As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 17, 2017
No. 333-217036
 

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________
 
AMENDMENT NO. 1
TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
_______________
 
APRICUS BIOSCIENCES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 _______________
 
 
 
 
Nevada
2834
87-0449967
(State of Incorporation)
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
11975 El Camino Real, Suite 300
San Diego, California 92130
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
 ______________
Richard Pascoe
Chief Executive Officer & Secretary
Apricus Biosciences, Inc.
11975 El Camino Real, Suite 300
San Diego, California 92130
(858) 222-8041
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including, area code, of agent for service)
_______________
 
Copies to:
Cheston J. Larson, Esq.
Matthew T. Bush, Esq.
Anthony Gostanian, Esq.
Latham & Watkins LLP
12670 High Bluff Drive
San Diego, California 92130
(858) 523-5400
Joseph A. Smith, Esq.
Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP
1345 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10105
 (212) 370-1300
_______________
 
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box.   o




If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer
o
Accelerated filer
o
Non-accelerated filer
o   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
x

 
 
Emerging growth company
o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. o
  __________

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

Title of each class of securities to be registered (1)
Proposed maximum 
aggregate
offering price (1)            
Amount of
registration fee
 
Units consisting of:
 
 
 
(i) Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share (2)
$

$

 
(ii) Warrants to purchase Common Stock (3)
$

$

 
Underwriter's warrants to purchase Common Stock (3)
$

$

 
Common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants to purchase Common Stock (2)
$

$

 
Total
$
12,450,000

$
1,442.96

(4)  


(1)
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. Includes the offering price of additional units consisting of shares of Common Stock and warrants to purchase Common Stock that the underwriter has the option to purchase.
(2)
Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminable number of additional shares of common stock as may be issued after the date hereof as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.
(3)
No additional registration fee is payable pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act.
(4)
Registrant previously paid $799.71 of the registration fee.

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.



 

 





The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.


SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED APRIL 17, 2017
  PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
APRICUSLOGOA02.JPG
                                 $6,000,000 of Units
Consisting of One Share of Common Stock and
A Warrant to Purchase 0.75 of a Share of Common Stock
 _____________
We are offering $6,000,000 of units, consisting of one share of our common stock and a warrant to purchase 0.75 of a share of our common stock at an exercise price per share of common stock equal to $ . The shares of our common stock and the warrants that form part of the unit are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering.
We do not currently have a sufficient number of authorized shares of common stock to cover the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants being offered by this prospectus. As a result, before any warrants can become exercisable, we need to receive stockholder approval of an amendment to our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock to a total of 30,000,000 shares (the “Charter Amendment”) at our next annual meeting of stockholders on May 17, 2017. While our board of directors has unanimously recommended that stockholders approve the Charter Amendment and all current directors and executive officers are supportive of the Charter Amendment, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain requisite stockholder approval of the Charter Amendment. The warrants will be exercisable on any day on or after the date that we publicly announce through the filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K that the Charter Amendment has been approved by our stockholders and has become effective. The warrants will expire five years from the date the warrants are first exercisable.
Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “APRI.” On April 14, 2017 , the last reported sale price for our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market was $ 1.94  per share. There is no established public trading market for the warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for a listing of the warrants on any national securities exchange. The public offering price per unit will be determined between us and the underwriter at the time of pricing, and may be at a discount to the current market price of our common stock.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Please read “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4 of this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should consider before buying our securities.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
 _____________
 
 
Per Unit (1)
 
Total
Public offering price per unit
 
$
 
$
Underwriting discounts and commissions (2)
 
$
 
$
Proceeds, before expenses, to us
 
$
 
$
(1)
The public offering price and underwriting discount corresponds a public offering price per share of common stock of $ and a public offering price per warrant of $ .



The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.


(2)
In addition, we have agreed to (i) issue the underwriter warrants to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to 5% of the shares of common stock sold in this offering (excluding any shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants), (ii) pay a management fee of 1.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds in this offering to the underwriter and (iii) reimburse the underwriter for certain expenses. See “Underwriting” on page 10 of this prospectus for additional information.
The above summary of offering proceeds to us does not give effect to any exercise of the warrants being issued in this offering.
_______________
We have granted the underwriter an option for 30 days to purchase up to (i)             additional shares of common stock (15% of the shares of common stock issued in this offering) and/or (ii) additional warrants to purchase up to             additional shares of common stock (15% of the warrants issued in this offering), in any combination thereof, solely to cover overallotments. If the underwriter exercises the option in full, the total underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us will be $                  , and the total proceeds to us, before expenses, will be $             .
Delivery of the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus will be made on or about           , 2017.
_______________
Rodman & Renshaw
a unit of H.C. Wainwright & Co.
 
The date of this prospectus is , 2017







TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
No.
 
Prospectus Summary
Risk Factors
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Use of Proceeds
Dilution
Description of Capital Stock
Description of Securities We are Offering
Underwriting
Legal Matters
Experts
Where You Can Find Additional Information
Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference
_______________
You should rely only on the information that we have provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representation. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. You should assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front of this document and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, or any sale of a security registered under the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the heading “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
For investors outside the United States: No action is being taken in any jurisdiction outside of the United States that would permit a public offering of the units or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any such jurisdiction. Persons outside of the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the units and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.
As used in this prospectus, unless the context indicates or otherwise requires, the “Company,” “we,” “us,”, “our” or “Apricus” refer to Apricus Biosciences, Inc., a Nevada corporation, and its subsidiaries.  
Vitaros is our trademark in the United States, which is pending registration and subject to our agreement with Warner Chilcott Company, Inc., now a subsidiary of Allergan plc, or Allergan. Vitaros ® is a registered trademark of Ferring International Center S.A, or Ferring in certain countries outside of the United States. In addition, we own trademarks for NexACT ® and RayVa . All other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks and tradenames referred to in this prospectus appear without the ® and symbols, but those references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or that the applicable owner will not assert its rights, to these trademarks and tradenames.







PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary does not contain all of the information that should be considered before investing in our securities. Investors should carefully read this prospectus, and the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, including the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, in their entirety before investing in our common stock, including the information discussed under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus.
Our Company
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of innovative product candidates in the areas of urology and rheumatology. We have two product candidates currently in development. Vitaros is a product candidate in the United States under development for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, or ED, which we in-licensed from Warner Chilcott Company, Inc., now a subsidiary of Allergan. RayVa is our product candidate in Phase 2 development for the treatment of Raynaud’s Phenomenon, secondary to scleroderma, for which we own worldwide rights.
On March 8, 2017, we entered into an asset purchase agreement, or the Ferring Asset Purchase Agreement, with Ferring International Center S.A., or Ferring, pursuant to which we sold to Ferring our assets and rights related to Vitaros outside of the United States for approximately $11.5 million. In addition to the upfront payment received, Ferring will pay us up to $0.7 million for the delivery of certain product-related inventory. We are also eligible to receive two additional quarterly payments totaling $0.5 million related to transition services, subject to certain limitations. We used approximately $6.6 million of the proceeds from the sale to repay all outstanding amounts due and owed, including applicable termination fees, under our Loan and Security Agreement with Oxford Finance LLC and Silicon Valley Bank.
Growth Strategy
To develop and commercialize our proprietary product candidates, through these primary initiatives:
Resubmit the new drug application, or NDA, for Vitaros, and if approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, commercialize Vitaros in the United States
We are pursuing U.S. regulatory approval for Vitaros. Our plan is to re-submit the NDA for Vitaros in the United States during the third quarter of 2017. If the NDA is approved by the FDA following resubmission, Allergan has a one-time opt-in right to assume all future commercialization activities for Vitaros in the United States. If Allergan exercises its opt-in right, we may receive up to a total of $25 million in upfront and potential launch milestone payments, plus a double-digit royalty on net sales of Vitaros. If Allergan elects not to exercise its opt-in right, we expect to commercialize Vitaros, either through an internally built commercial organization, a contract sales force or by partnering with a pharmaceutical company with established sales and marketing capabilities.
Develop, seek regulatory approval for and generate revenue through proprietary products developed in-house or acquired from third-parties
Our product candidate for the treatment of Raynaud’s Phenomenon secondary to scleroderma, RayVa, is currently in Phase 2 development. We completed and reported top-line data on the Phase 2a clinical trial for RayVa and we believe the data, coupled with previously generated non-clinical data, supports moving RayVa forward into future clinical trials designed to evaluate symptomatic effects in subjects with Raynaud’s secondary to scleroderma.
We also continue to explore business development opportunities whereby we may acquire from third parties certain products in development that complement our existing portfolio.
For more information regarding our business, see the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business”, as well as our audited financial statements and the related notes, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
Financial Update
As of March 31, 2017, we had approximately $3.8 million in cash and cash equivalents. This amount is preliminary, has not been audited and is subject to change upon completion of our review of our unaudited consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Our financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2017 will not be available until after this offering is completed, and consequently will not be available to you prior to investing in this offering.



1





Risks Associated with Our Business
Our business and ability to execute our business strategy are subject to a number of risks of which you should be aware before you decide to buy our securities. In particular, you should consider the risks discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus, as well as the risks discussed in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Corporate Information
Apricus is a Nevada corporation that was initially formed in 1987. Our principal executive offices are located at 11975 El Camino Real, Suite 300, San Diego, California 92130, and the telephone number at our principal executive office is (858) 222-8041. Our website address is http://www.apricusbio.com. We have not incorporated by reference into this prospectus the information on our website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this document.
We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and have elected to take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosure available for smaller reporting companies in this prospectus as well as our filings under the Exchange Act.



2





The Offering

Units offered by us
We are offering $6,000,000 of units. Each unit will consist of one share of our common stock and warrants to purchase 0.75 of a share of our common stock. The units will not be certificated and the shares of our common stock and the related warrant are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering.
This prospectus also relates to the offering of shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants that are part of the unit.
Assuming no exercise of the underwriter’s option to purchase additional shares and/or warrants and that we sell all $6,000,000 of units being offered in this offering at a public offering price of $1.94 per unit, which was the reported closing price of our common stock on April 14, 2017 , we would issue in this offering an aggregate of 3,092,784 shares of our common stock and warrants exercisable for up to 2,319,588 shares of our common stock, following stockholder approval as described below. A $0.10 increase in the assumed public offering price per unit would decrease the number of shares of common stock issuable in this offering by 151,608 shares of common stock. A $0.10 decrease in the assumed public offering price per unit would increase the number of shares of common stock issuable in this offering by 168,086 shares of common stock.
If the underwriter exercises its option in full to purchase additional shares and/or warrants and that we sell an aggregate of $6,900,000 of units at an assumed public offering price of $1.94 per unit, the reported closing price of our common stock on April 14, 2017 , we would issue in this offering an aggregate of 3,556,701 shares of our common stock.
Warrants
Each warrant included in the units will have an exercise price per share equal to $ and will expire five years from the date the warrants are first exercisable.

We do not currently have a sufficient number of authorized shares of common stock to cover the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants being offered by this prospectus. As a result, before any warrants can become exercisable, we need to receive stockholder approval of the Charter Amendment to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock to a total of 30,000,000 shares at our next annual meeting of stockholders on May 17, 2017. The warrants will be exercisable on any day on or after the date that we publicly announce through the filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K that the Charter Amendment has been approved by our stockholders and has become effective.

There is no established public trading market for the warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for a listing of the warrants on any national securities exchange or any other trading system.

Common stock to be outstanding after this
offering
10,834,566 shares of common stock, assuming a public offering price of $1.94 per unit, which was the last reported closing price of our common stock on April 14, 2017

Option to purchase additional units
The underwriter has an option for a period of 30 days to purchase additional shares of common stock equal to 15% of the shares in the offering and/or additional warrants equal to 15% of the warrants in the offering, in any combination thereof, at the public offering price per share of common stock and the public offering price per warrant set forth on the cover page hereto less the underwriting discounts and commission.


3




Use of proceeds
We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $5,210,000 , or approximately $6,110,000 if the underwriter exercises its option to purchase additional shares and/or warrants in full, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the warrants offered hereby. We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to fund activities in connection with our planned re-submission of our NDA for Vitaros to the FDA and for general corporate purposes and working capital. See “Use of Proceeds” for a more complete description of the intended use of proceeds from this offering.
  Risk factors
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk and purchasers may lose their entire investment. You should read the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus for a discussion of certain factors to consider carefully before deciding to purchase any shares of our common stock.
NASDAQ Capital Market symbol
APRI
The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 7,733,205 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2016, and excludes:
414,865 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options as of December 31, 2016, at a weighted average exercise price of $17.23 per share;
115,115 shares of common stock subject to restricted stock unit awards outstanding as of December 31, 2016;
80,386 shares of common stock that have been reserved for issuance as of December 31, 2016 in connection with future grants under our stock option plans;
2,317,846 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants as of December 31, 2016, at a weighted average exercise price of $15.19 per share;
8,577 shares of common stock that have been issued since December 31, 2016;
the shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants offered hereby; and
the shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants being issued to the underwriter in connection with this offering.
Unless otherwise indicated, all information contained in this prospectus, and the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2016, assumes no exercise of the outstanding options and warrants described above and no exercise by the underwriter of its option to purchase additional shares and/or warrants.










RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below and discussed under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as any amendment or updates to our risk factors reflected in subsequent filings under the Exchange Act, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, together with other information in this prospectus and the information and documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. The trading price of our securities could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment. This prospectus and the incorporated documents also contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks mentioned elsewhere in this prospectus.
Risks Related to this Offering
The purchasers in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of the common stock it purchases in this offering.
Since the combined public offering price per unit being offered is substantially higher than the net tangible book deficit per share of our common stock outstanding prior to this offering, the purchasers in this offering will suffer substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of the common stock they purchase in this offering. Based on the assumed public offering price of $1.94 per unit, which is the last reported sale price for our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market on April 14, 2017 , the purchasers will suffer immediate and substantial dilution of $2.15 per share of common stock, representing the difference in the as adjusted net tangible book value (deficit) per share of our common stock as of December 31, 2016 after giving effect to this offering. See the section entitled “Dilution” below for a more detailed discussion of the dilution the investor will incur if it purchases our securities in this offering.
Management will have broad discretion as to the use of the proceeds from this offering, and we may not use the proceeds effectively.
Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the proceeds from this offering, and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common stock. Our failure to apply these funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business and cause the price of our common stock to decline.
In addition to potential dilution associated with future fundraising transactions, we currently have significant numbers of securities outstanding that are exercisable for our common stock, which could result in significant additional dilution and downward pressure on our stock price.
As of December 31, 2016, there were 7,733,205 shares of our common stock outstanding. In addition, as of December 31, 2016, there were outstanding stock options, restricted stock units and warrants representing the potential issuance of an additional 2,847,826 shares of our common stock, which does not include the potential issuance of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants to be issued in this offering and the warrants to be issued to the underwriter in connection with this offering. The issuance of these shares in the future would result in significant dilution to our current stockholders and could adversely affect the price of our common stock and the terms on which we could raise additional capital. In addition, the issuance and subsequent trading of shares could cause the supply of our common stock available for purchase in the market to exceed the purchase demand for our common stock. Such supply in excess of demand could cause the per-share market price of our common stock to decline.
 
Future sales of a significant number of our shares of common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress the per-share market price of our shares of common stock.
Sales of a substantial number of our shares of common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress the per-share market price of our shares of common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. A substantial number of shares of common stock are being offered by this prospectus, and we cannot predict if and when the purchasers may sell such shares in the public markets. In addition, we cannot predict the number of these shares that might be sold nor the effect that future sales of our shares of common stock would have on the per-share market price of our shares of common stock.

5




There is no public market for the warrants being offered in this offering.
There is no established public trading market for the warrants being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply to list the warrants on any securities exchange or trading system, including the NASDAQ Capital Market. Without an active market, the liquidity of the warrants will be limited.
Holders of warrants purchased in this offering will have no rights as stockholders until such holders exercise their warrants and acquire our common stock.
Until holders of warrants acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of the warrants, holders of warrants will have no rights with respect to the shares of our common stock underlying such warrants. Upon exercise of the warrants, the holders will be entitled to exercise the rights of a stockholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.
The warrants included in this offering may not have any value.
We do not currently have a sufficient number of authorized shares of common stock to cover the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants being offered by this prospectus. As a result, before any warrants can become exercisable, we need to receive stockholder approval of an amendment to our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock to a total of 30,000,000 shares (the “Charter Amendment”) at our next annual meeting of stockholders on May 17, 2017. While our board of directors has unanimously recommended that stockholders approve the Charter Amendment and all current directors and executive officers are supportive of the Charter Amendment, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain requisite stockholder approval of the Charter Amendment. The warrants will be exercisable on any day on or after the date that we publicly announce through the filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K that the Charter Amendment has been approved by our stockholders and has become effective. The warrants will expire five years from the date the warrants are first exercisable.
In the event our stockholders do not approve the Charter Amendment, the warrants will not be exercisable and will not have any value. Further, if our common stock price does not exceed the exercise price of the warrants during the period when the warrants are exercisable, the warrants may not have any value.



6




SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein are forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, prospective products, product approvals, research and development costs, timing and likelihood of success, plans and objectives of management for future operations and future results of anticipated products. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein also contain estimates and other statistical data made by independent parties and by us relating to market size and growth and other data about our industry. This data involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. In addition, projections, assumptions and estimates of our future performance and the future performance of the markets in which we operate are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk.
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These forward- looking statements speak only as of the date of this this prospectus and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, which we discuss in greater detail in the documents incorporated by reference herein, including under the heading “Risk Factors.” The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus or the documents incorporated by reference herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise. For all forward-looking statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.


7




USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering will be approximately $5,210,000 (or approximately $6,110,000 if the underwriter’s option to purchase additional shares and/or warrants is exercised in full), based upon the assumed public offering price of $1.94 per unit, which is the last reported sale price for our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market on  April 14, 2017 , after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the warrants issued pursuant to this offering.
A $0.10 increase or decrease in the assumed public offering price of $1.94 per unit would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by $0.3 million , assuming the number of units offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are offering. An increase or decrease of 500,000 units in the number of units offered by us would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $0.9 million , assuming that the public offering price stays the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
The principal purpose of this offering is to obtain additional capital to support our operations. We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to fund activities in connection with our planned re-submission of our NDA for Vitaros to the FDA and for general corporate purposes and working capital.
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with the net proceeds from this offering, will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. The amounts and timing of these expenditures are primarily driven by the necessary development efforts required for the Vitaros NDA re-submission, as well as the cash used in our operations. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses of the proceeds from this offering. Accordingly, we will retain broad discretion over the use of such proceeds. Pending the uses described above, we may invest the net proceeds in cash and cash equivalents, including short-term, interest-bearing, investment-grade securities.


 


8




DILUTION
Investors purchasing units, which includes shares of our common stock, in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the as adjusted net tangible book value of their shares of common stock. Dilution per share represents the difference between the public offering price per unit and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after the offering.
Our net tangible book deficit as of December 31, 2016 was approximately $7,516,000, or $(0.97) per share of common stock. Net tangible book value (deficit) per share of common stock is calculated by subtracting our total liabilities from our total tangible assets, which is total assets less intangible assets, and dividing this amount by the number of shares of common stock outstanding.
After giving effect to our sale of $6,000,000 of units in this offering, at an assumed public offering price of $1.94  per share, which is the last reported sale price for our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market on April 14, 2017 , and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book deficit as of December 31, 2016 would have been approximately $2.3 million , or $0.21 per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $0.76 per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $2.15 per share to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering.
The following table illustrates this dilution on a per-share basis:
Assumed public offering price per unit
  
 
 
$
1.94

Historical net tangible book deficit per share as of December 31, 2016
  
$
(0.97
)
 
 
Increase per share attributable to new investors purchasing shares in this offering
  
0.76

  
 
As adjusted net tangible book deficit per share after giving effect to this offering
  
 
 
$
(0.21
)
Dilution per share to new investors participating in this offering
  
 
 
$
2.15

Each $0.10 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $1.94 per unit, which is the last reported sale price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market on April 14, 2017 , would increase (decrease) our as adjusted net tangible book value by $0.03 per share and the dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering by $0.08 per share, assuming the number of units offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
We may also increase or decrease the number of units we are offering. An increase of 500,000 units in the number of units offered by us would increase our as adjusted net tangible book value by $0.05 per share and decrease the dilution to new investors in this offering by approximately $0.09  per share, assuming that the assumed public offering price remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us. Similarly, a decrease of 500,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us would decrease our as adjusted net tangible book value by $0.06 per share and increase the dilution to new investors in this offering by approximately $0.10 per share, assuming that the public offering price remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us.
If the underwriter exercises its option in full to purchase additional shares of common stock equal to 15% of the shares in the offering and/or additional warrants equal to 15% of the warrants in the offering, in any combination thereof, at the public offering price per share of common stock and the public offering price per warrant set forth on the cover page hereto in this offering, the as adjusted net tangible book value per share after the offering would be $0.12 per share, the increase in the net tangible value per share to existing stockholders would be $0.85 per share and the dilution to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering would be $2.06 per share.

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The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 7,733,205 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2016, and excludes:
414,865 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options as of December 31, 2016, at a weighted average exercise price of $17.23 per share;
115,115 shares of common stock subject to restricted stock unit awards outstanding as of December 31, 2016;
80,386 shares of common stock that have been reserved for issuance as of December 31, 2016 in connection with future grants under our stock option plans;
2,317,846 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants as of December 31, 2016, at a weighted average exercise price of $15.19 per share;
8,577 shares of common stock that have been issued since December 31, 2016;
the shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants offered hereby; and
the shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants being issued to the underwriter in connection with this offering.
To the extent that outstanding exercisable options or warrants are exercised, you may experience further dilution. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations, even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent that we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities or convertible debt, your ownership will be further diluted.

 
 




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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following description of our capital stock is not complete and may not contain all the information you should consider before investing in our capital stock. This description is summarized from, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, our amended and restated articles of incorporation, as amended, which have been publicly filed with the SEC. See “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference.”
Our authorized capital stock consists of:
15,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value; and
10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value.
Common Stock
As of December 31, 2016, there were 7,733,205 shares of our common stock outstanding. Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share for the election of directors and on all other matters that require stockholder approval. Holders of shares of common stock do not have any cumulative voting rights. Subject to any preferential rights of any outstanding preferred stock, in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in the assets remaining after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any outstanding preferred stock. Our common stock does not carry any redemption rights or any preemptive or preferential rights enabling a holder to subscribe for, or receive shares of, any class of our common stock or any other securities convertible into shares of any class of our common stock.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Wells Fargo Shareowner Services.
Preferred Stock
We currently have no outstanding shares of preferred stock. Under our amended and restated articles of incorporation, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by stockholders, to designate one or more series of preferred stock and to fix the voting powers, designations, preferences, limitations, restrictions and relative rights granted to or imposed upon the preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption, liquidation preference and sinking fund terms, any or all of which may be preferential to or greater than the rights of the common stock. Of our authorized preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares have been designated as Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, 800 shares have been designated as Series B 8% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, 600 shares have been designated as Series C 6% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock. We have withdrawn the certificate of designation pursuant to which 50,000 shares had been designated as Series D Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock.
Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of the common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in our control and may adversely affect the market price of the common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of common stock.
Warrants
As of April 14, 2017 , there were outstanding warrants to purchase 2,070,932 shares of our common stock.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Nevada Law and Provisions of our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws
Certain provisions of Nevada law and our amended and restated articles of incorporation and fourth amended and restated bylaws could make the following more difficult:
acquisition of us by means of a tender offer; 
acquisition of us by means of a proxy contest or otherwise; or 
removal of our incumbent officers and directors. 
These provisions, summarized below, could have the effect of discouraging certain types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions may also encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors.

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Classified Board.  Our amended and restated articles of incorporation provide that our board of directors is to be divided into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible, with directors in each class serving three-year terms. This provision may have the effect of delaying or discouraging an acquisition of us or a change in our management.
Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals . Our amended and restated bylaws establish advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of the board of directors.
Special Meetings of the Stockholders.  Our amended and restated bylaws provide that special meetings of the stockholders may be called by our Chair of the Board or our President, or by our board of directors acting pursuant to a resolution adopted by the total number of authorized directors, whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships.
No Cumulative Voting.  Our amended and restated articles of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws do not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors.
Undesignated Preferred Stock . The authorization of undesignated preferred stock in our amended and restated articles of incorporation makes it possible for our board of directors to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change control of the company. These and other provisions may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management of the company.
In addition, the Nevada Revised Statutes contain provisions governing the acquisition of a controlling interest in certain Nevada corporations. Nevada’s “acquisition of controlling interest” statutes (NRS 78.378 through 78.3793, inclusive) contain provisions governing the acquisition of a controlling interest in certain Nevada corporations. These “control share” laws provide generally that any person that acquires a “controlling interest” in certain Nevada corporations may be denied voting rights, unless a majority of the disinterested stockholders of the corporation elects to restore such voting rights. These laws will apply to us if we were to have 200 or more stockholders of record (at least 100 of whom have addresses in Nevada appearing on our stock ledger) and do business in the State of Nevada directly or through an affiliated corporation, unless our articles of incorporation or bylaws in effect on the tenth day after the acquisition of a controlling interest provide otherwise. These laws provide that a person acquires a “controlling interest” whenever a person acquires shares of a subject corporation that, but for the application of these provisions of the NRS, would enable that person to exercise (1) one-fifth or more, but less than one-third, (2) one-third or more, but less than a majority or (3) a majority or more, of all of the voting power of the corporation in the election of directors. Once an acquirer crosses one of these thresholds, shares which it acquired in the transaction taking it over the threshold and within the 90 days immediately preceding the date when the acquiring person acquired or offered to acquire a controlling interest become “control shares” to which the voting restrictions described above apply. These laws may have a chilling effect on certain transactions if our amended and restated articles of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws are not amended to provide that these provisions do not apply to us or to an acquisition of a controlling interest, or if our disinterested stockholders do not confer voting rights in the control shares.
Nevada’s “combinations with interested stockholders” statutes (NRS 78.411 through 78.444, inclusive) provide that specified types of business “combinations” between certain Nevada corporations and any person deemed to be an “interested stockholder” of the corporation are prohibited for two years after such person first becomes an “interested stockholder” unless the corporation’s board of directors approves the combination (or the transaction by which such person becomes an “interested stockholder”) in advance, or unless the combination is approved by the board of directors and sixty percent of the corporation’s voting power not beneficially owned by the interested stockholder, its affiliates and associates. Furthermore, in the absence of prior approval certain restrictions may apply even after such two-year period. For purposes of these statutes, an “interested stockholder” is any person who is (1) the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the voting power of the outstanding voting shares of the corporation, or (2) an affiliate or associate of the corporation and at any time within the two previous years was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the voting power of the then-outstanding shares of the corporation. The definition of the term “combination” is sufficiently broad to cover most significant transactions between a corporation and an “interested stockholder”. These laws generally apply to Nevada corporations with 200 or more stockholders of record. However, a Nevada corporation may elect in its articles of incorporation not to be governed by these particular laws, but if such election is not made in the corporation’s original articles of incorporation, the amendment (1) must be approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of stock representing a majority of the outstanding voting power of the corporation not beneficially owned by interested stockholders or their affiliates and associates, and (2) is not effective until 18 months after the vote approving the amendment and does not apply to any combination with a person who first became an interested stockholder on or before the effective date of the amendment. We have not made such an election in our original articles of incorporation or in our amended and restated articles of incorporation.
Nevada law also provides that directors may resist a change or potential change in control if the directors determine that the change is opposed to, or not in the best interest of, the corporation.


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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING
We are offering $6,000,000 of units. The units consist of one share of our common stock and a warrant to purchase 0.75 of a share of our common stock at an assumed exercise price of $ 1.94 , based on an assumed offering price per unit of $ 1.94 , which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on April 14, 2017 . The shares of common stock and related warrant forming a unit are each immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering.
Common Stock
 The material terms and provisions of our common stock and each other class of our securities which qualifies or limits our common stock are described under the caption “Description of Capital Stock” in this prospectus.
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock
The material terms of the warrants to be issued are summarized below. This summary does not purport to be complete in all respects. This description is subject to and qualified entirely by the terms of the form of warrant filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
The warrants to be issued with each unit will have an exercise price per share equal to 100% of the public offering price of the units, or $ 1.94 per share, based on an assumed offering price of $ 1.94 per unit, which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on April 14, 2017 .
We do not currently have a sufficient number of authorized shares of common stock to cover the shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants being offered by this prospectus. As a result, before any warrants can become exercisable, we need to receive stockholder approval of the Charter Amendment at our next annual meeting of stockholders on May 17, 2017. While our board of directors has unanimously recommended that stockholders approve the Charter Amendment and all current directors and executive officers are supportive of the Charter Amendment, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain requisite stockholder approval of the Charter Amendment. The warrants will be exercisable on any day on or after the date that we publicly announce through the filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K that the Charter Amendment has been approved by our stockholders and has become effective. The warrants will expire five years from the date the warrants are first exercisable.
The warrants may not be exercised by the holder to the extent that the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own, after such exercise more than 4.99% (or, at the election of investor prior to issuance of any warrants, 9.99%) of the shares of our common stock then outstanding (subject to the right of the holder to increase or decrease such beneficial ownership limitation upon notice to us, provided that such limitation cannot exceed 9.99%) and provided that any increase in the beneficial ownership limitation shall not be effective until 61 days after such notice is delivered.
The warrants are exercisable for cash or, solely in the absence of an effective registration statement or prospectus registering the issuance of shares of our common stock upon exercise of the warrants, by cashless exercise. This registration statement registers the shares of our common stock upon exercise of the warrants and we anticipate this registration statement will be effective during the exercise period.
The exercise price of the warrants is subject to adjustment in the case of stock dividends or other distributions on shares of common stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of common stock, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our common stock, and also, subject to limitations, upon any distribution of assets, including cash, stock or other property to our stockholders.
Prior to the exercise, holders of the warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the common stock purchasable upon exercise, including voting rights; however, the holders of the warrants will have certain rights to participate in distributions or dividends paid on our common stock to the extent set forth in the warrants.
If we effect a fundamental transaction, then upon any subsequent exercise of any warrants, the holder thereof shall have the right to receive, for each share of common stock that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such fundamental transaction, the number of shares of the successor’s or acquiring corporation’s common stock or of our common stock, if we are the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration receivable as a result of such fundamental transaction by a holder of the number of shares of common stock into which the warrants were exercisable immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. A fundamental transaction means: (i) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, (ii) any sale of all or substantially all of our assets in one transaction or a series of related transactions, (iii) any tender offer or exchange offer allowing holders of our common stock to tender or exchange their shares for cash, property or securities, and has been

13




accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding common stock (iv) any reclassification of our common stock or any compulsory share exchange by which common stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) consummation of a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination with another person whereby such other person acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of common stock.
The number of shares of our common stock exercisable, the exercise price or the exercise period of the warrants may not be amended without the written consent of the holder of such warrant.
We do not plan on applying to list the warrants on the NASDAQ Capital Market, any other national securities exchange or any other trading system.

UNDERWRITING

We have entered into an underwriting agreement dated              , 2017, with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC as the sole book-running manager of this offering. The underwriting agreement provides for the purchase of  $6,000,000 of units, with each unit consisting of one share of common stock and a warrant to purchase 0.75 of shares of our common stock. Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, we have agreed to sell to the underwriter and the underwriter has agreed to purchase from us, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commission set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the number of our units set forth opposite its name below.
Underwriter
 
Number of Shares
H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC
 
 
                  
 
 
                  
 
 
Total
 
 

A copy of the underwriting agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The units we are offering are being offered by the underwriter subject to certain conditions specified in the underwriting agreement.
We have been advised by the underwriter that it proposes to offer the units directly to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. Any units sold by the underwriter to securities dealers will be sold at the public offering price less a selling concession not in excess of $           per unit.
The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriter’s obligation to purchase the securities we are offering is subject to conditions contained in the underwriting agreement. The underwriter is obligated to purchase and pay for all of the units offered by this prospectus.
No action has been taken by us or the underwriter that would permit a public offering of the units in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. None of the units included in this offering may be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sales of any of the units be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons who receive this prospectus are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering of the common stock and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus is neither an offer to sell nor a solicitation of any offer to buy the common stock in any jurisdiction where that would not be permitted or legal.
The underwriter has advised us that it does not intend to confirm sales to any accounts over which it exercises discretionary authority.
Underwriting Discounts, Commissions and Expenses
The following table shows the public offering price, underwriting discounts and commissions and proceeds, before expenses to us. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriter’s option to purchase additional shares and/or warrants.

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Total
 
 
Per Unit (1)
 
Without Option Exercise
 
With Option Exercise
Assumed public offering price (2)
 
$
1.94

 
$
6,000,000

 
$
6,900,000

Underwriting discounts and commissions
 
 

 
$
420,000

 
$
420,000

Proceeds, before expenses, to us
 
 

 
$
5,580,000

 
$
6,480,000

(1)
The public offering price and underwriting discount corresponds to a public offering price per share of common stock of $            and a public offering price per warrant of $            .
(2)
The assumed public offering price is equal to the last reported closing price of our common stock on April 14, 2017.

We estimate the total expenses payable by us for this offering to be approximately $790,000 , which amount includes (i) the underwriting discount of $420,000 , (ii) a management fee equal to 1.0% of the gross proceeds raised in this offering, (iii) $35,000 non-accountable expense allowance payable to the underwriter, (iii) reimbursement of the accountable expenses of the underwriter equal to $75,000 (none of which has been paid in advance), including the legal fees of the underwriter being paid by us, and (iv) other estimated expenses of approximately $200,000  which include legal, accounting, printing costs and various fees associated with the registration and listing of our shares.
Underwriter Warrants
We have agreed to issue to the underwriter warrants to purchase a number of shares of our common stock equal to 5% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold in this offering, (but not with respect to any shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants in this offering). The underwriter warrants will have substantially the same terms as the warrants being sold concurrently to the investors in this offering, except that the underwriter warrants will have a term of no greater than five years from the effective date of this prospectus supplement and an exercise price per share equal to 125% of the public offering price for shares sold in this offering. Pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(g), the underwriter warrants and any shares issued upon exercise of the underwriter warrants shall not be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged, or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the securities by any person for a period of 180 days immediately following the date of effectiveness or commencement of sales of this offering, except the transfer of any security: (i) by operation of law or by reason of our reorganization; (ii) to any FINRA member firm participating in the offering and the officers or partners thereof, if all securities so transferred remain subject to the lock-up restriction set forth above for the remainder of the time period; (iii) if the aggregate amount of our securities held by the placement agent or related persons do not exceed 1% of the securities being offered; (iv) that is beneficially owned on a pro rata basis by all equity owners of an investment fund, provided that no participating member manages or otherwise directs investments by the fund and the participating members in the aggregate do not own more than 10% of the equity in the fund; or (v) the exercise or conversion of any security, if all securities remain subject to the lock-up restriction set forth above for the remainder of the time period.
Right of First Refusal
We granted the underwriter, for a period of 12 months from the date of commencement of sales under this offering, a right of first refusal to act as sole book-running manager for each and every future public equity offering by us or any of our successors or subsidiaries and a six-month tail fee equal to the cash compensation percentage in this offering. We have also agreed to a tail fee equal to the cash and warrant compensation in this offering if any investor to which the underwriter introduced us with respect to this offering during the term of its engagement provides us with further capital in a public or private offering or capital raising transaction, with certain exceptions, during the 6-month period following termination of our engagement of the underwriter.
Option to Purchase Additional Shares and/or Warrants
We have granted to the underwriter an option, exercisable not later than 30 days after the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to a number of additional shares of common stock and/or warrants equal to 15% of the number of shares of common stock sold in the offering (but excluding any shares of common stock underlying the warrants issued in the offering) and/or 15% of the warrants sold in the offering, in any combination thereof, at the public offering price per share of common stock and the public offering price per warrant set forth on the cover page hereto less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriters may exercise the option solely to cover overallotments, if any, made in connection with this offering. If any additional shares of common stock and/or warrants are purchased pursuant to such option, the underwriter will offer these shares of common stock and/or warrants on the same terms as those on which the other securities are being offered.
NASDAQ Capital Market Listing

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Our stock is currently traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “APRI.” On April 14, 2017 , the closing price of our common stock was $1.94 per share.
Lock-up Agreements
Our officers and directors have agreed with the underwriter to be subject to a lock-up period of 90 days following the date of this prospectus. This means that, during the applicable lock-up period, such persons may not offer for sale, contract to sell, sell, distribute, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, shares of our common stock. Certain limited transfers are permitted during the lock-up period if the transferee agrees to these lock-up restrictions. We have also agreed, in the underwriting agreement, to similar lock-up restrictions on the issuance and sale of our securities for 90 days following the closing of this offering, although we will be permitted to issue stock options or stock awards to directors, officers, employees and consultants under our existing plans. The underwriter may, in its sole discretion and without notice, waive the terms of any of these lock-up agreements.
Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids
The underwriter may engage in syndicate covering transactions, stabilizing transactions and penalty bids or purchases for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of our common stock:
Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. Such a naked short position would be closed out by buying securities in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriter is concerned that there could be downward pressure on the price of the securities in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering.
Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specific maximum.
Penalty bids permit the underwriter to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the securities originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions.

These syndicate covering transactions, stabilizing transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market prices of our securities or preventing or retarding a decline in the market prices of our securities. As a result, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. Neither we nor the underwriter make any representation or prediction as to the effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our common stock. These transactions may be effected on The NASDAQ Capital Market, in the over-the-counter market or on any other trading market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
In connection with this offering, the underwriter also may engage in passive market making transactions in our common stock in accordance with Regulation M during a period before the commencement of offers or sales of shares of our common stock in this offering and extending through the completion of the distribution. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for that security. However, if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid that bid must then be lowered when specific purchase limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
Neither we nor the underwriter make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the prices of our securities. In addition, neither we nor the underwriter make any representation that the underwriter will engage in these transactions or that any transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.
Indemnification
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriter against certain liabilities, including certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments that the underwriter may be required to make for these liabilities.
Other Relationships

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The underwriter and its respective affiliates have engaged in, and may in the future engage in, investment banking and other commercial dealings in the ordinary course of business with us or our affiliates. The underwriter has received, or may in the future receive, customary fees and commissions for these transactions. The underwriter in this offering acted as our exclusive placement agent for a securities offering we consummated in September 2016, pursuant to which it received compensation, including warrants to purchase our shares of common stock.









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LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters will be passed upon for us by Latham & Watkins LLP, San Diego, California, and for the underwriter by Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, New York, New York. Certain matters of Nevada law will be passed upon by Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP.

EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and for the years then ended incorporated by reference in this prospectus have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm (the report on the financial statements contains an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern), given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the units being offered by this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and its exhibits. For further information with respect to us and the common stock offered by this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement and its exhibits. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or any other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and in each instance, we refer you to the copy of the contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. Each of these statements is qualified in all respects by this reference. You may read and copy any document that we file at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, on official business days during the hours of 10:00 am and 3:00 pm. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the Public Reference Room. All filings we make with the SEC are also available on the SEC’s web site at http://www.sec.gov. You may also request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing us at 11975 El Camino Real, Suite 300, San Diego, California 92130 or telephoning us at (858) 222-8041.
We are subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and we will file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, proxy statements and other information are available for inspection and copying at the public reference room and website of the SEC referred to above. We maintain a website at http://www.apricusbio.com. You may access our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act with the SEC free of charge at our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. We have not incorporated by reference into this prospectus the information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this document.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC’s rules allow us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, and subsequent information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede that information. Any statement contained in a previously filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus modifies or replaces that statement.
We incorporate by reference our documents listed below and any future filings made by us with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the “Exchange Act” in this prospectus, between the date of this prospectus and the termination of the offering of the securities described in this prospectus. We are not, however, incorporating by reference any documents or portions thereof, whether specifically listed below or filed in the future, that are not deemed “filed” with the SEC, including our Compensation Committee report and performance graph or any information furnished pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or related exhibits furnished pursuant to Item 9.01 of Form 8-K.
This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement incorporate by reference the documents set forth below that have previously been filed with the SEC:
 
(1)
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on March 13, 2017;
 

18




(2)
Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 9, 2017 and March 8, 2017; and
(3)
Our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 13, 2017.
All reports and other documents we subsequently file pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior to the termination of this offering, including all such documents we may file with the SEC after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, but excluding any information furnished to, rather than filed with, the SEC, will also be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and deemed to be part of this prospectus from the date of the filing of such reports and documents.
You may request a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus (other than exhibits, unless they are specifically incorporated by reference in the documents) by writing or telephoning us at the following address:
Apricus Biosciences, Inc.
11975 El Camino Real, Suite 300
San Diego, California 92130
Attn: Secretary
(858) 222-8041
Exhibits to the filings will not be sent, however, unless those exhibits have specifically been incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement.


19




 

APRICUSLOGOA02.JPG
$6,000,000 of Units
                          Consisting of One Share of Common Stock and
A Warrant to Purchase 0.75 of a Share of Common Stock

_______________
 
Rodman & Renshaw
a unit of H.C. Wainwright & Co.






, 2017


20




PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13.
Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table indicates the expenses to be incurred in connection with the offering described in this registration statement, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, all of which will be paid by us. All amounts are estimated except the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA, filing fee and the NASDAQ Capital Market listing fee.
 
 
Amount to be paid
SEC registration fee
 
$
1,443

FINRA filing fee
 
1,535

Legal fees and expenses
 
158,500

Accounting fees and expenses
 
35,000

Transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses
 
2,500

Miscellaneous expenses
 
1,022

Total
 
$
200,000


  Item 14.      Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Our officers and directors are indemnified under Nevada law, our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, and our Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended, against certain liabilities. Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation require us to indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada in effect from time to time.
Pursuant to our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, none of our directors or officers shall be personally liable to us or our stockholders for damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer, except for (1) acts or omissions which involve intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law or (2) the payment of dividends in violation of the applicable statutes of Nevada. Further, our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, provide that if Nevada law is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors or officers, the liability of a director or officer of the corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law, as so amended from time to time. However, Nevada Revised Statutes Section 78.138 currently provides that, except as otherwise provided in the Nevada Revised Statutes, a director or officer shall not be individually liable to us or our stockholders or creditors for any damages as a result of any act or failure to act in his or her capacity as a director or officer unless it is proven that (i) the director’s or officer’s acts or omissions constituted a breach of his or her fiduciary duties as a director or officer and (ii) such breach involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of the law.
Pursuant to our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, we shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, by reason of the fact that he or she is or was or has agreed to become a director or officer of our company or is serving at our request as a director or officer of another entity or enterprise or by reason of actions alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity or in any other capacity while serving as a director or officer, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, against any and all loss, liability and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, costs, damages, judgments, fines, amounts paid in settlement, and ERISA excise taxes or penalties, actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, including any appeal. This right to indemnification shall continue for any person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, next of kin, executors, administrators and legal representatives.
Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, also provide that we shall pay the expenses of directors and officers incurred as a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, as they are incurred and in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit or proceeding, but, if applicable law so requires, only upon receipt by us of an undertaking from the director or officer to repay the advanced amounts in the event it is ultimately determined by a final decision, order or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction that the director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses.
Our Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended, provide that we shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, each director or officer of the corporation who was or is a party to, or is threatened to be made a party to, or is otherwise involved in, any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit or proceeding (whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, and including, without limitation, an action, suit or proceeding by or in the right of the

21




corporation), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the corporation or is or was serving in any capacity at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, agent, partner, member, manager or fiduciary of, or in any other capacity for, another corporation or any partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust or other enterprise. Such indemnification shall be against all expense, liability and loss (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, taxes, penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such director or officer in connection with any such action, suit or proceeding; provided that such director or officer either is not liable pursuant to Nevada Revised Statutes 78.138 or acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and with respect to any such action, suit or proceeding that is criminal in nature, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. No such indemnification shall be made to or on behalf of any such director or officer if a final adjudication establishes that his or her acts or omissions involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law and was material to the cause of action, or for any expenses of such director or officer incurred in his or her capacity as a stockholder. Our Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended, also require that the expenses of such directors and officers must be paid by the corporation (or through insurance maintained, or other financial arrangements made, by the corporation) as such expenses are incurred and in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding, upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation. Any indemnification of directors and officers under our Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended, shall inure to the benefit of their respective heirs, executors and administrators.
Section 78.7502 of the Nevada Revised Statutes permits a corporation to indemnify a present or former director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or of another entity or enterprise for which such person is or was serving in such capacity at the request of the corporation, who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, except an action by or in the right of the corporation, against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection therewith, arising by reason of such person’s service in such capacity if such person (i) is not liable pursuant to Section 78.138 of the Nevada Revised Statutes, or (ii) acted in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to a criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. In the case of actions brought by or in the right of the corporation, however, no indemnification may be made for any claim, issue or matter as to which such person has been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable to the corporation or for amounts paid in settlement to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought or other court of competent jurisdiction determines upon application that in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the court deems proper.
Section 78.751 of the Nevada Revised Statutes permits any discretionary indemnification under Section 78.7502 of the Nevada Revised Statutes, unless ordered by a court or advanced to a director or officer by the corporation in accordance with the Nevada Revised Statutes, to be made by a corporation only as authorized in each specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances. Such determination must be made (1) by the stockholders, (2) by the board of directors by majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the action, suit or proceeding, (3) if a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the action, suit or proceeding so orders, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (4) if a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the action, suit or proceeding cannot be obtained, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion.
We maintain a general liability insurance policy that covers certain liabilities of directors and officers of our corporation arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers.
 
Item 15.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

In the three years preceding the filing of this registration statement, we have issued and sold the following unregistered securities (all share amounts have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect a 10-for-1 reverse stock split that was effected on October 24, 2016):
Issuance of Capital Stock
On October 17, 2014, we, through our wholly-owned subsidiary NexMed (U.S.A.), Inc., entered into a license agreement, or the License Agreement, with Forendo Pharma Ltd., or Forendo, and a stock issuance agreement with Forendo and Birch & Lake Partners LLC, or B&L. In partial consideration of the licenses granted under the License Agreement, we issued to Forendo and B&L an aggregate of 360,008 shares of our common stock. The shares were issued and sold without registration under the Securities Act, or state securities laws, in reliance on the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder and in reliance on similar exemptions under applicable state laws.
Issuances of Warrants to Purchase Capital Stock

22




On October 17, 2014, we entered into an Amendment Agreement, or the Amendment, with The Tail Wind Fund Ltd., Solomon Strategic Holdings, Inc., and Tail Wind Advisory & Management Ltd., or the Holders, such Holders being the holders of an aggregate principal amount of $1,225,000 of our 7% Convertible Notes Due December 31, 2014, or the Notes. Pursuant to the Amendment, we repaid the Notes in full and issued warrants to the Holders to purchase up to an aggregate of 48,040 shares of our common stock, at an exercise price of $25.50 per share, which expired on December 31, 2015.
On October 17, 2014, we entered into a loan and security agreement, or the Credit Facility with Oxford Finance LLC and Silicon Valley Bank, or the Lenders, pursuant to which the Lenders agreed to make term loans available to us in a principal amount of up to $10 million. As partial consideration for the initial term loan granted to us under the Credit Facility, on October 17, 2014 we issued to the Lenders warrants to purchase up to 19,380 shares of our common stock, at an exercise price of $12.90 per share. As partial consideration for a second term loan under the Credit Facility, on July 23, 2015, we issued to the Lenders warrants to purchase up to 15,244 shares of our common stock, at an exercise price of $16.40 per share. The warrants may be exercised either for cash or on a cashless basis. The warrants expire ten years from each date of issuance. Additionally, in the event of our acquisition for cash or marketable securities, either the Lenders shall exercise their warrants or such warrants will expire immediately prior to the consummation of such acquisition.
On September 28, 2016, we completed a registered direct offering of 1,082,402 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $3.45 per share with a group of investors. Concurrently in a private placement, for each share of common stock purchased by each investor, such investor received an unregistered warrant to purchase three quarters of a share of common stock, which we refer to as the September 2016 Warrants. The September 2016 Warrants have an exercise price of $4.50 per share, are exercisable six months from the initial issuance date, and will expire five and a half years from the initial issuance date. The aggregate gross proceeds from the sale of the common stock and warrants were approximately $3.7 million, and the net proceeds after deduction of commissions, fees and expenses were approximately $3.2 million. In connection with this transaction, we issued to the placement agent, warrants to purchase up to 54,123 shares of our common stock, sold in this offering, which we refer to as the Placement Agent Warrants. The Placement Agent Warrants have substantially the same terms as the September 2016 Warrants, except that the Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price of $4.3125 per share and will expire five years from the initial issuance date. Rodman & Renshaw, a unit of H.C. Wainwright & Co., acted as our exclusive placement agent for the offering.

All of the warrants described above were issued and sold without registration under the Securities Act, or state securities laws, in reliance on the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder and in reliance on similar exemptions under applicable state laws.

Item 16.
Exhibits and Financial Statements Schedules.
(a) Exhibits.
See the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page hereto, which is incorporated into this Item 16(a) by reference.
(b) Financial Statements Schedules .
No financial statement schedules are provided because the information called for is not applicable or not required or is shown in the financial statements or the notes thereto.
 
Item 17.
Undertakings.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant

23




pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.  


24




SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this amendment no. 1 to its registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of San Diego, California, on April 17, 2017 .  
 
 
APRICUS BIOSCIENCES, INC.
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Richard W. Pascoe
 
 
Richard W. Pascoe
 
 
Chief Executive Officer and Secretary

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ RICHARD W. PASCOE
 
Chief Executive Officer, Secretary and Director (Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

 
April 17, 2017
Richard W. Pascoe
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Chairman of the Board of Directors
 
April 17, 2017
Kleanthis G. Xanthopoulos, Ph.D.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 
April 17, 2017
Russell Ray
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 
April 17, 2017
Paul V. Maier
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 
April 17, 2017
Wendell Wierenga, Ph.D.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 
April 17, 2017
Sandford D. Smith
 
 
 
 

* Pursuant to power of attorney
By: /s/ RICHARD W. PASCOE             
Richard W. Pascoe




25




EXHIBIT INDEX
 
EXHIBITS
NO.
 
DESCRIPTION
 
 
 
1.1*
 
Form of Underwriting Agreement
 
 
 
2.1†
 
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated December 15, 2011, by and among Apricus Biosciences Inc., TopoTarget A/S, and TopoTarget USA, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2012).
 
 
2.2
 
Stock Contribution Agreement, dated June 19, 2012, by and among Apricus Biosciences, Inc., Finesco SAS, Scomedica SA and the shareholders of Finesco named therein (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 13, 2012).
 
 
 
2.3†
 
Asset Purchase Agreement by and between Apricus Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. and Biocodex, Inc., dated March 26, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2013).
 
 
2.4
 
Amendment to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated June 13, 2014, by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Samm Solutions, Inc. (doing business as BTS Research and formerly doing business as BioTox Sciences) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on August 11, 2014).
 
 
 
3.1
 
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Apricus Biosciences, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10-SB filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 1997).
 
 
3.2
 
Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Apricus Biosciences, Inc., dated June 22, 2000 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2003).
 
 
 
3.3
 
Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Apricus Biosciences, Inc., dated June 14, 2005 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2006).
 
 
3.4
 
Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Apricus Biosciences, Inc., dated March 3, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2010).
 
 
 
3.5
 
Certificate of Correction to Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Apricus Biosciences, Inc., dated March 3, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2010).
 
 
 
3.6
 
Certificate of Designation for Series D Junior-Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-A12GK filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 24, 2011).
 
 
3.7
 
Certificate of Change filed with the Nevada Secretary of State (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities Exchange Commission on June 17, 2010).
 
 






3.8
 
Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Apricus Biosciences, Inc., dated September 10, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 10, 2010).
 
 
3.9
 
Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws, dated December 18, 2012 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.9 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 18, 2013).
 
 
 
3.10
 
Certificate of Withdrawal of Series D Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock, dated May 15, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 16, 2013).
 
 
 
3.11
 
Amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Apricus Biosciences, Inc., dated January 11, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 13, 2016).
 
 
3.12
 
Second Amendment to the Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Apricus Biosciences, Inc., dated March 3, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 7, 2016).
 
 
 
4.1
 
Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 24, 2011).
 
 
4.2
 
Form of Warrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on From 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 24, 2013).
 
 
 
4.3
 
Form of Warrant issued to the lenders under the Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2014, by and among Apricus Biosciences, Inc., NexMed (U.S.A.), Inc., NexMed Holdings, Inc. and Apricus Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., as borrowers, Oxford Finance LLC, as collateral agent, and the lenders party thereto from time to time including Oxford Finance LLC and Silicon Valley Bank. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 20, 2014).
 
 
 
4.4
 
Form of Warrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, 2015).
 
 
 
4.5
 
Form of Warrant issued to Sarissa Capital Domestic Fund LP and Sarissa Capital Offshore Master Fund LP (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 13, 2016).
 
 
 
4.6
 
Form of Warrant issued to other purchasers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 13, 2016).
 
 
 
4.7
 
Form of Warrant Amendment (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 13, 2016).
 
 
 
4.8
 
Form of Warrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 28, 2016).
 
 
 
4.9*
 
Form of Warrant to be issued to purchasers of units and the underwriter pursuant to this Registration Statement on Form S‑1
 
 
 
5.1*
 
Opinion of Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP
 
 
 






5.2*
 
Opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP
 
 
 
10.1††
 
NexMed, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Annex A of the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 6, 2006).
 
 
10.2††
 
NexMed, Inc. Amendment to 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A of the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2008).
 
 
 
10.3
 
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated February 3, 2009, by and between Warner Chilcott Company, Inc. and NexMed, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 5, 2009).
 
 
10.4
 
License Agreement, dated February 3, 2009, by and between NexMed, Inc. and Warner Chilcott Company, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 5, 2009).

10.5††
 
Apricus Biosciences, Inc. 2012 Stock Long Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A of the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on April 6, 2012).
 
 
 
10.6
 
Settlement Agreement and Release, dated as of September 23, 2013, by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Topotarget A/S (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-191679) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 31, 2013).
 
 
10.7††
 
Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement under the Apricus Biosciences, Inc. 2012 Stock Long Term Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 11, 2014).
 
 
 
10.8††
 
Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 11, 2014).
 
 
 
10.9†
 
License Agreement by and between NexMed (U.S.A.), Inc. and Forendo Pharma Ltd., dated as of October 17, 2014 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 20, 2014).
 
 
 
10.10
 
Stock Issuance Agreement, by and among Apricus Biosciences, Inc., Forendo Pharma Ltd. and Birch & Lake Partners, LLC, dated as of October 17, 2014 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 20, 2014).
 
 
 
10.11
 
Loan and Security Agreement by and among Apricus Biosciences, Inc., NexMed (U.S.A.), Inc., NexMed Holdings, Inc. and Apricus Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., as borrowers, Oxford Finance LLC, as collateral agent, and the lenders party thereto from time to time, including Oxford Finance LLC and Silicon Valley Bank, dated as of October 17, 2014 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 20, 2014).
 
 
 
10.12†
 
License Agreement and Amendment, by and between NexMed (U.S.A.), Inc. and Warner Chilcott Company, LLC, dated September 9, 2015 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 5, 2015).
 
 
 






10.13
 
Subscription Agreement dated January 12, 2016, among Apricus Biosciences, Inc., Sarissa Capital Domestic Fund LP and Sarissa Capital Offshore Master Fund LP (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 13, 2016).
 
 
 
10.14
 
Employment Transition Agreement, by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Dr. Barbara Troupin, dated April 13, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 9, 2016).
 
 
 
10.15††
 
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 9, 2016).
 
 
 
10.16††
 
Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 9, 2016).
 
 
 
10.17
 
Common Stock Purchase Agreement, by and between the Company and Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, dated as of July 5, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 6, 2016).
 
 
 
10.18
 
Registration Rights Agreement, by and between the Company and Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, dated as of July 5, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 6, 2016).
 
 
 
10.19
 
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 28, 2016).
 
 
 
10.20††
 
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Richard W. Pascoe, December 20, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2017).
 
 
 
10.21††
 
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Neil Morton, dated December 20, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2017).
 
 
 
10.22††
 
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Brian Dorsey, dated December 20, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2017).
 
 
 
10.23
 
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated March 8, 2017, by and between Ferring International Center S.A. and Apricus Biosciences, Inc., NexMed (U.S.A.), Inc., NexMed Holdings, Inc. and NexMed International Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2017).
 
 
 
10.24
 
License Agreement, dated March 8, 2017, by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Ferring International Center S.A.(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2017).
 
 
 






10.25
 
Transition Services Agreement, dated March 8, 2017, by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. and Ferring International Center S.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2017).
 
 
 
21
 
Subsidiaries (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 21 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2017).
 
 
 
23.1*
 
Consent of BDO USA, LLP, independent registered public accounting firm.
 
 
 
23.2
 
Consent of Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
 
 
 
23.3
 
Consent of Latham & Watkins LLP (included in Exhibit 5.2)
 
 
 
24.1
 
Form of Power of Attorney (contained on signature page)
 
 
 
99.2
 
Pro Forma Financial Information (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2017).

(1)
Furnished, not filed.

*    Filed herewith.
†    Confidential treatment has been requested for portions of this exhibit. Those portions have been omitted and filed
separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
††    Management compensatory plan or arrangement







Exhibit 1.1
____________ SHARES OF COMMON STOCK AND
_____________ WARRANTS OF
APRICUS BIOSCIENCES, INC.
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

April __, 2017
H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC
As the Representative of the
Several underwriters, if any, named in Schedule I hereto
c/o H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC
430 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10022

Ladies and Gentlemen:

The undersigned, Apricus Biosciences, Inc., a company incorporated under the laws of Nevada (collectively with its subsidiaries and affiliates, including, without limitation, all entities disclosed or described in the Registration Statement as being subsidiaries or affiliates of Apricus Biosciences, Inc., the “ Company ”), hereby confirms its agreement (this “ Agreement ”) with the several underwriters (such underwriters, including the Representative (as defined below), the “ Underwriters ” and each an “ Underwriter ”) named in Schedule I hereto for which H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC is acting as representative to the several Underwriters (the “ Representative ” and if there are no Underwriters other than the Representative, references to multiple Underwriters shall be disregarded and the term Representative as used herein shall have the same meaning as Underwriter) on the terms and conditions set forth herein.

It is understood that the several Underwriters are to make a public offering of the Public Securities as soon as the Representative deems it advisable to do so. The Public Securities are to be initially offered to the public at the public offering price set forth in the Prospectus.
It is further understood that you will act as the Representative for the Underwriters in the offering and sale of the Closing Securities and, if any, the Option Securities in accordance with this Agreement.

ARTICLE I.
DEFINITIONS
1.1      Definitions . In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:






Action ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(k).
Affiliate ” means with respect to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with such Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act; provided that Sarissa Capital Management LP and its Affiliates shall not be deemed an Affiliate of the Company.
Board of Directors ” means the board of directors of the Company.
Business Day ” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.
Closing ” means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Closing Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.
Closing Date ” means the hour and the date on the Trading Day on which all conditions precedent to (i) the Underwriters’ obligations to pay the Closing Purchase Price and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Closing Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than 10:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the third Trading Day following the date hereof or at such other time as shall be agreed upon by the Representative and the Company.
Closing Purchase Price ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(b), which aggregate purchase price shall be net of the underwriting discounts and commissions.
Closing Securities ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(a)(ii).
Closing Shares ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(a)(i).
Closing Warrants ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(a)(ii).
Combined Purchase Price ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(b).
Commission ” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
Common Stock ” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
Common Stock Equivalents ” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock,

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including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.
Company Auditor ” means BDO USA, LLP, with offices located at 3570 Carmel Mountain Road, Suite 400, San Diego, California 92130.
Company Nevada Counsel ” means Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP, with offices located at 100 North City Parkway, Suite 1600, Las Vegas, Nevada 89106.
Company Securities Counsel ” means Latham & Watkins LLC, with offices located at 12670 High Bluff Drive, San Diego, California 92130.
Disclosure Schedules ” means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.
Effective Date ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(f).
EGS ” means Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, with offices located at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105.
Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Execution Date ” shall mean the date on which the parties execute and enter into this Agreement.

Exempt Issuance ” means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock or options to employees, officers or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan (including any award granted under such plan) duly adopted for such purpose by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose, (b) securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities, and (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equity holders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.

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FCPA ” means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
FINRA ” means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.
GAAP ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(i).
Indebtedness ” means (a) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (b) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (c) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.
Liens ” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.
Lock-Up Agreements ” means the lock-up agreements, in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto, delivered on the date hereof by each of the Company’s officers and directors.
Material Adverse Effect ” means (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document.
Offering ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(c).
Option Closing Date ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2(c).
Option Closing Purchase Price ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2(b), which aggregate purchase price shall be net of the underwriting discounts and commissions.
Option Securities ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2(a)(ii).
Option Shares ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2(a)(i).
Option Warrants ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2(a).
Over-Allotment Option ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2.

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Person ” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
Preliminary Prospectus ” means, if any, any preliminary prospectus relating to the Securities included in the Registration Statement or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b).
Proceeding ” means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.
Prospectus ” means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement.
Prospectus Supplement ” means, if any, any supplement to the Prospectus complying with Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act that is filed with the Commission.
Public Securities ” means, collectively, the Closing Securities and, if any, the Option Securities.
Registration Statement ” means, collectively, the various parts of the registration statement prepared by the Company on Form S-1 (File No. 333-217036) with respect to the Securities, each as amended as of the date hereof, including the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, if any, and all exhibits filed with or incorporated by reference into such registration statement.
Required Approvals ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).
Rule 424 ” means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.
SEC Reports ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(i).
Securities ” means the Closing Securities, the Option Securities and the Warrant Shares.
Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Shareholder Approval ” means the approval of the Company’s shareholders as required by Nevada law to amend the Company’s Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of Common Stock from 15,000,000 to 30,000,000.

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Share Purchase Price ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(b).
Shares ” means, collectively, the shares of Common Stock delivered to the Underwriters in accordance with Section 2.1(a)(i) and Section 2.2(a).
Subsidiary ” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.
Trading Day ” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.
Trading Market ” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE MKT, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
Transaction Documents ” means this Agreement, the Warrants, the Lock-Up Agreements, and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.
Transfer Agent ” means Wells Fargo Shareowner Services, with offices located at 1110 Centre Pointe Curve, Suite 101, Mendota Heights, Minnesota 55120, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
Warrant Purchase Price ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(b).
Warrant Shares ” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.
Warrants ” means, collectively, the Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Underwriters in accordance with Section 2.1(a)(ii) and Section 2.2, which Warrants shall be exercisable on the date that the Company publicly announces through the filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K that the Company has received Shareholder Approval and have a term of exercise equal to five (5) years.
ARTICLE II.     
PURCHASE AND SALE
2.1      Closing .
(a)      Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell in the aggregate ________ shares of Common Stock and Warrants, and each Underwriter agrees to purchase, severally and not jointly, at the Closing, the following securities of the Company:

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(i)      the number of shares of Common Stock (the “ Closing Shares ”) set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter on Schedule I hereof; and
(ii)      Warrants to purchase up to the number of shares of Common Stock set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter on Schedule I hereof (the “ Closing Warrants ” and, collectively with the Closing Shares, the “ Closing Securities ”), which Warrants shall have an exercise price of $____, subject to adjustment as provided therein, in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto

(b)      The aggregate purchase price for the Closing Securities shall equal the amount set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter on Schedule I hereto (the “ Closing Purchase Price ”). The combined purchase price for one Share and a Warrant to purchase ___ Warrant Share shall be $_____ (the “ Combined Purchase Price ”) which shall be allocated as $_____ per Share (the “ Share Purchase Price ”) and $____ per Warrant (the “ Warrant Purchase Price ”); and
(c)      On the Closing Date, each Underwriter shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, via wire transfer, immediately available funds equal to such Underwriter’s Closing Purchase Price and the Company shall deliver to, or as directed by, such Underwriter its respective Closing Securities and the Company shall deliver the other items required pursuant to Section 2.3 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.3 and 2.4, the Closing shall occur at the offices of EGS or such other location (including remotely by facsimile or other electronic transmission) as the Company and Representative shall mutually agree. The Public Securities are to be offered initially to the public at the offering price set forth on the cover page of the Prospectus (the “ Offering ”).
2.2      Over-Allotment Option .
(a)      For the purposes of covering any over-allotments in connection with the distribution and sale of the Closing Securities, the Representative is hereby granted an option (the “ Over-Allotment Option ”) to purchase, in the aggregate, up to _____ shares of Common Stock (the “ Option Shares ”) and Warrants to purchase up to ____ shares of Common Stock (the “ Option Warrants ” and, collectively with the Option Shares, the “ Option Securities ”) which may be purchased in any combination of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants at the Share Purchase Price and/or Warrant Purchase Price, respectively.
(b)      In connection with an exercise of the Over-Allotment Option, (a) the purchase price to be paid for the Option Shares is equal to the product of the Share Purchase Price multiplied by the number of Option Shares to be purchased and (b) the purchase price to be paid for the Option Warrants is equal to the product of the Warrant Purchase Price multiplied by the number of Option Warrants (the aggregate purchase price to be paid on an Option Closing Date, the “ Option Closing Purchase Price ”).


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(c)      The Over-Allotment Option granted pursuant to this Section 2.2 may be exercised by the Representative as to all (at any time) or any part (from time to time) of the Option Securities within 30 days after the Execution Date. An Underwriter will not be under any obligation to purchase any Option Securities prior to the exercise of the Over-Allotment Option by the Representative. The Over-Allotment Option granted hereby may be exercised by the giving of oral notice to the Company from the Representative, which must be confirmed in writing by overnight mail or facsimile or other electronic transmission setting forth the number of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants to be purchased and the date and time for delivery of and payment for the Option Securities (each, an “ Option Closing Date ”), which will not be later than three (3) full Business Days after the date of the notice or such other time as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representative, at the offices of EGS or at such other place (including remotely by facsimile or other electronic transmission) as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representative. If such delivery and payment for the Option Securities does not occur on the Closing Date, each Option Closing Date will be as set forth in the notice. Upon exercise of the Over-Allotment Option, the Company will become obligated to convey to the Underwriters, and, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Underwriters will become obligated to purchase, the number of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants specified in such notice. The Representative may cancel the Over-Allotment Option at any time prior to the expiration of the Over-Allotment Option by written notice to the Company.
2.3      Deliveries . The Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Underwriter (if applicable) the following:
(i)      At the Closing Date, the Closing Shares and, as to each Option Closing Date, if any, the applicable Option Shares, which shares shall be delivered via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system for the accounts of the several Underwriters;
(ii)      At the Closing Date, the Closing Warrants and, as to each Option Closing Date, if any, the applicable Option Warrants in certificated form registered in the name or names and in such authorized denominations as the applicable Underwriter may request in writing at least two full Business Days prior to the Closing Date and, if any, each Option Closing Date;
(iii)      At the Closing Date, to the Representative only, a Warrant to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 5% of the Closing Shares issued on the Closing Date, for the account of the Representative (or its designees), which Warrant shall have an exercise price of $____, subject to adjustment therein, and registered in the name of the Representative, otherwise on the same terms as the Closing Warrants;
(iv)      At the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, a legal opinion and negative assurance letter of Company Securities Counsel addressed to the Underwriters, in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Representative; and at the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, a legal opinion of Company Nevada Counsel addressed to the Underwriters, in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Representative;

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(v)      Contemporaneously herewith, a comfort letter, addressed to the Underwriters and in form and substance satisfactory in all respects to the Representative from the Company Auditor dated, respectively, as of the date of this Agreement and a bring-down letter dated as of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any;
(vi)      At the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, the duly executed and delivered Officer’s Certificate in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Representative;
(vii)      At the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, the duly executed and delivered Secretary’s Certificate in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Representative; and
(viii)      On or before the Execution Date, the duly executed and delivered Lock-Up Agreements.
2.4      Closing Conditions . The respective obligations of each Underwriter hereunder in connection with the Closing and each Option Closing Date are subject to the following conditions being met:
(i)      the accuracy in all material respects when made and on the date in question (other than representations and warranties of the Company already qualified by materiality, which shall be true and correct in all respects) of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein);
(ii)      all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the date in question shall have been performed;
(iii)      the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.3 of this Agreement;
(iv)      the Registration Statement shall be effective on the date of this Agreement and at each of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose shall have been instituted or shall be pending or contemplated by the Commission and any request on the part of the Commission for additional information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Representative;
(v)      by the Execution Date, if required by FINRA, the Underwriters shall have received clearance from FINRA as to the amount of compensation allowable or payable to the Underwriters as described in the Registration Statement;
(vi)      the Closing Shares, the Option Shares and the Warrant Shares have been approved for listing on the Trading Market; and
(vii)      prior to and on each of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any: (i) there shall have been no material adverse change or development involving a prospective material adverse change in the condition or prospects or the business activities,

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financial or otherwise, of the Company from the latest dates as of which such condition is set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus; (ii) no action suit or proceeding, at law or in equity, shall have been pending or threatened against the Company or any Affiliate of the Company before or by any court or federal or state commission, board or other administrative agency wherein an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding may materially adversely affect the business, operations, prospects or financial condition or income of the Company, except as set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus; (iii) no stop order shall have been issued under the Securities Act and no proceedings therefor shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; and (iv) the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto shall contain all material statements which are required to be stated therein in accordance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and shall conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and neither the Registration Statement nor the Prospectus nor any amendment or supplement thereto shall contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
ARTICLE III.     
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
3.1      Representations and Warranties of the Company . Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the corresponding section of the Disclosure Schedules, and any other section hereof to the extent that it is readily apparent from a reading of such disclosure that is also qualifies or applies to such other sections, the Company represents and warrants to the Underwriters as of the Execution Date, as of the Closing Date and as of each Option Closing Date, if any, as follows:
(a) Subsidiaries . All of the direct and indirect Subsidiaries of the Company required to be disclosed by Item 601(b)(21) of Regulation S-K are set forth in the SEC Reports. The Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. If the Company has no Subsidiaries, all other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.
(a)      Organization and Qualification . The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is

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duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.
(b)      Authorization; Enforcement . The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.
(c)      No Conflicts . The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of

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clauses (ii) and (iii), such as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(d)      Filings, Consents and Approvals . The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus, (ii) any required filing with FINRA, (iii) Trading Market approval, (iv) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws, and (v) Shareholder Approval for the reservation and issuance of the Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrants (collectively, the “ Required Approvals ”).

(e)      Registration Statement . The Company has filed with the Commission the Registration Statement, including any related Prospectus or Prospectuses, for the registration of the Securities under the Securities Act, which Registration Statement has been prepared by the Company in all material respects in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Commission on the date hereof (the “ Effective Date ”). Any reference in this Agreement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-1 which were filed under the Exchange Act, on or before the date of this Agreement, or the issue date of the Prospectus; and any reference in this Agreement to the terms “amend,” “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing of any document under the Exchange Act after the date of this Agreement, or the issue date of the Prospectus, deemed to be incorporated therein by reference. All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which is “contained,” “included,” “described,” “referenced,” “set forth” or “stated” in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the use of the Prospectus has been issued, and no proceeding for any such purpose is pending or has been initiated or, to the Company's knowledge, is threatened by the Commission. For purposes of this Agreement, “ free writing prospectus ” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. The Company will not, without the prior consent of the Representative, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus.

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(f)      Issuance of Securities . The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Warrants, and subject to the Company’s receipt of Shareholder Approval, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement and the Warrants, subject to the Shareholder Approval with respect to the Warrant Shares. The holder of the Securities will not be subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders. The Securities are not and will not be subject to the preemptive rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company. All corporate action required to be taken for the authorization, issuance and sale of the Securities has been duly and validly taken, subject to the Shareholder Approval with respect to the Warrant Shares. The Securities conform in all material respects to all statements with respect thereto contained in the Registration Statement.

(g)      Capitalization . The capitalization of the Company is as set forth in the SEC Reports. The Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company’s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents other than rights described in the Registration Statement. Except as described in the Registration Statement or a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Underwriters) and will not result in a right of any holder of Company securities to adjust the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under any of such securities. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. The authorized shares of the Company conform in all material respects to all statements relating thereto contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. The offers and sales of the Company’s securities since January 1, 2014, were at all relevant times either registered under the Securities Act and the applicable state securities or Blue Sky laws or,

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exempt from such registration requirements. Except for the Required Approvals, no further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.
(h)      SEC Reports; Financial Statements . The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred to herein as the “ SEC Reports ”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“ GAAP ”) applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved, except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, year-end audit adjustments. The agreements and documents described in the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement and the SEC Reports conform to the descriptions thereof contained therein and there are no agreements or other documents required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder to be described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or the SEC Reports or to be filed with the Commission as exhibits to the Registration Statement, that have not been so described or filed. Each agreement or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which the Company is a party or by which it is or may be bound or affected and (i) that is referred to in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or the SEC Reports, or (ii) is material to the Company’s business, has been duly authorized and validly executed by the Company, is in full force and effect in all material respects and is enforceable against the Company and, to the Company’s knowledge, the other parties thereto, in accordance with its terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws

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affecting creditors’ rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefore may be brought. None of such agreements or instruments has been assigned by the Company, and neither the Company nor, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, any other party is in default thereunder and, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, no event has occurred that, with the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder. To the best of the Company’s knowledge, performance by the Company of the material provisions of such agreements or instruments will not result in a violation of any existing applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any governmental agency or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its assets or businesses, including, without limitation, those relating to environmental laws and regulations, except for violations which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(i)      Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments . Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as specifically disclosed in a subsequent SEC Report filed prior to the date hereof, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock, (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans and (vi) no officer or director of the Company has resigned from any position with the Company. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement, no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made. Unless otherwise disclosed in an SEC Report filed prior to the date hereof, the Company has not: (i) issued any securities or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, for borrowed money; or (ii) declared or paid any dividend or made any other distribution on or in respect to its capital stock.

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(j)      Litigation . Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, including the SEC Reports incorporated therein, there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “ Action ”) which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty, except any Action which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement.
(k)      Labor Relations . No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(l)      Compliance . Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in

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violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(m)      Regulatory Permits . The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (each, a “ Material Permit ”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit. The disclosures in the Registration Statement concerning the effects of Federal, State, local and all foreign regulation on the Company’s business as currently contemplated are correct in all material respects.
(n)      Title to Assets . The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to, or have valid and marketable rights to lease or otherwise use, all real property and all personal property that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made in accordance with GAAP, and the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in material compliance.
(o)      Intellectual Property . The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to do so would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “ Intellectual Property Rights ”). None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a written notice that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement, except for expirations, terminations or abandonments which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by

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another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights, except for infringements which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(p)      Insurance . The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.
(q)      Transactions With Affiliates and Employees . Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary and none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from, any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.
(r)      Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls . The Company and the Subsidiaries are in material compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the

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Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the “ Evaluation Date ”). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.
(s)      Certain Fees . Except as set forth in the Prospectus, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company, any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. To the Company’s knowledge, there are no other arrangements, agreements or understandings of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its stockholders that may affect the Underwriters’ compensation, as determined by FINRA. Except as set forth in the Prospectus, the Company has not made any direct or indirect payments (in cash, securities or otherwise)in connection with the Offering to: (i) any person, as a finder’s fee, consulting fee or otherwise, in consideration of such person raising capital for the Company or introducing to the Company persons who raised or provided capital to the Company; (ii)  any FINRA member; or (iii) any person or entity that has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member, within the twelve months prior to the Execution Date. None of the net proceeds of the Offering will be paid by the Company to any participating FINRA member or its affiliates, except as specifically authorized herein.
(t)      Investment Company . The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(u)      Registration Rights . No Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary except as disclosed in the Registration Statement.
(v)      Listing and Maintenance Requirements . The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of

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the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. Other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements.
(w)      Application of Takeover Protections . The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti‑takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable as a result of the Underwriters and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents.
(x)      Disclosure; 10b-5 . The Registration Statement (and any further documents to be filed with the Commission) contains all exhibits and schedules as required by the Securities Act. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, if any, at the time it became effective, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations under the Securities Act and did not and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, each as of its respective date, comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations. The Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, did not and will not contain as of the date thereof any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The SEC Reports incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, when they were filed with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations, and none of such documents, when they were filed with the Commission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations, as applicable, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading. No post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement reflecting any facts or events arising after the date thereof which represent, individually or in the aggregate, a fundamental change in the information set forth therein is required to be filed with the Commission. There are no documents required to be filed with the Commission in connection with the transaction

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contemplated hereby that (x) have not been filed as required pursuant to the Securities Act or (y) will not be filed within the requisite time period. There are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Prospectus, or to be filed as exhibits or schedules to the Registration Statement, which have not been described or filed as required. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading.
(y)      No Integrated Offering . Neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.
(z)      Solvency . Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. The SEC Reports sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments.
(aa)      Tax Status . Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate

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for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim. The provisions for taxes payable, if any, shown on the financial statements filed with or as part of the Registration Statement are sufficient for all accrued and unpaid taxes, whether or not disputed, and for all periods to and including the dates of such consolidated financial statements. The term “taxes” mean all federal, state, local, foreign, and other net income, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, profits, license, lease, service, service use, withholding, payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, property, windfall profits, customs, duties or other taxes, fees, assessments, or charges of any kind whatsoever, together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax, or additional amounts with respect thereto. The term “returns” means all returns, declarations, reports, statements, and other documents required to be filed in respect to taxes.
(bb)      Foreign Corrupt Practices . Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in material violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA. The Company has taken reasonable steps to ensure that its accounting controls and procedures are sufficient to cause the Company to comply in all material respects with the FCPA.
(cc)      Accountants . To the knowledge and belief of the Company, the Company Auditor (i) is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2017. Other than services related to tax compliance, the Company Auditor has not, during the periods covered by the financial statements included in the Prospectus, provided to the Company any non-audit services, as such term is used in Section 10A(g) of the Exchange Act.
(dd)      FDA . As to each product subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“ FDA ”) under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (“ FDCA ”) that is manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold, and/or marketed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each such product, a “ Pharmaceutical Product ”), such Pharmaceutical Product is being manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold and/or marketed by the Company in compliance with all applicable requirements under FDCA and similar laws, rules and regulations relating to registration, investigational use, premarket clearance, licensure, or application approval, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices, good clinical practices, product

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listing, quotas, labeling, advertising, record keeping and filing of reports, except where the failure to be in compliance would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. There is no pending, completed or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened, action (including any lawsuit, arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding, charge, complaint, or investigation) against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice, warning letter or other communication from the FDA or any other governmental entity, which (i) contests the premarket clearance, licensure, registration, or approval of, the uses of, the distribution of, the manufacturing or packaging of, the testing of, the sale of, or the labeling and promotion of any Pharmaceutical Product, (ii) withdraws its approval of, requests the recall, suspension, or seizure of, or withdraws or orders the withdrawal of advertising or sales promotional materials relating to, any Pharmaceutical Product, (iii) imposes a clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iv) enjoins production at any facility of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (v) enters or proposes to enter into a consent decree of permanent injunction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (vi) otherwise alleges any violation of any laws, rules or regulations by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and which, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. The properties, business and operations of the Company have been and are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the FDA.  Other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Company has not been informed by the FDA that the FDA will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use in the United States of any product proposed to be developed, produced or marketed by the Company nor has the FDA expressed any concern as to approving or clearing for marketing any product being developed or proposed to be developed by the Company.
(ee)      Office of Foreign Assets Control . Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department.
(ff)      U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation . The Company is not and, to the knowledge of the Company, has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon the Representative’s reasonable request.
(gg)      Bank Holding Company Act . Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “ BHCA ”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “ Federal Reserve ”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the

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management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.
(hh)      Money Laundering . The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in material compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “ Money Laundering Laws ”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.
(ii)      D&O Questionnaires . To the Company’s knowledge, all information contained in the questionnaires most recently completed by each of the Company’s directors and officers as well as in the Lock-Up Agreement provided to the Underwriters is true and correct in all respects and the Company has not become aware of any information which would cause the information disclosed in such questionnaires become inaccurate and incorrect.
(jj)      FINRA Affiliation . Except as disclosed to the Underwriters, no officer, director or any beneficial owner of 5% or more of the Company’s unregistered securities has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA). The Company will advise the Representative and EGS if it learns that any officer, director or owner of 5% or more of the Company’s outstanding shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents is or becomes an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member firm.
(kk)      Officers’ Certificate . Any certificate signed by any duly authorized officer of the Company and delivered to the Representative or EGS shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to the Underwriters as to the matters covered thereby.
(ll)      Board of Directors . The Board of Directors is comprised of the persons set forth under the heading in the Company’s definitive proxy statement filed with the Commission on April 13, 2017, captioned “Information Regarding Nominees and Incumbent Directors.” The qualifications of the persons serving as board members and the overall composition of the Board of Directors comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder applicable to the Company and the rules of the Trading Market. At least one member of the Board of Directors qualifies as a “financial expert” as such term is defined under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder and the rules of the Trading Market. In addition, at least a majority of the persons serving on the Board of Directors qualify as “independent” as defined under the rules of the Trading Market.



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ARTICLE IV.     
OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES
4.1      Amendments to Registration Statement . The Company has delivered, or will as promptly as practicable deliver, to the Underwriters complete conformed copies of the Registration Statement and of each consent and certificate of experts, as applicable, filed as a part thereof, and conformed copies of the Registration Statement (without exhibits), the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, as amended or supplemented, in such quantities and at such places as an Underwriter reasonably requests. Neither the Company nor any of its directors and officers has distributed and none of them will distribute, prior to the Closing Date, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities other than the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, the Registration Statement, and copies of the documents incorporated by reference therein. The Company shall not file any such amendment or supplement to which the Representative shall reasonably object in writing.
4.2      Federal Securities Laws .

(a)      Compliance . During the time when a Prospectus is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, as from time to time in force, so far as necessary to permit the continuance of sales of or dealings in the Securities in accordance with the provisions hereof and the Prospectus. If at any time when a Prospectus relating to the Securities is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, any event shall have occurred as a result of which, in the opinion of counsel for the Company or counsel for the Underwriters, the Prospectus, as then amended or supplemented, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or if it is necessary at any time to amend the Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will notify the Underwriters promptly and prepare and file with the Commission, subject to Section 4.1 hereof, an appropriate amendment or supplement in accordance with Section 10 of the Securities Act.
(b)      Exchange Act Registration . For a period of three years from the Execution Date, the Company will use its best efforts to maintain the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act. The Company will not deregister the Common Stock under the Exchange Act without the prior written consent of the Representative.

(c)      Free Writing Prospectuses . The Company represents and agrees that it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute an issuer free writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 433 of the rules and regulations under the Securities Act, without the prior written consent of the Representative. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Representative is hereinafter referred to as a “ Permitted Free Writing Prospectus .” The Company represents that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus” as defined in rule and regulations under

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the Securities Act, and has complied and will comply with the applicable requirements of Rule 433 of the Securities Act, including timely Commission filing where required, legending and record keeping.

4.3      Delivery to the Underwriters of Prospectuses . The Company will deliver to the Underwriters, without charge, from time to time during the period when the Prospectus is required to be delivered under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act such number of copies of each Prospectus as the Underwriters may reasonably request and, as soon as the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement thereto becomes effective, deliver to you two original executed Registration Statements, including exhibits, and all post-effective amendments thereto and copies of all exhibits filed therewith or incorporated therein by reference and all original executed consents of certified experts.

4.4      Effectiveness and Events Requiring Notice to the Underwriters . The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Registration Statement to remain effective with a current prospectus until the later of nine (9) months from the Execution Date and the date the Warrants are no longer outstanding, and will promptly notify the Underwriters and holders of the Warrants and confirm the notice in writing: (i) of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and any amendment thereto; (ii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose; (iii) of the issuance by any state securities commission of any proceedings for the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose; (iv) of the mailing and delivery to the Commission for filing of any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus; (v) of the receipt of any comments or request for any additional information from the Commission; and (vi) of the happening of any event during the period described in this Section 4.4 that, in the judgment of the Company, makes any statement of a material fact made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus untrue or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. If the Commission or any state securities commission shall enter a stop order or suspend such qualification at any time, the Company will make every reasonable effort to obtain promptly the lifting of such order.

4.5      Review of Financial Statements . For a period of three (3) years from the Execution Date, the Company, at its expense, shall cause its regularly engaged independent registered public accountants to review (but not audit) the Company’s financial statements for each of the first three fiscal quarters prior to the announcement of quarterly financial information; provided , however , that this provision shall not apply if the Company is not required filed periodic reports pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

4.6      Expenses of the Offering .

(a)      General Expenses Related to the Offering . The Company hereby agrees to pay on each of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any, to the extent not paid at the Closing Date, all expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the

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Company under this Agreement, including, but not limited to: (a) all filing fees relating to the registration of the Securities to be sold in the Offering (including the Option Securities) with the Commission; (b) all actual FINRA Public Offering Filing System fees associated with the review of the Offering by FINRA; (c) all fees and expenses relating to the listing of such Closing Shares, Option Shares and Warrant Shares on the Trading Market and such other stock exchanges as the Company and the Representative together determine; (d) all actual and reasonable fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration or qualification of such Securities under the “blue sky” securities laws of such states and other foreign jurisdictions as the Representative may reasonably designate (including, without limitation, all filing and registration fees, and the fees and expenses of Blue Sky counsel); (e) the costs of all mailing and printing of the Registration Statements, Prospectuses and all amendments, supplements and exhibits thereto and as many preliminary and final Prospectuses as the Representative may reasonably deem necessary; (f) the costs and expenses of the public relations firm; (g) the costs of preparing, printing and delivering the Securities; (h) fees and expenses of the Transfer Agent for the Securities (including, without limitation, any fees required for same day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company); (i) stock transfer and/or stamp taxes, if any, payable upon the transfer of securities from the Company to the Underwriters; (j) the fees and expenses of the Company’s accountants; (k) the fees and expenses of the Company’s legal counsel and other agents and representatives; (l) the Underwriters’ costs of mailing prospectuses to prospective investors; (m) the fees and expenses of EGS; (n) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to background checks of the Company’s officers and directors; (o) the costs associated with bound volumes of the public offering materials as well as commemorative mementos and lucite tombstones, each of which the Company or its designee will provide within a reasonable time after the Closing in such quantities as the Underwriters may reasonably request; (p) up to $20,000 for the Underwriters’ use of i-Deal’s book-building, prospectus tracking and compliance software (or other similar software) for the Offering; and (q) the Underwriters’ actual “road show” expenses for the Offering, provided , however , the Company’s liability for the expenses incurred under clauses (b), (d), (e), (l), (m), (n), (o), (p) and (q), if any, shall not exceed $75,000. The Underwriters may also deduct from the net proceeds of the Offering payable to the Company on the Closing Date, or each Option Closing Date, if any, the expenses set forth herein to be paid by the Company to the Underwriters.
(b)      Non-accountable Expenses . The Company further agrees that, in addition to the expenses payable pursuant to Section 4.6(a), on the Closing Date it will pay to the Representative (i) a non-accountable expense allowance equal to $35,000 and (ii) an aggregate of 1.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the Closing Securities on the Closing Date, in each case, by deduction from the proceeds of the Offering contemplated herein.

4.7      Application of Net Proceeds . The Company will apply the net proceeds from the Offering received by it in a manner consistent with the application described under the caption “Use Of Proceeds” in the Prospectus.


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4.8      Delivery of Earnings Statements to Security Holders . The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but not later than the first day of the fifteenth full calendar month following the Execution Date, an earnings statement (which need not be certified by independent public or independent certified public accountants unless required by the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations under the Securities Act, but which shall satisfy the provisions of Rule 158(a) under Section 11(a) of the Securities Act) covering a period of at least twelve consecutive months beginning after the Execution Date; provided, that reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents filed by the Company with the Commissions after the Execution Date shall be deemed to constitute delivery.

4.9      Stabilization . Neither the Company, nor, to its knowledge, any of its employees, directors or shareholders (without the consent of the Representative) has taken or will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that has constituted or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act, or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.

4.10      Internal Controls . The Company will maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary in order to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.

4.11      Accountants . The Company shall continue to retain a nationally recognized independent certified public accounting firm for a period of at least three years after the Execution Date. The Underwriters acknowledge that the Company Auditor is acceptable to the Underwriters.

4.12      FINRA . The Company shall advise the Underwriters (who shall make an appropriate filing with FINRA) if it is aware that any 5% or greater shareholder of the Company becomes an affiliate or associated person of an Underwriter.

4.13      No Fiduciary Duties . The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters’ responsibility to the Company is solely contractual and commercial in nature, based on arms-length negotiations and that neither the Underwriters nor their affiliates or any selected dealer shall be deemed to be acting in a fiduciary capacity, or otherwise owes any fiduciary duty to the Company or any of its affiliates in connection with the Offering and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company acknowledges that the Underwriters may have financial interests in the success of the Offering that are not limited to the difference between the price to the public and the purchase price paid to the Company by the Underwriters for the shares and the Underwriters have no obligation to disclose, or account to the Company for, any of such additional financial interests. The Company hereby waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against the Underwriters with respect to any breach or alleged breach of fiduciary duty.


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4.14      Warrant Shares . If all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the issuance of the Warrant Shares or if the Warrant is exercised via cashless exercise at a time when such Warrant Shares would be eligible for resale under Rule 144 by a non-affiliate of the Company, the Warrant Shares issued pursuant to any such exercise shall be issued free of all restrictive legends. If at any time following the date hereof the Registration Statement (or any subsequent registration statement registering the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise available for the sale of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall immediately notify the holders of the Warrants in writing that such registration statement is not then effective and thereafter shall promptly notify such holders when the registration statement is effective again and available for the sale of the Warrant Shares (it being understood and agreed that the foregoing shall not limit the ability of the Company to issue, or any holder thereof to sell, any of the Warrant Shares in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).
4.15      Board Composition and Board Designations . The Company shall ensure that: (i) the qualifications of the persons serving as board members and the overall composition of the Board of Directors comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder applicable to the Company and with the listing requirements of the Trading Market and (ii) if applicable, at least one member of the Board of Directors qualifies as a “financial expert” as such term is defined under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder.
4.16      Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity . At the request of the Representative, by 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof, the Company shall issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the Offering. The Company and the Representative shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the Offering, and neither the Company nor any Underwriter shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of such Underwriter, or without the prior consent of such Underwriter, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. The Company will not issue press releases or engage in any other publicity, without the Representative’s prior written consent, for a period ending at 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the first business day following the 30 th day following the Closing Date, other than normal and customary releases issued in the ordinary course of the Company’s business.
4.17      Shareholder Rights Plan . No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Underwriter of the Securities is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Underwriter of Securities could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities.


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4.18      Reservation of Common Stock . As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue Option Shares pursuant to the Over-Allotment Option and, subject to obtaining the Shareholder Approval, Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the Warrants.
4.19      Listing of Common Stock . The Company hereby agrees to use reasonable best efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote all of the Closing Shares, Option Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing of all of the Closing Shares, Option Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Closing Shares, Option Shares and Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Closing Shares, Option Shares and Warrant Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market.
4.20      Subsequent Equity Sales .
(a)      From the date hereof until the ninety (90) day anniversary of the date hereof, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents.
(b)      From the date hereof until twelve months from the date hereof, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “ Variable Rate Transaction ” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive, additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price. Any Underwriter shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.

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(c)      Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.20 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance.
4.21      Research Independence . The Company acknowledges that each Underwriter’s research analysts and research departments, if any, are required to be independent from their respective investment banking divisions and are subject to certain regulations and internal policies, and that such Underwriter’s research analysts may hold and make statements or investment recommendations and/or publish research reports with respect to the Company and/or the offering that differ from the views of its investment bankers. The Company hereby waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against such Underwriter with respect to any conflict of interest that may arise from the fact that the views expressed by their independent research analysts and research departments may be different from or inconsistent with the views or advice communicated to the Company by such Underwriter’s investment banking divisions. The Company acknowledges that the Representative is a full service securities firm and as such from time to time, subject to applicable securities laws, may effect transactions for its own account or the account of its customers and hold long or short position in debt or equity securities of the Company.

ARTICLE V.     
DEFAULT BY UNDERWRITERS

If on the Closing Date or any Option Closing Date, if any, any Underwriter shall fail to purchase and pay for the portion of the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, which such Underwriter has agreed to purchase and pay for on such date (otherwise than by reason of any default on the part of the Company), the Representative, or if the Representative is the defaulting Underwriter, the non-defaulting Underwriters, shall use their reasonable efforts to procure within 36 hours thereafter one or more of the other Underwriters, or any others, to purchase from the Company such amounts as may be agreed upon and upon the terms set forth herein, the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, which the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters failed to purchase. If during such 36 hours the Representative shall not have procured such other Underwriters, or any others, to purchase the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, agreed to be purchased by the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters, then (a) if the aggregate number of Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, with respect to which such default shall occur does not exceed 10% of the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, covered hereby, the other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally, in proportion to the respective numbers of Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, which they are obligated to purchase hereunder, to purchase the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters failed to purchase, or (b) if the aggregate number of Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, with respect to which such default shall occur exceeds 10% of the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, covered hereby, the Company or the Representative will have the right to terminate this Agreement without liability on the part of the non-defaulting Underwriters or of the Company except to the extent provided in Article VI hereof. In the event of a default by any Underwriter or Underwriters, as set forth in this Article V, the applicable Closing Date may be postponed for such period, not exceeding seven days, as the Representative, or if the Representative is the defaulting

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Underwriter, the non-defaulting Underwriters, may determine in order that the required changes in the Prospectus or in any other documents or arrangements may be effected. The term “Underwriter” includes any person substituted for a defaulting Underwriter. Any action taken under this Section shall not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under this Agreement.
ARTICLE VI.     
INDEMNIFICATION
6.1      Indemnification of the Underwriters . Subject to the conditions set forth below, the Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underwriters, and each dealer selected by each Underwriter that participates in the offer and sale of the Securities (each a “ Selected Dealer ”) and each of their respective directors, officers and employees and each Person, if any, who controls such Underwriter or any Selected Dealer (“ Controlling Person ”) within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever (including but not limited to any and all legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever, whether arising out of any action between such Underwriter and the Company or between such Underwriter and any third party or otherwise) to which they or any of them may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any other statute or at common law or otherwise or under the laws of foreign countries, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in (i) any Preliminary Prospectus, if any, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (as from time to time each may be amended and supplemented); (ii) any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Securities, including any “road show” or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically); or (iii) any application or other document or written communication (in this Article VI, collectively called “ application ”) executed by the Company or based upon written information furnished by the Company in any jurisdiction in order to qualify the Securities under the securities laws thereof or filed with the Commission, any state securities commission or agency, Trading Market or any securities exchange; or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, unless such statement or omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company with respect to the applicable Underwriter by or on behalf of such Underwriter expressly for use in any Preliminary Prospectus, if any, the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or in any application, as the case may be. With respect to any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in the Preliminary Prospectus, if any, the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 6.1 shall not inure to the benefit of an Underwriter to the extent that any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense of such Underwriter results from the fact that a copy of the Prospectus was not given or sent to the Person asserting any such loss, liability, claim or damage at or prior to the written confirmation of sale of the Securities to such Person as required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and if the untrue statement or omission has been corrected in the Prospectus, unless such failure to deliver the Prospectus was a result of non-compliance by the Company with its obligations under this Agreement. The Company

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agrees promptly to notify each Underwriter of the commencement of any litigation or proceedings against the Company or any of its officers, directors or Controlling Persons in connection with the issue and sale of the Public Securities or in connection with the Registration Statement or Prospectus.
6.2      Procedure . If any action is brought against an Underwriter, a Selected Dealer or a Controlling Person in respect of which indemnity may be sought against the Company pursuant to Section 6.1, such Underwriter, such Selected Dealer or Controlling Person, as the case may be, shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the institution of such action and the Company shall assume the defense of such action, including the employment and fees of counsel (subject to the reasonable approval of such Underwriter or such Selected Dealer, as the case may be) and payment of actual expenses. Such Underwriter, such Selected Dealer or Controlling Person shall have the right to employ its or their own counsel in any such case, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Underwriter, such Selected Dealer or Controlling Person unless (i) the employment of such counsel at the expense of the Company shall have been authorized in writing by the Company in connection with the defense of such action, or (ii) the Company shall not have employed counsel to have charge of the defense of such action, or (iii) such indemnified party or parties shall have reasonably concluded that there may be defenses available to it or them which are different from or additional to those available to the Company (in which case the Company shall not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party or parties), in any of which events the reasonable fees and expenses of not more than one additional firm of attorneys selected by such Underwriter (in addition to local counsel), Selected Dealer and/or Controlling Person shall be borne by the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if any Underwriter, Selected Dealer or Controlling Person shall assume the defense of such action as provided above, the Company shall have the right to approve the terms of any settlement of such action which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld.
6.3      Indemnification of the Company . Each Underwriter severally and not jointly agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, officers and employees and agents who control the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the foregoing indemnity from the Company to such Underwriter, as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions made in any Preliminary Prospectus, if any, the Registration Statement or Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto or in any application, in reliance upon, and in strict conformity with, written information furnished to the Company with respect to such Underwriter by or on behalf of such Underwriter expressly for use in such Preliminary Prospectus, if any, the Registration Statement or Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto or in any such application. The Company hereby acknowledges that the only information that the Representative has furnished to the Company expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement to the foregoing) are the statements set forth under the caption “Underwriting” in the sentences related to concessions and reallowances and the paragraph related to stabilization, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids. In case any action shall be brought against the Company or any other Person so indemnified based on any Preliminary Prospectus, if any, the Registration Statement or Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto or any application, and in respect of which indemnity may be sought against such Underwriter, such Underwriter shall

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have the rights and duties given to the Company, and the Company and each other Person so indemnified shall have the rights and duties given to such Underwriter by the provisions of this Article VI. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6.3, no Underwriter shall be required to indemnify the Company for any amount in excess of the underwriting discounts and commissions applicable to the Securities purchased by such Underwriter. The Underwriters' obligations in this Section 6.3 to indemnify the Company are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations and not joint .
6.4      Contribution .
(a)      Contribution Rights . In order to provide for just and equitable contribution under the Securities Act in any case in which (i) any Person entitled to indemnification under this Article VI makes a claim for indemnification pursuant hereto but it is judicially determined (by the entry of a final judgment or decree by a court of competent jurisdiction and the expiration of time to appeal or the denial of the last right of appeal) that such indemnification may not be enforced in such case notwithstanding the fact that this Article VI provides for indemnification in such case, or (ii) contribution under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise may be required on the part of any such Person in circumstances for which indemnification is provided under this Article VI, then, and in each such case, the Company and each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, shall contribute to the aggregate losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses of the nature contemplated by said indemnity agreement incurred by the Company and such Underwriter, as incurred, in such proportions that such Underwriter is responsible for that portion represented by the percentage that the underwriting discount appearing on the cover page of the Prospectus bears to the initial offering price appearing thereon and the Company is responsible for the balance; provided, that, no Person guilty of a fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section, each director, officer and employee of such Underwriter or the Company, as applicable, and each Person, if any, who controls such Underwriter or the Company, as applicable, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act shall have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter or the Company, as applicable. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6.4, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting discounts and commissions applicable to the Securities purchased by such Underwriter. The Underwriters' obligations in this Section 6.4 to contribute are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations and not joint.
(b)      Contribution Procedure . Within fifteen days after receipt by any party to this Agreement (or its representative) of notice of the commencement of any action, suit or proceeding, such party will, if a claim for contribution in respect thereof is to be made against another party (“ contributing party ”), notify the contributing party of the commencement thereof, but the failure to so notify the contributing party will not relieve it from any liability which it may have to any other party other than for contribution hereunder. In case any such action, suit or proceeding is brought against any party, and such party notifies a contributing party or its representative of the commencement thereof within the aforesaid fifteen days,

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the contributing party will be entitled to participate therein with the notifying party and any other contributing party similarly notified. Any such contributing party shall not be liable to any party seeking contribution on account of any settlement of any claim, action or proceeding affected by such party seeking contribution without the written consent of such contributing party. The contribution provisions contained in this Section 6.4 are intended to supersede, to the extent permitted by law, any right to contribution under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise available.

ARTICLE VII.     
MISCELLANEOUS

7.1      Termination .
(a)      Termination Right . The Representative shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time prior to any Closing Date, (i) if any domestic or international event or act or occurrence has materially disrupted, or in its opinion will in the immediate future materially disrupt, general securities markets in the United States; or (ii) if trading on any Trading Market shall have been suspended or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices for trading shall have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices for securities shall have been required by FINRA or by order of the Commission or any other government authority having jurisdiction, or (iii) if the United States shall have become involved in a new war or an increase in major hostilities, or (iv) if a banking moratorium has been declared by a New York State or federal authority, or (v) if a moratorium on foreign exchange trading has been declared which materially adversely impacts the United States securities markets, or (vi) if the Company shall have sustained a material loss by fire, flood, accident, hurricane, earthquake, theft, sabotage or other calamity or malicious act which, whether or not such loss shall have been insured, will, in the Representative’s opinion, make it inadvisable to proceed with the delivery of the Securities, or (vii) if the Company is in material breach of any of its representations, warranties or covenants hereunder, or (viii) if the Representative shall have become aware after the date hereof that the Company has experienced a Material Adverse Effect.
(b)      Expenses . In the event this Agreement shall be terminated pursuant to Section 7.1(a), within the time specified herein or any extensions thereof pursuant to the terms herein, the Company shall be obligated to pay to the Representative its actual and accountable out of pocket expenses related to the transactions contemplated herein then due and payable, including the fees and disbursements of EGS up to $25,000 ( provided , however , that such expense cap in no way limits or impairs the indemnification and contribution provisions of this Agreement).
(c)      Indemnification . Notwithstanding any contrary provision contained in this Agreement, any election hereunder or any termination of this Agreement, and whether or not this Agreement is otherwise carried out, the provisions of Article VI shall not be in any way effected by such election or termination or failure to carry out the terms of this Agreement or any part hereof.

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7.2      Entire Agreement . The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Engagement Agreement, dated March 27, 2017 (“ Engagement Agreement ”), between the Company and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, shall continue to be effective and the terms therein, including, without limitation, Section 5 with respect to any future offerings, shall continue to survive and be enforceable by the Representative in accordance with its terms, provided that, in the event of a conflict between the terms of the Engagement Agreement and this Agreement, the terms of this Agreement shall prevail.
7.3      Notices . Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile or e-mail attachment at the facsimile number or email address set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile or e-mail attachment at the facsimile number or email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2 nd ) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.
7.4      Amendments; Waivers . No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Representative. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.
7.5      Headings . The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.
7.6      Successors and Assigns . This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns.
7.7      Governing Law . All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively

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in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any action, suit or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company and Underwriters under Article VI, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.
7.8      Survival . The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the Option Closing, if any, and the delivery of the Securities.
7.9      Execution . This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.
7.10      Severability . If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.
7.11      Remedies . In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, the Underwriters and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations

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contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.
7.12      Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc .    If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.
7.13      Construction . The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.
7.14      WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL . IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVE FOREVER ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.
(Signature Pages Follow)

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If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Underwriters and the Company, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement among the Company and the several Underwriters in accordance with its terms.
Very truly yours,
APRICUS BIOSCIENCES, INC.
By:     
Name:    
Title:    
Address for Notice:

Copy to:

Accepted on the date first above written.
H.C. WAINWRIGHT & CO., LLC
As the Representative of the several
Underwriters listed on Schedule I
By: H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC
By:     
Name:
Title:


Address for Notice:

Copy to:

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SCHEDULE I

SCHEDULE OF UNDERWRITERS


Underwriters          Closing Shares      Closing Warrants      Closing Purchase Price                     

            
                


                            

Total                        



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Exhibit A

Form of Warrant


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Exhibit B

Form of Lock-up Agreement

FORM OF LOCK-UP AGREEMENT

April __, 2017

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC,
acting as representative to the several underwriters:

Re:     Apricus Biosciences, Inc.

Ladies and Gentlemen:
The undersigned irrevocably agrees that, from the date hereof until 90 days following the date of the Underwriting Agreement (the “ Underwriting Agreement ”) proposed to be entered into by and between Apricus Biosciences, Inc. (the “ Company ”) and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “ Representative ”), acting as representative to the several underwriters (such period, the “ Restriction Period ” and the underwriters collectively, the “ Underwriters ”), the undersigned will not offer, sell, contract to sell, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise dispose of or enter into any transaction which is designed to, or might reasonably be expected to, result in the disposition (whether by actual disposition or effective economic disposition due to cash settlement or otherwise) by the undersigned or any Affiliate (as defined in the Underwriting Agreement) of the undersigned, directly or indirectly, or establish or increase a put equivalent position or liquidate or decrease a call equivalent position within the meaning of Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”) with respect to, any shares of common stock of the Company (“ Common Stock ”) or securities convertible, exchangeable or exercisable into, shares of Common Stock beneficially owned, held or hereafter acquired by the undersigned (the “ Securities ”). Beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act. The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop-transfer instructions by the Company preventing the transfer agent of the Company from effecting any actions in violation of this letter agreement. The Representative may consent to an early release from the Restriction Period in its sole and absolute discretion. The restrictions contained in this letter agreement shall not apply to the Securities to be sold pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement on behalf of the undersigned, if any. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (i) the Company issues an earnings release or material news, or a material event relating to the Company occurs, during the last 17 days of the Restriction Period, or (ii) prior to the expiration of the Restriction Period, the Company announces that it will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the Restriction Period, the restrictions imposed by this letter agreement shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event, unless the Representative waives such extension.


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Notwithstanding the foregoing, the restrictions set forth in the prior paragraph shall not apply to (a) transfers (i) as a bona fide gift or gifts, provided that the donee or donees thereof agree to be bound in writing by the restrictions set forth herein, (ii) to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the immediate family of the undersigned, provided that the trustee of the trust agrees to be bound in writing by the restrictions set forth herein, and provided further that any such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value, (iii) following the death of the undersigned by will, by intestate succession or pursuant to a so-called “living trust” or other revocable trust established to provide for the disposition of the undersigned’s property upon the undersigned’s death, (iv) to an immediate family member or other dependent pursuant to a domestic relations or similar order of a court of competent jurisdiction, or (v) if the employee is or was an officer, director or employee of the Company, to the Company pursuant to the Company’s right of repurchase upon termination of the undersigned’s service with the Company, (b) the acquisition or exercise of any stock option issued pursuant to the Company’s existing stock option plan, including any exercise effected by the delivery of shares of Common Stock of the Company held by the undersigned and including by cashless exercise to the extent permitted by the instruments representing such options or warrants so long as such cashless exercise does not involve the sale of any shares of Common Stock, options, warrants or other securities and is effected solely by the surrender of outstanding options or warrants to the Company and the Company’s cancellation of all or a portion thereof to pay the exercise price, or (c) the purchase or sale of the Company’s securities pursuant to a plan, contract or instruction that satisfies all of the requirements of Rule 10b5‑1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”) that was in effect prior to the date hereof. For purposes of this letter agreement, “immediate family” shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption, not more remote than first cousin. Further, this letter agreement shall not prohibit the undersigned from entering into or otherwise establishing a trading plan (a “Plan”) meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act relating to any sale of shares of Common Stock, if then permitted by the Company and applicable law; provided that the shares of Common Stock subject to such Plan may not be sold during the Restriction Period (as the same may be extended as described above) and the terms of such Plan shall expressly include such prohibition.
The undersigned acknowledges that the execution, delivery and performance of this letter agreement is a material inducement to each Underwriter to perform under the Underwriting Agreement and that each Underwriter (which shall be a third party beneficiary of this letter agreement) shall be entitled to specific performance of the undersigned’s obligations hereunder. The undersigned hereby represents that the undersigned has the power and authority to execute, deliver and perform this letter agreement, that the undersigned has received adequate consideration therefor and that the undersigned will indirectly benefit from the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement.
This letter agreement may not be amended or otherwise modified in any respect without the written consent of each of the Representative and the undersigned. This letter agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to the principles of conflict of laws. The undersigned hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States District Court sitting in the Southern District of New York and the courts of the State of New York located in Manhattan, for the purposes of any suit, action or

43
    



proceeding arising out of or relating to this letter agreement, and hereby waives, and agrees not to assert in any such suit, action or proceeding, any claim that (i) it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of such court, (ii) the suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, or (iii) the venue of the suit, action or proceeding is improper. The undersigned hereby waives any right to a trial by jury. The undersigned agrees and understands that this letter agreement does not intend to create any relationship between the undersigned and each Underwriter and that no issuance or sale of the Securities is created or intended by virtue of this letter agreement.
This letter agreement shall terminate upon the earliest of the following events: (i) the Company notifies the Representative in writing prior to the execution of the Underwriting Agreement that it does not intend to proceed with the public offering contemplated by the proposed Underwriting Agreement, (ii) the Underwriting Agreement shall not be entered into on or before May 31, 2017, or (iii) if the Underwriting Agreement (other than the provisions thereof which survive termination) shall terminate or be terminated for any reason prior to payment for and delivery of the Closing Securities (as defined therein) to be sold thereunder.

This letter agreement shall be binding on successors and assigns of the undersigned with respect to the Securities and any such successor or assign shall enter into a similar agreement for the benefit of the Underwriters.


*** SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS***



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Sincerely,


_________________________
Signature
__________________________
Print Name
__________________________
Position in the Company, if any

Address for Notice:

                    

                    

                    

Number of shares of Common Stock subject to this letter agreement (including shares of Common Stock underlying outstanding warrants, options, debentures or other convertible securities):

                        



                    


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Exhibit 4.9

    

COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT

APRICUS BIOSCIENCES, INC.
 
Warrant Shares: _______                              Issue Date: _______, 2017

THIS COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the “ Warrant ”) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns (the “ Holder ”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or prior to the close of business on the five 5) year anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date (the “ Termination Date ”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Apricus Biosciences, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “ Company ”), up to ______ shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “ Warrant Shares ”) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).
Section 1 .      Definitions . Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth below:
Affiliate ” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
Business Day ” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.
Commission ” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
Common Stock ” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
Common Stock Equivalents ” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.
Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Initial Exercise Date ” means the date that the Company publicly announces through the filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K that the Company has received Shareholder Approval and the amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation has become effective.






Person ” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Shareholder Approval ” means the approval of the Company’s shareholders as required by Nevada law to amend the Company’s Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of Common Stock from 15,000,000 to 30,000,000.
Trading Day ” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.
Trading Market ” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE MKT, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
Transfer Agent ” means Wells Fargo Shareholder Services, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 1110 Centre Pointe Curve, Suite 101, Mendota Heights, Minnesota 55120, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
Section 2 .      Exercise .
a) Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company (or such other office or agency of the Company as it may designate by notice in writing to the registered Holder at the address of the Holder appearing on the books of the Company) of a duly executed facsimile copy (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the “ Notice of Exercise ”). Within the earlier of (i) three (3) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares





available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

For the avoidance of doubt, there is no circumstance that would require the Company to net cash settle the Warrants.

b) Exercise Price . The exercise price per share of the Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $ _____, subject to adjustment hereunder (the “ Exercise Price ”).

c) Cashless Exercise . [If at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:

(A) =
as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b)(64) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;

(B) =
the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and

(X) =
the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised.  The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).
Bid Price ” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b)  if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization





or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
VWAP ” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b)  if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 2(e), on the Termination Date, this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to this Section 2(c).

d) Mechanics of Exercise .

i. Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise . The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“ DWAC ”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner of sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) the earlier of (A) three (3) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise and (B) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “ Warrant Share Delivery Date ”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) three Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days





comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date (subject to receipt of the aggregate exercise price of the applicable exercise (other than in the case of a cashless exercise)) until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “ Standard Settlement Period ” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, pursuant to Rule 11320(b) of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules, or any successor or similar rule on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.

ii. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise . If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

iii. Rescission Rights . If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date (subject to receipt of the aggregate exercise price for the applicable exercise (other than in the case of a cashless exercise)), then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.

iv. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise . In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date (subject to receipt of the aggregate exercise price for the applicable exercise (other than in the case of a cashless exercise)), and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “ Buy-In ”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be





deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

v. No Fractional Shares or Scrip . No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

vi. Charges, Taxes and Expenses . Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided , however , that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

vii. Closing of Books . The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

e) Holder’s Exercise Limitations . The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “ Attribution Parties ”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).  For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number





of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties.  Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.  Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within two Trading Days confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding.  In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “ Beneficial Ownership Limitation ” shall be 4.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61 st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.








Section 3 .      Certain Adjustments .
a) Stock Dividends and Splits . If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re‑classification.

b) Subsequent Rights Offerings . In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the “ Purchase Rights ”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

c) Pro Rata Distributions . During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) other than a dividend or other distribution of the type described in Section 3(a) above (a “ Distribution ”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record





holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution ( provided , however , to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of such Distribution, such portion of the Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.

d) Fundamental Transaction . If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, exclusive license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Common Stock, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a “ Fundamental Transaction ”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “ Alternate Consideration ”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction (other than a Fundamental Transaction which was not approved by the Board of Directors, as to which this right shall not apply), the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time





concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction. “ Black Scholes Value ” means the value of this Warrant based on the Black and Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg, L.P. (“ Bloomberg ”) determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of 100% and the 100 day volatility obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds within five Business Days of the Holder’s election (or, if later, on the effective date of the Fundamental Transaction) . The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “ Successor Entity ”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(d) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein.

e) Calculations . All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.









f) Notice to Holder .
i. Adjustment to Exercise Price . Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.
ii. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder . If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 10 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

Section 4 .      Transfer of Warrant .
a) Transferability . This Warrant and all rights hereunder are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned,





and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

b) New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.
c) Warrant Register . The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “ Warrant Register ”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

Section 5 .      Miscellaneous .
a) No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise . This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3.

b) Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant . The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

c) Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc . If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

d) Authorized Shares .

The Company covenants that, subject to its receipt of Shareholder Approval, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary





to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).
Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.
Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.
e) Jurisdiction . All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.





If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

f) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

g) Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant or the Underwriting Agreement pursuant to which this Warrant was issued, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

h) Notices. Any notices, consents, waivers or other document or communications required or permitted to be given or delivered under the terms of this Warrant must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon receipt, if delivered personally; (ii) when sent, if sent by facsimile (provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party); (iii) when sent, if sent by e-mail (provided that such sent e-mail is kept on file (whether electronically or otherwise) by the sending party and the sending party does not receive an automatically generated message from the recipient’s e-mail server that such e-mail could not be delivered to such recipient) and (iv) if sent by overnight courier service, one (1) Trading Day after deposit with an overnight courier service with next day delivery specified, in each case, properly addressed to the party to receive the same. If notice is given by facsimile or email, a copy of such notice shall be dispatched no later than the next business day by first class mail, postage prepaid. The addresses, facsimile numbers and e-mail addresses for such communications shall be:

If to the Company:
Apricus Biosciences, Inc.
11975 El Camino Real, Suite 300
San Diego, CA 92130
Telephone: 858-222-8041
Attention: ____________
Email: ______________

If to a Holder, to its address, facsimile number or e-mail address set forth herein or on the books and records of the Company.
Or, in each of the above instances, to such other address, facsimile number or e-mail address and/or to the attention of such other Person as the recipient party has specified by written notice given to each other party at least five (5) days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written confirmation of receipt (A) given by the recipient of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication, (B) mechanically or electronically generated by the sender’s facsimile machine containing the time, date and recipient facsimile number or (C) provided by an overnight courier service shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service, receipt by facsimile





or receipt from an overnight courier service in accordance with clause (i), (ii) or (iv) above, respectively. A copy of the e-mail transmission containing the time, date and recipient e­mail address shall be rebuttable evidence of receipt by e-mail in accordance with clause (iii) above.
i) Limitation of Liability . No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

j) Remedies . The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

k) Successors and Assigns . Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time

l) to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

m) Amendment . This Warrant may be modified or amended or the
provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.

n) Severability . Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

o) Headings . The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

********************

(Signature Page Follows)






IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

Apricus Biosciences, Inc.
By:__________________________________________
     Name:
     Title:

    



    





EXHIBIT A

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

To:     A pricus Biosciences, Inc.

(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

[ ] in lawful money of the United States; or
[ ] if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).
(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:
_______________________________
            

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

_______________________________
            
_______________________________
            
_______________________________


[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]
    
Name of Investing Entity:
________________________________________________________________________
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity : ________________________________________________________________________
Name of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________________________________
Title of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________________________________
Date: ___________________________________________________________________



    





EXHIBIT B

ASSIGNMENT FORM

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to
Name:
 
 
(Please Print)
Address:
 
Phone Number:
 
Email Address:
 
Dated: _______________ __, ______
 
Holder’s Signature:
 
Holder’s Address:
 






Exhibit 5.1

BROWNSTEINLETTERHEAD.JPG

April 17, 2017

Apricus Biosciences, Inc.
11975 El Camino Real, Suite 300
San Diego, CA 92130

Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as local Nevada counsel to Apricus Biosciences, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “ Company ”), in connection with the proposed issuance and sale (the “ Offering ”) by the Company of (i) units with an aggregate offering price of $6,000,000 (the “ Units ”), each consisting of one share (collectively, the “ Firm Shares ”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Common Stock ”), and a warrant (collectively, the “ Firm Warrants ”) to purchase 0.75 of a share of Common Stock, (ii) upon the exercise of an option by the underwriters in the Offering, additional shares (collectively, the “ Option Shares ” and together with the Firm Shares, the “ Offering Shares ”) of Common Stock and/or additional warrants (collectively, the “ Option Warrants ” and together with the Firm Warrants, the “ Offering Warrants ”) to purchase 0.75 of a share of Common Stock, (iii) warrants to purchase 0.75 of a share of Common Stock issuable to the underwriters in the Offering (such warrants, together with the Offering Warrants, the “ Warrants ”), and (iv) the shares (the “ Warrant Shares ” and together with the Offering Shares, the “ Shares ”) of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, all as more fully set out in the prospectus (the “ Prospectus ”) included in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-217036) (the “ Registration Statement ”) filed by the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Act ”), with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Units, the Warrants and the Shares are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “ Securities ”. This opinion letter is being delivered at your request pursuant to the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act.
In our capacity as such counsel, we are familiar with the proceedings taken and proposed to be taken by the Company in connection with the authorization and issuance of the Securities as contemplated by, and as described in, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. For purposes of this opinion letter, and except to the extent set forth in the opinions set forth below, we have assumed that all such proceedings have been or will be timely completed in the manner presently proposed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.
For purposes of issuing the opinions hereinafter expressed, we have made such legal and factual examinations and inquiries, including an examination of originals or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction as being true copies of (i) the Registration Statement, including the Prospectus, (ii) the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the Company, each as amended to date, (iii) the form of the Warrants filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, (iv) the form of underwriting agreement relating to the Offering filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and (v) such other agreements, instruments, corporate records and other documents as we have deemed necessary or appropriate. We have also obtained from officers, representatives and agents of the Company and from public officials, and have relied upon, such certificates, representations, assurances and public filings, as we have deemed necessary and appropriate for the purpose of issuing this opinion letter.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, we have, with your permission, assumed without independent verification that (i) each natural person executing any of the documents we reviewed has sufficient legal capacity to


100 North City Parkway, Suite 1600
Las Vegas, NV 89106-4614
main 702.382.2101


1




do so; (ii) all documents submitted to us as originals are authentic, the signatures on all documents we reviewed are genuine, and all documents submitted to us as certified, conformed, photostatic, electronic or facsimile copies conform to the original document; (iii) all corporate records made available to us by the Company, and all public records we have reviewed, are accurate and complete; and (iv) after any issuance of the Shares, the total number of issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock, together with the total number of shares of Common Stock then reserved for issuance or obligated to be issued by the Company pursuant to any agreement or arrangement or otherwise, will not exceed the total number of shares of Common Stock then authorized under the Company’s articles of incorporation.
We are qualified to practice law in the State of Nevada. The opinions set forth herein are expressly limited to and based exclusively on the general corporate laws of the State of Nevada, and we do not purport to be experts on, or to express any opinion with respect to the applicability or effect of, the laws of any other jurisdiction. We express no opinion concerning, and we assume no responsibility as to laws or judicial decisions related to any federal laws, rules or regulations, including, without limitation, any federal securities laws, rules or regulations, or any state securities or “blue sky” laws, rules or regulations.
Based on the foregoing and in reliance thereon, and having regard to legal considerations and other information that we deem relevant, we are of the opinion that:
1. The Securities have been duly authorized by the Company.

2. When and to the extent the Offering Shares are issued and sold in accordance with the proceedings described in, and in the manner contemplated by, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, including payment in full to the Company of all consideration required therefor, the Offering Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

3. When and to the extent the Warrant Shares are issued in accordance with the terms of, and in the manner contemplated by, the Warrants, including the due and proper exercise of the Warrants and payment in full to the Company of the exercise price and other consideration for the Warrant Shares as required thereunder, and in accordance with the proceedings described in, and in the manner contemplated by, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Warrant Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

The opinions expressed herein are based upon the applicable laws of the State of Nevada and the facts in existence on the date of this opinion letter. In delivering this opinion letter to you, we disclaim any obligation to update or supplement the opinion set forth herein or to apprise you of any changes in any laws or facts after such time as the Registration Statement is declared effective. No opinion is offered or implied as to any matter, and no inference may be drawn, beyond the strict scope of the specific issues expressly addressed by the opinions set forth herein.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm in the Prospectus under the heading “Legal Matters”. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder. Subject to all of the qualifications, limitations, exceptions, restrictions and assumptions set forth herein, Latham & Watkins LLP may rely on this opinion letter as if it were an addressee hereof on this date for the sole purpose of issuing its opinion letter to the Company relating to the registration of the Securities, as filed with the Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP




2


Exhibit 5.2
LATHAMLOGO.JPG

April 17, 2017


Apricus Bioscience, Inc.
11975 El Camino Real, Suite 300
San Diego, CA 92130

Re:
Apricus Biosciences, Inc. Offering of Common Stock and Warrants
Ladies and Gentlemen:  
We have acted as special counsel to Apricus Biosciences, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “ Company ”), in connection with the sale to Rodman & Renshaw, a unit of H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, of $6,000,000 of units, consisting of one share of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Common Stock ”) and a warrant to purchase 0.75 of a share of Common Stock (the “ Warrants ”), pursuant a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Act ”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) on March 30, 2017 (Registration No. 333-217036) (as so filed and as amended, the “ Registration Statement ”). This opinion is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or related Prospectus, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issue of the Warrants.

As such counsel, we have examined such matters of fact and questions of law as we have considered appropriate for purposes of this letter. With your consent, we have relied upon certificates and other assurances of officers of the Company and others as to factual matters without having independently verified such factual matters. We are opining herein as to the internal laws of the State of New York, and we express no opinion with respect to the applicability thereto, or the effect thereon, of the laws of any other jurisdiction, or as to any matters of municipal law or the laws of any local agencies within any state.

Subject to the foregoing and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that, as of the date hereof, when the Warrants have been duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered against payment therefor in the circumstances contemplated by the form of underwriting agreement most recently filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement (assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery of the Warrants by the Company, and assuming the securities issuable upon exercise of such Warrants have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance by all necessary corporate action), the Warrants will be legally valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

Our opinions are subject to: (i) the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors; and (ii) the effect of general principles of equity, whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law (including the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief), concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and the discretion of the court before which a proceeding is brought. We express no opinion or confirmation as to federal or state securities laws, tax laws, antitrust or trade regulation laws, insolvency or fraudulent transfer laws, antifraud laws, compliance with fiduciary duty requirements, pension or employee benefit laws, FINRA rules or stock exchange rules (without limiting other laws excluded by customary practice).

This opinion is for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Act. We consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm in the Prospectus under the heading “Legal Matters.” In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.





Very truly yours,

/s/ Latham & Watkins LLP






Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Apricus Biosciences, Inc.
San Diego, California
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Prospectus constituting a part of this Registration Statement of our report dated March 13, 2017, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Apricus Biosciences, Inc. (the “Company”) appearing in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Our report contains an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
We also consent to the reference to us under the caption “Experts” in the Prospectus.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
San Diego, California
April 17, 2017