Exhibit 3.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED
BYLAWS

OF
WESTELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

A DELAWARE CORPORATION

AS AMENDED TO JUNE 16, 2015, INCLUSIVE

ARTICLE 1

OFFICES

Section 1.      Registered Office . The registered office shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware.

Section 2.      Other Offices . The corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the board of directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require.

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1.      Place of Meeting . All meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors shall be held at such place either within or without the State of Delaware as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors and stated in the notice of the meeting. Meetings of stockholders for any other purpose may be held at such time and place, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.

Section 2.      Time of Annual Meeting . Annual meetings of stockholders shall be held on the second Wednesday in August if not a legal holiday, and if a legal holiday, then on the next business day following, at 10:00 a.m., or at such other date and time as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, at which the stockholders shall elect directors to succeed those whose terms then expire and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. No stockholder shall have cumulative voting rights.

Section 3.      Notice of Annual Meetings . Written or printed notice of the annual meeting stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten or more than sixty days before the date of the meeting. Notice may be given personally, by mail or by electronic transmission in accordance with Section 232 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”). If mailed, such notice shall be deemed given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to each stockholder at such stockholder’s address appearing on the books of the corporation or given by the stockholder for such purpose. Notice by electronic transmission shall be deemed given as provided in Section 232 of the DGCL. An affidavit of the mailing or other means of giving any notice of any stockholders’ meeting, executed by the Secretary, Assistant Secretary or any transfer agent of the corporation giving the notice, shall be prima facie evidence

of the giving of such notice. Notice shall be deemed to have been given to all stockholders of record who share an address if notice is given in accordance with the “householding” rules set forth in Rule 14a-3(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 233 of the DGCL. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the place, if any, date and time thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken; provided , however , that if the date of any adjourned meeting is more than thirty (30) days after the date for which the meeting was originally called, or if a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the place, if any, date, and time of the adjourned meeting and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting shall be given in conformity herewith. At any adjourned meeting, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the original meeting. Notice of the time, place and purpose of any meeting of stockholders may be waived in writing, either before or after the meeting, and to the extent permitted by law, will be waived by any stockholder by attendance thereat, in person or by proxy, except when the person objects at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

Section 4.      Voting Lists . The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or if not so specified at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.

Section 5.      Special Meetings . Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the certificate of incorporation, may be called by the chairman of the board or the president and shall be called by the president or secretary at the request in writing of a majority of the board of directors then in office, or at the request in writing of stockholders owning shares having at least a majority of the voting power represented by all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the corporation. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting.

Section 6.      Notice of Special Meetings . Written or printed notice of a special meeting stating the place, date and hour of the meeting and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting, to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting.

Section 7.      Business to be Transacted . Business transacted at any meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.

Section 8.      Advance Notice of Stockholder Nominees for Director and Other Stockholder Proposals .

(A)  Annual Meetings of Stockholders.

     (1)  Nominations of persons for election to the board of directors of the corporation and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders (a) pursuant to the corporation’s notice of meeting, (b) by or at the direction of the board of directors, or (c) by any stockholder of the corporation who was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided  for in this Section 8, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 8 and the Bylaws.

(2)  For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to this Section 8, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary and such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than the close of business on the sixtieth (60th) day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than thirty (30) days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not later than the close of business on the later of the sixtieth (60th) day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth (i) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director, all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act and Schedule 14A thereunder (including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected) and all information relating to such person’s independence and transactions with the corporation, its other directors and such stockholder as may be required by law, by the independence requirements of any exchange on which the corporation’s securities are listed or by the corporation’s public policies or corporate governance guidelines; (ii) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made; and (iii) as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made (x) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the corporation’s books, and of such beneficial owner and (y) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner. The proposal shall also include a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business or nomination. The corporation may require any proposed

nominee to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require to determine the independence and eligibility of the proposed nominee to serve as a director of the corporation.

         (3)  Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of Section 8(A)(2) to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the board of directors of the corporation is increased and there is no public announcement by the corporation naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased board of directors at least sixty (60) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 8 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the corporation.

    

(B) Special Meetings of Stockholders.

Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the board of directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the corporation’s notice of meeting (a) by or at the direction of the board of directors or (b) provided that the board of directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any stockholder of the corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 8, who shall be entitled to vote upon such election at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 8. In the event a special meeting of stockholders is properly called for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the board of directors, any such stockholder entitled to vote in the election of directors may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be), for election to such position(s) as specified in the notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice required by Section 8(A)(2) shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than the close of business on the sixtieth (60th) day prior to such special meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the board of directors or proposed by any stockholder or group of stockholders requesting such special meeting to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of a special meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

(C)  General.

(1)  Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 8 shall be eligible to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 8. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures

set forth in this Section 8 and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with this Section 8, to declare that such defective proposal or nomination shall be disregarded or that such proposed business shall not be transacted. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 8, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the corporation to present a nomination or proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the corporation. For purposes of this Section 8, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be authorized by a writing executed by the stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders.

(2) For purposes of this Section 8, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

(3)  Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 8, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 8. Nothing in this Section 8 shall be deemed to affect any rights (i) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act or (ii) of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect directors under applicable circumstances.

Section 9.      Quorum and Adjournments . The holders of a majority of the voting power represented by the issued and outstanding Class A Common Stock and the Class B Common Stock, taken together as a single class, and entitled to vote thereat, present in person and represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by statute or by the certificate of incorporation; provided, however, that with respect to any matter on which any class of stock is entitled to vote separately as a class, the holders of a majority of the voting power represented by the issued and outstanding shares of such class, present in person and represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for purposes of such matter. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

Section 10.      Vote Required . Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the voting power present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting. In all other matters, the vote of

the holders of a majority of the voting power present in person or represented by proxy shall decide any question brought before a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present, unless the question is one upon which, by express provision of a statute or of the certificate of incorporation, a different vote is required in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question. Every reference in these bylaws to a majority or other proportion of stock shall refer to such majority or other proportion of the votes of such stock.

Section 11.      Voting Rights . Except to the extent required by statute or the certificate of incorporation, holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall vote together as a single class, each holder of Class A Common Stock shall at every meeting of the stockholders be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of Class A Common Stock held by such stockholder, and each holder of Class B Common Stock shall at every meeting of the stockholders be entitled to four votes in person or by proxy for each share of Class B Common Stock held by such stockholder, but no proxy shall be voted on after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.

Section 12.      Action by Stockholders . Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice, and without a vote if a consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted, and such writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the stockholders. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

Section 13.      Meetings of Stockholders . Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board, if any, or in his or her absence by a person designated by the board of directors, or in the absence of a person so designated by the board of directors, by a Chairman chosen at the meeting by the holders of a majority in voting power of the stock entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy. The Secretary, or in his or her absence, an Assistant Secretary, or in the absence of the Secretary and all Assistant Secretaries, a person whom the Chairman of the meeting shall appoint, shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep a record of the proceedings thereof. The board of directors shall be entitled to make such rules or regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders as it shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Subject to such rules and regulations of the board of directors, if any, the Chairman of the meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such Chairman, are necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, establishing an agenda or order of business for the meeting, rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present, limitations on participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies and such other persons as the Chairman shall permit, restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof, limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants and regulation of the opening and closing of the polls for each item upon which a vote is to be taken.

Section 14.      Inspectors of Election; Opening and Closing the Polls . Prior to any meeting of stockholders, the board of directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or any other officer designated by the board of directors shall appoint one or more inspectors, who shall have the powers and duties set forth in Section 231 of the DGCL as currently in effect or as the same may hereafter be amended or replaced, which inspectors may include individuals who serve the corporation in other capacities, including, without limitation, as officers, employees, agents or representatives, to act at such meeting and make a written report thereof and may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate has been appointed to act or is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the Chairman of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before discharging his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspectors shall have the duties prescribed by law. The Chairman of the meeting shall fix and announce at the meeting the date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting.

ARTICLE III

MEETINGS OF THE DIRECTORS

Section 1.      Number and Term of Office . The number of directors which shall constitute the whole board shall be not less than six nor more than ten and shall be established from time to time by resolution of the board. No reduction in number of directors shall affect the term of any directors then in office. Except as provided in Section 2 of this Article, each director elected shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified. Directors need not be stockholders.

Section 2.      Vacancies . Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and the directors so chosen shall hold office until the next annual election and until their successors are duly elected and shall qualify, unless sooner displaced. If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in the manner provided by statute.

Section 3.      General Powers . The business of the corporation shall be managed by its board of directors which may exercise all such powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

Section 4.      Place of Meetings . The board of directors of the corporation may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware.

Section 5.      Regular Meetings . A regular meeting of the board of directors shall be held without other notice than this bylaw, immediately after, and at the same place as, the annual meeting of stockholders. The board of directors may provide, by resolution, the time and place, either within or without the State of Delaware, for the holding of additional regular meetings without other notice than such resolution.

Section 6.      Special Meetings . Special meetings of the board may be called by the chairman of the board or the president on one day’s notice to each director, either personally or by mail or by telegram; special meetings shall be called by the president or secretary in like manner and on like notice on the written request of any two or more directors.

Section 7.      Quorum and Action . At all meetings of the board of directors, a minimum of a majority of the full number of directors in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of at least 70% of the directors present at any meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the board of directors. The Chairman of the meeting or a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting to another time and place whether or not a quorum is present. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called.

Section 8.      Resignations . Any director of the corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice to the board of directors, the chairman of the board, the president, or the secretary of the corporation. Such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein; and, unless tendered to become effective only upon acceptance thereof, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

Section 9.      Removal . At any meeting of the stockholders any director or directors may be removed from office, without assignment of any reason therefor, by a majority of the voting power entitled to vote in elections of directors.

Section 10.      Informal Action . Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and such writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form. The Board of Directors or any committee designated by the Board may take any action required or permitted to be taken by them without a meeting unless otherwise prohibited by law or the Certificate of Incorporation.

Section 11.      Presumption of Assent . A director of the corporation who is present at a meeting of the board of directors at which action on any corporate matter is taken shall be conclusively presumed to have assented to the action taken unless his dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless he shall file his written dissent to such action with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof or shall forward such dissent by registered mail to the secretary of the corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to a director who voted in favor of such action.

Section 12.      Emergency Bylaws . In the event of any emergency, disaster or catastrophe, as referred to in Section 110 of the DGCL, or other similar emergency condition, as a result of which a quorum of the board of directors or a standing committee of the board of directors cannot readily be convened for action, then the director or directors in attendance at the

meeting shall constitute a quorum. Such director or directors in attendance may further take action to appoint one or more of themselves or other directors to membership on any standing or temporary committees of the board of directors as they shall deem necessary and appropriate.

COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS

Section 13.      Appointment and Powers . The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation, including a Compensation and Corporate Governance Committee and an Audit Committee. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of a committee, to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. The corporation elects to be governed by the provisions of Section 141(c)(2) of the DGCL. The board of directors may from time to time designate committees of the board of directors, with such lawfully delegable powers and duties as it thereby confers, to serve at the pleasure of the board of directors and shall, for those committees and any others provided for herein, elect a director or directors to serve as the member or members, designating, if it desires, other directors as alternate members who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. The board of directors may at any time for any reason remove any individual committee member and the board of directors may fill any committee vacancy created by death, disqualification, resignation, removal or increase in the number of members of the committee. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or then Bylaws, a majority of the number of Committee members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of a Committee and the vote of a majority of the members present at a duly held meeting at which a quorum is present shall be regarded as the act of the Committee.

COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS

Section 14.      Compensation . The board of directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the board of directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the board of directors or a stated salary as a director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.

ARTICLE IV

NOTICES

Section 1.      Manner of Notice . Whenever, under the provisions of a statute or of the certificate of incorporation or of these by-laws, notice is required to be given to any director or stockholder, it shall not be construed to mean personal notice, but such notice may be given in writing, by mail, addressed to such director or stockholder, at his address as it appears on the records of the corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail. Notice to directors may also be given by telegram.

Section 2.      Waiver . Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of a statute or of the certificate of incorporation or of these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto.

ARTICLE V

OFFICERS

Section 1.      Number and Qualifications . The officers of the corporation shall be chosen by the board of directors and shall be a CEO, a chairman of the board, a vice-president, a secretary and a treasurer. The board of directors may also choose a vice-chairman of the board, a president, additional vice-presidents, and one or more assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless the certificate of incorporation or these Bylaws otherwise provide.

Section 2.      Election . The board of directors, at its first meeting after each annual meeting of stockholders shall choose a chairman of the board, one or more vice-presidents, a secretary, and a treasurer.

Section 3.      Other Officers and Agents . The board of directors may appoint such other officers and agents as it shall deem necessary who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the board.

Section 4.      Salaries . The salaries of all officers and agents of the corporation shall be fixed by the board of directors or a duly authorized committee of the board.

Section 5.      Term of Office . The officers of the corporation shall hold office until their successors are chosen and qualify. Any officer elected or appointed by the board of directors may be removed at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation shall be filled by the board of directors.

Section 6.      CEO . The CEO shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation. The CEO shall have executive authority to see that all orders and resolutions of the board of directors are carried into effect and, subject to the control vested in the board of directors by statute, by the certificate of incorporation or by these Bylaws, shall administer and be responsible for the overall management of the business and affairs of the corporation. The CEO shall execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the board of directors to some other officer or agent of the corporation.

Section 7.      The Chairman . The chairman of the board shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the board of directors, and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of the chairman of the board and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to the chairman of the board by the board of directors.

Section 8.      The Vice-Chairman of the Board . The vice-chairman of the board, if one is elected, shall perform such duties and have such powers as the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.

Section 9.      The President . The president, if one is elected, shall have such duties and have such powers as the board of directors may from time to time prescribe. In the absence of the CEO, or in the event of the absence or inability or refusal to act of the CEO, then the president shall perform the duties of the CEO, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the CEO.

Section 10.      The Vice-Presidents . In the absence of the CEO and the President, or in the event of the absence or inability or refusal to act of the CEO and the President, then the vice-president (or in the event that there be more than one vice-president, then any executive vice-president and then the other vice-president or vice-presidents in the order designated, or in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their election) shall perform the duties of the CEO, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the CEO. The vice-presidents shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the chief executive officer or the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.

Section 11.      The Secretary . The secretary shall attend all meetings of the board of directors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings of the meetings of the corporation and of the board of directors in a book to be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing committees when required. He shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the board of directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or the chief executive officer, under whose supervision he shall be. He shall have custody of the corporate seal of the corporation and he, or an assistant secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by his signature or by the signature of an assistant secretary. The board of directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the corporation and to attest the affixing by his signature.

Section 12.      The Assistant Secretary . The assistant secretary, or if there be more than one, the assistant secretaries in the order determined by the board of directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the secretary or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the chief executive officer or the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.

Section 13.      The Treasurer . The treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the board of directors. He shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the chairman of the board, the president and the board of directors, at its regular meetings, or when the board of directors so requires, an account of all his transactions as treasurer and of the financial condition of the corporation. If required by the board of directors, he shall give the corporation a bond

(which shall be renewed every six years) in the sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the board of directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to the corporation, in the case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the corporation.

Section 14.      The Assistant Treasurer . The assistant treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the assistant treasurers in the order determined by the board of directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the treasurer or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the chief executive officer or the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.

ARTICLE VI

CERTIFICATES OF STOCK, TRANSFERS, AND RECORD DATES

Section 1.      Form of Certificates . Every holder of stock in the corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the corporation by, the board of directors, or the chairman of the board or the president or a vice-president and the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or the secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by him in the corporation. If the corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers, designation, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, provided that, except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.

Section 2.      Facsimile Signatures . Where a certificate is countersigned (1) by a transfer agent other than the corporation or its employee, or (2) by a registrar other than the corporation or its employee, any other signature on the certificate may be facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

Section 3.      Lost Certificates . The board of directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the board of directors may, in its

discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representatives, to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require and/or to give the corporation a bond in such sums it may direct to indemnify against any claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.

Section 4.      Transfers of Stock . Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books.

Section 5.      Fixing Record Date . In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect or any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the board of directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

Section 6.      Registered Stockholders . The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the Delaware General Corporation Law.

ARTICLE VII

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1.      Dividends . Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation, subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, if any, may be declared by the board of directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the corporation’s capital stock, subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such other purpose as the directors, in their absolute discretion, think proper, and the directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.

Section 2.      Checks . All checks or demands for money and notes of the corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the board of directors may from time to time designate.

Section 3.      Fiscal Year . The fiscal year of the corporation, unless otherwise provided by resolution of the board of directors, shall begin on the first day of April in each year and end on the last day of March in each year.

Section 4.      Seal . The corporate seal shall be inscribed thereon with the name of the corporation and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware.” The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

Section 5.      Stock in Other Corporations . Shares of any other corporation which may from time to time be held by this corporation may be represented and voted at any meeting of shareholders of such corporation by the chairman of the board, president or vice-president, or by any proxy appointed in writing by the chairman of the board, president or a vice- president of the corporation, or by any other person or persons thereunto authorized by the board of directors. Shares represented by certificates standing in the name of the corporation may be endorsed for sale or transfer in the name of the corporation by the chairman of the board, president or any vice-president or by any other officer or officers thereunto authorized by the board of directors. Shares belonging to the corporation need not stand in the name of the corporation, but may be held for the benefit of the corporation in the individual name of the treasurer or of any other nominee designated for that purpose by the board of directors.

Section 6.      Exclusive Forum. Unless the corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer other employee of the corporation to the corporation or the corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the corporation or any director, officer or other employee of the corporation arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws (as either may be amended from time to time), or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the corporation or any director, officer or other employee of the corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be a state court located within the State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware). If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of the preceding sentence is filed in a court other than a court located within the State of Delaware (a “Foreign Action”) in the name of any stockholder, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to (i) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located within the State of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the preceding sentence and (ii) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such action by service upon such stockholder’s counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such stockholder.

ARTICLE VIII

INDEMNIFICATION

Section 1.      Indemnification . (a) Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee or agent, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the corporation to provide prior to such amendment), against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith and such indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however , that, except as provided in paragraph (B) of Article EIGHTH of the corporation’s certificate of incorporation with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the corporation shall indemnify any such person in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors of the corporation. The right to indemnification conferred in this Section shall be a contract right and shall include the right to be paid by the corporation the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however , that, if the Delaware General Corporation Law requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by a person in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such person, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) shall be made only upon delivery to the corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such director or officer, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that the director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section or otherwise. The corporation may, by action of its board of directors, grant rights to indemnification, and to the advancement of expenses, to employees and agents of the corporation to the fullest extent and with the same scope and effect as the foregoing indemnification of, and advancement of expenses to, directors and officers.

(b) The right to indemnification and the payment of expenses incurred in defending a proceeding in advance of its final disposition conferred in this Section shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

(c) The corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the

corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under Delaware law.

(d) Any amendment, repeal or modification of any provision of this Section by the stockholders or the directors of the corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director or officer of the corporation existing at the time of such amendment, repeal or modification.

(e) Reliance Upon Books, Reports and Records . Each director, each member of any committee designated by the board of directors, and each officer of the corporation shall, in the performance of his or her duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the books of account or other records of the corporation and upon such information, opinions, reports or statements presented to the corporation by any of its officers or employees, or committees of the board of directors so designated, or by any other person as to matters which such director, committee member or officer reasonably believes are within such other person’s professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the corporation.

ARTICLE IX

STOCKHOLDER PROTECTION PROVISIONS

Unless approved by the holders of a majority of the shares present and entitled to vote at a duly convened meeting of shareholders, the Company shall not grant any stock options with an exercise price that is less than 100% of the fair market value of the underlying stock on the date of grant, or reduce the exercise price of any stock option granted under any existing or future stock option plan.

This Article IX may not be further amended or repealed without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares present and entitled to vote at a duly convened meeting of shareholders. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the provisions in this Article IX shall not apply to any rights offering and related overallotment subscription offering that is offered to all of the stockholders of the Company on a pro rata basis.

ARTICLE X

AMENDMENTS

These Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed or new bylaws may be adopted by the stockholders or, except with respect to Article IX, by the board of directors at any regular meeting of the board of directors or of the stockholders or at any special meeting of the board of directors or of the stockholders, if notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of new bylaws be contained in the notice of such special meeting of the stockholders.