P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 237 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Risks by Category |
Risk Category |
Explanation |
Risk |
Inverse Distance Cubed estimation may result in some local small tonnage high biased grades. |
Low |
Data |
Database in Excel format may be modified accidently and contribute to grade estimation errors. |
Low |
Depletion |
Historical mined areas may not be surveyed accurately, which could cause over or under depletion. |
Moderate |
11.19 Mineral Resource Estimate Conclusion
The QPs for this Individual Technical Report Summary section consider the Mineral Resource Estimate block model and Mineral Resource classification represent a reasonable estimation of the total Mineral Resources for the SJG Property with regard to compliance with: generally accepted industry standards and guidelines; the methodology used for grade estimation; the classification criteria used; and the actual implementation of the methodology in terms of Mineral Resource estimation and reporting.
The Mineral Resources have been estimated to conform with the requirements of the CRIRSCO Definitions in addition to the guidelines prepared by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the S-K §229.1300 to S-K §229.1305 regulations. Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability.
11.20 Mineral Resource Estimate Illustrations
11.20.1 Drill Hole Plan
The surface diamond drill hole location plan is shown in Figure 11.6.
11.20.2 3-D Domains
The San José de Gracia 3-D domains are shown in Figure 11.7.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 238 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. San José de Gracia Diamond Drill Hole Locations Plan
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 239 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 240 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. San José de Gracia 3-D Domains Plan

Source: P&E (This Report)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 241 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
11.20.3 Variograms
Variograms for the San José De Gracia Project are shown in Figure 11.8.
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. San José de Gracia Variograms

P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 242 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 243 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
11.20.4 Au Block Model Cross Sections and Plans
Vertical cross sections and plans showing the gold block model outlines, gold grades in g/t Au, the mineralized domains, and underground mine workings are shown in Figure 11.9 to Figure 11.17. Figures 11.9 to 11.13 display the San Pablo, La Union and La Mochomera Zones, and Figures 11.14 to 11.17 the Tres Amigos Zone.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 244 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Au Block Model Vertical Cross Section 2,896,400 N, San Pablo, Union, and Mochomera Zones
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 245 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Au Block Model Vertical Cross Section 2,896,700 N, San Pablo, Union, and Mochomera Zones
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 246 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Au Block Model Vertical Cross Section 2,897,000 N, San Pablo, Union, and Mochomera Zones
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 247 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 248 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Au Block Model Plan 600 Elevation, San Pablo, Union, and Mochomera Zones

P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 249 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Au Block Model Plan 500 Elevation, San Pablo, Union, and Mochomera Zones

P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 250 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 251 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Au Block Model Vertical Cross Section 2,897,950 N, Tres Amigos Zone
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 252 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Au Block Model Vertical Cross Section 2,898,100 N, Tres Amigos Zone

P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 253 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Au Block Model Plan 600 Elevation, Tres Amigos Zone
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 254 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Au Block Model Plan 500 Elevation, Tres Amigos Zone
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 255 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
11.20.5 Classification Block Model Cross Sections and Plans
Vertical cross sections and plans showing the classification model outlines, the mineralized domains, and underground mine workings are shown in Figure 11.18 to Figure 11.26. Figures 11.18 to 11.22 display the San Pablo, La Union and La Mochomera Zones, and Figures 11.23 to 11.26 the Tres Amigos Zone.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 256 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Classification Block Model Vertical Cross Section 2,896,400 N, San Pablo, Union, and Mochomera Zones
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 257 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Classification Block Model Vertical Cross Section 2,896,700 N, San Pablo, Union, and Mochomera Zones
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 258 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Classification Block Model Vertical Cross Section 2,897,000 N, San Pablo, Union, and Mochomera Zones

P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 259 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 260 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Classification Block Model Plan 600 Elevation, San Pablo, Union, and Mochomera Zones
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 261 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Classification Block Model Plan 500 Elevation, San Pablo, Union, and Mochomera Zones

P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 262 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 263 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Classification Block Model Vertical Cross Section 2,897,950 N, Tres Amigos Zone
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 264 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 265 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Classification Block Model Vertical Cross Section 2,896,100 N, Tres Amigos Zone
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 266 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 267 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Classification Block Model Plan 600 Elevation, Tres Amigos Zone
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 268 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 11. Classification Block Model Plan 500 Elevation, Tres Amigos Zone
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 269 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
12.0 Mineral Reserve Estimates
The SJG Project utilizes underground cut-and-fill mining with a segregated ore blast for production, followed by a waste slash to generate unconsolidated backfill and provide clearance for machinery on the next cut in progression. The Mineral Reserve is derived from site-provided costs and designs, with modifying factors as stated in this Report section.
12.1 Mineral Reserve Summary
12.2 Factors that May Affect the Mineral Reserve Estimate
Information that will affect the cut-off value used for estimating the Mineral Reserve includes metal prices, smelter terms, the US Dollar:Mexican Peso exchange rate, dilution, overall mine and process variable and fixed costs, process plant recoveries, concentrate quality targets, changes in mine design, and management of the operation. The QPs consider that the underground mining methodologies, design criteria and parameters used are appropriate. However, external audits of the mine planning process are recommended to identify improvements and optimize the mine design in future iterations of the mine plan, and changes to laboratory testing to determine contents of deleterious elements in the various mining areas.
External factors, such as permitting, social, environmental governance (“ESG”) and political issues could affect the viability of the SJG Project. As such, these factors could materially impact the Mineral Reserve Estimate. The Mineral Reserve Estimate is summarized in Table 12.1.
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 12. San José de Gracia Mineral Reserve (1-9) |
Mineral Resource Classification |
Tonnes (k) |
Grade (g/t Au) |
Contained Metal (koz Au) |
Measured |
981 |
5.94 |
187.2 |
Indicated |
435 |
4.74 |
66.3 |
Measured & Indicated |
1,416 |
5.57 |
253.5 |
Waste |
192 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
Mineral Reserve Classification |
Tonnes (k) |
Grade (g/t Au) |
Contained Metal (koz Au) |
Proven |
1,114 |
5.23 |
187.2 |
Probable |
493 |
4.18 |
66.3 |
Proven & Probable 9 |
1,607 |
4.91 |
253.5 |
Notes:
1. Mineral Reserves are based on Measured and Indicated Mineral Resource Classifications only.
2. Mineral Reserves are reported using the 2014 CIM Definition Standards and 2019 Best Practices Guidelines and have an effective date of March 24, 2025.
3. Mineral Reserves are defined within mine plans and incorporate mining dilution and ore losses.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 270 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
4. Underground Mineral Reserves are based on metal price of US$2,500/oz Au and are constrained within a mine design, and use process plant recoveries varying between 76 to 80% for Au.
5. An Underground economic cut-off value of US$140/t is estimated to differentiate ore from waste and is based on cost assumptions of US$99/t for mining US$23/t processing, US$18/t site general and administrative. Mineralized material above a cut-off of $90/t that is planned to be mined adjacent to economic material is identified as Marginal ore, as the revenue it generates exceeds the additional costs associated with haulage, processing and backfilling the material versus leaving it in the stope as backfill.
6. Smelter terms result in an average value paid per ounce of gold of 90.53% of the value of the gold in concentrate, after accounting for all contract terms.
7. The provided LOM block models do not track deleterious elements noted in the smelter terms, which could reduce the payable value of the concentrate. However, DynaResource asserts that no penalties of this nature have historically been assessed on any payment invoice from the existing concentrate buyer.
8. Totals may not sum due to rounding.
9. Mineral Reserves derived from marginal material total 312 kt at 2.03 g/t Au for a total contained metal content of 20.3 koz.
12.3 Underground Mineral Reserve
The original Mineral Resource block models provided by DynaResource were:
SPUM15RBM.dm, created March 5, 2025 at 12:21 pm; and
TA15RBM.dm, created March 4, 2025 at 10:57 pm.
12.3.1 Block Model Changes from Mineral Resource Estimate to Mineral Reserve Estimate
The block models utilized in Mineral Resource estimation were modified in the following manner prior to use in the mine plan:
1. All Inferred Mineral Resource material had grades zeroed out, but the attributes for bulk density and class were unchanged. This material now reports as waste where mine plan shapes intersect these areas; and
2. All blocks containing nulls in grade or bulk density were removed from the block model.
The revised block models were renamed to:
SPUM15RBM 050325 Cleaned.dm, created April 11, 2025 at 3:37 pm; and
TA15RBM 050325 Cleaned.dm, created April 11, 2025 at 3:37 pm.
Mining shapes for the mine plan were originally constructed by DynaResource utilizing material from all three Mineral Resource classes (Measured, Indicated, Inferred). These shapes were not altered. However, as a result of the edits noted above, any material that was derived from Inferred Mineral Resource material has now been converted into diluting waste. All economic drivers have been recalculated after making these edits to ensure that shapes containing all three Mineral Resource classes are still economic after removing any impact of Inferred Mineral Resource material. Mined tonnes in the LOM plan derived from these areas total 4 kt of diluting waste with zero mineralization. Nulls were removed for simplicity and clarity in the planning process.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 271 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
12.3.2 Cut-off Value Calculations
Cut-off calculations have been performed based on revenues and costs as shown in the following sub-sections.
12.3.2.1 Metal Prices, Recoveries and Payable Value Calculations
The metal price utilized for the Mineral Reserve was US$2,500 per troy ounce of gold.
Process plant recoveries were provided by DynaResource, and are predominately 80%, with localized shapes at 76 or 78%. The weighted average process recovery of shapes in the mine plan is 79.77%.
Smelter terms for gold are as follows:
Refining: $20.00/oz.
Treatment: $99.00/dmt.
Transport: $25.00/wmt.
Payable Ratio: 94.375%.
Payable terms are variable, based on concentrate grade as listed in Table 12.2.
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 12. San José de Gracia Smelter Payable Ratios |
Concentrate Grade (Au g/t) |
Payable Ratio (%) |
0 to 35 |
93.5001 |
35 to 45 |
94.000 |
45 to 60 |
94.375 |
60 to 75 |
94.750 |
75 to 90 |
95.250 |
90 to 150 |
95.500 |
150+ |
96.500 |
Note: Ratio varies if grade is <30.77 g/t Au subject to a minimum deduction of 2.0 g/t.
Applicable to all concentrate grades, but only if the concentrate grade falls below 30.77 g/t, is a minimum deduction of 2 g/t Au. For this scenario, the payable ratio is calculated as:
Payable Ratio=1- 2Concentrate Grade
Payable terms also exist for Ag, but the block models do not track Ag as an attribute. Therefore, no revenues or costs from silver are included in the Mineral Reserve calculations.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 272 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Deleterious element penalties exist in the payable terms, but the block models do not track these elements as attributes. Historically, deleterious element penalties have not been assessed to the concentrate. Deleterious element penalties are as follows:
As, Sb: $3.00 per 0.1% content over 0.3%.
Pb, Zn: $5.00 per 0.1% content over 0.3%.
Bi: $3.00 per 0.01% content over 0.10%.
F: $3.00 per 100 ppm content over 750 ppm.
All deleterious element penalties use fractions pro rata.
All shipments of concentrate in the previous 12 months ending March 2025 have been in the
45 to 60 g/t Au range without any deleterious element penalties. Therefore, utilizing all of the above information, the average realized value of gold has been roughly 90.5% of the value of the gold in concentrate.
12.3.2.2 Contractor Estimates
The Project has active development and production mining contracts with three mining contractors:
INMIN in 2023;
Ophata in 2024; and
Rencer/Salvador Antonio Renteria Armendariz (“SARA”) in 2025.
All contracts cover similar work (development, production, backfill, LHD tramming, haulage, and additional ground support). Contracts were signed in 2023, 2024 and 2025 (one contractor each year). Comparison of Rencer/SARA to Ophata show escalation from 2024 to 2025 was approximately 5% on development, -10% on ore and waste backfill production and -3% on additional ground support. Tramming by LHD and haulage by truck were essentially unchanged. Negotiations and updates on the older contracts are underway, however, are unlikely to result in appreciable changes to the overall mining cost.
Utilizing the 2025 contract from Rencer/SARA, an estimate of costs for the deepest planned stope in the Purisima mining area was performed, accounting for development, production, backfill, tramming, and haulage. Total contract costs for all development and mining the area amount to $89.98/t, in line with general cost estimates of $99/t with the addition of $5 to $6/t in power costs for the underground mine and some level of additional ground support cost. The removal of CAPEX costs and the addition of processing and G&A costs show an estimated marginal cost of ~$75/t, appreciably less than the $90/t utilized in the mine plan, and indicative of conservatism in the mine plan.
A further contract with a blasting-specific contractor is in the end stages of negotiation, with the intention of replacing all production blasting operations of the existing contractors.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 273 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
12.3.2.3 Site Cost Estimates
Since the site is operating, historical cost summaries and budgets were utilized to generate costs for the mining plan. Site cost estimates are as follows:
Mine Operation: $98.9/t ($99 used, includes development CAPEX).
Process Plant Operation: $23.0/t ($23 used).
G&A: $18.6/t ($18 used, as portion of G&A is fixed).
Additional costs for external G&A, selling cost and fixed process plant CAPEX were also provided. However, because the costs are largely fixed in respect to tonnes produced, only the variable costs listed above are utilized in the cut-off calculation. These additional costs average ~$42.50/t.
The Mine Operation cost of $99/t includes capital development of ramps and infrastructure that are not linearly related to tonnes and gold ounces produced. Best practice would be to segregate these costs from the mining cost and calculate each area’s operating profit prior to subtracting the associated cost of local capital development. However, retaining these costs in the cut-off calculations provides a conservative result. Therefore, these costs have been retained as per the above.
12.3.2.4 Cut-off Grade Estimates
The economic cut-off value for underground mining at the SJG Project is estimated at $140/t, equivalent to a cut-off grade of 2.40 g/t Au, utilizing the costs and revenues stated in the preceding subsections. Utilizing a marginal cut-off value of $90/t, the marginal cut-off grade is estimated at 1.55 g/t Au under the same conditions.
12.3.3 Dilution and Mining Loss
Dilution describes the necessary inclusion of sub-economic material in the mining process to recover economic material. For the Project, there are two primary sources of dilution: waste dilution (internal and external) and backfill dilution resulting from overbreak and over-digging (floor gouging) backfill on stope floors.
12.3.3.1 Internal Dilution
Internal dilution is the deliberate inclusion of sub-economic material in the design of a mining shape for the purposes of extracting economic material in a practical manner. This dilution may or may not be mineralized.
For the shapes in the LOM plan, internal dilution (calculated as the tonnage of material grading below the marginal cut-off grade divided by the total tonnes) is 10.8%, comprised of 8.8% mineralized material below marginal cut-off grade, and 2.0% unmineralized material. Gold content in mineralized material below the cut-off grade make- up 1.2% of the Mineral Reserve ounces (~3.2 koz Au).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 274 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
12.3.3.2 External Dilution
External dilution on mining shapes is the result of overbreak of the shape outside of the planned limits. In the LOM plan, production areas have been assigned an external dilution value of 12% by tonnage, and development areas (sills and mineralized portions of accesses) have been assigned an external dilution of zero, as it is assumed that face profiles can be maintained within reasonable tolerances of the nominal value, and that any overbreak will be into production areas of the stopes.
Overall weighted average external dilution is 10.1%. External dilution is mathematically applied (production shapes provided by DynaResource are limited to the mineralized wireframe) and assumed to be unmineralized.
12.3.3.3 Total Dilution
Total dilution, calculated as the sum of the tonnage of all material below the marginal cut-off grade divided by the total tonnes of all mined ore is calculated at 20.9%.
12.3.3.4 Mining Loss
Mining loss is defined as a portion of material left behind in an excavation due to any or all of drilling, blasting, excavating, or ground support issues.
Overall average underground mining loss for the Deposit is estimated at 5.0% by tonnage for all development and production areas.
12.3.3.5 Additional Considerations
Recent reconciliations by DynaResource have indicated that current external dilution is approximately 16.6%. Management has implemented new survey and blasting controls to reduce this number by at least a third which, when achieved, provides upside on the 12% dilution utilized in the mine plan. The same reconciliations have indicated that mining loss of gold ounces is approximately 10.2%. Again, new survey and blasting controls, in addition to further controls on material handling and tracking from the face through the process plant, are being implemented to reduce this value in line with the LOM plan value.
12.3.4 Underground Mineral Reserve Estimate
Mineral Reserves consist of Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources only.
12.3.5 Mining Plan Summary
The contents of the mine plan by Mineral Resource classification are shown in Table 12.3.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 275 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 12. San José de Gracia Mine Plan by Mineral Resource Class1 |
Item |
Class |
Tonnes (k) |
Grade (Au g/t) |
Ounces (koz Au) |
Mining Shapes |
Measured |
1,033 |
5.94 |
197.1 |
Indicated |
457 |
4.74 |
69.8 |
Waste |
30 |
- |
- |
Added Dilution |
External Dilution |
172 |
- |
- |
Fully Diluted |
Measured |
1,173 |
5.23 |
197.1 |
Indicated |
519 |
4.18 |
69.8 |
Mining Loss |
Measured |
59 |
5.23 |
9.9 |
Indicated |
26 |
4.18 |
3.5 |
Mine Plan |
Measured |
1,114 |
5.23 |
187.2 |
Indicated |
493 |
4.18 |
66.3 |
Total M&I |
1,607 |
4.91 |
253.5 |
1 Totals may not sum due to rounding.
12.3.6 Underground Mineral Reserve
The underground Mineral Reserve for the SJG Project is presented in Table 12.4.
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 12. San José de Gracia Mineral Reserve (1-9) |
Mineral Resource Classification |
Tonnes (k) |
Grade (g/t Au) |
Contained Metal (koz Au) |
Measured |
981 |
5.94 |
187.2 |
Indicated |
435 |
4.74 |
66.3 |
Measured & Indicated |
1,416 |
5.57 |
253.5 |
Waste |
192 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
Mineral Reserve Classification |
Tonnes (k) |
Grade (g/t Au) |
Contained Metal (koz Au) |
Proven |
1,114 |
5.23 |
187.2 |
Probable |
493 |
4.18 |
66.3 |
Proven & Probable9 |
1,607 |
4.91 |
253.5 |
Notes:
1. Mineral Reserves are based on Measured and Indicated Mineral Resource Classifications only.
2. Mineral Reserves are reported using the 2014 CIM Definition Standards and 2019 Best Practices Guidelines and have an effective date of March 24, 2025.
3. Mineral Reserves are defined within mine plans and incorporate mining dilution and ore losses.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 276 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
4. Underground Mineral Reserves are based on metal price of US$2,500/oz Au and are constrained within a mine design, and use process plant recoveries varying between 76 to 80% for Au.
5. An Underground economic cut-off value of US$140/t is estimated to differentiate ore from waste and is based on cost assumptions of US$99/t for mining US$23/t processing, US$18/t site general and administrative. Mineralized material above a cut-off of $90/t that is planned to be mined adjacent to economic material is identified as Marginal ore, as the revenue it generates exceeds the additional costs associated with haulage, processing and backfilling the material versus leaving it in the stope as backfill.
6. Smelter terms result in an average value paid per ounce of gold of 90.53% of the value of the gold in concentrate, after accounting for all contract terms.
7. The provided LOM block models do not track deleterious elements noted in the smelter terms, which could reduce the payable value of the concentrate. However, DynaResource asserts that penalties of this nature have not historically been assessed on any payment invoice from the existing concentrate buyer.
8. Totals may not sum due to rounding.
9. Reserves derived from marginal material total 312 kt at 2.03 g/t Au for a total contained metal content of
20.3 koz.
The underground Mineral Reserve breakdown by grade bin is shown in Table 12.5.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 12. San José de Gracia Mineral Reserve by Grade Group1 |
Mineral Reserve Classification |
Grade Group |
Bin Min |
Min Max |
Portion of Mineral Reserve Tonnes |
Portion of Mineral Reserve Au Ounces |
(g/t Au) |
(%) |
(%) |
Proven |
High Grade |
5.00 |
>5.00 |
27 |
54 |
Mid Grade |
3.00 |
5.00 |
18 |
13 |
Low Grade |
2.40 |
3.00 |
8 |
4 |
Marginal Grade |
1.55 |
2.40 |
8 |
3 |
Dilution |
>0.00 |
1.55 |
9 |
1 |
Probable |
High Grade |
5.00 |
>5.00 |
10 |
14 |
Mid Grade |
3.00 |
5.00 |
12 |
8 |
Low Grade |
2.40 |
3.00 |
3 |
2 |
Marginal Grade |
1.55 |
2.40 |
4 |
2 |
Dilution |
>0.00 |
1.55 |
2 |
0 |
Proven and Probable |
High Grade |
5.00 |
>5.00 |
37 |
68 |
Mid Grade |
3.00 |
5.00 |
29 |
21 |
Low Grade |
2.40 |
3.00 |
11 |
6 |
Marginal Grade |
1.55 |
2.40 |
12 |
5 |
Dilution |
>0.00 |
1.55 |
11 |
1 |
Note: 1 Totals may not sum due to rounding.
Approximately 68% of all Au ounces in the Mineral Reserve are from mining areas grading
>5.00 g/t Au. Approximately 23% of all mined tonnes are from areas grading at or below the economic cut-off grade, containing 6% of the Mineral Reserve Au ounces.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 277 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
13.0 Mining Methods
13.1 Introduction
The production plan focuses on a geological area characterized by narrow veins, extending over 2.75 km, as shown in Figure 13.1, and from the surface to a maximum depth of 480 m. To date, three main production zones have been identified:
San Pablo, including the San Pablo and San Pablo Sur areas;
La Mochomera, including the La Mochomera, La Unión and Purísima areas; and
Tres Amigos, including the Tres Amigos and Ciseña areas.
The La Mochomera area is connected to the San Pablo area. The Tres Amigos area is an entirely separate mining area that shares no infrastructure or access with La Mochomera or San Pablo.
A semi-mechanized cut-and-fill mining method is utilized in all areas, with production drilling using hand-held drills, and Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) mechanized units being used for material handling. The ore is extracted in variable height lifts from 1.1 to 1.5 m depending on vein dip. This method involves extracting the ore in vertical sections following the dip (inclination) of the veins until reaching a drilling depth of 1.5 m (limited by drill steel length).
Access levels are nominally spaced 15 m apart, with a 3 m thick pillar left below the next upper level to provide stability and prevent the ingress of unconsolidated backfill from the stope above entering the active mining areas. Access to the veins is through crosscuts that intersect the vein perpendicularly. The slope of the crosscuts is initially at a -15% slope; however, it is adjusted as the mining front progresses upwards, until reaching a +15% slope. Slopes are nominal limits.
The mining method in use at the project is hybrid of textbook cut-and-fill and resue mining.
For simplicity, this method will be referred to throughout as “Cut-and-Fill”. Initial development of the production sill is full-face, however, production utilizes an ore blast with minimal dilution to extract the vein, followed by a secondary waste slash to generate backfill for the stope and provide sufficient clearance for the mechanized equipment necessary to extract the material from the next lift in an overhand sequence.
The San Pablo Mine has two ramp access points: San Pablo Viejo and San Pablo Sur. Both ramp access points are used for the production from the same mineralized vein.
At the La Mochomera Mine, access is through a crosscut from the San Pablo Sur development ramp (Figure 13.2). Currently, work is being carried out on one mineralized body and plans are in place to integrate the La Unión and Purísima areas into the already developed infrastructure in this sector.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 278 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Mine Production Zones

Source: This Report
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 279 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Isometric View of Mines Looking Southeast

Source: This Report
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 280 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
The Tres Amigos Mine is an independent mineralized zone with two dedicated access points being the TAE Ramp and the TAO Ramp, which access the same mineralized body at different elevations. The infrastructure in this area also supports mining of the Ciseña area via a dedicated ramp accessed from the existing Tres Amigos ramp.
A detailed geo-technical assessment of the mine plan was scheduled and carried out by DYNA. The available geo-technical data was reviewed and used to define rock mass quality and rock mass structure domains. Geo-technical design input into the mine plan was then provided based on the domains, stability analyses and experience at the DYNA operation and other similar mines.
The design input included:
Stope dimensions and overbreak.
Dimensions for crown, Sill, rib and inter-lode pillars.
Offsets and strategies for mining around voids and historical workings.
Offsets between stopes and development.
Extraction sequencing.
13.2 Review and Limitations of Geomechanical Data
DYNA has completed an extensive campaign of underground mapping in the La Mochomera and San Pablo Zones. This Report relied on the following data collected by DYNA and contractors:
Underground Mapping;
Rock mass quality and structural mapping were completed with a total of more than 1 km of mapping available for use; and
Mapping in La Mochomera and San Pablo includes ore drifts and waste development.
DYNA reviewed the available data to assess its reliability for use in the current study and supplemented it through the targeted collection of additional.
13.3 Rock Mass Characteristics and Domain Definition
13.3.1 Intact Rock Properties
Intact rock properties were based on the results of the laboratory strength tests completed by EOSCAN and MACEP (2024-2025), underground observations, and experience at other projects in Mexico. Each of the intact rock properties are briefly discussed below.
Intact Strength: the average unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values for each of the major lithologies ranged from approximately 30 to 55 MPa. Based on underground observations, these results may under-represent the strength of the rock mass. A UCS of <20 MPa was defined for the slates or weathered metasedimentary rocks; and
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 281 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Hoek-Brown MI and Triaxial compressive strength testing and Brazilian indirect tensile strength testing have not been completed to date. Therefore, Hoek-Brown MI values were estimated based on the published typical and lower bound values for Tuff (Hoek et al., 1992). Values of 13 and 8 were selected.
13.3.2 Rock Mass Structure
The dominant discontinuity orientations observed at the mine are summarized below. Some areas, particularly in La Mochomera, are limited by a set of faults that are displacing the vein to the northwest. The principal sets of discontinuities are listed below:
Joint sets are sub-parallel to mineralization (E1). The mineralization strikes are approximately 198° and dip 50°;
Joint sets have a contrary dip to that of the Mineralization (E2). This set is controlled by inverse faults which are cutting the vein;
Joint Sets Sub-Perpendicular to the strike of the Mineralization. Joint set E5 is the most important because it is controlled by sinistral faults and has displaced the vein more than 2 meters (sub level 533 and 538 in La Mochomera); and
Sub-Horizonal Joint Set. Minor set referred to as Joint sets E3 and E4. Between E5 and E4 there may be ore traps.
These general trends were reviewed in detail for each of the areas and veins. Potential controls on the rock mass structure were evaluated, including spatial variation between and within the veins, as well as between lithologies. The final domains are listed in Table 13.1 and stereography in Figure 13.3.
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Rock Mass Domains |
ID |
Strike (°) |
Dip (°) |
E1 |
198 |
49 |
E2 |
42 |
56 |
E3 |
262 |
46 |
E4 |
271 |
25 |
E5 |
313 |
82 |
Source: DynaResource (2025)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 282 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Stereography

Source: DynaResource (2025)
13.3.3 Rock Mass Quality
The rock mass quality varies between the veins. Prior to the start of the domain definition process, a combination of underground observations, development performance, mapping RMR76,
Q method and GSI data was utilized, as follows.
La Mochomera. Three dimensional models were developed for areas of moderate and major reduced rock mass quality. Areas of moderate reduced rock mass quality are associated with RMR76 values between 40 and 50. Areas of major reduced rock mass quality are associated with RMR76 between 20 and 30. Outside of these areas, the rock mass quality ranges between RMR76 values of 55 and 60; and
San Pablo. Three Dimensional models were developed for areas of Moderate and Major reduced rock mass quality. The RMR76 data inside the reduced rock mass quality area ranges between 35 and 45 and the rock mass quality outside of the model has RMR76 values between 50 and 65.
The rock mass behavior in contact between metasedimentary rocks and the Rhyodacite can represent instability because the RMR76 values are <20.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 283 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Potential controls on the rock mass quality were evaluated, including spatial variability, position relative to the mineralization, the influence of lithology and the influence of surface effects.
The rock mass quality domains and the associated design values are summarized in Table 13.2.
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Typical Rock Mass Quality Ranges Based on RMR76 Rock Mass Classification |
Vein |
Domain |
Vein |
Immediate HW-FW |
Distal HW-FW |
La Mochomera |
Dike |
20 to 40 Poor |
20 to 50 Poor to Fair |
- |
Rhyodacite |
40-60 Fair to Good |
55 to 60 Fair to Good |
55 to 75 Good |
San Pablo |
Meta-sediments |
20 Poor |
35 Poor |
- |
Rhyodacite |
45 Fair |
50 Fair |
60 Good |
Source: DynaResource (2025)
13.3.4 Faults
The characterization of the faults, including the parameters of primary and secondary faults,
has been captured in three dimensional plans with the objective of identifying them in the planning of ramp and drift developments in ore and waste. There are several regional faults striking to the northeast and southwest and dipping to the northwest that cross-cut the veins.
13.3.5 Stress Regime
The far-field stress conditions were estimated Based on experience at other sites in Mexico as follows:
σz (MPa) = 0.025z.
KH = 1.
Kh = 1 to 0.5.
The orientation of the principal far-field horizontal stress was assumed to be perpendicular to the local strike of the veins.
13.3.6 Stope Stability
The performance of the cut-and-fill stopes was evaluated using empirical design methods developed by Ouchi et al. (2008) and Hoek and Brown (1980). The analyses considered the maximum stope span of 3.5 m and the design values for the Mineralized Zone rock mass quality domains. The results suggest that the planned stope dimensions are achievable using conventional mining practices in most cases. The stopes within the areas of major reduced rock mass quality at La Mochomera and San Pablo are expected to require upgraded ground support (i.e., shotcrete or fibrecrete). This is consistent with current mining practices within these areas.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 284 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
13.3.7 Ground Support
The current ground support standards (provided by Ávila on August 14, 2024) are summarized below for reference:
Type I and II: 2.4 m 39 mm long split set in the Back and shoulders on 1.2 x 1.2 m spacing in an overlapping dice pattern with welded wire mesh. Type I is installed to
2 m from the floor and Type II is installed to 2 m from the floor;
Type III and IV: 2.4 m long rebar in the walls on 1.5 x 1.5 m spacing in an overlapping dice pattern with welded wire mesh. Type III is installed to 1.8 m from the floor and Type IV is installed to 1 m from the floor;
Type V: In poor ground conditions, in-cycle shotcrete with a thickness of 2 inches
(5 cm) is added to the Type IV standard to within 1.8 m of the floor. In practice,
the shotcrete is typically extended to the floor; and
Intersections: 2.4 m long rebar on a 1.5 m square pattern up to a maximum span of
5.5 m and 4 m long cable bolts on a 2 m square pattern up to a maximum span of
7.5 m.
These ground support standards were reviewed relative to the opening dimensions and rock mass conditions expected over the life of mine. Although the ground support standards are reasonable for the typical conditions currently encountered at the mine, the following modifications were made for the purposes of this study, in order to reflect planned changes and current practices:
Type V: The shotcrete will be applied to the floor and a combination of short rounds and spiling with PM24 Super Swellex will be used in order to reflect current practice and recent ground support trials; and
Intersections: The maximum intersection spans were re-evaluated Based on the planned changes to the development dimensions. The maximum span for which either 2.4 m long resin rebar or PM12 Swellex bolts can be used as intersection support was increased from 5.5 m to 8 m. For intersection spans greater than 8 m, 4 m long cable bolts on a 2 m square pattern will be installed in addition to the primary ground support standard.
Several iterations of the mine plan were provided and reviewed from a geomechanical perspective. Recommendations were made from the review. The recommendations have been addressed through changes to the mine design, to achieve better ground stability.
13.4 Production Mining
The SJG Project contains mineralized zones that vary in dip and thickness along both strike and depth. Generally, the veins are relatively thin (1 to 2 m in thickness), with localized areas being thicker. Dip of the veins varies between 30 to 40° from horizontal, with local areas being steeper. Due to the thickness of the veins, full-face drilling results in excessive dilution.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 285 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Therefore, for production, the ore is initially blasted into the cut below prior to the footwall being slashed out to accommodate the machinery necessary for extraction of the next lift up. This results in the mining method being a hybrid of textbook cut-and-fill and resue mining. For simplicity, this method will be referred to throughout as “Cut-and-Fill”. An example of the progression is shown in Figure 13.4.
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Cut-and-Fill: Section View of Production Mining Sequence
Sequence progresses from left to right

Source: This Report
13.4.1 Stope Design Methodology and Mining Factors
The design of the stopes was utilizes the Mineral Resource wireframes of the veins. Production lifts were made at an average of 1.3 m vertical spacing (indicative of a 1.5 m hole depth at an average dip of 60 degrees from vertical) and on 4 m sections along the strike of the structure.
No external dilution was added to the mining shapes, however, 12% dilution was mathematically added during mine planning.
Dilution refers to the mixing of waste material (non-economic rock) with the ore during the extraction process, which reduces the average grade of the extracted ore. Rock quality directly influences the stability of the walls and roofs of the extraction voids. In low-quality rock (fractured,
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 286 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
altered or weak), it is common for fragments of waste material to break off during excavation. These factors can be attributed to areas with geological faults, hydrothermal alterations and the presence of irregular veins. In this case, a total dilution of 12% is assumed, distributed as follows: 5% due to rock quality, 5% due to mining operations and 2% due to material handling. Recent reconciliations indicate existing site dilution is ~16.6%. However, a specialized blasting contractor is being brought on board in Q2 2025, and improved surveying practices are being implemented, along with better control of ore/waste handling (tracking what is in each re-handling bay and truck to prevent ore being loaded as waste, or vice-versa), all of which management believes will achieve the desired result.
A mining loss of 5% of diluted tonnes and ounces was included to account for material planned to be extracted, but lost through any or all of: poor blasting practices/results, losses into the backfill below, poor material control (ore being loaded as waste, or vice-versa), and other mining-related reasons. Recent reconciliations indicate existing site mining loss on gold is approximately 10.2%, however, the same improvements mentioned for reducing dilution should also result in significant improvements to mining losses and achievement of the desired result.
When the diluted gold grade and mined tonnes were obtained, the revenue of each shape was determined using process plant recovery and smelter terms. Costs were subsequently attributed to shapes as described in Section 12, and each shape’s marginal profit was calculated. Stope shapes with negative marginal profit were tagged as waste. Waste shapes located beyond the economic blocks (either above, below, or along strike) were discarded from the mine plan, whereas waste shapes between economic zones of a stope were retained as mining through them was unavoidable.
Any remaining waste shape that exceeded the marginal cut-off value (e.g. had to be mined regardless of economics to reach economic ore, and whose revenue from processing would exceed the cost of transport to the mill, processing, and backfilling) were tagged as marginal. At this point, all remaining waste shapes were re-costed as per Section 12. Subsequently, the overall economics of the stope were evaluated utilizing the sum of marginal profits of marginal and economic ore, and stopes that generated negative values were either optimized until they made a profit, discarded from the mine plan. An example of this evaluation is shown in Figure 13.5.
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Example of Stope Containing Waste, Marginal and Economic Material (La Mochomera, EL 497)

Source: This Report
13.5 Development Mining
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 287 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
All mine development and ore production is carried out by specialized contractors, in compliance with technical and safety standards. DynaResource provides various services that assist the execution of mining activities (construction, survey, and electrical/mechanical maintenance in addition to some supervision). An organizational chart of the mine operations is shown in Figure 13.6.
Various development types and profiles are utilized in the mine.
Development profiles are shown in Table 13.3.
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Development Profiles |
Development Profile |
Average Price Across All 3 Contractors ($US/m) |
Width (m) |
Height (m) |
3.50 |
3.50 |
831.93 |
3.00 |
3.00 |
780.79 |
2.50 |
2.50 |
647.91 |
2.00 |
2.20 |
521.23 |
1.5 diameter raise |
446.66 |
Different profiles are used for different purposes, as described in the sub-sections below.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 288 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Organizational Chart

Source: This Report
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 289 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
13.5.1 Ramps
Main access ramps are driven at 12%, well within the performance envelope of underground equipment, allowing the safe and efficient transit of vehicles and heavy machinery (Figure 13.7).
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Ramp Development Standard

Source: This Report
13.5.2 Accesses and Sumps
Accesses are driven perpendicularly off of the ramp to intersect the veins with a slope of -15% (this slope is adjusted as the vertical cut of the vein is raised). After intersecting the vein,
an additional 10 m of development is carried out, which is used for pumping sumps to assist in development on the vein (Figures 13.8 and 13.9).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 290 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Access Development Standard

Source: This Report
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 291 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Sump Development Standard

Source: This Report
13.5.3 Sills
Development of the vein is carried out within a section of 2.0 m in width and 2.2 m in height.
This development is driven at full profile (ore and waste are taken in the same blast), resulting in high dilution but increased productivity (Figure 13.10).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 292 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Sill Development Standard

Source: This Report
13.5.4 Loading Bays
Loading bays are strategically located on the main ramp, opposite accesses. These loading bays allow the filling of haul trucks for subsequent transport to the surface. The development standard is the same as the ramp except the gradient is +2%.
13.5.5 Ventilation System
The main ventilation system is located on the ramp, ensuring adequate airflow throughout the mine. Ventilation raises of 1.5 m diameter connect at each level with ventilation crosscuts. Bulkheads and regulators are constructed in the ventilation accesses to direct the airflow as necessary (Figure 13.11).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 293 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Ventilation Access Development Standard

Source: This Report
13.5.6 Standard Level Design
Levels are developed to a standard plan, as shown in Figure 13.12.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 294 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Standard Mining Level Plan

Source: This Report
13.6 Development Schedule
The mine development plan averages ~25 m per day (mpd) from 2025 to 2028, and then declines as development is completed in 2029.
Development cost distribution is: 57% of the scheduled development is allocated to operating expenses (OPEX); 43% is allocated to capital expenditures (CAPEX) which is intended for the construction of mine infrastructure.
The development schedule plans that all required access to the Mineral Resource will be achieved by 2029, with all the necessary infrastructure in place for ore extraction. However, active production will continue until 2031, allowing for the full exploitation of the Mineral Reserves.
The mine development schedule is shown in Figure 13.13.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 295 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Mine Development Schedule

Source: This Report
Development quantities by period and profile are shown in Table 13.4.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Mine Development Quantities (meters) |
Year |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
Total |
Profile |
3.5 x 3.5 |
3,336 |
3,296 |
2,760 |
3,474 |
1,766 |
14,632 |
3.0 x 3.0 |
1,674 |
1,880 |
1,510 |
1,566 |
990 |
7,620 |
2.5 x 2.5 |
542 |
568 |
588 |
408 |
460 |
2,566 |
2.2 x 2.0 |
3,218 |
2,432 |
2,686 |
3,260 |
1,096 |
12,692 |
D 1.5 |
435 |
332 |
323 |
459 |
281 |
1,829 |
Total |
9,205 |
8,508 |
7,867 |
9,167 |
4,593 |
39,339 |
13.7 Mine Production
The mine operates under a contractor model, meaning that an external company is responsible for the extraction, transportation and processing of the ore. This allows the owner to reduce fixed costs and operational risks. No investment in fleet equipment is required for mine development and production. Contractors can adjust their capacity according to the mine's needs and bring the expertise required to achieve the desired productivity.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 296 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
The current mine plan has a production rate of approximately 230 ktpa. Historical average production capacity of 856 wet metric tonnes of ore per day at 5% moisture. However, an appreciable portion of these tonnes are diluting waste or newly discovered material that does not meet the required confidence level to be included in Mineral Reserves). Over the period encompassed by the mine plan (2025 to 2031), the average ore grade is 4.9 grams of gold per diluted tonne on 1.61 Mt for a total of 234.5 Moz Au, along with a small incidental Ag byproduct. Silver is not sampled for or included in the block model, and therefore Ag Mineral Reserves are not reported as part of the mine plan.
13.7.1 Mine Plan Summary
The annual ore mining plan is shown in Table 13.5.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Annual Ore Mining Plan |
Item |
Year |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
2031 |
Total |
Mined Tonnes (k) |
Ciseña |
- |
1 |
9 |
7 |
28 |
28 |
- |
74 |
La Mochomera |
98 |
89 |
61 |
12 |
83 |
6 |
- |
348 |
La Unión |
- |
- |
11 |
91 |
85 |
- |
- |
187 |
Purísima |
- |
- |
- |
23 |
31 |
181 |
217 |
453 |
San Pablo |
52 |
30 |
130 |
100 |
9 |
- |
- |
321 |
San Pablo Sur |
25 |
48 |
26 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
99 |
Tres Amigos |
56 |
64 |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
125 |
Total |
231 |
232 |
243 |
232 |
235 |
216 |
217 |
1,607 |
Contained Gold Mass (koz Au) |
Ciseña |
- |
0.1 |
2.9 |
2.0 |
6.3 |
8.2 |
- |
19.4 |
La Mochomera |
12.4 |
14.9 |
9.7 |
1.6 |
13.7 |
1.2 |
- |
53.6 |
La Unión |
- |
- |
1.8 |
13.0 |
12.6 |
- |
- |
27.4 |
Purísima |
- |
- |
- |
3.0 |
3.9 |
21.4 |
29.0 |
57.2 |
San Pablo |
11.5 |
4.2 |
22.6 |
20.4 |
1.8 |
- |
- |
60.4 |
San Pablo Sur |
5.7 |
8.4 |
5.3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
19.4 |
Tres Amigos |
6.5 |
9.0 |
0.6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
16.0 |
Total |
36.1 |
36.7 |
42.8 |
39.9 |
38.3 |
30.8 |
29.0 |
253.5 |
Head Grade (g/t Au) |
Ciseña |
- |
2.92 |
9.93 |
8.52 |
6.99 |
8.96 |
- |
8.20 |
La Mochomera |
3.96 |
5.23 |
4.96 |
4.20 |
5.15 |
6.29 |
- |
4.79 |
La Unión |
- |
- |
4.88 |
4.46 |
4.62 |
- |
- |
4.56 |
Purísima |
- |
- |
- |
3.99 |
3.93 |
3.66 |
4.14 |
3.93 |
San Pablo |
6.80 |
4.41 |
5.41 |
6.34 |
6.45 |
- |
- |
5.86 |
San Pablo Sur |
7.15 |
5.45 |
6.24 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
6.08 |
Tres Amigos |
3.61 |
4.36 |
3.41 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3.98 |
Average |
4.86 |
4.92 |
5.49 |
5.33 |
5.06 |
4.43 |
4.14 |
4.91 |
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 297 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
13.7.2 Production Sequence
The cut-and-fill stope development sequence is outlined below and shown in Figures 13.14 and 13.15:
Access
An access ramp is driven off the main ramp to cross-cut the vein. Since mining progresses upwards, the back of the access ramp is slashed down, with the broken rock used to bring up the floor to allow access to each sequential overhand lift as needed.
From the access, a full-face sill drift is driven on the bottom lift of the stope to the lateral extents of the ore. In cases where the stope strike extends further on higher lifts, full-face development is used to extend the lift as needed to access the ore.
Ore Production
The ore is extracted in controlled-height vertical lifts using jack-leg drills for drilling. The height of lifts is limited by steel length and vein inclination, blasthole length is limited to 1.5 m.
Extracted ore material is trammed to a loading bay and for loading into trucks. Trucks may also utilize the loading bay to dump waste backfill in for eventual placement in the stope by LHD.
Backfill
Unconsolidated rock fill is generated by waste development and used as backfill to stabilize the voids after ore extraction and preparation for the next ore lift. Backfill of this type is placed with an LHD. Some backfill is generated from footwall slashing to provide sufficient clearance for mining equipment on the next lift in the sequence.
Where insufficient development waste exists, surface quarrying is used to supplement the development waste for use in backfill.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 298 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Cut-and-Fill Cross-Section View of Access Development Sequence (View Bottom to Top)

Source: This Report
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 299 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Cut-and-Fill Longitudinal Section View Development Sequence (View Bottom to Top)

Source: This Report
13.7.3 Waste Backfill
The use of unconsolidated waste material for backfilling in the cut-and-fill mining method is a technically and environmentally sustainable strategy, reducing costs and carbon emissions versus using cemented backfill.
13.7.3.1 Sources of Waste Material
The waste material is obtained from three sources:
1. Production areas where there is no commercially valuable ore and access to, or recovery of economic zones requires mining (includes footwall slashing for equipment clearances);
2. Development waste from lateral and vertical capital development; and
3. Surface quarrying.
13.7.3.2 Waste Rock Production
The annual production of waste material, showing the expected tonnage each year, is summarized in Figure 13.16.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 300 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Mine Backfill Requirements

Source: This Report
13.8 Services
13.8.1 Service Water
The water used comes from inside the mine, primarily collected from:
Natural fractures: Groundwater that seeps through rock fractures is collected; and
Exploration drill holes: During exploratory drilling activities, aquifers or water-bearing veins are intercepted and utilized.
The collected water is pumped to the surface and stored in 10,000-liter tanks. These tanks act as reservoirs to ensure a continuous and stable supply, which is then fed into the supply system for various needs (drilling, equipment cooling, dust suppression).
For water service standardization, the main line uses 100 mm diameter piping along the ramp and ventilation raises. The secondary line uses 50 mm diameter piping, and the final delivery is through 25 mm diameter piping.
13.8.2 Dewatering
Mine dewatering is carried out through a system of auxiliary sumps located along the main ramps. The size of the sumps is designed to handle the expected water flow and ensure efficient pumping. These sumps are equipped with 11 kW pumps, forming a sump circuit every 30 meters of head (vertical height). This setup overcomes the water column and ensures efficient pumping.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 301 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
This distribution prevents pump overload and ensures uninterrupted water transport. One hundred mm diameter piping is used to transport water through the sump circuit to the surface.
This diameter is suitable for handling the flow generated by the 11 kW pumps and minimizes friction losses. The pumping flow rate is 5 liters per second (“l/s”), and the water is transported to the surface to be stored in 10,000-liter tanks before being used for mine services.
13.8.3 Compressed Air
This service originates on the mine surface using diesel-powered compressors. The service is standardized with 100 mm diameter piping in the main line (ramp and ventilation raises), 50 mm diameter piping in the secondary line, and 25 mm diameter piping for final delivery. The primary users of compressed air in the mine are:
Drilling: Compressed air is used to power the pneumatic hammers of drilling machines, providing the energy needed to drill rock;
Cleaning: Compressed air is also used to clean drill holes after drilling, removing dust and rock fragments; and
Other Pneumatic Equipment: It can be used to operate other pneumatic tools, such as hammers, impact wrenches, and auxiliary ventilation systems.
13.8.4 Electrical Power
The main distribution network is supplied by diesel-powered generators located on the mine surface. The main power line, utilizing a distribution current of 480 volts, is routed through ventilation raises, connecting the surface to the lower levels of the mine. In some sections, the ramp is also used as part of the main line. The following are the primary power draws in the mine:
Drilling Equipment (Jumbos): Electric drilling machines are powered by the network for drilling activities;
Pumping: Electric pumps used for water management are powered by the network;
Ventilation: Electric fans that ensure air injection and extraction are powered by the network;
Exploration and Delineation Machines: Specialized equipment for exploration and orebody delineation is also powered by the network; and
Cables and Conductors: High-resistance cables with special insulation are used to withstand the adverse conditions of the mine, such as humidity, dust, and vibrations. Distribution panels allow for the control and protection of electrical circuits, including switches and devices for overload and short-circuit protection.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 302 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
13.8.5 Ventilation
The ventilation system in the mine is essential to ensure a safe and healthy environment for workers, as well as to maintain optimal operating conditions. The main objectives are:
Supply a constant flow of fresh air to working areas.
Extract contaminated air, removing gases, dust, and other pollutants generated during mining operations.
Control temperature and humidity, maintaining suitable conditions for worker comfort and safety, as well as the proper functioning of operating equipment.
The ventilation system uses a pull system, whereby fans pull fresh air into the mine via development openings, and exhaust the air through raises to surface. Exhaust raises are fitted with 150 kW main fans. Areas without primary ventilation (ramp extensions) have fresh air provided via 812 mm diameter ducting and 56 kW auxiliary fans, while production areas are serviced by 19 and 37 kW auxiliary fans in ducting of 610 and 355 mm, respectively.
The ventilation circuit as shown in Figures 13.17 and 13.18 is designed following the recommendations of a specialist mining ventilation consultant (Ing. Alfredo De Haro Rodarte,
Ing Jorge Edgar Olivares Garcia), and considers factors such as:
Required airflow rate, calculated based on the number of workers, equipment, and type of operation;
Static pressure, determined by the length and diameter of the ducts, as well as friction losses; and
Air distribution, ensuring that all areas of the mine receive an adequate flow of fresh air.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 303 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. San Pablo-Mochomera Mine Ventilation System

Source: This Report
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Tres Amigos Mine Ventilation System

Source: This Report
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 304 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
The mine functionally has two ventilation circuits, one for Tres Amigos and Cisena, and one for the rest of the mine. The Tres Amigos area nominally requires a total of 39 m3/s of fresh air to efficiently support operation. Recent measurements in December 2024 showed total exhaust flow of 37 m3/s, slightly less than that requirement. The remaining mining area require 49 m3/s of fresh air to efficiently support operations. Recent measurements in December 2024 showed total exhaust flow of 31 m3/s. Upgrades to the ventilation system are being evaluated by management.
13.8.6 Diesel Supply
Diesel is transported by rented tanker trucks, which are specifically designed for the safe transport of liquid fuels. These tankers comply with safety regulations and are equipped with spill and leak prevention systems. DYNA drivers are responsible for operating the tankers and ensuring that diesel is transported safely and efficiently to the mine facilities in SJG. The frequency of tanker trips depends on the daily diesel consumption at the mine.
Diesel is stored in two tanks, one with a capacity of 20,000 litres and another with 10,000 litres. These tanks are specifically designed for liquid fuels, constructed with corrosion-resistant materials. They are equipped with ventilation systems to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors, fire protection systems, and secondary containment to prevent spills in case of leaks. An inventory control system is in place to maintain accurate records of diesel inventory, including stored quantities, daily consumption, and received deliveries.
Diesel is dispensed daily according to the needs of various equipment, primarily for electric generators, heavy machinery, compressors, and transport vehicles.
In terms of safety and environmental considerations, measures are implemented to prevent diesel spills, such as the use of secondary containers and leak detection systems. Diesel waste, such as used filters or contaminated oils, is managed in accordance with environmental regulations. Personnel responsible for diesel handling receive training in safety and emergency procedures.
13.9 Equipment for Development and Production
Contractors are responsible for providing and operating the equipment necessary for ore production. This includes heavy machinery such as:
Haul Trucks: For the transport of ore and waste material;
Jack Leg and Jumbos: For drilling blast holes in blasting operations and ground support; and
Scoop Tram: production and development support.
Contractors handle all maintenance and operation of the equipment, reducing DYNA's operational burden. Contractors can adjust the equipment fleet according to the mine's needs. The major pieces of equipment in the fleet are seen in Table 13.6.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 305 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Mine Equipment Fleet |
Classification |
Type of Equipment |
Quantity |
Capacity |
Development |
Scoop Tram |
8 |
2.7 m3 |
Production / Backfill |
Scoop Tram |
10 |
1.9 m3 |
Production / Backfill |
Scoop Tram |
1 |
1.5 m3 |
Development |
1 Boom Jumbo |
2 |
4.9 m |
Development |
1 Boom Jumbo |
2 |
3.7 m |
Development / Production |
Haulage Truck |
12 |
7 m3 |
Development/Ground Support |
Jack Leg |
33 |
1.8 or 2.4 m |
13.10 Service Equipment
DYNA provides the contractor with the benefit of certain services equipment, retaining direct control over its use and maintenance. Some equipment is rented, some is owned. Renting equipment reduces the initial investment and long-term maintenance costs. Maintenance for all service equipment is carried out by a specialized contractor, ensuring the service life of the equipment.
The equipment provided by Dyna for services is listed in Table 13.7.
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Equipment Provided by Dyna |
Classification |
Type of Equipment |
Number |
Capacity |
Owner |
Electric Service |
Power generator |
1 |
375 kW |
DYNA |
Electric Service |
Power generator |
1 |
335 kW |
DYNA |
Electric Service |
Power generator |
1 |
375 kW |
Rented |
Compressed Air Service |
Diesel-Powered Compressor |
1 |
350 l/s |
DYNA |
Compressed Air Service |
Diesel-Powered Compressor |
2 |
350 l/s |
Rented |
Compressed Air Service |
Diesel-Powered Compressor |
1 |
425 l/s |
DYNA |
Ore hauling |
Front-End loader |
3 |
3.5 m3 |
DYNA |
13.11 Haulage Routes
Two main haulage routes have been identified, corresponding to the material handling yards designated as San Pablo Yard and Tres Amigos Yard. Both routes exhibit variable topographic characteristics, with segments of different elevations and slopes, which influence the operational efficiency of mineral transport.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 306 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
13.11.1 Route to San Pablo Yard
The length of this haul route is 4.8 km and has an elevation change of approximately -220 m (Figure 13.19).
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. San Pablo Haul Route and Elevation

Source: This Report
13.11.2 Route to Tres Amigos Yard
The length of this haul route is 8.0 km and has an elevation change of approximately -260 m (Figure 13.20).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 307 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 13. Tres Amigos Haul Route and Elevation

Source: This Report
The extracted ore is temporarily stored in the designated yards, where an ore control evaluation is conducted to determine the ore's characteristics and its final destination stockpile at the processing plant. This process ensures the quality and consistency of the material sent for processing.
13.11.3 Loading and Haulage Equipment
The owner provides a front loader equipped with a weighing scale, responsible for loading the material onto the haulage trucks. At the end of each shift, the loader generates a detailed digital report that includes:
Hauled tonnage.
Number of trips made.
Haulage hours.
The haul trucks used are operated by regional contractors and are designed to transport the material from the handling yards to the process plant. The truck fleet is monitored to ensure transport efficiency and meet production requirements.
The variability of the terrain on both haulage routes necessitates constant preventive maintenance of the equipment, as well as detailed planning of transport schedules to maximize operational efficiency. Additionally, the reports generated by the front loader allow for precise control of production and equipment performance.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 308 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
13.11.4 Mine Personnel
The mine operates on a continuous schedule, with two 12-hour shifts running 7 days a week to ensure uninterrupted production. The total workforce consists of 689 personnel, including 226 company employees and 367 contractors.
Contractors represent 53% of the workforce, providing operational flexibility and specialized expertise in key areas such as drilling, haulage and backfill operations.
All personnel, including contractors, are required to complete safety training and certification programs to ensure compliance with industry standards and maintain a safe working environment.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 309 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
14.0 Processing and Recovery Methods
14.1 Process Design Criteria
The SJG Project process plant has a nominal throughput rate of 800 tpd and consists of a conventional two-stage closed crushing circuit, a mill feed system for three primary grinding mills operated in closed circuit with hydrocyclones, a multi-stage flotation process for gold-pyrite and gold-chalcopyrite sulfide concentrate, and a tailings Sepro SB750 centrifugal gravity concentrator. The final flotation concentrate is thickened, dewatered, and bagged for shipping to a smelter along with the gravity concentrate.
Flotation tailings are pumped to a wet tailings area located 360 m northeast of the process plant at 73 m elevation. The tailings are decanted and the collected process water is returned to the plant’s internal water distribution system.
The QP visited the SJG Project process plant between February 24 and 27, 2024 and confirms that it is operating at an acceptable level with required improvements underway and planned for 2025. Processing improvements and on-going maintenance are priorities for the SJG management team, and these initiatives will continue to improve process operation in terms of process steady state, minimize operational downtime, and increase and optimize recovery and concentrate production.
Feed grades and monthly processing rates for 2024 were highly variable (Figure 14.1). Improvements and consistency in early 2025 have been reported.
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Process Plant Milling Rates and Feed Grades 2024

Source: Dyna (2025)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 310 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
14.2 Process Flowsheet and Description
The SJG Project process plant includes but not limited to the following:
Two-Stage Crushing System
o Primary 24 inches x 36 inches Jaw Crusher.
o 4 ¼ ft Short Head Cone Crusher.
o ½ inch F50 for Mill Feed.
Transfer Conveyors
o 6 ft x 16 ft Multi-Deck Vibrating Screen.
Three (3) Primary Ball mills
o 500 Hp 8 ft dia. X 12 ft L.
o 300Hp 8 ft dia. X 88 ft L.
o 150 Hp Conical 8 ft dia. X 48 inches.
Closed Circuit Mills with D15 and D10 cyclones producing cyclone overflow of P50 of 200 mesh (74 µm).
Two (2) Secondary Ball Mills
o 150 Hp Conical Mill 8 ft dia. X 36 inches.
o 100 Hp 6 ft dia. X 6 ft L.
Conditioning Tank 8 ft dia. X 8 ft.
Two(2) Banks of three (3) Hybrid Flotation Cells
o Rougher and Scavenger 6 ft dia. X 12 ft.
First Cleaner Flotation: Six (6) Denver No. 24 (50 ft3/cell) Sub A.
Two Banks of Three (3) Hybrid Second Cleaner Flotation Cells 6 ft dia. X 12 ft.
One Falcon SB 750 Centrifugal Concentrator.
Concentrate Thickener 16 ft dia. X 12 ft*.
Chamber Concentrate Filter Press, 1,000 mm plates (not in operation during site visit).
Associated Milling, Flotation and Tailings Pumps.
Reagent Feeding Pumps and System.
Process equipment is illustrated in the Figures 14.2 to 14.11 below.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 311 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Mined Feed from Three Mineralized Zones

Source: D.E.N.M. (2025)
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Coarse Mineralized Material Bin
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 312 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico

Source: D.E.N.M. (2025)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 313 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. 500 Hp Primary Ball Mill Circuit 8 Feet Diameter by 12 Feet Long

Source: D.E.N.M. (2025)
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. 300 Hp Primary Ball Mill Circuit 8 Feet diameter by 8 Feet Long
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 314 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico

Source: D.E.N.M. (2025)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 315 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Crusher Mill Mineralized Material Feed

Source: D.E.N.M. (2025)
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Rougher and Scavenger Hybrid Flotation Cells

P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 316 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 317 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Denver Cleaner Flotation Cells

Source: D.E.N.M. (2025)
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Concentrate Dewatering Pits

Source: D.E.N.M. (2025)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 318 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Concentrate Bagged for Shipping

Source: D.E.N.M. (2025)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 319 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Process Flowsheet

Source: Dyna (2025)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 320 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
14.3 Summary of Mass and Water Balances
14.3.1 Tailings Water Management
As noted, flotation tailings are pumped to a wet tailings area located 360 m northeast of the process plant at 73 m elevation. The tailings are discharged at ~25% density and decanted via a berm collection system. Modifications to the pumping and tailings area are on-going with new tailings pumps and expanding tailings area. At present cycloning of the tailings is not utilized.
Based on a 629 tpd process plant throughput rate, pumping to the tailings area is at a rate of
391 USGPM (88.7 m3/h). This rate is based on operational data: solids S.G. = 2.6;
slurry density = 25%; and slurry S.G. = 1.16. The resultant placed tailings will decant to 80% solids (i.e., 20% in-situ moisture). Decanted recycle water via the berm and water collection system is gravity fed back to the process plant at a rate of 317 USGPM (72 m3/h).
Water make-up for the process plant operation only is 29 USGPM (6.6 m3/h) (refer to Figures 14.12 to 14.15).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 321 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Tailings Pit

Source: Dyna (2025)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 322 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Lined Tailings Storage Facility

Source: D.E.N.M. (2025)
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Newly Constructed Tailings Berm Facility
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 323 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico

Source: D.E.N.M. (2025)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 324 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Tailings Decanted Water Recovery – Gravity flow to Mill

Source: D.E.N.M. (2025)
14.3.2 Plant Water Supply
Water for the process plant is collected from a borehole located west/southwest from the process plant. The supply is complete with a pump and level and flow control system. The borehole is reportedly self-charging, and instances of low water flow have not been reported. During the wet system, water is abundant in the valley and collected accordingly (refer to Figure 14.16).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 325 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Process Plant Water Borehole and Pumping System

Source: D.E.N.M. (2025)
14.4 Products and Recoveries
For the year 2024, average gravity and flotation process recovery was 76% with two separate gravity and flotation concentrates bagged and shipped to off-shore smelters via the purchaser, Ocean Partners.
Processing plant statistics for 2024 are presented below in Table 14.1 and for processing plant statistics for 2025 are presented in Table 14.2. On-going improvements and mechanical reliability are expected to improve production.
Further details on production and concentrates sold in 2024 are provided in Table 14.3.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 326 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Process Plant Statistics, 2024 |
2024 |
Tonnes Processed |
Days |
Head Grade |
Concentrate |
Rec % |
Sales by Month |
Au (g/t) |
Au (kg) |
Au (oz) |
DMT Monthy |
Au (g/t) |
Au (kg) |
Au (oz) |
Au |
US$ |
DMT Monthy |
Au (g/t) |
Gross Gold Oz Monthy |
Jan |
14,583 |
30 |
4.43 |
64.619 |
2,078 |
|
|
52.150 |
1,677 |
80.70 |
1,766,427 |
702.06 |
44.22 |
998 |
Feb |
22,740 |
29 |
4.54 |
103.140 |
3,316 |
|
|
81.461 |
2,619 |
78.98 |
3,741,691 |
1,085.58 |
54.39 |
1,898 |
Mar |
24,009 |
31 |
4.41 |
105.984 |
3,407 |
|
|
83.939 |
2,699 |
79.20 |
3,920,739 |
1,130.05 |
50.72 |
1,843 |
Apr |
21,099 |
28 |
4.16 |
87.773 |
2,822 |
1,478 |
44.53 |
65.830 |
2,116 |
75.00 |
3,327,393 |
970.26 |
50.15 |
1,564 |
May |
23,808 |
31 |
4.05 |
96.422 |
3,100 |
1,361 |
52.23 |
71.077 |
2,285 |
73.72 |
4,639,964 |
1,241.24 |
53.78 |
2,146 |
Jun |
21,868 |
30 |
3.50 |
76.601 |
2,463 |
1,194 |
47.65 |
56.911 |
1,830 |
74.30 |
3,479,433 |
1,079.16 |
47.00 |
1,631 |
Jul |
21,215 |
30 |
3.82 |
81.123 |
2,608 |
1,115 |
54.30 |
60.543 |
1,947 |
74.63 |
3,924,645 |
1,242.83 |
44.42 |
1,775 |
Aug |
17,598 |
24 |
3.78 |
66.492 |
2,138 |
1,035 |
48.11 |
49.806 |
1,601 |
74.91 |
2,966,670 |
807.96 |
50.41 |
1,310 |
Sept |
23,087 |
30 |
3.75 |
86.575 |
2,783 |
1,420 |
45.84 |
65.077 |
2,092 |
75.17 |
4,494,699 |
1,370.12 |
44.07 |
1,941 |
Oct |
25,596 |
31 |
4.17 |
106.653 |
3,429 |
1,425 |
57.32 |
81.677 |
2,626 |
76.58 |
6,432,513 |
1,513.03 |
56.02 |
2,725 |
Nov |
23,108 |
30 |
4.02 |
92.862 |
2,986 |
1,348 |
50.35 |
67.861 |
2,182 |
73.08 |
4,821,435 |
1,229.90 |
52.31 |
2,068 |
Dec |
18,966 |
29 |
4.18 |
79.299 |
2,550 |
1,214 |
50.42 |
61.198 |
1,968 |
77.17 |
4,910,100 |
1,326.30 |
49.34 |
2,104 |
Total |
257,676 |
353 |
4.07 |
1047.542 |
33,679 |
|
|
797.530 |
25,641 |
76.13 |
48,425,710 |
13,698.49 |
49.96 |
22,003 |
Source: DynaResource (2025)
Notes: Rec = recovery, DMT = dry metric tonne.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 327 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Process Plant Statistics, 2025 |
2025 |
Tonnes Milled |
Days |
Ore Head |
Concentrate |
Rec % |
Sales by Month |
Au (g/t) |
Au (kg) |
Au (oz) |
DMT Monthy |
Au (g/t) |
Au (kg) |
Au (oz) |
Au |
US$ |
DMT Monthy |
Au (g/t) |
Gross Gold Oz Monthy |
Jan |
22,889 |
31 |
3.82 |
87.369 |
2,809 |
1291 |
50.18 |
64.801 |
2,083 |
74.17 |
4,731,239 |
1,238.04 |
49.74 |
1,980 |
Feb |
21,614 |
28 |
3.51 |
75.955 |
2,442 |
1211 |
46.37 |
56.162 |
1,806 |
73.94 |
4,651,182 |
1,270.01 |
46.73 |
1,908 |
YTD |
44,504 |
59 |
3.67 |
163.324 |
5,251 |
|
|
120.963 |
3,889 |
74.06 |
9,382,420 |
2,508.05 |
48.22 |
3,888 |
Source: DynaResource (2025)
Notes: Rec = recovery, DMT = dry metric tonne, YTD = year to date.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 328 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Detailed Process Plant Production |
Month |
Sales by Month |
WMT by Month |
DMT by Month |
Gold (g/t Au) |
Gross Gold Oz by Month |
Gold Oz aft .5% 7% by Month |
Recovered Oz at Plant |
Jan |
1,766,426.96 |
791.40 |
702.06 |
44.22 |
998.11 |
993.12 |
1,676.65 |
Feb |
3,741,690.50 |
1,221.03 |
1,085.58 |
54.39 |
1,898.17 |
1,888.68 |
2,619.03 |
Mar |
3,920,738.99 |
1,263.48 |
1,130.05 |
50.72 |
1,842.71 |
1,833.50 |
2,698.68 |
Apr |
3,327,393.49 |
1,084.99 |
970.26 |
50.15 |
1,564.32 |
1,556.50 |
2,116.47 |
May |
4,639,963.81 |
1,386.11 |
1,241.24 |
53.78 |
2,146.06 |
2,135.33 |
2,285.16 |
Jun |
3,479,433.23 |
1,202.41 |
1,079.16 |
47.00 |
1,630.88 |
1,622.72 |
1,830.00 |
Jul |
3,924,644.72 |
1,387.27 |
1,242.83 |
44.42 |
1,774.86 |
1,765.99 |
1,946.50 |
Aug |
2,966,670.45 |
900.62 |
807.96 |
50.41 |
1,309.59 |
1,303.04 |
1,601.30 |
Sep |
4,494,699.14 |
1,526.59 |
1,370.12 |
44.07 |
1,941.13 |
1,931.43 |
2,092.29 |
Oct |
6,432,512.67 |
1,684.81 |
1,513.03 |
56.02 |
2,725.01 |
2,711.38 |
2,447.00 |
Nov |
4,821,435.18 |
1,369.36 |
1,229.90 |
52.31 |
2,068.37 |
2,058.03 |
|
Dec |
4,910,100.50 |
1,477.74 |
1,326.30 |
49.34 |
2,104.06 |
2,093.54 |
1,968.00 |
Total |
48,425,709.65 |
15,295.81 |
13,698.49 |
|
22,003.29 |
21,893.27 |
23,281.07 |
Source: DynaResource (2025)
Prior indications of discrepancies in delivered and received assayed grades and weights are currently being addressed. Final concentrate samples are now sent to a third party and discrepancies have been reduced and minimized.
As San José de Gracia Mine is currently in operation, Dyna de Mexico provided the 2024 operation costs shown in the Table 14.4 and Table 14.5. Costs and parameters were reviewed and discussed during Author’s site visit. Labor, power, consumables and associated costs were also confirmed. Power demand for the process plant is 1,460 kw and is supplied by Comision Federal de Electricidad (“CFE”) at a cost of $US 0.13/kwh adjusted for peak usage.
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Process Operating Cost Summary |
Processing |
Cost/Month (US$) |
Processed (US$/t) |
Total (%) |
Labor (Burden Included) |
$566,833 |
$4.23 |
17.1% |
Power and Fuel |
$911,167 |
$6.80 |
27.4% |
Maintenance and Operating Consumables |
$1,342,750 |
$10.03 |
40.4% |
Support Equipment |
$503,083 |
$3.76 |
15.1% |
Total |
$3,323,833 |
$24.82 |
100.0% |
Source: DynaResource (2025)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 329 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 14. Process Operating Costs Details |
Details of Plant Operating Costs & Consumptions |
809741 |
MxP: $US-202 |
|
Labor Costs (21 Personnel) |
MXN/Per month |
11,336,667 |
XN/persona |
$US/kwh |
Power Costs |
US%/month |
911,167 |
US$/kwh |
$0.13 |
Plant Consumables |
|
|
|
|
Grinding Media |
US$/month |
245,833 |
kg/tonne |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reagents |
US$/month |
|
Q |
g/t |
|
Aerophine 3420 |
100,583 |
g/t |
30 |
|
A-31 |
101,500 |
g/t |
30 |
|
PAX |
21,500 |
g/t |
20 |
|
Frother |
27,833 |
g/t |
10 |
|
Copper Sulfate |
6,333 |
g/t |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
Crusher Liners |
US$/month |
162,500 |
|
|
Mill Liners |
US$/month |
187,250 |
|
|
|
Mill 8x12 |
83,917 |
|
|
|
Mill 8x8 |
68,917 |
|
|
|
Mill H2 |
34,417 |
|
|
|
Pump Spares |
400,750 |
|
|
|
Lub, Oil, etc. |
88,667 |
|
|
|
Support Equipment |
503,083 |
|
|
|
|
3,323,833 |
|
|
Processed (US$/t) |
|
24.82 |
|
|
Source: DynaResource (2025)
Notes: 1 80,974 is the MxP conversion for labour to US$. 2 The conversion rate used is 20MxP: 1 US$.
14.4.1 Sampling and Analysis
Process plant sampling is prepared and assayed on-site at a metallurgical and assay facility.
Plant sampling is limited and only the feed, tailings, and concentrates are manually sampled by the operators, sporadically during the day. No automatic samplers are currently utilized,
but are strongly recommended. Additional mine and process plant feed samples from the three mineralized deposits are also assayed for grade control and metallurgical confirmation.
There is currently one process weightometer belt scale on the main process plant feed conveyor. Additional units are recommended on the individual feed belts to ensure increased metallurgical balancing of the process plant.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 330 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
The laboratory has full sample preparation equipment, such as crushers, riffles, screens, and drying ovens for mine and process plant samples. The assay laboratory is equipped with an atomic adsorption spectrometer unit (“AAS”), micro-balance, and fire assay equipment.
The facility has 21 personnel dedicated for analysis and operates 24 hours per day.
The laboratory is currently not certified to any standards. Additional capital spending is budgeted to upgrade the laboratory to acceptable standards.
14.4.2 Metallurgical Testing and Process Audits
On-going metallurgical testing continues with the gravity and flotation process and planned testwork for 2025 will focus on confirmation and optimization of recoveries and grades.
On-site sampling and process plant audits have been initiated on the rougher and scavenger flotation circuit with results demonstrating better process understanding and plant operating strategy.
14.5 Recommendations for Operational Improvements
As noted, the process plant is operating at an acceptable level with required improvements underway and planned for 2025. Processing improvements and on-going maintenance are priorities for the SJG management team, and these initiatives will continue to improve process operation in terms of process steady state, minimize operational downtime, and increase and optimize recovery and concentrate production.
Current and planned improvements include:
Crushing circuit improvements to ensure consistent F80 feeds size for milling circuit;
Improve overall circuit sampling and metallurgical balances to ensure monthly reconciliation;
Installation of automatic samplers is recommended;
Improve mill feed split to the three (3) primary grinding circuits as current manual gates for splitting feed and actual tonnage rates are unknown;
Strategic installation of weightometers is recommended, preferably belt scales;
Control loop with variable speed drives to ensure consistency to mill feed and avoid surges within the circuit;
Gravity concentrators within the mill circuit;
Flotation level control on cells; including rougher cells no. 1 and no. 2;
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 331 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Revamp existing rougher and scavenger cells;
o Replace existing improper agitators with proper flotation impellers and diffusers, and
o Improved air introduction into the cells via the shaft
Improve concentrate dewatering and filtering;
o Proper operation of concentrate thickener and existing chamber press to ensure and minimize resultant shipping moistures; and
Upgrade site security with cameras and new fencing around plant and concentrate areas.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 332 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
15.0 Infrastructure
15.1 Access and Roadways
The SJG Project consists of a remote, stand-alone, operating mine and process plant complex located ~160 km north-northeast of Culiacan, the Capital of Sinaloa and the nearest major city. For this reason, DynaResource’s operation requires a significant degree of independence from publicly provided infrastructure, such as roadways, road maintenance, public transportation, and municipal services. Most of these services and related infrastructure are provided by the mine operation and a good deal of this is shared with and (or) benefits the communities in which they operate, or through which they transit. There is one major roadway to the Village of San José de Gracia, although other trails and tracks exist which can be periodically transited (mainly during the dry season) which enable transport out of the area over very rough terrain. For emergencies or expeditious purposes, air access is available to the town by single engine airplane.
15.1.1 External Access and Roadways
The only reasonably secure road access to the SJG Project, where DynaResource’s operations are located is over 84 km of ballasted road to the Town of Sinaloa de Leyva. The time required for this trip is ~4 hrs. Most of this road is in reasonably good condition in the dry season
(October through June) and can be transited freely by vehicles of up to twenty tonne capacity except for short intervals which require more frequent maintenance due to minor embankment slumping and occasional small landslides. Some areas of poor ballast or road base have been worn down to hard rock requiring fill and grading. Additionally, due to the steep terrain, there are areas of very tight switchbacks which need to be periodically widened or re-graded to allow for transit by larger vehicles.
During the rainy season, additional maintenance is required as the above issues are exacerbated by the heavy thunderstorms and the resultant high flows in all water crossings. The road suffers from erosion of top cover and the formation of potholes during this season. Most of the maintenance required is on the 40 to 50 km section of this roadway closest to the SJG Project and other select portions, are maintained by Dyna de Mexico personnel or contractors directed by Dyna de Mexico.
Sinaloa de Leyva is a transportation hub for supplies, parts and concentrate shipments.
From Sinaloa de Leyva to Guachumil, located on Federal Highway 15 the route is over paved surfaces for 70 km. However, the journey takes ~1-hr due to transiting through smaller towns.
From Guachumil, typical destinations for Dyna personnel would be:
Culiacan for government filings, licenses and permissions, purchasing parts and supplies, and some technical services, such as motor and pump refurbishing. Air service to other cities in Mexico and to Dallas in the United States of America are also available;
Mazatlán for parts, services, and some specialty equipment. Air service is available here for all parts of Mexico and direct service to the United States and Canada; and
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 333 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Manzanillo for concentrate shipments.
Distances between these destinations are shown in Table 15.1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 15. DynaResource’s Shipment and Supply Distances |
|
San José de Gracia |
Sinaloa de Leyva |
Guamuchil |
Culiacan |
Mazatlán |
Manzanillo |
San José de Gracia |
|
84 km |
154 km |
280 km |
513 km |
1199 km |
Sinaloa de Leyva |
84 km |
|
70 km |
196 km |
429 km |
1113 km |
Guamuchil |
154 km |
70 km |
|
126 km |
359 km |
1043 km |
Culiacan |
280 km |
196 km |
126 km |
|
233 km |
952 km |
Mazatlán |
513 km |
429 km |
359 km |
233 km |
|
747 km |
Manzanillo |
1199 km |
113 km |
1043 |
952 km |
|
|
15.1.2 Air Access
Within the San José de Gracia Village limits and <1 km (~650 m) from Dyna’s offices, there is a 665 m (2,200 ft) long airstrip surfaced in pea-sized gravel ~20 m wide. The airstrip runs somewhat west of north and slopes up-hill to the north. The only approach is from the south, and hence landings are slightly up-hill and take-off slightly downhill. The strip is suitable for single engine aircraft carrying up to 6 persons. Flying is normally limited to mornings, due to unpredictable winds and turbulence in the afternoons.
Flight for emergency repairs or other urgent matters are conducted from Mazatlán and Culiacan, Sinaloa. Flight time from Mazatlán is ~1 hr and 40 minutes, and 50 to 60 minutes from Culiacan.
15.1.3 Internal or Local Roadways and Transport
Currently active mine portals are located 6 and 7 km from the Village of San José de Gracia
(Figure 15.1). The mine offices, camp, and process plant are located immediately adjacent to the town. The active tailings storage facility (“TSF”) is located 260 m from the process plant.
Due to the steep terrain, and the adjacent town, a more circuitous route passing through San José de Graci Village and approaching the TSF from below requires 1.43 km of downstream buttress of the impoundment and 1.65 km to the current upper east end of the impoundment.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 334 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 15. Map of Local Mining and Processing Facilities

Source: This Report
Roads and streets are typical of small rural communities, with the majority being composed of packed earth and gravel with local sections paved with concrete. More rural routes, such as those accessing the active mines, are intermittently ballasted earthen roads, generally 1.5 to 2 lanes wide with some restricted areas of one lane. Roadways are sufficient for the transportation of material in 20 tonne capacity double axel trucks and amply sized for light vehicle traffic. Some sections are steeper than would normally be recommended, due to difficult terrain reaching gradients of 12%.
15.2 Utilities
15.2.1 Electric Power
Power to the SJG Project site and process facility is supplied by the national grid and a power line installed and controlled by the Comision Federal de Electricidad (“CFE”). The 35 kV power line was installed in March 2012 from the La Estancia area of the Municipality of Sinaloa de Leyva that is ~45 miles (75 km) in length. There is an existing contract with CFE that guarantees and delivers 1,460 kW with cost of US$0.13/kWh with adjustment for peak usage.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 335 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Power delivered is sufficient for the purpose of energizing the camp and process plant facilities. Power outages do occur, most frequently in late June through early September, the months of the heaviest rain fall. During power outages, the process plant can be operated using two diesel-fired generators providing 1,500 kW.
Electricity for underground operations is provided by generators located at the two mine portals. At Tres Amigos, there is a 500 kW Cummins 500 Generator. At the San Pablo Sur portal, serving San Pablo, San Pablo Sur and Mochomera, there are four separate generators, due to the much larger working area, more working faces, and a larger maintenance shop and office facility.
All generators are manufactured by Cummins: three Cummins 500 models and one Cummins 450 generating 500, 500, 400 and 450 kW, respectively. All these generators are either owned or under long-term lease to Dyna de Mexico.
15.2.2 Water Supply
The water source for the SJG camp is from two water wells located close to the river that runs just west of the Village of San José de Gracia. Well No. 1 is located 220 m west of the process plant on the east side of the river and 290 m west southwest of the intermediate pump station located on the historical TSF. This well is serviced by a 43 kW Flygt pump. Well No. 2 is located 290 m northeast of the process plant and pumps by means of a Flygt 45 kW pump to the intermediate pump station on the historical TSF. The pump station is a small reservoir created on the historical TSF. Water from the reservoir moves to the process plant using a 20 kW flygt pump.
Dyna de Mexico has obtained the water concession rights through CONAGUA for this water source that provides for usage of 1,000,000 m3 per year. Currently, Dyna de Mexico estimates its consumption of water to be ~10,000 liters per week (520,000 liters/year).
Dyna de Mexico operates a small potable water plant such as those common throughout Mexico. Access to this water plant is shared with the community.
15.2.3 Waste and Wastewater
There are three main sources of wastewater associated with the Project: the process plant including the laboratory, the mines, and the man camp.
The process plant is currently operating as a zero-discharge facility. Make-up water is derived from the companies supply wells and 60% of water associated with the tailings is recovered and returned to the process plant. Laboratory waste of all types, including liquids, is streamed into the process plant water supply.
Mines in the district are notably dry. The small amounts of water generated and pumped is stored in tanks at mine portals, and is subsequently used for the needs of the mine and for dust control on the roads between the mine portals, the process plant stockpile and in areas of heavy traffic in the Village of San José de Gracia.
Waste water from the camp facilities is disposed of through a septic tank and percolation system. Disposal of residual solids is managed through a licensed contractor.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 336 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Dyna maintains a solid waste landfill for solid waste. Hazardous waste is collected and disposed of by licensed contractors offsite.
15.3 Man Camp and Facilities
15.3.1 General
Dyna de Mexico manages a closed, dry camp adjacent to their process plant which provides housing, meals and basics services to a portion of their employees. Facilities are basic, however, adequate. Personal supplies and consumables are available in the adjacent Village of San José de Gracia. Other basic facilities such laundry and cleaning services are available for individuals during extended stays. The camp is connected by reliable internet service (Starlink).
15.3.2 Setting
San José de Gracia Village is a “Sindicatura” within the Municipality of Sinaloa, which has its headquarters in Sinaloa de Leyva. In 2025, the Village has a population of 2,500 inhabitants.
This figures does not include small outlying villages (Ranchos) and larger individual holdings (haciendas). Some unknown percentage of the population split residency between San José de Gracia Village and other local communities such as Guamuchil and Culiacan.
The town is immediately southwest and adjacent to the company’s camp and process plant facilities and has a few shops providing limited food, clothing and other necessities. There are a few small snack bar type restaurants which do allow for a change from camp food for professional staff. A few services are available such as mechanics and residential construction. The town and environs provide >140 employees for the operation. There is no police presence in the town proper.
15.3.3 Housing
The mine site area camp maintains facilities which can accommodate about 65 persons in
32 rooms. Mine contractors manage their own camps for their personnel. The Village of SJDG has additional rooms via hotels and boarding houses. Out of a total workforce of 223 employees,
143 reside in SJDG. The company works a mix of 5/2, 14/7 and 20/10 rosters. Many of the senior staff are from outside the area and tend to work longer shifts to accommodate travel time.
The camp provides reasonably comfortable, air-conditioned accommodation including sanitary facilities.
15.3.4 Dining
The kitchen is staffed by 5 full-time employees who deliver 4 to 5 meals per day either in a dedicated dining area or packed meals for individuals to take to their workstation. Approximately 80 people are provided with three meals per day. Most provisions from the kitchen come by truck from Guamuchil.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 337 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
15.3.5 Communication
There is phone service in the Village of San José de Gracia, but it is inconsistent and of poor quality. At the camp and mine sites, internet service is provided by Starlink services and many nodes are set up around camp. This service allows for VOIP communications worldwide and the efficient transfer of data although some accommodation needs to be made due to bandwidth with certain software. Large file transfers are best achieved using applications such as Whatsapp or WeTransfer.
15.3.6 Security
Dyna de Mexico’s camp is closed, and entry is restricted by a guard and gatehouse manned
24 hours per day. Additional security is stationed at explosive magazines.
15.3.7 Offices
Offices are available in the camp environment for various functions. Among these are human resources, purchasing, on-site accounting, community relations, safety, engineering, geology and surveying. There is also an available conference room with teleconferencing equipment allowing coordination with off-site upper management.
15.3.8 Medical Facilities
There is always a paramedic on site. Training for paramedics (TUM-B, and TUM-A) is provided and certified by the Cruz Roja De Mexico (Mexican Red Cross). A fully equipped ambulance is available on site in case of emergency. This vehicle can transport ill or injured patients to Guachumil or Culiacan as necessary. In case of more dire circumstances, Certified and experienced Air Ambulance service is available from Culiacan.
Under the authority of the Safety Supervisor, fully equipped first aid stations are in each mine,
the camp site and within the process plant facility. First aid training is given to all staff, and employees are encouraged to enroll in qualification courses given through the Red Cross with the goal of increasing the number of TUM-B QP on-site.
Additionally, Dyna has built and equipped an 8-room medical clinic which is located ~100 m from the camp gate within the Village of San José de Gracia. This facility has been donated to local authorities. This will be staffed by a full-time physician and currently dental services are being offered.
DynaResource utilizes pre-employment drug and alcohol testing programs and random alcohol testing is utilized to determine fitness to work. Education programs on drugs and alcohol are also undertaken during safety, pre-shift and production meetings.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 338 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
15.3.9 Other Services
Residents of the camp have access to laundry and daily cleaning service. Treatment of minor medical problems is available through the paramedic on staff.
15.4 Off-Site Facilities
Due to the remote location of the SJG Project, the extended time necessary to access the Project area due to rural road conditions, and the inability of large capacity trucking to navigate the steep, highly difficult roadway between Sinaloa de Leyva and San Jose de Gracia, Dyna de Mexico maintains some facilities and employees off-site.
15.4.1 Sinaloa de Leyva
In Sinaloa de Leyva, Dyna de Mexico maintains a facility whose main purpose is to transfer concentrate, which arrives from the SJG Mine in San José de Gracia Village in 1.6 tonne super sacks carried by double axel, 18-tonne capacity over-the-road trucks provided by local contractors. The super sacks are transferred into 35-tonne capacity Semi-Trailer vehicles for the 1,113 km journey to the Ocean Partners warehouse facility in Manzanillo, in Colima State. Additionally,
this site serves to some extent as a temporary warehouse for supplies and equipment destined for the operation since an economic saving is realized by using the more agile concentrate truck to transport these items to the operation.
15.4.2 Guamuchil
In Guamuchil, Dyna de Mexico maintains an administrative office which handles accounting, tax reporting, purchasing, and payroll. Additionally, there is a modest warehouse facility to hold consumables and other small parts and supplies necessary for the operation and are not readily available close to the operation proper.
15.4.3 Mazatlán
Since Mazatlán is a popular destination in Mexico for tourism and an important centre for the export of perishable goods (fruits, vegetables, and seafood), direct international flights to and from the United States of America and Canada are more frequent and accessible. It also serves as the headquarters for several significant junior to mid-sized mining and mine service companies, especially drilling and blasting contractors. For this reason, Dyna de Mexico maintains personnel in Mazatlán for the purpose of facilitating the logistics associated with these services.
15.5 Mines
Currently, Dyna is exploiting mineral from four distinct vein systems: San Pablo, San Pablo Sur, Mochomera and Tres Amigos, as shown in Figure 15.2. All except Tres Amigos are accessed through the San Pablo portal and decline. Many other sources of material are available as previously exploited veins, existing stockpiles and dumps from past operations, and presumably material to be developed based on ongoing exploration programs.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 339 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 15. Aerial View of the SJG Main Mineral Trend (Looking West)

Source: This Report
15.5.1 San Pablo and San Pablo Sur
San Pablo, San Pablo Sur are accessed via the San Pablo portal and decline as shown in
Figure 15.3. These workings have been exploited over many years, and still present opportunities along strike and at depth. Mining is performed by cut-and-fill. Material is blasted and removed sufficiently to allow access for stabilization of the back, and then to allow for the next lift to be drilled. This is performed three to four times until the required level height is reached.
Then all material is removed and fill generated from development or excavated on the surface is placed and leveled to permit the cycle to continue above. Backs and walls are bolted with split sets where necessary (Figure 15.4).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 340 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 15. Common Portal for San Pablo, San Pablo Sur, and Mochomera

Source: This Report
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 15. Longitudinal Projection of San Pablo and San Pablo Sur

Source: This Report
Operations are carried out by contractors using a variety of equipment including 2.0 and 2.7 m3 scoop trams, jackleg drills, and various single and double axle trucks. Direction is provided by Dyna de Mexico staff. Blasted ore is removed from the mine to the lay down area in separate one truck load piles for sampling to provide adequate ore blending for the process plant.
Ventilation in the mine is assisted by fans installed at surface; however, the exhaust air exits through existing workings to the surface. Secondary escapeways consist of well-marked mine
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 341 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
working no longer in use which lead to surface. Limited pumping is performed since the workings are relatively dry. Occasional accumulations of water are pumped to the surface and held for mine purposes and dust control in and around the mines and haul roads.
15.5.2 Mochomera
Mochomera is accessed through the same portal and decline system as the San Pablo and San Pablo Sur ore bodies. It is located subparallel and to the north and west of the San Pablo workings.
Methods of work, ventilation, pumping and escape ways are essentially of the same character as those in San Pablo. A ventilation raise to surface is planned soon to permit cleaner air in the working areas (Figure 15.5).
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 15. Mochomera Longitudinal Projection

Source: This Report
15.5.3 Tres Amigos
Tres Amigos has been in exploitation for a considerable time and currently is operated to recover marginal ore on the fringes of the main vein mineralization. There is additional potential to the northeast and at depth. Work here is performed by a contractor as well with some equipment provided by Dyna de Mexico (Figure 15.6 and 15.7).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 342 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 15. Tres Amigos Portal

Source: This Report
Operations here are like the San Pablo Mine with ore removed to the lay down area for sampling to allow for accurate mixing. Development material is used as back fill with additional material needed being pulled from existing surface dumps. Ore grade material is laid out in one truckload piles for sampling and mixing before being transported to the process plant.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 343 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 15. Longitudinal Projection of Tres Amigos

Source: This Report
Note: grey = mine workings, red = mineral blocks.
15.6 Mine Support
15.6.1 Office
An office building with a large conference or meeting room (Figure 15.8) is located centrally to both active mine portals. Pre-shift meetings and planning sessions are held here, and the facility is sufficient to house all supervisory personnel from the operation including Dyna Staff and contractors. There is internet and hence VOIP telecommunications.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 344 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 15. Mine Office Facility

Source: This Report
15.6.2 Ore Lay Down Areas
There are ample broken ore lay down areas at the two current mine portals. These areas allow for safe operation of multiple pieces of equipment, including loaded trucks coming from the mine with ore, trucks hauling waste from the mine, trucks and loaders blending material to be sent to the process plant, vehicles making supplies deliveries, light vehicles carrying supervisory staff, and the transit of various pieces of mine equipment.
15.6.3 Transportation
Supervisory staff are transported to the mine in light vehicles at their own schedule. Shift workers are brought to the mine in anticipation of their shift in buses.
15.6.4 Trucking
A combination of the contractor’s trucks and several local independent contractors provide transportation for material and supplies to the SJG Operation from San José de Gracia Village.
Ore for the process plant is blended and loaded on the lay down areas after assay results from sampling are received. Some waste material from surface is moved underground from the lay down areas to provide additional fill. Trucks are also utilized to haul broken material to surface from underground stockpiles created by scoop trams.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 345 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
15.6.5 Shops
Two mine contractors are utilized, and each maintains a shop near the portal of mines where routine maintenance, some rebuilding, welding, and hardfacing are performed.
15.6.6 Bodega
A small, locked bodega is maintained at each lay down area for everyday consumables and hand tools. This includes safety equipment, rock bolts, pipe fittings and other small items,
15.6.7 Generators
Generators are maintained at both portals for electric power.
15.6.8 Compressed Air
Compressors are operated at each portal for operating drills, jumbos and other equipment.
Three Dyna owned compressors are in service at Tres Amigos. Two Sullair compressors with
350 l/s capacity and one Atlas Copco with a capcity of 500 l/s. Three compressors are located at the San Pablo Portal. Two Dyna owned Sullair machines generate 500 and 425 l/s, respectively.
These compressors are augmented by a rented Sullair machine on long-term lease yielding
350 l/s.
15.6.9 Magazines
Four explosive magazines are maintained in a secure compound with 24-hour guard service.
Two of the magazines contain high explosives and ANFO with a total permitted capacity of 86 tonnes, and two magazines are for fuses, caps, det. cord, delays, connectors, etc. Licenses for all magazines are issued by Secretaria de Defensa Nacional (“SEDENA”, the Mexican authority for arms and explosives. and are renewed annually. The current permit expires 27 September 2025.
15.6.10 Fuel
One-thousand liter tanks for diesel storage are placed at each mine portal for daily consumption. These are replenished as needed by Dyna from their larger fuel store near the process plant. Mining contractors are responsible for their own fuel expenses; therefore, these deliveries are discounted from subsequent billings.
15.7 Tailings Storage Facility
Tailings are pumped uphill from the process plant to the TSF with a 10 x 15 cm positive displacement pump (Figure 15.9).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 346 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 15. Aerial view of the TSF (Looking Southwest)

Source: This Report
The TSF is built in phases with the third phase currently under construction and in use. The facility is a concrete-buttressed, HDPE-lined impoundment using cycloned coarse material to contain fines and slimes that settle and dewater in the center of the impoundment. Currently, 5.5 ha of the permitted area is lined. Decanted water is covered by rafted pumps and returned to the process plant.
The current Phase III is permitted to occupy a total of 6 ha with the follow-on Phase IV to expand to 11 ha (also permitted). Phase three has a capacity of 1.3 million tonnes of material or ~52 months of operation.
15.8 Warehousing
Dyna de Mexico maintains warehouses or storage facilities in various areas depending on use and level of security.
15.8.1 Process Plant
The Company’s principal storage is adjacent to the process plant and houses all plant consumable, safety equipment, replacement parts, tires, tools, equipment, lubricants, laboratory supplies, and
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 347 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
essentially all valuables and consumables of the operation. A separate enclosure serves as reagent storage. Access is limited and a warehouse manager is present.
This warehouse also manages fuel. Dyna de Mexico maintains up to 30,000 liters of diesel fuel on site in two tanks of 20,000 and 10,000 liters. There is an additional small amount of gasoline on the order of 200 liters used for small, motorized equipment.
15.8.2 Guamuchil
In Guamuchil, Dyna de Mexico maintains a warehouse for transshipment. This warehouse is essentially a receiving and dispatching warehouse used to handle purchases and supplies from all over Mexico, though mainly from Guamuchil, Los Mochis, and Culiacan, where the majority of consumable are sourced. This facility is managed by the purchasing and accounting personnel in Guamuchil.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 348 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
16.0 Market Studies
16.1 Overview
As of 2024, un-mined global gold Mineral Reserves are estimated at ~59,000 t (statista.com). These unmined Mineral Reserves are distributed unevenly across various countries, with the largest Mineral Reserves held by:
Australia: 16.2%.
Russia: 10.4%.
South Africa: 6.3%.
As of December 2024, global central bank gold reserves totaled approximately 35,600 tonnes, marking the highest level since 1992 (gold.org). The International Monetary Fund (“IMF”) maintains significant gold holdings, amounting to 2,814 t (en.wikipedia.org).
Combining these figures, official institutions, including central banks and the IMF,
hold approximately 38,400 t of gold. Estimating the total amount of gold held by private financial institutions is merely speculative due to limited or no disclosure requirements and the various types of entities. Precise figures for gold holdings by private financial institutions are not readily available.
Gold is introduced to the market from three sources: primary mining, by-product production from other mines, notably copper and other base metal mines, and recycling (Figure 16.1).
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 16. Gold Market Sources

Formal mining companies (national, public, and private) represent most of the world gold production. Due to the expense of exploration and sustainable and economically sound development, production and final reclamation, these companies do not react rapidly to changing economic conditions. This leads to some Mineral Resources remaining undeveloped until there is a reasonable expectation of a stable environment for the operator to at least recover initial investment. Some gold deposits, having been discovered, remain in inventory for long periods of time due to price and cost environment, political situations in host countries or regions,
or technological difficulties for which a solution needs to be found (generally involving either access or metallurgical extraction).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 349 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (“ASGM”) accounts for an estimated 15 to 20% of global gold production. This sector involves millions of miners worldwide, particularly in developing countries across Africa, Asia, and South America. Although ASGM contributes significantly to gold supply, it operates informally and faces challenges, such as environmental impact, lack of regulation, and worker safety concerns. Despite these challenges, ASGM remains a crucial livelihood for many communities, providing economic opportunities, where large-scale mining is not feasible. ASGM also reacts more quickly to fluctuations in the economic environment due to the significantly lower cost of equipment, the mobility of equipment allowing for a change of location of operations, and in most cases a lack of strict environmental and governmental controls. Recently, a good deal of AGSM is conducted or funded by international criminal organizations as it uses many of the same techniques to extract mineral content as the artisanal diamond industry and offers the same mobility of assets desired by these groups.
16.2 Production Techniques
There are four basic methods for recovering gold or doré (an alloy of gold and silver and to some small degree some base metals) in modern, non-artisanal underground and surface operations. Three of these involve grinding ore in mills, normally in the presence of water. After grinding to a predetermined size, material can be recovered by gravity. Gold with a specific gravity of 19 g/cc is easily recovered if grain size is sufficiently large and liberated from gangue (waste) material. Various devices are utilized for this purpose, such as jigs, gold traps, vibrating concentrating tables, and centrifugal concentrators. The advantages of these techniques is that coarse gold can take less time to process than other techniques which require more reagents and energy. Recovered coarse gold pays at a significantly higher price, due to the ease of refining and the lower cost of transportation.
Ground ore (pulp) can also be leached using caustic solutions of sodium cyanide Other Lixiviants are occasionally used, however, >95% of operations use sodium cyanide. Material is agitated in vats or tanks until leaching is complete and then either the liquid portion is passed over activated carbon, or activated carbon is added to the ground material. Carbon adsorbs the gold from solution and then can be recovered from the carbon in the plants refining process (not to be confused with metal refining). An exception occurs when deposits have a silver-to-gold ratio higher than 6:1.
In such instances, the Merrill-Crowe process becomes necessary. This process removes the precious metals in the clear leaching liquor, de-oxygenates it by passing it through a vacuum, and then adding zinc dust to the solution. Zinc replaces the precious metals in solution and a sludge can be recovered by filtering and then smelted to create doré.
A third method primarily used in base metals mines, but commonly in gold mines too, is flotation. Here again, the ore is ground conditioned with a few chemicals which attach to the metallic particles in the ore and the attach to a liquid gas interface created by injecting air to create bubbles in the mix. The metal particles are floated to the surface as froth, and the overflow is collected as a concentrate. In base metals mines, the precious metals are subsequently recovered when the concentrate is sent off site for smelting and refining. The Grasberg Copper Mine in Indonesia is the 3rd largest gold mine in the world.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 350 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
A final method is heap leaching. In this method, the ore is crushed but hardly ever ground and then stacked on impermeable pads. This material is sprayed with sodium cyanide solution which percolates through the ore, leaches the gold particles into a pregnant solution and reaches the impermeable layer. Subsequently the gold bearing solution, flows downhill to be collected and then can either passed through carbon filled towers to have the carbon adsorb the gold, or the Merrill-Crowe process is employed. Many techniques are used to enhance the permeability of the heaps of ore and to ensure the solution contacts the gold particles in the ore.
Except for flotation, all these techniques generate gold alloyed with other metals. These are sent to refiners who generate the final product.
16.3 Supply
Gold is produced on every continent except Antarctica. Approximately 3,600 t of gold are produced annually worldwide (Table 16.1). The ten largest gold producing countries are shown in Figure 16.2. China is the largest producer of gold, although none of the ten largest gold mines in the world are located there. A large component of Chinese gold production is by-product from copper mining and smelting.
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 16.
Total Gold Supply 2023 and 2024

Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 16. Ten Largest Gold Producing Countries

Source: World Gold Council
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 351 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
With respect to distribution, Africa, closely followed by Asia, produces the most gold as shown in Table 16.2. Mega-mines, such as Muruntau in Uzbekistan, The Witwatersrand in South Africa and the Gold fields in Ghana, are incredibly large sources of gold. The totals for production do not reflect the sales of scrap and recycled gold. Recycled gold from other uses meets the demand.
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 16.
World Gold Production by Region 2010 to 2023

Source: World Gold Council
16.4 Demand
Overall, gold demand for various purposes was approximately 4,500 t for the last two years
(Figure 16.3). Jewelry fabrication is the single highest consumer of gold although jewelry is considered an investment in many cultures, particularly the two largest consumers of fabricated jewelry, China, and India. In general, the four major areas of demand are jewelry, technology/electronics, central bank holdings, and investment/safe haven holdings.
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 16. Gold Consumption by Category 2010 to 2023

Source: World Gold Council
A more detailed look demonstrates that jewelry and investment products plus other minor industries make a more complicated mosaic of the demand picture (Figure 16.4).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 352 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 16. Gold Usage

Source: World Gold Council
16.5 Balance in the Gold Market
A look at the balance in the gold market gives a better appreciation of how supply and demand are well matched in the gold market (Table 16.3).
Balance in the gold market is achieved when the forces of supply and demand are stable, preventing extreme price volatility. This equilibrium is influenced by factors such as mining production, central bank reserves, jewelry and industrial demand, investment flows, and macroeconomic conditions. When demand for gold as a safe-haven asset rises, commonly due to economic uncertainty or inflation, prices tend to increase unless offset by higher supply from mining or recycled gold. Conversely, if supply outpaces demand, prices may decline.
Central banks also play a crucial role in maintaining balance, as their buying or selling activities can impact global gold reserves and influence market sentiment. Achieving stability in the gold market requires a delicate interplay of these factors, as shifts in investor confidence, geopolitical events, or monetary policies can disrupt the balance, leading to fluctuations in gold prices.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 353 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 16. Gold Supply and Demand (tonnes) |
Item |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
Supply |
Mine production |
3,484.0 |
3,572.8 |
3,631.7 |
3,644.1 |
3,661.2 |
Net producer hedging |
-36.6 |
-5.4 |
-12.3 |
67.4 |
-56.8 |
Recycled gold |
1,293.1 |
1,135.8 |
1,136.3 |
1,234.4 |
1,370.0 |
Total supply |
4,740.5 |
4,703.2 |
4,755.7 |
4,945.9 |
4,974.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Demand |
Jewelry fabrication |
1,323.7 |
2,230.8 |
2,195.3 |
2,191.0 |
2,003.5 |
Jewelry consumption |
1,398.0 |
2,148.1 |
2,087.8 |
2,110.6 |
1,877.1 |
Jewelry inventory |
-74.3 |
82.7 |
107.5 |
80.4 |
126.4 |
Technology |
309.0 |
337.2 |
314.8 |
305.2 |
326.1 |
Electronics |
255.3 |
278.7 |
257.7 |
248.7 |
270.6 |
Other industrial |
41.9 |
47.1 |
46.8 |
47.1 |
46.5 |
Dentistry |
11.9 |
11.4 |
10.3 |
9.4 |
8.9 |
Investment |
1,794.9 |
991.5 |
1,112.5 |
945.5 |
1,179.5 |
Total bar and coin |
902.3 |
1,180.3 |
1,222.1 |
1,189.8 |
1,186.3 |
Bars |
542.8 |
810.9 |
802.2 |
781.7 |
860.0 |
Official coins |
290.4 |
284.4 |
320.9 |
293.5 |
201.0 |
Medals/Imitation coins |
69.1 |
84.9 |
98.9 |
114.6 |
125.2 |
ETFs & similar products |
892.5 |
-188.8 |
-109.5 |
-244.2 |
-6.8 |
Central banks & other inst. |
254.9 |
450.1 |
1,080.0 |
1,050.8 |
1,044.6 |
Gold demand |
3,682.6 |
4,009.6 |
4,702.6 |
4,492.5 |
4,553.7 |
OTC and other |
1,057.9 |
693.6 |
53.1 |
453.4 |
420.7 |
Total demand |
4,740.5 |
4,703.2 |
4,755.7 |
4,945.9 |
4,974.5 |
Source: World Gold Council
The opposing forces of economic stability and confidence versus global political uncertainty,
the status of inflation and central bank policy, keep a very clear balance between production or supply and consumption or demand and any shortfall or surplus is accommodated by investors or consumers adapting to circumstances on ta large scale such a manufactures, central banks,
or investors, or on a smaller scale such as OTC transactions between individuals or private purchases outside regulated exchanges, and inventory adjustments at exchanges or fabricators.
16.6 Forecast
Gold price, unlike other industrial metals, is not determined purely by the balance between supply and fabrication demand, however, rather by the elevated levels of investment holdings, which is the function of the geopolitical and economic outlook.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 354 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Forecasting metal prices over a five-year horizon involves considerable uncertainty due to various economic, geopolitical, and market factors. However, many sources have provided projections for gold and other metals. Such projections are incorrect due to the vagaries of the financial markets, where large consumers tend to affect prices. The impossibility of foreseeing such occurrences of natural disasters, armed conflict, and other “Black Swan” events makes forecasting difficult.
A 2021 Statement by WGC: “Gold prices are likely to follow a downward trend for the following three years as post-pandemic monetary policies continue to normalize, with annual prices slipping from $1,799 /oz in 2021 to $1,676/oz by 2024. Bullish sentiment is expected to return in 2025 and drive prices up to reach $1,762 /oz and later $1,890 /oz in 2026.” Even very well-informed people can miss predictive targets in periods of volatility (Figure 16.5).
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 16. Gold Price Chart 2016 to 2025

Forecasting metal prices over a five-year horizon involves considerable uncertainty due to various economic, geopolitical, and market factors. However, several reputable sources (Figure 16.6) have provided projections for gold and other metals.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 355 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 16. Gold Price Forecast Examples

Analyst’s forecasts for gold prices for extended periods such as 60 months into the future are rare due to the uncertainty of markets. Many factors outside the commercial environment for gold affect the price. These include global economic health, geopolitical stability, level of inflation and central bank policies.
One prediction for the upcoming 12 months that shows a steady predicted increase in metal prices (except for lead) for the next three quarters is represented in Table 16.4.
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 16.
Metal Price 12 Month Prediction

Source: Trading Economics (3/4/2025)
16.7 Corporate Prospects
DynaResource (Dyna de Mexico) has recently completed a plan of operations forecasting mine and process plant production through to calendar year 2031. Currently an amended contract is in place for the purchase of all gold concentrates from the SJG Project Mine in Sinaloa. Concentrates will be delivered to the buyers warehouse in Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico. The plan of operations projects production of metal as shown in Table 16.5. The percentage paid for contained ounces based on grams of contained gold per tonne of concentrate is shown in Table 16.6. Concentrate typically runs >60 g/t, therefore a factor 94.75% is most accurate, except for some lower-grade gravity concentrates. Some deductions apply for deleterious metals, such as lead, arsenic and
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 356 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
antimony, in the concentrate, and a standard deduction of two grams of gold content per tonne of concentrate. There is a slight credit given for silver content.
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 16.
Projected Gold Production 2025-2029

Source: DynaResource
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 16.
Projected Gold Concentrate Payment Schedule

Source: DynaResource
The corporate projections use a very conservative figure for sales price of metal, and based on the relatively small quantity of gold produced at SJG Project compared to overall Mexican gold production of 4,083,207 oz in 2023, and 4,179,699 oz in 2024, according to estimates by the U.S. Geological Survey. Under the existing offtake agreement, the Company will be able to sell all its production at or above the prevailing price, most likely above the figure used in its internal forecasts.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 357 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
17.0 Environmental Studies, Permitting, and Plans, Negotiations, or Agreements with Local Individuals or Groups
DynaResource operates the SJG Project moderate tonnage per day mining and mineral processing facilities in the State of Sinaloa. Approximately 800 tpd of mineralized material is crushed, ground, and subjected to froth flotation to produce a saleable gold concentrate.
The SJG Project Property is located in the Culiacan Mining District of Sinaloa State, Mexico approximately 120 km east-northeast of the coastal City of Los Mochis (Figure 17.1).
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 17. SJG Project Location

Source: Modified by P&E (This Report) from DynaResource Annual Report (2024)
The SJG Project Property is located in and around the Village of San José de Gracia, ~100 km north of Guamuchil, on the west side of Mexico. The Village of San José de Gracia has a small airstrip and can be accessed by a small airplane, or alternatively, by a dirt mountain road.
The roads providing access to the SJG Project are accessible year-round.
Plans are in place to increase processed tonnage to 900 tpd and to improve gold recovery by producing a gravity concentrate in advance of the flotation stage. Two concentrates will be produced: 1) a high-grade gravity concentrate; and 2) a modest grade flotation concentrate.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 358 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Environmentally, there will be no significant potential impact. In the immediate term,
the application of a cyanide leaching-based extraction and further concentration step will not be included.
17.1 Required Permits for Gold Exploration, Drilling and Mining
With respect to permit requirements for mineral exploration, mining and processing in Mexico, the most relevant applicable laws, regulations and technical requirements are outlined in the Federal Mining Act. The Regulations of the Act, the Federal Environmental Protection and Ecological Equilibrium Act, and its Regulations, the Federal Sustainable Forestry Development Act and its Regulations, the Federal Explosives and Firearms Act, the National Waters Act and the Mexican Official Norm 120 (NOM-120) are applicable.
For exploration proposals, holders of mining concessions in Mexico are required to make application to Federal Secretariat of the Environment and Natural Resources (“SEMARNAT”) via a “Notice of Commencement of Exploration Activities” or “Preventive Exploration Notice (“IP”) in accordance with the guidelines of the Mexican Official Norm 120 (“NOM-120”).
If contemplated mineral exploration activities fall outside of the parameters defined by SEMARNAT, a “Change of Land Use Permit Application” (“CSUP”) is required to be filed under the guidelines of the Federal Sustainable Forestry Development Act and its Regulations. To meet the requirements for issuance of CSUP, the applicant must file together with the CSUP Application a Technical Study (“A Technical Justification Study”) to justify the change of land use from forestry to mining, to demonstrate that biodiversity will not be compromised, and that there will be no soil erosion or water quality deterioration on completion of the mineral exploration activities.
For the use of explosives materials exploration or mining activities, an Application for General Permit for Use, Consumption and Storage of Explosive (“GPCSE”) is required to be filed at the offices of the Secretariat of National Defense (“SEDENA”).
Under the Federal Mining Act, holders of mining concessions in Mexico have the right to the use of the water coming from the mining works. Certification access to other water resources and (or) issuance of water rights concessions are required from the National Water Commission (“CONAGUA”) under the guidelines of the National Waters Act.
As a pre-requisite for issuance of an CSUP, Article 118 of the Federal Sustainable Forestry Development Act provides the posting of a bond to the Mexican Forestry Fund for remediation, restoration and reforestation of the areas impacted by the mineral exploration and exploitation activities.
As a pre-requisite for approval of operations , the Federal Environmental Protection and Ecological Equilibrium Act and its Regulations require the posting of a financially-assured bond to guarantee remediation and rehabilitation of the areas impacted by mining activities.
SEMARNAT is the office of the Federal Government of Mexico responsible for the review and issuance of a CSUP, the review of a Technical Justification Study, and the filing of NOM-120, which is a notice to SEMARNAT. The Federal Attorney´s Office for the Protection of the
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 359 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Environment (“PROFEPA”) is the enforcement branch of SEMARNAT that is responsible for the monitoring and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations.
CONAGUA is the office responsible for certification of water rights and issuance of water rights concessions.
Processing time for review and approval of a CSUP Application and Technical Justification Study is typically four months. Processing time for review and approval of an environment permit – Manifesto Impacto Ambiental (“MIA”) varies depending on workload of SEMARNAT regional office where application is filed, but is typically six months.
Processing time for issuance of a Water Rights Concession by CONAGUA is ~6 months.
17.2 Historical Dyna de Mexico Permitting
Exploration Permit
On June 28, 2010, Dyna de Mexico filed a Preventive Exploration Notice (an “IP”) at the office of SEMARNAT in connection with contemplated mineral exploration activities at the La Prieta, San Pablo, La Purísima, La Unión, Tres Amigos, and La Ceceña areas of the SJG Project. On July 21, 2010, SEMARNAT approved, for a term of 36 months, the execution of the mineral exploration activities at SJG set out in the IP, as it determined that such activities fall within the framework of the NOM-120, subject to the following two conditions: 1) filing and approval by SEMARNAT of a CSUP with respect to SJG (see below); and 2) posting of a bond in the amount of $134,487 Pesos to guarantee remediation and rehabilitation measures following the conclusion of the mineral exploration activities.
Change of Soil Use Permit
On August 9, 2010, Dyna de Mexico filed at the offices of SEMARNAT a CSUP Application and Technical Justification Study to carry out certain mineral exploration activities set out in the IP approved by SEMARNAT on July 21, 2010 (see above) at the La Prieta, San Pablo, La Purísima, La Unión, Tres Amigos and La Ceceña areas of SJG. On December 20, 2010, SEMARNAT approved the CSUP Application filed by Dyna de Mexico with respect to SJG and authorized Dyna de Mexico the execution of mineral exploration activities on 5.463 ha of SJG for a term of 36 months.
Explosives Permit
On February 10, 2003, SEDENA approved a General Permit for Use, Consumption and Storage of Explosives for use and storage of explosives materials in SJG. In June 2006, Dyna de Mexico ceased use of explosive materials in its mining activities at SJG and requested SEDENA to suspend the Explosives Permit. The Dyna de Mexico Explosives Permit has been temporarily suspended by SEDENA and Dyna de Mexico is required to file a re-activation application to re-activate the Permit.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 360 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Water Rights Certification
On March 8, 2012, the Director of Water Administration of CONAGUA certified in writing the rights of Dyna de Mexico to use, exploit and extract 1,000,000 m3 of water per year from the company´s extraction infrastructure located in SJG. CONAGUA determined that Dyna de Mexico´s water rights are not subject to any other water rights concession or any other water extraction restriction. Water extracted by Dyna de Mexico will be subject to applicable levies imposed by the Mexican tax authorities under applicable tax laws. The bonding requirements are:
Under the CSUP issued to Dyna de Mexico on December 20, 2010, SEMARNAT imposed on Dyna de Mexico a bonding obligation of $116,911M x $ for re-forestation and remediation measures at SJG. The Bond was posted by Dyna de Mexico; and
Under the IP approved by SEMARNAT on July 21, 2010, SEMARNAT imposed on Dyna de Mexico a posting obligation in the amount of $134,487 Pesos to guarantee remediation and rehabilitation measures following the conclusion of the mineral exploration activities under the IP. The Bond was posted by Dyna de Mexico.
Dyna de Mexico has sought and obtained all required environmental permits, temporary land occupation rights and consent letters from the regulatory agencies, local municipalities and the State of Sinaloa required to complete the recent mining, production, exploration, and drilling activities on the four main deposit areas at SJG. Dyna de Mexico is expected to be required to obtain further permits to complete additional exploration activities and future mining and processing activities. Limited permit applications are anticipated to be applied as a result of the modestly altered 2025 processing strategy.
The SJG Project Mine holds the following Federal Permits and registrations:
CONAGUA002, Exploitation of Underground water, 2013.
LAU Processing Plant, 2019.
CONAGUA003, Exploitation of Underground water, 2015.
Exemption underground exploitation San Pablo Mine, 2013.
Exemption Environmental Impact Manifest, SEMARNAT Resolutive, Underground Exploitation 080613 Ad 2013.
Exemption Environmental Impact Manifest Resolutive SEMARNAT, Rehabilitation, Maintenance and Re-use, Flotation Plant 2013.
Exemption, Underground exploitation, Re-use, 2013.
Preventive Report (IP), Mining Exploration, 2018.
Register in SEMARNAT, Dangerous Waste.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 361 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Exemption, Resolutive to Presentation of MIA, Underground Exploitation, 082115.
Application of Exemption MIA, Mill Plant and Tailings Dam.
Summary of Environmental Updates, San José de Gracia Mine.
Forest, Change of Land Use, Exploration 2010.
Environmental Impact Statement (MIA) Exemption.
Justified Technical Studies for Mina San Pablo, La Union, Purisima, Tres Amigos.
Act of Land Use Change (CUS).
Explosives Use and Storage Permit.
All Labor and Securities permitting.
17.3 Surface Lease Agreements
In addition to surface rights retained pursuant to the Mining Act of Mexico and its Regulations (Ley Minera y su Reglamento), Dyna de Mexico also maintains access and surface rights to virtually all the SJG Project area pursuant to a surface lease agreement entitled “Land Occupation Agreement” between the El Ejido Santa Maria and Dyna de Mexico, dated May 12, 2002
(the “SJG Project Surface Lease”) (Figure 17.2). This surface lease covers 28,295 ha (Figure 17.2). The term of the SJG Project Surface Lease is 30 years and, according to the 2025 SJG Legal Opinion, it is understood that the current agreement is in good standing.
Under the 30-year agreement with the Santa Maria Ejido, the Land in Common Use that covers the SJG Project area is 4,399 ha in size (Figure 17.2). Dyna de Mexico has no future financial obligations to maintain the SJG Project Surface Lease. However, Dyna de Mexico is required to execute mining activities in accordance with applicable Mexican environmental, mining and labor laws, and regulations.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 362 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 17. The Lands of the Land Occupation Agreement with Santa Maria Ejido

Source: DynaResource (This Report)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 363 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
18.0 Capital and Operating Costs
The estimated capital and operating costs related to the operation of the mining and processing facilities are provided in this section.
All capital and operating cost estimates are shown in US dollars as at Q2 2025, unless otherwise stipulated.
18.1 Capital Cost Estimates
Capital cost estimates includes: mine development sustaining capital; additional development costs; external G&A; other sustaining CAPEX; IVA costs and credits; mining duties / withholding taxes; site infrastructure; plant filtration presses and closure / reclamation costs. The LOM total capital cost, for the years 2025 to 2031, is estimated at $81.4M, averaging $50.67/t processed.
A breakdown of these estimates is provided in Table 18.1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Summary of Total LOM Capital Costs ($k) |
Item / Year |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
2031 |
Total |
Sustaining Capital (U/G Development) |
5,006 |
4,925 |
4,290 |
5,019 |
2,908 |
0 |
0 |
22,148 |
Additional Development |
1,151 |
774 |
0 |
750 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2,675 |
External G&A (Owner's Cost) |
1,486 |
1,486 |
1,486 |
1,486 |
1,486 |
1,486 |
1,486 |
10,400 |
Sustaining Capital (Other) |
3,190 |
1,990 |
4,104 |
3,900 |
3,900 |
3,900 |
1,700 |
22,684 |
IVA Movement |
2,861 |
-6,434 |
-6,434 |
-6,434 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-16,442 |
Special Mining Duty/Withholding Taxes |
2,412 |
2,622 |
3,503 |
3,098 |
2,835 |
1,750 |
1,485 |
17,705 |
Process Plant Sustaining Costs |
1,817 |
151 |
151 |
151 |
151 |
0 |
0 |
2,423 |
Site Infrastructure Sustaining Costs |
3,605 |
1,790 |
2,404 |
2,200 |
2,200 |
2,200 |
0 |
14,399 |
Process Plant Expansion |
889 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
889 |
Reclamation Costs |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4,547 |
4,547 |
Total CAPEX ($k) |
22,417 |
7,303 |
9,503 |
10,170 |
13,480 |
9,336 |
9,218 |
81,427 |
CAPEX/t (US$/t) |
97.09 |
31.48 |
39.14 |
43.75 |
57.24 |
43.28 |
42.38 |
50.67 |
Details of these estimates are provided in the following subsections.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 364 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
18.1.1 Sustaining Underground Mine Development Infrastructure
A total estimated $22.1M will be spent on sustaining underground mine development infrastructure, at DynaResource various operations, from 2025 to 2029. This amount includes:
the cost of loading bays, ventilation raises, ramps, and ventilation drifts. A summary of estimated sustaining underground mine development infrastructure quantities and CAPEX costs, on a yearly basis is presented in Table 18.2.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Sustaining Underground Mine Development Capital Costs ($k) |
Heading / Year |
Section (m x m) |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
Total |
Loading Drifts (m) |
3.0 x 3.0 |
236 |
280 |
228 |
220 |
136 |
1,100 |
Ventilation Raises (m) |
Dia 1.5 |
435 |
332 |
323 |
459 |
281 |
1,829 |
Ramps (m) |
3.5 x 3.5 |
3,336 |
3,296 |
2,760 |
3,474 |
1,766 |
14,632 |
Ventilation Drifts (m) |
2.5 x 2.5 |
542 |
568 |
588 |
408 |
460 |
2,566 |
Total (m) |
4,549 |
4,476 |
3,899 |
4,561 |
2,643 |
20,127 |
Infrastructure @ $1,100.44/m ($k) |
5,006 |
4,925 |
4,290 |
5,019 |
2,908 |
22,148 |
18.1.2 Additional Development Capital Costs
A total estimated $2.7M will be spent on additional development infrastructure, at Dyna Resource Inc. various operations, from 2025 to 2028. This includes: ventilation development; diamond drill service holes; concrete walls for ventilation control; electrical and safety bays, and concrete walls for water control. Details of these capital costs, on a yearly basis, are presented in Table 18.3.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Additional Underground Mine Development Capital Costs ($k) |
Heading / Year |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
Total |
Ventilation Development |
1,000 |
672 |
0 |
651 |
|
2,324 |
Diamond Drill Service Holes (HQ) |
104 |
70 |
0 |
68 |
|
242 |
Concrete Walls For Ventilation Control |
22 |
15 |
0 |
15 |
|
52 |
Electrical and Safety Bays |
10 |
7 |
0 |
7 |
|
24 |
Concrete Walls For Water Control |
15 |
10 |
0 |
9 |
|
34 |
Total Additional Development ($k) |
1,151 |
774 |
0 |
750 |
|
2,675 |
18.1.3 External G&A (Owner's Cost)
An estimated $1,485,652 will be spent on land payments and other owner’s costs in 2025.
It is estimated, and assumed, this CAPEX cost will continue through 2031 (LOM), on a yearly basis.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 365 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
18.1.4 Other Sustaining Capital Costs
An estimated $22.7M of capital will be spent on Other Sustaining Capital items, from 2025 to 2031, LOM. Items include tailings dams, exploration, plant expansions, electric line improvements, equipment replacements, plus many miscellaneous items. A schedule of Other Sustaining Capital expenditure estimates, on a yearly basis, is presented in Table 18.4.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Other Sustaining Capital Costs ($k) |
Item / Year |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
2031 |
Total |
Tailings Dam |
0 |
200 |
200 |
200 |
200 |
200 |
200 |
1,200 |
Exploration |
0 |
0 |
1,500 |
1,500 |
1,500 |
1,500 |
1,500 |
7,500 |
Plant Expansions |
889 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
889 |
Electrical Line Improvement |
0 |
612 |
204 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
816 |
Equipment Replacements |
1,657 |
503 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2,160 |
Other |
644 |
675 |
2,200 |
2,200 |
2,200 |
2,200 |
0 |
10,119 |
Total Other Sustaining Capital ($k) |
3,190 |
1,990 |
4,104 |
3,900 |
3,900 |
3,900 |
1,700 |
22,684 |
18.1.5 IVA Capital Costs and Credits
A 16% VAT tax is estimated to be paid on OPEX costs and most CAPEX costs. DynaResource, Inc. is estimated to pay 70% of those costs as a CAPEX item. There is an initial $19.3M tax credit, which will be spread out over a three-year period from 2026 to 2028. All IVA taxes paid from 2026 onward are expected to be recovered. There is a LOM IVA credit of $16.4M.
A summary of estimated IVA taxes paid, recovered and movement, on a yearly basis, is presented in Table 18.5.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. IVA Movement Capital Costs ($k) |
VAT Movement / Year |
Total / Initial |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
2031 |
Opening Balance |
19,303 |
19,303 |
22,165 |
15,730 |
9,296 |
2,861 |
2,861 |
2,861 |
IVA Payable |
35,605 |
5,723 |
5,069 |
5,412 |
5,367 |
5,160 |
4,693 |
4,181 |
IVA Recovered |
52,047 |
2,861 |
11,504 |
11,847 |
11,801 |
5,160 |
4,693 |
4,181 |
Closing balance |
2,861 |
22,165 |
15,730 |
9,296 |
2,861 |
2,861 |
2,861 |
2,861 |
IVA Movement |
-16,442 |
2,861 |
-6,434 |
-6,434 |
-6,434 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 366 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
18.1.6 Special Mining Duty Capital Cost
There is an 8.5% Special Mining Duty on yearly Operating Margins (less capitalized operating development). Special Mining Duty capital costs total $17.7M, LOM. A summary of this CAPEX estimate and calculation on a yearly basis is presented in Table 18.6.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Special Mining Duty Capital Costs ($k) |
Item / Year |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
2031 |
Total |
Net Revenue |
64,962 |
67,249 |
78,584 |
73,091 |
70,262 |
56,398 |
53,101 |
463,647 |
OPEX |
35,437 |
35,630 |
37,376 |
35,895 |
36,911 |
35,804 |
35,628 |
252,681 |
Operating Margin (EBITDA) |
29,525 |
31,619 |
41,208 |
37,196 |
33,351 |
20,594 |
17,473 |
210,965 |
Less: UG Capitalized OPEX Development |
-1,151 |
-774 |
0 |
-750 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-2,675 |
Subtotal |
28,373 |
30,845 |
41,208 |
36,446 |
33,351 |
20,594 |
17,473 |
208,290 |
Special Mining Duty @ 8.5% Subtotal ($k) |
2,412 |
2,622 |
3,503 |
3,098 |
2,835 |
1,750 |
1,485 |
17,705 |
18.1.7 Process Plant Sustaining Capital Costs
An estimated $2.4M of capital will be spent on process plant sustaining capital costs, LOM.
A summary of these costs on a yearly basis is presented in Table 18.7.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Process Plant Sustaining Capital Costs ($k) |
Item / Year |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
2031 |
Total |
Process Plant Sustaining CAPEX |
1,817 |
151 |
151 |
151 |
151 |
0 |
0 |
2,423 |
18.1.8 Site Infrastructure Sustaining Capital Costs
Site infrastructure sustaining CAPEX totals $14.4M. Site infrastructure sustaining capital costs include: underground mine infrastructure, Maurice A, safety infrastructure, laboratory infrastructure, dam infrastructure, construction projects, security, camps, electrical line improvements, equipment replacement and many miscellaneous items. A summary of site infrastructure sustaining capital costs, on a yearly basis, is presented in Table 18.8.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 367 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Site Infrastructure Sustaining Capital Costs ($k) |
Item / Year |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
Total |
Mine |
2,218 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2,218 |
Maurice A. |
839 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
839 |
Industrial Safety |
78 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
78 |
Laboratory |
225 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
225 |
Dam |
190 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
190 |
Construction |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
Security |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
Camp |
32 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
32 |
Electrical Line Improvements |
0 |
612 |
204 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
816 |
Equipment Replacement |
0 |
503 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
503 |
Many Miscellaneous Items |
0 |
675 |
2,200 |
2,200 |
2,200 |
2,200 |
9,475 |
Total Site Infrastructure Sustaining CAPEX ($k) |
3,605 |
1,790 |
2,404 |
2,200 |
2,200 |
2,200 |
14,399 |
18.1.9 Process Plant Expansion Capital Costs
An estimate $0.9M CAPEX costs will be spent on process plant expansion items in 2025. Details of these process plant expansion CAPEX costs are presented in Table 18.9.
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Process Plant Expansion Capital Costs in 2025 ($k) |
Item / Year |
2025 |
Water Well Drilling (Electrical Installations; Equipment) |
100 |
Filter Press For Concentrate |
200 |
Purchase and Install Falcon Equipment (3) |
344 |
Tailing Pumps |
245 |
Total Process Plant Expansion CAPEX ($k) |
889 |
18.1.10 Reclamation and Closure Capital Costs
An estimate $4.5M CAPEX costs will be spent on reclamation and closure costs. Reclamation and closure costs include: process plant salvage and closure, mines salvage and closure, tailings dam closure, the cost to cover waste stockpile areas, remove surface facilities and infrastructure, complete final clean up and provide ongoing water monitoring and treatment, as required.
The estimated reclamation, closure and salvage capital costs are summarized in Table 18.10.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 368 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Reclamation and Closure Capital Costs in 2031 ($k) |
Item / Year |
2031 |
Process Plant Salvage and Closure |
2,199 |
Mines Salvage and Closure |
1,381 |
Tailings Dam Closure |
967 |
Total Estimated Reclamation & Closure CAPEX ($k) |
4,547 |
18.2 Operating Cost Estimates
The operating cost estimates (OPEX) include the cost of supervisory, operating and maintenance labor; operating consumables, materials and supplies, haulage and processing. The yearly operating cost varies from a high of $164.49/t in 2030, to a low of $152.08/t in 2025, averaging $155.85/t LOM. A summary of the average operating cost estimates for DynaResource’s SJG Project is provided in Table 18.11.
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Summary of Average Operating Cost per Tonne Processed ($/t) |
Description |
Total ($/t) |
Underground Mining Cost |
102.01 |
Additional Backfill Cost |
4.62 |
Processing Cost |
24.82 |
Site G&A |
24.40 |
Total OPEX (US$/tonne) |
155.85 |
Details of these estimates are provided in the following subsections.
18.2.1 Underground Mining OPEX Cost
An estimate $163.9M OPEX costs will be spent on underground mining, LOM. The $102.01/t underground mining OPEX cost used is based on the January to December 2025 budget estimate. The $102.01/t OPEX cost used is the average of the 2025 monthly estimates. Using the total 2025 mining cost, and the total 2025 budgeted 292.7 k tonnes (kt) processed, results in a $101.94/t processed OPEX cost. Please note that the cash flow estimated 2025 tonnes processed used is 230.9 k tonnes. A summary of 2025 monthly budgeted operating and maintenance costs, tonnes processed, and calculations is presented in Table 18.12.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 369 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Underground Budgeted 2025 Unit Mining Operating Costs |
Description |
Jan-25 |
Feb-25 |
Mar-25 |
Apr-25 |
May-25 |
Jun-25 |
Jul-25 |
Aug-25 |
Sep-25 |
Oct-25 |
Nov-25 |
Dec-25 |
2025 |
Used |
Operations ($k) |
2,464 |
2,260 |
2,446 |
2,290 |
2,383 |
2,377 |
2,349 |
2,425 |
2,337 |
2,346 |
2,397 |
2,263 |
28,338 |
|
Maintenance ($k) |
132 |
140 |
120 |
105 |
184 |
99 |
108 |
102 |
126 |
120 |
168 |
97 |
1,501 |
|
Total Mining ($k) |
2,595 |
2,400 |
2,566 |
2,394 |
2,566 |
2,477 |
2,457 |
2,528 |
2,463 |
2,466 |
2,566 |
2,360 |
29,838 |
|
Tonnes (k) |
25.3 |
22.4 |
25.4 |
24.4 |
25.2 |
24.5 |
23.8 |
23.8 |
23.7 |
25.3 |
24.5 |
24.5 |
292.7 |
230.9 |
OPEX ($/t) |
102.73 |
107.18 |
101.20 |
98.00 |
101.63 |
101.16 |
103.39 |
106.30 |
104.14 |
97.40 |
104.64 |
96.38 |
101.94 |
102.01 |
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 370 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Based on the budgeted 2025-unit mining OPEX cost of $102.01/t, the total LOM underground OPEX cost is $163.9M. A summary of yearly underground mining costs is presented in
Table 18.13.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Yearly Underground Mining Operating Costs |
Item / Year |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
2031 |
Total/ Avg |
Tonnes Processed (kt) |
230.9 |
232.0 |
242.8 |
232.5 |
235.5 |
215.7 |
217.5 |
1,607 |
Costs / t Processed ($/t) |
102.01 |
102.01 |
102.01 |
102.01 |
102.01 |
102.01 |
102.01 |
102.01 |
Underground Mining Cost ($M) |
23.6 |
23.7 |
24.8 |
23.7 |
24.0 |
22.0 |
22.2 |
163.9 |
18.2.2 Additional Backfill OPEX Cost
An estimate $7.4M OPEX costs will be spent on addition backfill requirements, LOM Based on the yearly stoping tonnages and available development backfill tonnages there is a shortfall of required backfill tonnes. This shortfall will be supplemented with additional backfill from other sources, at an estimated OPEX cost of $11.50/t. A summary of yearly backfill tonnage requirements, development backfill tonnes available, additional backfill tonnes required and the OPEX cost of additional backfill is presented in Table 18.14.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Additional Backfill Operating Costs |
Item / Year |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
2031 |
Total/ Avg |
Stope Outline Tonnes Required (kt) |
230.9 |
232.0 |
242.8 |
232.5 |
235.5 |
215.7 |
217.5 |
1,606.9 |
Tonnes Required Including Overbreak (kt) |
249.4 |
250.5 |
262.2 |
251.1 |
254.3 |
233.0 |
234.9 |
1,735.4 |
Development Backfill Available (kt) |
226.5 |
220.5 |
176.6 |
202.4 |
144.1 |
43.6 |
76.4 |
1,090.0 |
Additional Backfill Required (kt) |
22.8 |
30.0 |
85.7 |
48.7 |
110.2 |
189.4 |
158.5 |
645.4 |
Cost/t ($/t) |
$11.50 |
$11.50 |
$11.50 |
$11.50 |
$11.50 |
$11.50 |
$11.50 |
$11.50 |
Additional Cost/Yr ($k) |
$262.7 |
$345.5 |
$985.1 |
$559.9 |
$1,267.8 |
$2,178.1 |
$1,822.8 |
$7,422.0 |
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 371 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
18.2.3 Processing OPEX Cost
An estimate $39.9M OPEX costs will be spent on plant processing, LOM. The average processing OPEX cost is $24.82/t. Details of the estimated process plant operating costs are presented in Table 18.15.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Process Plant Operating Costs ($k) |
Item / Year |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
2031 |
Total/ Avg |
Tonnes / Year |
230.9 |
232.0 |
242.8 |
232.5 |
235.5 |
215.7 |
217.5 |
1,607 |
Labor |
971.7 |
971.7 |
971.7 |
971.7 |
971.7 |
971.7 |
971.7 |
6,802 |
Power Costs |
1,562 |
1,562 |
1,562 |
1,562 |
1,562 |
1,562 |
1,562 |
10,934 |
Grinding Media |
421.5 |
421.5 |
421.5 |
421.5 |
421.5 |
421.5 |
421.5 |
2,950 |
Reagents |
Aerophine 3420 |
172.4 |
172.4 |
172.4 |
172.4 |
172.4 |
172.4 |
172.4 |
1,207 |
A-31 |
174.0 |
174.0 |
174.0 |
174.0 |
174.0 |
174.0 |
174.0 |
1,218 |
PAX |
36.8 |
36.8 |
36.8 |
36.8 |
36.8 |
36.8 |
36.8 |
258 |
Frother |
47.7 |
47.7 |
47.7 |
47.7 |
47.7 |
47.7 |
47.7 |
334 |
Copper Sulfate |
10.9 |
10.9 |
10.9 |
10.9 |
10.9 |
10.9 |
10.9 |
76 |
Crusher Liners |
278.6 |
278.6 |
278.6 |
278.6 |
278.6 |
278.6 |
278.6 |
1,950 |
Mill Liners |
Mill 8x12 |
143.9 |
143.9 |
143.9 |
143.9 |
143.9 |
143.9 |
143.9 |
1,007 |
Mill 8x8 |
118.1 |
118.1 |
118.1 |
118.1 |
118.1 |
118.1 |
118.1 |
827 |
Mill H2 |
59.0 |
59.0 |
59.0 |
59.0 |
59.0 |
59.0 |
59.0 |
413 |
Pump Spares |
687.0 |
687.0 |
687.0 |
687.0 |
687.0 |
687.0 |
687.0 |
4,809 |
Lube, Oil, etc. |
152.0 |
152.0 |
152.0 |
152.0 |
152.0 |
152.0 |
152.0 |
1,064 |
Support Equipment |
862.4 |
862.4 |
862.4 |
862.4 |
862.4 |
862.4 |
862.4 |
6,037 |
Total Processing OPEX ($k) |
5,698 |
5,698 |
5,698 |
5,698 |
5,698 |
5,698 |
5,698 |
39,886 |
Total Processing OPEX ($/t) |
24.68 |
24.56 |
23.47 |
24.51 |
24.20 |
26.41 |
26.20 |
24.82 |
18.2.4 Site G&A OPEX Costs
An estimate $39.2M OPEX costs will be spent on site G&S, LOM. Mine G&A include the cost of underground supervision and technical staff, support labor including: U/G mechanics,
U/G electricians, service leaders, equipment operators, pump/construction operators, and mine laborers. It also includes the cost of support vehicle operation and maintenance and the cost of all electric power to service the underground. Yearly total OPEX costs remain constant. Site G&A OPEX costs/t vary from a low of $23.06/t in 2027 to a high of $25.96/t in 2030. A summary of these operating costs per tonne processed on a yearly basis is presented in Table 18.16.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 372 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 18. Site G&A Operating Costs |
Item / Year |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
2031 |
Total/Avg |
Tonnes Processed (kt) |
230.9 |
232.0 |
242.8 |
232.5 |
235.5 |
215.7 |
217.5 |
1,607 |
Site G&A (k$) |
5,600 |
5,600 |
5,600 |
5,600 |
5,600 |
5,600 |
5,600 |
39,203 |
Cost/t Processed ($/t) |
24.25 |
24.14 |
23.06 |
24.09 |
23.78 |
25.96 |
25.75 |
24.40 |
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 373 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
19.0 Economic Analysis
Cautionary Statement – This Technical Report is considered by P&E Mining Consultants Inc. to meet the requirements of a Prefeasibility Study (“PFS”) as defined in S-K 1300 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, because the SJG Project is an operating mine. There is no guarantee that DynaResource will realize the results in this PFS, because some future projections made in this Report may not be realized.
A financial model was developed to estimate the LOM plan comprised of mining DynaResource SJG Project. The LOM plan covers a 7-year period. Currency is in Q2 2025 US dollars, unless otherwise stated. Inflation has not been considered in the financial analysis. Millions of dollars are stated as $ M.
19.1 Economic Criteria
19.1.1 Physical Parameters
Production Mine Life: 7 years.
Closure: 2031.
Production Rate: Averaging 630 tpd @ 365 days/year (0.230 Mtpa).
Total Production: Mineralized Rock Production 1,606,900 t @ 4.91 g/t Au.
Metallurgical Parameters: Process recovery 79.8% Au.
Total Payable Metal - Au Sold: 202,200 oz.
- AuEq Sold: 207,600oz (Includes Ag revenue credit)
(Total AuEq payable metal contains 2.6% Ag).
Concentrate Payable (Includes smelting, refining, transport, duties):
Oz payable; Au 94%; 190,100 ozs.
Smelting; 125,900 dmt conc. @ $99/dmt.
Transportation; 141,000 wmt @ $25/wmt.
Refining; $20/Au oz sold.
Mining Duty; 1.03% of oz payable.
19.1.2 Revenue
The commercially saleable product generated by the Project is concentrate. DynaResource, Inc. would be paid once the concentrate has been delivered to the smelter and refinery, off-site.
The metal price used in this PFS is US$2,500/oz Au.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 374 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Concentrate Payable (Includes smelting refining, transport and duties):
Net Revenue; 91.7%, overall, of Au sold.
Net Revenue: Au $463.6M.
The revenue generation by the SJG Project is summarized on a yearly basis in Table 19.1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 19. Summary of Total Revenue Generation ($M) |
Item / Year |
Factor |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
2031 |
Total |
Gold Sold (oz k) |
|
28.3 |
29.3 |
34.3 |
31.9 |
30.6 |
24.6 |
23.2 |
202.2 |
Gold Price (US$/oz) |
|
2,500 |
2,500 |
2,500 |
2,500 |
2,500 |
2,500 |
2,500 |
|
Gold Sold Revenue |
|
70.8 |
73.3 |
85.7 |
79.7 |
76.6 |
61.5 |
57.9 |
505.6 |
Gold Revenue @ Payable ($M) |
94% |
66.6 |
68.9 |
80.6 |
74.9 |
72.0 |
57.8 |
54.4 |
475.3 |
Silver Credit ($M) |
2.8% |
1.9 |
1.9 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
13.3 |
Less: Smelting, Transport & Refining ($M) |
|
2.8 |
2.9 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
20.0 |
Less: Extraordinary Mining Duty ($M) |
|
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
4.9 |
Net Revenue ($M) |
|
65.0 |
67.2 |
78.6 |
73.1 |
70.3 |
56.4 |
53.1 |
463.6 |
19.1.3 Costs
Operating Costs
Total Average Cost: $155.85/t processed.
Cash Cost / AuEq oz ($/oz AuEq): $1,326.62/oz AuEq.
All-in Sustaining Cost (“AISC”)($/oz AuEq): $1,719.76/oz AuEq.
Capital Costs
Sustaining CAPEX: $81.6M.
Sustaining capital costs include the cost of: all mine development, process plant, mine equipment, surface infrastructure, underground infrastructure, a closure cost, a salvage credit, and Owner’s costs. There is no contingency in sustaining CAPEX.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 375 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
19.2 Cash Flow
An after-tax financial model has been developed for the SJG Project. The model does not take into account the following components:
Financing cost;
Insurance; and
Overhead cost for a corporate office.
An after-tax cash flow summary is presented in Table 19.2. All estimated costs are in Q2 2025 US dollars with no allowance for inflation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 19. After-Tax Cash Flow Summary |
Description / Year |
Units |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
2031 |
Total / Avg |
Tonnes Processed |
kt |
230.9 |
232.0 |
242.8 |
232.5 |
235.5 |
215.7 |
217.5 |
1,606.9 |
Au Grade |
g/t |
4.86 |
4.92 |
5.49 |
5.33 |
5.06 |
4.43 |
4.14 |
4.91 |
AuEq oz |
koz |
29.1 |
30.1 |
35.2 |
32.7 |
31.5 |
25.2 |
23.8 |
207.6 |
|
Net Revenue |
|
65.0 |
67.2 |
78.6 |
73.1 |
70.3 |
56.4 |
53.1 |
463.6 |
OPEX |
Underground Mining Cost |
$M |
23.6 |
23.7 |
24.8 |
23.7 |
24.0 |
22.0 |
22.2 |
163.9 |
Additional Backfill Cost |
$M |
0.3 |
0.3 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
1.3 |
2.2 |
1.8 |
7.4 |
Processing Cost |
$M |
5.7 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
39.9 |
Site G&A |
$M |
5.6 |
5.6 |
5.6 |
5.6 |
5.6 |
5.6 |
5.6 |
39.2 |
Total OPEX |
$M |
35.1 |
35.3 |
37.1 |
35.6 |
36.6 |
35.5 |
35.3 |
250.4 |
Cash Cost/t |
$/t |
152.08 |
152.21 |
152.60 |
153.02 |
155.37 |
164.49 |
162.35 |
155.85 |
CAPEX |
Sustaining Capital (Underground Development) |
$M |
5.0 |
4.9 |
4.3 |
5.0 |
2.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
22.1 |
Additional Development |
$M |
1.2 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
2.7 |
External G&A (Owner's Cost) |
$M |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
10.4 |
Sustaining Capital (Other) |
$M |
3.2 |
2.0 |
4.1 |
3.9 |
3.9 |
3.9 |
1.7 |
22.7 |
IVA Movement |
$M |
2.8 |
-6.4 |
-6.4 |
-6.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-16.5 |
Special Mining Duty/Withholding Taxes |
$M |
2.4 |
2.6 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
17.9 |
Investment In Plant |
$M |
1.8 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
2.4 |
Site Infrastructure |
$M |
3.6 |
1.8 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
0.0 |
14.4 |
Plant Expansion |
$M |
0.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.9 |
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 376 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 19. After-Tax Cash Flow Summary |
Description / Year |
Units |
2025 |
2026 |
2027 |
2028 |
2029 |
2030 |
2031 |
Total / Avg |
Reclamation Costs |
$M |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
Total CAPEX |
$M |
22.4 |
7.3 |
9.5 |
10.2 |
13.5 |
9.4 |
9.2 |
81.6 |
CAPEX/t |
$/t |
97.13 |
31.60 |
39.25 |
43.86 |
57.36 |
43.41 |
42.51 |
50.78 |
|
Pre-Tax CF |
$M |
7.4 |
24.6 |
32.0 |
27.3 |
20.2 |
11.6 |
8.5 |
131.6 |
|
Income Taxes |
$M |
0.0 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
9.2 |
8.2 |
4.6 |
3.6 |
32.1 |
|
After-Tax CF |
$M |
7.4 |
24.6 |
25.5 |
18.1 |
11.9 |
6.9 |
5.0 |
99.5 |
After-Tax CCF |
$M |
7.4 |
32.0 |
57.5 |
75.6 |
87.6 |
94.5 |
99.5 |
|
After-tax NPV @ 5% |
$M |
84.4 |
19.3 Base Case Cash Flow Analysis
The following after-tax cash flow analysis was completed:
Net Present Value (“NPV”) (at 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10% discount rates).
The summary of the results of the cash flow analysis is presented in Table 19.3.
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 19. Cash Flow Analysis |
Description |
Discount Rate (%) |
Value (M$) |
Undiscounted After-Tax CF |
0 |
99.5 |
After-Tax NPV at |
5 |
84.4 |
6 |
81.8 |
7 |
79.3 |
8 |
76.9 |
9 |
74.6 |
10 |
72.5 |
The Project was evaluated on an after-tax cash flow basis which generates a net undiscounted cash flow estimated at $99.5M. This results in an after-tax NPV of $84.4M when using a 5% discount rate. The average life-of-mine cash cost is $1,326.62/oz AuEq at an average operating cost of $155.85/t processed. The average life-of-mine all-in sustaining cost (“AISC”) is estimated at $1,719.76/oz AuEq.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 377 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
19.4 Sensitivity Analysis
Project risks can be identified in both economic and non-economic terms. Key economic risks were examined by running cash flow sensitivities to:
Gold metal price;
Gold head grade;
Gold metallurgical recovery;
Operating costs; and
Capital costs.
Each of the sensitivity items were varied up and down by 10% and 20% to assess the effect it would have on the NPV at a 5% discount rate. The value of each parameter, at 80%, 90%, base, 110% and 120%, is presented in Table 19.4.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 19. Sensitivity Parameter Values |
Parameter |
80% |
90% |
100% |
110% |
120% |
Au Metal Price (US$) |
2,000 |
2,250 |
2,500 |
2,750 |
3,000 |
Au Head Grade (g/t) |
3.93 |
4.42 |
4.91 |
5.40 |
5.89 |
Au Met Recovery (%) |
63.8% |
71.8% |
79.8% |
87.8% |
95.7% |
CAPEX ($M) |
65.3 |
73.4 |
81.6 |
89.8 |
97.9 |
OPEX ($M) |
200.3 |
225.4 |
250.4 |
275.5 |
300.5 |
The resultant after-tax NPV @ 5% values of each of the sensitivity parameters at 80% to 120% is presented in Table 19.5 and Figure 19.1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 19. After-Tax NPV Sensitivity at 5% Discount Rate ($M) |
Parameter |
80% |
90% |
100% |
110% |
120% |
Au Metal Price |
27.5 |
58.3 |
84.4 |
110.4 |
133.3 |
Au Head Grade |
30.1 |
59.4 |
84.4 |
109.3 |
131.5 |
Au Met Recovery |
30.1 |
59.4 |
84.4 |
109.3 |
131.5 |
CAPEX |
98.1 |
91.2 |
84.4 |
77.5 |
70.6 |
OPEX |
111.5 |
97.9 |
84.4 |
70.8 |
57.2 |
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 378 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 19. After-Tax NPV Sensitivity Graph

Source: This Report
The after-tax base case NPV is most sensitive to the gold metal price followed by gold metallurgical recoveries, head grades, OPEX, and then CAPEX.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 379 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
20.0 Adjacent Properties
Advanced exploration or operating properties are not known to exist immediately adjacent, or contiguous to, the SJG Project Property that have relevance to this Report.
20.1 Nearby Properties and Operating Mines
Other precious metal occurrences have been identified in the 1:50,000 Government geological map ”San Jose de Gracia” (G13 -A81). These ‘interest areas’ include a concentration of prospects known as “Potrero de Vargas, located 9.3 km southwest of San José de Gracia, inside the claim block La Noria, 15 km south of San José de Gracia, and “Sierrita de German” located on the boundary of the claim block about 24 km southeast of the village.
These areas are currently outside of the area of review and may not necessarily be indicative of the mineralization to be found on the SJG Property that is the subject of this Report. Nonetheless, these are areas for Dyna de Mexico to consider in future exploration programs.
20.2 Comment on Adjacent Properties
The QP has been unable to verify the information above. The information is not necessarily indicative of the mineralization on the SJG Project Property that is the subject of this Report.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 380 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
21.0 Other Relevant Data and Information
The QPs are not aware of any additional relevant data or information that should be included in this Technical Report Summary.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 381 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
22.0 Interpretation and Conclusions
22.1 Introduction
The QPs note the following interpretations and conclusions in their respective areas of expertise, based on the review of the data available for this Report.
22.2 Mineral Tenure, Surface Rights, Water Rights, Royalties and Agreements
Information from legal and DynaResource experts support that the tenure held is valid and sufficient to support a declaration of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves.
The SJG Project Property covers an area of 3,970 ha (or 9,810 acres). The Property is covered by 29 mining concessions, 28 of which are held 100% by DynaResource’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Dyna de Mexico. The San Miguel mining concession is not under Dyna´s control. Dyna de Mexico has entered into transfer agreements with the registered owners to 50% undivided title to San Miguel. It has entered into promise to sell and purchase agreements with registered owners to 50% undivided title to the San Miguel mining concession. Under Mexican law, such transfer agreements require the consent or relinquishment of first rights of refusal from the registered owners to 100% undivided title to produce legal effects and be eligible for registration before the Mines Recorders´ Office. All the mining concessions of the SJG Project Property are in good standing as of the effective date of this Report.
In addition to surface rights retained pursuant to the Mining Act of Mexico and its Regulations, Dyna de Mexico also maintains access and surface rights to virtually all the SJG Project area pursuant to a surface lease agreement entitled “Land Occupation Agreement” between the El Ejido Santa Maria and Dyna de Mexico, dated May 12, 2002 (the “SJG Project Surface Lease”).
This surface lease covers 28,295 ha. The term of the SJG Project Surface Lease is 30 years and it is understood that the current agreement is in good standing.
Under the 30-year agreement with the Santa Maria Ejido, the Land in Common Use that covers the SJG Project area is 4,399 ha in size. Dyna de Mexico has no future financial obligations to maintain the SJG Project Surface Lease. However, Dyna de Mexico is required to execute mining activities in accordance with applicable Mexican environmental, mining and labor laws, and regulations.
The water source for the SJG Project camp is a well located close to the river that runs just west of the Village of San José de Gracia. Dyna de Mexico has obtained the water concession rights for this water source, which provides for usage of 1,000,000 m3 per year. Currently, SJG Project estimates that its annual consumption of water is about half that amount.
The SJG Mine is not subject to any royalties or environmental liabilities.
To the extent known to the QP, there are no other significant factors and risks that may affect access, title, or the right or ability to perform work on the SJG Project Property that are not discussed in the Report.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 382 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
22.3 Geology and Mineralization
Mineral deposits on the SJG Project Property are classified as low sulfidation epithermal
gold-silver deposits.
The understanding of the vein settings, lithologies, mineralization, and the geological, structural, and alteration controls on mineralization is sufficient to support estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves.
There is remaining exploration potential in the SJG Project area. Some of the known veins remain open along strike and at depth. Surface geological mapping, mineral prospecting and limited drilling activities have identified mineralized structures to the north and south of the Project Area that require further drill testing.
22.4 Exploration, Drilling and Analytical data Collection in Support of Mineral Resource Estimation
It is the QP’s opinion that sample preparation, security and analytical procedures for the SJG Project’s recent drill programs were adequate, and that the data are of suitable quality and satisfactory for use in the current Mineral Resource Estimate.
22.5 Metallurgy and Processing (Updated: 09Apr25)
The SJG process plant has a nominal milling rate of 800 tpd and consists of a conventional two-stage closed crushing circuit, a mill feed system for three primary grinding mills operated in closed circuit with hydrocyclones, a multi-stage flotation process for gold-pyrite and gold-chalcopyrite sulfide concentrate, and a tailings Sepro SB750 centrifugal gravity concentrator. The final flotation concentrate is thickened, dewatered, and bagged for shipping to a smelter along with the gravity concentrate.
22.6 Mineral Resource Estimate
The effective date of this Mineral Resource Estimate is March 24, 2025. DynaResource provided a database of 627 diamond holes totaling 126,736 m in comma separated value (“csv”) format from several drilling programs. A total of 393 drill holes totaling 80,345 m intersected the Mineral Resource domain wireframes. Gold mineralization at SJG is found in many veins, of which only 11 have been considered for Mineral Resource estimation. Drill hole intervals within vein wireframes were composited to 1.0 m lengths. Grade capping analyses were undertaken on the
1.0 m composite values in the database and a capping value of 90 g/t Au was applied to all domains with a total of seven composites capped. Variography analyses were performed by the QPs using the gold composites within each individual vein The bulk density used for this MRE is 2.68 t/m3. Mineral Resource grade estimation was restricted to the defined veins. All block grades were interpolated using Inverse Distance Cubed (“ID3”) anisotropic weighting in two passes.
The Mineral Resource Estimate exclusive of Mineral Reserves is stated in Table 22.1.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 383 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 22. Mineral Resource Estimate at 2.0 g/t Au Cut-off |
Zone |
Classification |
Tonnes (k) |
Au (g/t) |
Au (koz) |
Metallurgical Recovery |
Total |
Indicated |
286 |
6.74 |
62 |
80% |
Inferred |
97 |
4.37 |
14 |
22.7 Mineral Reserve Estimate
Mining shapes were provided by DynaResource and average total dilution of 20.9%
(10.8% internal, 10.1% external), with a 5% mining loss applied. Historical costs summaries, mining contracts and site budgets were used to generate costs and cut-off grades for the mining plan. Smelter terms for gold are $20/oz for refining, $99/dmt for treatment, $25/wmt for transport, and the payable ratio is 94.375%. The Mineral Reserve for the Project is summarized in
Table 22.2.
|
|
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 22. Mineral Reserve Estimate |
Reserve Class |
Tonnes (k) |
Grade (g/t Au) |
Contained Metal (koz Au) |
Proven |
1,114 |
5.23 |
187.2 |
Probable |
493 |
4.18 |
66.3 |
Proven & Probable1 |
1,607 |
4.91 |
253.5 |
Note: 1. Reserves derived from marginal material total 312 kt at 2.03 g/t Au for a total contained metal content of 20.3 koz.
22.8 Mining Methods
The SJG Project is an active underground cut-and-fill mining operation focused on extracting gold, with a minor silver byproduct, from narrow veins in three main production zones over a strike of 2.75 km to a maximum depth of 480 m below surface. The Project contains mineralized zones that vary in dip and thickness along both strike and depth. Generally, the veins are 1 to 2 m in thickness and dip between 30 to 40° from horizontal. The mining method is a hybrid of textbook cut-and-fill and resue. Access levels are nominally spaced 15 m apart, with a 3 m thick pillar left below next upper level to provide stability and prevent the ingress of unconsolidated backfill from the stope above entering the active mining areas. Ore is loaded into haul trucks at loading bays in the ramp on each level. Development rates in the mine plan average ~25 mpd from 2025 to 2028, with all planned capital development complete by EOY 2029. A total of 37.5 km of lateral development and 1.8 km of vertical development are included in the mine plan. The mine plan has an average ore production rate of ~230 ktpa for a LOM total of 1,607 kt.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 384 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
22.9 Recovery Methods
The process plant is operating at an acceptable level with required improvements underway and planned for 2025. For the year 2024, average gravity and flotation process recovery was 76% with two separate gravity and flotation concentrates bagged and shipped to off-shore smelters via the purchaser.
In 2024, the process plant produced 50 to 70 tonnes of concentrates daily with head grades at 4 to 5 g/t Au, concentrates at 50 to 70 g/t Au, and an average recovery of 76% Au. Total concentrate production was 26,641 ounces of gold. During the first two months of 2025, concentrate production was 3,889 ounces of gold at 74% recovery.
22.10 Project Infrastructure
The only reasonably secure road access to SJG Project is on 84 km of ballasted road to the
Town of Sinaloa de Leyva. Most of this road is in reasonably good condition in the dry season
(October through June) and can be transited freely by vehicles of up to 20 tonne capacity.
Within the San José de Gracia Village limits and <1 km from DynaResource’s offices, there is a 665 m (2,200 ft) long airstrip surfaced in pea-sized gravel ~20 m wide. Currently active mine portals are located ~6 and 7 km from the Village of San José de Gracia. The mine offices, camp, and process plant are located immediately adjacent to the Town. The active tailings storage facility (“TSF”) is located 260 m from the process plant.
A 75 km power line from the La Estancia area of the Municipality of Sinaloa de Leyva to the SJG Project has been installed by the Comisión Federal de Electricidad. Dyna has a delivery contract guaranteeing 1,460 kW. Average cost per kWh is $0.13 with adjustments for peak usage.
During power outages, the process plant can be operated using two diesel powered generators providing a total of 1,500 kW. Electricity for underground operations is provided by generators located at the two mine portals.
The water source for the SJG camp is from two water wells located close the Village of San José de Gracia. Dyna de Mexico has obtained the water concession rights through CONAGUA for this water source, which provides for usage of 1,000,000 m3 per year. Sixty percent of the water associated with the tailings is recovered and returned to the process plant. Waste water from the camp facilities is disposed of through a septic tank and percolation system.
Dyna de Mexico manages a closed, dry camp adjacent to their process plant which provides housing, meals and basics services to a portion of their employees. The camp is closed, and entry is restricted by a guard and gatehouse that are staffed 24 hours per day. Additional security is stationed at the explosive magazines. Offices are available in the camp environment to support human resources, purchasing, on-site accounting, community relations, safety, engineering, geology, and surveying. There is always a paramedic on-site. A fully equipped ambulance is available on-site in case of emergency. In case of more dire circumstances, air ambulance service is available from Culiacan.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 385 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Tailings are pumped uphill from the process plant to the TSF with a 10 x 15 cm positive displacement pump. The facility is a concrete buttressed and HDPE-lined impoundment using cycloned coarse material to contain fines and slimes that settle and dewater in the center of the impoundment. The current YSF Phase III has a capacity of 1.3 million tonnes of material or ~52 months of operation.
22.11 Markets and Contracts
At the SJG Project, the base metal flotation process recovery to concentrate technique is utilized.
The concentrate is bagged and sent to a smelter for final gold recovery and payment. Dyna de Mexico has recently completed a plan of operations forecasting mine and process plant production through to calendar year 2029. Currently, an amended contract is in place for the purchase of all gold concentrates from the SJG Project. Concentrates will be delivered to the buyer’s warehouse in Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico. Concentrate typically runs >50 g/t Au and a payable factor 94.75% is most common. There is a slight credit for silver content. The corporate projections of ~155,000 payable gold ounces at US$2,500/oz for 2025 to 2029 are a very conservative and are based on the relatively small quantity of gold produced at the SJG Project. Under the existing offtake agreement, the company will be able to sell all its production at or above a prevailing price that will be most likely above the figure used in its internal forecasts.
22.12 Environmental Studies, Permitting and Social Considerations
Dyna de Mexico has sought and obtained all required environmental permits, temporary land occupation rights and consent letters from the regulatory agencies, local municipalities and the State of Sinaloa required to complete the recent mining, production, exploration, and drilling activities on the four main deposit areas at SJG. Dyna de Mexico is expected to be required to obtain further permits to complete additional exploration activities and future mining and processing activities. Limited permit applications are anticipated to be applied as a result of the modestly altered 2025 processing strategy.
The SJG Project Mine holds the following Federal Permits and registrations;
CONAGUA002, Exploitation of Underground water, 2013.
LAU Processing Plant, 2019.
CONAGUA003, Exploitation of Underground water, 2015.
Exemption underground exploitation San Pablo Mine, 2013.
Exemption Environmental Impact Manifest, SEMARNAT Resolutive, Underground Exploitation 080613 Ad 2013.
Exemption Environmental Impact Manifest Resolutive SEMARNAT, Rehabilitation.
Maintenance and Re-use, Flotation Plant 2013.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 386 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Exemption, Underground exploitation, Re-use, 2013.
Preventive Report (IP), Mining Exploration, 2018.
Register in SEMARNAT, Dangerous Waste.
Exemption, Resolutive to Presentation of MIA, Underground Exploitation, 082115.
Application of Exemption MIA, Mill Plant and Tailings Dam.
Summary of Environmental Updates, San José de Gracia Mine.
Forest, Change of Land Use, Exploration 2010.
Environmental Impact Statement (MIA) Exemption.
Justified Technical Studies for Mina San Pablo, La Union, Purisima, Tres Amigos.
Act of Land Use Change (CUS).
Explosives Use and Storage Permit.
All Labor and Securities permitting.
22.13 Capital and Operating Costs
Capital cost estimates includes: mine development sustaining capital; additional development costs; external G&A; other sustaining CAPEX; IVA costs and credits; mining duties / withholding taxes; site infrastructure; plant filtration presses and closure / reclamation costs. The LOM total capital cost, for the years 2025 to 2031, is estimated at $81.4M, averaging $50.67/t processed.
The operating cost estimates (“OPEX”) include the cost of supervisory, operating and maintenance labor; operating consumables, materials and supplies, haulage and processing. The yearly operating cost varies from a high of $164.49/t, in 2030, to a low of $152.08/t, in 2025, averaging $155.85/t, LOM.
22.14 Economic Analysis
A financial model was developed to estimate the LOM plan comprised of mining DynaResource’s SJG Project. The LOM plan covers a 7-year period. Currency is in Q2 2025 US dollars unless otherwise stated. Inflation has not been considered in the financial analysis. Under baseline scenarios of 5% discount rate and $2,500/oz Au, the overall after-tax NPV of the Project is estimated at $84.4M ($110.0M pre-tax). The after-tax base case NPV’s is most sensitive to the gold metal price followed by gold metallurgical recoveries and gold head grades followed by OPEX, and then CAPEX.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 387 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
22.15 Risks and Opportunities
22.15.1 Risks
22.15.1.1 Exploration, Drilling and Analytical Data Collection in Support of Mineral Resource Estimation
A structured risk management process should be established to promote timely identification of risks, determine probability and consequence of risk actualization, and propose risk mitigation plans to reduce the probability and (or) impacts. The same process should be utilized to identify and promote opportunities.
22.15.1.2 Metallurgical Testwork and Recovery Plan
Potential risks for metallurgical testwork and recovery include:
Metallurgical Recoveries (Low Risk). Forward looking recoveries as based on operating data and preliminary gravity and flotation testing. Unmet projected recoveries could result in reduced metal production and revenue. Continued internal testwork on the three mineralized zones will help minimize future risks;
Mill Feed Hardness (Low Risk). Increases in hardness and grindability will lower planned mill throughput, reducing metal production. Additional milling capacity is available and could be strategically utilized;
Water Source (Low Risk). The water source for the entire mine site is currently supplied by an existing bore hole pond and supply is based on the present water balance. To date, water shortages have not been reported. Nevertheless, a possible alternative water source could minimize risks of future water shortages; and
Electricity Source (Low Risk). Power for the entire mine site is supplied by the limited CFE power supply main line which may risk future plant expansions. Generated power is available, but at a higher OPEX cost.
22.15.1.3 Mineral Resource Estimate
MRE classification for Measured and Indicated may be overstated (low).
Bulk density may be overstated (low).
Inferred Resources may be costly to convert to Indicated (low).
MRE grade may be overstated (low).
Historical workings depletion may be understated (low).
22.15.1.4 Mineral Reserve Estimate and Mine Plan
Some stopes may not be economically viable due to excessive development (mod).
Marginal cut-off grade not being applied (low).
Stope extraction sequence not optimized to maximize NPV (low).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 388 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Backfill sourced underground is too expensive (low).
All operating costs not being are included in cut-off calculation (low).
22.15.1.5 Project Infrastructure
Project main access road washout or landslide blockage (low).
TSF embankment failure (low).
Lack of make-up water for process plant (low).
Excessive power interruptions (low).
22.15.2 Opportunities
22.15.2.1 Exploration and Mineral Resources
Several potential opportunities have been identified for expansion and increasing confidence of existing Mineral Resources, in addition to brownfields exploration to test defined targets along vein strike and at depth.
The most significant upside is the potential for:
Conversion of Inferred Mineral Resources to Indicated Resources through infill drilling; and
Discovery of additional mineralization through exploration and exploration drilling that may support Mineral Resource estimation.
The 2025 drill program should also focus on identifying additional Inferred Mineral Resources and to conversion of existing Inferred to Indicated Mineral Resources. Work will consist of infill and Inferred Resources drilling and brownfields exploration drilling to test mapped targets along vein strike and at depth.
22.15.2.2 Mineral Resource Estimate
Additional Mineral Resources found during stope access development (mod).
Inferred Mineral Resources converted to Indicated by re-examining classification (low).
Mineral Resource cut-off grade lower due to high gold price (mod).
Newly discovered mineralization from exploration drilling (mod).
22.15.2.3 Mine Design and Schedule Optimization
Utilize marginal cut-off to define additional Mineral Reserves (mod).
Stope economic viability checks to prevent project losses (mod).
Optimize stope extraction sequence to maximize NPV (mod).
Source low-cost surface material for backfill (mod).
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 389 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
22.15.2.4 Recovery Plan
Potential opportunities for metallurgical testwork and recovery include:
Current recovery assumptions and planned process flow changes will increase metal production and decrease OPEX cost, potentially having a positive impact on cash flow.
22.15.2.5 Project Infrastructure
Invest more in local haulage road maintenance to improve trafficability (mod).
Investigate modifications or alternatives to TSF expansion (low).
Investigate additional water sources (mod).
23.0 Recommendations
A sequential phase approach is presented for recommended future work. The budget and program for the exploration and development activities recommended for completion in 2025 is presented in Table 23.1.
|
|
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 23. Summary of Budget for Recommended Exploration and Development Activities in 2025 |
Exploration and Development Activity |
Cost Estimate ($M) |
Exploration and Mineral Resource Conversion Drilling (~15,000 m) |
1.39 |
QA/QC |
0.10 |
Bulk Density Investigation |
0.03 |
Mineral Resource Estimation |
0.15 |
Mine Design |
0.10 |
Metallurgy |
0.25 |
Subtotal |
2.02 |
Contingency (15%) |
0.30 |
Total |
2.32 |
Note: Numbers may not add due to rounding.
23.1 Mine Exploration
The Authors recommend that ~15,000 m of underground drilling be completed to explore for new high-grade mineralization, confirm mineralized vein continuity, and convert Inferred Mineral Resources to Indicated and Measured Mineral Resources in the three main Tres Amigos, San Pablo and Mochomera mining areas. This work should include delineation of new mineralized structures adjacent to the active mining areas. The drilling should be completed from dedicated underground platforms and with a maximum drill hole length of 300 m. The All-in-Cost of this drilling is estimated to be $92.7/m for a total of $1.39M.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 390 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
The specific objectives and targets of the recommended drilling are as follows. At Tres Amigos (Figure 23.1) 5,500 m of diamond drilling is recommended to target undefined and Inferred Mineral Resources. Also, this program would help define vein continuity laterally and at depth and confirm the presence of dominant structure and assess the Southeast extension of the Deposit in relation to a known regional-scale fault. In the San Pablo Northeast and Tres Amigos Southwest area, 4,300 m of exploration drilling is recommended to investigate whether mineralization is present in the unexplored area between these two deposits. At San Pablo (Figure 23.2), 2,350 m of diamond drilling is recommended to delineate new Inferred Mineral Resources in the San Pablo Veins below the 489 level. Some of these drill holes should be extended to define potential mineralization in a new structure, known at higher elevations as the Guadalupe Vein.
At Mochomera (Figure 23.3), 1,300 m of drilling is recommended to convert Inferred Mineral Resources and also to define the northern limits of Level 480 at Mochomera and Level 470 of
San Pablo.
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 23. Recommended Drilling at Tres Amigos

Source: Modified by P&E (This Report) from DynaResource (March 2025)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 391 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 23. Recommended Drilling at San Pablo

Source: Modified by P&E (This Report) from DynaResource (March 2025)
Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 23. Recommended Drilling at Mochomera

Source: Modified by P&E (This Report) from DynaResource (March 2025)
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 392 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
23.2 Quality Assurance / Quality Control
Recommendation is made for future drill hole sampling at the Project to include the insertion of certified reference materials (“CRMs”) and blanks at a rate of ~1:20, the inclusion of field and coarse reject duplicates in QA/QC protocol, and to umpire sample a minimum of 5% of all future drill core samples at a reputable secondary laboratory. It is also recommended to follow-up QC sample failures on receipt of assay results, and liaise with the lab promptly about increased QC sample failure rates to ensure issues are addressed early. Recommendation is made to re-assay batches HMS21001226, HMS22000022, and HMS24000126 to confirm drill core sample results.
23.3 Mineral Resource Estimation
Mineral Resource recommendations are as follows:
Mineral Resource wireframes need to be developed only in areas with reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction based on cut-off grades based on recent operating costs and process recoveries;
Frequent bulk density measurements on 10% of mineralized assays;
Depletion of historical workings by cookie cutter projections onto Mineral Resource blocks; and
Investigate grade capping by more than one method.
23.4 Mine Design
Mine design recommendations are as follows:
Perform individual stope economic analyses to ensure viability.
Utilize marginal cut-off grade in areas where adjacent working are viable.
Optimize stope extraction sequence to maximize NPV.
Perform trade-off analysis on backfill source (mined underground or surface quarry).
Ensure all operating costs are included in cut-off calculation.
Develop various cut-offs for each mine area.
23.5 Metallurgy and Processing
The process plant is operating at an acceptable level with required improvements underway and planned for 2025. Processing improvements and on-going maintenance are priorities for the SJG Operation management team and these initiatives will continue to improve process operation in terms of process steady state, minimize operational downtime, and increase and optimize recovery and concentrate production.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 393 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Current and planned improvements include:
Crushing circuit improvements to ensure consistent F80 feeds size for milling circuit;
Improve overall circuit sampling and metallurgical balances to ensure monthly reconciliation;
Installation of automatic samplers is recommended;
Improve mill feed split to the three primary grinding circuits as current manual gates for splitting feed and actual tonnage rates are unknown;
Strategic installation of weightometers is recommended, preferably belt scales;
Control loop with variable speed drives to ensure consistency to mill feed and avoid surges within the circuit;
Gravity concentrators within the mill circuit;
Flotation level control on cells including rougher cells no. 1 and no. 2;
Revamp existing rougher and scavenger cells;
o Replace existing improper agitators with proper flotation impellers and diffusers;
o Improved air introduction into the cells via the shaft;
Improve concentrate dewatering and filtering;
o Proper operation of concentrate thickener and existing chamber press to ensure and minimize resultant shipping moistures, and
Upgrade site security with cameras and new fencing around plant and concentrate areas.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 394 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
24.0 References
Buchanan, L.J. 1981. Precious Metal Deposits associated with Volcanic Environments in the Southwest; in Relations of Tectonics to Ore Deposits in the Southern Cordillera. Arizona Geological Society Digest, Vol. 14, 237-262.
Campa, M.F. and Coney, P.J. 1983. Tectono-Stratigraphic Terranes and Mineral Resources Distribution in Mexico, Can. J. Earth Sci., v. 20, pp. 1040-10.
Cambrubi, A., Farrari, L., Cosca, M.A., Cardellach, E. and Canals, A. 2003. Ages of Epithermal Deposits in Mexico: Regional Significance and Links with the Evolution of Tertiary Volcanism, Econ. Geol. v. 98, pp 1029-1037.
Camprubi, A. and Albinson, T. 2007. Epithermal Deposits in Mexico-Update of Current Knowledge, and an Empirical Reclassification, in Geol. Soc. America Special Paper 422, p. 377-415.
Caracle Creek. 2007. Structural Report, San Jose de Gracia Gold Property, Sinoloa State, Mexico. Prepared by Stephen Wetherup for Minas de DynaResources de Mexico S.A. de C.V. Dated September 21, 2007.
Childe, F. and Kaip, A. 2000a. “Interim Exploration Report for the San José de Gracia Gold Project”. Summary Report prepared for DynaResource, Inc., Irving, Texas (“DynaUSA”).
Childe, F. and Kaip, A. 2000b. “La Purisima Compilation and Resource Potential”, prepared for DynaResource, Inc., Irving, Texas (“DynaUSA”).
CIM Definition Standards. 2010. “For Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Prepared by the CIM Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions Adopted by CIM Council on November 27, 2010.”
Clark, H.M. 1991. “Geology of the Tayoltita Mine, San Dimas District, Durango, in The Geology of North America”, Vol. Pt-3, Economic Geology, Mexico, The Geological Society of America, p. 219-227.
Corbett, G.J. 2007. “Controls to Low Sulphidation Epithermal Au-Ag mineralization”.
Cordery, J. 2009. The Control on the Low Sulphidation Epithermal Gold Mineralization in the San Jose de Gracia Project, Sinaloa, Mexico. Internal Company Report dated June 27, 2009. 28 pages.
Cuttle, J. and Giroux, G. 2011. NI 43-101 Technical Report on the San Jose de Gracia Project and Resource Estimates on the Tres Amigos, San Pablo, La Union, La Purisima Zones, northeast Sinaloa, Mexico. Prepared for Goldgroup Resources Inc. with an amended date of February 28, 2011. 145 pages.
DynaResource de Mexico, SA de CV. Internal report from sampling and surveying at La Prieta, Buen Blanco.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 395 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Einaudi, M.T., Hedenquist, J.W. and Esra Inan, E. 2003. Sulfidation State of Fluids in Active and Extinct Hydrothermal Systems: Transition from Porphyry to Epithermal Environments, Econ. Geo., Special Pub. 10, 50 pp.
Espinoza, R. and Sandefur, R. 2012. Technical Report, San Jose de Gracia Project, Northern Sinaloa; Mexico. Technical Report prepared by Servicios y Proyextos Mineros de Mexico S.A. de C.V. for DynaResource de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Effective Date: February 6, 2012, Report Date: March 28, 2012, amended December 31, 2012. 205 pages.
Giroux, G. and Cuttle, J. 2012. NI 43-101 Technical Report on the San Jose de Gracia Project: Updated Resource Estimates on the Tres Amigos, San Pablo, La Union, La Purisima Zones, Northeast Sinaloa, Mexico. Prepared for DynaResource de Mexico S.A. de C.V. Effective Date September 5, 2011, Report Date: January 3, 2012.
Gomez, C. 2024. Informe de Resultados Pruebas Metalurgicas.
Hazen Research Inc. 1999. “Process Development for Tres Amigos Orebody”. August 6, 1999. p. 3-18.
Heald, P., Foley, N.K and Hayba, D.O. 1987. “Comparative Anatomy of Volcanic-Hosted Epithermal Deposits: Acid-Sulphate and Adularia Sericite Types”; Economic Geology, Vol. 82, pages 1-2 6.
Henderson and Associates. 2006. “Process Description. New 250 MTPD Mill”. March 26, 2006.
p. 1-7.
Henry, C.D. 1975. Geology and Ore Deposits of the San Dimas District, Sinaloa and Durango: Tayoltita, Durango, Mexico, San Luis Mining Co., internal report. 531 pages.
Kaip, A. and Childe, F. 2000. Interim Exploration Report for DynaResource, Inc., Irving, Texas (DynaUSA).
Kaip, A. and Childe, F. 2000. La Purisima Compilation and Resource Potential. Prepared for DynaResource, Inc., Irving, Texas (“DynaUSA”).
Luna R. and Sandefur R. 2012. Technical Report. San Jose de Gracia Project. Northern Sinaloa, Mexico, 2012.
McDowell, F.W., and Clabaugh, S.E. 1979. Ignimbrites of the Sierra Madre Occidental and their Relation to the Tectonic History of Western Mexico, in Chapin, C.E., and Elston, W.E., eds., Ash-Flow Tuffs: Geological Society of America Special Paper 180, p. 113–124.
Pamicon Developments Ltd. 1999. Summary Report of San Jose de Gracia Property. Sinaloa State, Mexico. Prepared by Ikona, C. K. and Scott, T. C. for Golden Hemlock Explorations Ltd., Vancouver, BC. September 1999.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 396 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
Pressacco, R. 2009. “Technical Report for the San José de Gracia Project and Resource Estimate for the San Pablo and Tres Amigos areas, Sinaloa State, Mexico”. Micon International Limited. In-complete internal report for Goldgroup Mining Inc.
Sedlock, R.L, Ortega-Gutierrez, F. and Speed, R.F. 1993. Tectonostratigraphic Terranes and Tectonic Evolution of Mexico, Geol. Soc. America, Special Paper 278, 153 pp.
Servicio Geológico Mexicano. 2008a. Carta Geológico-Minera, San Jose de Gracia G13 A81, Chihuahua- Sinaloa_GM, 1:50,000.
Servicio Geologico Mexicano. 2008b. “Texto de Carta Geologico- Minera G13 A81. San Jose de Gracia, Sinaloa- Chihuahua. 1:50,000. Procesos Analiticos e Informaticos SA de CV.
p 1- 53.
Silitoe, R.H. 1997. “Characteristics and Controls of the Largest Porphyry Copper-Gold and Epithermal Deposits of the Circum Pacific Region”. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 44, 1997, pp. 373-388.
Southworth J R. 1905. The Mines of Mexico. Blake and McKenzie, Liverpool, England.
p. 200-05.
Sullivan, J.R. and MacFarlane, R. 2006. A Technical Review of the San José de Gracia Gold Property, Sinaloa State, Mexico. Watts, Griffis and McQuat Limited. Draft internal report for Goldgroup Mining Inc.
Torres Ortiz J. 2008. San Jose de Gracia. Carta Geologico- Minera. Texto.
Zonge Engineering Research Organization Inc. 2009. Dipole - Dipole Complex Resistivity and Natural Source AMT Surveys on the San Jose de Gracia Project, Sinaloa, Mexico, Interpretive Report. Prepared by Reed, E.V., Geophysicist, Tucson, Arizona.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 397 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
25.0 Reliance on Information Provided by the Registrant
25.1 Introduction
The QPs have relied on information provided by DynaResource (the “Registrant”) including expert reports, in preparing its findings and conclusions regarding the following modifying factors: macroeconomic information, marketing information, legal matters, environmental matters, accommodations the registrant commits or plans to provide to local individuals or groups in connection with its mine plans, and governmental factors.
The QPs consider it reasonable to rely on DynaResource for this information, because they have obtained opinion from appropriate experts.
25.2 Legal Matters
The QPs have not independently reviewed ownership of the SJG Project Property and any underlying mineral tenure and surface rights. The QPs have fully relied on information derived from the Company and legal experts retained by DynaResource for this information through the following documents:
Soluciones Mineras Leodan Carval, S.C. 2025. Opinion Legal sobre ciertas concesiones mineras gue integran el Proyecto Minero denominado "San Jose de Gracia" (La ''Propiedad SJG"). March 24, 2025; and
“Land Occupation Agreement” between the El Ejido Santa Maria and Dyna de Mexico, dated May 12, 2002 (the “SJG Project Surface Lease”).
This information is used in the summary in Section 1, and in Section 3, Property Description and Location, of the Report. It is also used to support the Mineral Resource Estimate in Section 11,
the Mineral Reserve Estimate in Section 12, and the economic analysis in Section 19.
25.3 Geomechanical
The QPs have fully relied on geomechanical information derived by Victor Avila and Diego Navarro, provided by DynaResource, and was used in Section 13.2 and 13.3 of this Report.
25.4 Environmental Matters and Community Accommodations
The QPs have not independently reviewed environmental baseline, permitting, and social information for the SJG Project Operation. The QPs have fully relied on information derived from the Company and experts retained by the company for this information.
This information is used in Section 17 of the Report. It is also used to support the Mineral Resource Estimate in Section 11, the Mineral Reserve Estimate in Section 12, and the economic analysis in Section 19.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 398 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico
25.5 Market Information
The QPs have fully relied on market and concentrate sales contracts information provided by DynaResource. The market information used in Section 16 of the Report is also used to support the Mineral Resource Estimate in Section 11, the Mineral Reserve Estimate in Section 12, and the economic analysis in Section 19.
25.6 Taxation
The QPs have fully relied on taxation information provided by DynaResource that was used in the economic analysis in Section 19 of this Report.
P&E Mining Consultants Inc. Report No. 474 Page 399 of 380
DynaResource Inc., San José de Gracia Gold Project, Sinaloa State, Mexico