Commission File Number 001-32671

 

 

 

 

 

(770) 857-4700
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

 

 

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

 

 

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  Yes  þ      No  o

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes  o      No  þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  þ      No  o

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  o      No  þ

 

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $7,774,777,086. As of February 9, 2009, the number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding was 72,649,190 shares.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Certain information contained in the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year to which this report relates.

 

 

INTERCONTINENTALEXCHANGE, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2008

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires:

 

 

Due to rounding, figures in tables may not sum exactly.

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the sections entitled “Business”, “Legal Proceedings” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, contains forward-looking statements that are based on our present beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to us. You can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “targets,” “goal,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and other factors include those set forth in Item 1(A) under the caption “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements and other factors that may affect our performance include, but are not limited to:

 

 

 

Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of an unanticipated event. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all factors that may affect our business and prospects. Further, management cannot assess the impact of each factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

 

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

We conduct our OTC business directly through IntercontinentalExchange as an Exempt Commercial Market under the Commodity Exchange Act and through Creditex Group Inc., or Creditex, an interdealer broker. We completed our acquisition of Creditex in August 2008. Creditex is a market leader and innovator in the execution and processing of index and single-name CDS with markets spanning the United States, Europe and Asia. In October 2008 we announced our planned acquisition of The Clearing Corporation as part of our strategy to offer clearing in the CDS market.

 

Our Business

 

We operate diverse global markets that promote price transparency and offer participants the opportunity to trade a variety of energy, soft agricultural and agricultural commodities, CDS and financial products. Our core products include contracts based on crude and refined oil products, natural gas, power, coal, emissions, sugar, cotton, coffee, cocoa, canola, orange juice, CDS, foreign exchange and equity index products. Our derivative and physical products provide participants with a means for managing risks associated with changes in the prices of these commodities, asset allocation, ensuring physical delivery of select commodity products and trading. The majority of our trading volume is financially or cash settled, meaning that settlement is made through cash payments based on the difference between the purchase price of the contract and the value of the underlying commodity at contract expiration, rather than through physical delivery of the commodity itself.

 

All futures and options contracts and many of our OTC swap contracts are cleared through a central counterparty clearing house. We also offer OTC swap contracts that can be traded on a bilateral basis. Our customer base includes professional traders, financial institutions, institutional and individual investors, corporations, manufacturers, commodity producers and refiners, and governmental bodies. We do not take proprietary trading positions in any contracts in our markets.

 

We operate our U.S., U.K. and Canadian exchanges, as well as our OTC markets, primarily on our electronic platform, except for the Creditex business, in which trading is conducted both electronically on Creditex’s proprietary platform, and through voice brokered transactions. ICE Futures U.S. continues to offer options on futures markets through its open-outcry trading floor based in New York City, complementing our electronic futures and options offerings. In addition to trade execution, our electronic platform offers a comprehensive suite of trading-related services, including pre- and post-trade risk management tools, electronic trade confirmation and clearing services. Through our platform, we facilitate straight-through processing of trades, with the goal of providing seamless integration of front-, back- and mid-office trading and risk management activities.

 

We operate and manage our business on the basis of three segments: our futures business segment, our OTC business segment and our market data business segment. For a discussion of these segments and related financial disclosure, refer to note 18 to our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

History

 

In May 2000, IntercontinentalExchange was established, with our founding shareholders representing some of the world’s largest energy companies and global banks. Our mission was to transform OTC energy markets by providing an open, accessible, around-the-clock electronic energy marketplace to a previously fragmented and opaque market. We offered the energy community greater price transparency, efficiency, liquidity and lower costs than manual trading, such as voice or floor markets. Working together with participants in the energy markets, we developed the leading electronic marketplace for energy commodities, along with the leading electronic trade confirmation platform.

 

In June 2001, we expanded our business into the futures markets by acquiring the IPE, now ICE Futures Europe. Europe’s leading regulated energy futures exchange, ICE Futures Europe’s markets today account for approximately 50% of the world’s crude oil and refined futures traded each day. In April 2005, ICE Futures Europe became the first fully electronic energy exchange.

ICE Data was launched in 2002 to meet the demand for increased market data in the OTC energy markets, and is today one of the leading providers of futures and OTC data globally. Since 2003, we have partnered with the Chicago Climate Exchange, or CCX, to host its OTC emissions markets, and today we offer the leading European emissions futures contracts in conjunction with the European Climate Exchange, or ECX.

 

In November 2005, we completed our initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “ICE” and have since become a member of the Russell 1000 and the S&P 500 indexes. In January 2007, we acquired NYBOT, now known as ICE Futures U.S. Today, ICE Futures U.S.’s futures contracts for soft agricultural commodities such as sugar and coffee are listed in our electronic markets. In June 2007, we entered into an exclusive licensing agreement with the Frank Russell Company to list the U.S. Russell Index futures complex. Also in 2007, we acquired the exclusive right to key natural gas indexes, including the NGI and NGX indexes.

 

In July 2007, we acquired and integrated ChemConnect’s OTC natural gas liquids and chemicals markets. In August 2007, we acquired the Winnipeg Commodity Exchange, the leading canola market in the world, now known as ICE Futures Canada. In October 2007, we acquired Chatham Energy, or Chatham, a leading OTC energy options broker, and in February 2008, we acquired YellowJacket Software, Inc., or YellowJacket, a leading peer-to-peer negotiation platform for the OTC options markets.

 

In August 2008, we completed our acquisition of Creditex, a leading interdealer market for the execution and processing of credit derivatives. In October 2008, we announced plans to acquire The Clearing Corporation, or TCC, and the transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2009. TCC will be the clearing service provider for our CDS clearing house, known as ICE US Trust, or ICE Trust. ICE Trust is a limited purpose New York trust regulated by the New York State Banking Department. ICE Trust plans to commence clearing in the first quarter of 2009. Today, we employ over 790 professionals across the United States, Europe and Asia.

 

Futures Marketplaces

 

In our futures business, we operate three regulated futures exchanges in the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. ICE Futures Europe operates as a Recognized Investment Exchange in the United Kingdom, where it is regulated by the U.K. Financial Services Authority, or FSA. ICE Futures Europe was founded in 1980 as a traditional open-outcry auction market, and today operates exclusively as an electronic exchange. Trades in our energy futures markets may only be executed in the name of exchange members for the members’ own account or their customers’ account. Our members and their customers include many of the world’s largest energy companies and leading financial institutions.

 

ICE Futures U.S. is a leading global futures and options exchange for trading in a broad array of soft agricultural commodities, including sugar, coffee, cotton, cocoa and frozen concentrated orange juice, or FCOJ. ICE Futures U.S. also provides trading in futures and options contracts for a variety of financial products, including its futures and options contracts based on the Russell indexes and the U.S. Dollar Index, or USDX. ICE Futures U.S. operates as a Designated Contract Market and is regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, or CFTC. Until February 2, 2007, ICE Futures U.S. operated exclusively as an open-outcry exchange and provided only floor-based markets. On that date, ICE Futures U.S. listed its core soft agricultural commodity markets on our electronic platform, and has subsequently introduced the Russell indexes, currency pairs and USDX futures and options contracts electronically. Options markets continue to be available for trading on the floor of the exchange.

 

ICE Futures Canada is Canada’s leading commodity futures and options exchange and North America’s first fully electronic commodity futures exchange. Based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, ICE Futures Canada offers futures and options contracts on canola and western barley. For over a century ICE Futures Canada, and its predecessor companies, have operated futures markets that bring together agricultural industry participants, traders, and investors to engage in price discovery, price risk transfer and price dissemination for the markets. ICE Futures Canada is a recognized commodity futures exchange under the provisions of The Commodity Futures Act (Manitoba), or the CFA, and is regulated by the Manitoba Securities Commission, or MSC.

ICE Clear Europe clears and settles contracts for ICE Futures Europe and is regulated by the FSA as a Recognized Clearing House. ICE Futures U.S. owns its clearing house, ICE Clear U.S., which clears and settles contracts traded on, or subject to the rules of, ICE Futures U.S. ICE Clear U.S. is a Derivatives Clearing Organization and is regulated by the CFTC. ICE Futures Canada owns it clearing house, ICE Clear Canada, which clears and settles contracts traded on, or subject to the rules of, ICE Futures Canada. ICE Clear Canada is a recognized clearing house under the provisions of the CFA and is regulated by the MSC.

 

OTC Marketplace

 

In our OTC business, we operate global over-the-counter markets primarily through our electronic platform. We offer trading in thousands of contracts, covering a broad range of energy-related products and contract types. These contracts include derivative contracts as well as contracts that provide for physical delivery of the underlying commodity, principally relating to natural gas, power, natural gas liquids, chemicals and crude and refined oil products. We offer a wide range of derivative contracts in our OTC markets due to the availability of various combinations of commodities, product types, delivery “hub” locations and terms or settlement dates for a given contract. In 2008 and 2007, we acquired Creditex, YellowJacket, ChemConnect and Chatham, and as a result, have expanded our markets to include CDS, natural gas liquids, chemicals and natural gas options contracts. Our OTC market participants include many of the world’s largest energy companies, leading financial institutions and proprietary trading firms, as well as natural gas distribution companies and utilities. Participants in our OTC energy markets must qualify as eligible commercial participants or eligible commercial entities under the Commodity Exchange Act.

 

Market Data

 

We offer a variety of market data services for both futures and OTC markets through our market data subsidiary, ICE Data. ICE Data compiles and repackages market data derived from trading activity on our platform into information products that are sold to a broad customer base extending beyond our core trading community.

 

Since its inception, ICE Data has expanded to provide data services covering our energy futures and OTC markets, as well as soft agricultural and agricultural commodities, equity indexes and currency pairs. Market data services for these segments include publication of daily indices, access to historical price and other data, view only access to our trading platform, end of day settlements and pricing data sets, as well as a service that provides independent validation of participants’ own valuations for OTC products.

 

Our Competitive Strengths

 

We have established ourselves as a leading operator of global regulated futures exchanges and OTC markets. We believe our key strengths include:

 

 

Liquid, Diverse Global Markets and Benchmark Contracts

 

Several of our core products serve as global benchmarks for managing risk relating to exposure to price movements in the underlying commodities. We operate the leading market for trading in Brent crude oil futures, as measured by the volume of contracts traded in 2008, according to the Futures Industry Association.

The ICE Brent Crude futures contract is the leading benchmark for pricing light, sweet crude oil produced and consumed outside of the United States, and is the price reference for approximately two-thirds of the world’s physical oil. Similarly, the ICE Gas Oil futures contract is a leading benchmark for the pricing of a range of refined oil products outside the United States. We also operate the world’s second largest market for trading in West Texas Intermediate, or WTI, crude oil futures, as measured by the volume of contracts traded in 2008, according to the Futures Industry Association. The WTI Crude futures contract is the leading benchmark for pricing light, sweet crude oil delivered and consumed within the United States. We operate a leading OTC market for energy contracts, including hundreds of contracts based on natural gas and electric power hubs, or delivery points, in North America, as well as certain refined products. We were the first marketplace in North America to introduce cleared OTC energy contracts. We believe that cleared OTC energy markets have increased market liquidity and transparency and attracted new participants by reducing counterparty credit risk and by improving capital efficiency. Today, qualified OTC participants may access both bilateral and cleared markets on our platform.

 

The following table shows the number and notional value of commodities futures contracts traded in our most significant futures markets. The notional value of contracts represents the aggregate value of the underlying commodities covered by the contracts.

 

 

 

 

The following table shows the number and notional value of OTC commodities contracts traded on our electronic platform in our most significant OTC energy markets:

 

 

Diverse and Complementary Risk Management Products and Services

 

We have developed and offer our customers a diverse array of products and a broad range of risk management services including trade execution, market data, pre- and post-trade processing and clearing services on an integrated platform. We have a history of developing innovative products and services for the markets we serve, including electronic trade confirmation, affirmation and novation for the bilateral OTC markets, independent price validation services, portfolio compression, credit event auctions and OTC clearing. Our markets provide important risk management tools and evolve based on changes in market conditions, market structure and technological advancements. We work closely with our customers to create products and services that meet their requirements. These relationships help us to anticipate and lead industry changes.

Widely-distributed, Leading Edge Technology for Trading and Risk Management

 

Our integrated technology infrastructure is delivered via our widely accessible electronic trading platform, which provides centralized and direct access to risk management and trade execution for a variety of energy, soft agricultural and other agricultural commodities, and financial products. We operate the majority of our energy, financial and agricultural markets on our electronic trading platform. Our trading platform has enabled us to attract significant liquidity from traditional market participants, as well as new market entrants seeking the access, efficiency and ease of execution offered by electronic trading. We have developed a significant global presence with thousands of active screens at over 1,500 OTC participant firms and over 1,100 futures participant firms as of December 31, 2008.

 

Our participants may access our electronic marketplace through a variety of means, including through telecommunications hubs in the United States, Europe, Canada and Asia, via the Internet or through dedicated lines. We offer various front-end trading alternatives, including proprietary front-end systems, independent software vendors, or ISVs, our own front-end called WebICE and brokerage firms. ISVs allow market participants to access multiple exchanges through a single interface, which is integrated with the participants’ risk management systems.

 

We have taken a number of steps to increase the accessibility and connectivity of our electronic platform, including opening our electronic platform to ISVs and allowing members to develop their own conformed front-end systems. Our participants can currently access our platform using 37 ISVs. We do not depend on the services of any one ISV for access to a significant portion of our participant base.

 

We also have made a number of enhancements to our technology infrastructure and electronic platform to facilitate trading in futures contracts. Those enhancements include increased speed, reliability and additional features, such as stop-limits and extensive implied spread functionality, which allows certain bids and offers to imply prices from one contract month to another, as well as the use of formula-based spreadsheet tools and the development of administrative and monitoring tools.

 

Our trading platform provides rapid trade execution and is, we believe, one of the world’s most flexible, efficient and secure systems for derivatives markets. We have designed our platform to be highly scalable — meaning that we can expand capacity and add new products and functionality efficiently at relatively low cost and without disruption to our markets. Our platform can also be adapted for use in other markets, as demonstrated by the decision by CCX and ECX to operate their emissions markets on our trading platform. We believe that our commitment to investing in technology to enhance our network infrastructure, electronic trading platform, clearing and other post-trade processes will continue to contribute to the growth and development of our business.

 

Market Transparency and Efficient Access to Futures and OTC Markets

 

Through our highly accessible platform, we offer real-time market transparency to participants, observers and regulators for dozens of futures and OTC markets. This transparency has increased liquidity and the confidence participants have in transacting in our markets relative to floor or voice traded markets. Our price transparency and range of market data for the OTC energy markets meets or surpasses that offered by other OTC energy markets, which may be beneficial to us in a regulatory environment favoring transparency.

 

In addition, we believe that our growth has been driven in part by our ability to uniquely offer qualified market participants integrated access to both the futures and OTC markets. We believe that our demonstrated ability to develop specialized technology and launch new products for both the futures and OTC markets provides us with several competitive advantages, including a larger addressable market, increased domain knowledge in our markets, including insight into commercial market participants’ needs, the ability to offer cross margining for correlated products, and enhanced market data offerings. In addition to cleared OTC markets, we continue to offer bilateral markets for those customers and products where it is required or preferred.

 

We believe that by using our electronic platform, market participants benefit from price transparency and can achieve price improvement over alternate means of trade execution. Electronic trade execution offers time

and cost efficiencies by providing firm posted prices and reducing trade-processing errors and back office overhead, and allows us to accelerate the introduction of new products on our platform. The combination of electronic trade execution across a range of commodities and derivatives markets and market data services facilitates automation by our participants in all phases of processing from front-office to back-office, and ranging from trading and risk management to trade settlement.

 

Geographic and Product Diversity with Multiple Regulated Exchanges and Clearing Houses, and Global OTC Markets

 

Our globally distributed electronic trading platform offers qualified market participants a single interface to multiple exchanges, covering five unique product categories, including agricultural, energy, credit, equity index and foreign exchange products, as well as a range of OTC energy products. By offering trading in multiple markets and products we provide our participants with maximum flexibility to implement their trading and risk management strategies. We serve customers in dozens of countries as a result of listing products that are relevant globally, such as crude oil, credit, sugar, equity indexes and foreign exchange. Each of our three locally regulated exchanges is associated with our locally regulated clearing houses. With recognized and highly respected clearing operations, we believe that these clearing houses’ assurance of performance to their clearing members substantially reduces counterparty risk and is a critical component of our exchanges’ identity as a reliable and secure marketplace for global transactions. With our acquisition of Creditex in 2008 and the impending launch of ICE Trust, we will also offer CDS clearing services. While the credit derivatives business has yet to be fully integrated into our electronic trading platform, these systems are already connected to well over 200 buy- and sell-side participants in the CDS market.

 

Innovative, Customer-Focused Management with a Focus on Growth

 

We strive to foster a culture of customer service, innovation and growth within our staff and management team. We put an emphasis on integrity of work and the results achieved to maintain confidence in our marketplace and in our company. We offer performance based compensation that includes various forms of equity ownership in our common stock by a broad base of employees and that reflects our shared, company-wide objectives.

 

Our Growth Strategy

 

The record consolidated revenues and trading volume we achieved in 2008 reflect our focus on the implementation and execution of our long-term growth strategy. We have expanded our core business organically, developed innovative new products for global markets, and provided trading-related services to a broader and more diverse participant base. In addition, we have completed a number of acquisitions and alliances to leverage our core strengths and grow our business. We seek to advance our leadership position in the commodity derivatives markets by focusing our efforts on the following key strategies for growth:

 

 

Attract New Market Participants

 

In recent years, our customer base has grown and diversified due to the emergence of new participants in the commodities markets, the increased use of hedging programs by commercial enterprises, our expansion into new markets, the increased access to our markets as a result of electronic trading, and the increased allocation to commodities by institutional investors. Market participants include producers and refiners, utilities and governments, financial services companies, such as investment banks, hedge funds, proprietary trading

firms and asset managers, as well as industrial and manufacturing businesses that are increasingly engaging in hedging, trading and risk management strategies. We believe that many of these participants have been attracted to our markets in part due to the need to hedge price volatility and the reduced barriers to market access. We intend to continue to expand our customer base by leveraging our existing relationships and our global sales and marketing team to promote participation in our markets and by offering a growing range of products and services, including pre-trade and post-trade processing and clearing capabilities.

 

Offer Additional Markets and Services Across Futures and OTC Markets

 

We have grown, and intend to continue to grow, as a result of our ability to leverage the combination of futures and OTC markets, clearing services and new product development. Through our acquisition of Creditex, we have entered the CDS market and offer a number of innovative products and services. We have also enhanced our product offerings by entering into strategic partnerships and exclusive agreements such as our exclusive license for the Russell index products. We will also seek opportunities in markets we do not currently serve. We intend to continue to expand the range of products we offer, both by product type and contract design, by working with customers and potential partners to develop new OTC, futures and options products that provide relevant risk management tools. We may also seek to license our platform to other exchanges for the operation of their markets on our platform, as we have with the CCX, ECX and the Natural Gas Exchange.

 

Leverage Our Extensive Risk Management Capabilities

 

By establishing and maintaining our own clearing operations, we are able to respond to the dynamic needs of the market for risk management tools. With the November 2008 launch of our European clearing house, we now have control of our product development cycle across all of our markets and will be able to develop and launch the products our customers require in a timely manner. As new markets evolve, we intend to leverage our domain knowledge in clearing and over-the-counter markets to serve these global markets. For example, in early 2009 we intend to launch a clearing house for the clearing of CDS instruments.

 

Continue to Enhance our Technology Infrastructure and Increase Connectivity

 

We develop and maintain our own network infrastructure and electronic trading platform to ensure the delivery of a leading-edge technology platform that meets our markets’ demands for transparency and efficiency. Our participants may access our electronic platform for trading in our markets through our proprietary front-end, known as WebICE, via a dedicated line or the Internet, through our application programming interface, or API, through one of our telecommunication hubs, through co-location at our data center, or through the front-end systems developed by any of 37 ISVs. Furthermore, participants in our markets can access our platform directly through their own proprietary interfaces or through a number of brokerage firms. We intend to extend our initiatives in this area by continuing to increase ease of access and connectivity with our existing and prospective market participants.

 

Pursue Select Strategic Opportunities

 

We intend to continue to explore and pursue acquisition and other strategic opportunities to strengthen our competitive position and grow our company. We may enter into business combination transactions, make acquisitions or enter into strategic partnerships, joint ventures or alliances, any of which may be material. We may enter into these transactions for a variety of reasons, including to leverage our existing strengths into new markets, expand our risk management products and services, address underserved markets, advance our technology or take advantage of new developments and potential changes in the industry.

 

Our Products and Services

 

As a leading operator of global futures and OTC marketplaces, we seek to provide our participants with centralized and direct access to the futures and OTC markets for price transparency, electronic trade execution, clearing services and services that support their trading and risk management activities. The primary services

we provide are electronic price discovery in futures markets, trade execution and trade processing in futures and OTC markets, and the delivery of technology to facilitate these and other trading and risk management activities. We also offer a broad range of market data services for the futures and OTC markets.

 

Regulated Futures Markets

 

Our futures markets are fully regulated and are responsible for carrying out certain self-regulatory functions. Each regulated exchange has its own compliance, surveillance and market supervision functions, as well as a framework for disciplining market participants that do not comply with exchange rules.

 

Trading in our regulated futures markets is available to our members and their customers. Customers of our members may obtain order-routing access to our markets through members. Once trades are executed on our platform, they are matched and forwarded to a trade registration system that routes them to the applicable clearing house for clearing and settlement. Electronic trading allows participants to execute directly on our platform, when traditionally orders were executed on a trading floor by floor brokers.

 

Regulated Energy Future Products

 

We operate regulated markets for energy futures contracts and options on those contracts through our subsidiary, ICE Futures Europe. These contracts include the ICE Brent Crude futures contract, the ICE WTI Crude futures contract, the ICE Gas Oil futures contract, the ICE ECX CFI and CER futures contracts, the ICE UK Natural Gas futures contract, the ICE Richards Bay and Rotterdam coal futures contracts, the gC Newcastle coal futures contract, the ICE UK Electricity futures contract, the ICE Unleaded Gasoline Blendstock (RBOB) futures contract, the ICE Heating Oil futures contract and options based on the ICE Brent Crude, ICE WTI Crude, ICE ECX CFI and CER, and ICE Gas Oil futures contracts. The ICE Brent Crude futures contract is based on forward delivery of the Brent light, sweet grade of crude oil that originates from the North Sea. Brent crude is a leading benchmark used to price a range of traded oil products, including approximately two-thirds of the world’s oil. The ICE WTI Crude futures contract, also a light, sweet crude, is a cash-settled contract. The ICE Gas Oil futures contract is a European heating oil contract and serves as a significant pricing benchmark for refined oil products particularly in Europe and Asia.

 

Regulated Soft Agricultural and Agricultural Future Products

 

ICE Futures U.S. is a regulated leading world market for the trading of soft agricultural commodities, including coffee, sugar, cotton, frozen concentrate orange juice and cocoa futures and options contracts. ICE Futures U.S. and its predecessor companies have offered trading in traditional soft agricultural commodities for over 100 years and have maintained a strong franchise in these products. These markets are designed to provide effective pricing and hedging tools to industry users worldwide as well as strategic trading opportunities for individual and institutional investors. These contracts were listed electronically for the first time in February 2007. The prices for many of our agricultural contracts serve as global benchmarks for the physical commodity markets, including Sugar No. 11 (world raw sugar), Coffee “C” (Arabica coffee) and Cotton No. 2 (cotton).

 

Through close cooperation with agricultural industry participants, ICE Futures U.S. has supported the development of innovative and internationally recognized futures and options contracts that reflect the basic requirements of the commodity industry. ICE Futures U.S.’s contract committees, in conjunction with industry representatives, continuously review and adjust contract terms and trading practices to account for changes in the underlying cash market and to ensure that the contracts continue to serve ICE Futures U.S.’s commercial users.

 

Soft agricultural products have historically accounted for most of ICE Futures U.S.’s trading volume. In 2008, soft agricultural products represented 74.4% of the total number of futures and options contracts traded in ICE Futures U.S.’s markets.

 

ICE Futures Canada is the only regulated commodity futures exchange in Canada and it facilitates the trade of futures and options on futures contracts for canola and western barley. ICE Futures Canada, and its

predecessor companies, have been operating for over 122 years and have maintained a strong franchise in agricultural commodities. ICE Futures Canada contracts are designed to provide effective pricing and hedging tools to industry users worldwide as well as strategic trading opportunities for individual and institutional investors. The price of ICE Futures Canada’s canola futures contracts is the worldwide benchmark. In 2008, canola contracts represented 94.9% of the total number of futures and options contracts traded in ICE Futures Canada’s markets.

 

Regulated Financial Future Products

 

ICE Futures U.S. offers financial products in the currency, equity index and commodity index markets, including the U.S. Dollar Index, or USDX, the Russell equity indexes, the CCI and RJ/CRB and dozens of currency pair futures and options contracts. In 2008, contracts traded in our financial product markets represented 25.6% of the total number of contracts traded in ICE Futures U.S.’s futures and options markets. ICE Futures U.S. offers specialized products such as equity indexes and cross-rate foreign exchange contracts to complement its global soft agricultural markets.

 

ICE Futures U.S. lists futures and options contracts on the Russell indexes of U.S. equities, beginning with the Russell 1000 Index in 1999, followed by the Russell 2000 and the Russell 3000 along with the value and the growth components of these indexes. In June 2007, ICE entered into an exclusive licensing agreement with Russell with respect to its U.S. equity index futures and options on futures. These rights became exclusive in September 2008, and subject to achieving specified trading volumes, will remain exclusive throughout the remainder of the Licensing Agreement, which extends through June 2014.

 

We also provide futures and options markets for 42 currency pair contracts including euro-based, U.S. dollar-based, yen-based, sterling-based and other useful cross-rates, as well as the original contract based on the benchmark USDX, which was introduced in 1985. By identifying interbank market signals and customer needs, we developed currency contracts and defined trading procedures that serve institutional financial managers. These products began being introduced on our electronic platform in the second half of 2007. In November 2008, we also launched a suite of million-currency-unit foreign exchange futures contracts. These new futures contracts, known as ICE Millions, combine the benefits of futures and OTC products, bringing transaction efficiencies and risk management tools to the foreign exchange marketplace. ICE Millions are ten times the notional value of the original suite of foreign exchange futures and option contracts traded on ICE Futures U.S.

 

Clearing House Function

 

We operate a clearing house for ICE Futures U.S. through ICE Clear U.S., for ICE Futures Canada through ICE Clear Canada and for ICE Futures Europe and our OTC cleared businesses through ICE Clear Europe. These clearing houses clear, settle and guarantee to their clearing members the financial performance of all futures contracts and options on futures contracts matched through our execution facilities and accepted by the clearing house from clearing members in our U.S., U.K. and Canadian regulated futures markets as well as our cleared OTC markets. Through our clearing houses, we maintain a system for performance of financial obligations owed to the clearing members through which buyers and sellers conduct transactions. This system is supported by several mechanisms, including rigorous clearing membership requirements, the posting of original margin deposits, daily mark-to-market of positions and payment of variation margin, maintenance of a guaranty fund in which clearing members maintain deposits with our clearing houses and broad assessment powers to recoup financial losses if they arise due to a clearing member financial default. The amount of margin deposits on hand will fluctuate over time as a result of, among other things, the extent of open positions held at any point in time by market participants and the volatility of the market as reflected in the margin rates then in effect for such contracts. In addition to our existing three clearing houses, we are developing a clearing house to act as a central counterparty in the registration and clearing of credit default swap transactions. We are forming a limited purpose bank, ICE Trust, to serve as the facility to clear credit default swaps transactions.

In November 2008, we launched ICE Clear Europe, a clearing house based in London, as part of our strategic plan to offer clearing services through wholly-owned clearing businesses in the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. Clearing services for our U.K. energy futures and cleared global OTC energy businesses were previously outsourced to a third party U.K. clearing house. Gaining greater control over this core clearing process will allow us to introduce more products and services to the futures and OTC markets for broker-dealers and for our customers, as well as to ensure technology and operational service levels meet the efficiency standards that we have set within our execution business. We also believe that this flexibility will allow us to increase our speed-to-market for new cleared products and to expand our products further into physically-delivered commodity products on a competitive basis with other derivatives exchanges that manage their own clearing and risk management services. Control of our own clearing houses enables us to capture the revenue associated with both the trading and clearing of our futures and options contracts.

 

It is our objective to provide a clearing model that benefits customers and clearing firms alike, through technological innovation, offering a competitive alternative for clearing for new products and new exchanges, competitive pricing, and greater profit participation by member firms and new value-added services. Longer term, we anticipate that collectively, our U.S., U.K. and Canadian clearing houses may partner to serve our global customer base across the commodities and financial products marketplaces in an innovative and capital efficient manner. Our clearing strategy is designed to complement our diverse markets while meeting the risk management, capital and regulatory requirements of an expanding global marketplace.

 

We believe our clearing houses are a significant attraction to our market participants, and an important part of the functioning of our exchanges. Because the role of the clearing house is to serve as a central counterparty for each matched trade, clearing members do not need to evaluate the credit of each potential counterparty or limit themselves to a selected set of counterparties. This flexibility increases the potential liquidity available for each trade. The interposition of our clearing house as the counterparty for each matched trade allows our customers to establish a position with one party and then to offset the position with another party. This contract offsetting process provides our customers with flexibility in establishing and adjusting positions.

 

In order to ensure performance, our clearing houses establish and monitor financial requirements for our clearing members and set minimum margin requirements for our traded products. Our clearing houses use proprietary software, based on an industry standard margining convention, to determine the appropriate margin requirements for each clearing member by simulating the gains and losses of complex portfolios. We typically hold margin collateral to cover at least 99% of price changes for a given product within a given historical period.

 

At each settlement cycle, our clearing houses value, at the market price prevailing at that time, or mark-to-market, all open futures positions and require payments from clearing members whose positions have lost value and make payments to clearing members whose positions have gained value. Our clearing houses mark-to-market all open futures positions at least once a day, and in some cases more often if market volatility warrants. Marking-to-market provides both participants in a transaction with an accounting of their financial obligations under the contract. Having a mark-to-market cycle of a minimum of two times a day for ICE Clear U.S. and once daily for ICE Clear Europe and ICE Clear Canada helps protect the financial integrity of our clearing houses, our clearing members and market participants. This allows our clearing houses to identify quickly any clearing members that may not be able to satisfy the financial obligations resulting from changes in the prices of their open contracts before those financial obligations become exceptionally large and jeopardize the ability of our clearing houses to ensure financial performance of their open positions. All our clearing houses may call multiple intraday original margin in circumstances where market conditions require they take additional protection.

 

As a self-regulatory organization, ICE Clear U.S. has instituted detailed risk-management policies and procedures to guard against default risk with respect to cleared contracts. In order to manage the risk of financial non- performance, we (i) have established that clearing members maintain at least $5 million in minimum working capital, (ii) limit the risk exposure of open positions based upon the clearing member’s capital, (iii) require clearing members to post original margin collateral for all open positions, and to collect

original margin from their customers, (iv) pay and collect variation margin on a marked-to-market basis at least twice daily, (v) require clearing members to collect funds from under-margined customers, (vi) require deposits to the guaranty fund from clearing members which would be available to cover financial non-performance, and (vii) have broad assessment authority to recoup financial losses.

 

ICE Clear Europe has instituted a similar multi-layered risk management system of rules, policies and procedures to protect itself in the event of a clearing member default which include requiring its members to (i) hold a sufficient minimum level of capital, (ii) make sufficient margin payments as required under the ICE Clear Europe rules, (iii) have made a guaranty fund contribution as required by ICE Clear Europe, (iv) have acceded to the ICE Clear Europe regulations and thereby accept ICE Clear Europe’s powers of assessment to require the provision of additional funds by clearing members in certain situations consequent on an event of default, and (v) hold accounts as required under the ICE Clear Europe regulations at ICE Clear Europe approved financial institutions in relation to which ICE Clear Europe has established direct debit mandates in its favor.

 

ICE Clear Canada has instituted a similar multi-layered risk management system of rules, policies and procedures to protect against default which include (i) operational and financial standards for clearing participants applicable to category of registration, (ii) requirements for clearing participants to post original margin for house and client positions and requirements to collect additional margin from clients, (iii) assessing and collecting intra-day margin payments on a pre-determined basis, (iv) requiring all clearing participants to pay into a guaranty fund, and (v) rules requiring all clearing participants to provide additional monies for the clearing fund in the event of a default.

 

We also maintain extensive surveillance and compliance operations and procedures to monitor and enforce compliance with rules pertaining to the trading, position sizes, delivery obligations and financial condition of clearing members. In the unlikely event of a payment default by a clearing member, the clearing house would first apply assets of the clearing member to cover its payment obligation. These assets include original margin, variation margin and the guaranty fund deposits and any other available assets. In addition, we would make a demand for payment pursuant to any applicable guarantee provided to the clearing houses by the parent of a clearing member. Thereafter, if the payment default remains unsatisfied, the clearing house would use the guaranty fund of other clearing members and funds collected through an assessment against all other solvent clearing members to satisfy the deficit. We have agreed to reserve $50.0 million of the $250.0 million available under our revolving credit facility for use by ICE Clear U.S. to provide temporary liquidity in the event of default by a clearing member. In June 2008, the Company entered into a separate senior unsecured credit agreement which provides for a 364-day revolving credit facility in the aggregate principal amount of $150.0 million which is available for operational use solely by ICE Clear Europe. ICE Clear Canada has arranged a total of $3.0 million in revolving standby credit facilities with the Royal Bank of Canada to provide liquidity in the event of default by a clearing member.

 

ICE Clear Europe has committed $100.0 million in cash as part of its guaranty fund, of which $50.0 million will be available only in the event a clearing member defaults and such member has used all its available funds to settle the position. The $50.0 million will be used before other funds in the guaranty fund are used. If additional cash is required to settle positions, then the remaining $50.0 million will be called pro-rata along with other non-defaulting ICE Clear Europe clearing members’ deposits in the guaranty fund. ICE Clear Europe is also insured up to $100.0 million in the event of a clearing member default, which would be called upon after the guaranty funds are depleted and prior to any clearing member assessment.

 

As part of the powers and procedures designed to backstop financial obligations in the event of a default, each of the clearing houses may levy assessments on all of our clearing members if there are insufficient funds available to cover a deficit. There is no limit on this assessment of each clearing member unless the clearing member has notified the clearing house that it is withdrawing as a clearing member. However, before the clearing member can withdraw from the clearing house, the clearing house can assess the clearing member an amount up to two times the initial amount of the clearing member’s guaranty fund balance to cover any remaining default. Despite this authority to levy assessments, there can be no assurance that the relevant clearing members will have the financial resources available to pay, or will not choose to be expelled from

membership rather than pay, any such assessments. Despite the risk mitigation techniques adopted by, and the other powers and procedures implemented by our clearing houses, which are designed to, among other things, minimize the potential risks associated with the occurrence of monetary defaults, there can be no assurance that these powers and procedures will prevent such defaults or will otherwise function to preserve the liquidity of the clearing houses.

 

Our clearing houses have an excellent risk management track record. ICE Clear Europe, ICE Clear U.S. and ICE Clear Canada, and their predecessor companies, have never experienced an incident of a clearing member default which has required the use of the guaranty funds or assets of the clearing house.

 

Global OTC Marketplace

 

Our OTC markets comprise distinct energy and CDS markets. Our global energy markets are offered directly through our transparent, electronic platform, which offers real-time access to the liquidity in our markets — including the complete range of bids, offers, trades and volume posted for hundreds of contracts listed on our platform. Our platform displays a live ticker for all contracts traded in our OTC energy markets and provides information relating to each trade, such as the volume weighted average price and transacted volumes by contract. We offer fast, secure and anonymous trade matching services, which, we believe, generally are offered at a lower cost compared to traditional means of execution.

 

Our electronic platform provides trade execution on the basis of extensive, real-time price data where trades are processed accurately, rapidly and at minimal cost. We have designed our technology platform to ensure the secure, high-speed flow of data from trading desks through the various stages of trade processing. Qualified participants executing in our markets benefit from straight-through processing whereby trades are automatically confirmed and routed to back office departments and risk management systems. We believe that the broad availability of real-time OTC energy market access and data, together with the availability of cleared OTC contracts at the same price as bilateral products, has allowed us to achieve a critical mass of liquidity in our OTC markets. Historically, trades in the OTC commodities markets have been executed as bilateral contracts in which each counterparty bears the credit and/or delivery risk of the other. Our platform allows participants to pre-approve trading counterparties and establish parameters for trading with each counterparty, thereby enforcing internal risk management policies. If participants choose not to trade products on a cleared basis, they may set firm-wide limits on tenor (duration) and the total daily value of trades that its traders may conduct with a particular counterparty in a given market. Our OTC markets for CDS are operated separately by Creditex using voice brokers as well as a proprietary electronic execution platform.

 

OTC Energy Products Overview

 

We offer market participants a wide selection of derivative contracts, as well as contracts for physical delivery of energy commodities, to satisfy their risk management and trading objectives. We offer trading in over 1,200 unique contracts as a result of the availability of various combinations of products, locations and strips — meaning the duration or settlement date of the contract. Excluding the strip element, over 31,700 unique contracts based on products and hub locations were traded in our OTC market in 2008. A substantial portion of the trading volume in our OTC markets relates to approximately 20-25 highly liquid contracts in natural gas, power and oil. For these contracts, the highest degree of market liquidity resides in the prompt, or front month, contracts, with decreasing liquidity for longer-dated contracts.

 

We characterize the range of instruments that participants may trade in our markets by reference to type of commodity (such as global oil products, North American power, North American gas, etc.), products (such as forwards and swaps, differentials and spreads, and OTC options) and contracts (meaning products specified by delivery dates).

The following table indicates the number of unique commodities, products and contracts traded in our OTC energy business for the periods presented:

 

 

In February 2008, we acquired YellowJacket. YellowJacket is a financial technology firm that operates OTC electronic trade negotiation technology which offers a range of trading tools including instant communication, negotiation and data for various financial markets. With the YellowJacket platform, traders can aggregate and consolidate fragmented instant message-based communications and key transaction details on a single screen.

 

In March 2007, we purchased the intellectual property rights to widely-used OTC natural gas price indexes, called NGI indexes, from Intelligence Press, Inc. While Intelligence Press has retained the rights to collect data, publish newsletters and charge its customers for such services, we have the exclusive right to charge and collect fees for those seeking license arrangements for the NGI indexes for use in clearing and settlement. We will begin exclusive trading on the NGI indexes starting in May 2009.

 

In March 2007, we entered into an agreement with Natural Gas Exchange, Inc., or NGX, to form a technology and clearing alliance for the North American natural gas and Canadian power markets. Under the arrangement, the cleared and bilateral markets for North American physical natural gas and Canadian electricity operated by NGX and by us is offered together through our electronic trading platform. In turn, NGX serves as the physical settlement facility for these products, in a process also referred to as physical clearance. We recognize a portion of transaction fee revenues generated by products traded and cleared under this arrangement. The NGX products were listed on our electronic trading platform beginning in February 2008. We also acquired the exclusive licensing rights to the benchmark NGX natural gas indexes.

 

OTC Cleared Energy Products Overview

 

We developed and introduced the concept of cleared OTC energy contracts in 2002, which provide participants with access to centralized clearing and settlement arrangements. Cleared OTC contracts are available for trading on the same screen and are charged the same execution fees as bilaterally traded contracts. As of December 31, 2008, we listed 112 cleared energy contracts, including 37 cleared natural gas contracts, 44 cleared power contracts and 31 cleared oil contracts, all of which are financially settled. Transaction and clearing fees derived from trade execution in cleared electronic OTC contracts were $248.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 and represented 62.7% of our total OTC revenues during the year ended December 31, 2008, net of intersegment fees. This compares to $169.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 or 70.2% of our total OTC revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

The introduction of cleared OTC contracts has reduced bilateral credit risk and the amount of capital our participants are required to post on each OTC trade, as well as the resources required to enter into multiple negotiated bilateral settlement agreements to enable trading with other counterparties. In addition, the availability of clearing for both OTC and futures contracts traded in our markets enables our participants to cross-margin their futures and OTC positions — meaning that a participant’s position in its futures or OTC trades may be offset against each other, subject to correlation and other risk management measures, thereby reducing the total amount of capital the participant must deposit with the futures commission merchant clearing members, known as FCMs. In order to clear transactions executed on our platform, a participant must therefore either be a member of the clearing house itself, or have an account relationship with an FCM that is a member. FCMs clear transactions for participants in substantially the same way they clear futures transactions for customers. Specifically, each FCM acts as the conduit for payments, such as margin and settlement, required to be made by participants to the clearing house, and for payments due to participants from the clearing house. There are currently over 30 FCMs clearing OTC transactions in our markets.

Consistent with our ICE Futures Europe business, we did not derive any direct revenues from OTC clearing in the past and participants paid the clearing fees directly to a third party clearing house. However, upon the launch of ICE Clear Europe in November 2008, we now capture clearing revenues associated with our global OTC segment, the amount of which will depend upon many considerations, including but not limited to transaction volume, pricing and new products.

 

We have extended the availability of our cleared OTC contracts to voice brokers in our industry through our block trading facility. Block trades are those trades executed in the voice broker market, typically over the telephone, and then transmitted to us electronically for clearing. We believe that our block trading facility is a valuable part of our cleared business as it serves to expand our open interest. As of December 31, 2008, open interest in our cleared OTC contracts was 9.4 million contracts in North American natural gas and power, and global oil, as compared to 7.2 million contracts as of December 31, 2007. Open interest refers to the total number of contracts that are currently open, in other words, contracts that have been traded but not yet liquidated by either an offsetting trade, exercise, expiration or assignment.

 

OTC Credit Products Overview

 

The most widely used type of credit derivative is a credit default swap, or CDS, that involves the transfer between two parties of credit risk related to fixed income instruments such as corporate debt securities. The buyer of the CDS contract, who owns the underlying credit or otherwise has a credit risk exposure to the writer of the credit, will make a payment or series of payments to the seller in return for protection against default, a credit rating downgrade or other negative credit event. CDS are principally used to hedge against the credit default of a particular reference entity. CDS are traded primarily in the OTC market.

 

In August 2008, we acquired Creditex, a market leader and innovator in the execution and processing of CDS, with markets spanning the United States, Europe and Asia. Creditex serves the most liquid segments of the traded OTC CDS market, including indexes and single-name instruments. Creditex facilitates dealer-to-dealer execution of credit derivative transactions by providing voice, hybrid, and electronic trading services for dealers utilizing the Creditex “RealTime” trading platform. Creditex is a leading dealer-to-dealer execution agent focused on facilitating trading in the global credit derivatives market and providing intermediary trading services for OTC credit derivative products. The Creditex RealTime trading platform connects buyers and sellers of credit derivatives and corporate bonds and serves as a facilitator of price discovery. While the Creditex RealTime trading platform initially focused on the highly liquid CDS indexes, it has expanded to include e-trading of single-name CDS, emerging market CDS, highly liquid structured products, and, most recently, corporate bonds. RealTime’s functionality has been designed to be easy-to-use, highly scalable and easily integrated into dealers’ existing trading systems.

 

Dealers have the option of trading CDS electronically with no broker communication (electronic trading), calling their broker for market information and data but still transacting electronically (hybrid trading), or trading directly through their broker (voice trading). The market factors supporting voice trading include CDS with reduced liquidity, which makes electronic price discovery difficult, very large transactions, for which brokers can facilitate a trade with reduced market impact, and complex transactions. The market factors supporting hybrid trading include the unique trading preferences of individual traders, traders’ desire for a high level of customer service and traders’ needs for market information even in highly liquid markets. The market factors supporting electronic trading include mature CDS markets with significant liquidity which enable traders to go directly to the market, ready pricing given availability of data, and fast and inexpensive access to markets.

 

The flexibility to provide voice, hybrid, or electronic trading solutions maximizes value for Creditex clients who can choose the trading solution that best suits their specific needs. While the majority of U.S. trades are still voice-brokered, electronic trading is the dominant trading means in the European market and has become an increasingly large portion of global trading.

 

Creditex owns T-Zero, an electronic platform that automates post-trade processing for the dealer-to-client and dealer-to-dealer segments of the CDS market. T-Zero provides an industry-wide straight-through-processing, or STP, platform for the dealer-to-dealer and dealer-to-client market community. T-Zero allows market

participants to accurately capture and confirm trade details on the day of trade and to electronically deliver the information to downstream systems for confirmation and settlement.

 

CDS generally are not cleared by a central clearing house. The current bilateral nature of the market leaves participants exposed to counterparty risk. When financial counterparties cannot rely on each other’s credit, and are unable to hedge their own credit risk, they stop lending to each other and the credit markets may freeze, thus illustrating the importance of well functioning markets. Trade processing for CDS is relatively less transparent and less capital efficient compared to utilizing the benefits of central clearing. Therefore, developing a market structure that brings transparency and mitigates counterparty credit risk by clearing CDS transactions is an important initiative for ICE and Creditex, as well as for certain of our competitors. In order to address the need for central counterparty clearing, we are forming a limited purpose bank, ICE Trust, to serve as a clearing house for CDS on a global basis.

 

Market Data Services

 

Through ICE Data, we generate market information and indexes based primarily upon auditable transaction data derived from actual bid and offer postings and trades executed in our markets. Therefore, this information is not affected by subjective estimation or selective polling, the methodologies that currently prevail in the OTC markets. Each trading day, we deliver proprietary market data directly from our OTC market to the desktops of thousands of market participants.

 

ICE Data publishes ICE daily indexes for our spot natural gas and power markets with respect to over 90 of the most active gas hubs and over 20 of the most active power hubs in North America. ICE Data transmits our daily indexes via e-mail to approximately 10,000 energy industry participants on a complimentary basis each trading day.

 

The ICE Data end of day report is a comprehensive electronic summary of trading activity in our OTC markets. The report features indicative price statistics, such as last price, high and low price, total volume, volume-weighted average price, bid and offer, closing bid and closing offer, for all natural gas and power contracts that are traded or quoted on our platform. This information is sold as various subscription based products. Also, for both our futures and OTC markets, we offer view only access to market participants who are not active traders, but who still desire access to real-time prices of physical and financial energy derivative contracts.

 

ICE Data’s market price validation, or MPV, service provides independent, consensus forward curve and option values for long-dated global energy contracts on a monthly basis. On the last business day of each month, MPV service participant companies, representing the world’s largest energy and commodities trading entities, submit their month-end forward curve and option prices for over 450 global commodity contracts. MPV service participants use these consensus values to validate internal forward curves, mark-to-market their month-end portfolios and establish profit and loss valuations in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standard Board, or FASB, and the International Accounting Standards Board’s recommendations concerning the treatment and valuation of energy derivative contracts.

 

We provide our real-time futures data to data distributors, commonly called quote vendors, or QVs. These companies such as Bloomberg or Reuters then package this data into real-time, tick, intra-day, delayed, end-of-day and historical data packages to sell to end users. The real-time packages are accessed on a subscription basis and the appropriate “exchange fee” is paid for each user/screen taking ICE Futures U.S., ICE Futures Europe or ICE Futures Canada data. The futures data includes the trading activity in those markets, including bids, offers, trades and other key price information. End users include a range of financial information providers, FCMs, pension funds, financial services companies, funds, insurance companies, commodity pools and individual investors.

Our Participant Base

 

Futures Business Participant Base

 

Participants of ICE Futures Europe include representatives from segments of the underlying industries served by our energy markets, including, among others, the oil, gas and power industries. Participants currently trade in our energy futures markets, either directly as members or through an ICE Futures Europe member. The participant base in our energy futures business is globally dispersed, although we believe a significant proportion of our participants are concentrated in major financial centers in North America, the United Kingdom, Continental Europe and Asia. We have obtained regulatory clearance or received legal advice confirming that there is no legal or regulatory impediment for the location of screens for electronic trading in our energy futures markets in 56 jurisdictions for ICE Futures Europe, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Dubai and all of the member countries of the European Economic Area. Like our OTC participant base, the participant base in our energy futures business has grown significantly since we acquired ICE Futures Europe in 2001. Memberships in our energy futures markets was 148 members as of December 31, 2008 compared to 144 members as of December 31, 2007.

 

The five most active clearing members of ICE Futures Europe, which handle cleared trades for their own accounts and on behalf of their customers, accounted for 65.5%, 57.7% and 51.0% of our energy futures business revenues, net of intersegment fees, for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Revenues from one member accounted for 19.7%, 18.2% and 15.4% of our energy futures business revenues, net of intersegment fees, for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Revenues from two other members accounted for 17.0% and 14.3% of our energy futures business revenues, net of intersegment fees, for the year ended December 31, 2008 and 14.8% and 10.7% of our energy futures business revenues, net of intersegment fees, for the year ended December 31, 2007 and another member accounted for 12.1% of our energy futures business revenues, net of intersegment fees, for the year ended December 31, 2006. A substantial part of the trading activity of these participants typically represents trades executed on behalf of their respective clients, rather than by the firm for their own account.

 

Trades in our energy futures markets may only be executed in the name of an ICE Futures Europe member for its own or others’ accounts. To become an ICE Futures Europe member, an applicant must complete an application form, undergo a due diligence review and execute an agreement stating that it agrees to be bound by ICE Futures Europe regulations. All energy futures trades executed on our electronic platform are overseen by or attributable to “responsible individuals.” Each member may register one or more responsible individuals, who are responsible for trading activities of both the member and its customers, and who are accountable to ICE Futures Europe for the conduct of trades executed in the member’s name. As of December 31, 2008, there were over 2,400 responsible individuals registered in our energy futures market.

 

ICE Futures U.S.’s trading members include representatives from segments of the underlying industries served by our soft agricultural and financial markets, including, among others, the sugar, coffee and cotton industries. We believe that our existing liquidity and the history of ICE Futures U.S.’s predecessors in trading these commodity products for over 100 years has enabled the development of our strong industry relationships. A trading membership in ICE Futures U.S. enables the holder to trade any of the exchange’s futures and options contracts. ICE Futures U.S. also issues trading permits that allow the holder to trade a specified category of products, such as options or financial contracts. To gain membership status, a person must be approved by the membership committee. All floor brokers and floor traders must be appropriately registered under CFTC regulations and must be guaranteed by a clearing member of ICE Clear U.S.

 

ICE Futures U.S. has approval to offer its screens in 26 jurisdictions. Traders in these futures markets include hedgers, speculators and investors. Hedgers are commercial firms that trade futures and options to reduce their price risk exposure in the cash market, protect their profit margins and assist in business planning. Investors and speculators, who seek to profit from fluctuating prices, typically place an order through FCMs, or through introducing brokers, who have clearing relationships with FCMs. Investors also participate in the markets by pooling their funds with other investors in collective investment vehicles known as commodity pools, which are managed by commodity pool operators and commodity trading advisors. The CFTC requires commodity

professionals to be registered by the National Futures Association — a CFTC-designated futures association that is charged with enforcing ethical, financial and customer protection standards in the futures industry.

 

The five most active clearing members of ICE Futures U.S., which handle cleared trades for their own accounts and on behalf of their customers, accounted for 40.4% and 38.4% of ICE Futures U.S. business revenues, net of intersegment fees, for the year ended December 31, 2008 and for period from January 12, 2007 to December 31, 2007, respectively. Revenues from two members accounted for 12.3% and 11.2% of our ICE Futures U.S. business revenues, net of intersegment fees, for the year ended December 31, 2008. No members accounted for more than 10% for the period from January 12, 2007 to December 31, 2007.

 

ICE Futures Canada’s market participants include representatives from companies that hedge their cash products in the markets, including international grain companies, feed lots, and food processors, as well as FCMs and liquidity providers. Individuals and companies can access ICE Futures Canada’s markets by registering as participants with ICE Futures Canada, or trading through a registered participant. To gain participant status, a company or individual submits standard written application/agreement forms. All FCMs must be appropriately registered with the statutory regulatory authority in their home jurisdiction and any self-regulatory organizations required by their statutory regulatory authority. All entities that have direct trading status must be cleared by a registered clearing participant of ICE Clear Canada.

 

ICE Futures Canada has approval to allow trading directly in its marketplace on screens in Canada, other than in Quebec, and in the United States through a no-action letter issued by staff of the CFTC dated December 2004. Trading is permitted in the United Kingdom pursuant to a reliance on the overseas persons exemption.

 

The five most active clearing members of ICE Futures Canada, which handle cleared trades for their own accounts and on behalf of their customers, accounted for 60.6% and 51.6% of ICE Futures Canada business revenues, net of intersegment fees, for the year ended December 31, 2008 and for the period from August 27, 2007 to December 31, 2007, respectively. Revenues from two members accounted for 13.1% and 13.0%, respectively, of ICE Futures Canada revenues for the year ended December 31, 2008 and for 13.2% and 11.4%, respectively, of ICE Futures Canada business revenues for the period from August 27, 2007 to December 31, 2007.

 

OTC Business Participant Base

 

Pursuant to the Commodity Exchange Act, our global OTC energy markets are principals-only markets, designed for professional traders or other commercial market participants. Stringent requirements apply to participants, which include some of the world’s largest energy companies, financial institutions and other active contributors to trading volume in global commodities markets. They include oil and gas producers and refiners, power stations and utilities, chemical companies, transportation companies, banks, funds and other energy market participants. Our participant base is global in breadth, with thousands of participants located in 17 countries. The five most active trading participants together accounted for 15.4%, 17.8% and 23.3% of our OTC business revenues, net of intersegment fees, during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. No participant accounted for more than 10% of our OTC business revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 or 2006.

 

Trading in our OTC energy markets is available to a participant that qualifies as an eligible commercial entity, as defined by the Commodity Exchange Act and rules promulgated by the CFTC. Eligible commercial entities must satisfy certain asset-holding and other criteria and include entities that, in connection with their business, incur risks relating to a particular commodity or have a demonstrable ability to make or take delivery of that commodity, as well as financial institutions that provide risk management or hedging services to those entities. Pursuant to the CFTC’s oversight of our markets, since October 2006, we report all cleared positions in our primary OTC contracts on a daily basis to the CFTC through futures-style large trader reports. In addition, during 2007, we added regulatory staff to our OTC business and anticipate gaining increased authority to have oversight of certain of these markets in the future. In May 2008, Congress passed legislation to increase regulation of OTC markets as part of the Farm Bill. The legislation requires that OTC electronic trading facilities

assume self regulatory responsibilities, such as market monitoring and establishing position limits or accountability limits, over contracts that serve a significant price discovery function. See “— Regulation” below.

 

We require each qualified participant to execute a participant agreement, which governs the terms and conditions of its relationship with each participant and grants the participant a non-exclusive, non-transferable, revocable license to access our platform. While we generally establish the same contractual terms for all of our users, in connection with our entry into new commodities markets, we have from time to time agreed to minor modifications to the terms of our participant agreement for trading in new products. We expect that any future services that we may introduce will also be covered by our participant agreement, as we generally have a unilateral right to amend our terms with advance notice. As the OTC markets mature and conventions change, our participant agreement provides us with considerable flexibility to manage our relationship with our participants on an ongoing basis.

 

The user base of Creditex’s RealTime trading platform is comprised of credit default swap, proprietary and corporate bond trading desks at major international sell-side institutional banks. Clients of T-Zero’s post-trade confirmation and processing platform include most major CDS market participants on both the buy-side and sell-side. T-Zero also provides post-transactional processing services to other CDS inter-dealer brokers. Users of both the Creditex and T-Zero platforms must meet applicable jurisdictional and regulatory requirements before being provided with access to the platforms.

 

Market Data Participant Base

 

Our market data revenues are derived from a diverse customer base including the world’s largest commodity companies, leading financial institutions, proprietary trading firms, natural gas distribution companies and utilities, hedge funds and private investors. From an OTC perspective, a large proportion of our market data revenues are derived from sales of market data to companies executing trades on our platform. We also continue to see an increasingly diverse and expanding list of non-participant companies purchasing our data and subscribing to view-only screens. The primary customer base for our futures market data revenues are the market data redistributors themselves such as Bloomberg, CQG, Interactive Data Corporation or Reuters who redistribute our real-time pricing data and remit to us a real-time exchange fee based on the user’s access to our data. For both OTC and futures market data, end users include corporate traders, risk managers, individual speculators, consultants and analysts. No participant accounted for more than 10% of our market data revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 or 2006.

 

Product Development

 

We leverage our customer relationships, global distribution, technology infrastructure and software development capabilities to diversify our products and services. New product development is an ongoing process that is part of our daily operations. We are continually developing, evaluating and testing new products for introduction in our futures and OTC markets. Our goal is to create innovative solutions in anticipation of, or in response to, changing conditions in the markets for commodities trading to better serve our participant base. The majority of our product development relates to evaluating new contracts or markets. We generally are able to develop and launch new OTC contracts for trading within a number of weeks. New contracts in our futures markets must be reviewed and approved as needed by the FSA, the CFTC, the MSC or possibly other foreign regulators. We do not incur separate, identifiable material costs in association with the development of new products — such costs are embedded in our normal costs of operation.

 

While we have historically developed our products and services internally, we also periodically evaluate and enter into strategic partnerships to identify opportunities to develop meaningful new products and services. If we believe our success will be enhanced by collaboration with a third party, we will enter into a licensing arrangement or other strategic arrangement. In support of our product development goals, we rely on the input of our product management, clearing, technology and sales teams, who we believe are well positioned to discern and anticipate our participants’ needs.

Technology

 

Technology is a key component of our business strategy which we regard as crucial to our success. We design, build and operate the majority of our own software systems and believe that having control of our technology allows us to be more responsive to the needs of our customers, support the dynamic nature of our business and deliver the highest quality markets and data. Our systems are built using state-of-the-art software technologies and best practices including modern programming languages, component-based architectures, and a combination of leading-edge open source and proprietary technology products. We leverage proven industry standards from leading hardware, software and networking providers, as well as emerging technologies we believe will give us a competitive edge in technology development. We take a customer focused, iterative and results-driven approach to software design and development that allows us to deliver innovative, high quality solutions quickly and effectively.

 

Significant investments in production planning, quality assurance and certification processes have enhanced our ability to expedite the delivery of the system enhancements we develop for our participants. We believe in offering our customers a choice and, as such, our electronic platform is accessible from anywhere in the world via Internet, traditional telecommunication hubs, the ICE Global Network, or through co-location at our data center. Users can access our electronic trading platform via our own web based interface, via ISVs, or via one of our application programming interfaces, or API. Over the past three years we have intensely focused on enhancing capacity and performance of our electronic trading platform. This effort has resulted in the top performing platform in our industry, as measured by transaction times and reliability relative to other electronic trading platforms.

 

We also develop and operate software systems used to operate services such as clearing, market data and electronic confirmations. Our clearing infrastructure is designed to be easily extendable to support integration with additional clearing interfaces. We currently support clearing integration to four clearing houses; externally, KCBOT and The Clearing Corporation, internally, ICE Clear U.S. and ICE Clear Europe. These clearing houses facilitate clearing and settling our markets.

 

Personnel

 

Our technology staff is among the most productive and efficient in the industry. We carefully recruit talented individuals, and once in the organization, we foster a culture of entrepreneurship, innovation, customer service and results. Our electronic platform is designed, built and operated by our personnel. As of December 31, 2008, we employed a team of 373 experienced technology specialists including; product managers, project managers, system architects, software developers, network engineers, security specialists, performance engineers, systems and quality analysts, database administrators, website designers, helpdesk and support personnel.

 

Trading Systems, Software and Applications

 

Trading Platform

 

At the core of our trading business are our electronic trading platforms. Our primary platform supports all of our futures exchanges as well as our OTC energy and credit marketplaces. Order matching, with a proprietary spread-implication algorithm, is at the core of our electronic platform. Large-scale enterprise servers provide the processing capacity for the matching engine, which captures price requests by our participants and matches trades within a matter of milliseconds.

 

Our primary platform supports functionality for trading in bilateral and cleared OTC, futures and options markets. For futures products, the platform supports a myriad of order types, matching algorithms, price reasonability checks, inter-commodity spread pricing and real-time risk management. In addition, we have developed a multi-generation implied matching engine that automatically discovers best bid and offer prices throughout the forward curve. For OTC products we also support bilateral trading with real-time credit risk management between counterparties by commodity and company. We also offer brokers a facility to block trades for all their products. Our core functionality is available on a single platform for all products we offer

electronically, rendering it highly flexible and straightforward to maintain. As a result, enhancements made for one product can easily be propagated to other products.

 

The technology behind the Creditex and T-Zero platforms is proprietary to Creditex and was developed by Creditex and T-Zero’s in-house technology staff. For OTC credit products, Creditex’s proprietary RealTime trading platform connects buyers and sellers of credit derivatives, including single-name CDS, emerging markets CDS, structured products and corporate bonds, as well as serves as a facilitator of price discovery. RealTime’s easy-to-use functionality is highly scalable and quickly integrates into dealers’ existing trading systems. The core RealTime platform technology can easily accommodate enhancements and add-ons in order to support additional products and rapidly respond to market demands for new functionalities. The RealTime platform also serves as the centralized electronic site for accessing CDS fixings and credit event auctions for the CDS marketplace. T-Zero is an API-based affirmation platform that is connected to most of the major buy-side, sell-side and inter-dealer participants within the credit derivatives market. T-Zero offers three services that are available both via its API and its own user interface, including dealer-to-client trade affirmation, electronic connectivity to downstream operational vendors, and STP services for inter-dealer and dealer-to-client execution platforms and dealer-to-client trade affirmation.

 

Trading Platform Performance

 

Speed, reliability, scalability and capacity are critical performance criteria for electronic trading platforms. A substantial portion of our operating budget is dedicated to system design, development and operations in order to achieve high levels of overall system performance. Our platform delivers the fastest published round-trip transaction time in the commodity markets, with average transaction times today of three milliseconds in our futures markets, and a blended average of seven milliseconds for futures and OTC markets.

 

In our business, latency performance is not only measured in average time, but also in the percentage of outliers — particularly during peak trading periods. We define outliers as any request taking over 50 milliseconds. These outlier metrics characterize the consistency of the platform’s performance. Not only is our platform fast, it is also consistent with better than 99.5% of transactions completing in less than 50 milliseconds during the busiest of trading periods. Our platform is also highly reliable, achieving 99.9% availability during 2008. Planning for capacity, performance and reliability is something we take very seriously and has become a core competency. We continually run benchmark tests and monitor our production systems and make adjustments as necessary in order to insure that our systems can handle approximately two to three times our peak transactions in our highest volume products.

 

WebICE

 

Connectivity to our trading platform for our futures and OTC energy markets is available through our web based front-end, multiple ISVs and APIs. We provide secure access to our electronic platform via our front-end, WebICE. WebICE serves as a customizable, feature rich front-end to our trading platform. WebICE also provides an easy to use and easily accessible front-end for the entire suite of futures and OTC products we offer. Participants can access our platform globally via the Internet by logging in via our website homepage. Our platform can be accessed using a number of operating systems, including Microsoft Windows Vista, 2000/XP, Linux and Mac OS. Assuming all legal agreements are in place, a new participant can be configured and on our electronic platform within ten minutes. Over 10,000 users globally access our electronic platform each trading day via WebICE.

 

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)

 

We selectively offer participants use of APIs which allow developers to create customized applications and services around our electronic platform to suit their specific needs. Participants using APIs are able to link their own internal computer systems to our platform and enable algorithmic trading, risk management, data services, and straight through processing. Our APIs also enable ISVs to adapt their products to our platform, thereby offering our participants a wide variety of front-end choices in addition to our WebICE interface.

We offer the following APIs for direct access customers and ISVs:

 

 

Clearing Systems Technology

 

A broad range of trade management and clearing services are offered through our clearing houses. As with the trading system, we design, develop, operate and license, as appropriate, significant portions of our clearing technology. Our core clearing system, Extensible Clearing System, or ECS, supports open and delivery position management, real-time trade and post-trade accounting, risk management (daily and intra-day cash, mark-to-market/option premium, and initial margin using the CME SPAN ^® algorithm), collateral management, daily settlement and banking. ECS is a state-of-the art system offering open Internet-based connectivity and integration options for clearing member access to user and account management, position reporting and collateral management. ECS also has an extensive reporting system which delivers on-line access to daily and historical reports in multiple formats, as well as an extensive currency delivery system to manage the delivery and payment of currency settlements. As with the trading platform, we take a proactive approach to enhancing the reliability, capacity and performance of our clearing systems.

 

Data Centers, Global Network and Distribution

 

In January 2008, we completed our move to a state-of -the art hosting center in Chicago, Illinois. The new hosting facility includes expanded co-location capabilities coupled with the physical space, electric power, and bandwidth necessary to accommodate continued growth in our messaging traffic, trading volume and customer base. We also maintain a disaster recovery site for our technology systems in Atlanta, Georgia.

 

We offer access to our electronic markets through a broad range of interfaces including dedicated lines, server co-location data centers, telecommunications hubs in the United States, Europe and Asia, and directly via the Internet. In 2007, we completed the build-out of the ICE Global Fiber Network which consists of high speed dedicated fiber-optic lines connecting data hubs in New York, Atlanta, Chicago, London and Singapore with the exchange’s primary and disaster recovery data centers. This network offers customers an inexpensive, high speed, high-bandwidth, fiber network solution to routing trading and pricing messages between each of these data hub locations and to the primary and secondary data centers.

 

In addition to our global network, the accessibility of our platform through the Internet differentiates our markets and serves to attract liquidity in our markets. As of December 31, 2008, we had thousands of active connections to our platform from over 1,500 OTC participant firms and over 1,100 futures participant firms. As of the fourth quarter of 2008, there were an average of 10,400 simultaneous active connections daily during peak trading hours. One active connection can represent many individual traders. In addition, we have 37 conformed ISVs interfacing to our trading platform. As a result, we have the potential to attract thousands of additional participants who may trade in our markets through ISVs or through our own front-end. Many ISVs present a single connection while facilitating numerous individual participants actually entering orders and trading on our exchange.

 

For high velocity traders interested in the lowest latency possible we offer server co-location space at our data centers. This service allows customers to deploy their trading servers’ and applications which virtually

eliminate data transmission latency between the customer and the exchange. The combination of our easy to use trading and data APIs, rapid trade execution and co-location services enables us to attract algorithmic traders, which are growing liquidity contributors in many of our markets.

 

Security and Disaster Recovery

 

Physical and digital security are each critical to the operation of our platform. We employ leading-edge digital security technology and processes, including high level encryption technology, complex passwords, multiple firewalls, network level virus detection, intrusion detection systems and secured servers. We use a multi-tiered firewall scheme to control access to our network and have incorporated several protective features into our electronic platform at the application layers to ensure the integrity of participant data and connectivity. While our electronic platform is accessible over the Internet, we have added functionality that allows us to restrict platform access to designated IP addresses, if so desired by a participant.

 

We use a remote data center to provide a point of redundancy for our trading technology. Our back-up disaster recovery facility fully replicates our primary data center and is designed to ensure the uninterrupted operation of our electronic platform’s functionality in the event of external threats, unforeseen disasters or internal failures. In the event of a major disruption, participants connecting to our electronic platform would be rerouted automatically to the disaster recovery facility. Our primary data center continuously collects and saves all trade information and periodically transmits it to our disaster recover site. For that reason, we expect that our disaster recovery system would have current, and in most cases real-time, information in the event of a platform outage.

 

Support Services

 

All of our participants have access via e-mail, online and telephone to our specialized help desk, which provides support with respect to general technical, business and administrative questions, and is staffed 24 hours a day from Sunday at 5:30 p.m. Eastern Time until Friday at 6:30 p.m. Eastern Time. At all other times, support personnel are available to assist our participants via mobile phone and e-mail.

 

Competition

 

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive. We face competition in all aspects of our business from a number of different enterprises, both domestic and international, including traditional exchanges, electronic trading platforms and voice brokers. Prior to the passage of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000, or the CFMA, futures trading was generally required to take place on, or subject to the rules of, a federally designated contract market. The costs and difficulty of obtaining contract market designation and corresponding regulatory requirements created significant barriers to entry for competing exchanges. The CFMA and other changing market dynamics have led to increasing competition from a number of different domestic and international sources of varied size, business objectives and resources.

 

We believe we compete on the basis of a number of factors, including:

 

 

 

We believe that we compete favorably with respect to these factors, and that our deep, liquid markets, breadth of product offerings, new product development, and efficient, secure settlement, clearing and support services distinguish us from our competitors. We believe that in order to maintain our competitive position, we must continue to develop new and innovative products and services; enhance our technology infrastructure; maintain liquidity and offer competitive transaction costs.

 

Our Principal Competitors

 

Currently, our principal competitors include exchanges such as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, or CME, the New York Mercantile Exchange, or NYMEX, which is now part of the CME, and London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange, or LIFFE, which is now part of NYSE Euronext. In addition, we currently compete with voice brokers active in the OTC commodities and credit derivatives markets, other electronic trading platforms for derivatives and market data vendors.

 

Competition in our Futures Business

 

In our energy futures business, ICE Futures Europe, we currently compete with global exchanges such as CME and European natural gas and power exchanges, such as the European Energy Exchange. Other exchanges may, in the future, offer trading in contracts that compete with our exchanges. In addition, the recent consolidation of, and development of industry alliances has resulted in a growing number of and well-capitalized trading services providers, which compete with all or portions of our business.

 

ICE Futures U.S. faces competition from traditional exchanges as well as from new entrants to the derivatives exchange sector. According to the Futures Industry Association, ICE Futures U.S. is currently the third largest derivatives exchange in the United States. The CME, the largest derivatives exchange in the United States, competes with ICE Futures U.S. in its markets for foreign currency and equity index contracts.

 

ICE Futures U.S. also faces competition abroad from NYSE Euronext. Currently, ICE Futures U.S. competes directly with NYSE Euronext in the cocoa, sugar and coffee markets. ICE Futures U.S. also competes on a limited basis with other exchanges such as the Tokyo Grain Exchange and the Brazilian Mercantile and Futures Exchange. At any time, a regional exchange in an emerging market country, such as India or China, or a producer country could attract enough activity from outside its borders to compete with ICE Futures U.S.’s status as the benchmark pricing market for a given commodity.

 

ICE Futures Canada competes primarily with NYSE Euronext’s rapeseed contract and, to a lesser extent, the Australian Securities Exchange’s canola futures contract.

 

In addition to competition from derivates exchanges that offer commodity products, our futures business also faces competition from other exchanges, electronic trading systems, third party clearing houses, FCMs and technology firms.

 

Competition in Our OTC Business

 

Certain financial services or technology companies, in addition to the competitors named above, have entered the OTC electronic trading services market. Additional joint ventures and consortia could form, or have been formed, to provide services that would potentially compete with certain services that we provide. Others may acquire the capacity to compete with us through acquisitions. If we expand into new markets in the future, we could face significant competition. Creditex continues to face competition from other large inter-dealer brokers in the credit derivative market, including GFI Group Inc., Tullet Prebon plc and ICAP plc. These competitors have many of the same clients as Creditex, and there is no guarantee that Creditex’s clients will not direct more of their CDS business to one or more of Creditex’s competitors. There is also a high level

of competition among inter-dealer brokers for broker employees, and there is no guarantee that Creditex’s broker employees will not be hired by competing firms.

 

Intellectual Property

 

We rely on a wide range of intellectual property. We own or have a license to use all of the software that is essential to the operation of our electronic platform, much of which has been internally-developed by our technology team since our inception. In addition to our software, we regard certain business methods and our brand names, marketing elements, logos and market data to be valuable intellectual property. We protect this intellectual property by means of patent, trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret laws, contractual restrictions on disclosure and other methods.

 

We currently have licenses to use several U.S. patents, including the Togher family of patents, which relate to the way in which bids and offers are displayed on an electronic trading system in a manner that permits parties to act only on those bids and offers from counterparties with whom the party has available credit. In connection with the settlement of patent infringement litigation with EBS Dealing Resources, Inc., or EBS, we obtained from EBS a worldwide, fully paid, non-exclusive license to use technology covered under patents known as the Togher patents (presently issued or to be issued in the future claiming priority to U.S. patent application 07/830,408). As a fully paid license, we pay no royalties to EBS on an ongoing basis. The EBS license expires on the latest expiration of the underlying patents. Additionally, in May 2006, we received a U.S. patent jointly owned with NYMEX for an implied market trading system. The joint patent covers a method for a computer-based trading system that implies spread markets for multiple real or implied spread markets.

 

We cannot guarantee that the Togher patents, the joint patent with NYMEX or any other patents that we may license or acquire in the future, are or will be valid and enforceable.

 

We have several U.S. and foreign patent applications pending, including with respect to our electronic trade confirmation service, our ICEMaker system, and our OTC clearing service. Creditex has several U.S. and foreign patent applications pending with respect to its RealTime electronic trading platform, as well as with respect to its T-Zero electronic post-transactional confirmation and processing platform and its Q-WIXX electronic trading platform for large portfolio credit derivative transactions. We can provide no assurance that any of these applications will result in the issuance of patents.

 

We have received several U.S. federal registrations on trademarks used in our business, including “IntercontinentalExchange”, “IntercontinentalExchange” + design, “ICE” and “ICE” + design. We have also received U.S. federal registrations on other services or products we provide, including but not limited to, “ICE DATA”, “ICE Futures”, and “WEBICE.”. In addition, we have several foreign and U.S. applications pending for other marks used in our business. For instance, in the United States we have applications pending for the following marks, including but not limited to: “ICE Clear”, “ICE Clear U.S.”, “ICE Clear Canada”, “ICE Clear Europe”, “ICE Futures U.S.”, “ICE Futures Canada”, and “ICE Futures Europe.”. In Canada, we have applications pending for the following marks, including but limited to: “ICE”, “ICE Clear”, “ICE Clear U.S.”, “ICE Clear Canada”, “ICE Clear Europe”, “ICE Futures”, “ICE Futures U.S.”, “ICE Futures Canada”, “ICE Futures Europe” and, “ICE DATA.” In the European Union, we have applications pending for the following marks, including but not limited to: “ICE Clear”, “ICE Clear U.S.”, “ICE Clear Canada”, “ICE Clear Europe”, “ICE Futures U.S.”, “ICE Futures Canada” and “ICE Futures Europe”,. In Singapore, we have applications pending for the following marks, including but not limited to: “ICE Clear”, “ICE Clear U.S.”, “ICE Clear Canada”, “ICE Clear Europe”, “ICE Futures U.S.”, “ICE Futures Canada” and “ICE Futures Europe”. We can provide no assurance that any of these applications will mature into registered trademarks.

 

ICE Futures U.S.’s key strength is the brand recognition of its “soft” commodity products. Unlike our U.S. competitors, which have larger corporate identities, ICE Futures U.S.’s primary brand identity is derived from the individual benchmark contracts that it trades. ICE Futures U.S.’s most significant brands are Coffee “C”, Sugar No. 11, Cotton No. 2 and the U.S. Dollar Index. We protect these brand names, as well as other products and services by relying on trademark law and contractual safeguards. ICE Futures U.S. owns the following registered trademarks, among others: Coffee “C”, Sugar No. 11, Sugar No. 14, Cotton No. 2,

U.S. Dollar Index, and USDX. ICE Futures U.S also licenses various trademarks of the Russell Investment Group in connection with its exclusive license to use the trademarks of the Russell Investment Group. ICE Futures U.S. also licenses the NYSE Composite Index from NYSE Euronext. ICE Futures U.S.’s license with the NYSE Euronext is an exclusive license to list and trade futures and options contracts on the NYSE Composite Index. ICE Futures U.S. also has an exclusive license with Reuters America, LLC to list and trade futures and options contracts on the Reuters Jefferies CRB Futures Price Index and the Continuous Commodity Index.

 

We also have several foreign trademark registrations, including: “ICE”, “IntercontinentalExchange”, and “IntercontinentalExchange” + design, in the European Union; “ICEMAKER”, “ICE Futures” and “ICE Futures” + block design in Singapore; and “ICEBLOCK” in the European Union, China, Hong Kong, Norway, Singapore, and Switzerland.

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K also contains additional trade names, trademarks and service marks of our and of other companies. We do not intend the use or display of other parties’ trademarks, trade names or service marks to imply, and this use or display should not be construed to imply, our endorsement or sponsorship of these other parties, their endorsement or sponsorship of it, or any other relationship between it and these other parties.

 

Sales

 

As of December 31, 2008, we employed 147 full-time sales personnel. Our global sales team is managed by a futures industry sales and marketing professional and is comprised primarily of former brokers and traders with extensive experience and established relationships within the commodity trading community. Since our futures business is highly regulated, we also employ sales and marketing staff knowledgeable with respect to the regulatory constraints upon marketing in this field.

 

Our marketing strategy is designed to expand relationships with existing participants through the provision of value-added products and services, technology support and product information, as well as to attract new participants, including those in markets and geographic areas where we do not currently have a strong presence. We also seek to build brand awareness and promote greater public understanding of our business, including how our technology can improve current approaches to price discovery and risk management in the energy markets.

 

We use a cross-promotional sales and marketing team for our futures and OTC businesses. We believe this approach is consistent with, and will provide more effective support of, the underlying emphasis of our business model — an open architecture with flexibility that allows us to anticipate and respond rapidly to customers and evolving trends in the markets for commodities trading, while maintaining separate markets on a regulatory basis.

 

We typically pursue our marketing goals through a combination of on-line promotion through our website, third party websites, e-mail, print advertising, one-on-one client relationship management and participation in trade shows and conferences. From time to time, we also provide commission rate discounts of limited duration to support new product launches. We participate in a number of domestic and international trade shows, conferences and seminars regarding futures, options on futures and OTC markets and other marketing events designed to inform market participants about our products.

 

Our marketing department designs materials, information and programs to educate market participants about our products and services. We seek to educate these users about changes in product design, margin requirements and product usage. Our sales and marketing effort typically involves the development of personal relationships with market participants who actively use our markets to ensure that our product and service offerings are based on their needs.

Employees

 

As of December 31, 2008, we had a total of 795 employees, with 216 employees at our headquarters in Atlanta, 360 in New York, 158 in London and a total of 61 employees in our Winnipeg, Houston, Chicago, Singapore and Calgary offices.

 

Business Continuity Planning and Disaster Recovery

 

We maintain comprehensive business continuity and disaster recovery plans and facilities to provide continuous availability in the event of a business disruption or disaster.

 

Planning

 

We maintain incident and crisis management plans that address how we would respond to a crisis event at any of our locations world wide. We are committed to continuously understanding and evaluating business risks and their impact on operations, providing training to employees and performing exercises to validate the effectiveness of our plans by participating in industry sponsored disaster recovery and business continuity exercises. We have invested in technology that will allow us to manage incidents, track results and continuously update our plans.

 

Data Centers

 

We use a remote data center to provide a point of redundancy for our trading technology. Our back-up facility fully replicates our primary data center and is designed to ensure the uninterrupted operation of our electronic platform’s functionality in the face of external threats, unforeseen disasters or internal failures. In the event of an emergency, participants connecting to our electronic platform would be rerouted automatically to the back-up facility. Our primary data center continuously collects and saves all trade information and periodically transmits it to our back-up facility. For that reason, we expect that our disaster recovery system would have current, and in most cases real-time, information in the event of a platform outage. In the event that we were required to complete a changeover to our back-up disaster facility, we anticipate that our platform would experience less than three hours of down time. Our primary data center is currently located in Chicago, Illinois. We currently maintain a disaster recovery hot-site in a secure Tier-4 data center in Atlanta, Georgia.

 

People

 

Office facilities are protected against physical unavailability via our incident management plans. Dedicated business continuity facilities in Atlanta, New York and London are maintained for employee relocation in the event that a main office is unavailable. Incident management plans place a priority on the protection of our employees.

 

Regulation

 

We are primarily subject to the jurisdiction of regulatory agencies in the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. With respect to the ICE Futures Europe products, we have permission to allow screen based access to our platform from 56 jurisdictions. With respect to the ICE Futures U.S. products, we have permission to allow screen based access to our platform from 26 jurisdictions. With respect to the ICE Futures Canada products, we have permission from Canada (except Quebec), and the United States and are able to facilitate trading under a statutory exemption in the United Kingdom. In light of recent events in the broader financial markets, we anticipate that our markets will continue to be the subject of enhanced legislative and regulatory scrutiny. We expect additional regulatory and legislative changes in our markets and some of these changes could adversely affect our business. Please refer to the “Risk Factors” section below for a description of these regulatory and legislative risks and uncertainties.

Regulation of Our OTC Business in the United States

 

We operate our OTC energy electronic platform as an exempt commercial market under the Commodity Exchange Act and regulations of the CFTC. The CFTC generally oversees, but does not currently substantively regulate, the trading of OTC energy derivative contracts on our platform. Each of our OTC participants must qualify as eligible commercial entities, as defined by the Commodity Exchange Act, and each participant must trade for its own account, as a principal. Eligible commercial entities include entities with at least $10 million in assets that incur risks (other than price risk) relating to a particular commodity or have a demonstrable ability to make or take delivery of that commodity, as well as entities that regularly purchase or sell commodities or related contracts that are either (i) funds offered to participants that do not meet specified sophistication standards that have (or are part of a group of funds that collectively have) at least $1 billion in assets, or (ii) other types of entities that have, or are part of a group that has, at least $100 million in assets. We have also obtained orders from the CFTC permitting us to treat floor brokers and floor traders on U.S. exchanges and ICE Futures Europe as eligible commercial entities, subject to their meeting certain requirements. As an exempt commercial market, we are required to comply with access, reporting and record-keeping requirements of the CFTC. Our OTC energy business is not otherwise currently subject to substantive regulation by the CFTC or other U.S. regulatory authorities. However, both the CFTC and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, or FERC, have view only access to our trading screens on a real-time basis. In addition, we are required to:

 

 

In May 2008, Congress passed legislation to increase regulation of OTC markets as part of the Farm Bill. The legislation requires that OTC electronic trading facilities assume self regulatory responsibilities, such as market monitoring and establishing position limits or accountability limits, over contracts that serve a significant price discovery function. Presently, we believe that we would be required under the legislation to assume regulatory responsibilities over at least one OTC contract, the Henry Hub natural gas swap. In December 2008, the CFTC proposed rules to implement the legislation. In addition to the self regulatory responsibilities, the CFTC has proposed that OTC electronic trading facilities impose volume accountability limits on bilateral transactions, which could deter trading on our platform. In addition, we would incur additional costs in order to comply with new regulations in the OTC markets, although we do not believe that on a consolidated basis they are material. In addition, the legislation would require us to become a registrant of the CFTC, which could mean that we may have to pay a regulatory fee on each trade to a registered futures association.

 

Creditex is authorized and regulated by the FSA to operate the Creditex RealTime platform and facilitate the conclusion of transactions of credit derivative instruments and corporate bonds. It has FSA regulatory approval to deal as principal or agent. The Creditex platform is open to eligible counterparties and professional clients as defined by the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive. Creditex’s services are not available to retail consumers. T-Zero is also regulated by the FSA and authorized to provide services in the UK. In order to retain their status as FSA registered entities, Creditex and T-Zero are required to meet various regulatory requirements in the UK.

 

In addition, while trading in CDS is currently largely unregulated, a number of proposals have been made to impose various regulatory requirements or limitations on the trading of CDS. Currently, one bill before Congress would give jurisdiction over CDS to the SEC, while another proposed bill would give the CFTC jurisdiction and require all OTC derivatives, including CDS, to be traded on a regulated exchange. Finally, one bill has been proposed to ban market participants from engaging in a credit default swap transaction unless the participant owns the underlying bond. At this time, it is unclear whether any requirements or limitations will

be adopted with respect to CDS transactions or, if so, what the scope or content will be. However, the adoption of any regulatory requirements or limitations could adversely affect our CDS business.

 

Regulation of Our ICE Futures Europe and Other U.K. Businesses

 

In the United Kingdom, we also engage in a variety of activities related to our business through subsidiary entities that are subject to regulation by the U.K.’s FSA. ICE Futures Europe is recognized as a U.K. investment exchange and ICE Clear Europe is recognized as a U.K. clearing house by the FSA in accordance with the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, or FSMA. As such, ICE Futures Europe maintains front-line regulatory responsibility for its markets. In order to retain their status as U.K. Recognised Bodies, ICE Futures Europe and ICE Clear Europe are required to meet various legislative and regulatory requirements. Failure to comply with these requirements could subject ICE Futures Europe or ICE Clear Europe to significant penalties, including de-recognition.

 

Further, we engage in sales and marketing activities in relation to our OTC business through our subsidiary ICE Markets Limited, or ICE Markets, which is authorized and regulated by the FSA as an arranger of deals in investments and as an agency broker.

 

The regulatory framework in relation to ICE Futures Europe’s status as a recognized investment exchange is supplemented by a series of legislative provisions regulating the conduct of participants in the regulated market. Importantly, FSMA contains provisions making it an offense for participants to engage in certain market behavior and prohibits market abuse through the misuse of information, the giving of false or misleading impressions or the creation of market distortions. Breaches of those provisions give rise to the risk of sanctions, including financial penalties. It should be noted that under FSMA ICE Futures Europe is a recognized investment exchange, and ICE Clear Europe is a recognized clearing house, enjoy statutory immunity in respect of any claims for damages brought against them relating to any actions undertaken (or in respect of any action they have failed to take) in good faith, in the discharge of their regulatory functions.

 

The Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (Directive 2004/39/EC) came into force on November 1, 2007, and introduced a harmonized approach to the licensing of services relating to commodity derivatives across the European Economic Area. The legislation also imposed greater regulatory burdens on E.U.-based operators of regulated markets, alternative trading systems and authorized firms in the commodity derivatives area. The legislation also introduced the concept of a pan-European “passport” allowing ICE Futures Europe to offer services in all European Economic Area member states in which our participants are based on the basis of UK regulation. This legislation is consistent with other initiatives introduced to provide a more harmonized approach to European regulation, for example, the Market Abuse Directive (Directive 2003/06/EC) which came into force in October 2004 introducing a specific prohibition against insider dealing in commodity derivative products.

 

In June 2008, the CFTC modified ICE Futures Europe’s “no action” letter to require ICE Futures Europe to adopt position limits and position accountability levels for its energy contracts for products with U.S. delivery points or which reference the settlement price of a U.S. designated contract market. The modification to the no action letter also required ICE Futures Europe to provide additional trading information to the CFTC to permit the CFTC to incorporate such information into its large trader reporting system. The products impacted include ICE Futures Europe’s WTI crude oil contract, its RBOB gasoline contract, and its New York Harbor heating oil contract. ICE Futures Europe has complied with reporting obligations of the no action letter, and instituted position limits on the applicable contracts beginning with January 2009 expiry.

 

Regulation of Our ICE Futures U.S. Business

 

ICE Futures U.S.’s operations are subject to extensive regulation by the CFTC under the Commodity Exchange Act. The Commodity Exchange Act generally requires that futures trading conducted in the United States be conducted on a commodity exchange designated as a contract market by the CFTC. It also establishes non-financial criteria for an exchange to be designated to list futures and options contracts. Designation as a contract market for the trading of futures contracts is non-exclusive. This means that the CFTC may designate other exchanges as contract markets for trading in the same or similar contracts. As a

designated contract market, ICE Futures U.S. is a self-regulatory organization that has instituted detailed rules and procedures to comply with the “core principles” applicable to it under the Commodity Exchange Act. ICE Futures U.S. also has surveillance and compliance operations and procedures to monitor and enforce compliance with its rules, and ICE Futures U.S. is periodically audited by the CFTC with respect to the fulfillment of its self-regulatory programs in these areas. The cost of regulatory compliance is substantial.

 

Regulation of Our ICE Futures Canada Business

 

ICE Futures Canada’s operations are subject to extensive regulation by the Manitoba Securities Commission, or MSC, under the CFA. The CFA requires that an organization must be recognized and registered before it can carry on the business of a futures exchange. It establishes financial and non-financial criteria for an exchange. Registration and recognition under the CFA is non-exclusive. This means that the MSC may recognize and register additional exchanges as futures exchanges for trading in the same or similar contracts. In addition, ICE Futures Canada is also recognized by the MSC as a self-regulatory organization and is required to institute and maintain detailed rules and procedures to fulfill its obligations. ICE Futures Canada also has surveillance and compliance operations and procedures to monitor and enforce compliance by market participants with its rules, and ICE Futures Canada is under the audit jurisdiction of the MSC with respect to these self-regulatory functions. ICE Futures Canada has a significant number of trading terminals in the United States for which it has received a no action letter. The no action letter requires it to comply with the requirements of the CFTC including making regular filings. The cost of regulatory compliance is substantial.

 

Industry Overview

 

The derivatives and commodities markets include trading in both physical commodities contracts and derivative instruments — instruments that derive their value from an underlying commodity or index — across a wide variety of products. Derivative instruments provide a means for hedging price risk, asset allocation, speculation or arbitrage. Contracts for physical commodities allow counterparties to contract for the delivery of the underlying physical asset.

 

Trading in futures, options on futures, and OTC products offers a way to protect against — and potentially profit from — price changes in financial instruments and physical commodities. Futures contracts are standardized agreements to buy or sell a commodity or financial product at a specified price in the future. The buyer and seller of a futures contract agree on a price today for a product to be delivered or settled and paid for in the future. Each contract specifies the quantity of the product and the time of delivery or payment. An option on a futures contract is the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a futures contract at a specified price on or before a certain expiration date. In the OTC markets, swap contracts are the primary instrument used to reduce or gain exposure to price movements related to a commodity or financial product. Swap contracts are typically less standardized than futures contracts, and are typically financially settled against either a futures contract price or an index price in order to hedge against or gain exposure to commodity price fluctuations. Our customer base includes professional traders, financial institutions, institutional and individual investors, corporations, manufacturers, commodity producers and refiners, and governmental bodies.

 

The Futures Market

 

A futures exchange typically operates as an auction market, where trading is conducted either on an electronic platform or on an open-outcry trading floor. In an auction market, prices are established publicly by participants posting bids, or buying indications, and offers, or indications to sell. A futures exchange offers trading of standardized contracts and provides access to a centralized clearing system. Commodity futures exchanges are regulated in the United States by the CFTC. Commodity futures exchanges are regulated in the United Kingdom by the FSA and in Canada by the MSC. In a typical futures market, participants can trade two types of instruments:

 

 

 

All futures contracts and options on futures contracts are cleared through a clearing house, acting as a central counterparty. Clearing is the procedure by which the counterparty risk for each futures and options contract traded on an exchange or OTC market is managed by a central counterparty which stands as buyer to every seller and seller to every buyer usually using an open offer or novation contractual mechanic. By interposing itself between the member firm parties of every trade, the clearing house guarantees each member firm party’s performance, and eliminates the need to evaluate counterparty credit risk. FCMs function, in turn, as intermediaries between market participants and a clearing house. In effect, the clearing house takes on the counterparty credit risk of the FCM, and the FCM assumes the credit risk of each of its client market participants, which is partially offset by capital held by the FCM with respect to each of its client market participants.

 

The OTC Market

 

Over-the-counter, or OTC, is a term used to describe traded products that are not listed on a futures exchange as standardized contracts. In this market, market participants have historically entered into negotiated, bilateral contracts, although in recent years participants have begun to take advantage of cleared OTC contracts that, like futures contracts, are standardized and cleared through a central clearing house.

 

In contrast to the limited number of futures contracts available for trading on futures exchanges, participants in the OTC markets have the ability to trade both standardized and customized contracts, where counterparties can specify contract terms, such as the underlying commodity, delivery date and location, term and contract size. Furthermore, while exchanges typically limit their hours of operation and restrict direct trading access to a limited number of exchange members, OTC markets typically operate around the clock and tend to have regulatory requirements on market participation. Our electronic OTC energy markets operate seven days a week for 23 hours per day.

 

Financially- or cash-settled OTC contracts are classified as derivatives — meaning that the contract is settled through cash payments based on the value of the underlying commodity, rather than through physical delivery of the commodity. Physical contracts provide for settlement through physical delivery of the underlying commodity. Physical contracts may be entered into for either immediate delivery of a commodity, in the cash or “spot” market, or for delivery of a commodity at a specified time in the future, in the “forward” market. Forward contract prices are generally based on the spot market prices of the underlying commodity, since long-term contracts evolve into short-term contracts over time.

 

Industry Trends

 

We believe that the increasing interest in derivatives trading is being driven primarily by the following key factors:

 

 

 

Available Information

 

Our principal executive offices are located at 2100 RiverEdge Parkway, Suite 500, Atlanta, Georgia 30328. Our main telephone number is (770) 857-4700.

 

We are required to file reports and other information with the SEC. A copy of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as any future Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to such reports are, or will be, available free of charge, on the Internet at the Company’s website (http:// www.theice.com ) as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such reports with, or furnish such reports to, the SEC. A copy of these filings is also available at the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov) . The reference to our website address does not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained on the website and should not be considered part of this report. Our reports, excluding exhibits, are also available free of charge by mail upon written request to our Secretary at the address listed above. You may read and copy any documents filed by ICE at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the Public Reference Room.

 

In addition, we have posted on our website the charters for our (i) Audit Committee, (ii) Compensation Committee and (iii) Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, as well as our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which includes our Whistleblower Hotline information, Board of Directors Governance Principles and Board Communication Policy and Governance Hotline. We will provide a copy of these documents without charge to stockholders upon request.

 

Risks Relating to Our Business

 

We face intense competition that could materially and adversely affect our business. If we are not able to compete successfully, our business will be adversely impacted.

 

We face intense competition in all aspects of our business. If we are not able to compete successfully our business could be materially impacted, including our ability to survive. We believe competition in our industry is based on a number of important factors including, but not limited to, market liquidity, transparency, technology advancements, platform speed and reliability, new product offerings, pricing and risk management capabilities.

 

The industry in which we operate is highly competitive and we expect competition to continue to intensify in the future. Our current competitors, both domestically and internationally, are numerous. While we have achieved success in recent years in growing our business and diversifying, there are routinely new market entrants that provide various challenges to the markets that we operate. Additionally, merger and acquisition activity in the industry remains robust, rendering some competitors significantly larger than us with greater capital resources. Numerous entities have made recent announcements to enhance their existing electronic derivative trading capabilities or to launch new derivative trading platforms. Several of these firms have applied for and received regulatory approval to begin operations.

 

We currently compete with:

 

 

The global derivatives industry has grown more competitive due to increasing consolidation and evolving markets. Competition in the market for derivatives trading has intensified in connection with the increase in electronic trading platforms and the desire by existing exchanges to diversify their product base, which could negatively impact our trading volumes and profitability.

 

Conditions in global financial markets may adversely affect our trading volumes and market liquidity and may put the funds of our clearing houses at risk.

 

Our business is primarily transaction-based, and declines in trading volumes and market liquidity would adversely affect our business and profitability. Recently, global financial markets have experienced significant and adverse conditions, including a freezing of credit, substantially increased volatility, outflows of customer funds and investments, losses resulting from declining asset values, defaults on loans and reduced liquidity. These events have resulted in the failure of certain financial services firms, have led other firms to seek mergers with commercial banks and have led other firms to become regulated bank holding companies. Many of the financial services firms that have been adversely impacted by the financial crisis are active participants in our markets. The trading volumes in our markets could decline substantially if our market participants reduce their level of trading activity for any reason, such as:

 

 

 

A reduction in our overall trading volume could also render our markets less attractive to market participants as a source of liquidity and could result in further loss of trading volume and associated transaction-based revenues. Accordingly, any reduction in trading volumes or market liquidity could have a material adverse affect on our business and financial results.

 

Further, our clearing houses maintain funds with various banks and if one or more of these banks fail, our clearing houses may be at risk to cover the amounts that were on deposit with the failed bank. The amounts that our clearing houses have on deposit with third party banks at any time may be substantial and there is no assurance that the clearing houses will be able to recover the full amount of such deposits or that, in circumstances where clearing houses have not recovered the full amount of such deposits, they will be able to cover the amounts required to settle transactions and continue their operations. The default of a bank that holds deposits from our clearing houses could cause our customers to lose confidence in our markets and the ability of our clearing houses to continue to act as central counterparties, which would have a material adverse affect on our trading markets and our business as a whole.

 

Our business is primarily transaction-based, and declines in trading volumes and market liquidity for any reason would adversely affect our business and profitability.

 

We earn transaction fees for transactions executed and cleared in our markets and from the provision of electronic trade confirmation services. We derived 85.3%, 85.4% and 87.2% of our consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, from our transaction-based business.

 

The success of our business depends on our ability to maintain and increase our trading volumes and the resulting transaction fees. Any decline in our trading volumes in the short-term or long-term for any reason will negatively impact our transaction fees and, therefore, our revenues. Accordingly, the occurrence of any event that reduces the amount of transaction fees we receive, which may result from declines in trading volumes or market liquidity, reductions in commission rates, regulatory changes, rebates to customers, competition or otherwise, would have a significant impact on our operating results and profitability.

 

Our business depends in large part on volatility in commodity prices generally and energy markets in particular.

 

Participants in the markets for energy, soft agricultural and agricultural commodities trading pursue a range of trading strategies. While some participants trade in order to satisfy physical consumption needs, others seek to hedge contractual price risk or take speculative or arbitrage positions, seeking returns from price movements in different markets. Trading volume is driven primarily by the degree of volatility — the magnitude and frequency of fluctuations — in prices of commodities. Volatility increases the need to hedge contractual price risk and creates opportunities for speculative or arbitrage trading. Commodities markets historically have experienced significant price volatility and in recent years reached record levels. We cannot predict whether this pattern will continue, or for how long, or if this trend will reverse itself. Were there to be a sustained period of stability in the prices of commodities, we could experience lower trading volumes, slower growth or even declines in revenues.

 

Factors that are particularly likely to affect price volatility and price levels, and thus trading volumes, include:

 

 

 

Any one or more of these factors may reduce price volatility or price levels in the markets for derivatives trading generally and for commodity products in particular. Any reduction in price volatility or price levels could reduce trading activity in those markets, including in our markets. Moreover, any reduction in trading activity could reduce liquidity — the ability to find ready buyers and sellers at current prices — which in turn could further discourage existing and potential market participants and thus accelerate any decline in the level of trading activity in these markets. In these circumstances, the markets with the highest trading volumes, and therefore the most liquidity, would likely have a growing competitive advantage over other markets. This could put us at a greater disadvantage relative to our principal competitor and other competitors, whose markets are larger and more established than ours.

 

We cannot predict whether or when these unfavorable conditions may arise in the future or, if they occur, how long or severely they will affect trading volumes. A significant decline in our trading volumes due to reduced volatility, lower prices or any other factor, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues since our transaction fees would decline and on our profitability since our revenues would decline faster than our expenses, some of which are fixed. Moreover, if these unfavorable conditions were to persist over a lengthy period of time and trading volumes were to decline substantially and for a long enough period, the liquidity of our markets, and the critical mass of transaction volume necessary to support viable markets, could be jeopardized.

 

Our revenues depend heavily upon trading volume in the markets for ICE Brent Crude, ICE WTI Crude and ICE Gas Oil futures contracts; OTC North American natural gas and power contracts; sugar futures and options on sugar futures contracts; Russell Index futures and options on Russell Indexes; and Creditex brokerage transactions. A decline in volume or in our market share in these contracts would jeopardize our ability to remain profitable and grow.

 

Our revenues currently depend heavily on trading volume in the markets for ICE Brent Crude futures contracts, ICE WTI Crude futures contracts, ICE Gas Oil futures contracts, sugar futures and options on sugar futures contracts, OTC North American natural gas contracts, OTC North American power contracts, Russell Index futures and options on the Russell Indexes contracts, and Creditex brokerage transactions. Trading in these contracts in the aggregate has represented 76.2% of our consolidated revenues for the fourth quarter of 2008 and 73.9% for the year ended December 31, 2008.

 

Our trading volume or market share in these markets may decline due to a number of factors, including:

 

 

A decline in trading volume would have a negative impact on our operating results and profitability.

 

A decline in the production of commodities traded in our markets could reduce our liquidity and adversely affect our revenues and profitability.

 

We derived 84.4%, 84.3% and 86.1% of our consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, from exchange, commission and clearing fees generated from trading in commodity products in our futures and OTC markets. The volume of contracts traded in the futures and OTC markets for any specific commodity tends to be a multiple of the physical production of that commodity. If the physical supply or production of any commodity declines, market participants could become less willing to trade in contracts based on that commodity. For example, the ICE Brent Crude futures contract has been subject to this risk as production of Brent crude oil peaked in 1984 and began steadily falling in subsequent years. We, in consultation with market participants, altered the mechanism for settlement of ICE Brent Crude futures contract to a mechanism based on the Brent/Forties/Oseberg North Sea oil fields, known as the BFO Index, to ensure that the commodity prices on which its settlement price is based reflect a large enough pool of traders and trading activity so as to be less susceptible to manipulation. Market participants that trade in ICE Brent Crude futures may determine in the future, however, that additional underlying commodity products need to be considered in the settlement of that contract or that the settlement mechanism is not credible.

 

For example, exchange fees earned from trading in the ICE Brent Crude futures contract accounted for 46.6%, 47.6% and 50.5% of our total revenues from our energy futures business, net of intersegment fees, for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, or 11.4%, 15.2% and 20.4% of our consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Any uncertainty concerning the settlement of the ICE Brent Crude futures contract, or a decline in the physical supply or production of any other commodity on which our trading products are based, could result in a decline in trading volumes in our markets, adversely affecting our revenues and profitability.

 

We intend to explore acquisition opportunities and strategic alliances relating to other businesses, products or technologies. We may not be successful in identifying opportunities or integrating other businesses, products or technologies successfully with our business. Any such transaction also may not produce the results we anticipate.

 

We intend to continue to explore and pursue acquisition and other opportunities to strengthen our business and grow our company. We may enter into business combination transactions, make acquisitions or enter into strategic partnerships, joint ventures or alliances, any of which may be material. We may enter into these transactions to acquire other businesses, products or technologies to expand our products and services, advance our technology or take advantage of new developments and potential changes in the industry.

 

The market for acquisition targets and strategic alliances is highly competitive, particularly in light of increasing consolidation in the exchange sector. As a result, we may be unable to identify strategic opportunities or we may be unable to negotiate or finance any future acquisition successfully. Further, our competitors could merge, making it more difficult for us to find appropriate entities to acquire or merge with and making it more difficult to compete in our industry due to the increased resources of our merged competitors. If we are required to raise capital by incurring additional debt or issuing additional equity for any reason in connection with a strategic acquisition or investment, we cannot assure that any such financing will be available or that the terms of such financing will be favorable to us.

 

The process of integration may produce unforeseen regulatory and operating difficulties and expenditures and may divert the attention of management from the ongoing operation of our business. Further, as a result of any future acquisition, we may issue additional shares of our common stock that dilute shareholders’ ownership interest in us, expend cash, incur debt, assume contingent liabilities or create additional expenses related to amortizing intangible assets with estimable useful lives, any of which could harm our business, financial condition or results of operations and negatively impact our stock price.

We may fail to realize the anticipated cost savings, growth opportunities and synergies and other benefits anticipated from our mergers and acquisitions or investments, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.

 

We completed multiple acquisitions and strategic investments in 2007 and 2008, including transactions with NYBOT (ICE Futures U.S.), Winnipeg Commodity Exchange, Inc. (ICE Futures Canada), Chatham Energy Partners, LLC, ChemConnect Inc., Commoditrack, Inc, National Commodity Derivatives Exchange Limited (NCDEX), YellowJacket Software, Inc. and Creditex Group, Inc. The success of our mergers and acquisitions will depend, in part, on our ability to realize the anticipated synergies and growth opportunities from combining the businesses, as well as our expected cost savings and revenue growth trends. In general, we expect to benefit from operational synergies resulting from the consolidation of capabilities and elimination of redundancies in our mergers and acquisitions.

 

Integration of companies acquired by us is complex and time consuming, and requires substantial resources and effort. We must successfully combine the businesses in a manner that permits the expected cost savings and synergies to be realized. In addition, we must achieve the anticipated savings and synergies without adversely affecting current revenues and our investments in future growth. The integration process and other disruptions resulting from the mergers or acquisitions may also disrupt each company’s ongoing businesses or cause inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies that adversely affect our relationships with market participants, employees, regulators and others with whom we have business or other dealings or our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the merger or acquisition. When we expand our product offering through a merger or acquisition, we may need to introduce our trading platform to customers that have historically conducted business by telephone or on a different exchange. The process of transitioning customers to our electronic platform can be time consuming and expensive and if not ultimately accepted, could substantially impair or render worthless the assets we acquired through the merger or acquisition. In addition, difficulties in integrating the businesses or any negative impact on the regulatory functions of any of our companies could harm the reputation of the companies. We may not successfully achieve the integration objectives, and we may not realize the anticipated cost savings, revenue growth and synergies in full or at all, or it may take longer to realize them than expected.

 

In addition, we may not realize anticipated growth opportunities and other benefits from strategic investments we have made and may make in the future for a number of reasons, including regulatory or government approvals or changes and, in some instances, our lack of or limited control over the management business, such as NCDEX. If we fail to successfully integrate an acquired business, or if the reason we acquired or invested in a business is materially impacted, we may be required to take an impairment charge on our financial statements, which could negatively impact our stock price.

 

Our cost structure is largely fixed. If our revenues decline and we are unable to reduce our costs, or if our expenses increase without a corresponding increase in revenues, our profitability will be adversely affected.

 

Our cost structure is largely fixed and we expect that it will continue to be largely fixed in the foreseeable future. We base our expectations of our cost structure on historical and expected levels of demand for our products and services as well as our fixed operating infrastructure, such as computer hardware and software, leases, hosting facilities and security and staffing levels. If demand for our current products and services declines, our revenues will decline. If demand for future products that we acquire or license is not to the level necessary to offset the cost of the acquisition or license, our net income would decline. For example, we have incurred significant costs to secure the exclusive license with the Russell Investment Group for listing Russell’s index futures, the costs of which will be amortized over the next several years. If our clearing and execution fees for the Russell index futures is not sufficient to offset the amortization costs, our net income will decrease. We may not be able to adjust our cost structure, at all or on a timely basis, to counteract a decrease in revenue or net income, which would result in an adverse impact on our profitability.

Owning clearing houses exposes us to risks, including the risk of defaults by our participants clearing trades through our clearing houses, risks regarding investing the funds in the guaranty fund and held as security for original margin, and risks related to the cost of operating the clearing houses.

 

Operating clearing houses requires material ongoing expenditures and exposes us to various risks. We cannot assure you that our clearing arrangements will be satisfactory to our participants or will not require additional substantial system modifications to accommodate them in the future. Our operation of clearing houses may not be as successful and may not provide us the benefits we anticipate. In addition, our operation of these clearing houses may not generate sufficient revenues to cover the expenses we incur.

 

There are risks inherent in operating a clearing house, including exposure to the market and counterparty risk of clearing members, defaults by clearing members and providing a return to the clearing members on the funds invested by the clearing houses, which could subject our business to substantial losses. For example, clearing members have placed an aggregate of cash in ICE Clear Europe relating to margin requirements and funding the guaranty fund that exceeded $10 billion as of December 31, 2008. These funds are swept and invested daily by JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. in accordance with our clearing house investment guidelines. ICE Clear Europe has an obligation to return margin payments and guaranty fund contributions to clearing members once the relevant clearing member’s exposure to the clearing house no longer exists, and further to provide an interest yield to clearing members in respect of margin and guaranty fund contributions lodged with the clearing house. If the investment principal amount decreases in value, ICE Clear Europe will be liable for the shortfall.

 

Although our clearing houses have policies and procedures to help ensure that clearing members can satisfy their obligations, such policies and procedures may not succeed in preventing losses after a counterparty’s default. We also have in place or plan to establish, as appropriate, various measures intended to enable our clearing houses to cover any default and maintain liquidity, such as deposits in a guaranty fund. However, we cannot assure you that these measures and safeguards will be sufficient to protect us from a default or that we will not be materially and adversely affected in the event of a significant default. Additionally, the default of any one of the clearing members could subject our business to substantial losses and cause our customers to lose confidence in the guarantee of our clearing houses.

 

The derivatives and energy commodities trading industry has been and continues to be subject to increased legislative and regulatory scrutiny, and we face the risk of changes to our regulatory environment in the future, which may diminish trading volumes on our electronic platform.

 

Providing facilities to trade financial derivatives and energy products is one of our core businesses. In 2008, given the high price of energy, crude oil and other commodities, the U.S. Congress held numerous hearings regarding the proper regulation of energy trading and, in particular, the potential impact of speculation on energy prices. In addition, the U.K.’s Treasury Select Committee has also held a hearing on this issue. In addition, hearings were held on the role that financial derivatives may have played in the broader financial market crisis. There are currently legislative proposals outstanding, and additional bills may be introduced in the future, that target futures and OTC market participants. In the U.S. Congress, legislative proposals have recently been introduced that would (1) eliminate the OTC bilateral market by forcing OTC trades to be cleared; and/or (2) eliminate derivatives trading except for trading on futures exchanges. Finally, we anticipate that the U.S. Congress and the President will propose major changes to the financial regulatory system. These changes could include merging the CFTC and SEC, a merger of financial regulators into a “super” regulator similar to the UK’s Financial Service Authority, or the creation of new regulatory body or bodies that would regulate by activity, not product.

 

Further, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 has given the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, additional authority to investigate and prosecute manipulation in the petroleum markets. In August 2008, the FTC released a proposed rule stating that it would exercise its authority in the petroleum futures markets, which would include participants on ICE Futures Europe and our OTC markets. The standard of proof relating to manipulation proposed by the FTC is less stringent than the standard currently used by the CFTC and could deter participants from our markets.

We currently operate our OTC markets as an “exempt commercial market” under the Commodity Exchange Act. As such, our markets are subject to anti-fraud, anti-manipulation, access, reporting and record-keeping requirements of the CFTC. However, unlike a futures exchange, we are not a self regulatory organization that undertakes regulatory oversight of OTC trading. In May 2008, Congress passed legislation as part of the Farm Bill to increase regulation of OTC markets. The new legislation requires and grants authority to OTC electronic trading facilities to assume self regulatory responsibilities, such as market monitoring and establishing position limits or accountability levels, over contracts that serve a significant price discovery function. This legislation requires us and our OTC participants to operate under heightened regulatory burdens and incur additional costs, including recordkeeping and reporting costs, to comply with the additional regulations, and could deter some participants from trading on our OTC platform. In December 2008, the CFTC proposed rules to implement the Farm Bill. In addition to requirements outlined by the Farm Bill, the proposed rules would require the exempt commercial market to impose limits on bilateral trades executed on our platform. This could provide an incentive for market participants to execute these transactions off exchange. Our OTC Henry Hub natural gas contract, which comprised 75.2%, 73.4%, and 81.6% of our OTC energy transaction volumes and 24.9%, 21.4%, and 30.1% of our consolidated revenues in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively, would be considered a “significant price discovery contract.” It is possible that the CFTC will deem additional OTC contracts traded in our markets to be “significant price discovery contracts.” One bill currently pending in the U.S. Congress could, if enacted, subject our OTC markets to a level of regulation identical or comparable to that of regulated exchanges.

 

Further, allegations of manipulative trading by market participants or the failure of industry participants could subject us, our markets or our industry to regulatory scrutiny, possible fines or restrictions, as well as significant legal expenses and adverse publicity. These changes, if enacted, and increased regulation regarding commodity prices, market participants or the OTC and futures markets generally could materially adversely affect our business by limiting the amount of trading that is conducted in our markets.

 

We are currently subject to regulation in multiple jurisdictions. Failure to comply with existing regulatory requirements, and possible future changes in these requirements or in the current interpretation of these requirements, could adversely affect our business.

 

ICE Futures Europe, through which we conduct our energy futures business, operates as a Recognized Investment Exchange in the United Kingdom. As a Recognized Investment Exchange, ICE Futures Europe has regulatory responsibility in its own right and is subject to supervision by the FSA pursuant to the FSMA. ICE Futures Europe is required under the FSMA to maintain sufficient financial resources, adequate systems and controls and effective arrangements for monitoring and disciplining its members. Likewise, ICE Futures U.S. operates as a Designated Contract Market. As a self-regulatory organization, it is responsible for ensuring that the exchange operates in accordance with existing rules and regulations, and must comply with eighteen core principles under the Commodity Exchange Act. The ability of ICE Futures Europe and ICE Futures U.S. to comply with all applicable laws and rules is largely dependent on its maintenance of compliance, surveillance, audit and reporting systems. We cannot assure you that these systems and procedures are fully effective. Failure to comply with current regulatory requirements and regulatory requirements that may be imposed on us in the future could subject us to significant penalties, including termination of our ability to conduct our regulated energy futures business through ICE Futures Europe and our regulated soft commodities business through ICE Futures U.S.

 

Electronic trading in our energy futures contracts on ICE Futures Europe is permitted in many jurisdictions around the world, including in the United States, through “no action” relief from the local jurisdiction’s regulator. In the United States, direct electronic access to trading in ICE Futures Europe products is offered to U.S. persons based on a series of no action letters from the CFTC that permit non-U.S. exchanges, referred to as foreign boards of trade, to provide U.S. persons with electronic access to their markets without registration with the CFTC as a U.S. regulated exchange. Our ability to offer our current and new futures products under our existing no action relief could be impacted by any actions taken by the CFTC as a result of additional conditions being imposed on ICE Futures Europe under its no action relief. In addition, certain of the bills pending before the U.S. Congress would, if enacted, either eliminate the no action relief granted to

ICE Futures Europe and other non-U.S. exchanges, or impose additional regulatory and reporting requirements as a condition for the continuation of such relief. One bill has been proposed in the U.S. Congress that could require ICE Futures Europe to place lower position limits on energy contracts linked to settlement prices of a U.S. designated contract market than the U.S. designated contract market itself imposes. If our offering of products through ICE Futures Europe to U.S. participants is subject to additional regulatory constraints, our business could be adversely affected.

 

Similarly, electronic trading in ICE Futures U.S. contracts is permitted in many jurisdictions through “no action” relief from the local jurisdiction’s regulatory requirements. With the end of open outcry trading of ICE Futures U.S. agricultural futures contracts in February 2008, the ability of ICE Futures U.S. to offer trading in these futures products in multiple jurisdictions will be dependent upon its ability to comply with the existing conditions of its no action relief in various jurisdictions and any new conditions that may be added.

 

New legislation, regulations or enforcement may require us to allocate more resources to regulatory compliance and oversight and may diminish confidence in our markets, which would adversely affect our business. Current legislative and regulatory requirements and new initiatives, either in the United States, the United Kingdom or elsewhere, could affect one or more of the following aspects of our business or impose one or more of the following requirements:

 

 

The implementation of new legislation or regulations, or changes in or unfavorable interpretations of existing regulations by courts or regulatory bodies, could require us to incur significant compliance costs and impede our ability to operate, expand and enhance our electronic platform as necessary to remain competitive and grow our business. Regulatory changes inside or outside the United States or the United Kingdom could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Legislative or regulatory changes regarding the operation of clearing facilities or preventing them from being owned or controlled by exchanges may prevent us from realizing the economic benefits of operating our clearing house.

 

Many clearing firms have emphasized the importance to them of centralizing clearing of futures contracts and options on futures contracts to maximize the efficient use of their capital, exercise greater control over their

value at risk and extract greater operating leverage from clearing activities. Many clearing firms have expressed the view that clearing firms should have a choice of where to clear their transactions or should control the governance of clearing houses. In addition, some clearing firms have expressed the view that multiple clearing houses should be consolidated and operated as utilities rather than as for-profit enterprises. Some clearing firms, along with the Futures Industry Association and U.K. Futures and Options Associations, have attempted to cause legislative or regulatory changes to be adopted that would allow market participants to transfer positions from an exchange-owned clearing house (such as ICE Clear Europe) to a to a non-exchange owned clearinghouse model. Some market participants, including the U.K. Futures and Options Association, have expressed support for extending the European Union Code of Clearing and Conduct to derivatives, which would mandate clearing choices for customers through interoperability. In addition, the U.S. Department of Justice released comments on February 7, 2008 requesting the U.S. Department of Treasury to review futures markets to determine if a different regime for clearing is feasible, which could include ending exchange control of financial futures clearing to foster exchange competition. The Department of Justice comments specifically excluded markets for commodity futures, such as energy and agricultural futures markets. In addition, several Members of the U.S. Congress have advocated for higher margins on futures products, which could change the way we collect margin or operate the risk management functions of our clearing houses. If these legislative or regulatory changes are adopted, alternative clearing houses may seek to clear positions established on our exchanges. Even if they are not successful in their efforts, the factors described above may cause clearing firms to limit the use of our clearing houses. Finally, legislation has been proposed mandating that all derivatives be cleared by a clearing house, including transactions executed prior to the legislation’s passage. If clearing houses are compelled to take these trades, it could present a financial risk to the clearing houses we operate. If any of these events occur, our revenues and profits would be materially and adversely affected.

 

If we are unable to keep up with rapid changes in technology and participant preferences, we may not be able to compete effectively.

 

To remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality, accessibility and reliability of our electronic platform and our proprietary technology. The financial services industry is characterized by rapid technological change, change in use patterns, change in client preferences, frequent product and service introductions and the emergence of new industry standards and practices. These changes could render our existing proprietary technology uncompetitive or obsolete. Our ability to pursue our strategic objectives, including increasing trading volumes on our trading platforms, as well as our ability to continue to grow our business, will depend, in part, on our ability to:

 

 

We cannot assure you that we will successfully implement new technologies or adapt our proprietary technology to our participants’ requirements or emerging industry standards in a timely and cost-effective manner. Any failure to remain abreast of industry standards in technology and to be responsive to participant preferences could cause our market share to decline and negatively impact our profitability.

 

Our business may be harmed by computer and communications systems failures and delays.

 

We support and maintain many of the systems that comprise our electronic platform. Our failure to monitor or maintain these systems, or to find replacements for defective components within a system in a

timely and cost-effective manner when necessary, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. Although we fully replicate our primary data center, our redundant systems or disaster recovery plans may prove to be inadequate. Our systems, or those of our third party providers, may fail or be shutdown or, due to capacity constraints, may operate slowly, causing one or more of the following:

 

 

We could experience system failures due to power or telecommunications failures, human error on our part or on the part of our vendors or participants, natural disasters, fire, sabotage, hardware or software malfunctions or defects, computer viruses, intentional acts of vandalism or terrorism and similar events. In these instances, our disaster recovery plan may prove ineffective. If any one or more of these situations were to arise, they could result in damage to our business reputation, participant dissatisfaction with our electronic platform, prompting participants to trade elsewhere, or exposure to litigation or regulatory sanctions. As a consequence, our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer materially.

 

Our regulated business operations generally require that our trade execution and communications systems be able to handle anticipated present and future peak trading volume. Heavy use of computer systems during peak trading times or at times of unusual market volatility could cause those systems to operate slowly or even to fail for periods of time. However, we cannot assure you that our estimates of future trading volume will be accurate or that our systems will always be able to accommodate actual trading volume without failure or degradation of performance.

 

Our systems and those of our third party service providers may be vulnerable to security risks, which could result in wrongful use of our information, or which could make our participants reluctant to use our electronic platform.

 

We regard the secure transmission of confidential information on our electronic platform as a critical element of our operations. Our networks and those of our participants and our third party service providers, may, however, be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses, firewall or encryption failures and other security problems. We may be required to expend significant resources to protect our business and our participants against the threat of security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches. Although we intend to continue to implement industry standard security measures, we cannot assure you that those measures will be sufficient to protect our business against losses or any reduced trading volume incurred in our markets as a result of any significant security breaches on our platform.

 

Our operating results may be subject to significant fluctuations due to a number of factors.

 

A number of factors beyond our control may contribute to substantial fluctuations in our operating results. As a result of the factors described in the preceding risk factors, you will not be able to rely on our historical operating results in any particular period as an indication of our future performance. The commodities trading industry, and energy commodities trading in particular, has historically been subject to variability in trading volumes due primarily to several key factors. These factors include:

 

 

 

As a result of one or more of these factors, trading volumes in our markets could decline, possibly significantly, which would adversely affect our revenues derived from transaction fees. If we fail to meet securities analysts’ expectations regarding our operating performance, the price of our common stock could decline substantially.

 

Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may adversely affect our operating results.

 

The revenues, expenses and financial results of ICE Futures Europe and the other U.K. subsidiaries have historically been denominated in pounds sterling, which previously was the functional currency of our U.K. subsidiaries. We had foreign currency translation risk equal to our net investment in our U.K. subsidiaries. The financial statements of our U.K. subsidiaries were translated into U.S. dollars using current rates of exchange, with gains or losses included in the cumulative translation adjustment account, a component of shareholders’ equity. Effective as of July 1, 2006, the functional currency of the majority of our U.K. subsidiaries became the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of an entity is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates. The functional currency switched based on various economic factors and circumstances, including the fact that beginning in the second quarter of 2006, ICE Futures Europe began to charge and collect exchange fees in U.S. dollars rather than pounds sterling in its key futures contracts, including crude oil and heating oil contracts. We will no longer recognize any translation adjustments in the consolidated financial statements subsequent to June 30, 2006 for those U.K. subsidiaries that have switched their functional currency to the U.S. dollar.

 

In connection with our acquisition of ICE Futures Canada in August 2007 and Creditex in August 2008, we have foreign currency translation risk equal to our net investment in certain Canadian and U.K. subsidiaries. The revenues, expenses and financial results of these Canadian and U.K. subsidiaries are denominated in Canadian dollars or pounds sterling, which are the functional currencies of these subsidiaries. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using a current rate of exchange, with gains or losses included in the cumulative translation adjustment account, a component of shareholders’ equity. As of December 31, 2008, the portion of our shareholders’ equity attributable to accumulated other comprehensive income from foreign currency translation was $22.4 million. The period-end foreign currency exchange rate for the Canadian dollar to the U.S. dollar decreased from 1.0120 as of December 31, 2007 to 0.8170 as of December 31, 2008 and the period-end foreign currency exchange rate for pounds sterling to the U.S. dollar decreased from 1.9843 as of December 31, 2007 to 1.4619 as of December 31, 2008.

 

We have foreign currency transaction risk related to the settlement of foreign currency denominated assets, liabilities and payables that occur through our foreign operations, which are received in or paid in pounds sterling or euros, due to the increase or decrease in the period-end foreign currency exchange rates between periods. We had foreign currency transaction gains (losses) of $3.1 million, $842,000 and ($288,000) for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, primarily attributable to the fluctuations of pounds sterling and euros relative to the U.S. dollar. The average exchange rate of pounds sterling to the U.S. dollar increased from 1.8434 for the year ended December 31, 2006 to 2.0020 for the year ended December 31, 2007 and then decreased to 1.8545 for the year ended December 31, 2008.

 

We may experience substantial gains or losses from foreign currency transactions in the future given that there are still certain net assets or net liabilities and expenses of our subsidiaries that are denominated in pounds sterling, euros and Canadian dollars. Of our consolidated revenues, 3.3%, 1.2% and 7.2% were denominated in pounds sterling, euros or Canadian dollars for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Of our consolidated operating expenses, 20.2%, 15.9% and 29.8% were denominated in pounds sterling or Canadian dollars for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. As the pounds sterling, euros or Canadian dollar exchange rate changes, the U.S. equivalent of revenues and

expenses denominated in foreign currencies changes accordingly. As of the second quarter of 2006, we began charging exchange fees in U.S. dollars rather than in pounds sterling in our key U.K. futures contracts, including crude oil and heating oil contracts. Revenues in our businesses are denominated in U.S. dollars, except with respect to a portion of the sales through Creditex, all sales through ICE Futures Canada and a small number of futures contracts at ICE Futures Europe. Our U.K. operations in some instances function as a natural hedge because we generally hold an equal amount of monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in pounds sterling.

 

While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future to help mitigate our foreign exchange risk exposure, these hedging arrangements may not be effective, particularly in the event of imprecise forecasts of the levels of our non-U.S. denominated assets and liabilities. Accordingly, if there is an adverse movement in exchange rates, we may suffer significant losses, which would adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

 

Our efforts to reduce risk in the credit derivatives market and to create a derivative clearing house to act as a central counterparty in the trading of CDS may not be successful.

 

Credit derivative contracts are currently traded between two market participants and are not cleared through a central counterparty or clearing house. The buyer of the contract will make a payment or series of payments to the seller in return for protection against default or other credit event. The bilateral nature of the market leaves participants exposed to counterparty risk, which could result in systemic implications in times of great financial distress. When financial counterparties cannot rely on each other’s credit, and are unable to hedge their own credit risk, they then stop lending to each other and the credit markets may freeze. The recent collapse of two major market participants and the continuing concern over the financial health of other market participants has led regulators and market participants to call for the creation of a central clearinghouse for CDS.

 

Developing a market structure that brings transparency, capital efficiency and mitigation of counterparty credit risk by clearing credit defaults swaps transactions is an important initiative for ICE and Creditex, as well as for certain of our competitors. We have entered a preliminary nonbinding agreement to develop a clearing house to act as a central counterparty in registration and clearance of CDS instruments and we are forming a limited purpose bank, ICE Trust, to act as the facility to bring together the capabilities to clear credit default swaps on a global basis. There is no guarantee that any dealers, including those dealers that are parties to the nonbinding agreement, will use our clearing solution. If our clearing solution through ICE Trust is not successful or if one of our competitors’ clearing solutions is more widely accepted than our solution or is mandated by government intervention, we may not be able to offset the additional operating cost against our income and may be precluded from a valuable opportunity to extend our participation in the CDS space.

 

Regulation of the credit derivatives business is uncertain and such uncertainty, or future regulatory changes, could reduce trading in the credit derivatives market.

 

The current regulatory environment for continued trading of CDS and clearing CDS is unclear and Congress may choose to enact additional financial market reforms in the coming months to broaden the purview of credit derivatives regulation. Currently, one bill is pending that would give jurisdiction over credit default swaps to the SEC and another pending bill would give jurisdiction to the CFTC. In addition, another bill has been proposed to ban market participants from engaging in a CDS transaction unless the participant owns the underlying bond. At this time, it is unclear whether any requirements or limitations will be adopted with respect to CDS transactions or, if so, what the scope or content will be. While we plan to work with all regulatory bodies to develop an appropriate solution to ensure that these markets are properly regulated, we do not know the form such regulation will take. More stringent regulation, including regulatory bans on trading, could negatively impact transaction volume in the CDS market, which would have a negative impact on Creditex’s business and, potentially, our clearing initiative. Additionally, the implementation of new regulatory requirements and processes to ensure continued compliance with such regulations may require us to incur significant compliance costs. Changes in existing regulations and requirements may adversely affect the conduct of Creditex’s business and our plans to create a clearing house for CDS transactions.

Owning Creditex’s business exposes us to additional risk and Creditex is largely dependent on its broker-dealer clients. These clients are not restricted from transacting or processing CDS directly, or through their own proprietary or third-party platforms.

 

Creditex’s business is primarily transaction based and it provides brokerage services to clients primarily in the form of agency transactions, although it also engages in a limited number of matched principal transactions. In agency transactions, customers pay transaction fees for trade execution services in which Creditex connects buyers and sellers who settle their transactions directly and for post-transactional processing services carried out through Creditex’s T-Zero subsidiaries. In matched principal transactions (also known as “risk-less principal” transactions), Creditex receives transaction fees primarily from transactions in which Creditex simultaneously agrees to buy instruments from one customer and sell them to another customer. The amount of the fee generally depends on the spread between the buy and sell price of the security that is brokered. The majority of the Creditex transactions are agency transactions and the matched principal transactions accounted for less than 1% of the total transactions for Creditex for the period from September 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008. Declines in trading volumes in credit derivatives would adversely affect our revenues and profitability. We also face the risk of not being able to collect transaction or processing fees charged to customers for Creditex’s agency brokerage services and T-Zero’s processing services. With respect to matched principal transactions, we run the risk that a counterparty to a matched principal transaction may fail to fulfill its obligations, or that Creditex may face liability for an unmatched trade.

 

Creditex relies to a large extent on its broker-dealer clients to provide liquidity on its electronic trading platform and to drive usage of the T-Zero trade processing platform. None of these broker-dealer clients is contractually or otherwise obligated to continue to use Creditex’s electronic trading or processing platforms. Creditex’s agreements with broker-dealers are generally not exclusive and broker-dealers may terminate such agreements and enter into, and in some cases have entered into, similar agreements with Creditex’s competitors. Additionally, many of Creditex’s broker-dealer clients are involved in other ventures, including other electronic trading and processing platforms, as trading participants or as equity holders, and such ventures or newly created ventures may compete with Creditex now and in the future.

 

Any infringement by us of intellectual property rights of others could result in litigation and adversely affect our ability to continue to provide, or increase the cost of providing, our products and services.

 

Patents and other intellectual property rights are increasingly important as further electronic components are added to trading, and patents and other intellectual property rights of third parties may have an important bearing on our ability to offer certain of our products and services. Our competitors, as well as other companies and individuals, may have obtained, and may be expected to obtain in the future, patent rights related to the types of products and services we offer or plan to offer. We cannot assure you that we are or will be aware of all patents that may pose a risk of infringement by our products and services. In addition, some patent applications in the United States are confidential until a patent is issued, and therefore we cannot evaluate the extent to which our products and services may be covered or asserted to be covered in pending patent applications. Thus, we cannot be sure that our products and services do not infringe on the rights of others or that others will not make claims of infringement against us.

 

Further, our competitors may claim other intellectual property rights over information that is used by us in our product offerings. In addition, with respect to our intellectual property, if one or more of our products or services is found to infringe patents held by others, it may be required to stop developing or marketing the products or services, obtain licenses to develop and market the products or services from the holders of the patents or redesign the products or services in such a way as to avoid infringing the patents. We also could be required to pay damages if we were found to infringe patents held by others, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. We cannot assess the extent to which we may be required in the future to obtain licenses with respect to patents held by others, whether such licenses would be available or, if available, whether it would be able to obtain such licenses on commercially reasonable terms. If we were unable to obtain such licenses, we may not be able to redesign our products or services at a reasonable cost to avoid infringement, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Some of the proprietary technology we employ may be vulnerable to infringement by others.

 

Our business is dependent on proprietary technology and other intellectual property that we own or license from third parties. Despite precautions we have taken or may take to protect our intellectual property rights, third parties could copy or otherwise obtain and use our proprietary technology without authorization. It may be difficult for us to monitor unauthorized use of our intellectual property. We cannot assure you that the steps that we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our proprietary technology or intellectual property.

 

We have filed patent applications in the United States and in other jurisdictions on a number of aspects of our electronic trading system and trade confirmation systems. In addition, we have licenses under two U.S. patents for trading energy, and two joint U.S. patents with NYMEX covering an implied market trading system. We have also filed patent applications on certain aspects of our electronic trading and trade confirmation systems in the European Patent Office and Canada. We cannot assure you that we will obtain any final patents covering these services, nor can we predict the scope of any patents issued. In addition, we cannot assure you that any patent issued will be effective to protect this intellectual property against misappropriation. Third parties in Europe or elsewhere could acquire patents covering this or other intellectual property for which we obtain patents in the United States, or equivalent intellectual property, as a result of differences in local laws affecting patentability and patent validity. Third parties in other jurisdictions might also misappropriate our intellectual property rights with impunity if intellectual property protection laws are not actively enforced in those jurisdictions. Patent infringement and/or the grant of parallel patents would erode the value of our intellectual property.

 

We have secured trademark registrations for “IntercontinentalExchange” and “ICE” from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and from relevant agencies in Europe, as appropriate, with “ICE” also being registered in Singapore, as well as registrations for other trademarks used in our business. We also have several U.S. and foreign applications pending for other trademarks used in our business. We cannot assure you that any of these marks for which applications are pending will be registered.

 

In addition, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets, and determine the validity and scope of the intellectual property rights of others or defend ourselves from claims of infringement. We may not receive an adequate remedy for any infringement of our intellectual property rights, and we may incur substantial costs and diversion of resources and the attention of management as a result of litigation, even if we prevail. As a result, we may choose not to enforce our infringed intellectual property rights, depending on our strategic evaluation and judgment regarding the best use of our resources, the relative strength of our intellectual property portfolio and the recourse available to us.

 

Reductions in our exchange fee rates or commission rates resulting from competitive pressures could lower our revenues and profitability.

 

We may experience pressure on our exchange fee rates and commission rates as a result of competition we face in our futures and OTC markets. Some of our competitors offer a broader range of products and services to a larger participant base, and enjoy higher trading volumes, than we do. Consequently, our competitors may be able and willing to offer commodity trading services at lower commission rates than we currently offer or may be able to offer. As a result of this pricing competition, we could lose both market share and revenues. We believe that any downward pressure on commission rates would likely continue and intensify as we continue to develop our business and gain recognition in our markets. A decline in commission rates could lower our revenues, which would adversely affect our profitability. In addition, our competitors may offer other financial incentives such as rebates or payments in order to induce trading in their markets, rather than in our markets.

 

We rely on specialized management and employees, including professionals in our clearing house and brokerage business, and our business may be harmed if we fail to retain these professionals or attract new ones.

 

Our future success depends, in part, upon the continued contributions of our executive officers and key employees whom we rely on for executing our business strategy and identifying new strategic initiatives. Some

of these individuals have significant experience in the commodities trading industry and financial services markets generally, and possess extensive technology skills and a deep understanding of how various businesses operate. Some of these individuals work on our technology team or are involved with our clearing house operations.

 

In addition, since many products and less liquid market segments in the credit derivatives market are still predominantly transacted by voice brokers, our Creditex subsidiary provides voice-brokered execution services in addition to its electronic execution platform. Many brokers have extensive institutional knowledge of Creditex’s services, products, markets and client base and have long-standing relationships with particular clients. Therefore, the hiring of such brokers by other firms could place us at a competitive disadvantage. Because of intense competition for specialized brokerage services, we face the risk that competitors will hire Creditex employees. Creditex has been a party to claims and litigation arising from the departure of brokers and other personnel to competing firms, and relating to new Creditex employee hires. We face the risk of such claims in the future, and may incur substantial legal fees and expend significant management resources in pursuing or defending such claims.

 

Competition in our industry for persons with trading industry or technology expertise is intense. If any of our specialized management or other professionals were to leave, we cannot assure you that we would be able to find appropriate replacements for these key personnel in a timely manner. Further, we may have to incur significant costs to replace key employees who leave.

 

We rely on third party providers and other suppliers for a number of services that are important to our business. An interruption or cessation of an important service or supply by any third party could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

We depend on a number of suppliers, such as online service providers, hosting service and software providers, data processors, software and hardware vendors, banks, and telephone companies, for elements of our trading, clearing and other systems. Moreover, the general trend toward industry consolidation may increase the risk that these services may not be available to us in the future. We also rely on access to certain data used in our business through licenses with third parties and we rely on a large international telecommunications company for the provision of hosting services. If these companies were to discontinue providing services to us, we would likely experience significant disruption to our business.

 

We cannot assure you that any of these providers will be able to continue to provide these services in an efficient, cost-effective manner or that they will be able to adequately expand their services to meet our needs. We also cannot assure you that any of these providers will not terminate our business relationship with us for competitive reasons or otherwise. An interruption in or the cessation of an important service or supply by any third party and our inability to make alternative arrangements in a timely manner, or at all, would result in lost revenues and higher costs.

 

In addition, participants trading on our electronic platform may access it through 37 ISVs, which represent a substantial portion of the ISVs that serve the commodities markets. The loss of a significant number of ISVs providing access could make our platform less attractive to participants who prefer this form of access.

 

We are subject to significant litigation and liability risks.

 

Many aspects of our business, and the businesses of our participants, involve substantial risks of liability. These risks include, among others, potential liability from disputes over terms of a trade and the claim that a system failure or delay caused monetary loss to a participant or that an unauthorized trade occurred. For example, dissatisfied participants that have traded on our electronic platform or those on whose behalf such participants have traded, may make claims regarding the quality of trade execution, or alleged improperly confirmed or settled trades, abusive trading practices, security and confidentiality breaches, mismanagement or even fraud against us or our participants. In addition, because of the ease and speed with which sizable trades can be executed on our electronic platform, participants can lose substantial amounts by inadvertently entering

trade orders or by entering them inaccurately. A large number of significant error trades could result in participant dissatisfaction and a decline in participant willingness to trade in our electronic markets.

 

Our compliance and risk management methods might not be effective and may result in outcomes that could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

 

Our ability to comply with applicable laws and rules is largely dependent on our establishment and maintenance of compliance, audit and reporting systems, as well as our ability to attract and retain qualified compliance and other risk management personnel. Our policies and procedures to identify, monitor and manage risks may not be fully effective. Management of operational, legal and regulatory risk requires, among other things, policies and procedures to record properly and verify a large number of transactions and events. We cannot assure you that our policies and procedures will always be effective or that we will always be successful in monitoring or evaluating the risks to which we are or may be exposed.

 

In addition, our regulators have broad enforcement powers to censure, fine, issue cease-and-desist orders or prohibit us from engaging in some of our businesses. Our ability to comply with applicable laws and rules is largely dependent on our establishment and maintenance of compliance, audit and reporting systems, as well as our ability to attract and retain qualified compliance and other risk management personnel. We face the risk of significant intervention by regulatory authorities, including extensive examination and surveillance activity. In the case of non-compliance or alleged non-compliance with applicable laws or regulations, we could be subject to investigations and proceedings that may result in substantial penalties or civil lawsuits, including by customers, for damages which can be significant. Any of these outcomes would adversely affect our reputation, financial condition and operating results. In extreme cases, these outcomes could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.

 

 

 

B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin and an MBA from Pepperdine University.

 

Charles A. Vice.   Mr. Vice has served as our President since October 2005 and our Chief Operating Officer since July 2001. As our President and Chief Operating Officer, Mr. Vice is responsible for overseeing our operations, including market development, customer support and business development activities. He has over 15 years of experience in applying information technology in the energy industry. Mr. Vice joined Continental Power Exchange, Inc. as a Marketing Director during its startup in 1994, and prior thereto was a Principal with Energy Management Associates for five years, providing consulting services to energy firms. From 1985 to 1988, he was a Systems Analyst with Electronic Data Systems. Mr. Vice holds a Bachelor’s of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Alabama and an MBA from Vanderbilt University.

 

Scott A. Hill.   Mr. Hill has served as our Chief Financial Officer since May 2007. As our Chief Financial Officer, he is responsible for overseeing all aspects of our finance and accounting functions, including treasury, tax, cash management and investor relations. He is also responsible for financial planning, audit, business development and human resources. Prior to joining us, Mr. Hill spent 16 years as an international finance executive for IBM. He oversaw IBM’s worldwide financial forecasts and measurements from 2006 through 2007, working alongside the CFO of IBM and with all of the company’s global business units. Prior to that, Mr. Hill was Vice President and Controller of IBM’s Japan multi-billion dollar business operation from 2003 through 2005. Mr. Hill earned his BBA in Finance from the University of Texas at Austin and his MBA from New York University, where he was recognized as a Stern Scholar.

 

David S. Goone.   Mr. Goone has served as our Senior Vice President, Chief Strategic Officer since March 2001. He is responsible for the expansion of our product line, including futures products and trading capabilities for our electronic platform. Mr. Goone also leads our global sales organization. Prior to joining us, Mr. Goone served as the Managing Director, Product Development and Sales at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange where he worked for nine years. From 1989 through 1992, Mr. Goone was Vice President at Indosuez Carr Futures, where he developed institutional and corporate business. Prior to joining Indosuez, Mr. Goone worked at Chase Manhattan Bank, where he developed and managed their exchange-traded foreign currency options operation at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Mr. Goone holds a B.S. degree in Accountancy from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

 

Edwin D. Marcial.   Mr. Marcial has served as our Chief Technology Officer since May 2000. He is responsible for all systems development and our overall technology strategy. He also oversees the software design and development initiatives of our information technology professionals in the areas of project management, architecture, software development and quality assurance. Mr. Marcial joined the software development team at Continental Power Exchange, Inc. in 1996 and has 14 years of IT experience building large-scale systems in the energy industry. Prior to joining Continental Power Exchange, Inc., he led design and development teams at Harris Corporation building software systems for the company’s energy controls division. Mr. Marcial earned a B.S. degree in Computer Science from the College of Engineering at the University of Florida.

 

Johnathan H. Short.   Mr. Short has served as our Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since June 2004. In his role as General Counsel, he is responsible for managing our legal and regulatory affairs. As Corporate Secretary, he is also responsible for a variety of our corporate governance matters. Prior to joining us, Mr. Short was a partner at McKenna Long & Aldridge LLP, a national law firm with approximately 350 attorneys. Mr. Short practiced in the corporate law group of McKenna, Long & Aldridge (and its predecessor firm, Long Aldridge & Norman LLP) from November 1994 until he joined us in June 2004. From April 1991 until October 1994, he practiced in the commercial litigation department of Long Aldridge & Norman LLP. Mr. Short holds a J.D. degree from the University of Florida, College of Law, and a B.S. in Accounting from the University of Florida, Fisher School of Accounting.

 

David J. Peniket.   Mr. Peniket has served as President, ICE Futures Europe, since October 2005 and Chief Operating Officer, ICE Futures Europe, since January 2005. Mr. Peniket is responsible for ICE Futures Europe’s financial performance, technology and market operations, human resources, business development

and regulation and risk management. Prior to assuming the role of Chief Operating Officer, Mr. Peniket served as Director of Finance of ICE Futures Europe since May 2000. Before joining ICE Futures Europe in 1999, Mr. Peniket worked for seven years at KPMG LLP, where he trained as an accountant and was a consultant in its financial management practice. Mr. Peniket was Research Assistant to John Cartwright MP from 1988 to 1991. He holds a B.Sc. (Econ) degree in Economics from the London School of Economics and Political Science and is a Chartered Accountant.

 

Thomas W. Farley.   Mr. Farley joined ICE Futures U.S. in February 2007 as President and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Farley is also a member of the Board of Directors of ICE Futures U.S. Prior to joining ICE Futures U.S., from July 2006 to January 2007, Mr. Farley was President of SunGard Kiodex, a risk management technology provider to the commodity derivatives markets. From October 2000 to July 2006, Mr. Farley served as Kiodex’s Chief Financial Officer and he also served as Kiodex’s Chief Operating Officer from January 2003 to July 2006. Prior to Kiodex, Mr. Farley held positions in investment banking and private equity. Mr. Farley holds a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from Georgetown University.

 

Sunil Hirani.   Mr. Hirani has served as President and Chief Operating Officer of Creditex since Creditex’s acquisition in August 2008. Prior to that, Mr. Hirani served as Chairman and CEO of Creditex Group from 1999 to August 2008, in addition to being one of Creditex’s co-founders. Before founding Creditex Group, Mr. Hirani worked from October 1996 to April 1999 at Deutsche Bank and Bankers Trust from August 1994 to September 1996, where he was involved in numerous aspects of the OTC derivatives business. Prior to that, he worked at Lockheed Martin Corporation as a software engineer designing, developing and implementing software and hardware systems for NASA in Houston, Texas for the space program. Mr. Hirani holds a B.S. in Computer Science from Washington University and a Master of Business Administration from Northwestern University.

PART II

 

Price Range of Common Stock

 

Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “ICE”. Our common stock was initially offered and sold to the public at a price of $26.00 per share and has been publicly traded since November 16, 2005. Prior to that date, there was no public market in our stock. On February 10, 2009, our common stock traded at a high of $67.01 per share and a low of $59.54 per share. The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low sale prices for the periods indicated for our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The following tables present our selected consolidated financial data as of and for the dates and periods indicated. We derived the selected consolidated financial data set forth below for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 and as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We derived the selected consolidated financial data set forth below for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 and as of December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

The selected consolidated financial data presented below is not indicative of our future results for any period. The selected consolidated financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

conjunction with, the more detailed information contained in Item 6 “Selected Financial Data” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Overview and Our Business Environment

 

We are a leading regulated global futures exchange and over-the-counter, or OTC, market operator. We operate the leading electronic futures and OTC marketplace for trading a broad array of energy, soft agricultural and agricultural commodities, credit default swaps, or CDS, and financial products. Currently, we are the only marketplace to offer an integrated electronic platform for side-by-side trading of products in both futures and OTC markets, together with clearing services. Through our widely-distributed electronic marketplaces, we bring together buyers and sellers of derivative and physical commodities and financial contracts and offer a range of services to support our participants’ risk management.

 

We conduct our regulated U.K. energy futures markets through our wholly-owned subsidiary, ICE Futures Europe. We conduct our regulated U.S. futures markets through our wholly-owned subsidiary, ICE Futures U.S. We conduct our regulated Canadian futures markets through our wholly-owned subsidiary, ICE Futures Canada. ICE Futures Europe clears its business through ICE Clear Europe, ICE Futures U.S. clears its business through ICE Clear U.S. and ICE Futures Canada clears its business through ICE Clear Canada. We completed our acquisition of ICE Futures U.S. in January 2007 and our acquisition of ICE Futures Canada in August 2007. The launch of ICE Clear Europe occurred in November 2008, completing our strategic plan to offer clearing services through wholly-owned clearing businesses in the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. Clearing services for our U.K. energy futures and cleared OTC business were previously outsourced to a third party U.K. clearing house.

 

We completed our acquisition of Creditex Group Inc., or Creditex, in August 2008, as a result of which Creditex became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ICE and continues to operate under the name Creditex in our OTC markets. Creditex is a market leader and innovator in the execution and processing of CDS, with markets spanning the United States, Europe and Asia. Creditex is a leading execution and trade processing firm in the CDS markets, including indexes, single-name instruments and standardized tranches. In October 2008, we announced our planned acquisition of The Clearing Corporation as part of our strategy to offer clearing in the CDS market.

 

We operate three business segments: a futures segment, a global OTC segment and a market data segment. In our futures markets, we offer trading in standardized derivative contracts on our regulated exchanges. In our OTC markets, which include energy markets and credit derivatives, we offer trading in over-the-counter, or off-exchange, derivative contracts, including contracts that provide for the physical delivery of an underlying asset or commodity or for financial settlement based on the price of an underlying asset or commodity. Through our market data segment, we offer a variety of market data services and products for both futures and OTC market participants and observers.

 

Our business is primarily transaction based, and our revenues and profitability relate directly to the level of trading activity in our markets. Trading volumes are driven by a number of factors, including the degree of volatility in the prices of commodities and financial instruments such as equity indexes and foreign exchange, as well as regulatory changes, fee modifications and competition. Price volatility increases the need to hedge contractual price risk and creates opportunities for the exchange of risk between market participants. Changes in our futures trading volumes and OTC average daily commissions have also been driven by varying levels of volatility and liquidity both in our markets and in the broader commodities markets, which influence trading volumes across all of the markets we operate.

 

We operate our futures and OTC markets primarily on our electronic platforms and we offer ICE Futures U.S.’s soft agricultural commodity and financial options markets on both our electronic platform and through our trading floor based in New York. In February 2008, we closed our open-outcry trading floors for futures markets in New York and Dublin and now only offer soft agricultural commodity and financial options markets through the open-outcry trading floor in New York. We believe that the move toward electronic trade execution, together with the improved accessibility for new market participants and the increased adoption of commodities as a tradable, investable asset class, has contributed to and will likely support continued secular

growth in the global markets. We also operate certain of our OTC markets through employee-based voice brokering. As participation continues to increase and as participants continue to employ more sophisticated financial instruments and risk management strategies to manage their price exposure, we believe there remains opportunity for further growth in the electronic trading of derivatives on a global basis. We do not risk our own capital by engaging in any trading activities or by extending credit to market participants.

 

Financial Highlights

 

 

On a consolidated basis, we recorded $813.1 million in revenues for the year ended December 31, 2008 , a 41.6% increase compared to $574.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Consolidated net income was $301.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, a 25.1% increase compared to $240.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The financial results for the year ended December 31, 2008 include an impairment loss of $15.7 million, which we recorded as other expense, relating to our investment in the National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange, Ltd, or NCDEX. NCDEX is a derivatives exchange located in Mumbai India, in which we have an 8% equity ownership interest, which we acquired for $37.0 million in 2006. For additional information, refer to note 6 to our consolidated financial statements and related notes, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Excluding this loss, net of taxes, our consolidated net income for the year ended December 31, 2008 would have been $312.2 million. See also “— Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below. The financial results for the year ended December 31, 2007 include a gain of $9.3 million relating to the sale of our former open-outcry disaster recovery site in London and $11.1 million in CBOT merger-related transaction costs. During the year ended December 31, 2008, 237.2 million contracts were traded in our futures markets, up 23.7% from 191.8 million contracts traded during the year ended December 31, 2007. During the year ended December 31, 2008, 247.1 million contract equivalents were traded in our OTC energy markets, up 39.9% from 176.6 million contract equivalents traded during the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

Recent Developments and Trends

 

Beginning in the third quarter of 2007, the U.S. financial markets entered into a period of reduced liquidity, outflow of customer funds, defaults and extraordinary volatility due to deteriorating credit market conditions. In the subsequent period, these conditions expanded to the global financial markets and as a result, many market participants, including many of our key customers, experienced reduced liquidity with continued credit contraction, financial institution consolidation and market participant bankruptcies. While our business continued to grow in 2008 amid these market conditions, extraordinary volatility levels coupled with a sustained period of uncertainty relating to counterparty creditworthiness and the availability of credit to facilitate trading have limited trading participation in certain of our markets starting in the fourth quarter of

2008, which may continue. As a result of the current market conditions, regulators and legislators may pass new regulations or laws that impact the way our markets operate. Further, the loans and equity investments made by governmental bodies in financial institutions could result in additional regulation and governmental oversight of these entities, many of which are active participants in our markets. We believe the availability of central counterparty clearing for futures and OTC contracts has supported and will continue to support the liquidity and participation in our marketplaces.

 

The establishment of ICE Clear Europe in November 2008 has facilitated our launch of new cleared OTC contracts. Since the launch of ICE Clear Europe, we have either launched or announced the launch of over 70 new cleared energy OTC products. We believe that controlling our clearing process will allow us to introduce more products and services to the futures and OTC markets for broker-dealers and for our customers, as well as ensure technology and operational service levels meet the efficiency standards that we have set within our execution business. We also believe that this flexibility will allow us to increase our speed-to-market for new cleared products and to expand our products further into physically-delivered commodity products on a competitive basis with other derivatives exchanges that manage their own clearing and risk management services. We have also announced the launch of new cleared sugar, coffee and cocoa swaps for ICE Futures U.S. to be cleared through ICE Clear U.S. The new cleared swaps are the first such contracts that we have offered for ICE Futures U.S. products that are specifically designed to meet the needs of the OTC market participants.

 

Variability in Quarterly Comparisons

 

In addition to general conditions in the financial markets and in our markets in particular, commodity trading has historically been subject to variability in trading volumes due to several factors, including:

 

 

 

These and other factors could cause our revenues to fluctuate from period to period. These fluctuations may affect the reliability of period to period comparisons of our revenues and operating results when, for example, these comparisons are between periods in different seasons. Inter-seasonal comparisons will not necessarily be indicative of our results for future periods.

 

Segment Reporting

 

For financial reporting purposes, as of December 31, 2008, our business is divided into three segments: our futures business segment, our OTC business segment and our market data business segment. For a discussion of these segments and related financial disclosure, refer to note 18 to our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

 

 

 

 

Our ICE Brent Crude futures contract is a benchmark contract relied upon by a broad range of market participants, including certain large oil producing nations, to price their crude oil. During the year ended December 31, 2008, the average daily quantity of Brent crude oil traded in our markets was 264.0 million barrels, with an average notional daily value of over $26.1 billion. We believe that market participants are increasingly relying on this contract for their risk management activities, as evidenced by steady increases in traded volumes and open interest over the past several years. With the trading of both our ICE Brent Crude futures contract and our ICE WTI Crude futures contract, we achieved a 45.7% market share of the global oil futures contracts traded for the year ended December 31, 2008.

 

In our futures business segment, we earn transaction fees from both counterparties to each futures contract or option on futures contract that is traded, based on the volume of the commodity underlying the futures or option contract that is traded. In addition to our transaction fees, a futures participant must pay a fee to the clearing house for the benefit of clearing and, if applicable, a fee for the services of the relevant member clearing firm, or FCM. For ICE Futures U.S. and ICE Futures Canada, our transaction fees include both a trading and a clearing fee as we own 100% of ICE Clear U.S. and ICE Clear Canada. However, consistent with our cleared OTC business, in the past, we did not derive any direct revenues from the clearing process associated with ICE Futures Europe and participants paid the clearing fees directly to a third party U.K. clearing house. However, upon the launch of ICE Clear Europe in November 2008, we now capture clearing revenues associated with our ICE Futures Europe business, the amount of which will depend upon many considerations, including but not limited to transaction volume, pricing and new products. We charge transaction and clearing fees to the clearing members of ICE Futures Europe, ICE Futures U.S. and ICE Futures Canada for contracts traded for their own account and for contracts traded on behalf of their customers or local traders.

 

We derived futures transaction and clearing fees of $351.5 million, $278.6 million and $123.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, representing 43.2%, 48.5% and 39.3%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues. The transaction and clearing fees earned on energy futures and option transactions, which occur through ICE Futures Europe, increased $16.9 million or 9.4% to $195.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 from $178.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The transaction and clearing fees earned on soft agriculture, agriculture and financial futures and options transactions, which occur through ICE Futures U.S. and ICE Futures Canada, increased $56.0 million or 56.2% to $155.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 from $99.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

Transaction and clearing fees are presented net of rebates. We recorded rebates in our futures segment of $76.3 million, $33.7 million and $7.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increase in the rebates is due primarily to an increase in the amount of rebates offered on various futures contracts resulting from higher contract volumes traded during the period. We offer rebates in certain of our markets primarily to help generate market liquidity and trading volumes by providing customers

trading in those markets a full or partial discount to the applicable commission rate. These rebates reduce revenue that we would have generated had we charged full commissions and had we generated the same volume without the rebate program.

 

A contract is a standardized quantity of the physical commodity underlying each futures contract. The following table presents the underlying commodity size per futures contract traded in our key futures markets as well as the relevant standard of measure for each contract:

 

 

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, trading activity in our futures markets for commodity type based on the total number of contracts traded: