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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 _____________________________________________
Form 10-Q
 _____________________________________________
(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarter ended December 31, 2020
Or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number 000-27038
 _____________________________________________
NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 _____________________________________________
DE 94-3156479
(State or Other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) 		(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1 Wayside Road
Burlington, MA 01803
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(781) 565-5000
 _____________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.001 NUAN Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer," “accelerated filer," “smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large Accelerated Filer ☒ Accelerated Filer ☐
Non-accelerated Filer ☐ Smaller Reporting Company ☐
Emerging Growth Company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.      ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒
The number of shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, outstanding as of January 31, 2021 was 285,060,048.


NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
    Page
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
1
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
2
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020
3
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
6
Item 2.
29
Item 3.
40
Item 4.
41
Item 1.
41
Item 1A.
41
Item 2.
41
Item 3.
42
Item 4.
42
Item 5.
42
Item 6.
42
42
43
Certifications





NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
  Three Months Ended December 31,
  2020 2019

(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenues:
Hosting and professional services $ 195,832  $ 173,921 
Product and licensing 86,037  125,015 
Maintenance and support 63,884  62,573 
Total revenues 345,753  361,509 
Cost of revenues:  
Hosting and professional services 105,615  101,330 
Product and licensing 14,415  33,944 
Maintenance and support 7,486  7,863 
Amortization of intangible assets 4,262  6,569 
Total cost of revenues 131,778  149,706 
Gross profit 213,975  211,803 
Operating expenses:
Research and development 56,457  54,605 
Sales and marketing 65,405  65,776 
General and administrative 41,145  38,334 
Amortization of intangible assets 10,531  9,189 
Acquisition-related costs, net 325  1,220 
Restructuring and other charges, net 8,566  6,683 
Total operating expenses 182,429  175,807 
Income from operations 31,546  35,996 
Other income (expense):    
Interest income 228  2,186 
Interest expense (23,014) (23,815)
Other income (expense), net 497  (12,040)
Income before income taxes 9,257  2,327 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes 2,303  (41,297)
Net income from continuing operations 6,954  43,624 
Net income from discontinued operations 7,941  5,061 
Net income $ 14,895  $ 48,685 
Net income per common share - basic:
Continuing operations $ 0.02  $ 0.15 
Discontinued operations 0.03  0.02 
Total net income per basic common share $ 0.05  $ 0.17 
Net income per common share - diluted:
Continuing operations $ 0.02  $ 0.15 
Discontinued operations 0.03  0.02 
Total net income per diluted common share $ 0.05  $ 0.17 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic 283,818  284,130 
Diluted 314,210  289,453 





See accompanying notes.
1
Table of Contents
NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
  Three Months Ended December 31,
  2020 2019
  (In thousands)
Net income $ 14,895  $ 48,685 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment 15,814  4,424 
Cerence Spin-off —  12,331 
Pension adjustments 14  2,007 
Unrealized loss on marketable securities (29) (32)
Total other comprehensive income, net 15,799  18,730 
Comprehensive income $ 30,694  $ 67,415 











































See accompanying notes.
2
Table of Contents
NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
December 31,
2020 		September 30,
2020
  (In thousands, except per
share amounts)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 299,446  $ 301,233 
Marketable securities 74,862  71,114 
Accounts receivable, less allowances for doubtful accounts of $9,305 and $8,649 216,447  175,583 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 157,482  152,563 
Current assets, discontinued operations 35,965  35,492 
Total current assets 784,202  735,985 
Land, building and equipment, net 138,639  137,299 
Goodwill 2,131,095  2,120,495 
Intangible assets, net 153,424  167,270 
Right-of-use assets 101,172  104,839 
Other assets 262,464  248,414 
Long-term assets, discontinued operations 76,689  79,030 
Total assets $ 3,647,685  $ 3,593,332 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt $ 1,053,011  $ 432,209 
Contingent and deferred acquisition payments 4,524  4,224 
Accounts payable 81,461  71,833 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 157,779  199,254 
Deferred revenue 273,145  249,484 
Current liabilities, discontinued operations 26,160  29,138 
Total current liabilities 1,596,080  986,142 
Long-term debt 495,977  1,104,464 
Deferred revenue, net of current portion 101,632  98,696 
Deferred tax liabilities 64,094  70,116 
Operating lease liabilities 100,339  103,996 
Other liabilities 65,085  64,597 
Long-term liabilities, discontinued operations 18,099  21,388 
Total liabilities 2,441,306  2,449,399 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Mezzanine Equity 53,343  — 
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 560,000 shares authorized; 288,669 and 286,703 shares issued and 284,918 and 282,952 shares outstanding, respectively 289  287 
Additional paid-in capital 1,528,975  1,550,568 
Treasury stock, at cost (3,751 shares) (16,788) (16,788)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (102,119) (117,918)
Accumulated deficit (257,321) (272,216)
Total stockholders’ equity 1,153,036  1,143,933 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 3,647,685  $ 3,593,332 



See accompanying notes.
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the three months ended December 31, 2020
  Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders' Equity
  Shares Amount Shares Amount
  (In thousands)
Balance at September 30, 2020 286,703  $ 287  $ 1,550,568  (3,751) $ (16,788) $ (117,918) $ (272,216) $ 1,143,933 
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans 3,117  3  (3) —  —  —  —  — 
Cancellation of restricted stock, and repurchase of common stock at cost for employee tax withholding (1,151) (1) (43,702) —  —  —  —  (43,703)
Stock-based compensation —  —  75,455  —  —  —  —  75,455 
Equity portion of convertible debt puttable —  —  (53,343) —  —  —  —  (53,343)
Net income —  —  —  —  —  —  14,895  14,895 
Other comprehensive income —  —  —  —  —  15,799  —  15,799 
Balance at December 31, 2020 288,669  $ 289  $ 1,528,975  (3,751) $ (16,788) $ (102,119) $ (257,321) $ 1,153,036 
 
For the three months ended December 31, 2019
  Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated Deficit Noncontrolling Interests Total Stockholders' Equity
  Shares Amount Shares Amount
  (In thousands)
Balance at September 30, 2019 289,680  $ 290  $ 2,597,889  (3,751) $ (16,788) $ (132,773) $ (293,612) $ 18,144  $ 2,173,150 
Cerence spin-off —  —  (922,567) —  —  12,331  —  (18,144) (928,380)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans 5,582  6  50  —  —  —  —  —  56 
Cancellation of restricted stock, and repurchase of common stock at cost for employee tax withholding (1,942) (2) (33,127) —  —  —  —  —  (33,129)
Stock-based compensation —  —  66,182  —  —  —  —  —  66,182 
Repurchase and retirement of common stock (5,694) (6) (92,438) —  —  —  —  —  (92,444)
Net income —  —  —  —  —  —  48,685  —  48,685 
Other comprehensive income —  —  —  —  —  6,399  —  —  6,399 
Balance at December 31, 2019 287,626  $ 288  $ 1,615,989  (3,751) $ (16,788) $ (114,043) $ (244,927) $ —  $ 1,240,519 
 


See accompanying notes.
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
  Three Months Ended December 31,
  2020 2019
(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income from continuing operations $ 6,954  $ 43,624 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation 7,993  7,793 
Amortization 14,793  15,758 
Stock-based compensation 34,906  30,402 
Non-cash interest expense 12,324  12,744 
Deferred tax benefit (5,435) (42,900)
Loss on extinguishment of debt —  15,000 
Other 3,028  41 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding effects of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable (40,023) (21,164)
Prepaid expenses and other assets (5,892) 27,414 
Accounts payable 11,636  (1,703)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (9,480) (70,017)
Deferred revenue 23,814  27,686 
  Net cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations 54,618  44,678 
  Net cash provided by operating activities - discontinued operations 6,570  8,875 
Net cash provided by operating activities 61,188  53,553 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures (17,400) (14,204)
Purchases of marketable securities and other investments (41,366) (86,699)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities and other investments 37,582  82,588 
Payments for business and asset acquisitions, net of cash acquired (250) — 
Other (545) 1,272 
Net cash used in investing activities (21,979) (17,043)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repurchase and redemption of debt —  (313,500)
Net distribution from Cerence upon the spin-off —  139,090 
Payments for repurchase of common stock —  (92,444)
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards (43,729) (29,958)
Other financing activities (6) (725)
Net cash used in financing activities (43,735) (297,537)
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 2,739  1,524 
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (1,787) (259,503)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 301,233  560,961 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 299,446  $ 301,458 











See accompanying notes.
5
Table of Contents
NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Presentation
Nuance Communications, Inc. ("we", "Nuance", "our", "us", or the "Company") is a pioneer and leader in conversational and cognitive artificial intelligence ("AI") innovations that bring intelligence to everyday work and life. Our solutions and technologies can understand, analyze and respond to human language to increase productivity and amplify human intelligence. Our solutions are used by businesses in the healthcare, financial services, telecommunications and travel industries, among others. We had three reportable segments as of December 31, 2020: Healthcare, Enterprise, and Other. See Note 17 for a description of each of these segments.
Although we believe the disclosures included herein are adequate to ensure that the condensed consolidated financial statements are fairly presented, certain information and footnote disclosures to the financial statements have been condensed or omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, the condensed consolidated financial statements and the footnotes included herein should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire fiscal year or any future period.
As more fully described in Note 10, during the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, our common stock price exceeded 130% of the applicable conversion price for each of our convertible debentures for at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ending December 31, 2020. As a result, the holders of our 1.25% 2025 Debentures, 1.5% 2035 Debentures, and 1.0% 2035 Debentures have the right to convert all or any portion of their debentures between January 1, 2021 and March 31, 2021. Additionally, the holders of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures will have the right to redeem the notes in November 2021. All three convertible notes with a total net book value of $1.05 billion were included within current liabilities as of December 31, 2020.
Should any holders elect to convert, the principal amount of the convertible debentures would be payable in cash, and any amount payable in excess of the principal amount would be paid in cash or shares of our common stock at our election. Although the holders of our 1.25% 2025 and 1.5% 2035 Debentures previously had the right to convert their debentures between October 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 as our common stock price exceeded 130% of the applicable conversion price for these debentures for at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ending September 30, 2020, only one holder of $0.02 million notional amount exercised their conversion right during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2020.
Our convertible debentures are actively traded in the open market at a trading price consistently in excess of their conversion values. Therefore, we believe that it is uneconomic, and thus unlikely, for the holders to early exercise their conversion rights. In the event that the holders presented an amount for settlement that exceeded our then available sources of liquidity, we may need to obtain additional financing, which we believe would be available to us based upon our assessment of the prevailing market and business conditions and our experience of successful capital raising activities.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Internal-Use Software
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2018-15, "Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract", which became effective for us during the first quarter of fiscal year 2021. The guidance requires that implementation costs related to a hosting arrangement that is a service contract be capitalized and amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement, starting when the module or component of the hosting arrangement is ready for its intended use. The guidance is applied retrospectively to each period presented. The implementation did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Current Expected Credit Losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" which became effective for us during the first quarter of fiscal year 2021. The guidance requires entities to estimate an expected lifetime credit loss on financial assets ranging from short-term trade accounts receivable to long-term financial assets using a forward-looking approach, taking into consideration historical experience, current conditions, and supportable forecasts that impact collectibility. The implementation did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB and are adopted by us as of the specified effective dates. Unless otherwise discussed, such pronouncements did not have or will not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, or do not apply to our operations.
Convertible Notes
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, "Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity," which simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. The new guidance eliminates two of the three models in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 470-202 that require separating embedded conversion features from convertible instruments. As a result, only conversion features accounted for under the substantial premium model in ASC 470-20 and those that require bifurcation in accordance with ASC 815-153 will be accounted for separately. For contracts in an entity’s own equity, the new guidance eliminates some of the requirements in ASC 815-404 for equity classification. The guidance also addresses how convertible instruments are accounted for in the diluted earnings per share calculation and requires enhanced disclosures about the terms of convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity. The guidance will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for all entities for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within the same fiscal year. Entities are allowed to adopt the guidance using either the modified or full retrospective approach. We are currently assessing the provisions of the guidance and the impact on our consolidated financial statements.
3. Revenue Recognition
We derive revenue from the following sources: (1) hosting services, (2) software licenses, including royalties, (3) maintenance and support ("M&S"), (4) professional services, and (5) sale of hardware. Revenue is reported net of applicable sales and use tax, value-added tax and other transaction taxes imposed on the related transaction including mandatory government charges that are passed through to our customers. We account for a contract when both parties have approved and committed to the contract, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and the collectibility of the consideration is probable.
The majority of our arrangements with customers typically contain multiple products and services. We account for individual products and services separately if they are distinct--that is, if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items in the contract and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer.
We recognize revenue after applying the following five steps:
•identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;
•identification of the performance obligations in the contract, including whether they are distinct within the context of the contract;
•determination of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration;
•allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
•recognition of revenue when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied.
We allocate the transaction price of the arrangement based on the relative estimated standalone selling price ("SSP") of each distinct performance obligation. In determining SSP, we maximize observable inputs and consider a number of data points, including:
•the pricing of standalone sales (in the instances where available);
•the pricing established by management when setting prices for deliverables that are intended to be sold on a standalone basis;
•contractually stated prices for deliverables that are intended to be sold on a standalone basis; and
•other pricing factors, such as the geographical region in which the products are sold and expected discounts based on the customer size and type.
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
We only include estimated amounts of variable consideration in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. We reduce transaction prices for estimated returns and other allowances that represent variable consideration under ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606" ("ASC 606"), which we estimate based on historical return experience and other relevant factors and record a reduction to revenue and accounts receivable. Other forms of contingent revenue or variable consideration are infrequent.
Revenue is recognized when control of these products and services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services.
We assess the timing of the transfer of products or services to the customer as compared to the timing of payments to determine whether a significant financing component exists. In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-32-18, we do not assess the existence of a significant financing component when the difference between payment and transfer of deliverables is a year or less. If the difference in timing arises for reasons other than the provision of financing to either the customer or us, no financing component is deemed to exist. The primary purpose of our invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing our services, not to receive or provide financing from or to customers. We do not consider set-up fees nor other upfront fees paid by our customers to represent a financing component.
Certain products are sold through distributors or resellers. Certain distributors and resellers have been granted right of return and selling incentives which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of revenue to be recognized. Returns and credits are estimated at the contract inception and updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available. In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-10-4, we apply a portfolio approach to estimate the variable consideration associated with this group of customers.
Reimbursements for out-of-pocket costs generally include, but are not limited to, costs related to transportation, lodging and meals. Revenue from reimbursed out-of-pocket costs is accounted for as variable consideration.
Shipping and handling activities are not considered a contract performance obligation. We record shipping and handling costs billed to customers as revenue with offsetting costs recorded as cost of revenue.
Performance Obligations
Hosting
Hosting services, which allow our customers to use the hosted software over the contract period without taking possession of the software, are provided on a usage basis as consumed or on a fixed fee subscription basis. Our hosting contract terms generally range from one to five years.
As each day of providing services is substantially the same and the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as access is provided, we have determined that our hosting services arrangements are a single performance obligation comprised of a series of distinct services. These services include variable consideration, which is typically a function of usage. We recognize revenue as each distinct service period is performed (i.e., recognized as incurred).
Subscription-based revenue represents a single promise to stand-ready to provide access to our hosting services. Revenue is recognized over time on a ratable basis over the hosting contract term, which generally ranges from one to five years.
Software Licenses
On-premise software licenses sold with non-distinct professional services to customize and/or integrate the underlying software are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. Revenue from the combined performance obligation is recognized over time based upon the progress towards completion of the project, which is measured based on the labor hours already incurred to date as compared to the total estimated labor hours.
Revenue from distinct on-premise software licenses, which do not require professional services to customize and/or integrate the software license, is recognized at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer and control is transferred.
Revenue from software licenses sold on a royalty basis, where the license of intellectual property is the predominant item to which the royalty relates, is recognized in the period the usage occurs in accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-55-65(A).
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Maintenance and Support
Our M&S contracts generally include telephone support and the right to receive unspecified upgrades and updates on a when-and-if available basis. M&S revenue is recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract period because we transfer control evenly by providing a stand-ready service.
Professional Services
Revenue from distinct professional services, including training, is recognized over time based upon the progress towards completion of the project, which is measured based on the labor hours already incurred to date as compared to the total estimated labor hours.
Hardware
Hardware revenue is recognized at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer, which is typically upon delivery.
Significant Judgments
Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. Our license contracts often include professional services to customize and/or integrate the licenses into the customer’s environment. Judgment is required to determine whether the license is considered distinct and accounted for separately, or not distinct and accounted for together with professional services.
Judgments are required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. When SSP is directly observable, we estimate SSP based upon the historical transaction prices, adjusted for geographic considerations, customer classes, and customer relationship profiles. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, we determine SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. We may have more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customers and circumstances. In these instances, we may use information such as the size of the customer and geographic region in determining SSP. Determining SSP for performance obligations which we never sell separately also requires significant judgment. In estimating the SSP for such performance obligations, we consider the likely price that would have resulted from established pricing practices had the deliverable been offered separately and the prices a customer would likely be willing to pay.
From time to time, we may enter into arrangements with third party suppliers to resell products or services. In such cases, we evaluate whether we are the principal (i.e. report revenues on a gross basis) or agent (i.e. report revenues on a net basis). In doing so, we first evaluate whether we control the good or service before it is transferred to the customer. If we control the good or service before it is transferred to the customer, we are the principal; if not, we are the agent. Generally, we control a promised good or service before transferring that good or service to the customer and act as the principal to the transaction. Determining whether we control the good or service before it is transferred to the customer may require judgment.
Disaggregated Revenue
We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers by reportable segment and products and services as this presentation depicts the timing, risks and uncertainty of our revenue streams, which is also in line with how we manage our businesses, assess performance, and determine management compensation. Our disaggregated revenue from continuing operations is as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Hosting and professional services Product and licensing Maintenance and support Total Hosting and professional services Product and licensing Maintenance and support Total
Healthcare $ 110,803  $ 54,783  $ 33,746  $ 199,332  $ 88,427  $ 91,792  $ 33,591  $ 213,810 
Enterprise 78,741  30,286  30,125  139,152  77,637  31,736  29,011  138,384 
Other 6,288  968  13  7,269  7,857  1,487  (29) 9,315 
Total revenues $ 195,832  $ 86,037  $ 63,884  $ 345,753  $ 173,921  $ 125,015  $ 62,573  $ 361,509 
Hardware revenue comprised approximately $6.6 million of total product and license revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2020, and $6.4 million of total product and license revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2019.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Contract Acquisition Costs
We are required to capitalize certain contract acquisition costs under ASC 606. The capitalized costs primarily relate to paid commissions and other direct, incremental costs to acquire customer contracts. In accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-10-4, we apply a portfolio approach to estimate contract acquisition costs for groups of customer contracts. We elect to apply the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4 and will expense contract acquisition costs as incurred where the expected period of benefit is one year or less. Sales commissions paid on renewal maintenance and support are not commensurate with sales commissions paid on the initial maintenance and support contract. Contract acquisition costs are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit, which we have estimated to be between one and five years. The period of benefit was determined based on an average customer contract term, expected contract renewals, changes in technology and our ability to retain customers including canceled contracts. Contract acquisition costs are classified as current or noncurrent assets based on when the expense will be recognized. The current and noncurrent portions of contract acquisition costs are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets, and Other assets, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, we had $27.1 million of current contract acquisition costs from continuing operations and $63.0 million of noncurrent contract acquisition costs from continuing operations. As of September 30, 2020, we had $20.9 million of current contract acquisition costs from continuing operations and $51.6 million of noncurrent contract acquisition costs from continuing operations. Commission expense is primarily included in sales and marketing expense on the consolidated statements of operations. We had amortization expense related to contract acquisition costs from continuing operations of $4.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2020, and $3.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019. There was no impairment related to commission costs capitalized.
Capitalized Contract Costs
We capitalize incremental costs incurred to fulfill our contracts that (1) relate directly to the contract, (2) are expected to generate resources that will be used to satisfy our performance obligation under the contract, and (3) are expected to be recovered through revenue generated under the contract. Our capitalized costs consist primarily of setup costs, such as costs to stand-up, customize, and develop applications for each customer. These costs are incurred to satisfy our stand-ready obligation to provide access to our connected offerings. The contract costs are expensed to cost of revenue as we satisfy our stand-ready obligation over the contract term, which we estimate to be between one and five years. The contract term estimation was determined based on an average customer contract term, expected contract renewals, changes in technology, and our ability to retain customers including canceled contracts. We classify capitalized contract costs as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize the expense. The current and noncurrent portions of capitalized contract fulfillment costs are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets, and Other assets, respectively. At December 31, 2020, we had $19.0 million of short-term contract costs from continuing operations included with Prepaid expenses and other current assets and $31.9 million of long-term costs from continuing operations included within Other assets. As of September 30, 2020, we had $18.0 million of short-term contract costs from continuing operations included with Prepaid expenses and other current assets and $30.7 million of long-term costs from continuing operations included within Other assets.
Trade Accounts Receivable and Contract Balances
We classify our right to consideration in exchange for deliverables as either a receivable or a contract asset. A receivable is a right to consideration that is unconditional (i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment is due). We present such receivables in Accounts receivable, net in our consolidated balance sheets at their net estimated realizable value. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts to provide for the estimated amount of receivables that may not be collected. The allowance is based upon an assessment of customer creditworthiness, historical payment experience, the age of outstanding receivables and other applicable factors.
Our contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.
Contract assets include unbilled amounts from long-term contracts when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer, and right to payment is not solely subject to the passage of time. The current and noncurrent portions of contract assets are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets, and Other assets. As of December 31, 2020, we had $48.3 million of current contract assets from continuing operations and $106.1 million of noncurrent contract assets from continuing operations. As of September 30, 2020, we had $48.7 million of current contract assets from continuing operations and $107.4 million of noncurrent contract assets from continuing operations. The table below shows significant changes in contract assets of continuing operations (dollars in thousands):
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Contract assets
Balance as of September 30, 2020 $ 156,142 
Revenues recognized but not billed 99,618 
Amounts reclassified to accounts receivable (101,358)
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 154,402 
Our contract liabilities, or Deferred revenue, consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenues recognized. We classify Deferred revenue as current or noncurrent based on when we expect to recognize the revenues. At December 31, 2020, we had $374.8 million of Deferred revenue. The table below shows significant changes in Deferred revenue of continuing operations (dollars in thousands):
Deferred revenue
Balance as of September 30, 2020 $ 348,180 
Amounts bill but not recognized 213,232 
Revenue recognized (186,635)
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 374,777 
Remaining Performance Obligations
The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
Within One Year Two to Four Years Greater than Four Years Total
Total revenue $ 714,055  $ 952,108  $ 38,966  $ 1,705,129 
The table above includes fixed backlogs and does not include variable backlog derived from contingent usage-based activities, such as royalties and usage-based hosting revenue.
4. Disposition of Businesses
Disposition of Our Medical Transcription and EHR Go-live businesses
On November 17, 2020, we entered into a definitive agreement (the “Agreement”) to sell our medical transcription and electronic healthcare record ("EHR") go-live businesses (the "Business") to Assured Healthcare Partners and Aeries Technology Group (together, the “Buyer”). Pursuant to the Agreement, we will sell and transfer, and the Buyer will purchase and acquire, (a) the shares of certain subsidiaries through which we operate a portion of the Business and (b) certain assets used in or related to the Business; and the Buyer will assume certain liabilities related to such assets or the Business, subject to certain exclusions and indemnities as set forth in the Agreement. We expect the sale to close during the second quarter of fiscal year 2021.
The Business met the held-for-sale criteria as of December 31, 2020. As a result, effective the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, the results of operations of the Business have been included within discontinued operations and its assets and liabilities within held for sale on our condensed consolidated financial statements for all periods presented.
Spin-off of Automotive
On October 1, 2019, we completed the spin-off of our Automotive business as an independent public company, Cerence, and a pro rata and tax-free distribution to our stockholders of all of the outstanding shares of Cerence owned by Nuance on October 1, 2019. The distribution was made in the amount of one share of Cerence common stock for every eight shares of Nuance common stock owned by Nuance’s stockholders of record as of 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on September 17, 2019.
In connection with the spin-off, on September 30, 2019, we sold 1.8% of our equity interest in Cerence to a non-affiliated third party for a total cash consideration of $9.8 million. The difference between the consideration received and the carrying amount of the non-controlling interest was recognized in additional paid-in capital, which was subsequently derecognized as part of the spin-off transaction. Effective as of October 1, 2019, for all periods presented, the results of operations of our former Automotive business have been included within discontinued operations.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
For the three months ended December 31, 2019, we incurred cash payments of $13.3 million related to the separation and spin-off of our Automotive business, which have been presented as operating cash flows from discontinued operations.
The historical results of operations of Automotive have been included within discontinued operations in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
The following table summarizes the results of the discontinued operations (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended December 31,
  2020 2019
  Medical Transcription and EHR go-live Medical Transcription and EHR go-live Automotive Total
Major line items constituting net income (loss) of discontinued operations:
Revenue $ 47,650  $ 56,724  $ —  $ 56,724 
Cost of revenue 29,152  34,683  —  34,683 
Research and development 1,298  1,948  —  1,948 
Sales and marketing 908  696  —  696 
General and administrative 12  (20) —  (20)
Amortization of intangible assets 2,444  3,360  —  3,360 
Acquisition-related costs, net —  (53) —  (53)
Restructuring and other charges, net 4,438  —  7,386  7,386 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes 9,398  16,110  (7,386) 8,724 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes 1,457  4,857  (1,194) 3,663 
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations $ 7,941  $ 11,253  $ (6,192) $ 5,061 
Supplemental information:
Depreciation $ 1,063  $ 1,601  $ —  $ 1,601 
Amortization $ 2,444  $ 3,418  $ —  $ 3,418 
Stock compensation $ 287  $ 831  $ —  $ 831 
Capital expenditures $ 57  $ 21  $ —  $ 21 
 
The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities of our Medical Transcription and EHR Implementation Businesses included within discontinued operations. (dollars in thousands):
December 31, 2020 September 30, 2020
Major classes of assets of discontinued operations:
Accounts receivable, net $ 25,328  $ 24,993 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 10,637  10,499 
Land, building and equipment, net 6,295  6,129 
Goodwill 13,722  13,217 
Intangible assets, net 43,770  46,214 
Right-of-use assets 5,189  5,437 
Other noncurrent assets 7,713  8,033 
Total assets $ 112,654  $ 114,522 
Major classes of liabilities of discontinued operations:
Accounts payable $ 3,247  $ 3,289 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 12,286  14,010 
Deferred revenue 14,433  17,452 
Operating lease liabilities 3,231  3,625 
Other noncurrent liabilities 11,062  12,150 
Total liabilities $ 44,259  $ 50,526 
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
We made an accounting policy election to exclude deferred taxes from the held-for-sale balance sheet. As of December 31, 2020, the Business held for sale had a net deferred tax liability of approximately $50.0 million.
5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the three months ended December 31, 2020 are as follows (dollars in thousands): 
Goodwill
Healthcare Enterprise Other Total
Balance as of September 30, 2020 $ 1,424,959  $ 682,600  $ 12,936  $ 2,120,495 
Purchase accounting adjustments —  —  —  — 
Effect of foreign currency translation 3,902  6,369  329  10,600 
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 1,428,861  $ 688,969  $ 13,265  $ 2,131,095 
Other Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of intangible assets for the three months ended December 31, 2020 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
Intangible Assets
Balance at September 30, 2020 $ 167,270 
Amortization (14,793)
Effect of foreign currency translation 947 
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 153,424 
6. Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
Forward Currency Contracts
We have operations in a number of international locations where currency exchange rates can be volatile. We utilize foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates so that our exposure to foreign currencies will be mitigated or offset by the gains or losses on the foreign currency forward contracts. Generally, we enter into such contracts for less than 90 days and have no cash requirements until maturity. As of December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020, we had outstanding contracts with a total notional value of $24.3 million and $40.7 million, respectively.
We did not designate any forward contracts as hedging instruments for the three months ended December 31, 2020 or 2019. Therefore, changes in fair value of foreign currency forward contracts were recognized within Other income (expense), net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The cash flows related to the settlement of forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments are included in cash flows from investing activities within our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
A summary of the derivative instruments is as follows (dollars in thousands):
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges Balance Sheet Classification Fair Value
December 31,
2020 		September 30,
2020
Foreign currency forward contracts Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 139  $ 109 
Foreign currency forward contracts Accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ (124) $ (92)
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
A summary of other (expense) income, net related to foreign currency forward contracts for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
Income Statement Classification Three Months Ended December 31,
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges (Loss) Income Recognized 2020 2019
Foreign currency forward contracts Other (expense) income, net $ (548) $ 585 
7. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at fair value, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and consider assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of nonperformance.
The determination of the applicable level within the hierarchy of a particular financial asset or liability depends on the lowest level of inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement as of the measurement date as follows:
•Level 1: Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2: Observable inputs other than those described as Level 1.
•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supportable by little or no market activities and are based on significant assumptions and estimates.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
  December 31, 2020
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:
Money market funds (a)
$ 161,056  $ —  $ —  $ 161,056 
Time deposits (b)
—  57,425  —  57,425 
Commercial paper, $54,502 at cost (b)
—  54,545  —  54,545 
Corporate notes and bonds, $10,742 at cost (b)
—  10,743  —  10,743 
Foreign currency exchange contracts (b)
—  139  —  139 
Total assets at fair value $ 161,056  $ 122,852  $ —  $ 283,908 
Liabilities:
Foreign currency exchange contracts (b)
$ —  (124) $ —  $ (124)
Contingent acquisition payments (c)
—  —  (1,847) (1,847)
Total liabilities at fair value $ —  $ (124) $ (1,847) $ (1,971)
September 30, 2020
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets:
Money market funds (a)
$ 182,645  $ —  $ —  $ 182,645 
Time deposits (b)
—  95,180  —  95,180 
Commercial paper, $33,265 at cost (b)
—  33,290  —  33,290 
Corporate notes and bonds, $15,460 at cost (b)
—  15,480  —  15,480 
Foreign currency exchange contracts (b)
—  109  —  109 
Total assets at fair value $ 182,645  $ 144,059  $ —  $ 326,704 
Liabilities:
Foreign currency exchange contracts (b)
$ —  $ (92) $ —  $ (92)
Contingent acquisition payments (c)
—  —  (1,796) (1,796)
Total liabilities at fair value $ —  $ (92) $ (1,796) $ (1,888)
 
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(a)Money market funds and time deposits with original maturity of 90 days or less are included within cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets and are valued at quoted market prices in active markets.
(b)Time deposits, commercial paper, corporate notes and bonds, and foreign currency exchange contracts are recorded at fair market values, which are determined based on the most recent observable inputs for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or are directly or indirectly observable. Time deposits are generally for terms of one year or less. Commercial paper and corporate notes and bonds generally mature within three years and had a weighted average maturity of 0.41 years as of December 31, 2020 and 0.31 years as of September 30, 2020.
(c)    The fair values of our contingent consideration arrangements were determined using either the option pricing model with Monte Carlo simulation or the probability-weighted discounted cash flow method.
The estimated fair value of our long-term debt was approximately $2,875.4 million (face value $1,666.5 million) as of December 31, 2020 and $2,355.5 million (face value $1,666.5 million) as of September 30, 2020 based on Level 2 measurements. The fair value of each borrowing was estimated using the average of the bid and ask trading quotes at each respective reporting date. There was no balance outstanding under our revolving credit agreement as of December 31, 2020 or September 30, 2020.
Additionally, contingent acquisition payments are recorded at fair values upon the acquisition and are remeasured in subsequent reporting periods with the changes in fair values recorded within acquisition-related costs, net. Such payments are contingent upon the achievement of specified performance targets and are valued using the option pricing model with Monte Carlo simulation or the probability-weighted discounted cash flow model (Level 3 measurement).
The following table provides a summary of changes in the aggregate fair value of the contingent acquisition payments for all periods presented (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Balance at beginning of period $ 1,796  $ 2,550 
Payments and foreign currency translation 51  (57)
Balance at end of period $ 1,847  $ 2,493 
Contingent acquisition payments are to be made in periods through fiscal year 2021. As of December 31, 2020, the maximum amount payable based on the agreements was $3.0 million if the specified performance targets are achieved.
8. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (dollars in thousands): 
December 31,
2020 		September 30,
2020
Compensation $ 74,403  $ 110,827 
Cost of revenue related liabilities 22,145  25,434 
Accrued interest payable 3,087  13,484 
Consulting and professional fees 11,305  10,589 
Sales and marketing incentives 1,537  2,021 
Sales and other taxes payable 6,685  6,339 
Operating lease obligations 26,108  26,284 
Other 12,509  4,276 
Total $ 157,779  $ 199,254 
9. Restructuring and Other Charges, net
Restructuring and other charges, net include restructuring expenses together with other charges that are unusual in nature, are the result of unplanned events, and arise outside of the ordinary course of our business.
The following table represents the roll forward of restructuring liabilities for the three months ended December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands): 
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Personnel Facilities Total
Balance at September 30, 2020 $ 1,243  $ 15,614  $ 16,857 
Restructuring charges, net 4,789  3,071  7,860 
Non-cash adjustment (839) (1,374) (2,213)
Cash payments (3,126) (1,242) (4,368)
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 2,067  $ 16,069  $ 18,136 
The table below presents the Restructuring and other charges, net associated with each segment, but excluded from calculation of each segment's profit (dollars in thousands):
  Three Months Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Personnel Facilities Total Restructuring Other Charges Total Personnel Facilities Total Restructuring Other Charges Total
Healthcare $ 2,632  $ 567  $ 3,199  $ —  $ 3,199  $ 1,276  $ 1,527  $ 2,803  $ —  $ 2,803 
Enterprise 1,182  2,472  3,654  —  3,654  1,304  505  1,809  —  1,809 
Other —  29  29  —  29  —  (365) (365) —  (365)
Corporate 975  3  978  706  1,684  333  (532) (199) 2,635  2,436 
Total $ 4,789  $ 3,071  $ 7,860  $ 706  $ 8,566  $ 2,913  $ 1,135  $ 4,048  $ 2,635  $ 6,683 
Fiscal Year 2021
For the three months ended December 31, 2020, we recorded restructuring charges of $7.9 million, which included $4.8 million related to the termination of approximately 57 employees and a $3.1 million charge related to closing certain idle facilities. These actions were part of our strategic initiatives focused on investment rationalization, process optimization and cost reduction as we continue to evaluate the geographic footprint of our offices and facilities. We expect the remaining outstanding severance of $2.1 million to be substantially paid during fiscal year 2021, and the remaining $16.1 million of lease payments to be made through fiscal year 2027, in accordance with the terms of the applicable leases. Additionally, for the three months ended December 31, 2020, we recorded $0.7 million professional services expenses related to other corporate initiatives.
Fiscal Year 2020
For the three months ended December 31, 2019, we recorded restructuring charges of $4.0 million, which included $2.9 million related to the termination of approximately 37 employees and $1.1 million related to closing certain restructuring facilities. These actions were part of our strategic initiatives focused on investment rationalization, process optimization and cost reduction. Additionally, for the three months ended December 31, 2019, we recorded $2.8 million costs related to the separation of our Automotive business, which was offset in part by a $0.2 million cash receipt from insurance claims.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
10. Debt
As of December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020, we had the following borrowing obligations (dollars in thousands): 
December 31,
2020 		September 30,
2020
5.625% Senior Notes due 2026, net of deferred issuance costs of $3.7 million and $3.9 million, respectively. Effective interest rate 5.625%. $ 496,302  $ 496,148 
1.000% Convertible Debentures due 2035, net of unamortized discount of $57.9 million and $64.8 million, respectively, and deferred issuance costs of $2.6 million and $2.9 million, respectively. Effective interest rate 5.622%. 616,037  608,767 
1.250% Convertible Debentures due 2025, net of unamortized discount of $42.9 million and $45.2 million, respectively, and deferred issuance costs of $1.8 million and $1.9 million, respectively. Effective interest rate 5.578%. 217,910  215,582 
1.500% Convertible Debentures due 2035, net of unamortized discount of $8.1 million and $10.4 million, respectively, and deferred issuance costs of $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Effective interest rate 5.394%. 219,064  216,627 
Deferred issuance costs related to our Revolving Credit Facility (325) (451)
Total debt 1,548,988  1,536,673 
    Less: current portion (a)
(1,053,011) (432,209)
Total long-term debt $ 495,977  $ 1,104,464 
(a) As of December 31, 2020, the holders have the right to convert all or any portion of the 1.25% 2025 Debentures, 1.5% 2035 Debentures, and 1.0% 2035 Debentures between January 1, 2021 and March 31, 2021. Additionally, the holders of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures will have the right to redeem the notes in November 2021. As a result, the net carrying amounts of the convertible debentures were included in current liabilities as of December 31, 2020.
The following table summarizes the maturities of our borrowing obligations as of December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
Fiscal Year
Convertible Debentures (a)
Senior Notes Total
2021 $ 1,166,539  $ —  $ 1,166,539 
2022 —  —  — 
2023 —  —  — 
2024 —  —  — 
2025 —  —  — 
Thereafter
—  500,000  500,000 
Total before unamortized discount 1,166,539  500,000  1,666,539 
Less: unamortized discount and issuance costs (113,528) (4,023) (117,551)
Total debt $ 1,053,011  $ 495,977  $ 1,548,988 
(a) As more fully described below, as of December 31, 2020, the holders have the right to convert all or any portion of the 1.25% 2025 Debentures, 1.5% 2035 Debentures, and 1.0% 2035 Debentures between January 1, 2021 and March 31, 2021. Additionally, the holders of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures will have the right to redeem the notes in November 2021. As a result, these convertible debentures were treated as if they were due in fiscal year 2021.
5.625% Senior Notes due 2026
In December 2016, we issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.625% Senior Notes due on December 15, 2026 (the "2026 Senior Notes") in a private placement. The proceeds from the 2026 Senior Notes were approximately $495.0 million, net of issuance costs, and we used the proceeds to repurchase a portion of our then outstanding 5.375% Senior Notes due 2020. The 2026 Senior Notes bear interest at 5.625% per year, payable in cash semi-annually in arrears.
The 2026 Senior Notes are unsecured senior obligations and are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by certain of our domestic subsidiaries ("Subsidiary Guarantors"). The 2026 Senior Notes and the guarantees rank equally in right of payment with all of our and the Subsidiary Guarantors’ existing and future unsecured senior debt and rank senior in right of payment to
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
all of our and the Subsidiary Guarantors’ future unsecured subordinated debt. The 2026 Senior Notes and guarantees effectively rank junior to all our secured debt and that of the Subsidiary Guarantors to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such debt and to all liabilities, including trade payables, of our subsidiaries that have not guaranteed the 2026 Senior Notes.
At any time before December 15, 2021, we may redeem all or a portion of the 2026 Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus a "make-whole" premium and accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. At any time on or after December 15, 2021, we may redeem all or a portion of the 2026 Senior Notes at certain redemption prices expressed as percentages of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. At any time and from time to time before December 15, 2021, we may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the 2026 Senior Notes with the net cash proceeds received by us from certain equity offerings at a price equal to 105.625% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date, provided that the redemption occurs no later than 120 days after the closing of the related equity offering, and at least 50% of the original aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Senior Notes remains outstanding immediately thereafter.
Upon the occurrence of a change in control or sale of substantially all assets, we must offer to repurchase the 2026 Senior Notes at a price equal to 100% in the case of an asset sale, or 101% in the case of a change of control, of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date.
1.0% Convertible Debentures due 2035
In December 2015, we issued $676.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.0% Senior Convertible Debentures due in 2035 (the "1.0% 2035 Debentures") in a private placement. Total proceeds were $663.8 million, net of issuance costs, and we used a portion to repurchase $38.3 million in aggregate principal on our 2.75% Senior Convertible Debentures due in 2031 (the “2.75% 2031 Debentures”) and to repay the aggregate principal balance of $472.5 million on our term loan under the amended and restated credit agreement. The 1.0% 2035 Debentures bear interest at 1.0% per year, payable in cash semi-annually in arrears. In addition to ordinary interest and default additional interest, beginning with the semi-annual interest period commencing on December 15, 2022, contingent interest will accrue during any regular semi-annual interest period where the average trading price of our 1.0% 2035 Debentures for the ten trading day period immediately preceding the first day of such semi-annual period is greater than or equal to $1,200 per $1,000 principal amount of our 1.0% 2035 Debentures, in which case, contingent interest will accrue at a rate of 0.50% per annum of such average trading price. The 1.0% 2035 Debentures mature on December 15, 2035, subject to the right of the holders to require us to redeem the 1.0% 2035 Debentures on December 15, 2022, 2027, or 2032. The 1.0% 2035 Debentures are general senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured, unsubordinated indebtedness and senior in right of payment to any indebtedness that is contractually subordinated to the 1.0% 2035 Debentures. The 1.0% 2035 Debentures will be effectively subordinated to indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries.
We account separately for the liability and equity components of the 1.0% 2035 Debentures in accordance with authoritative guidance for convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion. The guidance requires the carrying amount of the liability component to be estimated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated conversion feature and record the remainder in stockholders’ equity. At issuance, we allocated $495.4 million to long-term debt, and $181.1 million has been recorded as additional paid-in capital, which is being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method through December 2022.
If converted, the principal amount of the 1.0% 2035 Debentures is payable in cash and any amounts payable in excess of the principal amount will be paid in cash or shares of our common stock, at our election. The conversion of the 1.0% 2035 Debentures will be based upon a conversion ratio of 41.4576 common shares per $1,000 principal amount, subject to adjustments. Conversion is only allowed in the following circumstances and to the following extent: (i) prior to June 15, 2035, on any date during any fiscal quarter (and only during such fiscal quarter) if the closing sale price of our common stock was more than 130% of the then current conversion price for at least 20 trading days in the period of the 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the previous fiscal quarter; (ii) during the five consecutive business-day period following any five consecutive trading-day period in which the trading price for $1,000 principal amount of the 1.0% 2035 Debentures for each day during such five trading-day period was less than 98% of the closing sale price of our common stock multiplied by the then current conversion rate; (iii) upon the occurrence of specified corporate transactions, as described in the indenture for the 1.0% 2035 Debentures; or (iv) at the option of the holder at any time on or after June 15, 2035. Additionally, we may redeem the 1.0% 2035 Debentures, in whole or in part, on or after December 20, 2022 for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 1.0% 2035 Debentures to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest, including any additional interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. Each holder shall have the right, at such holder’s option, to require us to repurchase all or
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
any portion of the 1.0% 2035 Debentures held by such holder on December 15, 2022, December 15, 2027, or December 15, 2032 at par plus accrued and unpaid interest. If we undergo a fundamental change or non-stock change of control (as described in the indenture for the 1.0% 2035 Debentures) prior to maturity, holders will have the option to require us to repurchase all or any portion of their debentures for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 1.0% 2035 Debentures to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest.
The 1.0% 2035 Debentures were convertible as of December 31, 2020, as our common stock price exceeded the conversion threshold price of 130% of the applicable conversion price per share for at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ending December 31, 2020. As a result, the holders of our 1.0% 2035 Debentures have the right to convert all or any portion of their debentures between January 1, 2021 and March 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, the net carrying amount of the 1.0% 2035 Debentures was included within the current portion of long-term debt. As of December 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the 1.0% 2035 Debentures exceeded its principal amount by $560.0 million.
1.25% Convertible Debentures due 2025
In March 2017, we issued $350.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.25% Senior Convertible Debentures due in 2025 (the "1.25% 2025 Debentures") in a private placement. The proceeds were approximately $343.6 million, net of issuance costs. We used a portion of the proceeds to repurchase 5.8 million shares of our common stock for $99.1 million and $17.8 million in aggregate principal on our 2.75% 2031 Debentures. The 1.25% 2025 Debentures bear interest at 1.25% per year, payable in cash semi-annually in arrears, beginning on October 1, 2017. The 1.25% 2025 Debentures mature on April 1, 2025. The 1.25% 2025 Debentures are general senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured, unsubordinated indebtedness and senior in right of payment to any indebtedness that is contractually subordinated to the 1.25% 2025 Debentures. The 1.25% 2025 Debentures will be effectively subordinated to indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries.
We account separately for the liability and equity components of the 1.25% 2025 Debentures in accordance with authoritative guidance for convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion. The guidance requires the carrying amount of the liability component to be estimated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated conversion feature and record the remainder in stockholders’ equity. At issuance, we allocated $252.1 million to long-term debt, and $97.9 million has been recorded as additional paid-in capital, which is being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method through April 1, 2025.
If converted, the principal amount of the 1.25% 2025 Debentures is payable in cash and any amounts payable in excess of the principal amount will be paid in cash or shares of our common stock, at our election. The conversion of the 1.25% 2025 Debentures will be based upon a conversion ratio of 50.7957 common shares per $1,000 principal amount, subject to adjustments. Conversion is only allowed in the following circumstances and to the following extent: (i) prior to October 1, 2024, on any date during any fiscal quarter (and only during such fiscal quarter) if the closing sale price of our common stock was more than 130% of the then current conversion price for at least 20 trading days in the period of the 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the previous fiscal quarter; (ii) at any time on or after October 1, 2024; (iii) during the five consecutive business-day period immediately following any five consecutive trading-day period in which the trading price for $1,000 principal amount of the 1.25% 2025 Debentures for each day during such five trading-day period was less than 98% of the closing sale price of our common stock multiplied by the then current conversion rate; or (iv) upon the occurrence of specified corporate transactions, as described in the indenture for the 1.25% 2025 Debentures. We may not redeem the 1.25% 2025 Debentures prior to the maturity date. If we undergo a fundamental change or non-stock change of control (as described in the indenture for the 1.25% 2025 Debentures) prior to maturity, holders will have the option to require us to repurchase all or any portion of their debentures for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 1.25% 2025 Debentures to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest.
During the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, we repurchased $87.3 million notional amount of our 1.25% 2025 Debentures for $112.3 million, of which we allocated $72.8 million to debt and $39.5 million to equity based upon ASC 470-20. Also, in connection with the repurchases, we wrote off $16.7 million of unamortized discount and $0.7 million of unamortized costs. As a result, we recorded a $2.8 million loss associated with the repurchases. Following the repurchases, $262.7 million in aggregate principal amount of the 1.25% 2025 Debentures remains outstanding.
The 1.25% 2025 Debentures were convertible as of December 31, 2020, as our common stock price exceeded the conversion threshold price of 130% of the applicable conversion price per share for at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ending December 31, 2020. As a result, the holders of our 1.25% 2025 Debentures have the right to convert all or any portion of their debentures between January 1, 2021 and March 31, 2021. The holders previously had the right to convert
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
all or any portion of their debentures at the aforementioned conversion ratio beginning October 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2020, the net carrying amount of the 1.25% 2025 Debentures was included within the current portion of long-term debt, and $44.7 million has been reclassified from permanent equity to mezzanine equity. As of December 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the 1.25% 2025 Debentures exceeded its principal amount by $325.6 million.
1.50% Convertible Debentures due 2035
In June 2015, we issued $263.9 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.5% Senior Convertible Debentures due in 2035 in exchange for $256.2 million in aggregate principal amount of our 2.75% 2031 Debentures. Total proceeds, net of issuance costs, were $253.2 million. The 1.5% 2035 Debentures were issued at 97.09% of the principal amount, which resulted in a discount of $7.7 million. The 1.5% 2035 Debentures bear interest at 1.5% per year, payable in cash semi-annually in arrears. In addition to ordinary interest and default additional interest, beginning with the semi-annual interest period commencing on November 1, 2021, contingent interest will accrue during any regular semi-annual interest period where the average trading price of our 1.5% 2035 Debentures for the ten trading day period immediately preceding the first day of such semi-annual period is greater than or equal to $1,200 per $1,000 principal amount of our 1.5% 2035 Debentures, in which case, contingent interest will accrue at a rate of 0.50% per annum of such average trading price. The 1.5% 2035 Debentures mature on November 1, 2035, subject to the right of the holders to require us to redeem the 1.5% 2035 Debentures on November 1, 2021, 2026, or 2031. The 1.5% 2035 Debentures are general senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured, unsubordinated indebtedness and senior in right of payment to any indebtedness that is contractually subordinated to the 1.5% 2035 Debentures. The 1.5% 2035 Debentures will be effectively subordinated to indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries.
We account separately for the liability and equity components of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures in accordance with authoritative guidance for convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion. At issuance, we allocated $208.6 million to long-term debt, and $55.3 million has been recorded as additional paid-in capital, which is being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method through November 2021.
If converted, the principal amount of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures is payable in cash and any amounts payable in excess of the principal amount, will be paid in cash or shares of our common stock, at our election. The conversion of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures will be based upon a conversion ratio of 48.5216 common shares per $1,000 principal amount, subject to adjustments. Conversion is only allowed in the following circumstances and to the following extent: (i) prior to May 1, 2035, on any date during any fiscal quarter beginning after September 30, 2015 (and only during such fiscal quarter) if the closing sale price of our common stock was more than 130% of the then current conversion price for at least 20 trading days in the period of the 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the previous fiscal quarter; (ii) during the five consecutive business-day period following any five consecutive trading-day period in which the trading price for $1,000 principal amount of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures for each day during such five trading-day period was less than 98% of the closing sale price of our common stock multiplied by the then current conversion rate; (iii) upon the occurrence of specified corporate transactions, as described in the indenture for the 1.5% 2035 Debentures; or (iv) at the option of the holder at any time on or after May 1, 2035. Additionally, we may redeem the 1.5% 2035 Debentures, in whole or in part, on or after November 5, 2021 for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest, including any additional interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. Each holder shall have the right, at such holder’s option, to require us to repurchase all or any portion of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures held by such holder on November 1, 2021, November 1, 2026, or November 1, 2031 at par plus accrued and unpaid interest. If we undergo a fundamental change (as described in the indenture for the 1.5% 2035 Debentures) prior to maturity, holders will have the option to require us to repurchase all or any portion of their debentures for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest.
During the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, we repurchased $36.5 million notional amount of 1.5% 2035 Debentures for $41.3 million, of which we allocated $34.7 million to debt and $6.6 million to equity based upon ASC 470-20. Also, in connection with the repurchases, we wrote off $2.5 million of unamortized discount and $0.1 million of unamortized costs. As a result, we recorded a $0.8 million loss associated with the repurchases. Following the repurchases, $227.4 million in aggregate principal amount of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures remains outstanding.
The 1.5% 2035 Debentures were convertible as of December 31, 2020, as our common stock price exceeded the conversion threshold price of 130% of the applicable conversion price per share for at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ending December 31, 2020. As a result, the holders of our 1.5% 2035 Debentures have the right to convert all or any portion of their debentures between January 1, 2021 and March 31, 2021. The holders previously had the right to convert all or any portion of their debentures at the aforementioned conversion ratio beginning October 1, 2020 through December 31,
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
2020. As of December 31, 2020, the net carrying amount of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures was included within the current portion of long-term debt, and $8.6 million has been reclassified from permanent equity to mezzanine equity. As of December 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures exceeded its principal amount by $259.1 million.
Revolving Credit Facility
On July 31, 2020, we amended our revolving credit agreement (the "Amended Revolving Credit Agreement") to, among other things, extend the expiration from April 15, 2021 to April 15, 2022. The Amended Revolving Credit Agreement provides for aggregate borrowing commitments of $242.5 million (the "Revolving Credit Facility"), including the revolving facility loans, the swingline loans and issuance of letters of credit. The borrowing outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility bears interest at either (i) LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 1.50% or 1.75%, or (ii) the alternative base rate plus an applicable margin of 0.50% or 0.75%. The Revolving Credit Facility is secured by substantially all our assets. The Revolving Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants and conditions to borrowing, as well as customary events of default. At any time that there are any outstanding borrowings (excluding up to $25,000,000 of issued and undrawn Letters of Credit) under the Revolving Credit Facility, we are required to maintain a Consolidated Senior Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) not exceeding 4.00 to 1.00. We were in compliance with all the debt covenants as of December 31, 2020.
As of December 31, 2020, after taking into account the outstanding letters of credit of $2.2 million, we had $240.3 million available for borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility.
11. Stockholders' Equity
Share Repurchases
On April 29, 2013, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for up to $500.0 million, which was increased by $500.0 million on April 29, 2015. On August 1, 2018, our Board of Directors approved an additional $500.0 million under our share repurchase program. Under the terms of the share repurchase program, we have the ability to repurchase shares from time to time through a variety of methods, which may include open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, block trades, accelerated stock repurchase transactions, or any combination of such methods. The share repurchase program does not require us to acquire any specific number of shares and may be modified, suspended, extended or terminated by us at any time without prior notice. The timing and the amount of any purchases are subject to our assessment of the prevailing market conditions, general economic conditions, capital allocation alternatives, and other factors.
We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock for the three months ended December 31, 2020, and we repurchased 5.7 million shares of our common stock for $92.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019 under the program. The amount paid in excess of par value is recognized in additional paid in capital and these shares were retired upon repurchase. Since the commencement of the program, we have repurchased 73.8 million shares for $1,238.8 million. As of December 31, 2020, approximately $261.2 million remained available for future repurchases under the program.
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
12. Net Income Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation for basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share amounts): 
  Three Months Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Numerator:
Net income from continuing operations $ 6,954  $ 43,624 
Net income from discontinued operations 7,941  5,061 
Net income $ 14,895  $ 48,685 
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic 283,818  284,130 
Dilutive effect of convertible instruments 21,636  — 
Dilutive effect of employee stock compensation plans(a)
8,756  5,323 
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted 314,210  289,453 
Net income per common share - basic:
Continuing operations $ 0.02  $ 0.15 
Discontinued operations 0.03  0.02 
Total net income per basic common share $ 0.05  $ 0.17 
Net income per common share - diluted:
Continuing operations $ 0.02  $ 0.15 
Discontinued operations 0.03  0.02 
Total net income per diluted common share $ 0.05  $ 0.17 
Anti-dilutive equity instruments excluded from the calculation
580  1,336 
Contingently issuable awards excluded from the calculation
—  2,932 
(a)Certain performance-based awards were excluded from the determination of dilutive net income per share as the conditions were not met at the end of the reporting period.
13. Stock-Based Compensation
On January 22, 2020, our shareholders adopted our 2020 Stock Plan (the "2020 Stock Plan"). The 2020 Stock Plan (i) grants the Company's compensation committee the discretionary authority over the plan; (ii) makes employees, directors, consultants, and advisors of the Company and its subsidiaries eligible to receive awards; (iii) sets the number of shares of common stock that may be issued in satisfaction of awards to be 9,000,000 shares, plus the number of shares available for issuance under the amended and restated 2000 Stock Plan (the "Amended and Restated 2000 Stock Plan"); and (iv) identifies the annual limits on shares granted to each individual and the types of awards permissible.
As of December 31, 2020, we had 11.3 million shares available for future grants under the 2020 Stock Plan. We recognize stock-based compensation expenses over the requisite service periods. Our share-based awards are classified within equity upon issuance.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
The amounts included in the consolidated statements of operations related to stock-based compensation are as follows (dollars in thousands): 
  Three Months Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Cost of hosting and professional services $ 6,563  $ 4,977 
Cost of product and licensing 75  129 
Cost of maintenance and support 426  393 
Research and development 8,440  8,440 
Sales and marketing 8,943  7,025 
General and administrative 10,459  9,438 
Total $ 34,906  $ 30,402 
Stock Options
The table below summarizes activities related to stock options for the three months ended December 31, 2020:
Number of
Shares 		Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price 		Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (a)
Outstanding at September 30, 2020 9,355  $ 17.18 
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 9,355  $ 17.18  1.3 years $ 0.3   million
Exercisable at December 31, 2020 9,355  $ 17.18  1.3 years $ 0.3   million
Exercisable at December 31, 2019 9,978  $ 17.18  2.3 years $ —   million
(a)The aggregate intrinsic value in this table represents any excess of the closing market price of our common stock as of December 31, 2020 ($44.09) over the exercise price of the underlying options.
The aggregate intrinsic values of stock options exercised during the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were de minimis.
Restricted Units
Restricted units are not included in issued and outstanding common stock until the units are vested and underlying shares are released. The purchase price for vested restricted units is $0.001 per share. The table below summarizes activities relating to restricted units for the three months ended December 31, 2020:
Number of Shares Underlying Restricted Units — Performance-Based Awards Number of Shares Underlying Restricted Units — Time-Based Awards
Outstanding at September 30, 2020 2,620,120  7,157,649 
Granted 665,977  1,905,186 
Earned/released (301,870) (2,814,891)
Forfeited (97,668) (175,998)
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 2,886,559  6,071,946 
Weighted average remaining recognition period of outstanding Restricted Units 1.5 years 1.8 years
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of outstanding Restricted Units $30.3 million $81.9 million
Aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding Restricted Units (a)
$127.3 million $267.7 million
(a)The aggregate intrinsic value in this table represents any excess of the closing market price of our common stock as of December 31, 2020 ($44.09) over the purchase price of the underlying restricted units.
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
A summary of the weighted-average grant-date fair value of restricted units granted, and the aggregate intrinsic value of restricted units vested during the periods noted is as follows: 
  Three Months Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share $ 37.26  $ 17.08 
Total intrinsic value of shares vested (in millions) $ 119.4  $ 95.4 
Performance-based restricted units outstanding as of December 31, 2020 include performance goals based on total shareholder return relative to our peers during the performance period. The awards actually earned will be up to two hundred percent of the target number of the performance-based restricted units. Compensation expense is recorded ratably over the performance period of the award based on the grant date fair value as determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Below is a summary of key assumptions of the valuation:
Three Months Ended December 31,
2021 2020
Dividend yield 0.0  % 0.0  %
Expected volatility 34.95  % 27.73  %
Risk-free interest rate 0.21  % 1.62  %
Expected term (in years) 3 3
14. Income Taxes
The components of income from continuing operations before income taxes are as follows (dollars in thousands):
  Three Months Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Domestic $ (4,995) $ (3,422)
Foreign 14,252  5,749 
Income before income taxes $ 9,257  $ 2,327 
The components of provision (benefit) for income taxes from continuing operations are as follows (dollars in thousands):
  Three Months Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Domestic $ (2,892) $ (43,145)
Foreign 5,195  1,848 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes $ 2,303  $ (41,297)
Effective tax rate 24.9  % (1,774.7) %
The effective income tax rate is based upon the income for the year, the composition of the income in different countries, changes relating to valuation allowances and as necessary, and adjustments, if any, for the potential tax consequences of resolving audits or other tax contingencies. Our effective income tax rate may vary based on the geographic mix of our income.
Our effective income tax rate was 24.9% for the three months ended December 31, 2020, compared to (1,774.7)% for the three months ended December 31, 2019. The effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2020 differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the base erosion anti-abuse tax offset by a change in the valuation allowance in the United States. The effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2019 differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to a net tax benefit related an adjustment to domestic valuation allowance in connection with the Cerence spin-off.
We have made a policy election to classify the deferred tax assets and liabilities associated with assets and liabilities held for sale (including those of our medical transcription and EHR go-live businesses) with other deferred tax assets and liabilities. As a result, the deferred tax assets included in Other Assets as of December 31, 2020 include deferred tax liabilities of approximately $50.0 million associated with our medical transcription business.
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Valuation Allowances
As of December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020, we had a full valuation allowance against net domestic deferred tax assets and certain foreign deferred tax assets. We intend to maintain valuation allowances on these deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the release of all or some portion of these allowances. A significant portion of our domestic deferred tax assets relate to U.S. net operating losses. Cumulative pretax losses have historically represented significant negative evidence of our ability to realize our domestic deferred tax assets. We continue to evaluate all sources of domestic taxable income including both the reversal of existing deferred tax liabilities and the likelihood that we could sustain pretax profitability in the future. As of December 31, 2020, we believe that there is a reasonable possibility that within the next twelve months these sources of taxable income may become sufficient positive evidence to support a conclusion that a substantial portion of the domestic valuation allowance, excluding capital losses, could be released.
15. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation and Other Claims
Similar to many companies in the software industry, we are involved in a variety of claims, demands, suits, investigations and proceedings that arise from time to time relating to matters incidental to the ordinary course of our business, including actions with respect to contracts, intellectual property, employment, benefits and securities matters. At each balance sheet date, we evaluate contingent liabilities associated with these matters in accordance with ASC 450 "Contingencies". If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we accrue a liability for the estimated loss. Significant judgments are required for the determination of probability and the range of the outcomes, and the estimates are based only on the information available at the time. Due to the inherent uncertainties involved in claims, legal proceedings, and in estimating the losses that may arise, actual outcomes may differ from our estimates. Contingencies deemed not probable or for which losses were not estimable in one period may become probable, or losses may become estimable in later periods which may have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position. As additional information becomes available, we reassess the potential liability related to our pending claims and litigation and may revise our estimates. As of December 31, 2020, accrued losses were not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements, and we do not expect any pending matter to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Guarantees and Other
We include indemnification provisions in the contracts we enter into with customers and business partners. Generally, these provisions require us to defend claims arising out of our products’ infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, breach of contractual obligations and/or unlawful or otherwise culpable conduct. The indemnity obligations generally cover damages, costs and attorneys’ fees arising out of such claims. In most, but not all cases, our total liability under such provisions is limited to either the value of the contract or a specified, agreed upon amount. In some cases, our total liability under such provisions is unlimited. In many, but not all cases, the term of the indemnity provision is perpetual. While the maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under all the indemnification provisions is unlimited, we believe the estimated fair value of these provisions is minimal due to the low frequency with which these provisions have been triggered.
We indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, which provides among other things, indemnification to directors and officers for expenses, judgments, fines, penalties and settlement amounts incurred by such persons in their capacity as a director or officer of the company, regardless of whether the individual is serving in any such capacity at the time the liability or expense is incurred. Additionally, in connection with certain acquisitions, we agreed to indemnify the former officers and members of the boards of directors of those companies, on similar terms as described above, for a period of six years from the acquisition date. In certain cases, we purchase director and officer insurance policies related to these obligations, which fully cover the six-year period. To the extent that we do not purchase a director and officer insurance policy for the full period of any contractual indemnification, and such directors and officers do not have coverage under separate insurance policies, we would be required to pay for costs incurred, if any, as described above.
16. Operating Leases
Operating Leases
We have various operating leases for office space, data centers, office equipment and automobiles around the world with lease terms expiring between 2021 and 2030.
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The current portion of our operating lease liabilities is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and the long-term portion is included in operating lease liabilities.
Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value of the future lease payments is our incremental borrowing rate. Due to the interest rate implicit in most of our leases not being readily determinable, our incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, and in economic environments where the leased asset is located. Operating lease assets also include any prepaid lease payments and lease incentives. Our lease terms include periods under options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Our lease agreements generally contain lease and non-lease components. Non-lease components primarily include payments for maintenance and utilities. We combine fixed payments for non-lease components with our lease payments and account for them together as a single lease component which increases the amount of our lease assets and liabilities. Payments under our lease arrangements are primarily fixed. Variable rents, if any, are expensed as incurred.
As of December 31, 2020, our operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 4.8 years and a weighted average discount rate of 3.8%. 
Future lease payments under operating leases as of December 31, 2020 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Fiscal Year Operating Leases Operating leases under restructuring Total
2021 $ 18,945  $ 3,171  $ 22,116 
2022 21,671  3,828  25,499 
2023 16,494  3,440  19,934 
2024 14,110  1,996  16,106 
2025 12,360  1,346  13,706 
Thereafter 41,524  1,843  43,367 
Total $ 125,104  $ 15,624  $ 140,728 
As of December 31, 2020, we have subleased certain office space that is included in the above table to third parties. As of December 31, 2020, the aggregate sublease income to be recognized during the remaining lease terms is $11.1 million, with approximately an average of $1.8 million annually for each of the next five fiscal years and approximately $2.1 million thereafter.
Our operating lease cost was approximately $7.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and $7.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019. Operating lease payments included within operating cash flows were $7.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and $7.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019.
17. Segment and Geographic Information
Our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") regularly reviews segment revenues and segment profits for performance evaluation and resources allocation. Segment revenues include certain acquisition-related adjustments for revenues that would otherwise have been recognized without the acquisition. Segment profits reflect controllable costs directly related to each segment and the allocation of certain corporate expenses such as corporate sales and marketing expenses and research and development project costs that benefit multiple segments. Certain items such as stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, acquisition-related costs, net, restructuring and other charges, net, other income (expenses), net and certain unallocated corporate expenses are excluded from segment profits, which allow for more meaningful comparisons to the financial results of the historical operations for performance evaluation and resources allocation by our CODM.
•The Healthcare segment is primarily engaged in providing clinical speech and clinical language understanding solutions that improve the clinical documentation process, from capturing the complete patient record to improving clinical documentation and quality measures for reimbursement.
•The Enterprise segment is primarily engaged in using speech, natural language understanding, and artificial intelligence to provide automated customer solutions and services for voice, mobile, web and messaging channels.
•The Other segment consists primarily of voicemail transcription services.
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
As more fully described in Note 4, on November 17, 2020, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our medical transcription and EHR go-live businesses. Effective the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, the results of operations of our medical transcription and EHR go-live businesses are included within discontinued operations for all periods presented. Our Healthcare segment revenue and segment profit for the historical periods have been recast to reflect the forementioned change.
We do not track our assets by segment. Consequently, it is not practical to show assets or depreciation by segment. The following table presents segment results along with a reconciliation of segment profit to Income before income taxes (dollars in thousands): 
Three Months Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Segment revenues:
Healthcare $ 199,332  $ 213,810 
Enterprise 139,152  138,473 
Other 7,269  9,315 
Total segment revenues $ 345,753  $ 361,598 
Less: acquisition-related revenues adjustments —  (89)
Total revenues $ 345,753  $ 361,509 
Segment profit:
Healthcare $ 74,812  $ 73,714 
Enterprise 41,468  41,767 
Other 4,971  5,115 
Total segment profit $ 121,251  $ 120,596 
Corporate expenses and other, net (31,115) (30,448)
Acquisition-related revenues —  (89)
Stock-based compensation (34,906) (30,402)
Amortization of intangible assets (14,793) (15,758)
Acquisition-related costs, net (325) (1,220)
Restructuring and other charges, net (8,566) (6,683)
Other expenses, net (22,289) (33,669)
Income before income taxes $ 9,257  $ 2,327 
No country outside of the United States provided greater than 10% of our total revenues. Revenues, classified by the major geographic areas in which our customers are located, were as follows (dollars in thousands): 
Three Months Ended December 31,
2020 2019
United States $ 272,598  $ 297,375 
International 73,155  64,134 
Total revenues $ 345,753  $ 361,509 
18. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for Interest and Income Taxes:
  Three Months Ended December 31,
  2020 2019
  (Dollars in thousands)
Interest paid $ 21,087  $ 26,692 
Income taxes paid $ 2,738  $ 1,615 
19. Subsequent Events
On January 28, 2021, we completed an acquisition within our Healthcare segment of Saykara, Inc., a developer of a mobile AI assistant technology focused on automation of clinical documentation for physicians. We are in the process of allocating the
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NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
purchase consideration to the fair values of assets and liabilities acquired, and do not expect the acquisition to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
On February 4, 2021, we entered into a new revolving credit agreement (the "New Revolving Credit Agreement"), which replaced the existing Amended Revolving Credit Agreement. The New Revolving Credit Agreement extends the expiration to February 4, 2026, and increases the aggregate borrowing commitments from $242.5 million to $300.0 million, including revolving loans and letters of credit (the "New Revolving Credit Facility"). The New Revolving Credit Facility bears interest at either (i) LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 1.50% or 1.75%, or (ii) the alternative base rate plus an applicable margin of 0.50% or 0.75%. The New Revolving Credit Facility is secured by substantially all our assets and substantially all assets of certain of our domestic subsidiaries that guarantee our obligations under the New Revolving Credit Agreement. The New Revolving Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants and conditions to borrowing, as well as customary events of default. Among other things, we are required to maintain a Consolidated Senior Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined in the New Revolving Credit Agreement) not exceeding 4.00 to 1.00.
20. COVID-19 Pandemic
The novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic has disrupted economic markets, and the future economic impact, duration and spread of COVID-19 is still uncertain at this time. The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected our results of operations and liquidity for fiscal year 2020, and may continue to adversely impact our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. While we have not experienced significant disruptions to our ability to conduct business thus far as a result of the pandemic, we are currently conducting business with substantial modifications to employee travel, employee work locations, virtualization or cancellation of customer and employee events, and remote sales, implementation, and support activities, among other modifications.
The full extent to which the coronavirus pandemic will impact our business, operations, and financial results in the future will depend on numerous evolving factors and may not be accurately predicted at this time.
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Table of Contents
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of our business. Management’s Discussion and Analysis is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that, if they never materialize or if they prove incorrect, could cause our consolidated results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include predictions regarding:
•our future bookings, revenues, cost of revenues, research and development expenses, selling, general and administrative expenses, amortization of intangible assets and gross margin;
•our strategy relating to our segments;
•our programs to reduce costs and optimize processes;
•market trends;
•technological advancements;
•the potential of future product releases;
•our product development plans and the timing, amount and impact of investments in research and development;
•future acquisitions, divestitures and other strategic transactions, and anticipated benefits from such transactions;
•international operations and localized versions of our products; 
•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; and
•the conduct, timing and outcome of legal proceedings and litigation matters.
You can identify these and other forward-looking statements by the use of words such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "intends," "potential," "continue" or the negative of such terms, or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements also include the assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the risks described in Item 1A — "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We undertake no obligation to publicly release any revisions to the forward-looking statements or reflect events or circumstances after the date of this document.
OVERVIEW
Business Overview
We are a pioneer and leader in conversational and cognitive AI innovations that bring intelligence to everyday work and life. Our solutions and technologies can understand, analyze and respond to human language to increase productivity and amplify human intelligence. Our solutions are used by businesses in the healthcare, financial services, telecommunications and travel industries, among others. We see several trends in our markets, including (i) the growing adoption of cloud-based, connected services and highly interactive mobile applications, (ii) deeper integration of virtual assistant capabilities and services, and (iii) the continued expansion of our core technology portfolio including automated speech recognition, natural language understanding, semantic processing, domain-specific reasoning, dialog management capabilities, AI, and voice biometric speaker authentication. We report our business in three segments, Healthcare, Enterprise, and Other.
•Healthcare. Our healthcare segment provides intelligent systems that support a more natural and insightful approach to clinical documentation, freeing clinicians to spend more time caring for patients and helping care teams and health organizations drive meaningful financial and clinical outcomes. Our principal solutions include dragon medical cloud-based
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solutions ("Dragon Medical One"), computer assisted physician documentation, diagnostic imaging solutions, Nuance® Dragon Ambient eXperience™ ("DAX"), clinical documentation improvement and coding.
•Enterprise. Our Enterprise segment is a leading provider of AI-powered intelligent customer engagement solutions and services, which enable enterprises and contact centers to enhance and automate customer service and sales engagement. Our principal solutions include interactive voice responses solutions, intelligent engagement solutions and security & biometric solutions.
•Other. Our Other segment currently consists primarily of voicemail transcription services.
•Discontinued Operations. In connection with our ongoing comprehensive portfolio and business review, during the first quarter of 2021, we announced our strategic plan to sell our medical transcription and EHR go-live businesses to Assured Healthcare Partners and Aeries Technology Group. Effective the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, the results of operations of our medical transcription and EHR go-live businesses are included within discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Key Metrics
In evaluating the financial condition and operating performance of our business, management focuses on revenue, net income, gross margins, operating margins, cash flow from operations, and changes in deferred revenue. A summary of key financial metrics for the three months ended December 31, 2020, as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2019, is as follows:
•Total revenues were $345.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2020, as compared to $361.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019;
•Net income from continuing operations for the three months ended December 31, 2020 was $7.0 million, compared to net income from continuing operations of $43.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019;
•Gross margins for the three months ended December 31, 2020 were 61.9%, compared to 58.6% for the three months ended December 31, 2019;
•Operating margins for the three months ended December 31, 2020 were 9.1%, compared to 10.0% for three months ended December 31, 2019; and
•Operating cash flows from continuing operations increased by $9.9 million to $54.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2020, compared to $44.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Total Revenues
The following tables show total revenues by product type and by geographic location, based on the location of our customers, in dollars and percentage change (dollars in millions): 
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
Hosting and professional services $ 195.8  $ 173.9  $ 21.9  12.6  %
Product and licensing 86.0  125.0  (39.0) (31.2) %
Maintenance and support 63.9  62.6  1.3  2.1  %
Total revenues $ 345.8  $ 361.5  $ (15.8) (4.4) %
United States $ 272.6  $ 297.4  $ (24.8) (8.3) %
International 73.2  64.1  9.0  14.1  %
Total revenues $ 345.8  $ 361.5  $ (15.8) (4.4) %
The geographic split was 79% of total revenues in the United States and 21% internationally for the three months ended December 31, 2020, as compared to 82% of total revenues in the United States and 18% internationally for the three months ended December 31, 2019.
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Hosting and Professional Services Revenue
Hosting revenue primarily relates to delivering on-demand hosted services, such as medical transcription and automated customer care applications, over a specified term. Professional services revenue primarily consists of consulting, implementation and training services for customers. The following table shows hosting and professional services revenue, in dollars and as a percentage of total revenues (dollars in millions): 
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
Hosting revenue $ 167.3  $ 146.4  $ 21.0  14.3  %
Professional services revenue 28.5  27.6  0.9  3.4  %
Hosting and professional services revenue $ 195.8  $ 173.9  $ 21.9  12.6  %
As a percentage of total revenue 56.6  % 48.1  %
Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
Hosting revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2020 increased by $21.0 million, or 14.3%, primarily due to a $22.6 million increase in Healthcare. Healthcare hosting revenue increased primarily due to the growth in our Dragon Medical Cloud solutions and our continued transition from a license model to a cloud based model. As a percentage of total revenue, hosting revenue increased from 40.5% to 48.4% for the three months ended December 31, 2020.
Professional services revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2020 increased by $0.9 million, or 3.4%, primarily due to the increase in professional services related to security and biometrics suite of products. As a percentage of total revenue, professional services revenue increased from 7.6% to 8.2% for the three months ended December 31, 2020.
Product and Licensing Revenue
Product and licensing revenue primarily consist of sales and licenses of our technology. The following table shows product and licensing revenue, in dollars and as a percentage of total revenues (dollars in millions): 
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
Product and licensing revenue $ 86.0  $ 125.0  $ (39.0) (31.2) %
As a percentage of total revenue 24.9  % 34.6  %
Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
Product and licensing revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2020 decreased by $39.0 million, or 31.2%, primarily due to a $37.0 million decrease in Healthcare. Healthcare product and licensing revenue decreased primarily due to a decrease related to a non-strategic legacy term license contract. Also contributing to the decrease is the continued transition from a license model to a cloud based model within our Healthcare segment. As a percentage of total revenue, product and licensing revenue decreased from 34.6% to 24.9% for the three months ended December 31, 2020.
Maintenance and Support Revenue
Maintenance and support revenue primarily consist of technical support and maintenance services. The following table shows maintenance and support revenue, in dollars and as a percentage of total revenues (dollars in millions): 
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
Maintenance and support revenue $ 63.9  $ 62.6  $ 1.3  2.1  %
As a percentage of total revenue 18.5  % 17.3  %
Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
Maintenance and support revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2020 increased by $1.3 million, or 2.1%, primarily due to a $1.1 million increase in Enterprise. Enterprise maintenance and support revenue increased primarily driven by the
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volume growth in digital engagement and security biometrics license transactions. As a percentage of total revenue, maintenance and support revenue increased from 17.3% to 18.5% for the three months ended December 31, 2020.
COSTS AND EXPENSES
Cost of Hosting and Professional Services Revenue
Cost of hosting and professional services revenue primarily consists of compensation for services personnel, outside consultants and overhead, as well as the hardware, infrastructure and communications fees that support our hosting solutions. The following table shows the cost of hosting and professional services revenue, in dollars and as a percentage of professional services and hosting revenue (dollars in millions): 
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
Cost of hosting and professional services revenue $ 105.6  $ 101.3  $ 4.3  4.2  %
As a percentage of professional services and hosting revenue 53.9  % 58.3  %
Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
Cost of hosting and professional services revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2020 increased by $4.3 million, or 4.2%, primarily driven by increased employee headcount to support the continued growth and expansion of our cloud-based solutions. Gross margin increased by 4.3 percentage points primarily due to the growth in Dragon Medical cloud-based solution, which is margin accretive.
Cost of Product and Licensing Revenue
Cost of product and licensing revenue primarily consists of material and fulfillment costs, manufacturing and operations costs and third-party royalty expenses. The following table shows the cost of product and licensing revenue, in dollars and as a percentage of product and licensing revenue (dollars in millions): 
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
Cost of product and licensing revenue $ 14.4  $ 33.9  $ (19.5) (57.5) %
As a percentage of product and licensing revenue 16.8  % 27.2  %
Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
Cost of product and licensing revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2020 decreased by $19.5 million, or 57.5%. Gross margin increased by 10.4 percentage points year-over-year. The decrease in cost and increase in gross margin were primarily due to higher royalty costs related to a legacy term license transaction in Healthcare for the first quarter of fiscal year 2020.
Cost of Maintenance and Support Revenue
Cost of maintenance and support revenue primarily consists of compensation for product support personnel and overhead. The following table shows the cost of maintenance and support revenue, in dollars and as a percentage of maintenance and support revenue (dollars in millions): 
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
Cost of maintenance and support revenue $ 7.5  $ 7.9  $ (0.4) (4.8) %
As a percentage of maintenance and support revenue 11.7  % 12.6  %
Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
Cost of maintenance and support revenue for the three months ended December 31, 2020 decreased by $0.4 million, or 4.8%, primarily due to the continued transition from license transactions with maintenance and support to cloud-based solutions in Healthcare. Gross margins increased by 0.8 percentage points primarily driven by higher margin on Dragon Medical maintenance and support services in Healthcare.
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Research and Development Expense
Research and development ("R&D") expense primarily consists of salaries, benefits, and overhead relating to engineering staff as well as third party engineering costs. The following table shows R&D expense, in dollars and as a percentage of total revenues (dollars in millions): 
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
Research and development expense $ 56.5  $ 54.6  $ 1.9  3.4  %
As a percentage of total revenue 16.3  % 15.1  %
Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
R&D expense increased by $1.9 million, or 3.4%, primarily due to a higher employee headcount as we continued to invest in our core technologies to power new products and solutions.
Sales and Marketing Expense
Sales and marketing expense include salaries and benefits, commissions, advertising, direct mail, public relations, tradeshow costs and other costs of marketing programs, travel expenses associated with our sales organization and overhead. The following table shows sales and marketing expense, in dollars and as a percentage of total revenues (dollars in millions): 
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
Sales and marketing expense $ 65.4  $ 65.8  $ (0.4) (0.6) %
As a percentage of total revenue 18.9  % 18.2  %
Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
Sales and marketing expense for the three months ended December 31, 2020 decreased by $0.4 million, or 0.6%, primarily due to lower traveling and entertainment expenses, mostly offset by our investment in sales force to support new products and solutions.
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative ("G&A") expense primarily consists of personnel costs for administration, finance, human resources, general management, fees for external professional advisers including accountants and attorneys, and provisions for doubtful accounts. The following table shows G&A expense, in dollars and as a percentage of total revenues (dollars in millions): 
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
General and administrative expense $ 41.1  $ 38.3  $ 2.8  7.3  %
As a percentage of total revenue 11.9  % 10.6  %
Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
G&A expense increased by $2.8 million, or 7.3%, primarily driven by increases in compensation costs, offset in part by lower traveling and entertainment expenses.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Amortization of acquired patents and technologies are included within cost of revenue and the amortization of acquired customer and contractual relationships, non-compete agreements, acquired trade names and trademarks, and other intangibles are included within Operating expenses. Customer relationships are amortized based upon the pattern in which the economic benefits of the customer relationships are expected to be realized. Other identifiable intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense was recorded as follows (dollars in millions): 
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Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
Cost of revenue $ 4.3  $ 6.6  $ (2.3) (35.1) %
Operating expenses 10.5  9.2  1.3  14.6  %
Total amortization expense $ 14.8  $ 15.8  $ (1.0) (6.1) %
The decreases in total amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended December 31, 2020, as compared to the prior year periods, as certain intangible assets became fully amortized or written off during fiscal year 2020.
Acquisition-Related Costs, Net
Acquisition-related costs include costs related to business and asset acquisitions. These costs consist of (i) transition and integration costs, including retention payments, transitional employee costs, earn-out payments, and other costs related to integration activities; (ii) professional service fees, including financial advisory, legal, accounting, and other outside services incurred in connection with acquisition activities, and disputes and regulatory matters related to acquired entities; and (iii) fair value adjustments to acquisition-related contingencies. A summary of the Acquisition-related cost, net is as follows (dollars in millions): 
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
Transition and integration costs $ 0.1  $ 1.5  $ (1.4) (95.1) %
Professional service fees 0.3  (0.2) 0.5  (208.6) %
Total Acquisition-related costs, net $ 0.3  $ 1.2  $ (0.9) (73.4) %
The decrease in acquisition-related cost, net for the three months ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to overall reduced acquisition and integration activities as we focus on portfolio optimization and organizational simplification.
Restructuring and Other Charges, Net
Restructuring and other charges, net include restructuring expenses together with other charges that are unusual in nature, are the result of unplanned events, or arise outside of the ordinary course of our business. While restructuring and other charges, net are excluded from segment profits, the table below presents the restructuring and other charges, net associated with each segment (dollars in thousands):
  Three Months Ended December 31,
2020 2019
Personnel Facilities Total Restructuring Other Charges Total Personnel Facilities Total Restructuring Other Charges Total
Healthcare $ 2,632  $ 567  $ 3,199  $ —  $ 3,199  $ 1,276  $ 1,527  $ 2,803  $ —  $ 2,803 
Enterprise 1,182  2,472  3,654  —  3,654  1,304  505  1,809  —  1,809 
Other —  29  29  —  29  —  (365) (365) —  (365)
Corporate 975  3  978  706  1,684  333  (532) (199) 2,635  2,436 
Total $ 4,789  $ 3,071  $ 7,860  $ 706  $ 8,566  $ 2,913  $ 1,135  $ 4,048  $ 2,635  $ 6,683 
Fiscal Year 2021
For the three months ended December 31, 2020, we recorded restructuring charges of $7.9 million, which included $4.8 million related to the termination of approximately 57 employees and $3.1 million charge related to closing certain idle facilities. These actions were part of our strategic initiatives focused on investment rationalization, process optimization and cost reduction as we continue to evaluate the geographic footprint of our offices and facilities. We expect the remaining outstanding severance of $2.1 million to be substantially paid during fiscal year 2021, and the remaining $16.1 million lease payments to be made through fiscal year 2027, in accordance with the terms of the applicable leases. Additionally, for the three months ended December 31, 2020, we recorded $0.7 million professional services expenses related to other corporate initiatives.
Fiscal Year 2020
For the three months ended December 31, 2019, we recorded restructuring charges of $4.0 million, which included $2.9 million related to the termination of approximately 37 employees and $1.1 million related to closing certain idle facilities. These actions were part of our strategic initiatives focused on investment rationalization, process optimization and cost reduction.
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Additionally, for the three months ended December 31, 2019, we recorded $2.8 million costs related to the separation of our Automotive business, which was offset in part by a $0.2 million cash receipt from insurance claims.
Other Income (Expense), Net
A summary is as follows (dollars in millions): 
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
Interest income $ 0.2  $ 2.2  $ (2.0) (89.6) %
Interest expense (23.0) (23.8) 0.8  (3.4) %
Other income, net 0.5  (12.0) 12.5  (104.1) %
Total other expense, net $ (22.3) $ (33.7) $ 11.4  (33.8) %
Interest income for the three months ended December 31, 2020 decreased primarily due to lower yields and decreases in cash and marketable securities for the current year period.
Interest expense for the three months ended December 31, 2020 decreased as we repaid $300.0 million of the 2024 Senior Notes in October 2019. We also repurchased $123.8 million notional amounts of the 1.25% and 1.5% Convertible Debentures during the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.
Other income, net for the three months ended December 31, 2020 decreased primarily due to losses on redemption and repurchases of debt in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020.
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
The following table shows the provision (benefit) for income taxes on continuing operations and the effective income tax rate (dollars in millions):
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar
Change 		Percent
Change
2020 2019
Provision (benefit) for income taxes $ 2.3  $ (41.3) $ 43.6  (105.6) %
Effective income tax rate 24.9  % (1,774.7) %
The effective income tax rate is based upon the income for the year, the composition of the income in different countries, changes relating to valuation allowances and as necessary, and adjustments, if any, for the potential tax consequences of resolving audits or other tax contingencies. Our effective income tax rate may vary based on the geographic mix of our income.
Our effective income tax rate was 24.9% for the three months ended December 31, 2020, compared to (1,774.7)% for the three months ended December 31, 2019. The effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2020 differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the base erosion anti-abuse tax offset by a change in the valuation allowance in the United States. The effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2019 differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to a net tax benefit related an adjustment to domestic valuation allowance in connection with the Cerence spin-off.
Valuation Allowances
As of December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020, we had a full valuation allowance against net domestic deferred tax assets and certain foreign deferred tax assets. We intend to maintain valuation allowances on these deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the release of all or some portion of these allowances. A significant portion of our domestic deferred tax assets relate to U.S. net operating losses. Cumulative pretax losses have historically represented significant negative evidence of our ability to realize our domestic deferred tax assets. We continue to evaluate all sources of domestic taxable income including both the reversal of existing deferred tax liabilities and the likelihood that we could sustain pretax profitability in the future. As of December 31, 2020, we believe that there is a reasonable possibility that within the next twelve months these sources of taxable income may become sufficient positive evidence to support a conclusion that a substantial portion of the domestic valuation allowance, excluding capital losses, could be released.

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SEGMENT ANALYSIS
The following table presents certain financial information about our operating segments (dollars in millions):
Three Months Ended December 31, Dollar Change Percent
Change
2020 2019
Segment Revenues (a):
Healthcare $ 199.3  $ 213.8  $ (14.5) (6.8) %
Enterprise 139.2  138.5  0.7  0.5  %
Other 7.3  9.3  (2.0) (22.0) %
Total segment revenues $ 345.8  $ 361.6  $ (15.8) (4.4) %
Less: acquisition related revenues adjustments —  (0.1) 0.1  (100.0) %
Total revenues $ 345.8  $ 361.5  $ (15.8) (4.4) %
Segment Profit:
Healthcare $ 74.8  $ 73.7  $ 1.1  1.5  %
Enterprise 41.5  41.8  (0.3) (0.7) %
Other 5.0  5.1  (0.1) (2.8) %
Total segment profit $ 121.3  $ 120.6  $ 0.7  0.5  %
Segment Profit Margin:
Healthcare 37.5  % 34.5  % 3.1 
Enterprise 29.8  % 30.2  % (0.4)
Other 68.4  % 54.9  % 13.5 
Total segment profit margin 35.1  % 33.4  % 1.7 
(a)Segment revenues differ from reported revenues due to certain revenue adjustments related to acquisitions that would otherwise have been recognized but for the purchase accounting treatment of the business combinations. These revenues are included to allow for more complete comparisons to the financial results of historical operations and in evaluating management performance.
Segment Revenues
Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
•Healthcare segment revenue decreased by $14.5 million, or 6.8%, as the growths in Dragon Medical and DAX cloud-based solutions were more than offset by a decrease related to a non-strategic legacy term license contract. Revenue from Dragon Medical and DAX cloud-based solutions increased by $14.8 million, or 22.5%, to $80.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2020 from $65.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019, primarily due to the continued market penetration and customer transition.
•Enterprise segment revenue increased by $0.7 million, or 0.5%, primarily due to growth in security and biometrics, offset in part by a decrease in voice engagement, which was due to the timing of license transactions.
•Other segment revenue decreased by $2.0 million, or 22.0%, as we continue to wind down our Other segment.
Segment Profit
Three Months Ended December 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
•Healthcare segment profit increased by $1.1 million, or 1.5%, primarily due to lower sales and marketing expenses, offset in part by lower segment revenue. Sales and marketing expenses decreased primarily as a result of lower travel and entertainment expenses in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021. Segment profit margin increased by 3.1 percentage points to 37.5%, primarily driven by the growth in our Dragon Medical cloud-based solution, which is margin accretive.
•Enterprise segment profit decreased by $0.3 million, or 0.7%, as higher segment revenue was more than offset by higher R&D expenses. The increase in R&D expense was primarily due to higher spend on core technologies to support future growth. Segment profit margin decreased by 0.4 percentage points to 29.8%, primarily due to higher R&D expense margin, offset in part by higher gross margin in security and biometrics.
•Other segment profit decreased by $0.1 million, or 2.8%, as we continue to wind down our Other segment. Segment profit margin increased by 13.5 percentage points to 68.4%.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
We had cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities of $374.3 million as of December 31, 2020, an increase of $2.0 million from $372.3 million as of September 30, 2020. Our working capital, defined as total current assets less total current liabilities from continuing operations, was $(821.7) million as of December 31, 2020, compared to $(256.5) million as of September 30, 2020. Our working capitals include $1,053.0 million and $432.2 million convertible debts as of December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, we had $240.3 million available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility. On February 4, 2021, we entered into the New Revolving Credit Agreement, which replaced the existing Amended Revolving Credit Agreement. The New Revolving Credit Agreement extends the expiration to February 4, 2026, and increases the aggregate borrowing commitments to $300.0 million. We believe that our existing sources of liquidity are sufficient to support our operating needs, capital requirements and any debt service requirements for the next twelve months.
Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities held by our international operations totaled $75.3 million as of December 31, 2020 and $60.9 million as of September 30, 2020. We utilize a variety of financing strategies to ensure that our worldwide cash is available to meet our liquidity needs. We expect the cash held overseas to be permanently invested in our international operations, and our U.S. operation to be funded through its own operating cash flows, cash and marketable securities within the U.S., and if necessary, borrowing under our revolving credit facility.
Disposition of Our Medical Transcription and EHR Go-live Businesses
In connection with our ongoing comprehensive portfolio and business review, on November 17, 2020, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell our medical transcription and EHR go-live businesses. We expect the sale to be completed the sale of the businesses during the second quarter of fiscal year 2021.
Convertible Debentures
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, our common stock price exceeded the conversion threshold price of 130% of the applicable conversion price per share for each of our convertible debentures for at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ending December 31, 2020. As a result, the holders of our 1.25% 2025 Debentures, 1.5% 2035 Debentures, and 1.0% 2035 Debentures have the right to convert all or any portion of their debentures between January 1, 2021 and March 31, 2021. Additionally, the holders of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures will have the right to redeem the notes in November 2021. All three convertible notes with a total net book value of $1.05 billion was included within current liabilities as of December 31, 2020.
Should any holders elect to convert, the principal amount of the convertible debentures would be payable in cash, and any amount payable in excess of the principal amount would be paid in cash or shares of our common stock at our election. Although the holders of our 1.25% 2025 Debentures and 1.5% 2035 Debentures previously had the right to convert their debentures between October 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 as our common stock price exceeded 130% of the applicable conversion price for these debentures for at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ending September 30, 2020, only one holder of $0.02 million notional amount exercised their conversion right during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2020.
Our convertible debentures are actively traded in the open market and consistently at a trading price in excess of their conversion values. Therefore, we believe that it is uneconomic, and thus unlikely for the holders to early exercise their conversion rights with Nuance. In the event that the holders presented an amount for settlement that exceeded our then available sources of liquidity, we may need to obtain additional financing, which we believe would be available to us based upon our assessment of the prevailing market and business conditions and our experience of successful capital raising activities.
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended December 31, 2020 was $61.2 million, an increase of $7.6 million from $53.6 million cash provided for the three months ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to:
•An increase of $21.7 million in cash provided due to favorable changes in working capital, primarily due to the timing of cash collections and cash payments; offset in part by,
•A decrease of $7.9 million in cash provided due to lower income before non-cash charges;
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•A decrease of $3.9 million in cash provided from changes in deferred revenue. Deferred revenue had a positive effect of $23.8 million on operating cash flows for the three months ended December 31, 2020, as compared to $27.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019; and
•A decrease of $2.3 million in cash flows from discontinued operations.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended December 31, 2020 was $22.0 million, an increase of $4.9 million from $17.0 million cash used for the three months ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to:
•An increase of $3.2 million in cash used for capital expenditures; and
•An increase of $2.1 million in cash used in other investing activities; offset in part by,
•An increase of $0.3 million in net proceeds from the sale and purchase of marketable securities and other investments.
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities
Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended December 31, 2020 was $43.7 million, a decrease of $253.8 million from $297.5 million cash used for the three months ended December 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to:
•A decrease of $313.5 million in cash used for the repayment and redemption of debt; and
•A decrease of $92.4 million in cash used for share repurchases; offset in part by,
•A net contribution of $139.1 million from Cerence in connection with the spin-off of our Automotive business during the first quarter of fiscal year 2020; and
•An increase of $13.8 million in cash used for payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards.
Debt
For a detailed description of the terms and restrictions of the debt and revolving credit facility, see Note 10 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
As of December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all the debt covenants. We may from time to time, depending on market and business conditions, repurchase outstanding debt in the open market or by private negotiation. We expect to incur cash interest payments of approximately $20.8 million for the remainder of fiscal year 2021, based on the stated yields and the outstanding debt principals as of December 31, 2020. We expect to fund our debt service requirements through existing sources of liquidity and our operating cash flows.
Share Repurchase Program
On April 29, 2013, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for up to $500.0 million, which was increased by $500.0 million on April 29, 2015. On August 1, 2018, our Board of Directors approved an additional $500.0 million under our share repurchase program. Under the terms of the share repurchase program, we have the ability to repurchase shares from time to time through a variety of methods, which may include open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, block trades, accelerated stock repurchase transactions, or any combination of such methods. The share repurchase program does not require us to acquire any specific number of shares and may be modified, suspended, extended or terminated by us at any time without prior notice. The timing and the amount of any purchases are subject to our assessment of the prevailing market conditions, general economic conditions, capital allocation alternatives, and other factors.
We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock for the three months ended December 31, 2020, and we repurchased 5.7 million shares of our common stock for $92.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019 under the program. The amount paid in excess of par value is recognized in additional paid in capital and these shares were retired upon repurchase. Since the commencement of the program, we have repurchased 73.8 million shares for $1,238.8 million. As of December 31, 2020, approximately $261.2 million remained available for future repurchases under the program.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Contractual Obligations
Contractual Obligations
The following table outlines our contractual payment obligations (dollars in millions):
  Contractual Payments Due in Fiscal Year
Contractual Obligations Total Remainder of 2021 2022 and 2023 2024 and 2025 Thereafter
Convertible debentures (1)
$ 1,166.5  $ 1,166.5  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Senior notes (2)
500.0  —  —  —  500.0 
Interest payable on long-term debt (3)
186.4  20.8  71.6  61.2  32.8 
Letters of credit (4)
2.2  2.2  —  —  — 
Lease obligations and other liabilities:
Operating leases (5)
125.1  18.9  38.2  26.5  41.5 
Operating leases under restructuring 15.6  3.2  7.3  3.3  1.8 
Purchase commitments for inventory, property and equipment (6)
127.5  51.2  76.3  —  — 
Total contractual cash obligations $ 2,123.3  $ 1,262.8  $ 193.4  $ 91.0  $ 576.1 
(1)As of December 31, 2020, the holders have the right to convert all or any portion of the 1.25% 2025 Debentures, 1.5% 2035 Debentures, and 1.0% 2035 Debentures between January 1, 2021 and March 31, 2021. Additionally, the holders of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures will have the right to redeem the notes in November 2021. Additionally, the holders of the 1.5% 2035 Debentures will have the right to redeem the notes in November 2021. As a result, these convertible debentures were treated as if they were due in fiscal year 2021.
(2)The repayment schedule reflects all the senior notes outstanding as of December 31, 2020.
(3)Interest per annum is due and payable semi-annually and is determined based on the outstanding principal as of December 31, 2020, the stated interest rate of each debt instrument and the assumed redemption dates discussed above.
(4)Letters of credit are in place primarily to secure future operating lease payments.
(5)Obligations include contractual lease commitments related to facilities that have subsequently been subleased. As of December 31, 2020, we have subleased certain facilities with total sublease income of $11.1 million through fiscal year 2027.
(6)These amounts include non-cancelable purchase commitments for property and equipment as well as inventory in the normal course of business to fulfill customer backlog.
Total unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2020 were $62.2 million. We do not expect any significant change in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.
Contingent Liabilities and Commitments
Certain acquisition payments to selling shareholders were contingent upon the achievement of predetermined performance target over a period of time after the acquisition. Such contingent payments were recorded at estimated fair values upon the acquisition and re-measured in subsequent reporting periods. As of December 31, 2020, we may be required to pay the selling stockholders up to $3.0 million upon achieving specified performance goals, including the achievement of future bookings and sales targets related to the products of the acquired entities. In addition, certain deferred compensation payments to selling shareholders contingent upon their continued employment after the acquisition was recorded as compensation expense over the requisite service period. Additionally, as of December 31, 2020, the remaining deferred payment obligations of $0.3 million to certain former stockholders, which are contingent upon their continued employment, will be recognized ratably as compensation expense over the remaining requisite service periods.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Through December 31, 2020, we have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements or material transactions with unconsolidated entities or other persons.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Our critical accounting policies are included in the "Critical Accounting Policies" section of "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020. There has been no material change to our critical accounting policies since September 30, 2020.
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RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS NOT YET ADOPTED
See Note 2 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the recently adopted and issued accounting standards.
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices which could affect operating results, financial position and cash flows. We manage our exposure to these market risks through our regular operating and financing activities and, when appropriate, through the use of derivative financial instruments.
Exchange Rate Sensitivity
We are exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Any foreign currency transaction, defined as a transaction denominated in a currency other than the local functional currency, will be reported in the functional currency at the applicable exchange rate in effect at the time of the transaction. A change in the value of the functional currency compared to the foreign currency of the transaction will have either a positive or negative impact on our financial position and results of operations.
Assets and liabilities of our foreign entities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and income and expense items are translated at average rates for the applicable period. Therefore, the change in the value of the U.S. dollar compared to foreign currencies will have either a positive or negative effect on our financial position and results of operations. Historically, our primary exposure has related to transactions denominated in the euro, British pound, Brazilian real, Canadian dollar, and Indian rupee.
Periodically, we enter into forward exchange contracts to hedge against foreign exchange rate fluctuations. As of December 31, 2020, we had not designated any contracts as fair value or cash flow hedges. The contracts generally have a maturity of less than 90 days. As of December 31, 2020, the notional contract amount of outstanding foreign currency exchange contracts was $24.3 million.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
We are exposed to interest rate risk as a result of our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities.
At December 31, 2020, we held approximately $374.3 million of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities consisting of cash, money-market funds, bank deposits and a separately managed investment portfolio. Assuming a one percentage point increase in interest rates, our interest income on our investments classified as cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities would increase by approximately $3.7 million per annum, based on the balances of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities as of December 31, 2020.
Convertible Debentures
The fair values of our convertible debentures are dependent on the price and volatility of our common stock as well as movements in interest rates. The fair market values of these debentures will generally increase as the market price of our common stock increases and will decrease as the market price of our common stock decreases. The fair market values of these debentures will generally increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. The market value and interest rate changes affect the fair market values of these debentures, but do not impact our financial position, results of operations or cash flows due to the fixed nature of the debt obligations. However, increases in the value of our common stock above the stated trigger price for each issuance for a specified period of time may provide the holders of these debentures the right to convert each bond using a conversion ratio and payment method as defined in the debenture agreement.
The following table summarizes the fair value and conversion value of our convertible debentures, and the estimated increase in fair value and conversion value with a hypothetical 10% increase in the stock price of $44.09 as of December 31, 2020 (dollars in millions):
December 31, 2020
Fair value Conversion value Increase to fair value Increase to conversion value
1.5% 2035 Debentures $ 488.0  $ 486.5  $ 39.7  $ 48.6 
1.0% 2035 Debentures $ 1,260.2  $ 1,236.5  $ 114.3  $ 123.7 
1.25% 2025 Debentures $ 599.6  $ 588.2  $ 54.9  $ 58.8 
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Item 4.Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining a system of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")) designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive officer or officers and principal financial officer or officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
We have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures under the supervision of, and with the participation of, management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to meet the requirements of Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no material changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the three months ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
Part II. Other Information
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
This information is included in Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies, in the accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and is incorporated herein by reference from Item 1 of Part I.
Item 1A.Risk Factors
Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2020 sets forth information relating to important risks and uncertainties that could materially affect our business, financial condition or operating results. Those risk factors, in addition to the other information set forth in this report, continue to be relevant to an understanding of our business, financial condition and operating results for the three months ended December 31, 2020. There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our Annual Report.
Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following is a summary of our share repurchases for the three months ended December 31, 2020:
Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program (1)
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program(1)
October 1, 2020 - October 31, 2020 —  —  —  $261.2 Million
November 1, 2020 - November 30, 2020 —  —  —  $261.2 Million
December 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020 —  —  —  $261.2 Million
Total —  — 
(1) On April 29, 2013, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for up to $500.0 million, which was increased by $500.0 million on April 29, 2015. On August 1, 2018, our Board of Directors approved additional $500.0 million under our share repurchase program. As of December 31, 2020, approximately $261.2 million remained available for future repurchases under the program.
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For the majority of restricted stock units granted to employees, the number of shares issued on the date the restricted stock units vest is net of the minimum statutory income withholding tax requirements that we pay in cash to the applicable taxing authorities on behalf of our employees. We do not consider these transactions to be common stock repurchases.
Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5.Other Information
None.
Item 6.Exhibits
The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index are filed or incorporated by reference (as stated therein) as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
    Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit
Number 		Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing
Date 		Filed
Herewith
3.1 10-Q 000-27038 3.2 5/11/2001
3.2 10-Q 000-27038 3.1 8/9/2004
3.3 8-K 000-27038 3.1 10/19/2005
3.4 S-3 333-142182 3.3 4/18/2007
3.5 10-K 001-36056 3.4 11/7/2019
10.1 8-K 001-36056 10.1 2/8/2021
31.1 X
31.2 X
32.1 X
101 The following materials from Nuance Communications, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2020, formatted in XBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. X
104 The cover page of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2020 formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Town of Burlington, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on February 9, 2021.
 
Nuance Communications, Inc.
By:   /s/ Daniel D. Tempesta
  Daniel D. Tempesta
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302(A) OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Mark Benjamin, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Nuance Communications, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:   /s/ Mark Benjamin
  Mark Benjamin
  Chief Executive Officer
February 9, 2021


Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302(A) OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Daniel D. Tempesta, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Nuance Communications, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
By:   /s/ Daniel D. Tempesta
  Daniel D. Tempesta
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
February 9, 2021


Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Mark Benjamin, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report of Nuance Communications, Inc. on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2020 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly presents in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of Nuance Communications, Inc.
 
By:   /s/ Mark Benjamin
  Mark Benjamin
  Chief Executive Officer
February 9, 2021



I, Daniel D. Tempesta, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report of Nuance Communications, Inc. on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2020 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly presents in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of Nuance Communications, Inc.
 
By:   /s/ Daniel D. Tempesta
  Daniel D. Tempesta
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
February 9, 2021