U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
                          Washington, D.C. 20549
               FORM 10-K
  (Mark One)
[ X ]
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 [Fee Required]
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
[     ]
Transition Report Under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 [No Fee Required]
 
Commission File Number 0-20791
 
AMARILLO BIOSCIENCES, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Texas
(State of other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
75-1974352
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
4134 Business Park Drive, Amarillo, Texas
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
79110-4225
(Zip Code)
 
                                                           
                     Issuer’s telephone number, including area code: (806) 376-1741


Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
None.

Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:
Common Stock, Par Value $.01

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  [  ] Yes   [√] No

Indicate by check mark whether the issuer is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.  [  ] Yes   [√] No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  [√ ] Yes   [ ] No

Indicate by check mark if there is no disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Sec.229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  [√ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, and accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer [ ]
 
Accelerated filer [ ]
Non-accelerated filer [ ] (do not check if smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company [√]
Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).      [  ] Yes   [√] No
1


As of June 30, 2018, there were issued and outstanding 34,674,261 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01, which is the only class of common or voting stock of the registrant.  As of that date, the aggregate market value of 31,006,569 shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant (based on the closing price of $0.28 for the common stock on the OTC BB.AMAR June 30, 2018) was approximately $8,681,840.  Shares of common stock held by officers, directors and each shareholder owning ten percent or more of the outstanding common stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates.

The number of shares of the Registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding as of April 16, 2019 was 39,453,524.

PART I

The following contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The Company’s actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth in “Management’s 2019 Plan of Operations” as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and the Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
ITEM 1.
BUSINESS.
General
Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. (the "Company” or “ABI”) is a Texas corporation formed in 1984 engaged in developing biologics for the treatment of human and animal diseases. Our current focus is research aimed at the treatment of human disease indications, particularly influenza, hepatitis C, thrombocytopenia, and other indications using natural human interferon alpha that is administered in a proprietary low dose oral form.

ABI currently owns or licenses six issued patents, five in the U.S., and one in Taiwan, of which five patents are related to the low-dose oral delivery of interferon and one patent is associated with a dietary supplement, Maxisal ® .  In our history, we have completed more than 100 pre-clinical (animal) and human studies on the safety and efficacy of low-dose orally administered interferon, including two phase 3 clinical trials. On October 31, 2013, ABI filed a voluntary petition in the Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas, for protection under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the U.S. code.  The Company successfully reorganized both organizationally and financially and exited bankruptcy in January of 2015.

In addition to the core technology discussed in the first paragraph of this section, ABI is currently working to expand the Company’s current focus into a diversified healthcare business portfolio in order to generate new revenue streams.

Current Status
The Company completely reorganized and has been restructured into three business units: the Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Consumer Product Divisions. Historically, the Company has focused on R&D involving low-dose, orally administered lozenges containing the natural immune system activator interferon-alpha as a treatment for a variety of conditions. Under the leadership of Dr. Stephen T. Chen, ABI began its new life with a valuable intellectual property portfolio including issued patents and a trademark.  Additionally, ABI has a library of almost thirty years of scientific and clinical data on the human and animal applications of low-dose oral interferon. Through the Pharmaceutical Division, ABI seeks to out-license or leverage in other ways its core technology by forming partnerships to develop current and new discoveries and commercialize the resulting products.
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An integral part of the ABI Operating Plan is to create multiple revenue streams through the implementation of programs (including but not limited to in-licensing) of medical and healthcare products and processes. The Medical Division and Consumer Products Division will facilitate the enhancement of those revenue streams. These programs will be the catalyst which allows ABI to enter markets in Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, and other Asian countries for the distribution of these new medical and healthcare products.
Diabetes is a global epidemic with an estimated cost topping $2.5 trillion world-wide.  Taiwan, gateway to China and representative of the upward trend in diabetes prevalence and cost throughout Asia, saw a 70% increase in total diabetes cases between 2000-2009 with a 35% increase in standardized prevalence rate.  Currently, almost 2 million people suffer from diabetes in Taiwan, which equals 11% prevalence or 1 in 9 people, for a country with a population of around 18 million adults. The adoption of a Western diet and lifestyle has had more detrimental effects on East Asian countries with diabetes prevalence in Taiwan and China now outpacing the US and other Western nations.  Studies have shown that East Asians have weaker insulin secretions compared with other ethnicities which make controlling blood glucose more challenging which in turn makes them more susceptible to type 2 diabetes. The weaker insulin response seen in Taiwanese and Chinese populations could be due to certain genetic polymorphisms or differential intestinal secretions and helps explain why only 30-40% of East Asians with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese compared to over 80% of Americans. So while obesity is on the rise in China, diabetes is climbing at a faster rate than other obesity-related diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Diabetic complications such as retinopathy which is a leading cause of blindness, peripheral neuropathies which contribute to delayed wound healing and amputations, and nephropathy which can necessitate dialysis and kidney transplant, are catastrophic both to quality of life and cost of care.
Currently, type 2 diabetes is treated as a chronic progressive disease with increases in both number and dose of drugs seen across a patient’s lifetime. Generally one or more oral hypoglycemic drugs are used for months or years until a combination of short and long-acting insulin is required to keep the patient’s blood glucose within normal limits. Unfortunately, once a patient’s pancreas is exhausted and they are finally forced to go on insulin, they require insulin for the rest of their lives. And even more unfortunate is that even with fairly well-controlled blood glucose levels, diabetics will face one or more undesirable complications with poor outcomes from cardiovascular, eye, nerve, or kidney disease secondary to their diabetes. This unsuccessful model of diabetes care is not satisfactory.
Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. has been developing pulsatile insulin therapy in Taiwan that consists of delivering insulin intravenously by pump in pulses, as opposed to the typical subcutaneous route of administration, in order to more closely imitate how the pancreas secretes insulin in healthy non-diabetics.
When the liver receives insulin in discreet pulses, it appears to better able to regulate blood glucose levels. Patients suffering from peripheral neuropathies have reported less numbness and pain after receiving pulsatile insulin infusion treatments for several weeks or months. Pulsatile-insulin treatments given once or twice a week for a number of months show promise in lessening the incidence and severity of microvascular complications of diabetes such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy.  ABI’s Medical Division is currently investigating medical equipment options for its pulsatile insulin infusion pump.
Within the next year, ABI plans to be able to offer innovative and comprehensive diabetes treatment that provide solutions to all stages of diabetes from pre-diabetes through late-stage diabetes with advanced complications targeting Taiwan first, with plans to open clinics in China within 3 years. Within the Medical division, ABI is also a licensed distributor of TissueAid™ biodegradable wound closure products in Taiwan.  ABI became the official distributor of TissueAid™ for the Taiwan market in the fourth quarter of 2017.  The TissueAid™ product is developed by the first and only medical material research company for wound care, GJ Biotech Co Ltd. This distributorship provides momentum to enter next level for ABI.
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The global market of tissue adhesives is $800 million and has an annual growth of 11%. Since the current market in Taiwan has yet to previously use this product, there is great room for growth. The first quarter of 2018 has seen successful distribution within the following medical institution systems:
1- Tri-Service General Hospital - the product was implemented into the procurement system of the hospital in Feb 2018, and has been used for breast surgery for plastic surgery. TissueAid™ will be utilized by additional departments of the hospital in the near future.
2- In collaboration with MYTREX HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES - as of Feb 2018 the procurement system of Min Sheng Hospital had finished coding the product and the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology was ready to begin applying it in Laparoscopy surgery and C-sections.
The Consumer Product Division is presently working on multiple endeavors. First, this ABI division now offers a unique proprietary liposomal delivery system for nutraceuticals and food supplements including Vitamin C, Glutathione, CoQ10, Curcumin/Resveratrol, DHA, and a Multi-Vitamin. The Company also has a dietary supplement product, Maxisal® that is useful in the symptomatic relief of dry mouth.
In 2018 ABI established a representative branch office in Taiwan – Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. (Taiwan Branch) ( 美商康華全球生技股份有限公司   台灣分公司 ) (“ABI Taiwan”) to increase the Company's presence in Taiwan and serve as an operational hub to access growing Asian markets.

Core Technology

Injectable interferon is FDA-approved to treat some neoplastic, viral and autoimmune diseases.  Many patients experience moderate to severe side-effects, causing them to discontinue injectable interferon therapy.  Our core technology is a natural human interferon-alpha that is delivered into the oral cavity as a lozenge in low (nanogram) doses. The lozenge dissolves in the mouth where interferon binds to surface (mucosal) cells in the mouth and throat, resulting in activation of hundreds of genes in the peripheral blood that stimulate the immune system.  Human studies have shown that oral interferon is safe and effective against viral and neoplastic diseases. Oral interferon is given in concentrations 10,000 times less than that usually given by injection. The Company’s low-dose formulation results in almost no side effects, in contrast to high dose injectable interferon, which causes adverse effects in at least 50% of recipients.

Governmental or FDA approval is required for low-dose oral interferon.  Our progress toward approval is discussed under each specific indication, below.  We believe that our technology is sound and can be commercialized.  Due to occurrences in the interferon market over the past several years, we have been unsuccessful at such commercialization.

Interferon Supply

The Company’s long-time human interferon producer is no longer manufacturing interferon.  Plans for further clinical trials and commercialization of a low-dose interferon product have been placed on hold until a new cGMP source of interferon is found.  ABI is actively seeking a new manufacturing partner and exploring options with pharmaceutical companies that have a supply of natural human interferon made in a similar manner, but from a different cell line as our previous product.

Procuring a new source of interferon will require some studies demonstrating comparability and further clinical trials will have to be performed.  Although these studies may prove costly and time consuming, the Company will be able to use optimized protocols from its thirty years of experience in conducting trials with natural human interferon.  Rather than having to start from greenfield stage, the Company will be able to leverage its history, past results, and data library to target the most appropriate disease states with the best dosage regimens and minimize the time wasted by trial-and-error searching prevalent in pharmaceutical research.
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While the pharmaceutical industry is creating and marketing new and effective anti-viral medications, ABI believes that there is still sufficient time to develop and commercialize low-dose interferon as a safer anti-viral treatment for Influenza, Hepatitis, and other conditions caused by viruses such as genital warts and canker sores. Interferon also has powerful cytotoxic effects which in combination with its immune stimulating activities could play a role in the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapy.  Other demonstrated effects of interferon offer opportunities to commercialize low-dose interferon for the treatment of Thrombocytopenia and chronic cough in lung diseases such as COPD and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF).  The Company has the opportunity to capitalize on its relationship channels in the Asian markets to explore sources of raw materials, capital, production facilities, and to target a significant and growing sales market.

Patents and Proprietary Rights
Since inception, the Company has worked to build an extensive patent portfolio for low-dose orally administered interferon. This portfolio consists of patents with claims that encompass method of use or treatment, and/or composition of matter and manufacturing. As listed below, the Company presently owns or licenses six issued patents.

ACTIVE PATENTS :

"TREATMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA USING ORALLY ADMINISTERED INTERFERON" as described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 9,526,694 B2 issued December 27, 2016, Owned. Expiration: April 2033.

“TREATMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA USING ORALLY ADMINISTERED INTERFERON" as described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 9,750,786 B2 issued September 5, 2017, Owned. Expiration: April 2033.

“TREATMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA USING ORALLY ADMINISTERED INTERFERON" as described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 9,839,672 B2 issued December 12, 2017, Owned. Expiration: April 2033.

"TREATMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA USING ORALLY ADMINISTERED INTERFERON" as described and claimed in TAIWAN Patent No. I592165 issued July 21, 2017, Owned. Expiration: May 2033.

"INTERFERON DOSAGE FORM AND METHOD THEREFOR" as described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 6,372,218 B1 issued April 2002, Licensed. Expiration: April 2019.

"COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PROMOTING ORAL HEALTH" as described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 6,656,920 B2 issued December 2003, Owned. Expiration: April 2021.

There are no current patent litigation proceedings involving the Company.

Cost of Compliance with Environmental Regulations
The Company incurred no costs to comply with environment regulations in 2018.

Competition
The pharmaceutical industry is an expanding and rapidly changing industry characterized by intense competition. ABI believes that our ability to compete will be dependent in large part upon our ability to successfully operate the newly reorganized business, bring in new business lines, continue recapitalization, redevelop and test our products and continually enhance and improve our products and leverage our core technologies. In order to do so, we must effectively utilize and expand our research and development capabilities and, once developed, expeditiously convert new technology into products and processes, which can be commercialized. Competition is based primarily on scientific and technological superiority, technical support, availability of patent protection, access to adequate capital, the ability to develop, acquire and market products and processes successfully, the ability to obtain governmental approvals and the ability to serve the particular needs of commercial customers.  Corporations and institutions with greater resources therefore, have a significant competitive advantage.
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Our potential competitors include entities that develop and produce therapeutic agents and/or medical devices for treatment of human and animal disease. These include numerous public and private academic and research organizations and pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies pursuing production of, among other things, biologics from cell cultures, genetically engineered drugs and natural and chemically synthesized drugs. Many of these potential competitors have substantially greater capital resources, research and development capabilities, manufacturing and marketing resources than us. Competitors may succeed in developing products or processes that are more effective or less costly than any that may be developed by us or that gain regulatory approval prior to our products.  ABI expects that the number of competitors and potential competitors will increase as more anti-viral and cytotoxic products receive commercial marketing approvals from the FDA or analogous foreign regulatory agencies. Any of these competitors may be more successful than us in manufacturing, marketing and distributing its products.  However, upon securing a new source of interferon, ABI’s intellectual property and clinical trials experience with low-dose oral human interferon-alpha, its efficacy for a broad array of disease states, and its strong safety record, will continue to give the Company a foot-hold in the anti-viral and cytotoxic therapeutics markets.

United States Regulation
Before products with health claims can be marketed in the United States, they must receive approval from the FDA. To receive this approval, any drug must undergo rigorous preclinical testing and clinical trials that demonstrate the product candidate’s safety and effectiveness for each indicated use. This extensive regulatory process controls, among other things, the development, testing, manufacture, safety, efficacy, record keeping, labeling, storage, approval, advertising, promotion, sale, and distribution of pharmaceutical products.

In general, before any ethical pharmaceutical product can be marketed in the United States, the FDA will require the following process:

Preclinical laboratory and animal tests;
Submission of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;
Adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the proposed drug for its intended use;
Pre-approval inspection of manufacturing facilities and selected clinical investigators;
Submission of a New Drug Application (NDA) to the FDA; and
FDA approval of an NDA, or of an NDA supplement (for subsequent indications or other modifications, including a change in location of the manufacturing facility).

Substantial financial resources are necessary to fund the research, clinical trials, and related activities necessary to satisfy FDA requirements or similar requirements of state, local, and foreign regulatory agencies. At such time as ABI undertakes to commercialize any of its products, all necessary preclinical testing, clinical trials, data review, and approval steps will be judiciously executed to insure that the product satisfies all regulatory requirements at all levels.

505(b)(2)
ABI has historically followed and will continue to follow the traditional approval process for New Drugs as set out in Section 505(b)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. If an alternative path to FDA approval for new or improved formulations of previously approved products is scientifically and economically feasible and beneficial to the Company and the public, ABI may choose to follow this alternative path as established by section 505(b)(2) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. This
6


section of the Act permits the applicant to rely on certain preclinical or clinical studies conducted for and approved product as some of the information required for approval and for which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference.  The process of approval under 505(b)(2) will be followed as judiciously as 505(b)(1) or any regulation.

Orphan Drug Designation
Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. ABI may choose to seek approval for a product satisfying the definition of and Orphan Drug if that product can be used to treat such an indication.  Orphan drug designation does not convey any advantage in or shorten the duration or rigidity of the regulatory review and approval process.

Foreign Regulation
In addition to regulations in the United States, a variety of foreign regulations govern clinical trials and commercial sales and distribution of products in foreign countries. Whether or not the Company obtains FDA approval for a product, the Company must obtain approval of a product by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries before the Company can commence clinical trials or market the product in those countries. The approval process varies from country to country, and the time may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary greatly from country to country.

The policies of the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities may change and additional government regulations may be enacted which could prevent or delay regulatory approval of investigational drugs or approval of new diseases for existing products and could also increase the cost of regulatory compliance. It is not possible to predict the likelihood, nature or extent of adverse governmental regulation that might arise from future legislative or administrative action, either in the United States or abroad.

Research and Development
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company incurred $32,591 in expenses towards research activities associated with the development of a proprietary pulsatile insulin treatment. ABI has been proactively seeking a replacement source of interferon and anticipates several opportunities to explore in the near future.  If a satisfactory replacement source of interferon is identified and will serve the goals of the Company, adequate funds to procure such source will be allocated to conduct research activities to revitalize the Company’s core technology.

Employees
The Company currently has four full-time employees and two part-time employees. Of these six employees, two are executive officers and four work in legal, administrative, business development and research and development capacities; although no costs of these employees are currently allocated to research and development. Non-employee Consultants in business and research development are also engaged as needed.

ITEM 2.   DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY.

Our executive and administrative offices are located at 4134 Business Park Drive, Amarillo, Texas in a 1,800 square-foot leased facility. The lease term, which is an annual renewal, begins on July 1 of the calendar year and expires on June 30 of the calendar year.  The rent in effect on December 31, 2018 was $1,120 per month and expires on June 30, 2019.
7



ITEM 3.   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

There are currently no legal proceedings involving the Company.

ITEM 4.   SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

None.

PART II

ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Common Stock

The Company has 100,000,000 shares of voting common shares authorized for issuance.  As of December 31, 2018 a total of 47,973,355 shares of common stock were either outstanding (39,117,524) or reserved for issuance upon quarterly distribution of the compensation stock grants, private placement investments, exercise of options and warrants or convertible debt (8,855,831).

On January 3, 2017, Stephen T. Chen, CEO, and Bernard Cohen, CFO/VP, received 145,405 shares of common stock and 19,387 shares of common stock, respectively, as payment of a 2016 stock bonus totaling $42,500.  The stock was issued at a price of $.2579 per share pursuant to the Board of Directors resolution of December 20, 2016. The shares are recognized as stock compensation expense for the period ended December 31, 2016.

During 2017, the Company issued 413,420 shares of common stock for compensation of $106,250.

During 2017, the Company sold 770,000 shares of common stock for proceeds of $144,357.  One of the investors was ABI Chairman, CEO, and President, Stephen T. Chen, Ph.D. purchasing 200,000 common shares at $.1875 per share for total proceeds of $37,500.

On August 1, 2017, 57,000 common shares were issued at of $.1875 per share representing payment of aggregate finders' fees in the amount of $10,688.

During 2017, the Company entered into a subscription agreements to sell 8,579,061 shares at $0.1875 per share in return for a total purchase price of $1,608,574.  These shares were issued during 2018.

During 2018, 3,740,973 shares of common stock were issued to investors for net proceeds of $721,035 which were received in 2017 and included in advances from investors in the 2017 balance sheet.

During 2018, the Company issued 1,700,000 shares of common stock to investors for net proceeds of $401,250.

During 2018, the Company issued 451,480 shares of common stock for compensation of $116,250.

On April 1, 2018, Dr. Chen converted $178,125 of convertible notes payable for 950,000 common shares.  The stock was issued at a price of $.1875 per share as stated in the Note.

Effective July 1, 2018, the Company acquired all of the voting interests of ACTS in exchange for 539,447 shares of ABI Restricted Common Voting Stock.  

We have not paid any dividends to our common stock shareholders to date, and have no plans to do so in the immediate future.
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We use the services of American Stock Transfer and Trust Company as our transfer agent.

Preferred Stock
The shareholders have authorized 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock shares for issuance.
No Preferred Equity was outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and none is outstanding as of the Balance Sheet date of this report.

Stock Options and Warrants

On September 26, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Employee Stock Option Plan (the “2018-ESOP”).  The 2018-ESOP provides for the grant of Qualified Incentive Stock Options to the Company’s employees. The Board, in its adoption of the 2018-ESOP, directed the Officers to submit the 2018-ESOP to the shareholders for ratification and approval at the next scheduled shareholders meeting.  Failure of the ratification and approval of the 2018-ESOP within one year of the effective date will render the qualified options to become nonqualified options for purposes of the U.S Internal Revenue Code. The 2018-ESOP is administered by the Board of Directors of ABI or by a committee of directors appointed by the Board of Directors of ABI (the “Stock Option Committee”) as constituted from time to time.  The maximum number of shares of Common Stock which may be issued under the 2018-ESOP is six million (6,000,000) common stock shares which will be reserved for issuance subject to options.

The option price per share of Common Stock deliverable upon the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option is 100% of the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the date the Incentive Stock Option is granted.  The option price is $0.38 per share and the options are exercisable during a period of ten (10) years from the date of grant, where the options vest 20% annually over five (5) years, commencing one (1) year from date of grant.  If an option grantee owns or controls over ten percent (10%) of the outstanding stock, then pursuant to Section 424(d) of the Code, the option price becomes 110% of fair market value, $0.418; the term of exercise be five (5) years from ten (10); and the vesting period decreases from five (5) years to four (4) years.

On September 26, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Officers, Directors, Employees, and Consultants Nonqualified Stock Option Plan (the “2018-NQSOP”).  The 2018-NQSOP provides for the grant of Nonqualified Incentive Stock Options to the Company’s employees. The 2018-NQSOP is administered by the Board of Directors of ABI or by the Stock Option Committee as constituted from time to time.  The maximum number of shares of Common Stock which may be issued under the 2018-NQSOP is twenty million (20,000,000) common stock shares which will be reserved for issuance subject to options. The option price for the Nonqualified Options is $0.38 exercisable for a period of ten (10) years, with a vesting period of five (5) years at 20% per year commencing one (1) year from date of grant.  There are no changes in terms or conditions for shareholders who own or control over ten percent (10%) of the outstanding stock.
Equity Compensation Plan Information:
Stock Plans 1
Issue Date Range
 
Total Shares Authorized
   
Shares Issued
   
Shares Remaining
 
2008 Stock Incentive Plan
5/23/08 – 10/11/11
   
600,000
     
463,420
     
136,580
 
Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Employee Stock Option Plan 2
9/26/18 –  9/26/28
   
6,000,000
     
950,000
     
5,050,000
 
Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Officers, Directors, Employees, and Consultants Nonqualified Stock Option Plan 2
9/26/18 –  9/26/28
   
20,000,000
     
3,995,000
     
16,005,000
 
1 The Board of Directors has approved all stock, stock option and stock warrant issuances.
2 Details of the option plans are also disclosed in Financial Statements footnote 8, Stock Options and Stock Plans.
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Whether qualified or nonqualified, when options are exercised the ABI Common Stock shares will be issued pursuant to Rule 144A meaning that the shares cannot be traded or otherwise exchanged for a minimum period of six months from issue date.

A summary of option activity for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are presented below.

Date
 
Number of Options Qualified*
   
Number of Options Nonqualified
   
Weighted Average Exercise Price
   
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
   
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 
Balance December 31, 2017
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Granted September 26, 2018
   
950,000
     
3,995,000
   
$
0.38
   
5 years
         
Exercised
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Expired
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Balance December 31, 2018
   
950,000
     
3,995,000
   
$
0.38
   
5 years
         
* There is one stock owner over 10% currently holding 500,000 qualified options.  The exercise price for this option-holder would be $0.418 with an exercise period of 5 years and a vesting period of 4 years at 25% per year.

The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value the option awards with the following assumptions applied:  (1) Volatility – 276%; (2) Term – 5 years was chosen although the full option term is 10 years to be more commensurate with the 5-year vesting portion of the plan; (3) Discount – 2.96%

As of December 31, 2018, there is $1,775, 222 in unrecognized option expense that will be recognized over the next 4.75 years.

Directors, officers and consultants did not exercise any options in 2018 or 2017.

On April 15, 2018, the Company issued a warrant to a consultant for the purchase of 452,617 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.27 per share.  The warrant is exercisable through April 14, 2020.  The warrant was valued at $75,967 and will be expensed over twenty-four months. The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value the warrants with the following assumptions applied:  (1) Volatility – 207%; (2) Term – 2 years (3) Discount Rate – 2.39%.

No warrants were exercised in 2018 or 2017.

Insurance
As of December 31, 2018, the Company has an outstanding balance of $4,160 for a financing agreement for the periodic payment of Directors & Officers Liability Insurance premium for 2018 – 2019.  The terms of the agreement are as follows:  Payee – Bank Direct Capital Finance; Effective Date – June 1, 2018; Total Premiums - $49,500; Cash Down Payment - $13,125 (Insurica Insurance Management Network/Amarillo); Amount Financed - $36,375; Annual Percentage Rate – 7.00%; Finance Charge - $1,069; Total Payments - $37,444; Periodic Payment - $4,160; Number of Payments – 11 (eleven); First Payment June 1, 2018.
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Convertible Notes Payable and Other Related Party Transactions

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the amount of convertible debt of the Company’s balance sheet was $513,356 and $886,481, respectively.  This amount consisted of the following convertible promissory notes payable to Dr. Stephen T. Chen, Chairman, CEO, and President, as shown in the table below.

   
December 31, 2018
   
December 31, 2017
 
Convertible Note payable – related party
 
$
144,426
   
$
144,426
 
Convertible Note payable – related party
   
262,500
     
262,500
 
Convertible Note payable – related party
   
106,430
     
384,555
 
Convertible Note payable – related party
   
-
     
70,000
 
Convertible Note payable – related party
   
-
     
25,000
 
Convertible Notes payable – related party
 
$
513,356
   
$
886,481
 

On January 8, 2018, Dr. Chen demanded repayment in full of the $25,000 convertible promissory note.  He was paid the principal of the note, $25,000, and accrued interest in the amount of $84.

On March 8, 2018, Dr. Chen demanded repayment in full of the $70,000 convertible promissory note.  He was paid the principal of the note, $70,000, and accrued interest in the amount of $474.

On March 9, 2018, Dr. Chen demanded a partial repayment of the convertible promissory note for $384,555.  He demanded payment in the amount of $100,000 and was paid that amount of principal of the note, $100,000, and accrued interest in the amount of $3,260.

On April 1, 2018, Dr. Chen executed and presented a Promissory Note Conversion Notice exercising his option to convert $178,125 principal amount of the Note bearing a balance of $284,555 into ABI Common Stock shares in accordance with the terms of the Note.  On April 2, 2018 and April 6, 2018, 550,000 shares and 400,000 shares, respectively, were issued pursuant to Dr. Chen’s instructions.  The shares were issued at $0.1875 per share, the Conversion Price stated in the Note.  After the conversion, the new balance of the Note was $106,430.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has the following Convertible Notes Payable outstanding to Dr. Stephen T. Chen, Chairman, CEO, and President.

Note #.
Date
Payee
Principal Amount
Maturity
Annual Interest AFR 1
Conversion Price
1
1/11/2016
Stephen T. Chen
$144,426.00
On Demand
0.75%
$0.1680
2
3/18/2016
Stephen T. Chen
$262,500.00
On Demand
0.65%
$0.1875
3
6/30/2016
Stephen T. Chen
$106,430.00
On Demand
0.64%
$0.1875
Total Convertible Notes Payable
$513,356.00
     

All of the Notes are unsecured. The Notes are convertible into ABI Common Voting Shares which are issued as restricted stock pursuant to SEC Rule 144.  The shares must be held for a minimum of six (6) months before they can be sold or otherwise traded.  Other restrictions might apply.



1 Short Term Applicable Federal Rate
11


Other Related Party Transactions

On February 2, 2018, 1,000,000 shares were issued at $0.1875 per share to Dr. Stephen T. Chen, Chairman, CEO, and President, in exchange for $187,500 of operating funds previously advanced to the Company during the period from March 18, 2016, through April 7, 2016.

On March 27, 2018, effective as of January 1, 2018, the Board of Directors approved a resolution whereby Dr. Chen's annual compensation was changed to $240,000 cash per annum and $100,000 per annum payable in the Company's unregistered, voting common stock.  The Board also approved a change in compensation to Bernard Cohen to $70,000 cash per annum and $12,000 per annum payable in the Company's unregistered, voting common stock. The cash compensation is to be paid on the normal payroll cycle of 15th and 31st of each month and stock compensation to be paid quarterly.  Shares are to be priced at the average of all trading day closing quotes on the OTC-BB for the month preceding date of issuance, with such shares to be issued on the first business day after the close of each calendar quarter or as soon thereafter as practicable. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company has issued an aggregate of 86,698 shares of common stock valued at $21,250 as payment for the fourth quarter 2017 accrual, and 364,782 of common stock valued at $95,000 for the first, second and third quarters of 2018.

Between May 23, 2016, and June 30, 2018, Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. (“ABI”), as principal, conducted operations in Taiwan and other Asian markets through an Agency and Service Agreement with ACTS Global Healthcare, Inc. (“ACTS Global”), a Taiwan R.O.C. corporation.  ABI advanced funds to ACTS Global to be utilized and/or expended by ACTS Global solely as instructed by ABI.  Additional advances were made by ABI to ACTS Global as necessary.  For its agent services, ACTS Global was paid by ABI, one percent (1%) of the services expended on behalf of ABI. Any other services rendered by the agent were paid for by the principal based on comparable and/or reasonable values of the service rendered.

On June 18, 2018, the ABI Board of Directors unanimously approved a resolution to acquire the assets of ACTS Global for the purpose of establishing an ABI representative branch office in Taiwan.  This branch office was subsequently registered as Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. (Taiwan Branch) ( 美商康華全球生技股份有限公司   台灣分公司 ) (“ABI Taiwan”) and serves as the operational hub for present and future ABI business activities conducted in Asian markets.

Effective July 1, 2018, pursuant to an agreement executed June 20, 2018, the Company acquired all the voting interests of ACTS Global in exchange for 539,447 shares of ABI Restricted Common Voting Stock.  As of July 12, 2018, a total of 539,447 ABI Restricted Common voting shares were issued and distributed to the shareholders of ACTS Global as follows:

Shareholder/Recipient
Issue Date
Number of Shares
Seu Chi Kuo
July 12, 2018
179,852
Po Ya Tseng
July 12, 2018
179,852
Yasushi Chikagami
July 12, 2018
53,891
Stephen/Virginia Chen Living Trust
July 12, 2018
125,852
Total
539,447

On July 12, 2018, Dr. Stephen T. Chen, Chairman, CEO, and President of ABI and CEO of ACTS Global, received 125,852 ABI Restricted Common voting shares as remuneration for his ownership, stockholder interest in ACTS Global pursuant to the purchase of ACTS Global assets by ABI.  Dr. Chen is a related party by virtue of his position as shareholder and CEO of both ACTS Global and ABI.
12


ITEM 6.   SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
This item is not applicable to smaller reporting companies.
ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OR PLAN OF OPERATION:
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes thereto which appear elsewhere in this report.  The results shown herein are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in any future periods.  This discussion contains forward-looking statements based on current expectations, which involve uncertainties.  Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors.  Readers should also carefully review factors set forth in other reports or documents that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Overview . ABI has been (and is) engaged in the business of biopharmaceutical research and development.  Its primary focus historically has been the development of low-dose, orally administered interferon. ABI holds or licenses various patents; it also is the developer of Maxisal ® , a dietary supplement to treat dry-mouth symptoms.

The Company’s goal is to expand the reach of its research, development, and marketing of biopharmaceutical, biotechnical, health and life science related products and services. ABI will continue to leverage its core technology going forward by using its thirty years of scientific and clinical data to establish interferon-alpha lozenges as a therapeutic agent for conditions such as influenza, hepatitis C, and various causes of thrombocytopenia just to name a few.  The Company is committed to expanding its business operations to encompass a wide variety of licensing, partnerships, and development opportunities in the aforementioned sectors. This commitment extends not only to the U.S., but to Greater China and other Asian countries.

Company Management and Employees. On December 31, 2018, ABI had six employees, five directors, and three consultants.  Presently, ABI has six employees, five directors, and three consultants. The employees include the following persons:


Stephen T. Chen:
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), President and Chief Operating Officer (COO). Dr. Chen was named Chairman of the Board in February 2012, and he has been a director of the Company since February 1996. He currently executes the management functions as not only Chairman, but as CEO, President, and COO. He has been President and Chief Executive Officer of STC International, Inc., a health care investment firm, since May 1992. Dr. Chen has over thirty years of international business experience, including an extensive background in pharmaceutical product acquisition and licensing, development of joint venture agreements, execution of business strategy, and leadership of start-up companies in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and nutraceutical industries. Dr. Chen has held executive positions in R&D and business development at several major pharmaceutical companies, including Burroughs Wellcome (presently GlaxoSmithKline), Miles Pharmaceuticals (presently Bayer), ICI America (presently AstraZeneca), and Ciba-Geigy (presently Novartis). He received a Ph.D. in Industrial & Physical Pharmacy from Purdue University in 1977.

Bernard Cohen:
Chief Financial Officer (CFO).  Mr. Cohen holds BBA and MPA degrees from West Texas A&M University. He is a long time Amarillo resident with over thirty years of management experience. Mr. Cohen has been with  ABI since  October 2009. Mr. Cohen works  with Ms. Shelton  and provides reporting necessary for ABI’s various SEC filings, and he also provides ordinary-course internal bookkeeping and accounting services.
13



Chrystal Shelton:
Office Manager & Administration.  Ms. Shelton has been with ABI since 1987. In addition to handling routine office administration, Ms. Shelton is familiar with the form and format of SEC filings and is an integral part of the reporting process. She interacts with outside professionals who assist ABI in its various compliance measures.

Edward L. Morris:
JD, Secretary and General Counsel. Mr. Morris practiced law in Amarillo, Texas, prior to his retirement from full time practice in 2011. His practice included substantial time devoted to corporate and securities law, including services for ABI. Mr. Morris was graduated from Yale College before obtaining his law degree from Harvard Law School.

Celee Spidel:
Senior Medical Science Liaison. Dr. Spidel holds a B.S. in Sports Medicine from Pepperdine University and earned a Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences with doctoral dissertation in Cancer Biology from Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. Dr. Spidel serves as research analyst and scientific advisor for ABI.

Maggie Wang:
Director of Business Development.  Ms. Wang has an extensive background in business development and marketing of consumer products in Asian countries. Ms. Wang also acts as the branch manager for ABI Taiwan .

Directors.  The board of directors of ABI consists of the following persons: Stephen T. Chen, Ph.D., Yasushi Chikagami, Daniel Fisher, Nicholas Moren, and Edward L. Morris.

Consultants.  From time to time, ABI engages consultants as needed for specific areas of responsibility.  Presently, the Company has engaged the following consultants:  Dr. Yung-Hsiang Hung, Director-Medical Division; Dr. Ching-Yuan Lee, Director-Pharmaceutical Division; and Mr. Lawrence Lin, Executive Advisor.

Assets, Liquidity, and Capital.  ABI holds various patents and related intellectual property, which are described earlier in this document.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had available cash of $1,276,654 compared to a cash position of $2,038,150 on December 31, 2017. The Company had working capital of $569,613 at the end of fiscal year 2018, whereas in 2017, working capital was $261,412. The burn rate in 2018 was approximately between $65,000 and $75,000 per month.  The Company continued to develop and establish new revenue streams to eventually maintain a profitable going concern. Two major areas of focus are to (1) leverage ABI’s core technology, low-dose oral interferon, and (2) develop business lines to extend the Company’s reach into biotech, bio-pharmaceutical, health care products and life sciences businesses. ABI aggressively seeks to monetize its existing and any newly developed intellectual property. ABI estimates its short-term project development financing needs to be between $3,000,000 and $5,000,000 depending upon project negotiated terms and structuring yet to be determined.

Pending Litigation
To the best of management’s knowledge, the Company does not believe that there is any pending litigation against ABI.
14


Comparison of results for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

Revenues . Revenue for 2018 was $77,724 resulting primarily from the sale of liposomal nutraceuticals as compared to that in 2017 which was $250,928 for the sale of metabolic treatment equipment to one customer.  Gross profit for 2018 was $12,847 compared to $190,612 in 2017.  The cost of revenues for 2018 was $64,877 as compared to $60,316 for 2017, an increase of $4,561 or approximately 7.6%.

Selling , General and Administrative Expenses . Selling, General and Administrative expenses increased from $770,375 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 to $1,314,932 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $544,557 or approximately 70.7%.  Much of the increase was attributable to salaries, compensation related restricted stock grants and professional fees.

Research and Development Expenses.   Research and development expenses incurred for the fiscal year ended 2018 was $32,591. There were no research and development expenses incurred for fiscal year 2017.

Net Loss .  Net loss for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 was $1,338,639 compared to net loss of $617,375 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, a difference of $721,264 (117%).

ITEM 7A.                       QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Not applicable to a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of SEC Regulation.

ITEM 8.   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

The financial statements of the Company are set forth beginning on page F-1 immediately following the signature page of this report.

ITEM 9.   CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

None.

ITEM 9A.                          CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

At the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended  December 31, 2018 an evaluation was carried out under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operations of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, the CEO and the CFO have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective in ensuring that: (i) information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit to the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable rules and forms and (ii) material information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow for accurate and timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
15


Changes to Internal Controls and Procedures over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the annual period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Remediation Plans

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Management has assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework . A material weakness, as defined by SEC rules, is a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting that were identified are:

a) We did not maintain sufficient personnel with an appropriate level of technical accounting knowledge, experience, and training in the application of GAAP commensurate with our complexity and our financial accounting and reporting requirements. We have limited experience in the areas of financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Also, we do not have an independent audit committee. As a result, there is a lack of monitoring of the financial reporting process and there is a reasonable possibility that material misstatements of the financial statements, including disclosures, will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis; and

b) Due to our small size, we do not have a proper segregation of duties in certain areas of our financial reporting process. The areas where we have a lack of segregation of duties include cash receipts and disbursements, approval of purchases and approval of accounts payable invoices for payment. This control deficiency, which is pervasive in nature, results in a reasonable possibility that material misstatements of the financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

As a result of the existence of these material weaknesses as of December 31, 2018, management has concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting.  Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the SEC that permit the company to provide only management's report in this annual report.

Changes to Internal Controls and Procedures over Financial Reporting

We intend that our internal control over financial reporting will be modified during our most recent year by adding additional advisors to address deficiencies in the financial closing, review and analysis process, which will improve our internal control over financial reporting.

16


Management’s Remediation Plans

We will look to increase our personnel resources and technical accounting expertise within the accounting function as funds become available. Management believes that hiring additional knowledgeable personnel with technical accounting expertise will remedy the following material weakness: insufficient personnel with an appropriate level of technical accounting knowledge, experience, and training in the application of GAAP commensurate with our complexity and our financial accounting and reporting requirements.

PART III

ITEM 10.   DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

As of December 31, 2018, the directors and executive officers of the Company were as follows:

 
Name
 
Age
 
Position
Stephen Chen, Ph.D.
69
 
Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer President, Chief Finance Officer, Chief Operating Officer and Director
Bernard Cohen  
65
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yasushi Chikagami  
79
Director
Daniel Fisher……………………………
74
Director
Nicholas Moren…………………………
72
Director
Edward L. Morris
73
Corporate Secretary, General Counsel, and Director

Stephen Chen was named Chairman of the Board in February 2012 and has been a director of the Company since February 1996. He has been President and Chief Executive Officer of STC International, Inc., a health care investment firm, since May 1992. Dr. Chen has over thirty years of international business experience, including an extensive background in pharmaceutical product acquisition and licensing, development of joint venture agreements, execution of business strategy, and leadership of start-up companies in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and nutraceutical industries. Dr. Chen has held executive positions in R&D and business development at several major pharmaceutical companies, including Burroughs Wellcome (presently GlaxoSmithKline), Miles Pharmaceuticals (presently Bayer), ICI America (presently AstraZeneca), and Ciba-Geigy (presently Novartis). He received a Ph.D. in Industrial & Physical Pharmacy from Purdue University in 1977.

Bernard Cohen was hired to be a Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company on October 1, 2009.  Mr. Cohen has been Director of Finance and Data Base Manager at the Harrington Regional Medical Center, Inc. (HRMCI), which is the management and development entity for the Harrington Regional Medical Center in Amarillo, Texas.  Previously, he held various executive positions at Colbert’s of Amarillo, a department store.  His positions included:  Chief Executive Officer, Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Controller.  He has previously been a member of the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at Amarillo (TTUHSC) Institutional Review Board (IRB) where he reviewed clinical trial protocols to monitor the safety and protection of human research and testing subjects.  Neither HRMCI nor TTUHSC has any connection whatsoever with the Company.
17


Yasushi Chikagami was added to the board of directors in June 2012. Mr. Chikagami holds a B.S. Degree in Agricultural Engineering from National Taiwan University, and an M.S. Degree in Engineering from the University of Tokyo. Mr. Chikagami has principally been engaged in the technology industry during his business career, continues to serve on several boards, and is currently serving as Chairman for Arise Corporation (Taiwan), Good TV Broadcasting Corporation (Taiwan), and ZMOS Technology, Inc. (US).

Daniel Fisher was added to the board of directors in July 2015. Mr. Fisher is the co-founder, and President of Nano BioMed, Locust Valley, New York. The base technologies are licensed from The Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The licensed technologies are a drug delivery system for the delivery of nitric oxide. In addition, the company has licensed a magnetic nano drug targeting technology. Mr. Fisher negotiated the license from Einstein, closed the company’s first sublicenses, arranged for investment financing, and developed the business plan. Mr. Fisher, co-founder of BioZone Laboratories, Inc., served as its President for 22 years. Based near San Francisco, California, BioZone specializes in research, development and manufacturing of products utilizing its drug delivery technologies. He was awarded three patents for his work with liposomal drug delivery technology. In addition, Mr. Fisher was president of Equalan Pharma LLC, which marketed GlyDerm professional skincare products to dermatologists and direct marketing companies. Prior to forming BioZone in 1989, Mr. Fisher's experience base included more than twenty years in sales and marketing management positions for consumer and technical product companies, including Dun & Bradstreet, General Foods Corporation and Control Data Corporation. His memberships include being the founding secretary of the Foundation for Global Skin Health Strategies. He holds a B.S. in Marketing from San Francisco State University.
Nicholas Moren was added to the board of directors in July 2015. Mr. Moren is currently retired. Prior to that he was a senior financial executive with several major public companies, including Loral Space & Communications, Inc., Transworld Corporation and Trans World Airlines, Inc. He brings with him extensive understanding and knowledge of a wide range of businesses, and substantial financial expertise and insightful perspectives relating to economic, financial and business conditions acquired during more than 20 years of serving as a senior executive. He received a B.A. in Engineering from Brown University and a M.B.A. from Wharton Graduate Division, University of Pennsylvania.

Edward L. Morris   JD , was appointed to the board of directors in June 2015. Secretary and General Counsel.  Mr. Morris practiced law in Amarillo, Texas, prior to his retirement from full time practice in 2011. His practice included substantial time devoted to corporate and securities law, including services for ABI. Mr. Morris was graduated from Yale College before obtaining his law degree from Harvard Law School.

The Company’s directors are elected at the annual meeting of shareholders to hold office until the annual meeting of shareholders for the ensuing year or until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. Directors receive compensation of $1,000 per day for attendance at meetings, $250 per day for regularly scheduled teleconference meetings, and are reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses in connection with their attendance at meetings.

Officers are elected annually by the Board of Directors and serve at the discretion of the Board.

Audit Committee

The Bylaws provided for the appointment of members to the Board of Directors when and as necessary.  As the Company progresses and achieves operational goals as well as the addition of revenue producing businesses, it is anticipated that the Audit Committee will resume its function.  While there have been no changes in internal controls, the Company continually reviews all existing internal controls.  From time to time, the Company may engage an independent internal control auditor who consults with the Company on its existing internal controls and possible changes or augmentations to those controls.
18


Code of Ethics
The Company’s Code of Ethics may be found on the Company’s website, www.amarbio.com .

Compliance with Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) requires directors and officers of the Company and persons who own more than 10 percent of the Company’s common stock to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of the common stock. Directors, officers and more than 10% shareholders are required by the Exchange Act to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

To the Company’s knowledge based solely on a review of the copies of such reports furnished to the Company, the following persons have failed to file, on a timely basis, the identified reports required by the Exchange Act during the most recent fiscal year:
Name and Principal Position
Number of Late Reports
Known Failures to File a Required Form
Dr. Stephen T. Chen, Chairman of the Board, President, and Chief Executive Officer
0
0
Bernard Cohen, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
0
0
Yasushi Chikagami, Director
0
0
Daniel Fisher, Director
0
0
Nicholas Moren, Director
0
0
Edward L. Morris, Director
 0  0

ITEM 11.                        EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

On March 31, 2018, the Board of Directors voted to restructure the compensation packages of Dr. Chen and Mr. Cohen, effective as of January 1, 2018.
The following table sets forth for the three years ended December 31, 2018, compensation paid by the Company to its Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer; and to its Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

Summary Compensation Table
       
Annual Compensation
Long Term Compensation
Name and Principal Position
 
Year
 
Salary
 
Bonus
 
       Other Compensation
 
Securities Underlying Options
Dr. Stephen T. Chen,Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
 
2018
 
$  240,000
 
$           -
 
$100,000
 
-
   
2017
 
$    86,250
 
$ 93,750
 
$            -
 
-
   
2016
 
$    40,000
 
$ 60,500
 
$            -
 
-
19

Mr. Bernard Cohen, Vice President and Chief  Financial Officer
 
2018
 
$    70,000
 
                         $           -
 
$ 12,000
 
-
   
2017
 
$    62,292
 
$ 12,500
 
$           -
 
-
   
2016
 
$    40,000
 
$ 17,500
 
$           -
 
-

Option Grants in 2018
On September 26, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Employee Stock Option Plan (the “2018-ESOP”).  The 2018-ESOP provides for the grant of Qualified Incentive Stock Options to the Company’s employees.

On September 26, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Officers, Directors, Employees, and Consultants Nonqualified Stock Option Plan (the “2018-NQSOP”).  The 2018-NQSOP provides for the grant of Nonqualified Incentive Stock Options to the Company’s employees.

Both of these stock option plans are explained in detail in the Stock Options and Warrants section and in the Financial Statements footnotes section under Stock Option and Stock Plans .

Director Compensation for Last Fiscal Year
Directors receive $1,000 compensation for attendance at directors’ meetings and $250 for regularly scheduled teleconference meetings. There were no regularly scheduled meetings during 2018.

ITEM 12.                        SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

As of December 31, 2018, there were 39,117,524 shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding. The following table sets forth as of December 31, 2018, the beneficial ownership of each person who owns more than 5% of such outstanding common stock:

Name and Address
Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership
Percent of Class Owned (1)
Stephen T Chen & Virginia M Chen TTEES
Stephen T & Virginia M Chen Living Trust DTD 04/12/2018
19 Pine Plain Road
Wellesley Hills MA 02481
9,417,665
22.21%
Hung Lan Lee
FL 20 NO 19 Lane 8, SEC 5 RD XIN-YI
Taipei 110 (R.O.C.) Taiwan
4,000,000
9.43%
20


ANXON International Inc.
9F -3 NO 32 SEC 1, Chenggong RD
Taipei City 115 Nangang Dist., 00115 Taiwan ROC
2,459,153
  5.80%

(1) Applicable percentage ownership is based on 42,397,447 shares of common stock (outstanding, 39,117,524, reserved for warrant conversion, 452,617, and note conversions, 2,827,306) as of December 31, 2018, plus any additional shares that the stockholder is deemed to beneficially own, such as vested options.  (There are currently no vested options.) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Shares of common stock that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2018, are deemed to be beneficially owned by the person holding such securities for the purpose of computing the percentage of ownership of such person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.

The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of the Company’s stock as of December 31, 2018 by each executive officer and director and by all executive officers and directors as a group:

Name and Address of Owner
 
Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership
 
Percent of Class Owned 1
Stephen T. Chen
31 Service Drive
Wellesley, MA 02482
 
9,417,665 2
 
22.21%
Bernard Cohen
2803 S. Travis St.
Amarillo, TX 79109
 
94,074
 
0.22%
Yasushi Chikagami
9F, No. 29, Ln. 107, Sec. 2
Heping E. Rod., Da’an Dist.
Taipei City 106, Taiwan (ROC)
 
2,459,153
 
5.80%
Daniel Fisher
36 Marlee Road
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
 
-
 
-
Nicholas Moren
PO Box 6873
Incline Village, NV 89450
 
-
 
-
Edward L. Morris
3501Cindarella Lane
Amarillo, TX 79121
 
105,758
 
0.25%
Total Group (all directors and executive officers – 6 persons)
 
12,076,650 3
 
28.48%

(1) Applicable percentage ownership is based on 42,397,447 shares of common stock (outstanding, 39,117,524, reserved for warrant conversion, 452,617, and note conversions, 2,827,306) as of December 31, 2018, plus any additional shares that the stockholder is deemed to beneficially own, such as vested options. (There are currently no vested options.) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Shares of common stock that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2018,  are  deemed to be  beneficially owned by the person  holding such  securities for the
21


purpose of computing the percentage of ownership of such person, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person
(2)  Includes 5,424,086 shares owned by Dr. Chen through the Stephen T Chen & Virginia M Chen TTEES, Stephen T & Virginia M Chen Living Trust, DTD 04/12/2018; 683,801 shares owned by STC International, Inc., of which Dr. Chen is the majority owner and serves as Chairman, President and a Board member. Also includes 39,473 shares owned by ACTS Biosciences, Inc., of which Dr. Chen serves as Chairman and a Board member; 488,000 shares owned by Virginia M. Chen IRA, Dr. Chen’s spouse; and 2,827,305 shares of common stock reserved for note conversions beneficially owned by Dr. Chen exercisable within 60 days. Dr. Chen was awarded 950,000 Qualified Incentive Stock Options and 3,995,000 Nonqualified Incentive Stock Options on September 26, 2018, through the Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Employee Stock Option Plan and the Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Officers, Directors, Employees, and Consultants Nonqualified Stock Option Plan, respectively. These options are not counted in his beneficial ownership since they have not yet begun to vest.  When vesting begins, the vested options will be counted as beneficial ownership.
(3)  Directors and officers percentage ownership is calculated based on 42,397,447 total shares (outstanding and reserved for note conversions) plus beneficial ownership.

ITEM 13.   CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS.

Historically, ABI has relied upon certain relationships which gave rise to related transactions. These relationships have helped ABI with financing, ingredients to potential products, research, and technology.  All future transactions and loans between the Company and its officers, directors and 5% shareholders will be on terms no less favorable to the Company than could be obtained from independent third parties. There can be no assurance, however, that future transactions or arrangements between the Company and its affiliates will be advantageous, that conflicts of interest will not arise with respect thereto or that if conflicts do arise, that they will be resolved in favor of the Company.

Currently there are no such arrangements that have not already been disclosed in this document.

ITEM 14.   PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.

The following summarizes the fees incurred by the Company during 2018 and 2017 for accountant and related services.

Audit Fees
   
2018
   
2017
 
LBB & Associates Ltd., LLP
 
$
42,250
   
$
32,250
 

All Other Fees
None.

Accountant Approval Policy
Before an accountant is engaged by the Company to perform audit or non-audit services, the accountant must be approved by the Company’s Audit Committee or the Executive Committee in the absence of an Audit Committee.
22



PART IV
ITEM 15.   EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
EXHIBIT INDEX

3(i)
 
Restated Certificate of Formation of the Company, dated and filed July 27, 2015.
3(ii)
 
Bylaws of the Company, as amended July 10, 2015.
4.1*
 
Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
4.2*
 
Form of Underwriter's Warrant.
      10.1 (11)
 
2008 Stock Incentive Plan dated May 20, 2008.
10.2*
 
License Agreement dated as of March 22, 1988 between the Company and The Texas A&M University System.
10.30***
 
Amendment No. 1 dated September 28, 1998 to License Agreement of March 22, 1988 between The Texas A&M University System and the Company.
10.71**
 
License and Supply Agreement dated January 7, 2010, between the Company and Intas Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.
10.72 ***
 
 10.73***  
 10.74***  
 10.75***  
     
99.1   906 Certification
*The Exhibit is incorporated by reference to the exhibit of the same number to the Company's Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed with and declared effective by the Commission (File No. 333-4413) on August 8, 1996.
**The Exhibit is incorporated by reference to the Company's 1998 Annual Report on Form 10-KSB filed with the Commission on or before March 31, 1999.
(11) The Exhibit is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Report on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on May 22, 2008.
***Incorporated as required by: Item 601, Regulation S-K, Each compensatory Plan required to be filed as an Exhibit per Item 15(b) of Form 10K..
23




SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
   AMARILLO BIOSCIENCES, INC.

Date:   April 16, 2019
    By: /s/ Stephen Chen
Stephen Chen, Chairman of the Board,
and Chief Executive Officer
 
Date:   April 16, 2019
    By: /s/ Stephen Chen
Stephen Chen, Chief Financial Officer
   



Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 
Signature
 
 
 
Title
 
Date
/s/ Stephen Chen
Chairman of the Board,
Director and
Chief Executive Officer
April 16, 2019
Stephen Chen
 
   
/s/ Yasushi Chikagami
 
 
Director
April 16, 2019
Yasushi Chikagami
   
/s/ Daniel Fisher
 
 
Director
April 16, 2019
Daniel Fisher
   
/s/ Nicholas Moren
 
 
Director
April 16, 2019
Nicholas Moren
   
/s/ Edward L. Morris
 
 
Director
    April 16, 2019
Edward L. Morris
   
24


Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statements

Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017


 
Contents
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm  
F-2
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets  
F-3
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations  
F-4
 
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity  
F-5
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows  
F-6
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
F-7

 
F-1

LBB & ASSOCIATES LTD., LLP
7600 W. Tidwell, Suite 501
Houston, TX 77040
Phone: (713) 800-4343 Fax: (713) 456-2408

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes  (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company’s absence of significant revenues, recurring losses from operations, and its need for additional financing in order to fund its projected loss in 2018 raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. These 2018 financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

/s/LBB & Associates Ltd., LLP
   
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2006.
   
Houston, Texas
   
April 16, 2019
 
   


F-2

Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets

   
December 31,
2018
   
December 31,
2017
 
Assets
           
Current assets:
           
   Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
1,276,654
   
$
2,038,150
 
   Inventory
   
-
     
22,666
 
   Prepaid expense and other current assets
   
26,580
     
23,635
 
Total current assets
   
1,303,234
     
2,084,451
 
Patents, net
   
146,456
     
182,386
 
Property and equipment, net
   
14,010
     
26,997
 
Total assets
 
$
1,463,700
   
$
2,293,834
 
                 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
               
Current liabilities:
               
   Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
$
115,313
   
$
159,300
 
   Advances from investors
   
104,952
     
777,258
 
   Convertible notes payable – related party
   
513,356
     
886,481
 
Total current liabilities
   
733,621
     
1,823,039
 
Total liabilities
   
733,621
     
1,823,039
 
                 
Commitments and contingencies
               
                 
Stockholders’ equity
               
   Preferred stock, $0.01 par value:
               
     Authorized shares – 10,000,000,
               
Issued and outstanding shares – 0 at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
   
-
     
-
 
   Common stock, $0.01 par value:
               
     Authorized shares – 100,000,000,
               
Issued and outstanding shares –39,117,524 and 23,156,563 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively
   
391,175
     
231,565
 
   Additional paid-in capital
   
3,527,238
     
2,123,205
 
   Accumulated deficit
   
(3,188,334
)
   
(1,883,975
)
Total stockholders’ equity
   
730,079
     
470,795
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
1,463,700
   
$
2,293,834
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-3



Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
       
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2018
   
2017
 
Revenues
 
$
77,724
   
$
250,928
 
Cost of revenues
   
(64,877
)
   
(60,316
)
Gross margin
   
12,847
     
190,612
 
                 
Operating expenses:
               
  Research and development expenses
   
32,591
     
-
 
  Selling, general and administrative expenses
   
1,314,932
     
770,375
 
     Total operating expenses
   
1,347,523
     
770,375
 
                 
Operating loss
   
(1,334,676
)
   
(579,763
)
                 
Other income (expense):
               
  Interest expense
   
(3,963
)
   
(37,612
)
Net loss
 
$
(1,338,639
)
 
$
(617,375
)
                 
Basic and diluted net loss per average share available to common shareholders
 
$
(0.04
)
 
$
(0.03
)
                 
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted
   
35,643,804
     
22,663,476
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-4

Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

   
Preferred Stock
   
Common Stock
   
Additional Paid
   
Accumulated
   
Total Stockholders’
 
 
 
Shares
   
Amount
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
in Capital
   
Deficit
   
Equity (Deficit)
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
   
-
   
$
-
     
21,916,143
   
$
219,161
   
$
237,540
   
$
(1,266,600
)
 
$
(809,899
)
Issuance of stock for cash in private placements
                   
770,000
     
7,700
     
136,657
     
-
     
144,357
 
Issuance of stock for service
   
-
     
-
     
57,000
     
570
     
10,118
     
-
     
10,688
 
Issuance of stock for compensation bonus
   
-
     
-
     
413,420
     
4,134
     
102,116
     
-
     
106,250
 
Conversion feature on Chen demand note
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
28,200
     
-
     
28,200
 
Stock subscription
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
1,608,574
     
-
     
1,608,574
 
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2017
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
(617,375
)
   
(617,375
)
Balance at December 31, 2017
   
-
   
$
-
     
23,156,563
   
$
231,565
   
$
2,123,205
   
$
(1,883,975
)
 
$
470,795
 
                                                         
Reversal of dividends on preferred stock
    -
      -
      -
      -
      -
     
34,280
     
34,280
 
Issuance of stock for compensation
     -       -
     
451,480
     
4,515
     
111,735
      -
     
116,250
 
Issuance of stock for subscription
     -        -      
8,579,061
     
85,791
     
(85,791
)
     -      
-
 
Issuance of common stock for cash
     -        -      
5,440,973
     
54,410
     
1,067,875
       -      
1,122,285
 
Issuance of stock for debt
     -        -      
950,000
     
9,500
     
168,625
       -      
178,125
 
Acquisition of voting interest of ACTS
     -        -      
539,447
     
5,394
     
13,458
       -      
18,852
 
Warrant expense
     -        -       -
       -      
27,765
       -      
27,765
 
Option expense
     -        -        -        -      
100,366
       -      
100,366
 
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2018
     -        -        -       -
             
(1,338,639
)
   
(1,338,639
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
     -     $
 -    
39,117,524
    $
391,175
    $
3,527,238
    $
(3,188,334
)
  $
730,079
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-5

Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

   
Year Ended December 31, 2018
   
Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
Cash flows from Operating Activities
           
Net loss
 
$
(1,338,639
)
 
$
(617,375
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
               
     Depreciation and amortization
   
56,194
     
39,990
 
     Stock issued for services
   
27,765
     
10,688
 
     Stock compensation
   
100,366
     
106,250
 
Amortization of debt discount
   
-
     
28,200
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
     Inventory
   
22,666
     
(7,966
)
Prepaid expense and other current assets
   
67,400
     
89,939
 
     Accounts payable and accrued expenses
   
54,844
     
(9,461
)
     Accrued interest – related party
   
206
     
-
 
     Customer deposits
   
-
     
(124,833
)
Net cash used in operating activities
   
(1,009,198
)
   
(484,568
)
Cash flows from Investing Activities
               
Investment in patents
   
(2,369
)
   
(49,096
)
Capital expenditures
   
(4,908
)
   
-
 
Net cash used in investing activities
   
(7,277
)
   
(49,096
)
Cash flows from Financing Activities
               
Cash received from stock subscription
   
-
     
1,421,074
 
     Proceeds from private placement offering, net
   
401,250
     
144,357
 
     Advances from investors
   
48,729
     
777,258
 
Proceeds from convertible note payable – related party
   
-
     
95,000
 
Repayment on convertible note payable – related party
   
(195,000
)
   
-
 
Net cash provided by financing activities
   
254,979
     
2,437,689
 
Net change in cash
   
(761,496
)
   
1,904,025
 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
   
2,038,150
     
134,125
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
 
$
1,276,654
   
$
2,038,150
 
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
               
  Cash paid for interest
 
$
3,818
   
$
29,318
 
  Cash paid for income taxes
 
$
-
   
$
-
 
Non-Cash Transactions
               
Stock issued for accrued liabilities
  $
116,250
    $
-
 
Stock issued for subscription
  $
85,791
    $
-
 
Conversion of debt to common stock
  $
178,125
    $
 -  
Reversal of accrued dividends
  $
34,280
    $
 -  
Stock issued for advances from investors
  $
721,035
    $
187,500
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-6

Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2018 and 2017

1.
Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization and Business

Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. (the "Company" or "ABI"), is a diversified healthcare company engaged in the discovery and development of pharmaceutical and biotech products.  ABI is a Texas corporation which was formed in 1984.

ABI primarily operates through three divisions:  Pharmaceutical, Medical and Consumer.  The Pharmaceutical division leverages our data library by applying the Company's experience in the use of low-dose oral interferon (IFN) for the treatment of neoplastic, viral, and fibrotic diseases. ABI seeks to engage in patent licensing and commercialization opportunities with global partners. The Medical division is focused on developing technology to treat metabolism related diseases such as Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in Asia, in addition to licensed distribution of surgical wound care products.  The Consumer division includes a range of nutraceutical and food supplement products that utilize a liposomal delivery system.  ABI currently has offices in the United States and Taiwan.  ABI operates in Taiwan under the name AMARILLO BIOSCIENCES, INC. TAIWAN BRANCH (美商康華全球生技股份有限公司 台灣分公司).

Principles of Consolidation

Effective January 1, 2018, ACTS Global Healthcare, Inc. (ACTS) was consolidated under the variable interest entities ("VIE") provisions of ASC 810, "Consolidation" ("ASC 810").  Effective July 1, 2018, the Company acquired 100% of the voting interests of ACTS.  The accounts of ACTS are included in the accounts of the Company from January 1, 2018. Inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
 
The Company applies the provisions of ASC 810 which provides a framework for identifying VIEs and determining when a company should include the assets, liabilities, non-controlling interests and results of activities of a VIE in its consolidated financial statements.

In general, a VIE is a corporation, partnership, limited-liability corporation, trust, or any other legal structure used to conduct activities or hold assets that either (1) has an insufficient amount of equity to carry out its principal activities without additional subordinated financial support, (2) has a group of equity owners that is unable to make significant decisions about its activities, (3) has a group of equity owners that does not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive returns generated by its operations or (4) the voting rights of some investors are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity, their rights to receive the expected residual returns of the entity, or both and substantially all of the entity's activities) either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor that has disproportionately fewer voting rights.
 

ASC 810 requires a VIE to be consolidated by the party with an ownership, contractual or other financial interest in the VIE (a variable interest holder) that has both of the following characteristics: a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and b) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. 
F-7


Going Concern

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP), on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The Company has not yet achieved operating income, and its operations are funded primarily from debt and equity financings. However, losses are anticipated in the ongoing development of its business and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to achieve or maintain profitability.

The continuing operations of the Company and the recoverability of the carrying value of assets is dependent upon the ability of the Company to obtain necessary financing to fund its working capital requirements, and upon future profitable operations. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments relative to the recoverability and classification of asset carrying amounts or the amount and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

There can be no assurance that capital will be available as necessary to meet the Company’s working capital requirements or, if the capital is available, that it will be on terms acceptable to the Company. The issuances of additional equity securities by the Company may result in dilution in the equity interests of its current stockholders. Obtaining commercial loans, assuming those loans would be available, will increase the Company’s liabilities and future cash commitments. If the Company is unable to obtain financing in the amounts and on terms deemed acceptable, the business and future success may be adversely affected and the Company may cease operations. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Under the Financial Account Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”), we are permitted to elect to measure financial instruments and certain other items at fair value, with the change in fair value recorded in earnings. We elected not to measure any eligible items using the fair value option. Consistent with Fair Value Measurement Topic of the FASB ASC, we implemented guidelines relating to the disclosure of our methodology for periodic measurement of our assets and liabilities recorded at fair market value.
F-8

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-tier fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements). These tiers include:
 

·
Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

·
Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

·
Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.
 
Our Level 1 assets and liabilities primarily include our cash and cash equivalents. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities. The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, prepaid expense, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, advances from investors, and notes payable approximate fair value due to the immediate or short-term maturities of these financial instruments.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is recorded in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation , for stock and stock options awarded in return for services rendered. The expense is measured at the grant-date fair value of the award and recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the service period, which is the vesting period. The Company estimates forfeitures that it expects will occur and records expense based upon the number of awards expected to vest.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company classifies investments as cash equivalents if the original maturity of an investment is three months or less.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance in August 2015, March 2016, April 2016, May 2016, and December 2016 within ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20, respectively. The core principle of this new revenue recognition guidance is that a company will recognize revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new guidance defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle. The new guidance also requires more detailed disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The new guidance provides for two transition methods, a full retrospective approach and a modified retrospective approach.
F-9


On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method with no impact to the opening retained earnings and determined there were no changes required to its reported revenues as a result of the adoption.  An analysis of contracts with customers under the new revenue recognition standard was consistent with the Company's current revenue recognition model, whereby revenue is recognized primarily on the date products are shipped to the customer.  The Company has enhanced its disclosures of revenue to comply with the new guidance.

Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC Topic 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with ASC Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition."

The Company's primary source of revenue is the sale of products within three business units: the Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Consumer Product Divisions.

The Medical division currently provides equipment to metabolism treatment centers in Taiwan and Hong Kong.  Additionally, this division provides TissueAid TM wound closure products to hospitals, clinics, and doctors' offices.  The Consumer Product division provides nutraceuticals and food supplements in Asian markets. Revenues are recognized for both these revenue streams when an agreement is in place, the price is fixed, title for product passes to the customer or services have been provided and collectability is reasonably assured, which is generally upon delivery to the customer. Revenues are recorded net of sales taxes.

The Pharmaceutical Division is currently seeking to leverage the Company's intellectual property and core technology, low-dose oral interferon, to expand treatment of the aforementioned neoplastic, viral, and fibrotic diseases as well as other potential indications.

Revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2018 was generated by the Consumer Product division and the Medical division. 50% of 2018 revenues were from one customer.  Revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2017 was generated by the sale of metabolic treatment equipment to one customer.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts to ensure trade and notes receivable are not overstated due to non-collectability.  The Company’s allowance is based on a variety of factors, including age of the receivable, significant one-time events, historical experience, and other risk considerations. The Company had no material accounts receivable and no allowance at December 31, 2018 or 2017.  $7,320 of uncollectible accounts receivables were written off in 2018.

Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company continually assesses the appropriateness of inventory valuations giving consideration to slow-moving, non-saleable, out-of-date or close-dated inventory.
F-10


Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated on the basis of historical cost less accumulated depreciation.  Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the two to seven year estimated useful lives of the assets.

Patents and Patent Expenditures

ABI holds patent license agreements and holds patents that are owned by the Company. All patent license agreements remain in effect over the life of the underlying patents. Accordingly, the patent license fee is being amortized over the estimated life of the patent using the straight-line method. Patent fees and legal fees associated with the issuance of new owned patents are capitalized and amortized over the estimated 15 to 20 year life of the patent.  The Company continually evaluates the amortization period and carrying basis of patents to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant a revised estimated useful life or impairment in value. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company wrote off patent costs with a net book value of approximately $16,000 related to patents that have been dropped.

Long-lived Assets

Impairment losses are recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets' carrying amount.  No impairment losses have been recorded since inception.

Income Taxes

The asset and liability approach is used to account for income taxes by recognizing deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.  During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company incurred $32,591 in expenses towards research activities associated with the development of its proprietary pulsatile infusion treatment.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share

As of December 31, 2018, potentially dilutive shares of 3,458,214 are not included in the calculation of fully diluted net loss per share as the effect with a net loss would be antidilutive.
F-11


Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash.  The Company has cash balances in a single financial institution which, from time to time, could exceed the federally insured limit of $250,000.  No loss has been incurred related to this concentration of cash.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 (ASU 2016-02), Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months, as well as the disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 requires recognition in the statement of operations of a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. ASU 2016-02 requires classification of all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Disclosures are required to provide the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures.

In June 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. ASU 2018-07 also clarifies that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt the provisions of ASU 2018-07 in the quarter beginning January 1, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2018-07 is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future consolidated financial statements.
F-12


2.   Property, Equipment and Software, net

Property, equipment and software are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and consist of the following at December 31, 2018 and 2017:
       
   
2018
   
2017
 
Furniture and equipment
 
$
92,988
   
$
92,988
 
Automobiles
   
4,911
     
-
 
Software     8,012
      8,012
     
105,911
     
101,000
 
Less:  accumulated depreciation
   
(91,901
)
   
(74,003
)
Property, equipment and software, net
 
$
14,010
   
$
26,997
 

Depreciation expense amounted to $17,895 for the year ended December 31, 2018 and $17,217 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

3.   Patents, net

Patents are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and consist of the following at December 31, 2018 and 2017:
       
   
2018
   
2017
 
Patents
 
$
228,669
   
$
338,324
 
Less: accumulated amortization
   
(82,213
)
   
(155,938
)
Patents, net
 
$
146,456
   
$
182,386
 

During the year ended December 31, 2018, $112,022 original cost of the patents, with associated accumulated amortization of $96,055 were written off due to its obsolete status. The residual book value of $15,967 was expensed as additional amortization expense.

Amortization expense amounted to $38,296 for the year ended December 31, 2018 and $22,773 December 31, 2017, respectively, and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

2019
   
11,582
 
2020
   
11,494
 
2021
   
9,838
 
2022
   
9,434
 
Thereafter
   
104,108
 
Total expense
 
$
146,456
 
         

4.   Convertible Notes Payable – Related Party

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the amount of convertible debt of the Company’s balance sheet was $513,356 and $886,481, respectively.  This amount consisted of the following convertible promissory notes payable to Dr. Stephen T. Chen, Chairman, CEO, and President, as shown in the table below.
F-13


   
December 31, 2018
   
December 31, 2017
 
Convertible Note payable – related party
 
$
144,426
   
$
144,426
 
Convertible Note payable – related party
   
262,500
     
262,500
 
Convertible Note payable – related party
   
106,430
     
384,555
 
Convertible Note payable – related party
   
-
     
70,000
 
Convertible Note payable – related party
   
-
     
25,000
 
Convertible Notes payable – related party
 
$
513,356
   
$
886,481
 

On January 8, 2018, Dr. Chen demanded repayment in full of the $25,000 convertible promissory note.  He was paid the principal of the note, $25,000, and accrued interest in the amount of $84.

On March 8, 2018, Dr. Chen demanded repayment in full of the $70,000 convertible promissory note.  He was paid the principal of the note, $70,000, and accrued interest in the amount of $474.

On March 9, 2018, Dr. Chen demanded a partial repayment of the convertible promissory note for $384,555.  He demanded payment in the amount of $100,000 and was paid that amount of principal of the note, $100,000, and accrued interest in the amount of $3,260.

On April 1, 2018, Dr. Chen executed and presented a Promissory Note Conversion Notice exercising his option to convert $178,125 principal amount of the Note bearing a balance of $284,555 into ABI Common Stock shares in accordance with the terms of the Note.  On April 2, 2018 and April 6, 2018, 550,000 shares and 400,000 shares, respectively, were issued pursuant to Dr. Chen’s instructions.  The shares were issued at $0.1875 per share, the Conversion Price stated in the Note.  After the conversion, the new balance of the Note was $106,430.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has the following Convertible Notes Payable outstanding to Dr. Stephen T. Chen, Chairman, CEO, and President.

Note #.
Date
Payee
Principal Amount
Maturity
Annual Interest AFR 2
Conversion Price
1
1/11/2016
Stephen T.Chen
   $144,426
On Demand
0.75%
$0.1680
2
3/18/2016
Stephen T. Chen
   $262,500
On Demand
0.65%
$0.1875
3
6/30/2016
Stephen T. Chen
   $106,430
On Demand
0.64%
$0.1875
Total Convertible Notes Payable
$513,356
     

All of the Notes are unsecured. The Notes are convertible into ABI Common Voting Shares which are issued as restricted stock pursuant to SEC Rule 144.  Other restrictions might apply.

5.  ACTS Global

On May 23, 2016, Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. ("ABI"), the Principal, entered into an Agency and Service Agreement with ACTS, a Taiwan Corporation, the Agent. From the beginning of the agreement,  ABI advanced funds to ACTS to be utilized and /or expended by ACTS solely as instructed by ABI.  Pursuant to the Agreement, additional advances may be made by ABI to ACTS.  ACTS was also engaged by ABI to perform such other business services as may be requested by ABI in the agreed



2 Short Term Applicable Federal Rate
F-14


geographic area of Taiwan and the People's Republic of China.  For their services, ACTS, was paid by ABI, one percent (1%) of the Principal's services expended by the Agent at the Principal's direction. Any other services rendered by the Agent were paid for by the Principal based on comparable and/or reasonable values of the service rendered.

Since the inception of the Agency Agreement in 2016, ACTS has neither performed services for any other clients nor contracted any other clients for future services.  Dr. Stephen T. Chen, ABI Chairman, CEO, and President, is also a stockholder in ACTS and has indicated that ACTS is working exclusively for ABI and that there was no desire on the part of ACTS to secure additional clients.  Because of the exclusivity of this Agency relationship and control by Dr. Chen, it was determined by management that ACTS was a VIE and that the Company was the primary beneficiary of ACTS because the Company, through Dr. Chen, had the power to direct the activities of ACTS that most significantly impact the activities of ACTS, and the obligation to absorb losses of ACTS that could potentially be significant to ACTS and the right to receive benefits from ACTS that could potentially be significant to ACTS' economic performance. As such, the assets, liabilities and non-controlling interest of ACTS were consolidated in the financial statements of the Company effective January 1, 2018 at their carrying values.  During 2017, the Company effectively consolidated ACTS through recording advances in a prepaid account and expensing operating costs as they were incurred.  The accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 has been restated to consolidate ACTS.  The only effect of the consolidation was a balance sheet reclassification of an advance from related party to cash of $58,135.

On June 18, 2018, the ABI Board of Directors unanimously approved a resolution to acquire the assets of ACTS, an ROC corporation which heretofore had been the Agent for ABI in Taiwan and other Asian markets.  Effective July 1, 2018, the Company acquired all of the voting interests of ACTS in exchange for 539,447 shares of ABI Restricted Common Voting Stock.   As of July 12, 2018, a total of 539,447 ABI Restricted Common voting shares were issued and distributed to the shareholders of ACTS Global as follows:

Shareholder/Recipient
Issue Date
Number of Shares
Seu Chi Kuo
July 12, 2018
179,852
Po Ya Tseng
July 12, 2018
179,852
Yasushi Chikagami
July 12, 2018
53,891
Stephen/Virginia Chen Living Trust
July 12, 2018
125,852
Total
539,447

6.   Related Party Transactions

On February 2, 2018, 1,000,000 shares were issued at $0.1875 per share to Dr. Stephen T. Chen, Chairman, CEO, and President, in exchange for $187,500 of operating funds previously advanced to the Company during the period from March 18, 2016, through April 7, 2016.

On March 27, 2018, effective as of January 1, 2018, the Board of Directors approved a resolution whereby Dr. Chen's annual compensation was changed to $240,000 cash per annum and $100,000 per annum payable in the Company's unregistered, voting common stock. The Board also approved a change in compensation to Bernard Cohen to $70,000 cash per annum and $12,000 per annum payable in the Company's unregistered, voting common stock. The cash compensation is to be paid on the normal payroll cycle of 15th and 31st of each month and stock compensation to be paid quarterly.  Shares are to be priced at the average of all trading day closing quotes on the OTC-BB for the month
F-15

preceding date of issuance, with such shares to be issued on the first business day after the close of each calendar quarter or as soon thereafter as practicable. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company has issued an aggregate of 86,698 shares of common stock valued at $21,250 as payment for the fourth quarter 2017 accrual and  364,782 of common stock valued at $95,000 for the first, second and third quarters of 2018.

On July 12, 2018, Dr. Stephen T. Chen, Chairman, CEO, and President of ABI and CEO of ACTS Global, received 125,852 ABI Restricted Common voting shares as remuneration for his ownership, stockholder interest in ACTS Global pursuant to the purchase of ACTS Global assets by ABI.  Dr. Chen is a related party by virtue of his position as shareholder and CEO of both ACTS Global and ABI.

7.   Common Stock

The Company has 100,000,000 shares of voting common shares authorized for issuance.  As of December 31, 2018 a total of 47,973,355 shares of common stock were either outstanding (39,117,524) or reserved for issuance upon quarterly distribution of the compensation stock grants, private placement investments, exercise of options and warrants or convertible debt (8,855,831).

On January 3, 2017, Stephen T. Chen, CEO, and Bernard Cohen, CFO/VP, received 145,405 shares of common stock and 19,387 shares of common stock, respectively, as payment of a 2016 stock bonus totaling $42,500.  The stock was issued at a price of $.2579 per share pursuant to the Board of Directors resolution of December 20, 2016. The shares are recognized as stock compensation expense for the period ended December 31, 2016.

During 2017, the Company issued 413,420 shares of common stock for compensation of $106,250.

During 2017, the Company sold 770,000 shares of common stock for proceeds of $144,357.  One of the investors was ABI Chairman, CEO, and President, Stephen T. Chen, Ph.D. purchasing 200,000 common shares at $.1875 per share for total proceeds of $37,500.

On August 1, 2017, 57,000 common shares were issued at of $.1875 per share representing payment of aggregate finders' fees in the amount of $10,688.

During 2017, the Company entered into a subscription agreements to sell 8,579,061 shares at $0.1875 per share in return for a total purchase price of $1,608,574.  These shares were issued during 2018.

During 2018, 3,740,973 shares of common stock were issued to investors for net proceeds of $721,035 which were received in 2017 and included in advances from investors in the 2017 balance sheet. 

During 2018, the Company issued 1,700,000 shares of common stock to investors for net proceeds of $401,250.

During 2018, the Company issued 451,480 shares of common stock for compensation of $116,250.

On April 1, 2018, Dr. Chen converted $178,125 of convertible notes payable for 950,000 common shares.  The stock was issued at a price of $.1875 per share as stated in the Note.
F-16


Effective July 1, 2018, the Company acquired all of the voting interests of ACTS in exchange for 539,447 shares of ABI Restricted Common Voting Stock.  

8.   Preferred Stock

The shareholders have authorized 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock shares for issuance.

No Preferred Equity was outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 and none is outstanding as of the date of this report.

9.   Stock Option and Stock Plans
On September 26, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Employee Stock Option Plan (the “2018-ESOP”) providing for the grant of Qualified Incentive Stock Options to Company employees. The maximum number of shares of Common Stock which may be issued under the 2018-ESOP is six million (6,000,000) common stock shares which will be reserved for issuance subject to options. The option price is $0.38 per share and the options are exercisable during a period of ten (10) years from the date of grant, where the options vest 20% annually over five (5) years, commencing one (1) year from date of grant.  If an option grantee owns or controls over ten percent (10%) of the outstanding stock, then pursuant to Section 424(d) of the Code, the option price becomes 110% of fair market value, $0.418; the term of exercise be five (5) years from ten (10); and the vesting period decreases from five (5) years to four (4) years.

On September 26, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Officers, Directors, Employees, and Consultants Nonqualified Stock Option Plan (the “2018-NQSOP”) providing for the grant of Nonqualified Incentive Stock Options to Company employees. The maximum number of shares of Common Stock which may be issued under the 2018-NQSOP is twenty million (20,000,000) common stock shares which will be reserved for issuance subject to options. The option price for the Nonqualified Options is $0.38 exercisable for a period of ten (10) years with a vesting period of five (5) years at 20% per year commencing one (1) year from date of grant.  There are no changes in terms or conditions for shareholders who own or control over ten percent (10%) of the outstanding stock.

Equity Compensation Plan Information:
Stock Plans 1
Issue Date Range
Total Shares Authorized
Shares Issued
Shares Remaining
2008 Stock Incentive Plan
5/23/08 – 10/11/11
600,000
463,420
136,580
Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Employee Stock Option Plan
9/26/18 – 9/26/28
6,000,000
950,000
5,050,000
Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Officers, Directors, Employees, and Consultants Nonqualified Stock Option Plan
9/26/18 – 9/26/28
20,000,000
3,995,000
16,005,000
1 The Board of Directors has approved all stock, stock option and stock warrant issuances.

Whether qualified or nonqualified, when options are exercised the ABI Common Stock shares will be issued pursuant to Rule 144A meaning that the shares cannot be traded or otherwise exchanged for a minimum period of six months from issue date.
F-17


A summary of option activity for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are presented below.

Date
Number of Options Qualified
Number of Options Nonqualified
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance December 31, 2017
-
-
-
-
-
Granted September 26, 2018*
*950,000
3,995,000
$0.38
5 years
 
Exercised
-
-
-
-
-
Expired
-
-
-
-
-
Balance December 31, 2018*
*950,000
3,995,000
$0.38
5 years
 
* There is one stock owner over 10% currently holding 500,000 qualified options.  The exercise price for this option-holder would be $0.418 with an exercise period of 5 years and a vesting period of 4 years at 25% per year.

The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value the option awards with the following assumptions applied:  (1) Volatility – 276%; (2) Term – 5 years was chosen although the full option term is 10 years to be more commensurate with the 5-year vesting portion of the plan; (3) Discount – 2.96%.  As of December 31, 2018, there is $1,775,222 in unrecognized option expense that will be recognized over the next 4.75 years.

10. Warrants

On April 15, 2018, the Company issued a warrant to a consultant for the purchase of 452,617 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.27 per share.  The warrant is exercisable through April 14, 2020.  The warrant was valued at $75,967 and will be expensed over twenty-four months. The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value the warrants with the following assumptions applied:  (1) Volatility – 207%; (2) Term – 2 years (3) Discount Rate – 2.39%.

No warrants were exercised in 2018 or 2017.

11. Income Taxes
Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to income from continuing operations differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. Federal income tax of 21% for 2018 and 34% for 2017 to pretax income from continuing operations as a result of the following:

   
December 31, 2018
   
December 31, 2017
 
Provision (benefit) at statutory rate
 
$
(281,000
)
 
$
(210,000
)
Effect of rate change on deferred assets
   
-
     
3,010,000
 
Change in valuation allowance
   
281,000
     
(2,800,000
)
   
$
-
   
$
-
 
F-18


The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017, are presented below:
   
December 31, 2018
   
December 31, 2017
 
Deferred tax assets:
           
  Net operating loss carryforward
 
$
5,082,000
   
$
4,801,000
 
    Deferred tax assets
   
5,082,000
     
4,801,000
 
                 
Deferred tax liabilities:
   
-
     
-
 
Net deferred tax assets
   
5,082,000
     
4,801,000
 
Valuation allowance
   
(5,082,000
)
   
(4,801,000
)
   
$
-
   
$
-
 

At December 31, 2018, the Company has estimated net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $24,204,000 for federal income tax purposes expiring in 2018 through 2036. The ability of the Company to utilize these carryforwards may be difficult and directly dependent upon many factors outside of the Company’s control, including, but not limited to, changes in the legal and regulatory framework and the operational and corporate structure of ABI and shareholders, or sales or transfers of stock by or among shareholders. For example, if ABI has experienced a change of control as defined in the relevant provisions of the IRC, 3 the use of any existing tax attributes could be severely limited. ABI does not believe the reorganization has or will impair any tax attributes; however, obtaining value from the tax attributes is a function of the Company’s return to profitable operations and the timeframe of that return. While we believe it is possible, there is no assurance that ABI will return to profitability in the future.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had open tax years of 2018, 2017 and 2016 which are subject to examination by tax authorities.

12. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease commitment
Our executive and administrative offices are located at 4134 Business Park Drive, Amarillo, Texas in a 1,800 square-foot leased facility. The lease term, which is an annual renewal, begins on July 1 of the calendar year and expires on June 30 of the calendar year.  The rent in effect on December 31, 2018 was $1,120 per month and expires on June 30, 2019.

Litigation
The Company is not a party to any litigation and is not aware of any pending litigation or unasserted claims or assessments as of December 31, 2018.
Officer Compensation
On March 28, 2018, the Company entered into employment contracts with Stephen T Chen, the Company’s President and CEO; and with Bernard Cohen, the Company’s Vice-President and CFO.  The contracts are identical except for job descriptions, duties and titles, and compensation amounts.  The contracts are for a three-year term, subject to earlier termination by the Company for certain acts of Employee constituting illegality or breach of fiduciary duty.  Compensation for Dr. Chen is set at $240,000 per annum in cash, payable bi-monthly, and $100,000 per annum payable in shares of the Company’s unregistered, voting common stock.  Compensation for Mr. Cohen is set at $70,000 per annum in cash, payable bi-monthly, and $12,000 per annum payable in shares of the Company’s unregistered, voting common stock. Compensation under each contract may be adjusted by the Company in certain cases involving disability of the employee, and the contracts may be terminated by the Company in the event of an employee’s permanent and total disability.
Each contract provides that the Employee shall devote his entire productive time, ability, attention and energies to the business of the Company. In addition, the contracts protect the property rights of the Company, including inventions and other intellectual property, trade secrets, and proprietary information. The contracts also prohibit Employee from competing directly or indirectly with the business of the Company or its controlled subsidiaries, both during the term of the contracts, and continuing for a period of three years after termination of the contracts. Employees are permitted, however, to invest without restriction in professionally managed mutual funds, and to purchase and own stock and other securities as long as the affected Employee is not directly or indirectly an affiliate of the issuer of such stock or other securities.
13. Subsequent Events
In February 2019, the Company issued a total of 200,000 shares of common stock at $0.25 per share to a private placement investor through the 2016-3 Private Placement Offering.  Also in February 2019, the Company issued a total of 136,000 shares of common stock as payment for the fourth quarter 2018 stock compensation grant for Dr. Stephen T. Chen, Bernard Cohen and Lawrence Lin.




3 See 26 U.S.C. § 382 (known as Section 382 of the IRC) and related regulations
F-19
Exhibit 31.1a
                                                                                                                                                FORM OF CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14 AND 15d-14
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED
CERTIFICATION
I, Stephen T. Chen, certify that:
1.   I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.;
2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods covered by this report;
3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f))for the registrant and have:
(a)   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 (b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)   Disclosed in this  report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
(b)   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:   April 16, 2019                           By:   /s/ Stephen T. Chen 
Stephen T. Chen
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer








Exhibit 31.1b
FORM OF CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14 AND 15d-14
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED
CERTIFICATION
I, Stephen T. Chen, certify that:
1.   I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Amarillo Biosciences, Inc.;
2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods covered by this report;
3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f))for the registrant and have:
(a)   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 (b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)   Disclosed in this  report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
(b)   Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:   April 16, 2019                           By:     /s/ Stephen T. Chen
Stephen T. Chen
Chief Financial Officer
Exhibit 33.1
CERTIFICATION REPORT

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting of the Company. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2018.



Date:   April 16, 2019                                       By:    /s/ Stephen T. Chen
Stephen T. Chen
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer


Date:   April 16, 2019                                       By:    /s/ Stephen T. Chen
Stephen T. Chen
Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT 99.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned, in the capacities and on the dates indicated below, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of his knowledge:

1.   The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.   The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operation of the Company.



Date:   April 16, 2019                                       By:     /s/ Stephen T. Chen
Stephen T. Chen
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer


Date:   April 16, 2019                                       By:     /s/ Stephen T. Chen
Stephen T. Chen
Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 10.72
AMARILLO BIOSCIENCES, INC.
2018 EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION PLAN

ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 24, 2018

ARTICLE I -- GENERAL

1.01.  Purposes.

The purposes of this 2018 Employee Stock Option Plan (the "Plan") are to: (1) closely associate the interests of the management of AMARILLO BIOSCIENCES, INC. ("ABI") and its Subsidiaries and Affiliates (collectively referred to as the "Company") with the share-holders by reinforcing the relation-ship between participants' rewards and shareholder gains; (2) provide management with an equity ownership in the Company commensu-rate with Company perfor-mance, as reflected in increased shareholder value; (3) maintain competitive compen-sation levels; and (4) provide an incentive to management for continuous employment with the Company.

1.02.  Administration.

(a)   The Plan shall be administered by the Board of Directors of ABI or by a committee of directors appointed by the Board of Directors of ABI (the "Committee"), as constituted from time to time.  The appointment of a Committee shall not deprive the Board of Directors of authority to administer the Plan, and the Committee shall not make Plan determinations, grants, or take other actions which are contrary to or inconsistent with prior Plan actions taken by the Board of Directors.  The Committee shall consist of at least two members of the Board who are non-employee directors within the meaning ascribed to such term in Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”), or within any successor definition or under any successor rule.

(b)   The Board and/or Committee shall have the authority, in its sole discretion and from time to time to:

(i)
designate the employees or classes of employees eligible to partici-pate in the Plan;

(ii)
grant awards provided in the Plan in such form and amount, and subject to such vesting, as the Board and/or Committee shall deter-mine, provided that in no event shall the period for vesting be longer than that set forth in Section 2.04, below.

(iii)
impose such limitations, restrictions and conditions upon any such awards as the Board and/or Committee shall deem appropriate; and

(iv)
interpret the Plan, adopt, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan, and make all other determina-tions and take all other action necessary or advisable for the implementation and administration of the Plan.

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(c)   Decisions and determinations of the Board and/or Committee on all matters relating to the Plan shall be in their sole discretion and shall be conclusive.  No member of the Board and/or Committee shall be liable for any action taken or decision made in good faith relating to the Plan or any award thereunder.

(d)   With respect to persons subject to Section 16 of the Securities Exchange act of 1934 (the "1934 Act"), transactions under the Plan are intended to comply with all applicable conditions of Rule 16b-3 or its successor under the 1934 Act.  To the extent any provision of the Plan or action by the Board of Directors or the Board and/or Committee fails to so comply, it shall be deemed null and void, to the extent permitted by law and deemed advisable by the Board of Directors or the Committee, as applicable.

(e)   All usual and reasonable expenses of the Board and/or Committee shall be paid by the Company, and no member shall receive compensation with respect to his services for the Board and/or Committee except as may be authorized by the Board of Direc-tors.  The Board of Directors and the Committee may employ attorneys, consultants, accountants or other persons, and the Board of Directors, the Committee, the Company and its officers and directors shall be entitled to rely upon the advice, opinions or valuations of any such persons.  All actions taken and all interpretations and determinations made by the Board of Directors or the Committee in good faith shall be final and binding upon all Employees who have received awards, and upon the Company and all other interested persons.  No member of Board of Directors or the Committee shall be personally liable for any action, determination, or interpre-tation taken or made in good faith with respect to the Plan or awards made thereunder, and the Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each member of the Board of Directors or the Committee against all loss, cost, expenses or damages, occasioned by any act or omission to act in connection with any such action, determination or interpretation under or of the Plan, consistent with the Company's certificate of incorporation and bylaws.

1.03.  Eligibility for Participation.

Participants in the Plan shall be selected by the Board and/or Committee from among the employees of the Company.  In making this selection and in determining the form and amount of awards, the Board and/or Committee shall consider any factors deemed relevant, including the individual's functions, responsibili-ties, value of services to the Company and past and potential contributions to the Company's profitability and sound growth.

1.04.  Types of Awards Under Plan.

Awards under the Plan will be in the form of Incentive Stock Op-tions, as described in Article II; provided, however, that Limited Rights, as de-scribed in Article III, may be awarded with respect to Op-tions concurrently or previously awarded.

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1.05.  Aggregate Limitation on Awards.

(a)   Shares of stock which may be issued under the Plan shall be authorized and unissued or treasury shares of common stock of ABI ("Common Stock").  The maximum number of shares of Common Stock which may be issued under the Plan shall be one million (1,000,000) shares.

(b)   In addition to shares of Common Stock actually issued pursuant to the exercise of Incentive Stock Options, there shall be deemed to have been issued a number of shares equal to the number of shares of Common Stock in respect of which Limited Rights (as described in Article III) shall have been exercised.

(c)   Any shares of Common Stock subject to an Incen-tive Stock Option which for any reason is terminated unexer-cised or expires shall again be available for issuance under the Plan, but shares subject to an Incen-tive Stock Option which are not issued as a result of the exercise of Limited Rights shall not again be available for issuance under the Plan.

1.06.  Effective Date and Term of Plan.

(a)   The Plan shall become effective on the date approved by the holders of a majority of the shares of Common Stock present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at a duly called and noticed meeting of the Shareholders of ABI.

(b)   No awards shall be made under the Plan after 2027 provided, however, that the Plan and all awards made under the Plan prior to such date shall remain in effect until such awards have been satisfied or terminated in accordance with the Plan and the terms of such awards.

ARTICLE II -- INCENTIVE STOCK OPTIONS

2.01.  Award of Incentive Stock Options.

The Board and/or Committee may, from time to time and subject to the provisions of the Plan and such other terms and conditions as the Board and/or Committee may prescribe, grant to any participant in the Plan one or more "Incentive Stock Options," intended to qualify as such under the provisions of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") ("Incentive Stock Options") to purchase for cash the number of shares of Common Stock allotted by the Board and/or Committee.  The date an Incentive Stock Option is granted shall mean the date selected by the Board and/or Committee as of which the Board and/or Committee allots a specific number of shares to a participant pursuant to the Plan.

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2.02.  Incentive Stock Option Agreements.

The grant of an Incentive Stock Option shall be evidenced by a written Incentive Stock Option Agreement, executed by the Company and the holder of an Incentive Stock Option (the "Optionee"), stating the number of shares of Common Stock subject to the Incentive Stock Option evidenced thereby, and in such form as the Board and/or Committee may from time to time determine.

2.03.  Incentive Stock Option Price.

The Option Price per share of Common Stock deliver-able upon the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option shall be 100% of the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date the Incentive Stock Option is granted; provided, however, that with respect to any Optionee who owns stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of ABI or of its parent or Subsidiary corporation (with such ownership determined in view of the attribution provisions of Section 424(d) of the Code), the Option Price per share of Common Stock deliver-able upon the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option shall be 110% of the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date the Incentive Stock Option is granted.  The Board and/or Committee shall determine the date on which an option is granted, provided that such date is consistent with the Code and any applicable rules or regulations thereunder; in the absence of such determination, the date on which the Board and/or Committee adopts a resolution granting an option shall be considered the date on which such option is granted, provided the Employee to whom the option is granted is promptly notified of the grant and a written option agreement is duly executed as of the date of the resolution.

2.04.  Term and Exercise.

Each Incentive Stock Option for employees who are not 10% owners is exercisable during a period of ten years from the date of grant thereof , subject to the Vesting Schedule for Employees who are not 10% Owners, set forth below.  With respect to any Optionee who at the time the Option is granted owns stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of ABI or of its parent or Subsidiary corporation (with such owner-ship deter-mined pursuant to the attribution rules set forth in Section 424(d) of the Code), each Incentive Stock Option is exercisable during a period of five years from the date of grant thereof, subject to the Vesting Schedule for Employees who are 10% Owners, set forth below.  The term during which an option is exercisable pursuant to this Section 2.04, whether five or ten years as the case may be, shall be known as the “Option Term”.  No Incentive Stock Option shall be exercisable after the expira-tion of its Option Term.  The Board and/or Committee may also in its sole discretion acceler-ate the exerciseability or vesting of any option or install-ment thereof at any time.
Vesting Schedule for Employees who are not 10% Owners.   Options awarded shall be exercis-able, subject to the other terms and conditions of the Plan, only upon the expira-tion of the designated number of years of active employment with the Company from date of award, as provided below:
 20% of Options awarded - 1 year
 40% of Options awarded - 2 years
 60% of Options awarded - 3 years
 80% of Options awarded - 4 years
100% of Options awarded - 5 years
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Vesting Schedule for Employees who are 10% Owners.
 25% of Options awarded - 1 year
 50% of Options awarded - 2 years
 75% of Options awarded - 3 years
100% of Options awarded - 4 years
Except as provided in Sections 2.06, 2.07 and 2.08 hereof, no Incentive Stock Option shall be exercised at any time unless the holder thereof is then a regular full-time employee of the Company or one of its subsidiaries.

2.05.  $100,000 Per Year Limitation.

To the extent that the aggregate fair market value of stock with respect to which incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code (determined without regard to this section or Section 422(d) of the Code) are exercisable for the 1 st time by any individual during any calendar year (under all plans of the individual’s employer corporation and its parent and subsidiary corporations) exceeds $100,000, such options shall be treated as options which are not incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.

2.06.  Death of Optionee.

(a)   Upon the death of the Optionee, any Incentive Stock Option exercisable on the date of death may be exercised by the Optionee's estate or by a person who acquires the right to exercise such Incentive Stock Option by bequest or inheri-tance or by reason of the death of the Optionee, provided that such exercise occurs within both the remaining Option Term of the Incentive Stock Option and one year after the Optionee's death.

(b)   The provisions of this Section shall apply notwithstanding the fact that the Optionee's employment may have terminated prior to death, but only to the extent of any Incentive Stock Options exercisable on the date of death.

2.07.  Retirement or Disability.

Upon the termination of the Optionee's employment by reason of permanent and total disability (as defined herein) or retire-ment (as determined by the Board and/or Committee), the Optionee may, within 36 months from the date of such termination of employ-ment, exercise any Incentive Stock Options to the extent such Incentive Stock Options were exercisable at the date of such termination of employment.  Notwithstanding the forego-ing, neither retirement nor disability shall extend the Option Term of any Incentive Stock Option, and the tax treatment available pursuant to Section 422 of the Code upon the exercise of an Incen-tive Stock Option will not be available to an Optionee who exercises any Incentive Stock Option more than (i) 12 months after the date of termination of employment due to permanent disability or (ii) three months after the date of termination of employment due to retirement.  For purposes hereof, "permanent and total disability" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code or any successor provision thereto.

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2.08.  Termination for Other Reasons.

Except as provided in Sections 2.06 and 2.07 or except as otherwise determined by the Board and/or Committee, all Incentive Stock Options shall terminate upon the termination of the Optionee's employment; provided, however, that if the Optionee's employment was involuntarily terminated (with or without cause), Optionee may exercise, during a 90-day period commencing with date of termination, all Options theretofore vested, or which vest during said 90-day period, under the Vesting Schedules set forth in Paragraph 2.04, above.  At the end of the 90-day period, all rights of such Optionee under any then outstanding option or right shall terminate and shall be forfeited immediately as to any unexercised portion thereof.

2.09.  Other Limitations.

The tax treatment available pursuant to Sec. 422(a)(1) of the Code upon the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option will not be available to an optionee who after exercise of any Incentive Stock Option, disposes of the underlying share(s) earlier than 2 years from the date of the granting of the Option, or within 1 year of the transfer of such share(s) to him.

2.10.  Manner of Payment.

Each Stock Option Agreement shall set forth the procedure governing the exercise of the Stock Option granted thereunder, and shall provide that, upon such exercise in respect of any shares of Common Stock subject thereto, the Optionee shall pay to the Company, in full, the Option Price for such shares with cash or in shares of the Common Stock, valued at the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of exercise.

2.11.  Issuance of Shares.

As soon as practicable after receipt of payment, the Company shall deliver to the Optionee a certificate or certificates for such shares of Common Stock.  The Optionee shall become a shareholder of the Company with respect to Common Stock represented by share certificates so issued and as such shall be fully entitled to receive dividends, to vote and to exercise all other rights of a shareholder.

2.12.  Effect of Exercise.

The exercise of any Stock Option shall cancel that number of related Limited Rights, if any, which is equal to the number of shares of Common Stock purchased pursuant to said Option.

2.13.  Rule 16b-3 Exemption.

Options granted under the Plan shall comply with the applicable provisions of Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the 1934 Act, or any successor, and shall contain such additional condi-tions or restrictions as may be required thereunder to qualify for the maximum exemp-tion from Section 16 of the 1934 Act with respect to Plan transactions.

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ARTICLE III -- LIMITED RIGHTS

3.01.  Award of Limited Rights.

Concurrently with or subsequent to the award of any Incentive Stock Option, the Board and/or Committee may, subject to the provisions of the Plan and such other terms and conditions as the Board and/or Committee may prescribe, award to the Optionee with respect to each Option, a related limited right permitting the Optionee, during a specified limited time period, to be paid the appreciation on the Common Stock in lieu of exercising the Option ("Limited Right").

3.02.  Limited Rights Agreement.

Limited Rights granted under the Plan shall be evidenced by written agreements in such form as the Board and/or Committee may from time to time determine.

3.03.  Exercise Period.

Limited Rights shall (and must) be exercised immediately preceding or simultaneous with the date of a Change in Control of ABI (the "Exercise Period"), and all Limited Rights held by the Optionee shall be exercised during such Exercise Period, without regard to the Vesting Schedules set forth in Paragraph 2.04; provided, however, that if a Change in Control shall have occurred without notice or opportunity for exercise of Limited Rights, then the Limited Rights shall be exercised as soon as practicable after a determi-nation has been made that a "Change in Control" has occurred, or has been deemed to have occurred.

As used in the Plan, a "Change in Control" shall be deemed to have occurred if

(a)   individuals who were directors of ABI, immedi-ately prior to a Control Transaction shall cease, within one year of such Control Transaction, to constitute a majority of the Board of Directors of ABI (or of the Board of Directors of any successor to ABI or to all or substan-tially all of its assets), or

(b)   any entity, person or Group other than ABI or a Subsidiary of ABI or an Affiliate thereof acquires shares of ABI in a transaction or series of transac-tions that result in such entity, person or Group directly or indirectly owning benefi-cially fifty-one percent (51%) or more of the outstand-ing shares.

As used herein, "Control Transaction" shall be

(i)
any tender offer for or acquisition of capital stock of ABI,

(ii)
any merger, consol-idation, or sale of all or substan-tial-ly all of the assets of ABI which has been approved by the sharehold-ers,

(iii)
any contested election of directors of ABI, or

(iv)
any combination of the fore-going;
which results in a change in voting power suf-ficient to elect a majority of the Board of Direc-tors of ABI.  As used here-in, "Group" shall mean persons who act in concert as described in Sections 13(d)(3) and/or 14(d)(2) of the Securi-ties Ex-change Act of 1934, as amended.

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3.04.  Amount of Payment.

The amount of payment to which an Optionee shall be entitled upon the exercise of each Limited Right shall be equal to 100% of the amount, if any, which is equal to the difference between the Option Price of the Common Stock covered by the related Option(s) as determined under Section 2.03, above, and the Market Price of such Common Stock , but only if and to the extent said Market Price is greater than said Option Price.  Market Price is defined to be the greater of (i) the highest price per share of the Company's Common Stock paid in connec-tion with any Change in Control and (ii) the highest price per share of the Company's Common Stock paid pursuant to an unsolicited brokerage transaction during the 60-day period prior to the Change in Control, in each case, multiplied by the number of shares subject to such Option(s).

3.05.  Form of Payment.

Payment of the amount to which an Optionee is entitled upon the exercise of Limited Rights, as determined pursuant to Section 3.04, shall be made solely in cash.

3.06.  Effect of Exercise.

If Limited Rights are exercised, the Stock Op-tions related to such Limited Rights cease to be exercisable to the extent of the number of shares with respect to which the Limited Rights were exercised.  Upon the exercise or termina-tion of the Options related to such Limited Rights, the Limited Rights granted with respect thereto terminate to the extent of the number of shares as to which the related Options were exercised or terminated.

3.07.  Retirement or Disability.

Upon termination of the Optionee's employment with the Company by reason of permanent disability or retire-ment (as each is determined by the Board and/or Committee), the Optionee may, within 36 months from the date of termination, exercise any Limited Right to the extent such Limited Right is otherwise exercis-able during such 36-month period.

3.08.  Death of Optionee or Termination for Other Reasons.

Except as provided in Section 3.07, or except as otherwise determined by the Board and/or Committee, all Limited Rights granted under the Plan shall terminate upon the termination of the Optionee's employment with the Company, or upon the death of the Optionee.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither retirement nor disability shall extend the Option Term of any Incentive Stock Option, nor the term of any Limited Rights.

ARTICLE IV -- MISCELLANEOUS

4.01.  General Restriction.

Each award under the Plan shall be subject to the requirement that, if at any time the Board and/or Committee shall determine that (i) the listing, registration or qualification of the shares of Common Stock subject or related thereto upon any securities exchange or under any state or federal law, or (ii) the consent or approval of any government regulatory body, or (iii) an agreement by the grantee of an award with respect to the disposition of shares of Common Stock, is necessary or desirable as a condition of, or in connection with, the granting of such award or
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the issue or purchase of shares of Common Stock thereunder, such award may not be consummated in whole or in part unless such listing, registration, qualifica-tion, consent, approval or agreement shall have been effected or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Board and/or Committee.

4.02.  Non-Assignability.

No award under the Plan shall be assignable or transferable by the recipient thereof, except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution.  During the life of the recipient, such award shall be exercisable only by such person or by such person's guardian or legal representative.

4.03.  Right to Terminate Employment.

Nothing in the Plan or in any agreement entered into pursuant to the Plan shall confer upon any participant the right to continue in the employment of the Company or affect any right which the Company may have to terminate the employ-ment of such participant.

4.04.  Non-Uniform Determinations.

The Board’s and/or Committee's determinations under the Plan (including without limitation determinations of the persons to receive awards, the form, amount and timing of such awards, the terms and provisions of such awards and the agreements evidencing same) need not be uniform and may be made by it selectively among persons who receive, or are eligible to receive, awards under the Plan, whether or not such persons are similarly situated.

4.05.  Rights as a Shareholder.

The recipient of any award under the Plan shall have no rights as a shareholder with respect thereto unless and until certificates for shares of Common Stock are issued to him.

4.06.  Definitions.

In this Plan the following definitions (along with other definitions set forth elsewhere in the Plan) shall apply:

(a)   "Affiliate" means any person or entity which directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with ABI.

(b)   "Fair Market Value" means, as of any date, the value of Common Stock determined as follows:

(i)
If the Common Stock is listed on any established stock exchange or a national market system, including without limita-tion the National Market System of the National Association of Securities Deal-ers, Inc. Automated Quotation (“NASDAQ”) System, the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock shall be the closing sales price for such stock (or the clos-ing bid, if no sales were reported) as quoted on such system or exchange (or the exchange with the greatest volume of trading in Common Stock) on the date of grant, as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Board deems reliable;

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(ii)
If the Common Stock is quoted on the NASDAQ System (but not on the National Market System thereof) or regularly quot-ed by a recognized securities dealer but selling prices are not reported, the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock shall be the mean between the bid and asked prices for the Common Stock on the last market trading day prior to the day of determination, as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Board deems reliable;

(iii)
impose such limitations, restrictions and conditions upon any such awards as the Board and/or Committee shall deem appropriate; and

(iv)
In the absence of an established market for the Common Stock, the Fair Market Value thereof shall be determined in good faith by the Board and/or Committee.
(c)   "Option" means Incentive Stock Option.

(d)   "Option Price" means the purchase price per share of Common Stock deliverable upon the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option.

(e)   "Subsidiary" means any corporation of which, at the time more than 50% of the shares entitled to vote general-ly in an election of directors are owned directly or indirect-ly by ABI or any Subsidiary thereof.

4.07.  Leaves of Absence.

The Board and/or Committee shall be entitled to make such rules, regulations and determina-tions as it deems appropriate under the Plan in respect of any leave of absence taken by the recipient of any award.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Board and/or Committee shall be entitled to determine (i) whether or not any such leave of absence shall constitute a termination of employment within the meaning of the Plan and (ii) the impact, if any, of any such leave of absence on awards under the Plan theretofore made to any recipient who takes such leave of absence.

4.08.  Newly Eligible Employees.

The Board and/or Committee shall be entitled to make such rules, regulations, determinations and awards as it deems appropriate in respect of any employee who becomes eligible to participate in the Plan or any portion thereof after the commencement of an award or incentive period.

4.09.  Adjustments.

In the event of any change in the outstanding Common Stock by reason of a stock dividend or distribution, recapi-talization, merger, consolidation, split-up, combination, exchange of shares or the like, the Board and/or Committee shall appropri-ate-ly adjust the number of shares of Common Stock which may be issued under the Plan, the number of shares of Common Stock subject to Options theretofore granted under the Plan, the Option Price of Options theretofore granted under the Plan, the amount and terms of any Limited Rights theretofore awarded under the Plan, and any and all other matters deemed appropri-ate by the Board and/or Committee.
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4.10.  Amendment of the Plan.

(a)   The Board and/or Committee may, without further action by the shareholders and without receiving further consideration from the participants, amend this Plan or condition or modify awards under this Plan in response to changes in taxation, securities or other laws or rules, regulations or regulatory interpretations thereof applicable to this Plan or to comply with stock exchange rules or requirements.

(b)   The Board and/or Committee may at any time and from time to time terminate or modify or amend the Plan in any respect, except that without shareholder approval the Board and/or Committee may not (i) increase the maximum number of shares of Common Stock which may be issued under the Plan (other than increases pursuant to Section 4.10), (ii) extend the period during which any award may be granted or exercised, or (iii) extend the term of the Plan.  The termination or any modification or amendment of the Plan, except as provided in subsection (a), shall not without the consent of a participant, affect his or her rights under an award previously granted to him or her.

4.11.  Disposition of Option Shares; Withholding Taxes.

Upon the disposition (within the meaning of Code Section 424(c)) of shares of Common Stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option prior to the expiration of the holding period requirements of Code Section 422(a)(1)(see Section 2.09, above), the Optionee shall be required to give notice to the Company of such disposition and the Company shall have the right to require the Optionee to pay to the Company the amount of any taxes that are required by law to be withheld with respect to such disposition.

4.12.  Shares Unregistered.

Shares issued upon exercise of any Stock Option shall be restricted, and shall bear any required or appropriate legends. There is no assurance that a market for the shares will be available or that the Company’s securities will continue to qualify for resale pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”). The Company makes no representation that its securities will continue to qualify for resale under Rule 144 nor that its securities will continue to be traded on the over-the-counter bulletin board or any other exchange and the Optionee is solely responsible for determining that any resale by him of the shares is lawful under applicable federal and state securities laws.

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Exhibit 10.73
AMARILLO BIOSCIENCES, INC.
2018 OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES AND CONSULTANTS NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTION PLAN

ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 26, 2018

ARTICLE I – GENERAL

1.01.  Purposes.

The purposes of this 2018 Officers, Directors, Employees and Consultants Nonqualified Stock Option Plan (the “Plan”) are to: (1) closely associate the interests of the officers, directors, employees and consultants of AMARILLO BIOSCIENCES, INC. (“the “Company” or “ABI”) with the interests of the share-holders by reinforcing the relation-ship between participants’ rewards and shareholder gains; (2) provide participants with an equity ownership in the Company commensu-rate with Company perfor-mance, as reflected in increased shareholder value; (3) maintain competitive compen-sation levels; and (4) provide an incentive to participants for continued association with the Company.

1.02.  Administration.

(a)   The Plan shall be administered by the Board of Directors of ABI or by a committee of directors appointed by the Board of Directors of ABI (the "Committee"), as constituted from time to time.  The appointment of a Committee shall not deprive the Board of Directors of authority to administer the Plan, and the Committee shall not make Plan determinations, grants, or take other actions which are contrary to or inconsistent with prior Plan actions taken by the Board of Directors.  The Committee shall consist of at least two members of the Board who are non-employee directors within the meaning ascribed to such term in Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”), or within any successor definition or under any successor rule.

(b)   The Board and/or Committee shall have the authority, in its sole discretion and from time to time to:

(i)
designate the employees or classes of employees eligible to partici-pate in the Plan;

(ii)
grant awards provided in the Plan in such form and amount, and subject to such vesting, as the Board and/or Committee shall deter-mine, provided that in no event shall the period for vesting be longer than that set forth in Section 2.04, below.

(iii)
impose such limitations, restrictions and conditions upon any such awards as the Board and/or Committee shall deem appropriate; and
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(iv)
interpret the Plan, adopt, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan, and make all other determina-tions and take all other action necessary or advisable for the implementation and administration of the Plan.

(c)   Decisions and determinations of the Board and/or Committee on all matters relating to the Plan shall be in their sole discretion and shall be conclusive.  No member of the Board and/or Committee shall be liable for any action taken or decision made in good faith relating to the Plan or any award thereunder.

(d)   With respect to persons subject to Section 16 of the Securities Exchange act of 1934 (the "1934 Act"), transactions under the Plan are intended to comply with all applicable conditions of Rule 16b-3 or its successor under the 1934 Act.  To the extent any provision of the Plan or action by the Board of Directors or the Board and/or Committee fails to so comply, it shall be deemed null and void, to the extent permitted by law and deemed advisable by the Board of Directors or the Committee, as applicable.

(e)   All usual and reasonable expenses of the Board and/or Committee shall be paid by the Company, and no member shall receive compensation with respect to his services for the Board and/or Committee except as may be authorized by the Board of Direc-tors.  The Board of Directors and the Committee may employ attorneys, consultants, accountants or other persons, and the Board of Directors, the Committee, the Company and its officers and directors shall be entitled to rely upon the advice, opinions or valuations of any such persons.  All actions taken and all interpretations and determinations made by the Board of Directors or the Committee in good faith shall be final and binding upon all Employees who have received awards, and upon the Company and all other interested persons.  No member of Board of Directors or the Committee shall be personally liable for any action, determination, or interpre-tation taken or made in good faith with respect to the Plan or awards made thereunder, and the Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each member of the Board of Directors or the Committee against all loss, cost, expenses or damages, occasioned by any act or omission to act in connection with any such action, determination or interpretation under or of the Plan, consistent with the Company's certificate of incorporation and bylaws.

1.03.  Eligibility for Participation.

Participants in the Plan shall be selected by the Board and/or Committee from among the officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company.  In making this selection and in determining the form and amount of awards, the Board and/or Committee shall consider any factors deemed relevant, including the individual’s functions, responsibili-ties, value of services to the Company and past and potential contributions to the Company’s profitability and sound growth.
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1.04.  Types of Awards Under Plan.

Awards under the Plan will be in the form of Nonqualified Stock Op-tions, as described in Article II; provided, however, that Limited Rights, as de-scribed in Article IV, may be awarded with respect to Op-tions concurrently or previously awarded.

1.05.  Aggregate Limitation on Awards.

(a)   Shares of stock which may be issued under the Plan shall be authorized and unissued or treasury shares of Common Stock of ABI (“Common Stock”).  The maximum number of shares of Common Stock which may be issued or reserved under the Plan shall be four million (4,000,000) shares.

(b)   In addition to shares of Common Stock actually issued or reserved for exercise of Nonqualified Stock Options, there shall be deemed to have been issued under the Plan a number of shares equal to the number of shares of Common Stock in respect of which Limited Rights (as described in Article IV) shall have been exercised.

(c)   Any shares of Common Stock subject to a Nonqualified Stock Option which for any reason is terminated unexer-cised or expires shall again be available for issuance under the Plan, but shares subject to a Nonqualified Stock Option which are not issued as a result of the exercise of Limited Rights shall not again be available for issuance under the Plan.

1.06.  Effective Date and Term of Plan.

(a)   The Plan shall become effective on the date of adoption, as first above written.

(b)   No awards shall be made under the Plan after 2027 provided, however, that the Plan and all awards made under the Plan prior to such date shall remain in effect until such awards have been satisfied or terminated in accordance with the Plan and the terms of such awards.

ARTICLE II – NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTIONS

2.01.  Award of Nonqualified Stock Options.

The Board and/or Committee may, from time to time and subject to the provisions of the Plan and such other terms and conditions as the Board and/or Committee may prescribe, grant to any participant in the Plan one or more nonqualified stock options (“Nonqualified Stock Options” or “Options”), to purchase for cash the number of shares of Common Stock allotted by the Board and/or Committee.  The date a Nonqualified Stock Option is granted shall mean the date selected by the Board and/or Committee as of which the Board and/or Committee allots a specific number of shares to a participant pursuant to the Plan.
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2.02.  Nonqualified Stock Option Agreements.

The grant of a Nonqualified Stock Option shall be evidenced by a written Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement, executed by the Company and the holder of a Nonqualified Stock Option (the “Optionee”), stating the number of shares of Common Stock subject to the Nonqualified Stock Option evidenced thereby, and in such form as the Board and/or Committee may from time to time determine.

2.03.  Nonqualified Stock Option Price.

The Option Price per share of Common Stock deliver-able upon the exercise of a Nonqualified Stock Option shall be as determined by the Board and/or Committee, but in no event less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the last trading date preceding the date of grant. The Board and/or Committee shall determine the date on which an Option is granted; in the absence of such determination, the date on which the Board and/or Committee adopts a resolution granting an Option shall be considered the date on which such Option is granted, provided the Employee to whom the Option is granted is promptly notified of the grant and a written Option agreement is duly executed as of the date of the resolution.

2.04.  Term and Exercise.

Each Nonqualified Stock Option is exercisable during a period of ten (10) years from the date of grant thereof or such shorter period as may be designated by the Board and/or Committee at the time of grant (the “Option Term”), subject always to the Vesting Schedule set forth below.  No Nonqualified Stock Option shall be exercisable after the expira-tion of its Option Term.  The Board and/or Committee may also in its sole discretion acceler-ate the exerciseability or vesting of any Option or install-ment thereof at any time.

Vesting Schedule. Options awarded shall be exercis-able, subject to the other terms and conditions of the Plan, and if the Board and/or Committee shall not have accelerated vesting, only upon the expira-tion of the designated number of years of active association with the Company from date of award, as provided below:

  20% of Options awarded - 1 year
  40% of Options awarded - 2 years
  60% of Options awarded - 3 years
  80% of Options awarded - 4 years
100% of Options awarded - 5 years
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Except as provided in Sections 2.05, 2.06 and 2.07 hereof, no Nonqualified Stock Option shall be exercised at any time unless the holder thereof is then associated with the Company as an officer, director, employee or consultant.

2.05.  Death of Optionee.

(a)   Upon the death of the Optionee, any Nonqualified Stock Option exercisable on the date of death may be exercised by the Optionee’s estate or by a person who acquires the right to exercise such Nonqualified Stock Option by bequest or inheri-tance or by reason of the death of the Optionee, provided that such exercise occurs within both the remaining Option Term of the Nonqualified Stock Option and one year after the Optionee’s death.

(b)   The provisions of this Section shall apply notwithstanding the fact that the Optionee’s association with the Company may have terminated prior to death, but only to the extent of any Nonqualified Stock Options exercisable on the date of death.

2.06.  Retirement or Disability.

Upon termination of the Optionee’s association with the Company by reason of permanent disability or retire-ment (as each is determined by the Board and/or Committee), the Optionee may, within 36 months from the date of termination, exercise any Nonqualified Stock Option to the extent such Stock Option is otherwise exercis-able during such 36-month period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither retirement nor disability shall extend the Option Term of any Nonqualified Stock Option.

2.07.  Termination for Other Reasons.

Except as provided in Sections 2.05 and 2.06 or except as otherwise determined by the Board and/or Committee, all Nonqualified Stock Options shall terminate upon the termination of the Optionee’s association with the Company; provided, however, that if the Optionee’s association was involuntarily terminated (with or without cause), Optionee may exercise, during a 90-day period commencing with date of such termination, all Options theretofore vested, or which vest during said 90-day period, under the Vesting Schedules set forth in Paragraph 2.04, above. At the end of the 90-day period, all rights of such Optionee under any then outstanding Option or right shall terminate and shall be forfeited immediately as to any unexercised portion thereof.

2.08.  Manner of Payment.

Each Stock Option Agreement shall set forth the procedure governing the exercise of the Stock Option granted thereunder, and shall provide that, upon such exercise in respect of any shares of Common Stock subject thereto, the Optionee shall transfer to the Company, in full, the Option Price for such shares either in cash, or in shares of the Common
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Stock of the Company previously held by the Optionee, valued at the Fair Market Value per share on the last trading date preceding the date of exercise.

2.09.  Issuance of Shares.

As soon as practicable after receipt of payment, the Company shall deliver to the Optionee a certificate or certificates for such shares of Common Stock.  The Optionee shall become a shareholder of the Company with respect to Common Stock represented by share certificates so issued and as such shall be fully entitled to receive dividends, to vote and to exercise all other rights of a shareholder.

2.10.  Effect of Exercise.

The exercise of any Stock Option shall cancel that number of related Limited Rights, if any, which is equal to the number of shares of Common Stock purchased pursuant to said Option.

2.11.  Rule 16b-3 Exemption.

Options granted under the Plan shall comply with the applicable provisions of Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the 1934 Act, or any successor, and shall contain such additional condi-tions or restrictions as may be required thereunder to qualify for the maximum exemp-tion from Section 16 of the 1934 Act with respect to Plan transactions.

ARTICLE III – SHARES UNREGISTERED

3.01.  Shares Unregistered.

Shares issued upon exercise of any Stock Option shall be restricted, and shall bear any required or appropriate legends. There is no assurance that a market for the shares will be available or that the Company’s securities will continue to qualify for resale pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”). The Company makes no representation that its securities will continue to qualify for resale under Rule 144 nor that its securities will continue to be traded on the over-the-counter bulletin board or any other exchange and the Optionee is solely responsible for determining that any resale by him of the shares is lawful under applicable federal and state securities laws.

ARTICLE IV – LIMITED RIGHTS

4.01.  Award of Limited Rights.

Concurrently with or subsequent to the award of any Nonqualified Stock Option, the Board and/or Committee may, subject to the provisions of the Plan and such other terms and conditions as the Board and/or Committee may prescribe, award to the Optionee with
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respect to each Option, a related limited right permitting the Optionee, during a specified limited time period, to be paid the appreciation on the Common Stock in lieu of exercising the Option (“Limited Right”).

4.02.  Limited Rights Agreement.

Limited Rights granted under the Plan shall be evidenced by written agreements in such form as the Board and/or Committee may from time to time determine.

4.04.  Exercise Period.

Limited Rights must be exercised (if at all) immediately preceding or simultaneous with the date of a Change in Control of ABI (the “Exercise Period”), and all Limited Rights held by the Optionee shall be exercised during such Exercise Period, without regard to the Vesting Schedules set forth in Paragraph 2.04; provided, however, that if a Change in Control shall have occurred without notice or opportunity for exercise of Limited Rights, then the Limited Rights shall be exercised as soon as practicable after a determi-nation has been made that a “Change in Control” has occurred, or has been deemed to have occurred.

As used in the Plan, a “Change in Control” shall be deemed to have occurred if

(a)   individuals who were directors of ABI, immedi-ately prior to a Control Transaction shall cease, within one year of such Control Transaction, to constitute a majority of the Board of Directors of ABI (or of the Board of Directors of any successor to ABI or to all or substan-tially all of its assets), or

(b)   any entity, person or Group other than ABI or a Subsidiary of ABI or an Affiliate thereof acquires shares of ABI in a transaction or series of transac-tions that result in such entity, person or Group directly or indirectly owning benefi-cially fifty-one percent (51%) or more of the outstand-ing shares.

As used herein, “Control Transaction” shall be


(i)
any tender offer for or acquisition of capital stock of ABI,


(ii)
any merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of ABI which has been approved by the shareholders,


(iii)
any contested election of directors of ABI, or


(iv)
any combination of the fore-going;
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which results in a change in voting power suf-ficient to elect a majority of the Board of Direc-tors of ABI.  As used here-in, “Group” shall mean persons who act in concert as described in Sections 13(d)(3) and/or 14(d)(2) of the Securi-ties Ex-change Act of 1934, as amended.

4.05.  Amount of Payment.

The amount of payment to which an Optionee shall be entitled upon the exercise of each Limited Right shall be equal to 100% of the amount, if any, which is equal to the difference between the Option Price of the Common Stock covered by the related Option(s) as determined under Section 2.03, above, and the Market Price of such Common Stock , but only if and to the extent said Market Price is greater than said Option Price.  Market Price is defined to be the greater of (i) the highest price per share of the Company’s Common Stock paid in connec-tion with any Change in Control and (ii) the highest price per share of the Company’s Common Stock paid pursuant to an unsolicited brokerage transaction during the 60-day period prior to the Change in Control, in each case, multiplied by the number of shares subject to such Option(s).

4.06.  Form of Payment.

Payment of the amount to which an Optionee is entitled upon the exercise of Limited Rights, as determined pursuant to Section 4.05, shall be made solely in cash.

4.07.  Effect of Exercise or Non-Exercise.

If Limited Rights are exercised, the Stock Op-tions related to such Limited Rights cease to be exercisable to the extent of the number of shares with respect to which the Limited Rights were exercised.  Upon the exercise or termina-tion of the Options related to such Limited Rights, the Limited Rights granted with respect thereto terminate to the extent of the number of shares as to which the related Options were exercised or terminated.  If Limited Rights have not been awarded to an Optionee, or if Limited Rights have been awarded but the Optionee elects not to exercise the same, then all Nonqualified Stock Options held by such Optionee must be exercised (if at all) within thirty (30) days after the Optionee has received notice of an impending Control Transaction; and if not so exercised, shall lapse in their entirety.

4.08.  Retirement or Disability.

Upon termination of the Optionee’s association with the Company by reason of permanent disability or retire-ment (as each is determined by the Board and/or Committee), the Optionee may, within 36 months from the date of termination, exercise any Limited Right to the extent such Limited Right is otherwise exercis-able during such 36-month period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither retirement nor disability shall extend the Option Term of any Nonqualified Stock Option, nor the term of any Limited Rights.
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ARTICLE V - REGISTRATION OF SHARES

5.01.  Registration of Shares.

The Board and/or Committee may from time to time, and subject to the provisions of the Plan and such other terms and conditions as the Board and/or Committee may prescribe, authorize the Company to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form S-8 or other appropriate form, at the Company’s expense, shares of stock which are issuable under Stock Options to be granted or awarded to participants in the Plan who are employees or consultants, including without limitation, shares underlying unexercised Stock Options, shares which have been issued pursuant to the exercise of Stock Options, and such shares as may be reserved from time to time for issuance upon future exercise of the Stock Options.

ARTICLE VI – MISCELLANEOUS

6.01.  General Restriction.

Each award under the Plan shall be subject to the requirement that, if at any time the Board and/or Committee shall determine that (i) the listing, registration or qualification of the shares of Common Stock subject or related thereto upon any securities exchange or under any state or federal law, or (ii) the consent or approval of any government regulatory body, or (iii) an agreement by the grantee of an award with respect to the disposition of shares of Common Stock, is necessary or desirable as a condition of, or in connection with, the granting of such award or the issue or purchase of shares of Common Stock thereunder, such award may not be consummated in whole or in part unless such listing, registration, qualifica-tion, consent, approval or agreement shall have been effected or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Board and/or Committee.

6.02.  Assignability.

The Options shall not be assignable or transferable by Optionee except by Will or by the laws of descent and distribution, or pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order as defined by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or to a person or entity approved by ABI, in writing, or, provided there is no consideration for the transfer, to a member of Optionee’s immediate family, a trust or trusts for the benefit of such immediate family members, or a partnership in which the Optionee and such immediate family members are the only partners. For this purpose, “immediate family member” shall include the Optionee’s descendants, spouse, and spouses of descendants.

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6.03.  Right to Terminate Association.

Nothing in the Plan or in any agreement entered into pursuant to the Plan shall confer upon any participant the right to continue in association with the Company or affect any right which the Company may have to terminate the association of such participant.

6.04.  Non-Uniform Determinations.

The Board’s and/or Committee’s determinations under the Plan (including without limitation determinations of the persons to receive awards, the form, amount and timing of such awards, the terms and provisions of such awards and the agreements evidencing same) need not be uniform and may be made by them selectively among persons who receive, or are eligible to receive, awards under the Plan, whether or not such persons are similarly situated.

6.05.  Rights as a Shareholder.

The recipient of any award under the Plan shall have no rights as a shareholder with respect thereto unless and until certificates for shares of Common Stock are issued to him.

6.06.  Definitions.

In this Plan the following definitions (along with other definitions set forth elsewhere in the Plan) shall apply:

(a)   “Affiliate” means any person or entity which directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with ABI.

(b)   “Fair Market Value” means, as of any date, the value of Common Stock determined as follows:


(i)
If the Common Stock is listed on any established stock exchange or a national market system, including without limita-tion the National Market System of the National Association of Securities Deal-ers, Inc. Automated Quotation (“NASDAQ”) System, the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock shall be the closing sales price for such stock (or the clos-ing bid, if no sales were reported) as quoted on such system or exchange (or the exchange with the greatest volume of trading in Common Stock) on the date of grant, as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Board deems reliable;
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(ii)
If the Common Stock is quoted on the NASDAQ System (but not on the National Market System thereof) or regularly quot-ed by a recognized securities dealer but selling prices are not reported, the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock shall be the mean between the bid and asked prices for the Common Stock on the last market trading day prior to the day of determination, as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Board deems reliable;


(iii)
If the Common Stock is traded on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board, the Fair Market Value of a share of a Common Stock shall be the closing price of the Common Stock on the last market trading day, prior to the day of determination; or


(iv)
In the absence of an established market for the Common Stock, the Fair Market Value thereof shall be determined in good faith by the Board and/or Commit-tee.

(c)   “Option” means Nonqualified Stock Option.

(d)   “Option Price” means the purchase price per share of Common Stock deliverable upon the exercise of a Nonqualified Stock Option.

6.07.  Leaves of Absence.

The Board and/or Committee shall be entitled to make such rules, regulations and determina-tions as it deems appropriate under the Plan in respect of any leave of absence taken by the recipient of any award.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Board and/or Committee shall be entitled to determine (i) whether or not any such leave of absence shall constitute a termination of association within the meaning of the Plan and (ii) the impact, if any, of any such leave of absence on awards under the Plan theretofore made to any recipient who takes such leave of absence.

6.08.  Adjustments.

In the event of any change in the outstanding Common Stock by reason of a stock dividend or distribution, recapi-talization, merger, consolidation, split-up, combination, exchange of shares or the like, the Board and/or Committee shall appropri-ate-ly adjust the number of shares of Common Stock which may be issued under the Plan, the number of shares of Common Stock subject to Options theretofore granted under the Plan, the Option Price of Options theretofore granted under the Plan, the amount and terms of any Limited Rights theretofore awarded under the Plan, and any and all other matters deemed appropri-ate by the Board and/or Committee.
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6.9.  Amendment of the Plan.

(a)   The Board and/or Committee may, without further action by the Board of Directors and without receiving further consideration from the participants, amend this Plan or condition or modify awards under this Plan in response to changes in securities or other laws or rules, regulations or regulatory interpretations thereof applicable to this Plan or to comply with stock exchange rules or requirements.

(b)   The Board and/or Committee may at any time and from time to time terminate or modify or amend the Plan in any respect, except that without Board of Directors approval the Committee may not (i) increase the maximum number of shares of Common Stock which may be issued under the Plan (other than increases pursuant to Section 6.08), (ii) extend the period during which any award may be granted or exercised, or (iii) extend the term of the Plan.  The termination or any modification or amendment of the Plan, except as provided in subsection (a), shall not without the consent of a participant, affect his or her rights under an award previously granted to him or her.

6.10.  Disposition of Option Shares; Withholding Taxes.

Upon the exercise of any Nonqualified Stock Option, the Optionee shall pay to the Company, in cash, the amount of any taxes that are required by law to be withheld with respect to such event.  The Optionee shall notify the Company within ten (10) days of exercising all or any portion of the Nonqualified Stock Options, and shall pay to the Company the amount of taxes required to be withheld, within five (5) days of notification by the Company of the amount thereof.


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Exhibit 10.74
STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
Nonqualified Stock Option
Date of Grant: September 26, 2018


THIS STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT ("Agreement") is entered into by and between AMARILLO BIOSCIENCES, INC. ("ABI” or the “Company"), and the undersigned Optionee ("Optionee").

WHEREAS, ABI adopted, effective September 26. 2018, the Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Officers, Directors, Employees and Consultants Nonqualified Stock Option Plan, pursuant to which certain officers, directors, employees and consultants of ABI will be granted Options (the “Options”) to purchase voting Common Stock of ABI (the “Common Stock”); and further

WHEREAS, ABI and Optionee desire to enter into this Agreement to evidence a grant under the Plan and to set forth their mutual understanding with regard to Optionee’s participation in the Plan, and the terms of the Options granted thereunder to Optionee;

THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein expressed, and for other good and adequate consideration the receipt and sufficiency of which are evidenced by the execution hereof, ABI and Optionee hereby agree as follows:

I.

DEFINITIONS

Plan ” shall mean that certain Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Officers, Directors, Employees and Consultants Nonqualified Stock Option Plan adopted by the Board of Directors of ABI on September 26, 2018.

II.

THE AWARD

This Agreement shall evidence the grant and award to Optionee under the Plan of Options to purchase 376,000 shares of the voting Common Stock of ABI.  The grant was made to be and become effective as of September 26, 2018.  The Option Price is $.38 per share and was the closing price of the Common Stock on September 25, 2018.
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The Options are exercisable during a period of five (5) years from the date of grant and vest 20% annually, commencing one (1) year from date of grant.  The Options are exercisable in whole or in part or from time to time during the aforesaid term, provided, however, that in no event shall any such Option be exercisable at any time after the termination of Optionee’s association with the Company, except as provided in Sections 2.05, 2.06, and 2.07 of the Plan.

III.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

The Options and Limited Rights (if Limited Rights have been granted under Article II, above) are granted and received subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan, as well as any further terms and conditions set forth in the Resolution(s) granting the Options to Optionee.  A copy of the Plan and the adopting Resolution(s) are attached to this Agreement, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, and are made a part hereof as if fully set forth herein.  In the event of any conflict between this Agreement, the Plan, and/or the granting Resolution(s), the terms of the Plan and the granting Resolution(s) shall control.

IV.

SHARES NOT REGISTERED

Upon exercise of any of the Options by Optionee, shares of the Company shall be issued to Optionee subject to any applicable restrictions under federal or state securities laws, and regulations promulgated thereunder, and Optionee agrees to accept such shares subject to such restric-tions, and bearing any required or appropriate legends.  Rule 144 promulgated under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933 is currently available for qualifying resales of restricted shares; however, there is no assurance that the Common Stock will continue to qualify for resale pursuant to Rule 144, and Optionee is responsible for determining the availability of Rule 144, before relying thereon.

V.

TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The Company does not and will not render tax advice to Optionee.  Optionee represents that he will consult his own tax advisor with respect to the tax aspects of both the exercise of an Option and the disposition of shares acquired pursuant to exercise of an Option.  The Options are not qualified stock options within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and therefore the exercise of the Options may be expected to be a taxable event.
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VI.

NO RIGHT TO CONTINUED EMPLOYMENT

Optionee's participation in the Plan does not confer upon Optionee the right to continue in the employment of ABI, nor does it affect any right which ABI may have to terminate the employment of Optionee.  Neither the Option grant nor this Agreement are intended to vary the terms of any contract of employment between ABI and Optionee.  If Optionee does not presently have an employment contract with the Company, this Agreement shall not be construed as a contract of employment.  In the event of termination of Optionee’s employment with the Company for any reason, Optionee shall retain only those Options which shall have vested prior to such termination, and shall be entitled to exercise the vested Options after such termination during the time period set forth in the Plan.

VII.

NO RIGHTS AS A SHAREHOLDER

Optionee shall have no rights as a shareholder with respect to Option shares unless and until certificates evidencing such shares shall have been issued to Optionee.

VIII.

TAX WITHHOLDING

Upon the exercise of any of the Options, ABI shall have the right to require Optionee to pay to ABI the amount of any taxes that are required by law to be withheld with respect to such exercise.

IX.

ASSIGNABILITY

Although limited transferability is allowed under Article VI of the Plan, Optionee acknowledges that he is responsible for consulting with competent tax and securities counsel before transferring Options, and that it may be necessary to make appropriate disclosures to his transferee, regarding lack of marketability.  In addition, transfers of Options for value may cause Optionee to recognize taxable income.
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X.

ENTIRE AGREEMENT

This Stock Option Agreement is the only such agreement in force between ABI and Optionee, regarding Options granted under the Plan on the date of grant hereinbefore shown.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement is executed as of this _____ day of __________, 2018.


AMARILLO BIOSCIENCES, INC.


_________________________________
STEPHEN T. CHEN, PRESIDENT



OPTIONEE:


____________________________________


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Exhibit 10.75
STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
Employee Plan
Date of Grant: September 26, 2018


THIS STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT ("Agreement") is entered into by and between AMARILLO BIOSCIENCES, INC. ("ABI” or the “Company"), and the undersigned Optionee ("Optionee").

WHEREAS, ABI adopted, effective September 26. 2018, the Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Employee Stock Option Plan, pursuant to which certain employees of ABI will be granted Options (the “Options”) to purchase voting Common Stock of ABI (the “Common Stock”); and further

WHEREAS, ABI and Optionee desire to enter into this Agreement to evidence a grant under the Plan and to set forth their mutual understanding with regard to Optionee’s participation in the Plan, and the terms of the Options granted thereunder to Optionee;

THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein expressed, and for other good and adequate consideration the receipt and sufficiency of which are evidenced by the execution hereof, ABI and Optionee hereby agree as follows:

I.

DEFINITIONS

Plan ” shall mean that certain Amarillo Biosciences, Inc., 2018 Employee Stock Option Plan adopted by the Board of Directors of ABI on September 26, 2018.

II.

THE AWARD

This Agreement shall evidence the grant and award to Optionee under the Plan of Options to purchase 110,000 shares of the voting Common Stock of ABI.  The grant was made to be and become effective as of September 26, 2018.  The Option Price is $.38 per share and was the closing price of the Common Stock on September 25, 2018. The -Options are exercisable during a period of ten (10) years from the date of grant and vest 20% annually over five (5) years, commencing one (1) year from date of grant.  The Options are exercisable in whole or in part or from time to time during the aforesaid term, provided, however, that in no event shall any such Option be exercisable at any time after the termination of Optionee’s employment with the Company, except as provided in Sections 2.06, 2.07, and 2.08 of the Plan.
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III.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

The Options and Limited Rights (if Limited Rights have been granted under Article II, above) are granted and received subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan, as well as any further terms and conditions set forth in the Resolution(s) granting the Options to Optionee.  A copy of the Plan and the adopting Resolution(s) are attached to this Agreement, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, and are made a part hereof as if fully set forth herein.  In the event of any conflict between this Agreement, the Plan, and/or the granting Resolution(s), the terms of the Plan and the granting Resolution(s) shall control.

IV.

SHARES NOT REGISTERED

Upon exercise of any of the Options by Optionee, shares of the Company shall be issued to Optionee subject to any applicable restrictions under federal or state securities laws, and regulations promulgated thereunder, and Optionee agrees to accept such shares subject to such restric-tions, and bearing any required or appropriate legends.  Rule 144 promulgated under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933 is currently available for qualifying resales of restricted shares; however, there is no assurance that the Common Stock will continue to qualify for resale pursuant to Rule 144, and Optionee is responsible for determining the availability of Rule 144, before relying thereon.

V.

TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The Company does not and will not render tax advice to Optionee.  Optionee represents that he will consult his own tax advisor with respect to the tax aspects of both the exercise of an Option and the disposition of shares acquired pursuant to exercise of an Option.  The Options are not qualified stock options within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and will not be unless and until the Plan shall be approved by the shareholders, the Company on or before September 5, 2019. There is no assurance such approval will be timely obtained, and therefore the exercise of the Options may be expected to be a taxable event.
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VI.

NO RIGHT TO CONTINUED EMPLOYMENT

Optionee's participation in the Plan does not confer upon Optionee the right to continue in the employment of ABI, nor does it affect any right which ABI may have to terminate the employment of Optionee.  Neither the Option grant nor this Agreement are intended to vary the terms of any contract of employment between ABI and Optionee.  If Optionee does not presently have an employment contract with the Company, this Agreement shall not be construed as a contract of employment.  In the event of termination of Optionee’s employment with the Company for any reason, Optionee shall retain only those Options which shall have vested prior to such termination, or which shall have vested during an extended 90-day vesting period, as provided in Section 2.08 of the Plan, and shall be entitled to exercise the vested Options after such termination during the time period set forth in the Plan.

VII.

NO RIGHTS AS A SHAREHOLDER

Optionee shall have no rights as a shareholder with respect to Option shares unless and until certificates evidencing such shares shall have been issued to Optionee.

VIII.

TAX WITHHOLDING

Upon the exercise of any of the Options, ABI shall have the right to require Optionee to pay to ABI the amount of any taxes that are required by law to be withheld with respect to such exercise.

IX.

NON-ASSIGNABILITY

No options shall be assignable or transferable by Optionee except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. During the life of Optionee the options shall be exercisable only by Optionee or by Optionee’s guardian or legal representative.
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X.

ENTIRE AGREEMENT

This Stock Option Agreement is the only such agreement in force between ABI and Optionee, regarding Options granted under the Plan on the date of grant hereinbefore shown.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement is executed as of this _____ day of __________, 2018.


AMARILLO BIOSCIENCES, INC.


_________________________________
STEPHEN T. CHEN, PRESIDENT



OPTIONEE:


__________________________________



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