AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON DECEMBER 26, 2006
 
REGISTRATION NO. 333-______
 


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
___________________
 
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
___________________
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
___________________
 
Delaware
 
3826
 
47-0899439
 
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
 
6500 Harbour Heights Parkway
Suite 301
Mukilteo, WA 98275
(425) 493-2000
 
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
___________________
 
Amit Kumar, Ph.D.
President & Chief Executive Officer
6500 Harbour Heights Parkway
Suite 301
Mukilteo, WA 98275
(425) 493-2000
 
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
___________________
 
 
Copies to:
 
Raymond A. Lee, Esq.
Steven T. Anapoell, Esq.
Dennis J. Rasor, Esq.
Greenberg Traurig LLP
650 Town Center Drive, Suite 1700
Costa Mesa, California 92626
(714) 708-6500
 
___________________
 
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.
 
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.  o
 
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o
 
If this Form is a post-effective amendment pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o
 
If this Form is a post-effective amendment pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o


 
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
     
Title of Securities to be Registered
 
Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering Price (1)
 
Amount of
Registration Fee
 
Common Stock, par value $0.001
 
$52,365,810
 
 
$5,603.14
 

 
(1)   Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. Pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act, the price per unit has been omitted. Pursuant to 457(f)(1) under the Securities Act of 1933 and solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee, the proposed maximum aggregate offering price is equal to the product of (i) $0.85.5, which is the average of the high and low prices per share of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock reported on Nasdaq on December 19, 2006, and (ii) 52,365,810, which is the maximum number of shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock that will be outstanding on the redemption date.
 
WE HEREBY AMEND THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL WE FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(a), MAY DETERMINE.
 
 




 
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not issue these securities until the
registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission becomes effective.
 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED DECEBMER 26, 2006
 
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
Split Off from Acacia Research Corporation
 
We are currently a wholly owned subsidiary of Acacia Research Corporation (" Acacia "). This prospectus is being furnished in connection with our split off from Acacia and the issuance of our common stock in the split off. Our businesses and assets and those of our subsidiaries constitute all of the businesses and assets of Acacia that are attributed to Acacia’s CombiMatrix group.
 
Acacia is affecting the split off pursuant to the terms of its charter. Acacia’s charter enables it to redeem all of the outstanding shares of its Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock (" AR-CombiMatrix stock "), for shares of our common stock. AR-CombiMatrix stock is a class of common stock of Acacia that is designed to reflect the economic performance of Acacia’s CombiMatrix group. The redemption will be effective as of 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on *, which we refer to as the “Redemption Date.” In the redemption, you will be entitled to receive one share of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock in exchange for each share of AR-CombiMatrix stock held by you on the redemption date.
 
As a result of the redemption, we will issue one share of our common stock for each share of AR-CombiMatrix stock, based upon the number of shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock outstanding on *, and assuming no exercise of outstanding stock options or warrants.
 
No stockholder approval of the split off is required, and none is being sought. We are not asking you for a proxy, and you are requested not to send us a proxy.
 
There is currently no trading market for our common stock. We will apply to list our common stock on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol "CBMX."
 
IN REVIEWING THIS PROSPECTUS, YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE MATTERS DESCRIBED UNDER THE CAPTION "RISK FACTORS" BEGINNING ON PAGE .
 
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
 
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. The information in this prospectus is current as of the date of this prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.
 

 

 
The Date of this Prospectus is *
 

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Summary
 
1
 
Risk Factors
 
5
 
The Split Off
 
14
 
Description Of Capital Stock
 
16
 
Description Of Business
 
19
 
Legal Proceedings
 
33
 
Relationship Of Acacia Research Corporation And Our Company After The Split Off
 
33
 
Selected Financial Data
 
34
 
Management’s Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations
 
36
 
Market Price Of And Dividends On Common Equity And Related Stockholder Matters
 
50
 
Directors And Executive Officers
 
51
 
Executive Compensation
 
55
 
Certain Relationships And Related Transactions
 
62
 
Security Ownership Of Certain Beneficial Owners And Management
 
62
 
Experts
 
64
 
Index To Financial Statements
 
F-1
 
 
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors including those set forth under the heading "Risk Factors" in this prospectus.



SUMMARY
 
REASON FOR FURNISHING THIS PROSPECTUS
 
We are furnishing this prospectus to provide information to holders of AR-CombiMatrix stock whose shares will be redeemed for shares of our common stock in the split off. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT, AND IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS, AN INDUCEMENT OR ENCOURAGEMENT TO BUY OR SELL ANY OF OUR SECURITIES OR THOSE OF ACACIA. The information contained in this prospectus is believed by us to be accurate as of the date set forth on its cover. Changes may occur after that date, and we will not update the information except in the normal course of our public disclosure obligations and practices and as otherwise required by the Securities Act of 1933.
 
OUR COMPANY
 
We are a life sciences technology company with a proprietary system for rapid, cost competitive creation of DNA and other compounds on a programmable semiconductor chip. This proprietary technology has applications in the areas of genomics, proteomics, biosensors, drug discovery, drug development, diagnostics, combinatorial chemistry, material sciences and nanotechnology. Through the year ended December 31, 2005, our business included two operating subsidiaries, CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. and CombiMatrix K.K.   In January of 2006, we sold 67% of our ownership interest in CombiMatrix K.K. to a third party.
 
We are seeking to become a broadly diversified biotechnology business, through the development of proprietary technologies, products and services in the areas of drug development, genetic analysis, molecular diagnostics, nanotechnology research, defense and homeland security markets, as well as other potential markets where our products could be utilized. Among the technologies we have developed is a platform technology to rapidly produce customizable arrays, which are semiconductor-based tools for use in identifying and determining the roles of genes, gene mutations and proteins. This technology has a wide range of potential applications in the areas of genomics, proteomics, biosensors, drug discovery, drug development, diagnostics, combinatorial chemistry, material sciences and nanotechnology. Other technologies include proprietary molecular synthesis and screening methods for the discovery of potential new drugs. CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary located in Irvine, California, is exploring opportunities for our arrays in the field of molecular diagnostics. CombiMatrix K.K., a previously wholly owned Japanese corporation located in Tokyo, Japan, has existed for the purposes of exploring opportunities for our array system with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in the Asian market.
 
Our principal executive office is located at 6500 Harbour Heights Parkway, Suite 301, Mukilteo, WA 98275, and our phone number is (425) 493-2000.
 
RELATIONSHIP TO ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION AFTER SPLIT OFF
 
We are currently a wholly owned subsidiary of Acacia. Following the split off, we will no longer be an affiliate of Acacia. Management of Acacia, including Acacia’s senior officers and directors, will no longer be affiliates of our company.
 
We are entering into a Distribution Agreement and a Tax Allocation Agreement with Acacia to be effective on the redemption date. Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the assets and liabilities of the CombiMatrix group will be legally transferred to CombiMatrix Corporation or its subsidiaries, to the extent not already owned by them. In addition, Acacia’s ownership of any subsidiary attributable to the CombiMatrix group will be contributed to CombiMatrix Corporation. The consequences of the Distribution Agreement will not have a material affect on our financial statements.
 
Pursuant to the Tax Allocation Agreement, we will agree to reimburse Acacia for all taxes owed by the CombiMatrix group for the period prior to the split off. We will also agree to indemnify Acacia if our conduct following the split off causes the split off to be taxable to Acacia or its shareholders. Acacia will agree to indemnify our company for any tax liability resulting from the split off and relating to their respective actions prior to or after the split off. We believe the transaction will qualify as a tax-free reorganization, so we do not expect any tax liability for the split off related to our conduct prior to the split off. We would be liable to Acacia if our conduct following the split off caused the split off to be taxable to Acacia or its shareholders.
 
1

 
SPLIT OFF
 
·   Company effecting split off
 
Acacia Research Corporation
 
·   Split off company
 
CombiMatrix Corporation
 
·   Redemption date
 
*
 
·   Shares Outstanding
Before Split Off
After Split Off
52,365,810
52,365,810
 
·   Proposed Trading Symbol Following Split Off
 
CBMX
 
Redemption date
 
The redemption date is 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on *. From and after the redemption date, all of your rights as a holder of AR-CombiMatrix stock shall cease, except for the right to receive shares of our common stock upon the surrender of your shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock.
 
Split off ratio
 
Each share of AR-CombiMatrix stock will be redeemed in exchange for one share of our common stock.
 
Exchange agent, transfer agent and registrar for the shares
 
Our transfer agent will be U.S. Stock Transfer, located in Glendale, California.
 
Surrendering shares
 
We will deliver or make available to each holder of AR-CombiMatrix stock, from and after the redemption date, a letter of transmittal with which to surrender his or her shares in the redemption in exchange for shares of the appropriate series of our common stock.
 
Shares to be outstanding following split off
 
Following the split off, the former holders of AR-CombiMatrix stock will hold all of the outstanding shares of our common stock. On the redemption date, there will be outstanding 52,365,810 shares of our common stock, based upon the number of shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock outstanding on December 15, 2006, and assuming no exercise of outstanding stock options or warrants.
 
Federal income tax consequences of the split off
 
Acacia has received a private letter ruling from the IRS in form and substance that is satisfactory to us and Acacia, with regard to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the split off to the effect that the split off will be treated as a tax-free exchange under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. In a tax-free exchange, the holders of AR-CombiMatrix stock will not incur federal income tax as a result of the redemption.
 
Stock exchange listing
 
There is currently no public market for CombiMatrix Corporation’s common stock. We will apply to list our common stock on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol "CBMX."
 
No appraisal rights
 
Holders of AR-CombiMatrix stock have no dissenters’ rights in connection with the split off.

2


DIAGRAM OF SPLIT OFF
 
3


SUMMARY HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA
 
In the table below, we provide you with selected historical consolidated financial data of CombiMatrix Corporation, which is consistent with the CombiMatrix Group historical financial data included in Acacia’s periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange commission. We derived the historical consolidated financial data from our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and the interim consolidated financial data from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
For the Nine Months
Ended September 30,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2005
 
2006
 
               
(unaudited)
 
   
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
                               
Revenues
 
$
456
 
$
19,641
 
$
8,033
 
$
4,389
 
$
4,881
 
Operating expenses
   
(19,805
)
 
(19,397
)
 
(21,936
)
 
(15,629
)
 
(21,381
)
Other income
   
214
   
330
   
1,335
   
491
   
1,008
 
Income (loss) before minority interests and income taxes:
   
(19,135
)
 
574
   
(12,568
)
 
(10,749
)
 
(15,492
)
Benefit for income taxes
   
136
   
136
   
167
   
133
   
34
 
Minority interests
   
30
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Net income (loss)
 
$
(18,969
)
$
710
 
$
(12,401
)
$
(10,616
)
$
(15,458
)
Unaudited pro forma net loss per share (1) :
Basic and diluted
             
$
(0.24
)
     
$
(0.30
)
                                 

 
   
December 31,
 
September 30,
 
Pro Forma
September 30,
 
   
2004
 
2005
 
2006
 
2006(2)
 
           
(unaudited)
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
                         
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments
 
$
23,712
 
$
20,265
 
$
8,755
       
Working capital
   
22,135
   
19,185
   
7,324
       
Total assets
   
55,388
   
52,593
   
39,424
       
Total liabilities:
   
8,560
   
7,495
   
5,204
 
$
4,485
 
Allocated net worth
   
46,828
   
45,098
   
34,220
   
34,939
 
                           
_________________________
 
(1)
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share has been computed by dividing net loss for the period by the number of AR-CombiMatrix shares assumed to be outstanding and converted into common stock of CombiMatrix Corporation as of the redemption date.
 
(2)
Pro forma balance sheet data reflects the reclassification of common stock warrants that have historically been classified as long term liabilities due to Acacia’s redeemable equity structure, but which will be classified as permanent equity in CombiMatrix Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets after the Redemption Date.
 
Please refer to the factors affecting comparability listed in the “Selected Financial Data” section included below.

4


RISK FACTORS
 
An investment in our stock involves a number of risks. If any of the risks discussed in this prospectus actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. If this were to occur, the trading price of our securities could decline significantly.
 
RISKS RELATED TO THE SPLIT OFF
 
After the separation, we will be required to raise capital on a stand-alone basis, and we will not have the benefit of Acacia’s consolidated financial strength or size to support our capital needs.
 
Before the separation, a substantial portion of our operations was financed by Acacia’s sales of AR-CombiMatrix stock. After the separation, we will be required to raise capital on a stand-alone basis. Although one of the purposes of the separation is to permit us to achieve what our management believes is the most appropriate capital structure for our businesses, there can be no assurance that this will be achieved, and the risk therefore exists that we may not be able to secure adequate debt or equity financing on desirable terms. If future developments in the capital markets adversely affect the biotechnology industry, we will not have the benefit of Acacia’s consolidated financial strength or size to support our capital needs.
 
After the separation, our access to and cost of debt financing may be different from the historical access to and cost of debt financing of Acacia. Differences in access to and cost of debt financing may result in differences in the interest rate charged to us on financings, as well as the amounts of indebtedness, types of financing structures and debt markets that may be available to us. Although one of the purposes of the separation is to permit CombiMatrix Corporation to achieve what our management believes is the most appropriate capital structure for our business, we may not be able to secure adequate debt or equity financing on desirable terms. Further, if future developments in the capital market adversely affect the biotechnology industry, we will not have the benefit of Acacia's consolidated financial strength to support our capital needs.
 
Our historical financial information may not be representative of the results of CombiMatrix Corporation as an independent entity, and, therefore, may not be reliable as an indicator of our historical or future results.
 
The historical financial information included in this document may not reflect what our results of operations, financial position and cash flows would have been had we been an independent entity for the periods presented. Because the financial information included in this document reflects allocations for services provided to the CombiMatrix group by Acacia, these allocations may not reflect the costs we would have incurred for similar or incremental services as an independent entity. In addition, the historical financial information included in this document does not reflect transactions that have occurred since September 30, 2006, or that are expected to occur in connection with the separation. This historical financial information also may not be reliable as an indicator of future results.
 
After the separation, our common stock may fail to meet the investing guidelines of institutional investors, which may negatively affect the price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of common stock.
 
Some of the holders of AR-CombiMatrix stock are institutional investors bound by various investing guidelines. In some cases companies are selected by institutional investors based on factors such as market capitalization, industry, trading liquidity and financial condition. The separation will reduce Acacia’s market capitalization. As a result, our common stock that the holders of AR-CombiMatrix stock will receive in the separation may not meet the investing guidelines of some institutional investors. Consequently, these institutional investors may be required to sell the CombiMatrix Corporation common stock that they receive in the separation or the AR-CombiMatrix stock prior to the redemption date. A sufficient number of buyers may not be available in the market to absorb these potential sales. Consequently, the stock price of our common stock may fall. Any such decline could impair our ability to raise capital through future sales of common stock.
 
We may not be able to engage in desirable strategic transactions and equity issuances following the separation.
 
Under Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code, Acacia will recognize taxable gain on the separation if there are one or more acquisitions of our stock representing 50% or more of CombiMatrix stock, measured by vote or value, and the stock acquisitions are found to be part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the separation. Our ability to issue additional equity or engage in other strategic transactions may be constrained because the issuance or acquisition of additional capital stock may cause the separation to be taxable to Acacia, and under the tax allocation agreement we would be required to indemnify Acacia against that tax. For a summary of Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code, see " Federal income tax consequences of the split off " below.
 
5


We could incur significant tax liability if the split off from Acacia does not qualify for tax-free treatment.
 
Acacia received a private letter ruling from the IRS to the effect that, among other things, the split off was tax free to Acacia and the Acacia stockholders under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code. The private letter ruling, while generally binding upon the IRS, was based upon factual representations and assumptions and commitments on our behalf with respect to future operations made in the ruling request. The IRS could modify or revoke the private letter ruling retroactively if the factual representations and assumptions in the request were materially incomplete or untrue, the facts upon which the private letter ruling was based were materially different from the facts at the time of the split off, or if we do not meet certain commitments made.
 
If the split off failed to qualify under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code, corporate tax would be payable by the consolidated group of which Acacia is the common parent based upon the difference between the aggregate fair market value of the assets of our business and the adjusted tax bases of such business to Acacia prior to the split off. The corporate level tax would be payable by Acacia. We have agreed however, to indemnify Acacia for this and certain other tax liabilities if they result from actions taken by us or from the split off. In addition, under the Internal Revenue Code’s consolidated return regulations, each member of the Acacia consolidated group, including our company, will be severally liable for these tax liabilities. If we are required to indemnify Acacia for these liabilities or otherwise are found liable to the IRS for these liabilities, the resulting obligation could materially and adversely affect our financial condition.
 
Our common stock will trade as a new listing on the American Stock Exchange, and if the price of our stock does not meet the minimum requirements for stabilizing above $3.00 per share, our stock may be delisted from Amex.
 
Although AR-CombiMatrix stock is currently traded on Nasdaq, our company will be subject to the new listing requirements of Nasdaq or another national exchange. As a result, we are submitting a new listing application for our stock to be traded on Amex. There can be no assurance that our stock will be accepted for listing on Amex. Our common stock will be subject to the new listing requirements of Amex that include a requirement that the stock initially trade above $3.00 per share. If the price of our common stock following the redemption does not stabilize at $3.00 or more per share, our stock may be delisted from Amex. If we are delisted from Amex, our stock will likely be traded on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board until we are able to meet the listing requirements of Amex or another national exchange. Failure to maintain a market for our stock on Amex or another national exchange will likely have a negative impact upon the trading price of our stock.
 
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
 
We will not be able to meet our cash requirements beyond the next 10 months without obtaining additional capital from external sources, and if we are unable to do so, we may not be able to continue as a going concern.
 
As a result of our recent financings with Oppenheimer & Co. and Cornell Capital, our cash and cash equivalent balances, anticipated cash flows from operations and other external sources of available credit should be sufficient to meet our cash requirements through September 30 2007. In order for us to continue as a going concern beyond this point, we will be required to obtain capital from external sources. If external financing sources are not available or are inadequate to fund our operations, it could result in reduced revenues and cash flows from the sales of our CustomArray products and services and/or could jeopardize our ability to launch, market and sell additional products and services necessary to grow and sustain our operations in order to eventually achieve profitability. As a result of the above, the audit opinion on our consolidated financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2005 includes an emphasis of a matter paragraph regarding our ability to continue as a going concern as described in footnote 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus. You should review the additional information about our liquidity and capital resources in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of this registration statement.
 
We have a history of losses and expect to incur additional losses in the future.
 
We have sustained substantial losses since our inception resulting in consolidated accumulated net losses as of December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006, of $124.6 million and $140.1 million, respectively. We may never become profitable, or if we do, we may never be able to sustain profitability. We expect to incur significant research and development, marketing, general and administrative expenses. As a result, we expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future. Our consolidated cash and cash equivalents along with short-term investments totaled $20.3 million and $8.8 million at December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006, respectively.

6


To date, we have relied primarily upon selling equity securities, as well as payments from strategic partners, to generate the funds needed to finance the implementation of our business strategies. We cannot assure you that we will not encounter unforeseen difficulties, including the outside influences identified above that may deplete our capital resources more rapidly than anticipated. As a result, our subsidiary companies may be required to obtain additional financing through bank borrowings, debt or equity financings or otherwise, which would require us to make additional investments or face a dilution of our equity interests. Any efforts to seek additional funds could be made through equity, debt or other external financings. Nevertheless, we cannot assure that additional funding will be available on favorable terms, if at all. If we fail to obtain additional funding when needed for our subsidiary companies and ourselves, we may not be able to execute our business plans and our business may suffer.
 
The recent decline in AR-CombiMatrix stock price could result in a goodwill impairment for CombiMatrix Corporation.
 
Due to the recent decline in the AR-CombiMatrix stock, our market value as indicated by the trading of AR-CombiMatrix stock has approximated our book value at times during the fourth quarter of 2006, though currently exceeds our book value by approximately $13 million as of the date of this prospectus filing. Should the AR-CombiMatrix stock or the value of our common stock following the redemption continue to decline below our book value and if management concludes that the decline is other than temporary, our goodwill in the amount of $16.9 million as of September 30, 2006, could be impaired.
 
Because our business operations are subject to many uncontrollable outside influences, we may not succeed.
 
Our business operations are subject to numerous risks from outside influences, including the following:
 
 
 
·
Technological advances may make our semiconductor based array technology obsolete or less competitive, and as a result, our revenue and the value of our assets could become obsolete or less competitive.
 
Our products and services are dependent upon our semiconductor based array technology. The semiconductor based array technology is an advancement in conventional arrays that are used for the same purpose. Current array technologies have revolutionized drug discovery and development, and we believe that our array technology provides characteristics, including flexibility, superior cost metrics, and performance, which address certain needs of the life sciences market which are not addressed by conventional arrays and offers the latest in technological advances in this area. Our products and services are substantially dependent upon our ability to offer the latest in semiconductor based array technology in the SNP genotyping, gene expression profiling and proteomic markets. We believe technological advances of conventional arrays and semiconductor based arrays are currently being developed by our existing competition and potential new competitors in the market, including Affymetrix, Inc., Agilent Technologies, Inc., Applera Corporation, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc., Gene Logic Inc., Illumina, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Nanogen, Inc., Orchid Biosciences, Inc., Roche Diagnostics GmbH and Sequenom, Inc. We also expect to face additional competition from new market entrants and consolidation of our existing competitors. Many of our competitors have existing strategic relationships with major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, greater commercial experience and substantially greater financial and personnel resources than we do. We expect new competitors to emerge and the intensity of competition to increase in the future. If these companies are able to offer technological advances to conventional arrays or semiconductor-based arrays, our products may become less valuable or even obsolete. While we continue to invest resources in research and development to enhance the technology of our products and services, we cannot provide any assurance that our competitors or new competitors will not enter the market with the same or similar technological advances before we are able to do so.
 
 
·
New environmental regulation may materially increase the net losses of our business.
 
Our operations involve the use, transportation, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, and as a result it is subject to environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. Any changes in these laws and regulations could increase our compliance costs, and as a result, could materially increase our net losses.
 
 
·
Our technologies face uncertain market value.
 
Our business includes the following technologies and products, some of which were recently introduced into the market: CustomArray™, DNA Microarray, 12K DNA expression array and related products, Design-on-Demand™ Arrays, NanoArray™ technology and our Bench-Top DNA Microarray Synthesizer for CustomArray™. These technologies and products have not gained widespread market acceptance, and we cannot provide any assurance that the increase, if any, in market acceptance of these technologies and products will meet or exceed our expectations.

7


Further, we are currently developing the following technologies and products, some of which have not yet been introduced into the market: (a) microarray technology for the detection of biological threat agents, (b) molecular diagnostics drug discovery and development using the CustomArray platform, and (c) additional products for the research and development and diagnostics markets including higher density arrays. The level of market acceptance of these technologies and products will have a significant impact upon our results of operations, and we cannot provide any assurance that the increase, if any, in market acceptance of these technologies and products will meet or exceed our expectations .
 
 
·
The foregoing outside influences may affect other risk factors described in this prospectus
 
Any one of the foregoing outside influences may cause our company to need additional financing to meet the challenges presented or to compensate for a loss in revenue, and we may not be able to obtain the needed financing. Further, any one of the foregoing outside influences affecting our business could make it less likely that we will be able to gain acceptance of our array technology by researchers in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and academic communities. See the heading "If our new and unproven technology is not used by researchers in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and academic communities, our business will suffer" beginning on page 10 of this prospectus.
 
We must enter into new strategic partnerships to generate revenue consistent with our operating history of working with strategic partners such as Roche Diagnostics GmbH.
 
In March 2004, we completed all phases of our research and development agreement with Roche Diagnostics GmbH (" Roche "). As a result of completing all of our obligations under this agreement and in accordance with our revenue recognition policies for multiple-element arrangements, we recognized all previously deferred Roche related contract revenues totaling $17,302,000 during the first quarter of 2004. To date, we have relied primarily upon selling equity securities, as well as payments from strategic partners, to generate the funds needed to finance the implementation of our business strategies. Prior to 2004 , we had been dependent on our arrangements with Roche and relied upon payments by Roche and other partners for a majority of our working capital needs. We intend to enter into additional strategic partnerships to develop and commercialize future products. We are deploying unproven technologies and continue to develop our commercial products. There can be no assurance that we will be able to implement our future plans. Our failure to achieve our plans would have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our intended business objectives.
 
We may fail to meet market expectations because of fluctuations in our quarterly operating results, which could cause our stock price to decline.
 
Our revenues and operating results have fluctuated in the past and may continue to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter in the future. It is possible that in future periods our revenues could fall below the expectations of securities analysts or investors, which could cause the market price of our stock to decline. The following are among the factors that could cause our operating results to fluctuate significantly from period to period:
 
 
·
our unpredictable revenue sources, as described below;
 
 
·
the nature, pricing and timing of our and our competitors’ products;
 
 
·
changes in our and our competitors’ research and development budgets;
 
 
·
expenses related to, and our ability to comply with, governmental regulations of our products and processes; and
 
 
·
expenses related to, and the results of, patent filings and other proceedings relating to intellectual property rights.
 
We anticipate significant fixed expenses due in part to our need to continue to invest in product development. We may be unable to adjust our expenditures if revenues in a particular period fail to meet our expectations, which would harm our operating results for that period. As a result of these fluctuations, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our financial results will not necessarily be meaningful, and you should not rely on these comparisons as an indication of our future performance.
 
8

 
Our revenues will be unpredictable, and this may harm our financial condition.
 
The amount and timing of revenues that we may realize from our business will be unpredictable because:
 
 
·
whether our products and services are commercialized and generate revenues depends, in part, on the efforts and timing of our potential customers; and
 
 
·
our sales cycles may be lengthy.
 
As a result, our revenues may vary significantly from quarter to quarter, which could make our business difficult to manage and cause our quarterly results to be below market expectations. If this happens, the price of our common stock may decline significantly.
 
Technology company stock prices are especially volatile, and this volatility may depress the price of our stock.
 
The stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations, and the market prices of technology companies, particularly biotechnology companies, has been highly volatile. In addition, our stock has historically experienced greater price fluctuations than the biotechnology index of other Nasdaq listed stock. We believe that various factors may cause the market price of our stock to fluctuate, perhaps substantially, including, among others, announcements of:
 
 
 
·
our or our competitors’ technological innovations;
 
 
·
developments or disputes concerning patents or proprietary rights;
 
 
·
supply, manufacturing or distribution disruptions or other similar problems;
 
 
·
proposed laws regulating participants in the biotechnology industry;
 
 
·
developments in relationships with collaborative partners or customers;
 
 
·
our failure to meet or exceed securities analysts’ expectations of our financial results; or
 
 
·
a change in financial estimates or securities analysts’ recommendations.
 
In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been the objects of securities class action litigation. If our stock was the object of securities class action litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could materially harm the business and financial results of our business.
 
We are deploying new and unproven technologies, which makes evaluation of our business and prospects difficult, and we may be forced to cease operations if we do not develop commercially successful products.
 
We have not proven our ability to commercialize products on a large scale. In order to successfully commercialize products on a large scale, we will have to make significant investments, including investments in research and development and testing, to demonstrate their technical benefits and cost-effectiveness. Problems frequently encountered in connection with the commercialization of products using new and unproven technologies might limit our ability to develop and commercialize our products. For example, our products may be found to be ineffective, unreliable or otherwise unsatisfactory to potential customers. We may experience unforeseen technical complications in the processes we use to develop, manufacture, customize or receive orders for our products. These complications could materially delay or limit the use of products we attempt to commercialize, substantially increase the anticipated cost of our products or prevent us from implementing our processes at appropriate quality and scale levels, thereby causing our business to suffer.
 
We may need to raise additional capital in the future, and if additional capital is not available on acceptable terms, we may have to curtail or cease operations.
 
Our future capital requirements will be substantial and will depend on many factors including how quickly we commercialize our products, the progress and scope of our collaborative and independent research and development projects, the filing, prosecution, enforcement and defense of patent claims and the need to obtain regulatory approval for certain products in the United States or elsewhere. Changes may occur that would cause our available capital resources to be consumed significantly sooner than we expect.

9


We may be unable to raise sufficient additional capital on favorable terms or at all. If we fail to do so, we may have to curtail or cease operations or enter into agreements requiring us to relinquish rights to certain technologies, products or markets because we will not have the capital necessary to exploit them.
 
If we do not enter into successful partnerships and collaborations with other companies, we may not be able to fully develop our technologies or products, and our business would be harmed.
 
Since we do not possess all of the resources necessary to develop and commercialize products that may result from our technologies on a mass scale, we will need either to grow our sales, marketing and support group or make appropriate arrangements with strategic partners to market, sell and support our products. We believe that we will have to enter into additional strategic partnerships to develop and commercialize future products. If we do not enter into adequate agreements, or if our existing arrangements or future agreements are not successful, our ability to develop and commercialize products will be impacted negatively, and our revenues will be adversely affected.
 
We have limited experience commercially manufacturing, marketing or selling any of our potential products, and unless we develop these capabilities, we may not be successful.
 
Even if we are able to develop our products for commercial release on a large-scale, we have limited experience in manufacturing our products in the volumes that will be necessary for us to achieve commercial sales and in marketing or selling our products to potential customers. We cannot assure you that we will be able to commercially produce our products on a timely basis, in sufficient quantities or on commercially reasonable terms.
 
We face intense competition, and we cannot assure you that we will be successful competing in the market.
 
We expect to compete with companies that design, manufacture and market instruments for analysis of genetic variation and function and other applications using established sequential and parallel testing technologies. We are also aware of other biotechnology companies that have or are developing testing technologies for the SNP genotyping, gene expression profiling and proteomic markets. We anticipate that we will face increased competition in the future as new companies enter the market with new technologies and our competitors improve their current products.
 
The markets for our products are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changes in customer needs, emerging competition and new product introductions. One or more of our competitors may offer technology superior to ours and render our technology obsolete or uneconomical. Many of our competitors have greater financial and personnel resources and more experience in marketing, sales and research and development than we have. Some of our competitors currently offer arrays with greater density than we do and have rights to intellectual property, such as genomic information or proprietary technology, which provides them with a competitive advantage. If we were not able to compete successfully, our business and financial condition would be materially harmed.
 
If our new and unproven technology is not used by researchers in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and academic communities, our business will suffer.
 
Our products may not gain market acceptance. In that event, it is unlikely that our business will succeed. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies and academic research centers have historically analyzed genetic variation and function using a variety of technologies, and many of them have made significant capital investments in existing technologies. Compared to existing technologies, our technologies are new and unproven. In order to be successful, our products must meet the commercial requirements of the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and academic communities as tools for the large-scale analysis of genetic variation and function. Market acceptance will depend on many factors, including:
 
 
·
the development of a market for our tools for the analysis of genetic variation and function, the study of proteins and other purposes;
 
 
·
the benefits and cost-effectiveness of our products relative to others available in the market;
 
 
·
our ability to manufacture products in sufficient quantities with acceptable quality and reliability and at an acceptable cost;
 
 
·
our ability to develop and market additional products and enhancements to existing products that are responsive to the changing needs of our customers;
 
 
·
the willingness and ability of customers to adopt new technologies requiring capital investments or the reluctance of customers to change technologies in which they have made a significant investment; and
 
 
·
the willingness of customers to transmit test data and permit the CombiMatrix group to transmit test results over the Internet, which will be a necessary component of our product and services packages unless customers purchase or license our equipment for use in their own facilities.
 

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If the market for analysis of genomic information does not develop or if genomic information is not available to our potential customers, our business will not succeed.
 
We are designing our technology primarily for applications in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and academic communities. The usefulness of our technology depends in part upon the availability of genomic data. We are initially focusing on markets for analysis of genetic variation and function, namely gene expression profiling. These markets are new and emerging, and they may not develop as we anticipate, or at all. Also, researchers may not seek or be able to convert raw genomic data into medically valuable information through the analysis of genetic variation and function. If genomic data is not available for use by our customers or if our target markets do not emerge in a timely manner, or at all, demand for our products will not develop as we expect, and we may never become profitable.
 
Our future success depends on the continued service of our engineering, technical and key management personnel and our ability to identify, hire and retain additional engineering, technical and key management personnel.
 
There is intense competition for qualified personnel in our industry, particularly for engineers and senior level management. Loss of the services of, or failure to recruit, engineers or other technical and key management personnel could be significantly detrimental to the group and could adversely affect our business and operating results. We may not be able to continue to attract and retain engineers or other qualified personnel necessary for the development of our products and business or to replace engineers or other qualified personnel who may leave the group in the future. Our anticipated growth is expected to place increased demands on our resources and likely will require the addition of new management personnel.
 
The expansion of our product lines may subject us to regulation by the United States Food and Drug Administration and foreign regulatory authorities, which could prevent or delay our introduction of new products.
 
If we manufacture, market or sell any products for any regulated clinical or diagnostic applications, those products will be subject to extensive governmental regulation as medical devices in the United States by the FDA and in other countries by corresponding foreign regulatory authorities. The process of obtaining and maintaining required regulatory clearances and approvals is lengthy, expensive and uncertain. Products that we manufacture, market or sell for research purposes only are not subject to governmental regulations as medical devices or as analyte specific reagents to aid in disease diagnosis. We believe that our success will depend upon commercial sales of improved versions of products, certain of which cannot be marketed in the United States and other regulated markets unless and until we obtain clearance or approval from the FDA and our foreign counterparts, as the case may be. Delays or failures in receiving these approvals may limit our ability to benefit from our new products.
 
As our operations expand, our costs to comply with environmental laws and regulations will increase, and failure to comply with these laws and regulations could harm our financial results.
 
Our operations involve the use, transportation, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, and as a result we are subject to environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. As we expand our operations, our use of hazardous substances will increase and lead to additional and more stringent requirements. The cost to comply with these and any future environmental and health and safety regulations could be substantial. In addition, our failure to comply with laws and regulations, and any releases of hazardous substances into the environment or at our disposal sites, could expose our group to substantial liability in the form of fines, penalties, remediation costs and other damages, or could lead to a curtailment or shut down of our operations. These types of events, if they occur, would adversely impact our financial results.
 
Our business depends on issued and pending patents, and the loss of any patents or our failure to secure the issuance of patents covering elements of our business processes would materially harm our business and financial condition.
 
Our success depends on our ability to protect and exploit our intellectual property. We currently have five patents issued in the United States, three patents issued in Europe and 87 patent applications pending in the United States, Europe and elsewhere. The patents covering our core technology begin to expire January 5, 2018.
 
The patent application process before the United States Patent and Trademark Office and other similar agencies in other countries is initially confidential in nature. Patent Applications that are filed outside the United States, however, are published approximately eighteen months after filing. Similarly, patent applications that are filed in the United States will be published approximately eighteen months after filing unless the applicant has opted out of publication and will not file any foreign applications on the same invention. Due to the confidential nature of the patent application process, we cannot determine in a timely manner whether patent applications covering technology that competes with our technology have been filed in the United States or other foreign countries or which, if any, will ultimately issue or be granted as enforceable patents. Considering our patent applications and those of others, some of our patent applications may claim compositions, methods or uses that may also be claimed in patent applications filed by others. In some or all of these applications, a determination of priority of inventorship may need to be decided in a proceeding before the United States Patent and Trademark Office or a court. In contrast, in foreign jurisdictions, the first to file on the invention will generally prevail on a priority contest. If we are unsuccessful in these invention ownership proceedings, we could be blocked from further developing, commercializing or selling products that fall under the scope of the claims of the patents that issue to others. Regardless of the ultimate outcome, this ownership determination process can be time-consuming and expensive.

11


Any inability to adequately protect our proprietary technologies could materially harm our competitive position and financial results.
 
If we do not protect our intellectual property adequately, competitors may be able to use our technologies and erode any competitive advantage that we may have. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting their proprietary rights abroad. These problems can be caused by the absence of laws, rules and/or methods for defending intellectual property rights.
 
The patent positions of companies developing tools for the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and academic communities, including our patent position, generally are uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. We will be able to protect our proprietary rights from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that our proprietary technologies are covered by valid and enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets. Our existing patents and any future issued or granted patents we obtain may not be sufficiently broad in scope to prevent others from practicing our technologies or from developing competing products. There also is a risk that others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or design around our patented technologies. In addition, others may cause reexamination of our patents in the United States or may oppose our patents in Europe, either of which may result in narrower patent claims or cancellation of some or all of the patent claims, or invalidate our patents during enforcement proceedings, or our patents may fail to provide us with any competitive advantage. Enforcing our intellectual property rights may be difficult, costly and time-consuming and ultimately may not be successful.
 
We also rely upon trade secret protection of our confidential and proprietary information. While we have taken security measures to protect our proprietary information, these measures may not provide adequate protection for our trade secrets or other proprietary information. We seek to protect our proprietary information by entering into confidentiality and invention disclosure and transfer agreements with employees, collaborators and consultants. Nevertheless, employees, collaborators or consultants still may disclose our proprietary information, and we may not be able to meaningfully protect our trade secrets. In addition, others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets.
 
Any litigation to protect our intellectual property, or any third-party claims of infringement, could divert substantial time and money from our business and could shut down some of our operations.
 
Our commercial success depends in part on our non-infringement of the patents or proprietary rights of third parties. Many companies developing technology for the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries use litigation aggressively as a strategy to protect and expand the scope of their intellectual property rights. Accordingly, third parties may assert that we are employing their proprietary technology without authorization. In addition, third parties may claim that use of our technologies infringes their current or future patents. The CombiMatrix group could incur substantial costs and the attention of our management and technical personnel could be diverted while defending ourselves against any of these claims. We may incur the same liabilities in enforcing our patents against others. We have not made any provision in our financial plans for potential intellectual property related litigation, and we may not be able to pursue litigation as aggressively as competitors with substantially greater financial resources.
 
If parties making infringement claims against us are successful, they may be able to obtain injunctive or other equitable relief, which effectively could block our ability to further develop, commercialize and sell products, and could result in the award of substantial damages against us. If we are unsuccessful in protecting and expanding the scope of our intellectual property rights, our competitors may be able to develop, commercialize and sell products that compete with us using similar technologies or obtain patents that could effectively block our ability to further develop, commercialize and sell our products. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us, we may be required to pay substantial damages and either discontinue those aspects of our business involving the technology upon which we infringed or obtain one or more licenses from third parties. While we may license additional technology in the future, we may not be able to obtain these licenses at a reasonable cost, or at all. In that event, we could encounter delays in product introductions while we attempt to develop alternative methods or products, and such attempts may not be successful. Defense of any lawsuit or failure to obtain any of these licenses could prevent us from commercializing available products.

12


A former Vice President of CombiMatrix Corporation has filed a complaint against the company with the U.S. Department of Labor alleging that he was wrongfully terminated.
 
A former Vice President of CombiMatrix Corporation, following his termination of employment, filed a complaint with the U.S. Department of Labor alleging that his employment was terminated out of fear the former employee would report the Company’s failure to disclose certain information to be disclosed to the public. See the section titled “Legal Proceedings” on page of this prospectus. This complaint was filed following a letter to the Board of Directors of Acacia Research Corporation containing the same allegations. Following an internal investigation in conjunction with Acacia’s outside counsel, neither Acacia’s Audit Committee nor outside counsel was able to verify any of the allegations made by the former employee. Nonetheless, in an abundance of caution, the Audit Committee engaged an independent counsel to conduct an investigation of the allegations. The independent counsel found no merit to the allegations. Management does not believe the allegations have any merit, nor does management believe the resolution of this matter will have any material affect upon the financial statements or other information included in this prospectus.
 
Because we have a limited operating history selling products and services, we cannot assure that our operations will be profitable.
 
We commenced operations in 1996 and began commercialization of our CustomArray platform in 2004 and accordingly, have a limited operating history generating revenues from products and services. In addition, we are still developing our product and service offerings and you should consider our prospects in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties frequently encountered by companies with such limited operating histories. Since we have a limited operating history, we cannot assure you that our operations will be profitable or that we will generate sufficient revenues to meet our expenditures and support our activities.
 
We have sustained substantial losses since our inception. If we continue to incur operating losses in future periods, we may not have enough money to expand our business and our subsidiary companies’ businesses in the future.
 
Failure to effectively manage our growth could place strains on our managerial, operational and financial resources and could adversely affect our business and operating results.
 
Our growth has placed, and is expected to continue to place, a strain on our managerial, operational and financial resources. Further, as our subsidiary companies’ businesses grow, we will be required to manage multiple relationships. Any further growth by us or our subsidiary companies or an increase in the number of our strategic relationships will increase this strain on our managerial, operational and financial resources. This strain may inhibit our ability to achieve the rapid execution necessary to successfully implement our business plan.
 
Our future success depends on our ability to expand our organization to match the growth of our subsidiaries.
 
As our subsidiaries grow, the administrative demands upon our management will grow, and our success will depend upon our ability to meet those demands. These demands include increased accounting, management, legal services, staff support for our board of directors, and general office services. We may need to hire additional qualified personnel to meet these demands, the cost and quality of which is dependent in part upon market factors outside of our control. Further, we will need to effectively manage the training and growth of our staff to maintain an efficient and effective workforce, and our failure to do so could adversely affect our business and operating results.
 
The availability of shares for sale in the future could reduce the market price of our common stock.
 
In the future, we may issue securities to raise cash for acquisitions. We may also pay for interests in additional subsidiary companies by using a combination of cash and our common stock or just our common stock. We may also issue securities convertible into our common stock. Any of these events may dilute your ownership interest in our company and have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.
 
In addition, sales of a substantial amount of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales may occur, could reduce the market price of our common stock. This could also impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of our securities.

13


Delaware law and our charter documents contain provisions that could discourage or prevent a potential takeover of CombiMatrix Corporation that might otherwise result in our stockholders receiving a premium over the market price of their shares.
 
Provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make more difficult the acquisition of our company by means of a tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and the removal of incumbent officers and directors. These provisions are discussed fully in the section titled "Delaware Anti-takeover Law and Provisions of Our Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws" beginning on page , incorporated herein by reference. Such potential obstacles to a takeover could adversely affect the ability of our stockholders to receive a premium price for their stock in the event another company wants to acquire us.

 
THE SPLIT OFF
 
GENERAL
 
Under the terms of Acacia’s charter, the Acacia board of directors may redeem, on a pro rata basis, all of the outstanding shares of Acacia’s AR-CombiMatrix stock for all of the outstanding shares owned by Acacia of one or more subsidiaries that hold all of the assets and liabilities attributed to Acacia’s CombiMatrix group (and hold no other material assets or liabilities). Acacia elected to exercise the right under its charter to redeem all outstanding shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock for shares of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock.
 
THE REDEMPTION; EXCHANGE RATIO
 
The redemption date is scheduled to occur at 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on *. On the redemption date, each share of AR-CombiMatrix stock will be redeemed for one share of our common stock. NO VOTE IS REQUIRED OR SOUGHT IN CONNECTION WITH THE SPLIT OFF, AND HOLDERS OF AR-COMBIMATRIX STOCK HAVE NO APPRAISAL RIGHTS IN CONNECTION WITH THE SPLIT OFF.
 
From and after the redemption date, all of your rights as a holder of AR-CombiMatrix stock shall cease, except for the right, upon the surrender to the exchange agent of your shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock, to receive shares of our common stock of a corresponding series. We will deliver or make available to all holders of AR-CombiMatrix stock, from and after the redemption date, a letter of transmittal with which to surrender their shares in the redemption in exchange for shares of the appropriate series of our common stock.
 
In addition, each option to purchase shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock, including stock options issued and outstanding under employee stock incentive plans on the redemption date, will be converted into a similar option to purchase shares of our common stock. Each outstanding warrant to purchase shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock will be converted into a similar warrant to purchase shares of our common stock at the same exercise price.
 
We will bear one-half of the costs and expenses of distribution incurred by us as a result of the split off, which we estimate will be $353,800. The other half will be borne by Acacia.
 
REASONS FOR THE SPLIT OFF
 
On January 9, 2006, Acacia announced that its board of directors had voted to exercise Acacia’s right under its charter to split off its CombiMatrix group subject to certain conditions. The business associated with the Acacia Technologies group is significantly different than our business. The business of the Acacia Technologies group includes significant patent litigation that, by its nature, creates financial risks not otherwise associated with the CombiMatrix group or our company following the redemption. The split off will prevent those future risks from impacting our business.
 
RESULTS OF THE SPLIT OFF
 
Upon consummation of the split off, we will be an independent public company owning and operating all of the businesses currently attributed to Acacia’s CombiMatrix group. Immediately after the split off, we expect to have over * holders of record of shares of our common stock and approximately 52,365,810 shares of our common stock outstanding, based upon the number of record holders and outstanding shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock on December 15, 2006, and assuming no exercise of outstanding stock options or warrants. The actual number of shares of our common stock to be distributed will be determined on the redemption date.

14


For information regarding options to purchase our common stock that will be outstanding after the split off, see " DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK " below.
 
REDEMPTION PROCEDURE
 
Pursuant to Acacia’s charter, from and after the redemption date, all rights of a holder of shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock shall cease, except for the right to receive shares of our common stock in exchange therefor. We will deliver to the holders of record of shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock on the redemption date a letter of transmittal containing written instructions for exchanging their shares for shares of our common stock. From and after the redemption date, letters of transmittal will also be available from the exchange agent.
 
For example, a holder of shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock that does not surrender those shares for redemption following the redemption date shall not be entitled to receive dividends or distributions paid on our common stock until he or she surrenders his or her shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock for redemption to the exchange agent. From and after the redemption date, we will be entitled to treat outstanding shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock that have not been surrendered for redemption as shares of our common stock for all relevant purposes.
 
SHARES OF AR-COMBIMATRIX STOCK MAY NOT BE SURRENDERED FOR REDEMPTION PRIOR TO THE REDEMPTION DATE.
 
TRANSFER TAXES
 
Holders who surrender their shares in the redemption will not be obligated to pay any transfer taxes in connection with the split off.
 
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE SPLIT OFF
 
The following discussion summarizes those U.S. federal income tax consequences resulting from the split off that materially affect Acacia and the holders of AR-CombiMatrix stock. This discussion is based upon currently existing provisions of the Code, existing and proposed Treasury Regulations thereunder and current administrative rulings and court decisions, all of which are subject to change. Any such change, which may or may not be retroactive, could alter the tax consequences to Acacia or the holders of AR-CombiMatrix stock as described in this prospectus.
 
Holders of AR-CombiMatrix stock should be aware that this discussion does not deal with all U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to particular stockholders in light of their particular circumstances, such as stockholders who are dealers in securities, banks, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations and non-United States persons. In addition, the following discussion does not address the tax consequences of the split off under U.S. state or local and non-U.S. tax laws or the tax consequences of transactions effectuated prior to or after the split off (whether or not such transactions are undertaken in connection with the split off).
 
ACCORDINGLY, HOLDERS OF AR-COMBIMATRIX STOCK ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE SPLIT OFF TO THEM.
 
Acacia has received a private letter ruling from the IRS, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to us and Acacia, with regard to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the split off to the effect that the split off will be treated as a tax-free exchange under Section 355 of the Code and that, accordingly, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
 
 
·
no gain or loss will be recognized by Acacia upon the exchange of our common stock for AR-CombiMatrix stock pursuant to the split off;
 
 
·
no gain or loss will be recognized by, and no amount will be included in the income of, a holder of AR-CombiMatrix stock upon the receipt of our common stock in exchange for AR-CombiMatrix stock pursuant to the split off;
 
 
·
the aggregate basis of our common stock in the hands of a former holder of AR-CombiMatrix stock will equal the aggregate basis of their shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock surrendered in exchange therefor; and
 
 
·
the holding period of our common stock received in the split off will include the holding period of AR-CombiMatrix stock exchanged therefor, provided that the shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock were held as a capital asset on the date of the split off.
 

15


Although the opinion may be relied upon by Acacia and our company, the continuing validity and applicability of the opinion will be subject to factual representations and assumptions, including the representation that AR-CombiMatrix stock is stock of Acacia and not of CombiMatrix Corporation. If any such factual representations or assumptions are incorrect or untrue in any material respect, the ruling may be invalidated. We are not aware of any facts or circumstances that would cause such representations and assumptions to be incorrect or untrue in any material respect. Nevertheless, if Acacia consummates the split off and the split off is held to be taxable, both Acacia and the holders of AR-CombiMatrix stock would in all probability incur material tax liabilities. Under the tax allocation agreement between Acacia and us, we may be required to indemnify Acacia for certain tax liabilities that would be recognized by Acacia if the split off were taxable. Please see "Relationship Between Acacia and Our Company After the Split Off " for a more detailed discussion of the tax allocation agreement between Acacia and us.
 
Even if the split off otherwise qualifies for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Code, it may be disqualified as tax-free to Acacia under Section 355(e) of the Code if 50% or more of either the total combined voting power or the total fair market value of our stock or the stock of Acacia is acquired as part of a plan or series of related transactions that include the split off. For this purpose, any acquisitions of our stock or Acacia’s stock within two years before or after the split off are presumed to be part of such a plan, although Acacia or we may be able to rebut that presumption. If such an acquisition of our stock or Acacia’s stock triggers the application of Section 355(e), Acacia would recognize taxable gain, but the split off would generally be tax-free to each former holder of AR-CombiMatrix stock. Under the tax allocation agreement between Acacia and us, we may be required to indemnify Acacia for certain tax liabilities that are triggered by an acquisition of our stock. Please see "Relationship Between Acacia and Our Company After the Split Off" for a more detailed discussion of the tax allocation agreement between Acacia and us.
 
U.S. Treasury regulations require each former holder of AR-CombiMatrix stock that receives shares of CombiMatrix common stock in the split off to attach to the stockholder’s U.S. Federal income tax return for the year in which such stock is received a detailed statement setting forth such data as may be appropriate to show the applicability of Section 355 of the Code to the redemption. The information necessary to comply with this requirement will be sent to holders of AR-CombiMatrix stock together with the letter of transmittal to be used in surrendering their shares.
 
LISTING AND TRADING OF OUR COMMON STOCK
 
Although there is a market for AR-CombiMatrix stock, there is currently no public market for CombiMatrix Corporation’s common stock as we are currently a wholly owned subsidiary of Acacia. We plan to apply to list our common stock on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol "CBMX."
 
We cannot assure you as to the price at which our common stock will trade following the redemption. The trading prices of our common stock after the split off may be less than, equal to or greater than the trading price of AR-CombiMatrix stock prior to the split off.
 
Shares of our common stock issued in redemption of AR-CombiMatrix stock will be freely transferable, except for shares received by people who may have a special relationship or affiliation with us. People who may be considered our affiliates after the split off generally include individuals or entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with us. This may include some or all of our officers and directors. Persons who are our affiliates will be permitted to sell their shares only pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, such as exemptions afforded by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act or Rule 144 thereunder.

 
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
 
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
 
The following description of our capital stock and the provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws is a summary. Statements contained elsewhere in this prospectus relating to these provisions are not necessarily complete. We refer you to the restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws that we have filed with the SEC as exhibits to our registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part.
 
Our authorized capital stock consists of 180,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, and 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value.

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COMMON STOCK
 
As of December 15, 2006, there were 100 shares of common stock outstanding and held by one stockholder of record. As of the redemption date, we expect 52,365,810 shares of our common stock to be issued and outstanding, held by * stockholders of record, based upon the number of shares of AR-CombiMatrix common stock issued and outstanding and assuming no exercise of outstanding options, warrants or other derivative securities.
 
The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, including the election of directors, and do not have cumulative voting rights. Accordingly, the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors can elect all of the directors standing for election, if they so choose. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose. See "Market price of and dividends on common equity and related stockholder matters." Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of common stock will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities, subject to the prior rights of any preferred stock then outstanding. Following completion of this offering, no holder of common stock will have any preemptive or conversion right or other subscription right, and there are no redemption or sinking funds provisions applicable to the common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock are, and the common stock to be outstanding upon completion of this offering will be, fully paid and nonassessable.
 
PREFERRED STOCK
 
Currently there are no shares of our preferred stock outstanding. The board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue from time to time preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the number of shares, designations, preferences, powers, and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and the qualifications or restrictions of our preferred stock. The preferences, powers, rights and restrictions of different series of preferred stock may differ with respect to dividend rates, amounts payable on liquidation, voting rights, conversion rights, redemption provisions, sinking fund provisions, and purchase funds and other matters. The issuance of preferred stock could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of common stock or affect adversely the rights and powers, including voting rights, of the holders of common stock, and may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us.
 
WARRANTS
 
As of December 15, 2006, there were outstanding warrants entitling their holders to purchase an aggregate of 13,601,863 shares of AR-CombiMatrix common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $1.09 per share. Each such warrant shall, as of the redemption date, entitle each holder thereof to purchase the same number of shares of our common stock at the same exercise price currently contained in each such warrant.
 
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
 
None of our stockholders has a contractual right to require us to register any of its shares of common stock for sale under the Securities Act of 1933.
 
DELAWARE ANTI-TAKEOVER LAW AND PROVISIONS OF OUR RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
 
Provisions of Delaware law, our restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws could make more difficult the acquisition of our company by a third party and the removal of our incumbent officers and directors. These provisions, summarized below, are expected to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of our company to first negotiate with us. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited acquisition proposal outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging these proposals because, among other things, negotiation could result in an improvement of their terms.

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Delaware Takeover Statute
 
We are subject to Section 203 of Delaware Law, which regulates corporate acquisitions. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder, unless:
 
 
·
the board of directors approved the transaction in which the stockholder became an interested stockholder prior to the date the interested stockholder attained such status;
 
 
·
upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, he or she owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers; or
 
 
·
on or subsequent to the date the person became an interested stockholder the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special stockholders meeting by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of our outstanding voting stock not owned by the interested stockholders.
 
A business combination generally includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. In general, an interested stockholder is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, did own, 15% or more of a corporation’s voting stock. We do not believe Acacia is subject to the provisions of Section 203 because it has owned more than 15% of our common stock for more than three years.
 
Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaw Provisions
 
Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws may have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or discourage a third party from attempting to acquire, control of our company by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise. These provisions may also make the removal of incumbent officers and directors more difficult. These provisions are intended to discourage certain types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. These provisions may make it more difficult for stockholders to take specific corporate actions and could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in our control.
 
In particular, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide for the following:
 
 
·
Classified Board of Directors
 
Our board of directors is divided into three classes of the same or nearly the same number of directors, each serving staggered three-year terms, which means that only one class of directors may be elected at each annual meeting or special meeting in lieu of such annual meeting. These provisions may make the removal of incumbent directors difficult and may discourage third parties from attempting to circumvent the anti-takeover effects of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws by removing our incumbent directors.
 
 
·
No Written Consent of Stockholders
 
Any action to be taken by our stockholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting and may not be effected by written consent.
 
 
·
Special Meetings of Stockholders
 
Special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by the president, chief executive officer, chairman of the board of directors or a majority of the members of the board of directors.

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·
Advance Notice Requirement
 
Stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders must comply with advance notice procedures. These advance notice procedures require timely notice and apply in several situations, including stockholder proposals relating to the nominations of persons for election to the board of directors.
 
 
·
Amendment of Bylaws and Certificate of Incorporation
 
Our Board of Directors has the power to alter, amend or repeal our bylaws. The approval of not less that 66 2/3% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote is required to amend the provisions of our bylaws by stockholder action. The approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote is required to amend the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. These provisions will make it more difficult to circumvent the anti-takeover provisions of our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws.
 
 
·
Issuance of Undesignated Preferred Stock
 
Our board of directors is authorized to issue, without further action by the stockholders, up to 30,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with rights and preferences, including voting rights, designated from time to time by the board of directors. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock enables our board of directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise.
 
INDEMNIFICATION
 
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation permits us to, and our amended and restated bylaws provide that we will, indemnify our officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. We have entered into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that could require us, among other things, to indemnify them against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors and to advance their expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. We believe that the limitation of liability provision in our amended and restated bylaws and the indemnification agreements will facilitate our ability to continue to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve as directors and officers of our company.
 
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that our directors will not be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as directors except to the extent that an exemption or limitation of liability is not permitted under Delaware Law, as in effect from time to time. Delaware Law currently provides that directors of a company will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duty as directors, except for liability:
 
 
·
for any breach of their duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;
 
 
·
for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
 
 
·
for unlawful payment of dividend or unlawful stock repurchase or redemption, as provided under Delaware Law; or
 
 
·
for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
 
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is therefore unenforceable.

 
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
 
OVERVIEW
 
We are seeking to become a broadly diversified biotechnology business, through the development of proprietary technologies, products and services in the areas of drug development, genetic analysis, molecular diagnostics, nanotechnology research, defense and homeland security markets, as well as other potential markets where our products could be utilized. The technologies we have developed include a platform technology to rapidly produce customizable arrays, which are semiconductor-based tools for use in identifying and determining the roles of genes, gene mutations and proteins. This technology has a wide range of potential applications in the areas of genomics, proteomics, biosensors, drug discovery, drug development, diagnostics, combinatorial chemistry, material sciences and nanotechnology. Other technologies include proprietary molecular synthesis and screening methods for the discovery of potential new drugs.

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Through the year ended December 31, 2005, our life sciences business included our two subsidiaries, CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. and CombiMatrix K.K. In January of 2006, we sold 67% of our ownership interest in CombiMatrix K.K. to a third party, and we continue to retain a 33% ownership interest. CombiMatrix K.K., is a Japanese corporation located in Tokyo, Japan, and has existed for the purposes of exploring opportunities for our array system with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in the Asian market. Based upon the annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2005, this sale did not constitute the sale of a "significant subsidiary" as that term is defined by the Commission in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X. CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary located in Irvine, California, is exploring opportunities for our arrays in the field of molecular diagnostics.
 
BUSINESS
 
Technologies
 
 
·
Semiconductor Based Array
 
Our semiconductor based array technology enables the rapid, parallel synthesis, immobilization and detection of molecules and materials at discrete electrodes on a semiconductor chip. These chips, also known as microelectrode arrays, are used in multiple applications in the areas described above. Our technology integrates semiconductor micro fabrication, proprietary software, chemistry and hardware into systems that we believe will enable us, our customers and our partners to design and fabricate arrays for biological, diagnostic, material sciences and nanotechnology applications, typically within a few days. Our system should enable researchers to conduct rapid, iterative experiments in each of these fields.
 
Although there are numerous applications of our arrays in life sciences research, each depend on the synthesis, immobilization or detection of molecules at discrete sites on the array. Some specific applications include studies of genetic expression in cellular systems, genotyping and mutation analysis, synthesis of nucleic acid drugs, and others.
 
Utilizing this array technology, we are engaged in four strategic business areas:
 
1.
The development, manufacture and sale of research tools and services to life sciences researchers,
2.
The development of services and products in the field of molecular diagnostics,
3.
The development, manufacture and sale of biosensor systems and technology for national defense and homeland security, and
4.
The development of tools for applications in nanotechnology and materials science.
 
 
·
Method for Electrochemical Synthesis of Potential Drug Molecules
 
In addition to the semiconductor-based array, we are utilizing our expertise in electrochemistry to synthesize novel compounds, which can be screened in binding and cellular assays to determine their potential as new drugs. The types of molecules that can be synthesized electrochemically from precursors using various approaches, proprietary to our company, include organic compounds, nucleic acids, peptides and others. These molecules can then be utilized in biochemical and cellular screens to determine if they have appropriate potency to be considered for downstream pre-clinical and clinical drug development.
 
Utilizing this technology, our overall business strategy is the discovery of compounds that could be developed as clinical drug candidates, utilizing proprietary synthesis and screening methodologies.
 
 
·
Technologies and Compound Libraries for Oncological Drug Development
 
Through our minority ownership of Leuchemix, Inc., our company has access to proprietary compounds that have been shown to be cytotoxic towards certain cancers in vitro and in vivo. Many of these compounds were discovered through combinatorial chemistry, natural product chemistry and certain cellular screening assays. Leuchemix, Inc. has access to state of the art laboratories and equipment, which includes flow cytometry, molecular biology and cell culture facilities. In addition, Leuchemix, Inc. has access to a bank of over 150 primary leukemia specimens and a panel of 15 leukemia and lymphoma cell lines as well as several xenogenic animal model systems. Leuchemix also has licensed proprietary compounds and compound libraries, which are being developed as drugs against a number of oncology indications including hematological disorders as well as solid tumors.

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MARKET OVERVIEW
 
The markets for our products include pharmaceutical and biotechnology markets (also referred to as life sciences), molecular diagnostics, national defense and homeland security applications and the emerging markets for nanotechnology and new materials. In the future, if we are successful in developing approved drugs either internally or through our investments in companies such as Leuchemix, Inc., our market opportunities will expand to include pharmacies, physicians, hospitals, patients and other consumers of therapeutics. In addition, there may be opportunities for our products and services to address consumer-based genetic analysis as that market develops. At this time, the majority of our commercial efforts are focused on the life sciences, molecular diagnostics and national defense markets.
 
General Overview of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries
 
The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries continue to face increasing costs and risks in the drug discovery, development and commercialization process. According to industry statistics, the time required to commercialize a new drug can be 15 years and cost up to $1.7 billion. A primary component of the cost is the effort expended on drugs that failed to meet clinical and regulatory requirements due to a poor safety profile, efficacy in a small fraction of the patient population, or other similar reasons. The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are working to improve their efficiency and reduce the risks of failure by turning to new technologies to help identify deficiencies in drug candidates as early as possible and to stratify patient populations during clinical trials and post-approval. By identifying patients who are more likely to respond favorably to a drug (and excluding those that will either not respond or have an- adverse response), the potential market for the drug is decreased but the chance of achieving regulatory approval is increased. Stratification of patient populations is performed by analysis of blood or tissue of patients for protein or genetic biomarkers or expression patterns that are characteristic of responders and non-responders. We feel that our technology and products are ideally suited to aid in all segments of the drug discovery process and most importantly in the stratification of patients during clinical trials. In addition, CombiMatrix is developing approaches to utilize genetic information of individual patients to aid physicians in diagnosing disease and developing the best therapeutic approach to manage a patient’s disease.
 
Genes and Proteins
 
The human body is composed of billions of cells each containing DNA that encodes the basic instructions for cellular function. The complete set of an individual’s DNA is called the genome, and is organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are further divided into smaller regions called genes. Each gene is composed of a strand of four types of nucleotide bases, referred to as A, C, G and T. The bases of one DNA strand bind to the bases of the other strand in a specific fashion to form base pairs: the base A always binds with the base T and the base G always binds with the base C.
 
The human genome has approximately 3.0 billion nucleotides and their precise order is known as the DNA sequence. When a gene is turned on, or expressed , the genetic information encoded in the DNA is copied to a specific type of RNA, called messenger RNA, or mRNA. The mRNA provides instructions for the synthesis of proteins. Proteins direct cellular function and the development of individual traits and are involved in many diseases. Abnormal variations in the sequence of a gene or in the level of gene expression can interfere with the normal physiology of particular cells and lead to a disease, a predisposition to a disease or an adverse response to drugs.
 
Gene Expression Profiling
 
Gene expression profiling is the process of determining which genes are active in a specific cell or group of cells and is accomplished by measuring mRNA, the intermediary between genes and proteins. By comparing gene expression patterns between cells from normal tissue and cells from diseased tissue, researchers may identify specific genes or groups of genes that play a role in the presence of disease. Studies of this type, used in drug discovery, require monitoring thousands, and preferably tens of thousands, of mRNAs in large numbers of samples. As the correlation between gene expression patterns and specific diseases is determined, we believe that gene expression profiling will have an increasingly important role as a diagnostic tool. Diagnostic use of expression profiling tools is anticipated to grow rapidly with the combination of the sequencing of various genomes and the availability of more cost-effective technologies.

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Genetic Variation and Mutations
 
Genetic variation is also due to polymorphisms (mutations) in genomes, although functional variations may also arise from differences in the way genes are expressed in a given cell, as well as the timing and levels of their expression.
 
The most common form of genetic variation occurs as a result of a difference in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence, commonly referred to as a single nucleotide polymorphism, or SNP. The human genome is estimated to contain between three and six million SNPs. By screening for polymorphisms, researchers seek to correlate variability in the sequence of genes with a specific disease. SNPs are believed to be associated with a large number of human diseases, although most SNPs are believed to be benign and not to be associated with disease. Determining which SNPs may be related to a disease is a complex process requiring investigation of a vast number of SNPs. A SNP association study might require testing for 200,000 possible SNPs in 1,000 patients. Although only a few hundred of these SNPs might be clinically relevant, 200 million genotyping tests, or assays, might be required to complete a study. Using currently available technologies, this scale of SNP genotyping is both impractical and prohibitively expensive.
 
While in some cases one SNP will be responsible for medically important effects, it is now believed that the genetic component of most major diseases is associated with a combination of SNPs. As a result, the scientific community has recognized the importance of investigating combinations of many SNPs in an attempt to discover medically valuable information. In order to understand how genetic variation causes disease, researchers must compare gene sequence polymorphisms, or conduct SNP genotyping, from healthy and diseased individuals. Researchers may also compare gene expression patterns, or perform gene expression profiling, from healthy and diseased tissues.
 
Proteomics
 
Proteomics is the process of determining which proteins are present in cells, how they interact with one another and how they are correlated with genomic variation. This process is useful in drug discovery and diagnostics because most drugs target proteins that play a role in the existence or development of a disease.
 
Current Technologies
 
Despite the recent sequencing of the human genome, scientists have a limited understanding of the function of genes, how they interact with each other, how they modulate disease, and how they correlate with protein translation and function. Additionally, the role of specific mutations is poorly understood.
 
Traditional technologies for analyzing genetic or protein variation and function generally perform experiments individually, or serially, and often require relatively large sample volumes, adding significantly to the cost of conducting experiments. Arrays were developed to overcome the limitations of traditional technologies and enable the parallel evaluation of large numbers of genes.
 
An array is a collection of miniaturized test sites arranged in a manner that permits many tests to be performed simultaneously, or in parallel, in order to achieve higher throughput. The average size of test sites in an array and the spacing between them defines the array’s density. Higher density increases parallel processing throughput. In addition to increasing the throughput, higher density reduces the required volume for the sample being tested, and thereby lowers costs. Currently, the principal commercially available ways to produce arrays include mechanical deposition, bead immobilization, inkjet printing and photolithography.
 
While current array technologies have revolutionized drug discovery and development, we believe that our advanced array technology provides characteristics, including flexibility, superior cost metrics, and performance which address certain needs of the life sciences market which are not addressed by conventional arrays. Also, our DNA array synthesizer technology enables customers of this technology the ability to manufacture arrays at their laboratory facilities without having to order the arrays from our company, thereby maintaining the proprietary nature of their unique array designs and experiments. This array synthesizer enables many applications that are unique in the market place.
 
THE COMBIMATRIX SOLUTION
 
We believe that our system will have advantages over other existing technologies because it is being designed to be a cost-effective, fast, flexible, customizable alternative to existing analytical tools designed for similar purposes. Researchers using our system should be able to design and order custom arrays, conduct their tests, analyze the results, and reorder additional arrays incorporating modified test parameters, all within a few days. We believe that our system will offer several important advantages over competing products. These advantages arise from a unique approach to fabricating the arrays utilizing a proprietary electrochemical synthesis method on an array of microelectrodes that have been fabricated on a silicon device.

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Products and Services
 
Our technology represents a significant advance over existing array technologies and other platforms for combinatorial chemistry. The first applications of the technology that we are pursuing are in the field of genomics and molecular diagnostics, where we have developed an array for the analysis of DNA. We believe that this technology may be applied to the fields of genetic analysis and disease management.
 
 
·
CustomArray TM
 
Our product for genetic studies is marketed under the trade name CustomArray, which is a highly flexible custom oligonucleotide array that addresses researchers’ specific requirements for high-performance arrays that can interrogate small sets of target genes or whole genomes at a low cost. CustomArrays currently come in two formats: the medium-density CustomArray 12K and the 4 X 2K CustomArray. The CustomArray 12K enables analysis of up to 12,000 genes, whereas the 4 X 2K array enables the analysis of four separate experiments of up to 2,000 genes each.
 
CustomArray is an advanced tool used to understand gene expression by measuring mRNA activity within a cell type or groups of cells, enabling researchers to understand disease, predisposition to disease, drug response and drug development. CustomArray can also be used as a SNP genotyping tool providing statistics on the effect of a SNP or groups of SNPs, giving rise to data that is important in diagnostic testing. Because of the product’s flexibility, researchers have utilized and are evaluating the use of CustomArrays for other applications such as gene assembly, sequencing, protein translation and others. CustomArrays can also be read on most commercially available scanners, thus enabling many researchers to perform assays without requiring additional capital expenditures for scanning equipment that several competing technologies require.
 
 
·
On-Line Order Processing and Software Tools
 
CustomArrays can be designed and ordered through our on-line ordering process. Customers are able to utilize a number of tools to design and order their arrays through an on-line interface via the World Wide Web. Some of the tools available to the customers are referred to as the CustomArray content software application suite of tools for designing and ordering arrays.
 
The content software application provides a suite of sophisticated tools that customers can use to design a custom array specific to their experimental needs. This application allows the customer to submit a list of genes and/or genomic sequences to our probe design system. This design process produces probe sequences optimal to the customer’s requirements. Customers also have the flexibility to re-design their array at anytime.
 
When the customer has finished designing their arrays using our proprietary software tools, the arrays may be ordered using the e-commerce section of the CustomArray web site. Arrays are then manufactured using our proprietary oligonucleotide synthesis technology to the specific design requirements of the customer’s order. Our proprietary DNA synthesis technology enables product turnaround time of typically just a few days. After production, each array is put through a rigorous quality control process. To our knowledge, we are the only array company that quality checks every single feature on each array produced prior to shipment.
 
 
·
Design-On-Demand™
 
We have also launched a service known as Design-on-Demand™ for our CombiMatrix arrays. Through this service, customers can work one-on-one with our staff of bioinformatic experts to assist them with designing their arrays to meet their specific project goals. Customers can also access our Design-on-Demand™ catalog of over 1,400 pre-designed genome arrays available for ordering.
 
 
·
CatalogArrays TM
 
We have also launched several dozen CatalogArrays, which are pre-designed arrays built using our platform that can be used for gene expression studies, mutation analysis, and other studies. These arrays include several human genome sets, mouse, rat, dog and several other organisms including plants, animals, bacteria and viruses. These arrays are updated as new genetic or sequence information is published. In addition, similar to CustomArrays, our CatalogArrays can be read on most commercially available scanners and do not require additional capital investment or start-up fees by the customer.

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·
Micro-RNA Arrays
 
We also offer a series of arrays that can be used to study micro-RNA molecules, which are relatively small strands of RNA molecules in cells that appear to have significant regulatory control over cell function. Until recently, micro-RNA molecules were thought to be oddities and perhaps superfluous genetic material. However, recent research indicates that these molecules play a significant role in the physiology of the cell. We offer Micro-RNA arrays for human, mouse, rat and other organisms. These arrays are updated as new information is published. In addition, similar to CustomArrays, our Micro-RNA Arrays can be read on most commercially available scanners and do not require additional capital investment or start-up fees by the customer.
 
 
·
DNA Array Synthesizer
 
Our DNA Array Synthesizer is a bench-top instrument that enables researchers to fabricate DNA arrays to their exact specifications with complete control over the content that is synthesized onto the array. The system consists of a synthesizer instrument that is operated by a personal computer that is connected to a cabinet that contains reagents necessary for array synthesis. The system is able to fabricate up to eight, 12K arrays within a 24-hour period, or up to thirty-two, 2K sectored arrays in the same period of time. The synthesizer’s flexibility enables researchers to synthesize multiple designs or the same design in each synthesis run. To operate the synthesizers, researchers must purchase blank array slides (slides on which no DNA synthesis has been performed) from us and reagents from either us or other vendors.
 
 
·
Stripping Reagents
 
We have created the first commercially available array stripping kit. The kit allows researchers to re-use our CustomArrays up to four times. The ability to re-use CustomArray reduces the cost per CustomArray to the researcher while eliminating problems associated with chip-to-chip reproducibility.
 
 
·
EC Reader-Electrochemical Scanning Instrument
 
The EC Reader is a compact scanner for CombiMatrix arrays. The EC Reader was developed to provide the market with a compact, inexpensive and easy to use scanner for performing array experiments. Current arrays, including those manufactured by us, are designed to be analyzed using optical scanning instruments. While these scanners are quite functional, they are also relatively expensive bulky, and can be difficult to use. Due to the electrochemical nature of our arrays, it is possible to scan them using an electrochemical scanner as well as an optical scanner. The advantages of the electrochemical scanner include compact size, more cost efficient, and easier to use. These advantages arise out of the fact that the EC Reader does not have any optical components (such as lasers, lenses and optical detectors). By eliminating these optical components, the EC Reader is more compact, cost efficient and easier to use than most optical scanners. The EC Reader is designed to read only CombiMatrix arrays.
 
APPLICATIONS
 
Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Research and Development Applications
 
To date our products have been used primarily for research and development applications by academic and industrial researchers. Our products have and can be used for such diverse applications as drug target discovery and validations, genotyping, pathogen detection, agricultural analysis and others. In addition, our products can be used to synthesize oligonucleotides that are then utilized in various research applications. Due to the flexibility of our technologies, we expect the potential R&D applications of our products to continually expand.
 
Molecular Diagnostics Applications
 
In addition to the life science research and development applications of our products, we feel that our proprietary products can be utilized in the emerging field of molecular diagnostics. The term "molecular diagnostics" refers to the analysis of nucleic acids, as opposed to "clinical diagnostics" which refers to the analysis of conventional analytes such as blood chemistries, hormones, proteins and other molecules. The current market for molecular diagnostics in the USA is roughly $2.5 billion annually. The compounded annual growth rate of this market is over 15%, and it is expected that the growth rate will accelerate as more products and technologies are brought to bear on the opportunity.

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We have formed a wholly owned subsidiary, CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics (or " CMDX ") to take advantage of the capabilities of our DNA array technology to develop molecular diagnostic services and products. The primary focus of CMDX’s efforts will be diagnostics for the diagnosis of cancer, for the management of patients diagnosed with various types of cancer and other diseases with a genetic cause. In the Unites States alone, the American Cancer Society indicates that 1.4 million individuals are diagnosed with cancer annually, and this rate is expected to grow rapidly as the overall population, including the "baby boomer" generation, ages. At any given time in the United States, there are several million living patients that either have cancer or are cancer survivors that are at high risk for recurrence.
 
Patients who are newly diagnosed with cancer require significant levels of care, which includes surgery, hospital stays, examinations, drugs and diagnostics. CMDX plans to develop a series of products that, through the genetic analysis of blood, tissue or biopsy samples, will provide information to physicians in managing their patients.
 
CMDX plans to be a fully functional molecular diagnostics laboratory and has received federal certification by CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) as well as by other state and local regulatory agencies that are required for analysis of patient samples. As such, CMDX is currently operating as a service organization, providing testing services for patients. Although many of CMDX’s initial services are designed to avoid pre-market approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (or " FDA "), many of the services CMDX will provide may require different levels of regulatory approval from the FDA.
 
Homeland Security and Defense Applications
 
Through U.S. government funding, our array technology is being developed to simultaneously detect toxins, viruses, and bacteria using either genomic analysis or antigen-antibody experiments, or assays. The ability to conduct over 12,000 individual assays simultaneously means that our array can be configured to detect many biothreat agents of interest to the U.S. Department of Defense and Department of Homeland Security within hours and with a high degree of certainty that surpasses current technologies. Our goal is that these systems will eventually be portable and ultimately be completely automated.
 
Our technology can simultaneously identify hundreds of different microbes (including viruses), determine their ability to cause disease, and discover their characteristics, such as antibiotic resistance. Working with academia, industry, and government laboratories, we are developing assays, arrays and bioinformatics for quickly identifying human, animal, and plant pathogens in a single-assay format. This format and single test eliminates the need for a different test for each disease or threat and eliminates the time lost in developing a new test for each new disease or threat. For disease-control agencies, it simplifies the process, reduces costs, and allows more rapid identification and reaction, all in an environment where increased time can equate to increased illness and loss of lives.
 
This program is enabled by the characteristic of our array technology, which allows the binding reactions to be measured through electrochemical means instead of optical methods. Though optical detection has been successful in many applications and our other products utilize these methods, we feel that electrochemical detection techniques have the potential to be far superior. By eliminating the need for light sources, optical components, their corresponding mechanical requirements as well as their power requirements, we feel that we will be able to build detection systems that will be less expensive, smaller, lighter and portable. In addition, certain technical characteristics of electrochemical detection on the arrays may enable higher sensitivity, better dynamic range and superior reproducibility in measurements.
 
Though the initial focus of our Government-funded development program is a product for military and homeland security markets, the core technology being developed will be applicable to products in the life sciences and human healthcare markets as well.
 
Nanotechnology- Materials, Chemicals, Peptides
 
We have entered into collaborative development programs to use our arrays for the discovery of nano-structured materials, chemicals, peptides and other molecules. In analogy to the study of genes and proteins in parallel using a highly customizable array, researchers can perform combinatorial discovery work in other areas in a rapid, cost effective manner. The goals of these collaborations include discovery of new materials or compounds, as well as the development tools and protocols, including capital equipment and software, to enable these applications.

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OUR STRATEGY
 
Our goal is to provide customers and partners with tools in their discovery efforts as well as to perform discovery ourselves.
 
Focusing on High-growth Markets
 
We will focus on markets that we believe are growing rapidly and where we believe we have a competitive advantage. The first of these markets are for gene expression, mutation analysis, and other applications for the development of drugs and diagnostic products. Other markets include protein analysis, homeland security and military applications, drug development, nanotechnology and material sciences.
 
Partnering with Multiple Companies to Expand Market Opportunity
 
We plan to pursue multiple relationships to facilitate the expansion of our array technologies and to exploit large and diverse markets. We expect to enter into relationships and collaborations to gain access to complementary technologies, distribution channels, manufacturing infrastructure and information content. For example, we have executed several distribution agreements with organizations such as VWR International, Inc. and InBio (a division of Bionsight Pty. Ltd.) to market, sell and distribute our suite of products and services around the globe. We intend to structure additional relationships that maximize our research and development efforts with the strong distribution and manufacturing capabilities of our customers and any entities with which we have joint development efforts.
 
Major Strategic Alliances
 
We intend to rapidly commercialize our array technology for gene expression profiling through our own sales and marketing efforts. In addition, we have executed agreements with several strategic partners, such as Furuno Electric Co., Ltd., Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. and Roche Diagnostics GmbH to jointly develop our technology. For example, Furuno is contributing engineering and manufacturing expertise to jointly develop and manufacture a second version of our desktop DNA array synthesizer. We believe that the combination of our core array technology with Furuno’s expertise in manufacturing complex electronic devices will enable us to capture a significant portion of the gene expression profiling and molecular diagnostics markets.
 
We have been awarded several U.S. government grants and contracts to develop our electrochemical detection system for the detection of biological and chemical threat agents. Though these programs initially focused on product development for military and homeland security applications, we believe that the core technology being developed will be applicable to products in the life sciences and human healthcare markets as well.
 
In addition to these relationships, we have entered into additional relationships and plans on establishing other relationships for multiple applications of our technology.
 
Expanding Technologies Into Multiple Product Lines
 
We intend to utilize the flexibility of our semiconductor based array technologies to develop multiple product lines. In addition to providing new sources of revenue, we believe these product lines will further our goal of establishing our array technology as the industry standard for array-based analysis.
 
Strengthening Technological Leadership
 
We plan to continue advancing our proprietary technologies through our internal research efforts, collaborations with industry leaders and strategic licensing. We may also pursue acquisitions of complementary technologies and leverage our technologies into other value-added businesses .
 
Protecting and Strengthening Intellectual Property
 
Through our five patents issued in the United States and three corresponding patents granted in Europe, Australia and Taiwan, our 87 patent applications pending in the United States, Europe and elsewhere and our trade secrets, we believe we have suitable intellectual property protection for our proprietary technologies in those markets where we operate and where a market for our products and services exists. We plan to build our intellectual property portfolio through internal research efforts, collaborations with industry leaders, strategic licensing and possible acquisitions of complementary technologies. We also plan to pursue patent protection for downstream products created using our proprietary products.

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REGULATORY MATTERS
 
We sell array products to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and academic communities for research applications as well as non-life sciences customers. In addition, our drug development efforts are early stage. Therefore, our initial products do not require approval from, and are not regulated by, the FDA as a manufacturer nor are they subject to the FDA’s current good manufacturing practice, or cGMP, regulations. Additionally, our initial products are not subject to certain reagent regulations promulgated by the FDA. However, the manufacturing, marketing and sale of certain products and services for most clinical or diagnostic applications will be subject to extensive government regulation as medical devices in the United States by the FDA and in other countries by corresponding foreign regulatory authorities.
 
SUBSIDIARIES
 
During the second quarter of 2005, we formed a wholly owned subsidiary, CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. (also referred to as " CMDX "), in order to exploit our array technologies in the field of molecular diagnostics. As of December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006, CMDX had 15 and 18 employees, respectively, located in Irvine, California.
 
Prior to July 11, 2003, CombiMatrix K.K., our majority-owned subsidiary, was operating under a joint venture agreement with Marubeni Japan, or Marubeni, one of Japan’s leading trading companies. The primary purpose of the joint venture was to focus on development and licensing opportunities for our array technology with academic, pharmaceutical and biotechnology organizations in the Japanese market. Marubeni held a 10% minority interests in the joint venture. On July 11, 2003, Acacia Research Corporation purchased the outstanding minority interests in CombiMatrix K.K. from Marubeni. Acacia Research Corporation issued 200,000 shares of its AR-CombiMatrix stock to Marubeni in exchange for Marubeni’s 10% minority interests in CombiMatrix K.K. This increase in ownership interest was attributed to the CombiMatrix group. On January 26, 2006, we sold a majority of our interest in CombiMatrix K.K. to InBio, an Australian distributor of CustomArray products. As a result of this transaction, we retained a 33% minority ownership position in CombiMatrix K.K..
 
Refer to "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for a description of impairment charges incurred in 2005 related to CombiMatrix K.K. and Advanced Material Sciences.
 
Marketing and Distribution
 
During 2004, we launched our CustomArray™ products and are currently selling these products directly and through distributors to customers in the United States, Europe and Asia. Since that time we have executed several non-exclusive distribution agreements with partners such as VWR International to market and sell our products worldwide. Beginning in 2006, we executed several manufacturing and distribution agreements to expand our worldwide product reach. These agreements allow for exclusive distribution of various CustomArray products in specific territories and for distribution of locally synthesized CustomArray-brand microarrays, where the manufacturer purchases and uses CustomArray synthesizers and supplies from us for use in their manufacturing process. Current manufacturer and distributors include BioInsight Pty. Ltd., Prisma Biotech Corp., Macrogen, Inc., and BioTeltec. Where appropriate, we will continue to market and sell our products directly or through distribution arrangements and/or through other strategic alliances. We have also executed our CombiCore™ distribution program, which provide for microarray service centers such as academic research laboratories to become authorized providers of CustomArray products and services within their research and development networks.
 
In July 2001, we entered into non-exclusive worldwide license, supply, research and development agreements with Roche. These agreements were amended in September 2002, primarily to grant Roche manufacturing rights with respect to the products under development in return for additional cash consideration under the agreements. The agreements are non-exclusive with respect to our core technology, meaning that we remain free to license our core technology to third parties for applications in the genomics, proteomics and other fields. The agreements contain exclusivity or co-exclusivity provisions only with respect to the specific products being co-developed for, and partially funded by, Roche pursuant to the agreements. Since July 2001, we have received approximately $26.6 million in cash payments from Roche from July 2001 through December 31, 2003. The agreements contain provisions that would allow Roche to terminate the agreements. Although Roche has not done so, in March 2004, the agreements were modified to indicate that we had completed all phases of our research and development commitments to Roche, and we have not received any additional payments from Roche since December 31, 2003.
 
MANUFACTURING
 
We have developed automated, computer-directed manufacturing processes for the synthesis of sequences of DNA, RNA, peptides or small molecules on our arrays. Certain portions of our manufacturing, such as semiconductor fabrication and processing are outsourced to subcontractors, while we conduct the steps involving synthesis of biological materials and quality control of our products.

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Substantially all of the components and raw materials used in the manufacture of our products, including semiconductors and reagents, are currently provided from a limited number of sources or in some cases from a single source. Although we believe that alternative sources for those components and raw materials are available, any supply interruption in a sole-sourced component or raw material might result in up to a several-month production delay and materially harm our ability to manufacture products until a new source of supply, if any, could be located and qualified. In addition, an uncorrected impurity or supplier’s variation in a raw material, either unknown to us or incompatible with our manufacturing process, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manufacture products. We may be unable to find a sufficient alternative supply channel in a reasonable time period, or on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. We utilize non-standard semiconductor manufacturing processes to fabricate the electrode array that is a key aspect of the array structure. Although we have a supply agreement in place with the semiconductor wafer manufacturer to ensure availability of the raw materials, it does not guarantee a permanent supply. These non-standard processes are not widely available, and it may be difficult or expensive to obtain sufficient quantities of semiconductor wafers if the current manufacturer changes or discontinues our manufacturing production capability.
 
PATENTS AND LICENSES
 
We continue to build our intellectual property portfolio to protect our product in those markets where we operate and where a market for our products and services exists. In the United States, we have been issued five United States patents. Three of the United States patents (U.S. Patent No. 6,093,302 expiration date January 5, 2018; U.S. Patent No. 6,280,595 expiration date January 5, 2018 and U.S. Patent No. 6,444,111 expire on January 5, 2018) and protect our core technology relating to methods for electrochemical synthesis of arrays. The fourth United States Patent (U.S. Patent No. 6,456,942 expiration date January 25, 2020) describes and claims a network infrastructure for a customized array synthesis and analysis. The fifth United States Patent (U.S. Patent No. 7,075,187, expiring on November 9, 2021) describes and claims a coating material that covers electrodes and is used as a support material for electrochemical synthesis on arrays. Corresponding core patents describing and claiming methods for electrochemical synthesis of arrays have been issued to us in Europe (entire EU), Australia and Taiwan and are pending in the remaining major industrialized markets. In total, we have 87 patent applications pending in the Unites States, Europe and elsewhere.
 
We seek to protect our corporate identity with trademarks and service marks. In addition, our trademark strategy includes protecting the identity and goodwill associated with our biological and chemical array processor products. We purchase chemical reagents from suppliers who are licensed under appropriate patent rights. It is our policy to obtain licenses from patent holders, or as a purchaser from licensed suppliers, if needed, to practice our chemical processes.
 
Our success will depend, in part, upon our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our intellectual property in the United States and other countries. If we do not protect our intellectual property adequately, competitors may be able to use our technologies and thereby erode any competitive advantage that we may have. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting their proprietary rights abroad. These problems can be caused by the absence of laws, rules and/or methods for defending intellectual property rights. In addition, the laws of foreign jurisdictions, such as the European Union, provide an opportunity for parties to oppose the granting of patents when such claims may be construed as too broad or significantly beyond the scope of the initial teaching or disclosure in a patent filed. Moreover, the laws of the United States provide an opportunity for parties to file for reexamination of issued U.S. Patents based upon prior art patents and publications. Reexamination can result in narrower claims and invalidation of claims. We have been active in Europe challenging the rights of competitors who have patent claims extending well beyond the scope of any teachings provided. There is no assurance that we will continue to be successful in such oppositions.
 
The patent positions of companies developing tools and drugs for the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, including our patent position, generally are uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. We will be able to protect our proprietary rights from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that our proprietary technologies are covered by valid and enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets. Our existing patent and any future patents we obtain may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from practicing our specific technologies or from developing competing products. There also is risk that others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or design around our patented technologies. In addition, others may challenge or invalidate our patents, or our patents may fail to provide us with any competitive advantage. Enforcing our intellectual property rights may be difficult, costly and time consuming, and ultimately may not be successful.
 
We also rely upon trade secret protection for our confidential and proprietary information. We seek to protect our proprietary information by entering into confidentiality and invention disclosure and transfer agreements with employees, collaborators and consultants. These measures, however, may not provide adequate protection for our trade secrets or other proprietary information. Employees, collaborators or consultants may still disclose our proprietary information, and we may not be able to meaningfully protect our trade secrets. In addition, others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets. Also, former employees may also knowingly violate such agreements, forcing us to enforce our intellectual property rights.

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We cannot assure you that any of our patent applications will result in the issuance of any additional patents, that our patent applications will have priority of invention or filing date over similar rights of others, or that, if issued, any of our patents will offer protection against our competitors. Additionally, we cannot assure you that any patent issued to us will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented in the future or that the intellectual property rights we have created will provide a competitive advantage. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the enforceability, scope of protection or validity of the intellectual property rights of others.
 
COMPETITION
 
We expect to encounter competition for business opportunities from other entities having similar business objectives. Many of these potential competitors possess greater financial, technical, human and other resources than we do. We anticipate that we will face increased competition in the future as new companies enter the market and advanced technologies become available. In the life sciences industry, many competitors have more experience in research and development than we do. Technological advances or entirely different approaches developed by one or more of our competitors could render our processes obsolete or uneconomical. The existing approaches of competitors or new approaches or technology developed by competitors may be more effective than those developed by us.
 
We are aware of other companies or companies with divisions that have, or are developing, technologies for the SNP genotyping, gene expression profiling and diagnostic markets. We believe that our primary competitors will be Affymetrix, Inc., Agilent Technologies, Inc., Applera Corporation, Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc., Gene Logic Inc., Genomic Health, Inc., Illumina, Inc., Nanogen, Inc., Roche Diagnostics GmbH and Sequenom, Inc. However, our market is rapidly changing, and we expect to face additional competition from new market entrants, new product developments and consolidation of our existing competitors. Many of our competitors have existing strategic relationships with major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, greater commercial experience and substantially greater financial and personnel resources than we do. We expect new competitors to emerge and the intensity of competition to increase in the future.
 
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING
 
Our research and development expenses were $8.6 million, $5.4 million and $5.8 million during 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Of these amounts, research and development related non cash stock compensation charges were $466,000, $91,000 and $0 during 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. We intend to invest in our proprietary technologies through internal development and, to the extent available, licensing of third-party technologies to increase and improve other characteristics of our products. We also plan to continue to invest in improving the cost-effectiveness of our products through further automation and improved information technologies. Our future research and development efforts may involve research conducted by us, collaborations with other researchers and the acquisition of chemistries and other technologies developed by universities and other academic institutions.
 
We are developing a variety of life sciences and non-life sciences products and services. Potential customers for these products operate in industries characterized by rapid technological development. We believe that our future success will depend in large part on our ability to continue to enhance our existing products and services and to develop other products and services, which complement existing ones. In order to respond to rapidly changing competitive and technological conditions, we expect to continue to incur significant research and development expenses during the initial development phase of new products and services, as well as on an ongoing basis.
 
GOVERNMENT Grants and Contracts
 
Government grants and contracts have allowed us to fund certain internal scientific programs and exploratory research. We retain ownership of all intellectual property and commercial rights generated during these projects. The United States government, however, retains a non-exclusive, non-transferable, paid-up license to practice the inventions made with federal funds pursuant to applicable statutes and regulations. We do not believe that the retained license will have any impact on our ability to market our products. We do not need government approval to enter into collaborations or other relationships with third parties.
 
We have been awarded several grants from the federal government in connection with our biological and chemical array processor technology since our inception. In March of 2004, we were awarded a two-year, $5.9 million contract with the Department of Defense (DoD) to further the development of our array technology for the electrochemical detection of biological and chemical threat agents. Under the terms of the contract, we will be reimbursed on a periodic basis for actual costs incurred to perform our obligations, plus a fixed fee, of up to $5.9 million. This project was completed during 2005. In February of 2006, we were awarded a one-year, $2.1 million contract with the Department of Defense to further the development of our array technology for the electrochemical detection of biological and chemical threat agents developed under the previous contracts and grants. In August of 2006, we executed a two-year, $1.9 million contract with the DoD, focusing on the integration of our electrochemical detection technology currently under development with our microfluidics "lab-on-a-chip" technology to be used for military and homeland security applications.
 
We will continue to pursue grants and contracts that complement our research and development efforts.

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RECENT ACTIVITIES
 
Our significant milestones during 2005 and 2006 include the following:
 
Genetic Analysis Products and Services
 
·  In January 2005, we entered into a distribution agreement with InBio to distribute our CustomArray products for the Australian and New Zealand marketplaces. InBio’s sales and marketing organization will market, sell, and service the CustomArray products in these regions.
 
·  In August 2005, we announced the launch of our first CustomArray DNA Synthesizer, enabling researchers to build arrays in their own facilities. The platform consists of the DNA CustomArray Synthesizer instrument and freely programmable arrays or CustomArrays. Initially, the instrument has been designed to fabricate the CustomArray 12K (12,000 unique sites) array.
 
·  In September 2005, we expanded our product line to include the CustomArray 4X2K™. This product contains four independent 2000-feature arrays on a single CustomArray. As with all CustomArray products, the 4X2K offers complete array customization, user control of probe design, and the ability to modify array design at any time. It delivers high sensitivity, throughput, and ease of use for gene discovery, pathway research, and molecular characterization of disease.
 
·  In September 2005, we entered into a global distribution agreement with VWR International, Inc., or VWR, to distribute CustomArrays™ and CatalogArrays for us. VWR’s sales and marketing organization presently serves over 250,000 customers with worldwide sales of $3.0 billion annually.
 
·  In February 2006, we launched our next generation surveillance technology on our 4X2K format for all strains of Influenza A as well as the influenza H5N1 bird flu strain.
 
·  In March 2006, we launched the ElectraSense™ Influenza Typing System based on our propriety electrochemical detection technology and its Influenza A Typing Microarray. We are prepared to make this system available to domestic and international government agencies that are engaged in monitoring influenza and planning for a potential pandemic. Using this system, government agencies can verify, before disseminating potentially alarming information to the public, whether samples contain a highly pathogenic substrain of H5N1 or one of the several non-lethal substrains of H5N1. The system is designed for research use, surveillance and monitoring applications, use for animal studies, and other applications not requiring FDA registration, though we will seek FDA approval for this product.
 
·  In May 2006, we launched the next-generation CustomArray and CustomArray Synthesizer, providing researchers with the ability to fabricate the new CustomArray 90K. This high-density, customizable, re-usable microarray has over 94,000 unique DNA probes. The CustomArray 90K enables us to completely serve the entire research market with whole-genome gene expression, SNP genotyping, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), tiling, ChIP-on-chip, and resequencing. Also in May 2006, we began offering its Human 90K™ CatalogArray™. Powered by our proprietary CustomArray Platform, the new Human 90K CatalogArray can interrogate 39,882 RNA transcripts, offering researchers the most up-to-date human array.
 
·  In July 2006, we, working in partnership with Furuno Electric Co., Ltd. of Japan, announced the launch of our new QuadroCAS™ CustomArray™ Synthesizer. Jointly designed and developed by our two companies, this new instrument integrates our proprietary electrochemical in situ oligonucleotide synthesis technology into a compact, stand-alone design. Manufactured by Furuno at their instrument production facility in Japan, the QuadroCAS Synthesizer combines convenient and reliable reagent handling hardware with state of the art Furuno instrument control and signal processing electronics to deliver a full-featured, small footprint instrument for CustomArray production applications. Designed and tested to meet appropriate safety certification standards, the QuadroCAS Synthesizer will bear the CE ("European Conformity") and TUV markings (i.e., tested by TUV to meet the minimum requirements of prescribed product safety standards) and is suitable for worldwide distribution. Using this instrument, researchers around the world will be able to rapidly produce custom DNA microarrays to their exact specifications with complete control over the content.

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Homeland Security and Defense Applications
 
·  In September 2005, we received a one-year, $338,000 contract from the U.S. Air Force for the development and production of arrays to detect pathogens that cause upper respiratory infections and pathogens that infect wounds. This contract is the result of a collaborative effort with the Air Force Institute of Occupational Health, or AFIOH, that lead to the development of a rapid assay and array that identifies, among other things, all forms (serotypes) of influenza A, SARS and bird flu, including the H5N1 strain. The first array to be developed under the new contract will identify a number of upper respiratory infections that can cause potentially life threatening diseases (such as viral and bacterial pneumonia) or lead to pandemic infections (such as bird flu and SARS).
 
·  In February 2006, we executed a one-year, $2.1 million contract with the U.S. Department of Defense to further the development of our array technology for the electrochemical detection of biological and chemical threat agents. Under the terms of this contract, we will perform research and development activities as described under the contract and will be reimbursed on a periodic basis for actual costs incurred to perform our obligations, plus a fixed fee, of up to $2.1 million. The objective of the contract is to develop a self-contained, fully integrated, automatic, and disposable device for detection of a wide variety of microorganisms within one hour.
 
·  In August 2006, we executed a two-year, $1.9 million contract with the U.S. Department of Defense, focusing on the integration of our electrochemical detection technology currently under development with our microfluidics "lab-on-a-chip" technology to be used for military and homeland security applications. Under the terms of this contract, we will perform research and development activities, as described under the contract, and will be reimbursed on a periodic basis for actual costs incurred to perform these obligations, plus a fixed fee, of up to $1.9 million.
 
Drug Discovery and Diagnostics
 
·  During the second quarter of 2005, we formed a wholly owned subsidiary, CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc., (or CMDX) for the purpose of exploiting the opportunities in the molecular diagnostics market for our array technology. CMDX is a California corporation located in Irvine whose management team includes several former executives of U.S. Labs and other laboratory diagnostic companies. CMDX currently leases approximately 3,500 square feet of lab space in Irvine, California and is in the process of applying for our Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment, or CLIA, certification necessary to perform laboratory operations for customers.
 
·  In October 2005, we launched a new comprehensive influenza DNA array as well as services for the typing of influenza strains. Our Influenza Microarray is now a member of the CatalogArray™ product line and can detect and accurately type flu strains using a protocol that requires less than four hours start to finish. This new array can identify H5N1 bird flu as well as all other strains of Influenza A. It can also provide information on mutations and novel strains of flu not yet seen. It is designed to work on samples from humans as well as from birds, pigs, horses, dogs, and various other animals. CMDX began offering testing services using this array in December 2005.
 
·  In March 2006, CMDX received certification to operate as a clinical laboratory in accordance with the federal government’s Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (" CLIA "), a regulatory program that monitors the quality of laboratory testing. According to CLIA, any laboratory in the U.S. that conducts testing on human specimens for purposes other than research must be certified.
 
·  In July 2006, we announced that we had received a letter from the Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Device Evaluation and Safety (OIVD) of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The letter invited the company to meet with the OIVD to discuss CMDX’s plans to market its Constitutional Genetic Array Test (CGAT). The company met with OIVD on September 14, 2006. On October 16, 2006 we received a letter from OIVD indicating that the CGAT test need not be regulated as an In Vitro Diagnostic Multivariate Index Assay under its recently published guidelines.
 
·  In September 2006, we announced that CMDX had commercially launched its first molecular diagnostic service. Physicians are now able to prescribe this test for their patients. This first offering utilizes CMDX’s Constitutional Genetic Array Test, which can genetically identify over 50 common genetic disorders in one test. This array is already being sold in Europe, and is now being offered as a service in the US, after internal clinical validation.

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Nanotechnology
 
·  In August 2005, we entered into a collaboration with the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, or the Institute, toward the development of a peptide array synthesizer utilizing our proprietary virtual-flask technology. Under the terms of the agreement, the Biodesign Institute’s Center for BioOptical Nanotechnology purchased our equipment and will be funding development of the synthesizer. We are granting technology rights and contributing expertise related to our technology, and we will share revenue from commercialization of peptide array synthesizers, peptide array products, and intellectual property that are developed with the Institute.
 
·  In March 2006, we were granted a key patent in Europe (EP1185363B1), titled "Self-Assembling Arrays" by the European Patent Office. This European Patent was registered throughout the European Union in Germany, France, Spain, Great Britain, and Italy, and the opposition period has passed. A corresponding U.S. patent is pending in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and is moving through the process. The European patent claims both self-assembled arrays and a method for making self-assembled arrays on electrode arrays with self-assembled antibodies. This microarray configuration is especially useful for arraying proteins specifically antibodies. The technology enables products such as multiplexed immunoassays, monitoring of biowarfare and terrorist agents, and general protein analysis tools.
 
Additions to our Scientific Advisory Board and Other
 
·  In August 2005, we announced that R. Scott Greer joined CombiMatrix Corporation as an advisor. Mr. Greer is managing director of Numenor Ventures, LLC, a firm he formed to invest in and provide strategic advisory services to innovative life sciences companies. He is a founder and remains chairman of Abgenix, Inc., a public biopharmaceutical company. Mr. Greer served as Chief Executive Officer of Abgenix from June 1996 to April 2002. He is also a director of publicly traded Sirna Therapeutics, Inc. and chairman of Acologix, a private company. Previously, Mr. Greer was a director of Ilumina, Inc. and CV Therapeutics, Inc., both publicly traded companies.
 
·  In August 2005, we announced that Dr. Eric Whitman joined CMDX as a member of our scientific advisory board and as a consultant in the area of melanoma diagnosis. Dr Whitman, F.A.C.S., is the Administrative Director of Surgical Services and the Director of the Melanoma Center at Mountainside Hospital, in Montclair, New Jersey.
 
·  In November 2005, we announced that Dr. Scott W. Binder, M.D. joined CMDX as a member of our Scientific Advisory Board. Dr. Binder is a Professor of Clinical Pathology and Dermatology, Chief of Dermatopathology, and Director of Pathology Outreach Services at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
 
·  Also in November 2005, we announced that Dr. Jonathan W. Said, M.D. joined CMDX, as a member of our Scientific Advisory Board. Dr. Said is a board certified Anatomic Pathologist who is currently Chief, Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Chief, Surgical Pathology at UCLA Medical Center for the Health Sciences. He is also Professor of Pathology and Urology at UCLA School of Medicine.
 
·  In May 2006, CMDX named renowned genomics expert Stephen W. Scherer, Ph.D. to its scientific advisory board. Dr. Scherer is a Senior Scientist in Genetics and Genomic Biology at The Hospital for Sick Children and Associate Professor of Medicine at the University of Toronto.
 
·  In July 2006, we announced that John H. Abeles, M.D. had joined the Scientific Advisory Board of CombiMatrix Corporation. Dr. Abeles practiced medicine in London, before joining the Pharmaceutical Industry as a Senior Medical Executive, with Pfizer, Inc., Sterling Drug, and Revlon Health Care. From 1975 until 1980, he was a healthcare analyst with Kidder Peabody and later formed MedVest Inc., a healthcare consulting firm. Since 1992, Dr. Abeles has been a Founder and investor in several investment funds for both venture capital and public equities, whose investments were centered around healthcare and medical equipment companies. He also presently serves as a Managing Member of a New York based investment fund focused on healthcare investments.
 
EMPLOYEES
 
As of October 31, 2006 , we had 76 full-time employees, 17 of whom hold a Ph.D. or an M.D. degree and 49 of whom are engaged in full-time research and development activities. We have no part-time employees. We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreement. We consider our employee relations to be good.

ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
 
Our operations involve the use, transportation, storage and disposal of hazardous substances, and as a result, we are subject to environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. The cost of complying with these and any future environmental regulations could be substantial. In addition, if we fail to comply with environmental laws and regulations, or releases any hazardous substance into the environment, we could be exposed to substantial liability in the form of fines, penalties, remediation costs and other damages, or could suffer a curtailment or shut down of our operations.
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DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY
 
We lease office and laboratory space totaling approximately 90,111 square feet located north of Seattle, Washington, under a lease agreement that expires in December 2008, and approximately 3,500 square feet in Irvine, California under a lease agreement that expires in August 2007. Presently, we are not seeking any additional facilities.

 
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
On or about December 6, 2006, Mr. Jeffrey Oster filed a complaint against Combimatrix Corporation, Acacia Research Corporation, Amit Kumar and Brooke Anderson before the U.S. Department of Labor, alleging discriminatory employment practices in violation of Section 806 of the Corporate and Criminal Fraud Accountability Act of 2002, Title VIII of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Mr. Oster alleges that he made complaints to his superiors regarding two separate circumstances in which he felt that Acacia Research Corporation and CombiMatrix Corporation violated federal securities laws. He alleges that within two or three weeks following his complaints that CombiMatrix Corporation installed tracking software on its computer used by Mr. Oster for the purpose of finding cause to terminate him. He also claims his responsibilities were gradually stripped away until he was terminated. He alleges these actions were done in retaliation against his complaints of violations of federal securities laws. Mr. Oster is seeking the following remedies: (a) back pay, (b) front pay or severance pay and benefits in lieu of reinstatement, (c) prejudgment interest, (d) attorneys fees, (e) additional monetary damages to compensate him for adverse tax consequences, and (e) additional relief that may be determined appropriate or just. No specific amount of damages is being sought. The complaint is under review by the Department of Labor. We intend to vigorously defend against this action.
 
Management does not believe the allegations made by Mr. Oster in the complaint have any merit, nor does management believe the resolution of this matter will have any material affect upon the financial statements or other information included in this prospectus. This complaint was filed following a letter to the Board of Directors of Acacia Research Corporation containing the same allegations. Following an internal investigation in conjunction with Acacia’s outside counsel, neither Acacia’s Audit Committee nor outside counsel was able to verify any of the allegations made by the former employee. Nonetheless, in an abundance of caution, the Audit Committee engaged an independent counsel to conduct an investigation of the allegations. The independent counsel found no merit to the allegations.
 
 
RELATIONSHIP OF ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION AND OUR COMPANY
AFTER THE SPLIT OFF
 
Following the split off, we will no longer be an affiliate of Acacia. Management of Acacia, including our senior officers and directors, will no longer be affiliates of our company. As a result, 90 days following the redemption date, management of Acacia will no longer be subject to restrictions on trading our common stock pursuant to Section 16 of the Exchange Act or pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act.
 
We are entering into a Distribution Agreement and a Tax Allocation Agreement with Acacia Research Corporation, effective on the date of redemption. Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the assets and liabilities of the CombiMatrix group and Acacia Technologies group will be legally transferred to our company and Acacia, as described below, to the extent not already owned by them. All assets and liabilities held by Acacia but attributable to the CombiMatrix group will be assigned to and assumed by CombiMatrix Corporation. All assets and liabilities of CombiMatrix attributable to the Acacia Technologies group will be assigned to and assumed by Acacia. The net value of the assets and liabilities to be assigned and assumed pursuant to the Distribution Agreement will not have a material effect on our financial statements. In addition, all stock of Advanced Material Sciences, Inc. held by Acacia as well as Acacia’s minority ownership interest in CombiMatrix K.K. will be contributed to CombiMatrix Corporation. Following such contribution, we will own approximately 100% and 33% of Advanced Materials Sciences, Inc. and CombiMatrix K.K. respectively.
 
Pursuant to the Tax Allocation Agreement, we will be responsible for any tax liabilities attributable to the CombiMatrix group prior to the split off, even if legally owed by Acacia Research Corporation. Likewise, Acacia Research Corporation will be responsible for any tax liabilities attributable to the Acacia Technologies group prior to the split off, even if legally owed by CombiMatrix Corporation or its subsidiaries.
 
The Tax Allocation Agreement also provides for the allocation of responsibility of any tax consequences resulting from the split off. These liabilities may arise based on the conduct of the parties prior to the split off or following the split off. We believe the transaction will qualify as a tax-free reorganization, so we do not expect any tax liability for the split off as a result of the conduct of either party prior to the split off. We will indemnify Acacia for any tax liability for the split off resulting from our actions after the split off. Likewise, Acacia will indemnify us for any tax liabilities for the split off resulting from Acacia’s similar actions after the split off.
 
We have agreed not to take any action that would cause the split off not to qualify under Section 355 of the Code. For example, we have agreed not to take certain actions for two years following the split off, unless we obtain an IRS ruling or an opinion of counsel to the effect that these actions will not affect the tax-free nature of the split off. These actions include certain issuances of our stock, a liquidation or merger of our company, and dispositions of assets outside the ordinary course of our business. If any of these transactions were to occur, the split off could be deemed to be a taxable distribution to Acacia. This would subject Acacia to a significant tax liability. We have agreed to indemnify Acacia and its affiliates to the extent that any action we take or fail to take gives rise to a tax incurred by Acacia or any of its affiliates with respect to the split off. In addition, we have agreed to indemnify Acacia for any tax resulting from an acquisition by one or more persons of a 50% or greater interest in our company.

33

 
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
The consolidated selected balance sheet data as of September 30, 2006 and the consolidated selected statement of operations data for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006 set forth below have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein, and should be read in conjunction with those financial statements (including the notes thereto). The consolidated selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 and the consolidated selected statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 set forth below have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein, and should be read in conjunction with those financial statements (including the notes thereto). The consolidated selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2002 and 2003 have been derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included herein, but which were previously filed with the SEC. The consolidated selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2001 and the consolidated selected statement of operations data for the year ended December 31, 2001, and for the period ended January 1, 2002 through December 12, 2002 are unaudited and represent the predecessor basis of the company’s selected financial data prior to its merger with Acacia on December 13, 2002, discussed further below. The unaudited consolidated selected statement of operations data for the period ended December 13, 2002 through December 31, 2002 has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included herein, but which were previously filed with the SEC.   
 
     
Year Ended
December 31,
   
For the Period
Ended January 1,
2002 through
December 12,
   
For the Period
Ended December 13,
2002 through
December 31,
   
For the Years Ended December 31, 
   
For the Nine Months
Ended September 30, 
 
     
2001 
   
2002 
   
2002 
   
2003 
   
2004 
   
2005 
   
2005 
   
2006 
 
   
(predecessor basis)
(unaudited)
   
(unaudited)
                     
(unaudited)
 
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: 
                                                 
Revenues: 
                                                 
Collaborative agreements
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
17,302
 
$
2,266
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
Government contract
   
456
   
378
   
-
   
-
   
1,993
   
3,849
   
2,985
   
1,563
 
Service contracts
   
-
   
155
   
-
   
49
   
116
   
153
   
108
   
268
 
Products
   
-
   
306
   
-
   
407
   
230
   
1,765
   
1,296
   
3,050
 
Total revenues
   
456
   
839
   
-
   
456
   
19,641
   
8,033
   
4,389
   
4,881
 
Operating expenses:
                                                 
Cost of government contract revenues
   
438
   
359
   
-
   
-
   
1,874
   
3,683
   
2,820
   
1,476
 
Cost of product sales
   
-
   
263
   
-
   
99
   
173
   
820
   
635
   
973
 
Research and development
   
18,400
   
18,858
   
838
   
8,564
   
5,385
   
5,783
   
4,082
   
7,380
 
In-process research and development
   
-
   
-
   
17,237
   
-
   
-
   
-
             
Marketing, general and administrative
   
27,719
   
13,066
   
1,793
   
9,820
   
9,902
   
9,827
   
7,345
   
9,691
 
Patent amortization and royalties
   
-
         
399
   
1,178
   
1,234
   
1,312
   
951
   
1,075
 
Legal settlement charges (credits)
   
-
   
18,471
   
-
   
144
   
812
   
(406
)
 
(406
)
 
-
 
Equity in loss of investee
   
54
   
15
   
-
   
-
   
17
   
352
   
202
   
786
 
Goodwill impairment
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
565
   
-
   
-
 
Total operating expenses
   
46,611
   
51,032
   
20,267
   
19,805
   
19,397
   
21,936
   
15,629
   
21,381
 
Operating income (loss)
   
(46,155
)
 
(50,193
)
 
(20,267
)
 
(19,349
)
 
244
   
(13,903
)
 
(11,240
)
 
(16,500
)
Other income:
                                                 
Interest income
   
1,976
   
573
   
16
   
214
   
330
   
523
   
328
   
429
 
Interest expense
   
(65
)
 
(190
)
 
(7
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Loss on sale of interest in subsidiary
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(84
)
Warrant credits
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
812
   
163
   
663
 
Total other income
   
1,911
   
383
   
9
   
214
   
330
   
1,335
   
491
   
1,008
 
Income (loss) from operations before
                                                 
income taxes and minority interests
   
(44,244
)
 
(49,810
)
 
(20,258
)
 
(19,135
)
 
574
   
(12,568
)
 
(10,749
)
 
(15,492
)
Benefit for income taxes
               
147
   
136
   
136
   
167
   
133
   
34
 
Income (loss) from operations before
                                                 
minority interests
   
(44,244
)
 
(49,810
)
 
(20,111
)
 
(18,999
)
 
710
   
(12,401
)
 
(10,616
)
 
(15,458
)
Minority interests
   
16
   
75
   
23,627
   
30
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Net income (loss)
 
$
(44,228
)
$
(49,735
)
$
3,516
 
$
(18,969
)
$
710
 
$
(12,401
)
$
(10,616
)
$
(15,458
)
                                                   
Unaudited pro forma net income (loss)
                                                 
per share: basic and diluted
                               
$
(0.24
)
     
$
(0.30
)
                                                   
Unaudited pro forma weighted average
                                                 
common shares outstanding:
basic and diluted
                                 
52,365,810
         
52,365,810
 

34

 
   
December 31,  
 
December 31,
 
September 30,
 
Pro Forma
September 30,
 
   
2001 
 
2002
 
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2006
 
2006(2)
 
   
(predecessor basis)
(unaudited) 
                 
(unaudited)
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
                                    
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments
 
$
28,055  
 
$
14,896
 
$
17,299
 
$
23,712
 
$
20,265
 
$
8,755
 
 
 
 
Working capital (deficit)
   
20,060  
   
4,332
   
(2,000
)
 
22,135
   
19,185
   
7,324
   
 
 
Total assets
   
35,436  
   
49,973
   
50,161
   
55,388
   
52,593
   
39,424
   
 
 
Total liabilities
   
11,575  
   
13,972
   
24,424
   
8,560
   
7,495
   
5,204
 
$
4,485
 
Allocated net worth
   
23,719  
   
35,317
   
25,737
   
46,828
   
45,098
   
34,220
   
34,939
 
__________________________
 
(1)   Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share has been computed by dividing net loss for the period by the number of AR-CombiMatrix shares assumed to be outstanding and converted into common stock of CombiMatrix Corporation as of the redemption date.
 
(2)   Pro forma balance sheet data reflects the reclassification of common stock warrants that have historically been classified as long term liabilities due to Acacia’s redeemable equity structure, but which will be classified as permanent equity in CombiMatrix Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets after the Redemption Date.
 
FACTORS AFFECTING COMPARABILITY:
 
·   The selected financial data above labeled as "predecessor basis" reflects the operations, assets and liabilities of CombiMatrix Corporation prior to the merger with Acacia on December 13, 2002. As a result of the merger, certain assets and related charges were pushed down to CombiMatrix Corporation that had previously been reflected only on Acacia’s historical financial statements form previous step acquisitions of CombiMatrix Corporation’s common stock. In addition, a one-time charge for in-process research and development of $17.2 million was recognized by Acacia in purchasing the remaining interest in CombiMatrix Corporation not previously owned by Acacia, based upon the fair value of CombiMatrix Corporation’s in-process research and development at the time of the merger with Acacia.
 
·   During the year ended December 31, 2000, we recorded deferred non-cash stock compensation charges aggregating approximately $53.8 million in connection with the granting of stock options. Deferred non-cash stock compensation charges are being amortized over the respective option grant vesting periods, which range from one to four years. Deferred non-cash stock compensation charges were fully amortized as of December 31, 2004.
 
·   On September 30, 2002, CombiMatrix Corporation and Dr. Donald Montgomery, an officer and stockholder of CombiMatrix Corporation, entered into a settlement agreement with Nanogen to settle all pending litigation between the parties. In addition to other terms of the settlement agreement as described elsewhere herein, we agreed to pay Nanogen $1.0 million and issued 4,016,346 shares, or 17.5% of our outstanding shares post issuance, to Nanogen. The $1.0 million in payments have been expensed in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2002 under "legal settlement charges." The issuance of our common shares in settlement of the litigation with Nanogen has been accounted for as a nonmonetary transaction. Accordingly, included in "legal settlement charges" in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2002 is a charge in the amount of $17.5 million based on the fair value of the CombiMatrix Corporation common shares issued to Nanogen.
 
·   In March 2004, we completed all phases of our research and development agreement with Roche Diagnostics, GmbH (" Roche "). As a result of completing all of our obligations under this agreement and in accordance with our revenue recognition policies for multiple-element arrangements, we recognized all previously deferred Roche related contract revenues totaling $17.3 million.
 
·   In December 2005, we completed all phases of our collaboration agreement with Toppan Printing, Ltd. resulting in the recognition of previously deferred collaboration related revenues totaling $2.3 million. Also in December 2005, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge related to investment in CombiMatrix K.K. and Advanced Material Sciences totaling $565,000.
 
·   Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), "Share-Based Payment" ("SFAS No. 123R"), which sets forth the accounting requirements for "share-based" compensation payments to employees and non-employee directors and requires all share based-payments to be recognized as expense in the statement of operations. The compensation cost for all stock-based awards is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award (determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model), and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity award). Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for stock-based awards under Accounting Principles Bulletin No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees”, and related pronouncements. As a result, only the statement of operations for the nine-months ended September 30, 2006, includes stock-based compensation expense recognized by us under SFAS No 123R.

35


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements included elsewhere in this registration statement. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors including those set forth under the heading "Risk Factors" in this prospectus.
 
GENERAL
 
We are seeking to become a broadly diversified biotechnology company, through the development of proprietary technologies and products in the areas of drug development, genetic analysis, nanotechnology research, defense and homeland security markets, as well as other potential markets where our products could be utilized. Among these technologies is a platform technology to rapidly produce customizable arrays. Customizable arrays are semiconductor-based tools for use in identifying and determining the roles of genes, gene mutations and proteins. This technology has a wide range of potential applications in the areas of genomics, proteomics, biosensors, drug discovery, drug development, diagnostics, combinatorial chemistry, material sciences and nanotechnology. Our other technologies include proprietary molecular synthesis and screening methods for the discovery of potential new drugs. We currently recognize revenues from selling these products and services and providing research and development services for organizations including the U.S. Department of Defense and other strategic partners such as Roche Diagnostics, GmbH, or Roche, Toppan Printing, Ltd., or Toppan, and Furuno Electric Co., Ltd., or Furuno.
 
CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc., (" CMDX ") our wholly owned subsidiary located in Irvine, California, is exploring opportunities for our arrays in the field of molecular diagnostics. This subsidiary is currently focusing on research and development and has not yet recognized revenues from its operations. CombiMatrix K.K., our previously wholly owned Japanese corporation located in Tokyo, Japan, was created for the purposes of exploring opportunities for CombiMatrix Corporation’s array system with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in the Asian market. In January 2006, we sold 67% of CombiMatrix K.K. to a third party. This subsidiary does not engage in research and development activities.
 
RELATIONSHIP WITH ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
 
We were originally incorporated in October 1995 as a California corporation and later reincorporated as a Delaware corporation in September 2000. On December 13, 2002, we merged with and became a wholly owned subsidiary of Acacia Research Corporation, or " Acacia ." On the same date, Acacia entered into a recapitalization transaction whereby Acacia created two classes of registered common stock called Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock (" AR-CombiMatrix stock ") and Acacia Research-Acacia Technologies common stock (" AR-Acacia Technologies stock ") and divided its existing Acacia common stock into shares of the two new classes of common stock. The AR-CombiMatrix stock was intended to reflect separately the performance of the CombiMatrix Corporation and its subsidiaries, referred to as the "CombiMatrix group, " whereas the AR-Acacia Technologies stock was intended to reflect separately the performance of Acacia’s technology business, referred to as " Acacia Technologies group ." Upon the redemption date, we will no longer be a subsidiary or an affiliate of Acacia, and the holders of AR-CombiMatrix stock on the redemption date will be the stockholders of our company.
 
LIQUIDITY
 
At September 30, 2006, we had cash and cash equivalents of $8.8 million and have subsequently received $10.1 million in net proceeds from equity financings executed subsequent to September 30, 2006. As a result, management anticipates that our cash and cash equivalent balances, anticipated cash flows from operations and other sources of funding from the capital markets will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements through September 30, 2007. In order for the Company to continue as a going concern beyond this point and ultimately to achieve profitability, we will be required to obtain capital from external sources, increase revenues and reduce operating costs. However, there can be no assurance that such capital will be available at times and at terms acceptable to us, or that higher levels of product and service revenues will be achieved. The issuance of additional equity securities will also cause dilution to our shareholders. If external financing sources of financing are not available or are inadequate to fund our operations, we will be required to reduce operating costs including research projects and personnel, which could jeopardize the future strategic initiatives and business plans of the Company.

36


BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus are consistent with the CombiMatrix Group historical financial statements included in Acacia’s regulatory filings and include the assets, liabilities, operating results and cash flows of CombiMatrix Corporation using Acacia’s historical bases in the assets and liabilities and the historical results of operations of CombiMatrix Corporation. The consolidated financial statements also include allocations of certain Acacia corporate expenses, including governance, legal, accounting, insurance services, treasury and other Acacia corporate and infrastructure costs. The expense allocations have been determined on bases that we determined with Acacia to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by us and are discussed in more detail below.
 
OVERVIEW OF RECENT BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, our operating activities were driven by the execution of two new government contracts with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) totaling $4.0 million to be recognized through 2008 as well as the execution of several new distribution agreements for our CustomArray TM products, both nationally and internationally. We launched our first 90K, high-density array and array synthesizer in May of 2006 and also launched, in collaboration with Furuno Electric Co., Ltd., our QuadroCAS TM CustomArray synthesizer and made available new versions of our Influenza A and miRNA product offerings. Our diagnostics subsidiary, CMDX, received CLIA certification over its diagnostics laboratory and subsequently launched our first molecular diagnostic service using its Constitutional Genetic Array Test, or CGAT during the second quarter of 2006 and recently received notice from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, that CMDX does not require regulation covered by recent FDA guidelines covering certain of its diagnostic assays.
 
Historically, we have relied upon investing and financing activities to fund operating activities. Net proceeds from investing and financing activities were considerably lower for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, than for the nine months ended September 30, 2005, and our cash and cash equivalent balances, anticipated cash flows from operations and other existing sources of credit may not be sufficient to meet our operating capital requirements beyond September 30, 2007. As a result, we will be seeking additional sources of capital including the issuance of debt and/or equity securities.
 
During 2005, our activities included the formation of a wholly owned subsidiary, CMDX and the launch of its molecular diagnostics business for the purpose of exploiting the opportunities in the molecular diagnostics market for our technology. We executed several distribution agreements for our CustomArray platform and related products with distributors in the United States, Asia and Australia. We also expanded our product offerings by launching a desktop version of our DNA array synthesizer as well as new CustomArray™ catalog arrays, including an influenza H5N1 array, sectored arrays and micro-RNA products. In the area of bio-defense, we continued progress on our $5.9 million contract with the Department of Defense, which was completed in December of 2005. As a result of these activities, our research and development efforts were focused primarily on completing our bio-defense contract, launching our molecular diagnostics business as well as continuing development of new products and services based on our core array technology as well as making improvements to existing CustomArray products launched during 2005 and earlier.
 
During 2004, our operating activities included the completion of our research and development agreement with Roche, the execution of a two-year, $5.9 million contract with the Department of Defense to further the development of our array technology for the detection of biological and chemical threat agents, execution of a multi-year collaboration agreement with Furuno Electric Co. to develop a bench-top DNA array synthesizer and the launch of CustomArray, our first commercially available array platform. As a result of completing our research and development agreement with Roche, our research and development programs shifted to a number of externally and internally funded programs that support the activities summarized above. With the completion of our obligations under the Roche agreements, research and development expenses continued to decrease in 2004 as compared to 2003, as efforts shifted to other research and development programs. The decrease in research and development expenses was partially offset by an increase in marketing and sales expenses related to the launch of our CustomArray 902 DNA array platform in March 2004 and our CustomArray 12K DNA expression array in July 2004.
 
During 2003, our operating activities included the receipt of significant payments from our strategic partners and licensees, including $9.8 million related to the completion of certain milestones and delivery of prototype products and services pursuant to agreements with Roche as well as an up-front payment and a milestone payment totaling $2.4 million pursuant to an agreement with Toppan. We also completed several Roche related research and development projects during the third and fourth quarters of 2003, continued efforts with other strategic partners and continued to focus on identifying new strategic relationships with the overall goal of maximizing the opportunities in the life sciences sector that we believe will be created by commercializing our array system.

37


CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In preparing these financial statements, we make assumptions, judgments and estimates that can have a significant impact on amounts reported in our financial statements. We base our assumptions, judgments and estimates on historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. On a regular basis we evaluate our assumptions, judgments and estimates and make changes accordingly.
 
We believe that, of the significant accounting policies discussed in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, the following accounting policies require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments:
 
 
·
revenue recognition;
 
·
accounting for stock-based compensation;
 
·
accounting for income taxes;
 
·
valuation of long-lived and intangible assets and goodwill; and
 
·
allocation of corporate overhead costs from Acacia.
 
We discuss below the critical accounting assumptions, judgments and estimates associated with these policies. Historically, our assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to our critical accounting policies have not differed materially from actual results. For further information on our critical accounting policies, see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included herein.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
As described below, significant management judgments must be made and used in connection with the revenue recognized in any accounting period. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of revenue recognized or deferred for any period if management made different judgments.
 
In general, we recognize revenue in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, "Revenue Recognition," or SAB No. 104, when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) all obligations have been performed pursuant to the terms of the agreement, (iii) amounts are fixed or determinable and (iv) collectibility of amounts is reasonably assured.
 
Revenues from government grants and contracts are recognized in accordance with Accounting Research Bulletin ("ARB") No. 43, "Government Contracts," and related pronouncements, such as Statement of Position 81-1, “Accounting for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Production-Type Contracts.” Accordingly, revenues are recognized under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, using the cost-to-cost approach to measure completeness at each reporting period. Under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, contract revenues and expenses are recognized in the period that work is performed based on the percentage of actual incurred costs to the total contract costs. Actual contract costs include direct charges for labor and materials and indirect charges for labor, overhead and certain general and administrative charges. Contract change orders and claims are included when they can be reliably estimated and are considered probable. For contracts that extend over a one-year period, revisions in contract cost estimates, if they occur, have the effect of adjusting current period earnings applicable to performance in prior periods. Should current contract estimates indicate an overall future loss to be incurred, a provision is made for the total anticipated loss in the current period.
 
Significant estimates, judgments and assumptions are required primarily in connection with our accounting for multiple-element arrangements with strategic partners and licensees.
 
We account for revenues under multiple-element arrangements in accordance with SAB No. 104 and Emerging Issues Task Force Consensus, or EITF, Issue 00-21, "Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables," and related pronouncements. Arrangements with multiple elements or deliverables must be segmented into individual units of accounting based on the separate deliverables only if there is objective and verifiable evidence of fair value to allocate the consideration received to the deliverables. Accordingly, revenues from multiple-element arrangements involving license fees, up-front payments and milestone payments, which are received and/or billable in connection with other rights and services that represent our continuing obligations are deferred until all of the multiple elements have been delivered or until objective and verifiable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered elements has been established. Upon establishing objective and verifiable evidence of the fair value of the elements in multiple-element arrangements, the fair value is allocated to each element of the arrangement, such as license fees or research and development projects, based on the relative fair values of the elements. We determine the fair value of each element in multiple-element arrangements based on objective and verifiable evidence of fair value, which is determined for each element based on the prices charged when the similar elements are sold separately to third parties. If objective and verifiable evidence of fair value of all undelivered elements exists but objective and verifiable evidence of fair value does not exist for one or more delivered elements, then revenue is recognized using the residual method. Under the residual method, the revenues from delivered elements are not recognized until the fair value of the undelivered element or elements have been determined. Significant contract interpretation is sometimes required to determine the appropriate accounting, including whether the deliverables specified in a multiple element arrangement should be treated as separate units of accounting for revenue recognition purposes, and if so, how the price should be allocated among the deliverable elements, when to recognize revenue for each element, and the period over which revenue should be recognized. Changes in the allocation of the sales price between delivered to undelivered elements might impact the timing of revenue recognition, but would not change the total revenue recognized on the contract.

38


Stock-based Compensation Expense
 
Effective January 1, 2006, Acacia and our company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), "Share-Based Payment" (" SFAS No. 123R "), which is a revision of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." SFAS No. 123R supersedes Accounting Principles Board (" APB ") Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and amends SFAS No. 95, "Statement of Cash Flows." SFAS No. 123R sets forth the accounting requirements for "share-based" compensation payments to employees and non-employee directors and requires all share based-payments to be recognized as expense in the statement of operations. In March 2005, the SEC published Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, which requires stock-based compensation to be classified in the same expense line items as cash compensation (i.e. marketing, general and administrative and research and development expenses). The compensation cost for all stock-based awards is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award (determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model), and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity award). Determining the fair value of stock-based awards at the grant date requires significant estimates and judgments, including estimating the market price volatility of our classes of common stock and employee stock option exercise behavior.
 
SFAS No. 123R also requires stock-based compensation expense to be recorded only for those awards expected to vest using an estimated pre-vesting forfeiture rate. As such, SFAS No. 123R requires us to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures at the time of grant and reflect the impact of estimated pre-vesting option forfeitures on compensation expense recognized. Estimates of pre-vesting forfeitures must be periodically revised in subsequent   periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. We consider several factors in connection with our estimate of pre-vesting forfeitures including types of awards, employee class, and historical pre-vesting forfeiture data. The estimation of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent that actual results differ from our estimates, such amounts will be recorded as cumulative adjustments in the period the estimates are revised. If actual results differ significantly from these estimates, stock-based compensation expense and our results of operations could be materially impacted.
 
Accounting for Income Taxes
 
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves the estimating of our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as deferred revenue, amortization of intangibles and asset depreciation for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheet. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or increase this allowance in a period, we must include an expense within the tax provision in the consolidated statement of operations.
 
Management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and our valuation allowance. We have recorded a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets of $44.2 million as of December 31, 2005, due to uncertainties related to our ability to utilize our deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of certain net operating losses carried forward, before they expire. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we have considered our estimates of future taxable income, the period over which our deferred tax assets may be recoverable, our history of losses and our assessment of the probability of continuing losses in the foreseeable future. In our estimate, any positive indicators, including forecasts of potential future profitability of our businesses, are outweighed by the uncertainties surrounding our estimates and judgments of potential future taxable income. If actual results differ from these estimates or if we adjust these estimates because we believe we would be able to realize these deferred tax assets in the future, then an adjustment to the valuation allowance would increase income in the period such determination was made. Any changes in the valuation allowance could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.
 
Valuation of Long-lived and Intangible Assets and Goodwill
 
Goodwill is evaluated for impairment using a fair value approach at the reporting unit level annually, or earlier if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. A reporting unit can be an operating segment or a business if discrete financial information is prepared and reviewed by management. Our reporting units are CombiMatrix Corporation and two wholly owned subsidiaries, Advanced Materials Sciences and CombiMatrix K.K. Under the impairment test, if a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its estimated fair value, goodwill impairment is recognized to the extent that the reporting unit’s carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill. The fair value of our reporting units are estimated using existing market prices for AR-CombiMatrix stock as well as using discounted cash flows and other valuation techniques. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining forecasted cash inflows and outflows, the timing of cash flows and discount rates commensurate with the risks involved.

39


We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important, which could trigger an impairment review include the following:
 
 
·
significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results;
 
 
·
significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business;
 
 
·
significant negative industry or economic trends;
 
 
·
significant adverse changes in legal factors or in the business climate, including adverse regulatory actions or assessments; and
 
 
·
significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period.
 
We calculate estimated future undiscounted cash flows, before interest and taxes, resulting from the use of the asset and our estimated value of the asset at disposal and compare it to our carrying value of the asset in determining whether impairment potentially exists. If a potential impairment exists, a calculation is performed to determine the fair value of the long-lived asset. This calculation is based on a valuation model and discount rate commensurate with the risks involved. Third-party appraised values may also be used in determining whether impairment potentially exists.
 
As described above, in assessing the recoverability of goodwill and other intangible assets, estimates of market values and projections regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors are used to determine the fair value of the respective assets. If these estimates or related projections change in future periods, future goodwill impairment tests may result in a charge to earnings. In applying these accounting practices, we recognized a charge from goodwill impairment of approximately $565,000 during the fourth quarter of 2005. This amount represents the full amount of goodwill recognized by our company as a result of step-acquisitions of both Advanced Materials Sciences and CombiMatrix K.K. in July 2003.
 
Allocation of Corporate Overhead Costs from Acacia
 
Acacia allocates the cost of corporate general and administrative services and facilities between its subsidiaries and reporting groups generally based upon utilization. For example, direct salaries, payroll taxes and fringe benefits are allocated to the groups based on the percentage of actual time incurred by specific employees to total annual time available and direct costs including, postage, insurance, legal fees, accounting and tax and other are allocated to the groups based on specific identification of costs incurred on behalf of each group. Other direct costs, including direct depreciation expense, computer costs, general office supplies and rent are allocated to the groups based on the ratio of direct salaries to total salaries. Indirect costs, including indirect salaries and benefits, investor relations, rent, general office supplies and indirect depreciation are allocated to the groups based on the ratio of direct salaries for each group to total direct salaries. Except as otherwise determined by management, the allocated costs of providing such services and facilities include, without limitation, all costs and expenses of personnel employed in connection with such services and facilities, including, without limitation, all direct costs of such personnel, such as payroll, payroll taxes and fringe benefit costs (calculated at the appropriate annual composite rate) and all overhead costs and expenses directly related to such personnel and the services or facilities provided by them. The corporate general and administrative services and facilities allocated by Acacia include, without limitation, legal services, accounting services (tax and financial), insurance and related deductibles if applicable, employee benefit plans and administration, investor relations, stockholder services and expenses relating to Acacia’s board of directors. Corporate expenses totaling $894,000, $689,000 and $498,000 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, were allocated to us by Acacia.
 
Management estimates and judgments are required with respect to the allocations of overhead costs of Acacia to us. Had different assumptions and allocation methodologies been used different accounting treatment for such costs may have been required. Also, these allocations are not necessarily indicative of the actual costs we would have incurred had we been a separate, stand-alone entity, nor are they necessarily indicative of the actual costs we will incur in the future for similar corporate general and administrative costs as a separate, stand-alone entity.
 
DISCUSSION OF OPERATIONS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
 
You should read this discussion in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes and the CombiMatrix Corporation consolidated financial statements and related notes, both included elsewhere herein. Historical results and percentage relationships are not necessarily indicative of operating results for any future periods.
 
See Item 1. "Description of Business," for a general overview of our business.

40


Results of Operations - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005 and 2006
 
Revenues and Cost of Revenues (In thousands)

   
For the Nine Months
 
   
Ended September 30,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
           
Government contract
 
$
2,985
 
$
1,563
 
Cost of government contract revenues
   
(2,820
)
 
(1,476
)
Service contracts
   
108
   
268
 
Products
   
1,296
   
3,050
 
Cost of product sales
   
(635
)
 
(973
)
 
Government Contract and Cost of Government Contract Revenues. The decrease was due to greater efforts leading to the completion, in December 2005, of our commitments under our previous two-year, $5.9 million research and development contract with the DoD to further the development of our array technology for the electrochemical detection of biological threat agents. In February 2006, we executed a new one-year, $2.1 million contract with the DoD to further the development of its electrochemical detection system. Government contract revenues and contract costs were lower during the nine months ended September 30, 2006, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2005, due to the commencement of work under the new $2.1 million contract in February 2006, as compared to nine full months of activity under the previous $5.9 million contract during the prior year. In August 2006, we executed a new two-year, $1.9 million contract with the DoD to integrate our electrochemical detection technology with its microfluidics "lab-on-a-chip" technology for national defense and homeland security applications. Efforts under the microfluidics contract were not significant during the nine months ended September 30, 2006.
 
Under the terms of our DoD contracts, we are reimbursed on a periodic basis for actual costs incurred to perform our obligations, plus a fixed fee. Revenues are recognized under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, using the cost-to-cost approach to measure completeness at the end of each reporting period. Cost of government contract revenues reflect research and development expenses incurred in connection with our commitments under our current contracts with the DoD, which were approximately 68% and 4% complete as of September 30, 2006 for the electrochemical detection and microfluidics contracts, respectively. We expect to incur approximately $516,000 and $1.4 million in future contract costs through the second quarter of 2008 in order to complete our obligations to the DoD under our electrochemical detection and microfluidics contracts, respectively.
 
Product Revenues and Cost of Product Sales. Product revenues and costs of product sales relate to domestic and international sales of our array products. Product revenues include the sale of DNA synthesizer instruments and CustomArray 12K DNA expression arrays and related hardware including array revenue from our diagnostics subsidiary, CMDX, during the nine months ended September 30, 2006, compared to lower instrument and 12K DNA expression array sales during the comparable 2005 period. The overall increase in product revenues was due primarily to the increased product offerings currently available to our customers, which includes 12K and 4X2K arrays, DNA synthesizer and electrochemical detection reader instruments and related hardware, as compared to only the 902 and 12K expression arrays and DNA synthesizer instruments in the comparable 2005 period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, product revenues include $221,000 in array sales from our diagnostics subsidiary, CMDX, compared to no sales in the comparable 2005 period. Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 included a higher percentage of product revenues from the sale of DNA synthesizer and electrochemical detection reader instruments.
 
Operating Expenses (In thousands)

   
For the Nine Months
 
   
Ended September 30,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
           
Research and development expenses
 
$
4,082
 
$
7,380
 

41


 
Research and Development Expenses . During the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, we continued internal research and development efforts to improve and expand our technology and product offerings. The increase in internal research and development expenses was due primarily to the development of higher density array products by us as well as the impact of our subsidiary, CMDX, which was formed and began research and development activities in the second quarter of 2005 in the area of diagnostic applications. In addition, research and development expenses include $0 and $797,000 of stock-based compensation expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The increase in 2006 was due to the adoption of SFAS No. 123R effective January 1, 2006.
 
Future research and development expenses will continue to be incurred in connection with the CombiMatrix group’s ongoing internal research and development efforts in the areas of genomics, diagnostics, drug discovery and development. The CombiMatrix group expects its research and development expenses to continue to fluctuate and such expenses could increase in future periods as additional internal research and development agreements are undertaken and/or as new research and development collaborations are executed with strategic partners.
 
   
For the Nine Months
 
   
Ended September 30,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
           
Marketing, general and administrative expenses
 
$
7,345
 
$
9,691
 
Patent amortization and royalties
   
951
   
1,075
 
Legal settlement gains
   
(406
)
 
-
 
Equity in loss of investee
   
202
   
786
 
 
 
Marketing, General and Administrative Expenses . The overall increase was due primarily to the full year’s impact of general and administrative expenses incurred by CMDX in 2006, which commenced operations in the second quarter of 2005, as well as increased legal and accounting expenses related mostly to costs associated with the planned split-off of CombiMatrix Corporation from Acacia Research Corporation and stock-based compensation. Marketing, general and administrative expenses include stock-based compensation of $(146,000) and $959,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The increase in 2006 was due to the adoption of SFAS No. 123R effective January 1, 2006. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in marketing, sales and other expenses. A summary of the main drivers of the change in marketing, general and administrative expenses for the periods presented is as follows (in thousands):

   
For the Nine Months Ended
 
   
September 30, 2005 vs. 2006
 
           
Decrease in marketing and sales expenses
       
$
(836
)
Increase in general and administrative expenses at CMDX
         
1,292
 
Increase in legal, accounting and other professional fees
         
979
 
Increase in non-cash stock compensation
         
1,105
 
Decrease in other general and administrative expenses
         
(194
)
 
Patent Amortization and Royalties. Patent amortization of $821,000 and $822,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, respectively, relates to the amortization of our patents recognized from step acquisitions of CombiMatrix Corporation by Acacia in 2000 and 2002, which are being amortized over a weighted average useful life of approximately 9 years. Royalty expense of $130,000 and $253,000 for the same periods, respectively, relate to our September 2002 settlement agreement with Nanogen, Inc., and are equal to 12.5% of payments made to us from sales of certain products developed by us that are based on the patents that had been in dispute in the litigation with Nanogen, Inc. prior to settlement. The increase in royalties expense for the periods presented is due to the corresponding increase in product revenue payments for the period.
 
Legal Settlement Gains. In connection with the September 2002 settlement agreement between CombiMatrix Corporation, Dr. Donald Montgomery and Nanogen, we recognized a long-term liability that reflects the fair value of AR-CombiMatrix common stock potentially issuable to Nanogen in accordance with certain anti-dilution provisions of the settlement agreement. Periodic charges and the related liability are estimated based on the number of shares issuable and or potentially issuable and the AR-CombiMatrix stock price at the end of the respective reporting period. Changes in the legal settlement gains for nine months ended September 30, 2005 are the result of valuing this liability to market at each reporting date. This liability does not represent cash payments due to Nanogen. The anti-dilution provisions of the settlement agreement expired in September 2005 and as a result, there has been no activity recognized since October 1, 2006.

42


Equity in Loss of Investee. As of September 30, 2005 and 2006, we owned 14% and 29%, respectively, of Leuchemix Inc., or Leuchemix, a private drug development firm, which is developing several compounds for the treatment of leukemia and other cancers. Our equity in the losses of Leuchemix increased due to our increased ownership in Leuchemix as well as an increase in expenses incurred by Leuchemix. We are under a contractual commitment to increase our ownership in Leuchemix to approximately 33% during the fourth quarter of 2006 and as a result, the equity in loss of Leuchemix is expected to increase in future periods.
 
Other
 
Loss on Sale of Investment. In January 2006, we expanded our relationship with one of our existing distributors, InBio, for the Asia Pacific region. Major components of the expanded relationship included the transfer of day-to-day operational responsibility and majority ownership of CombiMatrix K.K. to InBio, along with an expanded distribution agreement that encompasses Japan. InBio obtained 67% of the voting interests in CombiMatrix K.K. for a nominal amount of consideration. As a result, InBio assumed all operational and financial responsibilities of CombiMatrix K.K. The net loss on the sale of 67% of the voting interest in CombiMatrix K.K. was $84,000. Subsequent to the sale, our investment in CombiMatrix K.K. was accounted for under the equity method. The deconsolidation of CombiMatrix K.K. did not have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2006 . The impact on the statement of operations resulting from the transition to the equity method of accounting for our investment in CombiMatrix K.K. was not material during the periods presented.
 
Warrant Gains (Charges ). In accordance with SFAS No. 150, "Accounting for Certain Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity," or SFAS No. 150, and related interpretations, certain AR-CombiMatrix stock purchase warrants outstanding at September 30, 2006 have been classified as a long-term liability due to certain redemption provisions associated with the underlying AR-CombiMatrix stock. Due to declines in the fair value of AR-CombiMatrix common stock, the fair value of the stock purchase warrant liability decreased by $163,000 and $663,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The related credits are reflected in the statement of operations. Refer to Note 11 to the CombiMatrix Corporation consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005 and 2006
 
At September 30, 2006 , cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $8.8 million compared to $20.3 million at December 31, 2005. Working capital at September 30, 2006 , was $7.3 million, compared $19.2 million at December 31, 2005. The change in working capital was due primarily to the impact of net cash flow activities as discussed below.
 
The net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, was comprised of the following (in thousands):
 
   
For the Nine Months
 
   
Ended September 30,
 
   
2005
 
2006
 
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations:
             
Operating activities
 
$
(9,954
)
$
(11,476
)
Investing activities
   
11,177
   
6,266
 
Financing activities
   
12,969
   
2,220
 
Effect of exchange rate on cash
   
35
   
-
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
$
14,227
 
$
(2,990
)
 
Cash receipts from customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, were $4.5 million, comprised of $2.6 million from the sale of array products and services and $1.9 million in payments received from the Department of Defense . Cash receipts in the comparable 2005 period totaled $4.1 million, comprised of $1.1 million from the sale of array products and related services and $3.0 million in electrochemical detection contract payments received from the Department of Defense. Cash outflows from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, increased to $16.3 million, as compared to $14.1 million in the comparable 2005 period, due primarily to an increase in research and development, marketing general and administrative expenses related to CMDX as described above and the impact of the timing of vendor payments and related accruals.

43


The net cash flows provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006 were due primarily to net sales of available-for-sale investments in connection with ongoing short-term cash management activities. For the nine months ending September 30, 2006, we incurred $495,000 of capital expenditures and $1.4 million in purchasing of Leuchemix preferred stock, which amounted to $1.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively, in the comparable 2005 period.
 
On June 14, 2006, Acacia Research Corporation entered into a Standby Equity Distribution Agreement (the " SEDA ") with Cornell Capital Partners, LP ("Cornell"), providing up to $50 million of equity financing from Cornell through the sale of up to 13,024,924 shares of AR-CombiMatrix common stock through June 2008. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we had received $2,207,000 in net proceeds in equity financings through the sale of 2,019,646 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock under the SEDA. For the nine months ended September 30, 2005, our financing activities were composed primarily of two financing events. First, in July 2005, Acacia Research Corporation sold 1,400,444 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock in a registered direct offering, generating net proceeds of approximately $3,114,000, which were attributed to the CombiMatrix group. Second, in September 2005, Acacia Research Corporation sold 6,385,907 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock and 1,596,478 AR-CombiMatrix stock purchase warrants in a registered direct offering, generating net proceeds of approximately $9,707,000, which were also attributed to the CombiMatrix group. We do not expect the decline in net proceeds from financing activities to continue. As discussed below, we believe that we must raise additional capital to meet our cash requirements over the next 12 months and as a result, net proceeds from financing activities should increase significantly if we are able to meet our goals and objectives over the next 12 months.
 
Subsequent to September 30, 2006, an additional 1,191,699 shares of AR-CombiMatrix common stock were purchased by Cornell under the SEDA, generating net proceeds of $863,000 attributed to the CombiMatrix group. In addition, on December 13, 2006, Acacia completed a registered direct offering with Oppenheimer & Co., Inc. or Oppenheimer, as the placement agent, raising gross proceeds of $9,964,000 through the issuance of 9,768,313 units. Each unit consists of one share of AR-CombiMatrix common stock and 1.2 five-year common stock warrants, for a total of 9,768,313 shares and warrants to purchase 11,721,975 shares of AR-CombiMatrix common stock, respectively, issued to investors. Net proceeds raised from the private equity financing of $9,266,000 were attributed to us. The agreement with Cornell was also cancelled. For more information on the terms of these agreements, please see Notes 15 and 16 of our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
 
We believe that our cash and cash equivalent balances, anticipated cash flows from operations and external sources of funding from the capital markets will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements through September 30, 2007. In order for us to continue as a going concern beyond September 30, 2007, we will be required to obtain capital from external sources. However, there can be no assurances that we will be able to secure additional sources of financing at times and at terms acceptable to us. The issuance of additional equity securities will also cause dilution to the AR-CombiMatrix shareholders. If external financing sources of financing are not available or are inadequate to fund our operations, we will be required to reduce our operating costs including research projects and personnel, which could jeopardize our future strategic initiatives and business plans. For example, reductions in research and development activities and/or personnel at our Mukilteo, Washington facility could result in the inability to invest the resources necessary to continue to develop next-generation products and improve existing product lines in order to remain competitive in the marketplace, resulting in reduced revenues and cash flows from the sales of our CustomArray products and services. Also, reduction in operating costs at our diagnostics subsidiary in Irvine, California, (CMDX), should they occur, could jeopardize our ability to launch, market and sell additional products and services necessary to order grow and sustain our operations and eventually achieve profitability.
 
We may also encounter unforeseen difficulties that may deplete our capital resources more rapidly than anticipated, including those set forth in our Risk Factors included herein. Any efforts to seek additional funding could be made through equity, debt or other external financing, and there can be no assurance that additional funding will be available on favorable terms, if at all.
 
Our long-term capital requirements will be substantial and the adequacy of available funds will depend upon many factors, including:
 
 
·
the costs of commercialization activities, including sales and marketing, manufacturing and capital equipment;
 
 
·
our continued progress in research and development programs;
 
 
·
the costs involved in filing, prosecuting, enforcing and defending any patents claims, should they arise;
 
 
·
our ability to license technology;
 
 
·
competing technological developments;
 
 
·
the creation and formation of strategic partnerships;
 
 
·
the costs associated with leasing and improving our headquarters in Mukilteo, Washington and in Irvine, California; and
 
 
·
other factors that may not be within our control.

44


Pursuant to the Tax Allocation Agreement, we have agreed not to take certain actions for two years following the split off, unless we obtain an IRS ruling or an opinion of counsel to the effect that these actions will not affect the tax-free nature of the split off. These actions include certain issuances of our stock, a liquidation or merger of our company, and dispositions of assets outside the ordinary course of our business. If any of these transactions were to occur, the split off could be deemed to be a taxable distribution to Acacia. In particular, we have agreed to indemnify Acacia for any tax resulting from an acquisition by one or more persons of a 50% or greater interest in our company. For more information about our liability under the Tax Allocation Agreement, please refer to the section titled "Relationship to Acacia Research Corporation After Split Off."
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We have not entered into off-balance sheet financing arrangements, other than operating leases. We have no significant commitments for capital expenditures in 2006. Other than as set forth below, we have no committed lines of credit or other committed funding or long-term debt. The following table lists our material known future cash commitments as of September 30, 2006 :  

   
Payments Due by Period (in thousands)  
 
Contractual Obligations
 
Remaining 2006
 
2007-2008
 
2009-2010
 
2011 and Thereafter
 
Operating leases
 
$
472
 
$
3,552
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
Minimum royalty payments (1)
   
25
   
200
   
200
   
775
 
Leuchemix equity purchases (2)
   
750
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Total contractual cash obligations
 
$
1,247
 
$
3,752
 
$
200
 
$
775
 
 
____________________________________

(1)
Refer to Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of the September 30, 2002 settlement agreement between CombiMatrix Corporation and Dr. Donald Montgomery and Nanogen.
(2)
Refer to Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the October 2004 Leuchemix transaction.

 
Results of Operations - Years Ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005
 
Revenues and Cost of Revenues (In thousands)
 
   
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
               
Collaboration agreements
 
$
-
 
$
17,302
 
$
2,266
 
Government contract
   
-
   
1,993
   
3,849
 
Cost of government contract revenues
   
-
   
(1,874
)
 
(3,683
)
Service contracts
   
49
   
116
   
153
 
Products
   
407
   
230
   
1,765
 
Cost of product sales
   
(99
)
 
(173
)
 
(820
)
 
Collaboration Agreements. In March 2004, we completed all phases of our research and development agreement with Roche. As a result of completing all obligations under this agreement and in accordance with our revenue recognition policies for multiple-element arrangements, we recognized $17.3 million of research and development contract revenues during the first quarter of 2004, all of which were previously deferred. The majority of research and development efforts under the Roche agreement were incurred prior to 2004. During the fourth quarter of 2005, we completed all obligations under our collaboration and supply agreement with Toppan and as a result, we recognized all previously deferred payments from Toppan as research and development contract revenues totaling $2.3 million. Research and development activities and expenses related to the Toppan agreement were incurred during the two-year term of the agreement, which was originally executed in May 2003.

45


Government Contract and Cost of Government Contract Revenues. Under the terms of our contract with the Department of Defense, we were reimbursed on a periodic basis for actual costs incurred to perform our obligations, plus a fixed fee. Revenues are recognized under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, using the cost-to-cost approach to measure completeness at the end of the each reporting period. Cost of government contract revenues reflect research and development expenses incurred in connection with our commitments under this contract, which was completed as of December 31, 2005. Revenues and associated costs increased during 2005 compared to 2004 due to increased activity on the contract and due to the fact that only nine months of activity were incurred in 2004 versus a full year of activity in 2005. There are no additional revenues or costs expected to be recognized from this contract in future periods.
 
Service Contracts.   Prior to 2005, all service contract revenues were recognized by CombiMatrix K.K. from existing array customers in Japan. As of December 31, 2004, the terms of these contracts had expired. Costs incurred in connection with these services were not material. For the year ended December 31, 2005, s ervice contract revenues include maintenance and service contract fees relating to DNA array synthesizers sold during 2005. Such service contracts are typically for twelve months, and the consideration received is recognized ratably over the service period.
 
Product Revenues and Cost of Product Sales . Product revenues and cost of product sales during 2003 were recognized by CombiMatrix K.K. from sales of prototype DNA array synthesizers and related array products and services to Japanese research institutions. No additional sales of prototype DNA array synthesizers have been sold by CombiMatrix K.K. subsequent to 2003. Product revenues and costs of product sales during 2004 and 2005 relate to domestic and international sales of our array products, including our CustomArray 902 DNA array platform launched in March 2004, our CustomArray 12K DNA expression array launched in July 2004 and our commercial DNA array synthesizer instrument launched in August 2005. Our product revenues increased from 2004 to 2005 due primarily to a full year of array sales recognized in 2005 compared to only a partial year’s recognition in 2004 as well as the launch of our DNA array synthesizer instrument in 2005.
 
Research and Development Expenses (In thousands)

   
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
               
Research and development expenses
 
$
8,564
 
$
5,385
 
$
5,783
 
 
Exclusive of stock-based compensation expense, the decrease in research and development expenses in 2004 as compared to 2003 was due primarily to our completion of several Roche related research and development projects during the third and fourth quarters of 2003 and final completion of the research and development agreement with Roche in the first quarter of 2004. During 2003, our research and development activities were driven primarily by ongoing performance obligations under the product commercialization phase of our license and research and development agreements with Roche. These activities include costs associated with direct labor, supplies and materials, development of prototype arrays and instruments and the use of outside consultants for certain engineering efforts. As our obligations under this contract were completed in early 2004, the related research and development costs ceased, contributing to the decrease in research and development costs from 2003 to 2004. These costs increased from 2004 to 2005, primarily due to the launch of the CustomArray platform and continued launch of related array products, including our DNA array synthesizer instrument launched in August 2005. Research and development activities at our wholly owned subsidiary, CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, which was formed in April of 2005, also contributed to the overall increase in research and development expenses for 2005. In addition, research and development expenses include $466,000, 91,000 and $0 of stock-based compensation expense in the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively.
 
With the completion of the research and development agreement with Roche, year-to-date and future research and development expenses were and will continue to be incurred in connection with our commitments under existing collaboration and supply agreements with various strategic partners including Furuno, as well as ongoing internal research and development efforts in the areas of genomics, molecular diagnostics, drug discovery and development. We expect our research and development expenses to continue to be volatile and such expenses could increase in future periods as additional contract and/or internal research and development projects are undertaken.

46


Other Operating Expenses (In thousands)

   
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
               
Marketing, general and administrative expenses
 
$
9,820
 
$
9,902
 
$
9,827
 
Patent amortization and royalties
   
1,178
   
1,234
   
1,312
 
Legal settlement charges (credits)
   
144
   
812
   
(406
)
Equity in loss of of investee
   
-
   
17
   
352
 
Goodwill impairment
   
-
   
-
   
565
 
 
Marketing, General and Administrative Expenses. Exclusive of stock-based compensation expense, the increase in 2004 as compared to 2003, was due primarily to an increase in corporate professional fees related to our Sarbanes-Oxley compliance projects of approximately $303,000 and an increase in marketing and sales costs of approximately $447,000 related to the launch of our CustomArray DNA array platform beginning in March 2004 and overall expansion of our sales and marketing division. The decrease in 2005 as compared to 2004, was due primarily to the following items: (i) continued expansion of our sales force and marketing efforts, which increased by approximately $478,000 in 2005 compared to 2004; (ii) creation of CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics in 2005, which added approximately $598,000 of marketing, general and administrative expenses that were not incurred in 2004; and (iii) reduction in Sarbanes-Oxley compliance costs, business insurance, allocated overhead from Acacia and other general and administrative costs of approximately $250,000. Included in marketing, general and administrative expenses for the years ended 2003, 2004 and 2005 are corporate general and administrative overhead charges of $894,000, $689,000 and $498,000 respectively, that were allocated to us by Acacia. See "Critical Accounting Policies" for a description of the management allocation policies implemented.
 
In addition, marketing, general and administrative expenses include $1.2 million, $663,000 and $(159,000) of stock-based compensation expense in the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. The overall decrease for the years presented was primarily due to the accelerated method of stock compensation amortization utilized, which results in higher amounts of amortization in the earlier vesting periods and the impact of stock compensation expense reversals related to the forfeiture of certain unvested stock options during the respective periods. Deferred stock compensation amounts were fully amortized as of December 31, 2004. Compensation credits recognized in 2005 were from stock options issued to consultants at fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Future charges (credits) from non-employee stock option awards are expected to be volatile due to changes in the market price of our publicly traded common stock.
 
Patent Amortization and Royalties. Patent amortization of $1,095,000, $1,096,000 and $1,095,000 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, relates to the amortization of our patents recognized from step acquisitions of CombiMatrix Corporation by Acacia in 2000 and 2002, which are being amortized over a weighted average useful life of approximately 9 years. Royalty expense of $83,000, $138,000 and $217,000 for the same periods, respectively, relate to our September 2002 settlement agreement with Nanogen, Inc., and are equal to 12.5% of payments made to us from sales of certain products developed by us that are based on the patents that had been in dispute in the litigation with Nanogen, Inc. prior to settlement. The increase in royalties expense for the years presented is due to the corresponding increase in product revenue payments for the period.
 
Legal Settlement Charges (Credits) . In connection with the September 2002 settlement agreement between CombiMatrix Corporation, Dr. Donald Montgomery and Nanogen, we recognized a long-term liability that reflects the fair value of AR-CombiMatrix common stock potentially issuable to Nanogen in accordance with certain anti-dilution provisions of the settlement agreement. Periodic charges and the related liability are estimated based on the number of shares issuable and or potentially issuable and the AR-CombiMatrix stock price at the end of the respective reporting period. Changes in the legal settlement charges (credits) for all years presented are the result of valuing this liability to market at each reporting date. This liability does not represent cash payments due to Nanogen. The anti-dilution provisions of the settlement agreement expired in September 2005 and as a result, future legal settlement charges (credits) are expected to be $0.
 
Equity in Loss of Investee . As December 31, 2004 and 2005, we owned 3% and 19%, respectively, of Leuchemix Corporation, a private drug development firm, which is developing several compounds for the treatment of leukemia and other cancers. Our equity in the losses of Leuchemix has increased due to our increased ownership in Leuchemix as well as increased expenses incurred by Leuchemix. We are under contractual commitment to increase our ownership to approximately 33% during 2006 and as a result, we expect our equity in loss of Leuchemix to increase.

47


Goodwill Impairment . We recognized a charge from goodwill impairment of approximately $565,000 during the fourth quarter of 2005, related to our Advanced Materials Sciences and CombiMatrix K.K. reporting units. These reporting units were tested for impairment in the fourth quarter of 2005 in connection with our annual forecasting process. Due to the lack of third-party research and development funding for Advanced Materials Sciences and declining array product sales at CombiMatrix K.K., operating profits and cash flows were lower than expected during the preceding three quarters. Based on these trends, the operating forecasts for 2006 were revised downward, resulting in the goodwill impairment charge.
 
Other Non-Operating Income

Interest income. We earn interest on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Interest income has been increasing primarily due to rising market interest rates.
 
Warrant Credits. In accordance with SFAS No. 150, "Accounting for Certain Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity," or SFAS No. 150, and related interpretations, certain AR-CombiMatrix stock purchase warrants outstanding at December 31, 2005, which were issued in connection with equity financings in May 2003 and September 2005, have been classified as a long-term liability due to certain redemption provisions associated with the underlying AR-CombiMatrix stock. Changes in the fair value of the stock purchase warrant liability are reflected in the consolidated statement of operations. There were no such warrant liabilities and thus no related charges or credits for 2003 or 2004.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
At December 31, 2004, cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $23.7 million, compared to $20.3 million at December 31, 2005. Working capital was $22.1 million at December 31, 2004, compared to $19.2 million at December 31, 2005. Working capital decreased in 2005 primarily due to the reduction in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.
 
The change in cash and cash equivalents for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 was comprised of the following (in thousands):

   
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations:
             
Operating activities
 
$
(3,910
)
$
(11,584
)
$
(13,643
)
Investing activities
   
(1,996
)
 
(8,448
)
 
3,390
 
Financing activities
   
6,435
   
19,227
   
12,914
 
Effect of exchange rate on cash
   
(13
)
 
(17
)
 
72
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
$
516
 
$
(822
)
$
2,733
 

The increase in net cash outflows from operations in 2004 compared to 2003, was due primarily to a decrease in operating cash receipts from customers, which totaled $3.0 million in 2004, comprised of $1.7 million from the Department of Defense, $1.0 million from Furuno and $265,000 from the sale of array products and related services, compared to $12.8 million in the comparable 2003 period, consisting primarily of $9.8 million related to the completion of certain milestones and delivery of prototype products and services pursuant to its agreements with Roche and an up-front payment of $1.0 million and a $1.4 million milestone payment pursuant to its agreement with Toppan. The decrease in payments from customers was partially offset by the decrease in operating expenses and the impact of the timing of the receipt of payments from customers and payments to vendors.
 
The increase in net cash outflows from operations in 2005 compared to 2004 was due primarily to an increase in operating expenses totaling $18.9 million in 2005 compared to $14.7 million in 2004. This increase was due primarily to increased research and development and general and administrative costs incurred as discussed above, as well as the net impact of the timing of the receipt of payments from customers and payments to vendors. The increase in cash outflows from operating expenses was partially offset by an increase in cash receipts from customers, which totaled $5.3 million in 2005 compared to $3.0 million in 2004. The primary reason for the increase was due to increased activity under our 2-year government contract resulting in billings and cash payments during 2005 of $3.6 million as compared to $1.7 million in 2004, as well as increased sales and related cash receipts from CustomArray customers totaling $1.7 million in 2005 compared to $113,000 in 2004.
 
The change in net cash flows used in investing activities for all periods presented was due primarily to our ongoing short term cash management activities and changes in short term investments in connection with certain financing activities discussed below. Fixed asset purchases were $83,000, $810,000, and $1.3 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Investments made in the preferred stock of Leuchemix, Inc. were $250,000 and $1.6 million in 2004 and 2005, respectively.

48


The change in net cash inflows from financing activities allocated to us from Acacia in 2004 compared to 2003, was due to the completion of an equity financing which raised net proceeds of approximately $13.7 million through the sale of AR-CombiMatrix stock during 2004, compared to equity financing net proceeds of $4.9 million during the comparable 2003 period. Financing activities in 2004 also included proceeds from the exercise of AR-CombiMatrix warrants and stock options, totaling $5.1 million, compared to $1.0 million in the comparable 2003 period. During 2005, Acacia financing activities of AR-CombiMatrix stock totaled $12.7 million, net of certain transaction fees, were allocated to the company.
 
To date, we have relied primarily upon selling equity securities as well as payments from strategic partners to generate the funds needed to finance the implementation of the company’s business strategies. We cannot assure that we will not encounter unforeseen difficulties that may deplete capital resources more rapidly than anticipated. Any efforts to seek additional funds could be made through equity, debt or other external financings, however we cannot assure that additional funding will be available on favorable terms, if at all. If we fail to obtain additional funding when needed, we may not be able to execute its business strategies and its business may suffer.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We have not entered into off-balance sheet financing arrangements, other than operating leases. We have no significant commitments for capital expenditures in 2006. Other than as set forth below, we have no committed funding or long-term debt. The following table lists our material known future cash commitments as of December 31, 2005:  

   
Payments Due by Period (in thousands)
 
Contractual Obligations
 
2006
 
2007-2008
 
2009-2010
 
2011 and
Thereafter
 
Operating leases
 
$
1,886
 
$
3,552
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
Minimum royalty payments (1)
   
100
   
200
   
200
   
775
 
Leuchemix equity purchases (2)  
   
2,150
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Total contractual cash obligations
 
$
4,136
 
$
3,752
 
$
200
 
$
775
 
_____________________
 
 
(1)
Refer to Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements for a description of the September 30, 2002 settlement agreement between CombiMatrix Corporation, Dr. Donald Montgomery and Nanogen.
 
(2)
See Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our investment in Leuchemix.
 
Inflation
 
Inflation has not had a significant impact on the company in the current or prior periods presented.
 
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
 
Refer to Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein.
 
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Our exposure to market risk is limited to interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of United States interest rates, particularly because the majority of our investments are in short-term debt securities issued by the U.S. treasury and by U.S. corporations as well as auction market securities. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing the income we receive without significantly increasing risk. To minimize risk, we maintain our portfolio of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments in a variety of investment-grade securities and with a variety of issuers, including corporate notes, commercial paper, government securities, auction market securities and money market funds. Due to the nature of our short-term investments, we do not believe that we are subject to any material or significant market risk exposure.

49


At December 31, 2004 and 2005, we had certain assets and liabilities denominated in Japanese Yen as a result of consolidating our wholly owned subsidiary, CombiMatrix K.K. However, due to the relative insignificance of those amounts, we do not believe that we have significant exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risks. We do not currently use derivative financial instruments to mitigate this exposure.

 
MARKET PRICE OF AND DIVIDENDS ON COMMON EQUITY
AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
 
RECENT MARKET PRICES
 
Acacia Research Corporation’s two classes of common stock, AR-CombiMatrix stock and AR-Acacia Technologies stock, commenced trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market on December 16, 2002. The historical market prices reported below are those of the AR-CombiMatrix stock which will be redeemed for our common stock on the redemption date. AR-CombiMatrix stock is listed on the Nasdaq National Market System under the symbol "CBMX," and we have applied to list our common stock on the American Stock Exchange following the redemption under the same symbol.
 
The market for AR-CombiMatrix common stock has historically experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations during certain periods. These broad market fluctuations and other factors, such as new product developments and trends in our industry and the investment markets generally, as well as economic conditions and quarterly variations in our results of operations, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
 
The high and low bid prices for AR-CombiMatrix stock as reported by Nasdaq for the periods indicated are as follows. Such prices are inter-dealer prices without retail markups, markdowns or commissions and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
 
   
2004
 
2005
 
2006
 
   
First Quarter
 
Second Quarter
 
Third Quarter
 
Fourth Quarter
 
First Quarter
 
Second Quarter
 
Third Quarter
 
Fourth Quarter
 
First Quarter
 
Second Quarter
 
Third Quarter
 
High
 
$
9.30
 
$
6.99
 
$
4.85
 
$
4.39
 
$
4.08
 
$
3.05
 
$
2.60
 
$
2.59
 
$
2.90
 
$
2.75
 
$
1.68
 
Low
 
$
3.16
 
$
3.10
 
$
2.52
 
$
2.71
 
$
2.14
 
$
2.15
 
$
1.55
 
$
1.29
 
$
1.34
 
$
1.45
 
$
0.96
 

On December 15, 2006, there were approximately * owners of record of AR-CombiMatrix stock. The majority of the outstanding shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock are held by a nominee holder on behalf of an indeterminable number of ultimate beneficial owners.
 
DIVIDEND POLICY
 
To date, we have not declared or paid any cash dividends with respect to our capital stock, and the current policy of the board of directors is to retain earnings, if any, to provide for the growth of CombiMatrix Corporation. Consequently, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Further, there can be no assurance that our proposed operations will generate revenues and cash flow needed to declare a cash dividend or that we will have legally available funds to pay dividends.

50


DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
 
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers and directors as of December 15, 2006:
 
Name
Age
Position
Date first elected or appointed
       
Amit Kumar, Ph.D
41
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Director
September, 2001
       
Brooke Anderson, Ph.D
43
Chief Operating Officer, Director
February, 2004
       
Scott Burell, CPA
41
Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer
November, 2006
       
Andrew McShea, Ph.D
35
Vice President, Biology and Chemistry
February, 2005
       
Michael Tognotti
33
Vice President, Sales and Marketing
April 4, 2005
       
Thomas Akin (1)
54
Director
November, 2006
       
Rigdon Currie (2)
76
Director
November, 2006
       
John Abeles, MD (3)
61
Director
November, 2006

(1)   Member of our Audit Committee (financial expert), Compensation Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee.
(2)   Member of our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee.
(3)   Member of our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee.

Our directors are elected at each annual general meeting and hold office until the next annual general meeting or until their successors are appointed.
 
BUSINESS EXPERIENCE
 
The following is a brief account of the education and business experience during at least the past five years of each director and executive officer, indicating the principal occupation during that period, and the name and principal business of the organization in which such occupation and employment were carried out.
 
Amit Kumar, Ph.D.
Chief Executive Officer, President & Director
 
Dr. Kumar has been President and CEO since September 2001, and has been a Director since September 2000. Previously, Dr. Kumar was Vice President of Life Sciences of Acacia Research Corp. (NASDAQ: ACRI). From January 1999 to February 2000, Dr. Kumar was the founding President and Chief Executive Officer of Signature BioSciences, Inc., a life science company developing technology for advanced research in genomics, proteomics and drug discovery. From January 1998 to December 1999, Dr. Kumar was an Entrepreneur in Residence with Oak Investment Partners, a venture capital firm. From October 1996 to January 1998, Dr. Kumar was a Senior Manager at IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., a biotechnology company. From October 1993 to September 1996, Dr. Kumar was Head of Research & Development for Idetek Corporation, which was later acquired by Idexx Laboratories, Inc. Dr. Kumar received his bachelor’s degree in chemistry from Occidental College. After joint studies at Stanford University and the California Institute of Technology, he received his Ph.D. from Caltech in 1991. He also completed a post-doctoral fellowship at Harvard University in 1993. Dr. Kumar also serves as a director of Aeolus Pharmaceuticals.

51

 
Brooke Anderson, Ph.D.
Chief Operating Officer & Director
 
Dr. Anderson has been Chief Operating Officer since February 2004. >From April 2003 through March 2004, Dr. Anderson served as our Vice President, Software Development and Engineering. From April 2000 through April 2003, Dr. Anderson served as our Vice President, Software Development. Dr. Anderson also served as the company’s first President from October 1995 to January 1997. Prior to joining CombiMatrix, Dr. Anderson co-founded Acacia Research Corporation, and from January 1993 to August 1997, served as Acacia’s Vice President, Research and Development. Dr. Anderson received a B.S.E. in nuclear engineering from the University of Michigan in 1985, an M.S. in applied physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1987, and a Ph.D. in computation and neural systems from the California Institute of Technology in 1993.
 
Scott Burell, CPA (Inactive)
Chief Financial Officer
 
Mr. Burell was promoted to Chief Financial Officer in November 2006. Previously, he served as Vice President of Finance from November 2001 through November 2006, and as the company’s Controller from February 2000 through November 2001. From May 1999 to February 2001, Mr. Burell served as the Controller for Network Commerce, Inc., a publicly traded technology and infrastructure company located in Seattle. Prior to May 1999, Mr. Burell spent 9 years with Arthur Andersen’s Audit and Business Advisory practice in Seattle. Mr. Burell is a certified public accountant in the state of Washington (currently inactive) and holds Bachelor of Sciences degrees in Accounting and Business Finance from Central Washington University. Mr. Burell is a member of the American Institute and Washington Society of Certified Public Accountants.
 
Andrew McShea, Ph.D.
Vice President, Biology and Chemistry
 
Dr. McShea has been with CombiMatrix since 2000, serving as a Senior Scientist and Business Development Manager prior to his current position as Vice President of Biology and Chemistry beginning in 2004. Dr. McShea has over 10 years of experience in the Life Sciences industry, ranging from drug discovery at Novartis and Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals to basic research at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington. Dr. McShea received his Ph.D. in 1996 studying transplantation immunology at Harvard Medical School and the University of Vienna, Austria. He also holds a B.Sc. in Cell Biology from the University of Wales, UK.
 
Michael Tognotti
Vice President, Sales and Marketing
 
Mr. Tognotti has been at CombiMatrix since May 2004. Mr. Tognotti has over 10 years of Life Sciences industry experience. Prior to joining CombiMatrix, Mr. Tognotti was Western Regional Sales Manager for Illumina, a genomic tools developer for the large-scale analysis of genetic variation and function, from March 2001 to May 2004. From 1995 to 2001, Mr. Tognotti served in several senior sales and marketing positions at Fisher Scientific and Operon Technologies. Mr. Tognotti received his Bachelor of Science in Molecular and Cellular Biology from the University of Arizona.
 
Thomas Akin
Director
 
Mr. Akin has served as a Director of Acacia Research Corp. since May 1998 and was also a member of our Board prior to the merger with Acacia in December 2002. Mr. Akin has been the Managing General Partner of four private investment funds (Talkot Partners I, Talkot Partners II, LLC, Talkot Crossover Fund, L.P., and Talkot Capital) since 1996. Mr. Akin previously served in a variety of capacities for Merrill Lynch and Co., including Managing Director of Western Regional Sales from 1986 - 1994. Mr. Akin holds a B.A. from the University of California at Santa Cruz and attended the University of California at Los Angeles Graduate School of Business. Mr. Akin also serves as a director of Dynex Capital, Inc.
 
Rigdon Currie
Director
 
Mr. Currie has served as a Director of Acacia Research Corporation since January 2003 and was also a member of our Board from March 1997 until the merger with Acacia in December 2002. Since July 1999, Mr. Currie has been an independent venture capital consultant. From February 1993 to July 1998, Mr. Currie was a partner of MK Global Ventures, a venture capital limited partnership. Mr. Currie received a B.S.I.E. from the Georgia Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.

52


John H. Abeles, MD
Director
 
Dr. Abeles is the founder of MedVest, Inc., which has provided consulting services to health care and high technology companies since 1980 and where he has served as President since 1982. Since 1998, he has served as Chairman of UniMedica Inc., a web-enabled Medical School education consulting and publishing firm. Since 1992, Dr. Abeles has been the general partner of Northlea Partners, Ltd., an investment and venture capital firm. Since 1998, he has also served as Assistant Professor, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the International University of Health Sciences. Dr. Abeles has been a member of the Boards of Directors of the following companies since the date noted: CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. (1996), DUSA Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1995), I-Flow Corporation (1987), and Oryx Technology (1989). Since 1997, Dr. Abeles has served as a Director of Higuchi Bio-Science Institute, University of Kansas, and since 2001 has served as Director of College of Chemistry Advisory Board, University of California Dr. Abeles joined our Board of Directors in December 2006, and has served on our CombiMatrix Scientific Advisory Board since June 2006.
 
FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
 
There are no family relationships between any of our company’s directors or executive officers .
 
INVOLVEMENT IN CERTAIN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
None of our directors, executive officers, promoters or control persons have been involved in any of the following events during the past five years:
 
1 .   any bankruptcy petition filed by or against any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;
 
2.   any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to   a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offences);
 
3.   being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities; or
 
4.   being found by a court of competent jurisdiction (in a civil action), the   Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated.
 
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
 
Directors who are also employees of our company receive no additional compensation from our company for their service as members of the Board. Non-employee directors receive a nondiscretionary grant of options to purchase 30,000 shares of the company’s common stock upon initially joining the Board and will receive annual non-discretionary option grants to purchase 30,000 shares of CombiMatrix stock while serving as members of the Board. All such grants will be priced at an exercise price equal to the closing market price on the date of grant and will vest in four equal quarterly installments over a 12-month period from the grant date.
 
Non-employee directors receive compensation in the amount of $1,500 per month for their services as members of the Board. In addition, non-employee directors receive $1,000 for each meeting of the Board or of any committee of the Board attended in person, $1,000 for each meeting attended by telephone if the meeting is longer than one hour in length, and $500 for each meeting attended by telephone if the meeting is one hour or less in length, except that no compensation shall be received for each Compensation or Nominating and Governance Committee meeting attended that immediately precedes or follows a meeting of the Board. Directors are also reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings or committees of the Board and in connection with the performance of Board duties.

53


BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
Our board of directors consists of five directors. In accordance with applicable SEC and the American Stock Exchange rules, the majority of our board of directors is independent. The independent directors are Thomas Akin, Rigdon Currie and John Abeles, MD.
 
COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
Pursuant to authority granted in our bylaws, our board of directors has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Governance Committee. The membership and function of each committee of our board of directors is described below.
 
Audit Committee . The members of our Audit Committee are be Messrs. Akin, Currie and Abeles. Our Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing our internal accounting and auditing controls and procedures, reviewing our audit and examination results and procedures and consulting with our management and our independent registered public accounting firm prior to the presentation of our financial statements to stockholders. Among other functions, our Audit Committee is responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of our independent registered public accounting firm, and review the independence of our independent registered public accounting firm as a factor in making these determinations.
 
All members of our Audit Committee will meet the requirements for financial literacy under the applicable rules of Amex. Our board has determined that Mr. Akin is an audit committee financial expert as defined under the applicable rules of the SEC and has the requisite financial sophistication as defined under the applicable rules of Amex. We believe that all of the members of the Audit Committee meet the independence requirements under applicable SEC and Amex rules. The Audit Committee will operate pursuant to a written charter that satisfies applicable SEC and Amex rules.
 
Compensation Committee . The members of our Compensation Committee are Messrs. Currie, Akin and Abeles. Our Compensation Committee is responsible for establishing goals and objectives for our chief executive officer and other executive officers and reviewing and making recommendations to our board of directors concerning salaries and incentive compensation for our directors, officers and employees.
 
Nominating and Governance Committee . The members of our Nominating and Governance Committee are Messrs. Currie, Akin and Abeles. Our Nominating and Governance Committee is responsible for monitoring the size and composition of the Board, considering and making recommendations to the Board with respect to the nominations or elections of directors of the Corporation, developing and recommending to the Board a set of corporate governance principles and overseeing and administering our Code of Ethics.
 
54

 
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
 
EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION
 
The following table sets forth information concerning all cash and non-cash compensation earned for services rendered in all capacities to our company during the last three fiscal years for (a) the company’s Chief Executive Officer and (b) the four most highly compensated executive officers, other than the Chief Executive Officer, whose annual cash compensation exceeded $100,000 in the last fiscal year. The listed individuals are referred to as our "Named Executive Officers."
 
Summary Compensation Table

            Annual Compensation  
Name and Principal Position
 
 
Year
 
 
Salary ($)
 
 
Bonus
($)
 
 
Other Annual Compensation
($)
 
 
Amit Kumar, Ph.D. CEO & President
 
   
2003
   
310,698
   
57,500
   
-
 
     
2004
   
382,993
   
24,000
   
-
 
     
2005
   
398,755
   
-
   
-
 
Jeffrey Oster, Sr. VP Intellectual Property
and Associate General Counsel (1)
   
2003
   
188,729
   
-
   
-
 
 
   
2004
   
194,555
   
-
   
-
 
     
2005
   
197,951
   
-
   
-
 
Brooke Anderson, Ph.D, COO
 
   
2003
   
147,566
   
-
   
-
 
     
2004
   
165,558
   
-
   
-
 
     
2005
   
175,362
   
-
   
-
 
Scott Burell, CPA, CFO
 
   
2003
   
132,266
   
-
   
-
 
     
2004
   
148,656
   
-
   
-
 
     
2005
   
154,702
   
-
   
-
 
Andrew McShea, Ph.D VP Biology & Chemistry
 
   
2003
   
103,363
   
3,370
   
-
 
     
2004
   
118,435
   
-
   
-
 
     
2005
   
146,974
   
-
   
-
 
 
___________________
 
(1) As of October 4, 2006, Mr. Oster is no longer employed by CombiMatrix Corporation or any of its subsidiaries.

55


 
STOCK OPTION GRANTS AND EXERCISES
 
The following table sets forth information regarding stock options granted to the Named Executive Officers during 2005. No stock appreciation rights were granted to any of the Named Executive Officers during 2005.
 
 
OPTION GRANTS IN LAST FISCAL YEAR

 
Number of
Securities
Percent of Total Options Granted  
  Exercise or
 
Potential Realizable Value at
Assumed Annual Rate
of Stock Price Appreciation
for Option Term(1)  
Name
  Underlying Options
Granted (#)
  to Employees in
Fiscal Year
Base Price
($/Sh)  
  Expiration
Date
5%($)  
 
10%($)
Amit Kumar, Ph.D
 
90,000(2)
8.92
2.98
5/26/15
168,670
427,442
Brooke Anderson, Ph.D
 
100,000(2)
9.91
2.98
5/26/15
187,411
474,935
Andrew McShea, Ph.D
20,000(3)
1.98
3.00
3/2/15
37,734
95,625
 
61,500(2)
6.09
2.98
5/26/15
115,258
292,085
 
Scott R. Burell, CPA
 
41,000(2)
4.06
2.98
5/26/15
76,838
194,723
Jeffrey B. Oster, Ph.D
 
15,000(2)
1.49
2.98
5/26/15
28,112
71,240
________________________
 
(1)
 
The 5% and 10% assumed rates of appreciation are prescribed by the rules and regulations of the Commission and do not represent our estimate or projection of the future trading prices of its common stock. Unless the market price of the common stock appreciates over the option term, no value will be realized from these option grants. Actual gains, if any, on stock option exercises are dependent on numerous factors, including, without limitation, the future performance of our companies, overall business and market conditions, and the optionee’s continued employment with our companies throughout the vesting period and option term, which factors are not reflected in this table.
 
(2)
 
The option was granted with respect to shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock at an exercise price equal to the closing price of AR-CombiMatrix stock on the date of grant and has a term of ten years. One-sixth (1/6) of the option shares vested upon completion of six (6) months of service measured from May 26, 2005 with the balance of the option shares vesting in thirty (30) successive equal monthly installments upon the completion of service over the thirty (30) month period measured from May 26, 2005. As of October 4, 2006, Mr. Oster is no longer employed by CombiMatrix Corporation or any of its subsidiaries.
 
(3)
 
The option was granted with respect to shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock at an exercise price equal to the closing price of AR-CombiMatrix stock on the date of grant and has a term of ten years. One-sixth (1/6) of the option shares vested upon completion of six (6) months of service measured from February 14, 2005 with the balance of the option shares vesting in thirty (30) successive equal monthly installments upon the completion of service over the thirty (30) month period measured from February 14, 2005.
 
 
AGGREGATED OPTION EXERCISES AND FISCAL YEAR END VALUES
 
The following table provides information, with respect to the Named Executive Officers, concerning the exercise of options to purchase AR-CombiMatrix stock during 2005 and unexercised options held by them at the end of that fiscal year. None of the Named Executive Officers exercised any stock appreciation rights during 2005 and no stock appreciation rights were held by the Named Executive Officers at the end of such year.

56

 
AGGREGATED OPTION EXERCISES IN LAST FISCAL YEAR
AND FISCAL YEAR-END OPTION VALUES
 
 
Shares
Acquired on
 
Value
 
Number of Securities Underlying
Unexercised Options at 2005
Year-End(#)
 
Value of Unexercised
in-the-Money Options at
2005 Year-End (1)($)
Name
Exercise(#)
Realized(2)($)
Exercisable
Unexercisable
Exercisable
Unexercisable
Amit Kumar, Ph.D
 
-
 
-
 
976,655
 
235,005
 
$    -
 
$   -
 
Brooke Anderson, Ph.D
 
-
 
-
 
215,748
 
108,891
 
$    -
 
$    -
 
Andrew McShea, Ph.D
 
-
 
-
 
99,705
 
78,795
 
$    -
 
$    -
 
Scott R. Burell, CPA
 
-
 
-
 
125,304
 
44,696
 
$    -
 
$    -
 
Jeffrey B. Oster, Ph.D (3)
 
-
 
-
 
202,359
 
22,641
 
$    -
 
$    -
 
________________________

(1)
 
Represents the difference between the exercise price of the options and the average of the closing prices of the AR-CombiMatrix stock on the Nasdaq National Market on December 31, 2005 of $1.53 per share.
 
(2)
 
Value realized represents the difference between the exercise price of the options and the value of the underlying securities on the date of exercise.
 
(3)
As of October 4, 2006, Mr. Oster is no longer employed by CombiMatrix Corporation or any of its subsidiaries.
 
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS
 
None.
 
2006 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN
 
Prior to the redemption date, our board of directors plans to adopt and submit to our stockholders for approval our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan. The purpose of our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan is to assist us and our subsidiaries in attracting, motivating, retaining and rewarding our high-quality executives and our other employees, officers, directors, consultants and other service providers, by enabling such persons to acquire or increase an equity interest in the company in order to strengthen the mutuality of interests between such service providers and our stockholders, and providing such service providers with long term performance incentives to expend their maximum efforts in the creation of stockholder value.
 
Administration
 
Our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan is to be administered by our board of directors or any committee designated by the board of directors consisting of not less than two directors. However, administration of the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan with respect to persons subject to Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 shall be done by our compensation committee or another committee that qualifies under the requirements of Section 16. Subject to the terms of our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, the plan administrator is authorized to select eligible persons to receive awards under the Plan, determine the type, number and other terms and conditions of, and all other matters relating to, awards, prescribe award agreements (which need not be identical for each plan participant), and the rules and regulations for the administration of the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, construe and interpret the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan and award agreements, and make all other decisions and determinations as the plan administrator may deem necessary or advisable for the administration of our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan. In addition the plan administrator may reduce the exercise price of any outstanding award under the Plan, cancel any outstanding award and the grant in substitution a new award covering the same or a different number of Shares, cash or other valuable consideration (as determined by the plan administrator) or any other action that is treated as a repricing under generally accepted accounting principles.

57


Eligibility
 
The persons eligible to receive awards under our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan are the employees, members of our board of directors, consultants and other independent advisers who provide services to us or any related entity. However, only our employees and employees of our subsidiaries or any parent may receive incentive stock options. An employee on leave of absence may be considered as still in the employ of us or a related entity for purposes of eligibility for participation in our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan.
 
Types of Awards
 
Our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan will provide for the issuance of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, share right awards and performance awards. Performance awards may be based on the achievement of certain business or personal criteria or goals, as determined by the plan administrator.
 
Shares Available for Awards; Annual Per-Person Limitations
 
The total number of shares of common stock that may be subject to the granting of awards under our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan at any time during the term of the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan shall be equal to 8,100,000 shares, plus an annual increase to be added on the first trading day of January each year, commencing in January 2007 and ending upon termination of the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, equal to three percent (3%) of the shares of common stock outstanding on each such date (rounded down to the nearest whole share). Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to incentive stock options, no more than 30,000,000 shares may be issued under the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan. Shares will become available for issuance under new awards to the extent awards previously granted under our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (i) are forfeited, expire or otherwise terminate without issuance of shares, (ii) are settled for cash or otherwise do not result in the issuance of shares, or (iii) are exercised by the tender of shares attestation) or (iv) are withheld upon exercise of an award to pay the exercise price or any tax withholding requirements.
 
Our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan imposes individual limitations on certain awards. Under these limitations, at such time as awards granted under the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan may qualify as "performance-based" compensation pursuant to Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, then during any fiscal year, no participant may be granted stock options or stock appreciation rights with respect to more than 2,000,000 shares and no participant may be granted stock or share right awards with respect to more than 2,000,000 shares, subject to adjustment upon certain changes in our capitalization. The maximum dollar value that may be paid out to any participant for any performance award with respect in any calendar year is $5,000,000.
 
In the event that any stock dividend, recapitalization, forward or reverse split, reorganization, merger, combination, share exchange or other similar corporate transaction or event affects the shares of our common stock, appropriate adjustment will be made by the plan administrator to (i) the maximum number, type and/or class of securities that may be issued under the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan and the maximum number of shares that may be issued pursuant to incentive stock options, (ii) the number type and/or class of shares by which award limitations are measured, as described in the preceding paragraph, (iii) the number type and/or class of shares subject to or deliverable in respect of outstanding awards, (iv) the number type and/or class of shares subject to or deliverable in respect of the automatic option grant program for non-employee directors, (v) the exercise price, grant price or purchase price relating to any award or the provision for payment of cash or other property in respect of any outstanding award, and (v) any other aspect of any award that the plan administrator determines to be appropriate.
 
Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights
 
The plan administrator is authorized to grant stock options, including both incentive stock options, which can result in potentially favorable tax treatment to the recipient, and non-qualified stock options, and stock appreciation rights entitling the recipient to receive the amount by which the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of exercise exceeds the grant price of the stock appreciation right. The exercise price per share subject to an option and the grant price of a stock appreciation rights are determined by the plan administrator, but in the case of a stock option must not be less than the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant. For purposes of our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, the term "fair market value" means the fair market value of our common stock, awards or other property as determined by the plan administrator or under procedures established by the plan administrator. Unless otherwise determined by the plan administrator, the fair market value of a share of our common stock as of any given date shall be the closing sales price per share of common stock as reported on the principal stock exchange or market on which the common stock is traded on the date as of which such value is being determined or, if there is no sale on that date, then on the last previous day on which a sale was reported. The maximum term of each option or stock appreciation right, the times at which each option or stock appreciation right will be exercisable, and provisions requiring forfeiture of unexercised options or stock appreciation rights at or following termination of service generally are fixed by the plan administrator, except that no stock option may have a term exceeding ten years. Methods of exercise and settlement and other terms of the stock options and stock appreciation rights are determined by the plan administrator. The plan administrator determines the methods in which the exercise price of options awarded under the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan may be paid, which may include cash, shares, other awards or other property (including, to the extent permitted by law, loans to participants) or a cashless exercise procedure.

58


Restricted Stock and Stock Units
 
The plan administrator is authorized to grant shares of stock, including restricted stock, and share right awards. Restricted stock is a grant of shares of common stock which may not be sold or disposed of, and which may be forfeited in the event of certain terminations of employment, prior to the end of a restricted period specified by the plan administrator. A participant granted restricted stock generally has all of the rights of a stockholder, unless otherwise determined by the plan administrator. A share right award confers upon a participant the right to receive shares of common stock at the end of a specified period, subject to possible forfeiture of the award in the event of certain terminations of employment prior to the end of such specified period. Prior to settlement, a share right award carries no voting or dividend rights or other rights associated with share ownership.
 
Performance Awards
 
The plan administrator is authorized to grant performance awards to participants on terms and conditions established by the plan administrator. The performance criteria to be achieved during any performance period and the length of the performance period is determined by the plan administrator upon the grant of the performance award. Performance awards may be valued by reference to a designated number of shares of common stock or by reference to a designated amount of property including cash. Performance awards may be settled by delivery of cash, shares or other property, or any combination thereof, as determined by the plan administrator. Performance awards granted to persons whom the plan administrator expects will, for the year in which a deduction arises, be "covered employees" (as described below) will, if and to the extent intended by the plan administrator, be subject to provisions that should qualify such awards as "performance based compensation" not subject to the limitation on tax deductibility under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. For purposes of Section 162(m), the term "covered employee" means our chief executive officer and each other person whose compensation is required to be disclosed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission by reason of that person being among our four highest compensated officers as of the end of a taxable year. If and to the extent required under Section 162(m) of the Code, any power or authority relating to a performance award intended to qualify under Section 162(m) is to be exercised by the plan administrator and not the board of directors.
 
If and to the extent that the plan administrator determines that these provisions of our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan are to be applicable to any award, one or more of the following business criteria, on a consolidated basis, and/or for our subsidiaries, or for our business or geographical units and/or a related entity (except with respect to the total stockholder return and earnings per share criteria), shall be used by the plan administrator in establishing performance goals for awards under our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan: (1) earnings per share; (2) revenues or margins; (3) cash flow; (4) operating margin; (5) return on net assets, investment, capital, or equity; (6) direct contribution; (7) net income; pretax earnings; (8) earnings before interest and taxes; earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization; earnings after interest expense and before extraordinary or special items; operating income; income before interest income or expense, unusual items and income taxes, local, state or federal and excluding budgeted and actual bonuses which might be paid under any ongoing bonus plans of the company; (9) working capital; (10) management of fixed costs or variable costs; (11) identification or consummation of investment opportunities or completion of specified projects in accordance with corporate business plans, including strategic mergers, acquisitions or divestitures; (12) total shareholder return; and (13) debt reduction. Any of the above goals may be determined on a relative or absolute basis or as compared to the performance of a published or special index deemed applicable by the plan administrator. The plan administrator may, in its discretion, determine that the amount payable as a performance award will be reduced from the amount of any potential award.
 
Transferability
 
Awards granted under our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan generally may not be pledged or otherwise encumbered and are not transferable except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, or to a designated beneficiary upon the participant’s death, except to the extent expressly permitted by the plan administrator in the award agreement.
 
Acceleration of Vesting; Change in Control
 
The plan administrator may, in its discretion, accelerate the exercisability, the lapsing of restrictions or the expiration of deferral or vesting periods of any award, including if we undergo a "change in control", as defined in our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan.

59


Amendment and Termination
 
The board of directors may amend, alter, suspend, discontinue or terminate our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan without further stockholder approval, except stockholder approval must be obtained for any amendment or alteration that increases the shares reserved for issuance under the plan or increases the classes of participants eligible under the plan or if such approval is required by applicable law or regulation. Our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan will terminate on the earliest of (i) the tenth anniversary of the effective date of the Plan, (ii) the tenth anniversary of the date of stockholder approval of the Plan; (iii) the date that all shares under the Plan have been issued and are fully vested and (iv) the termination of all outstanding awards in connection with a change in control. Awards outstanding upon expiration of our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan shall remain in effect until they have been exercised or terminated, or have expired.
 
401(k) Plan
 
We maintain a retirement and deferred savings plan for our employees. The retirement and deferred savings plan is intended to qualify as a tax-qualified plan under Section 401 of the Code. The retirement and deferred savings plan provides that each participant may contribute up to 60% of his or her pre-tax compensation, up to a statutory limit, which is $15,000 in calendar year 2005 except for employees over 50 years of age, for whom the limit is $20,000. Under the plan, each employee is fully vested in his or her deferred salary contributions. Employee contributions are held and invested by the plan’s trustee.
 
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
 
The Compensation Committee of the company’s Board of Directors currently consists of Thomas Akin, Rigdon Currie and John Abeles, M.D. None of these individuals was an officer or employee of the company at any time during 2005 or at any other time. No current executive officer of the company has ever served as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any other entity that has or has had one or more executive officers serving as a member of the company’s Board of Directors or Compensation Committee.
 
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
 
In connection with the split off, all outstanding stock options for the purchase of AR-CombiMatrix stock under the employee benefit plans of Acacia will accelerate and terminate. As of December 15, 2006, options for - 2,061,919 shares that are not currently vested will fully vest upon the split off, because the split off will be deemed to constitute a change in control for purposes of the various option plans to which the options were originally granted. As of September 30, 2006, there are approximately 8.6 million shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock subject to outstanding stock options at exercise prices ranging from $1.33 to $24.00, with a weighted average exercise price of $5.70. No further options will be granted under any of the AR-CombiMatrix equity compensation plans.
 
AR-CombiMatrix stock options to purchase 3,458 shares of AR-CombiMatrix common stock issued to a former employee and a former consultant will be assumed under our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan. The assumed options were granted under the CombiMatrix Corporation 2000 Stock Awards Plan (which was later incorporated into the 2002 CombiMatrix Stock Incentive Plan), however, in general, the material terms of the options are the same. The exercise prices of these options range from $12.00 to $18.00, with a weighted average exercise price of $14.53. The options generally have a maximum term of ten years and are currently vested. The exercise price of these options represents the fair market value of the underlying stock when granted.
 
Historical
 
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2005, with respect to our common shares issuable under the equity compensation plans of Acacia Research Corporation related to AR-CombiMatrix stock. Please review this information in light of the effect of the redemption upon such plans, as described below.

60

 
Plan Category
 
(a) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options
 
(b) Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options
 
(c) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
 
                   
2002 CombiMatrix Stock Incentive Plan(1)
 
   
6,925,000
 
$
6.82
   
2,166,000
 
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(2)
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Total
   
6,925,000
 
$
6.82
   
2,166,000
 
________________________

(1)
 
Our 2002 CombiMatrix Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, or the CombiMatrix Plan, allows for the granting of stock options and other awards to eligible individuals, which generally includes directors, officers, employees and consultants. The CombiMatrix Plan does not segregate the number of securities remaining available for future issuance among stock options and other awards. The shares authorized for future issuance represents the total number of shares available through any combination of stock options or other awards. The share reserve under the CombiMatrix Plan automatically increases on the first trading day in January each calendar year by an amount equal to three percent (3%) of the total number of shares of our AR-CombiMatrix stock outstanding on the last trading day of December in the prior calendar year, but in no event will this annual increase exceed 600,000 shares and in no event will the total number of shares of common stock in the share reserve (as adjusted for all such annual increases) exceed twenty million shares. See Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our existing stock option award plans.
 
(2)
 
We have not authorized the issuance of equity securities under any plan not approved by security holders.
 
 
Pro Forma
 
Upon redemption, 3,458 options granted under the 2000 Stock Awards Plan will be converted to an option under the CombiMatrix Corporation 2006 Stock Incentive Plan to acquire one share of our common stock for each share of AR-CombiMatrix stock available under the 2000 Stock Awards Plan. The following table provides pro forma information about our common shares that would have been issuable under the CombiMatrix Corporation 2006 Stock Incentive Plan if the redemption had occurred on December 31, 2005.
 
Plan Category
 
(a) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options
 
(b) Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options
 
(c) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
 
 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
 
                   
CombiMatrix Corporation 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
 
   
3,458
 
$
14.53
   
8,103,458
 
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
 
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Total
   
3,458
 
$
14.53
   
8,103,458
 
 
61


CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
 
On or about December 14, 2006, Amit Kumar, our Chief Executive Officer, President and Director, purchased from Acacia Research Corporation in a direct public offering, 250,000 units, each unit consisting of one share of AR-CombiMatrix stock and a warrant to purchase one and two-tenths shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock. The units were sold at a purchase price of $1.02 per unit, based upon a market price of $0.87 per share of AR-CombiMatrix stock, for a total purchase price of $255,000. Each warrant is exercisable at a price of $0.87 per share until December 13, 2011. Following the split-off, Dr. Kumar, together with the other holders of the warrants, will have the right to exercise the warrants for shares of common stock of CombiMatrix Corporation under the same terms and conditions. In addition, following the split off, he will have the right to require the company to register for resale the shares of our common stock issuable in exchange for the warrants and to keep such registration statement effective until such shares are sold by Dr. Kumar. The shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock that may be acquired by Dr. Kumar upon exercise of the warrants are included in the beneficial ownership table below.
 
Pursuant to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, our officers and directors are not permitted to enter into any binding agreements with our company without the prior consent of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors as a whole is responsible for applying this process. Any request to enter into a binding agreement with an officer or director is evaluated and approved by the entire Board of Directors. A copy of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available at our website at www.combimatrix.com.

 
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
 
Before the separation, all of the outstanding shares of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock are and will be held beneficially and of record by Acacia Research Corporation. The following table sets forth information concerning expected beneficial ownership of the CombiMatrix Corporation common stock after giving effect to the separation by:
 
 
·
each person or entity known to us who will beneficially own more than 5% of the outstanding shares of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock;
 
 
·
each person who we currently know will be one of its directors or named executive officers at the time of the separation; and
 
 
·
as a group, all persons who we currently know will be the directors and executive officers of CombiMatrix Corporation at the time of the separation.
 
The following information:
 
 
·
gives effect to the separation for the percentage ownership information as if it had occurred on December 15, 2006; in the case of percentage ownership information, assumes that immediately after the separation there are 52,365,810 shares of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock outstanding, which is the number that would have been outstanding if the separation had occurred on December 15, 2006;
 
 
·
reflects a redemption ratio of one share of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock for each share of AR-CombiMatrix stock held by persons listed in the table below;
 
 
·
gives effect to the conversion, at an assumed conversion ratio of one to one, of each option to purchase shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock issued under employee stock incentive plans and outstanding on the date of the separation into an option on substantially the same terms to purchase shares of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock.
 
The actual number of shares of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock outstanding as of the date of the separation may differ to the extent that outstanding stock options are exercised between December 15, 2006, and the date of the redemption and to the extent the assumed distributions and conversion ratios differ from the actual ratios.

62


 
Beneficial Owner
 
Amount and Nature of
Beneficial Ownership
 
Percent of
Class(1)
 
 
Directors and Executive Officers(2)
 
             
Amit Kumar, Ph.D. (3)
 
   
1,786,378
   
3.32%
 
Brooke Anderson, Ph.D. (4)
 
   
521,306
   
*
 
Scott Burell, CPA (5)
 
   
175,683
   
*
 
Andrew McShea, Ph.D. (6)
 
   
173,937
   
*
 
Thomas Akin (7)
 
   
248,222
   
*
 
Rigdon Currie (8)
 
   
142,500
   
*
 
John Abeles, MD (9)
 
   
2,499
   
*
 
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group (eight persons) (10)
 
   
3,050,525
   
5.60%
 
_____________________
*Less than 1%
 
(1)
The percentage of shares beneficially owned is based on 52,365,810 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock outstanding as of December 1, 2006. Beneficial ownership is determined under rules and regulations of the Commission. Shares of common stock subject to options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days after December 15, 2006, are deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding such options for the purpose of computing the number of shares beneficially owned and the percentage ownership of such person, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Except as indicated in the footnotes to this table, and subject to applicable community property laws, we believe that such persons have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our common stock shown as beneficially owned by them.
 
(2)
The address for each of the directors and executive officers is CombiMatrix Corporation’s principal offices, CombiMatrix Corp., 6500 Harbour Heights Pkwy, Suite 301, Mukilteo, WA 98275.
 
(3)
Includes 1,207,764 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock issuable upon exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days of December 15, 2006, and 300,000 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock issuable upon exercise of warrants that are currently exercisable.
 
(4)
Includes 315,911 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock issuable upon exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days of December 15, 2006, and 28,800 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock issuable upon exercise of warrants that are currently exercisable.
 
(5)
Includes 175,663 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock issuable upon exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days of December 15, 2006.
 
(6)
Includes 173,937 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock issuable upon exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days of December 15, 2006.
 
(7)
Includes 129,736 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock held by Talkot Crossover Fund, L.E. and 118,486 shares of AR - CombiMatrix stock issuable upon exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days of February 23, 2006. Mr. Akin serves as managing general partner of Talkot Crossover Fund, L.E.
 
(8)
Includes 142,500 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock issuable upon exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days of December 15, 2006.
 
(9)
Includes 2,499 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock issuable upon exercise of options that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days of December 15, 2006.
 
(10)
Includes 2,805,610 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock issuable upon exercise of options and warrants that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days of December 15, 2006.
 
63


EXPERTS
 
The financial statements as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report (which contains an emphasis of a matter paragraph due to management’s anticipation that the Company will require additional financing to continue as a going concern as described in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements) of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

64



INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
Page
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
 
F-2
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 and September 30, 2006 (unaudited)
 
F-3
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006 (unaudited)
 
F-4
 
Consolidated Statements of Allocated Net Worth for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 (unaudited)
 
F-5
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006 (unaudited)
 
F-6
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
F-7
 

F-1


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of CombiMatrix Corporation:
 
"In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations, statements of allocated net worth and statements of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of CombiMatrix Corporation and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion."
 
As discussed in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements, management anticipates that the Company will require additional financing in the foreseeable future to continue as a going concern.
 

 
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
 
Seattle, Washington
March 16, 2006, except for Note 16, which is as of December 22, 2006.

F-2


COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
( In thousands, except share amounts)
 

               
Pro Forma
 
   
December 31,
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
 
   
2004
 
2005
 
2006
 
2006
 
           
(unaudited)  
 
ASSETS
                 
                   
Current assets:
                 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
2,985
 
$
5,718
 
$
2,728
       
Available-for-sale investments
   
20,727
   
14,547
   
6,027
       
Accounts receivable
   
343
   
911
   
1,287
       
Inventory
   
172
   
570
   
474
       
Prepaid expenses and other assets
   
57
   
139
   
148
       
 
                         
Total current assets
   
24,284
   
21,885
   
10,664
       
                           
Property and equipment, net
   
2,330
   
2,363
   
2,070
       
Patents, net
   
9,021
   
7,926
   
7,104
       
Goodwill
   
19,424
   
18,859
   
16,918
       
Other assets
   
329
   
1,560
   
2,668
       
                           
   
$
55,388
 
$
52,593
 
$
39,424
       
                           
LIABILITIES AND ALLOCATED NET WORTH
                         
                           
Current liabilities:
                         
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other
 
$
1,964
 
$
2,483
 
$
2,459
       
Current portion of deferred revenues
   
66
   
165
   
407
       
Payable to Acacia Technologies group
   
119
   
52
   
474
       
                           
Total current liabilities
   
2,149
   
2,700
   
3,340
 
$
3,340
 
                           
Deferred income taxes
   
2,112
   
1,975
   
-
   
-
 
Deferred revenues, net of current portion
   
3,893
   
1,439
   
1,145
   
1,145
 
Other liabilities
   
406
   
1,381
   
719
   
-
 
                           
Total liabilities
   
8,560
   
7,495
   
5,204
   
4,485
 
                           
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
                         
                           
Allocated net worth:
                         
Preferred stock; $0.001 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized;
                         
none issued and outstanding, pro forma
                   
$
-
 
Common stock; $0.001 par value; 180,000,000 shares authorized;
                         
41,405,798 issued and outstanding, pro forma
                     
414
 
Additional paid-in capital
                     
34,525
 
Net allocations from Acacia Research Corporation
   
159,056
   
169,727
   
174,307
   
-
 
Accumulated net losses
   
(112,228
)
 
(124,629
)
 
(140,087
)
 
-
 
                           
Total allocated net worth
   
46,828
   
45,098
   
34,220
   
34,939
 
                           
   
$
55,388
 
$
52,593
 
$
39,424
 
$
39,424
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-3


COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
 
               
For the Nine Months
 
   
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
Ended September 30,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2005
 
2006
 
               
(unaudited)  
 
Revenues:
                     
Collaboration agreements
 
$
-
 
$
17,302
 
$
2,266
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
Government contract
   
-
   
1,993
   
3,849
   
2,985
   
1,563
 
Service contracts
   
49
   
116
   
153
   
108
   
268
 
Products
   
407
   
230
   
1,765
   
1,296
   
3,050
 
                                 
Total revenues
   
456
   
19,641
   
8,033
   
4,389
   
4,881
 
                                 
Operating expenses:
                               
Cost of government contract revenues
   
-
   
1,874
   
3,683
   
2,820
   
1,476
 
Cost of product sales
   
99
   
173
   
820
   
635
   
973
 
Research and development expenses
   
8,564
   
5,385
   
5,783
   
4,082
   
7,380
 
Marketing, general and administrative expenses
   
9,820
   
9,902
   
9,827
   
7,345
   
9,691
 
Patent amortization and royalties
   
1,178
   
1,234
   
1,312
   
951
   
1,075
 
Legal settlement charges (gains)
   
144
   
812
   
(406
)
 
(406
)
 
-
 
Equity in loss of investees
   
-
   
17
   
352
   
202
   
786
 
Goodwill impairment
   
-
   
-
   
565
   
-
   
-
 
                                 
Total operating expenses
   
19,805
   
19,397
   
21,936
   
15,629
   
21,381
 
                                 
Operating income (loss)
   
(19,349
)
 
244
   
(13,903
)
 
(11,240
)
 
(16,500
)
                                 
Other income (expense):
                               
Interest income
   
214
   
330
   
523
   
328
   
429
 
Interest expense
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Loss on sale of interest in subsidiary
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(84
)
Warrant gains (charges)
   
-
   
-
   
812
   
163
   
663
 
 
                               
Total other income
   
214
   
330
   
1,335
   
491
   
1,008
 
                                 
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes
                               
and minority interests
   
(19,135
)
 
574
   
(12,568
)
 
(10,749
)
 
(15,492
)
Benefit for income taxes
   
136
   
136
   
167
   
133
   
34
 
                                 
Income (loss) from operations before minority interests
   
(18,999
)
 
710
   
(12,401
)
 
(10,616
)
 
(15,458
)
Minority interests
   
30
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
                                 
Net income (loss)
 
$
(18,969
)
$
710
 
$
(12,401
)
$
(10,616
)
$
(15,458
)
                                 
Unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(0.24
)
 
 
 
$
(0.30
)
                                 
Unaudited pro forma basic and diluted weighted average
                               
common shares outstanding
   
 
   
 
    
52,365,810
   
 
   
52,365,810
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-4


COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF ALLOCATED NET WORTH
(I n thousands)
 
 
   
Net Allocations
         
   
from Acacia Research
 
Accumulated
 
Total Allocated
 
   
Corporation
 
Net Losses
 
Net Worth
 
               
Balances, December 31, 2002
 
$
129,286
 
$
(93,969
)
$
35,317
 
Net income (loss)
   
-
   
(18,969
)
 
(18,969
)
Net allocations from Acacia Research Corporation
   
9,389
   
-
   
9,389
 
                     
Balances, December 31, 2003
   
138,675
   
(112,938
)
 
25,737
 
Net income (loss)
   
-
   
710
   
710
 
Net allocations from Acacia Research Corporation
   
20,381
   
-
   
20,381
 
                     
Balances, December 31, 2004
   
159,056
   
(112,228
)
 
46,828
 
Net income (loss)
   
-
   
(12,401
)
 
(12,401
)
Net allocations from Acacia Research Corporation
   
10,671
   
-
   
10,671
 
                     
Balances, December 31, 2005
   
169,727
   
(124,629
)
 
45,098
 
Net income (loss) (unaudited)
   
-
   
(15,458
)
 
(15,458
)
Net allocations from Acacia Research Corporation (unaudited)
   
4,580
   
-
   
4,580
 
                     
Balances, September 30, 2006 (unaudited)
 
$
174,307
 
$
(140,087
)
$
34,220
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-5


COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(I n thousands )
 
 
               
For the Nine Months
 
   
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
Ended September 30,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2005
 
2006
 
               
(unaudited)  
 
Operating activities:
                     
Net income (loss) from operations
 
$
(18,969
)
$
710
 
$
(12,401
)
$
(10,616
)
$
(15,458
)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) from operations
                               
to net cash used in operating activities:
                               
Depreciation and amortization
   
2,409
   
2,200
   
2,183
   
1,631
   
1,507
 
Minority interests
   
(30
)
 
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Goodwill impairment
   
-
   
-
   
565
   
-
   
-
 
Non-cash stock compensation
   
1,655
   
754
   
(159
)
 
(146
)
 
1,756
 
Deferred taxes
   
(136
)
 
(136
)
 
(137
)
 
(103
)
 
(34
)
Legal settlement charges (gains)
   
144
   
812
   
(406
)
 
(406
)
 
-
 
Warrant (charges) gains
   
-
         
(812
)
 
(163
)
 
(663
)
Loss from equity investments
   
-
   
17
   
352
   
202
   
786
 
Loss on sale of interest in subsidiary
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
84
 
Other
   
(49
)
 
43
   
(79
)
 
(77
)
 
218
 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
                               
Accounts receivable
   
379
   
(154
)
 
(568
)
 
(511
)
 
(393
)
Inventory, prepaid expenses and other assets
   
169
   
135
   
(179
)
 
(129
)
 
83
 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other
   
(715
)
 
481
   
353
   
342
   
637
 
Deferred revenues
   
11,233
   
(16,446
)
 
(2,355
)
 
22
   
1
 
                                 
Net cash used in operating activities
   
(3,910
)
 
(11,584
)
 
(13,643
)
 
(9,954
)
 
(11,476
)
                                 
Investing activities:
                               
Purchase of property and equipment
   
(83
)
 
(810
)
 
(1,325
)
 
(1,097
)
 
(495
)
Purchase of available-for-sale investments
   
(32,714
)
 
(50,143
)
 
(36,771
)
 
(19,536
)
 
(1,021
)
Sale of available-for-sale investments
   
30,801
   
42,755
   
43,086
   
32,910
   
9,551
 
Purchase of additional interest in equity method investee
   
-
   
(250
)
 
(1,600
)
 
(1,100
)
 
(1,400
)
Sale of interest in subsidiary
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
(369
)
                                 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
   
(1,996
)
 
(8,448
)
 
3,390
   
11,177
   
6,266
 
                                 
Financing activities:
                               
Net cash flows transferred from Acacia Research Corporation
   
6,435
   
19,227
   
12,914
   
12,969
   
2,220
 
                                 
Effect of exchange rate on cash
   
(13
)
 
(17
)
 
72
   
35
   
-
 
                                 
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
   
516
   
(822
)
 
2,733
   
14,227
   
(2,990
)
                                 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning
   
3,291
   
3,807
   
2,985
   
2,985
   
5,718
 
                                 
Cash and cash equivalents, ending
 
$
3,807
 
$
2,985
 
$
5,718
 
$
17,212
 
$
2,728
 
                                 
                                 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow and non-cash activities:
                               
Cash paid for interest and taxes
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-6


COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 
1.    OVERVIEW AND BACKGROUND
 
CombiMatrix Corporation (the "Company", "we", "us" and "our") was originally incorporated in October 1995 as a California corporation and later reincorporated as a Delaware corporation in September 2000. On December 13, 2002 (the "Merger Date"), we merged with and became a wholly owned subsidiary of Acacia Research Corporation ("Acacia"). Also on the Merger Date, Acacia entered into a recapitalization transaction whereby Acacia created two classes of registered common stock called Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock ("AR-CombiMatrix stock") and Acacia Research-Acacia Technologies common stock ("AR-Acacia Technologies stock") and divided its existing Acacia common stock into shares of the two new classes of common stock. The AR-CombiMatrix stock was intended to reflect separately the performance of CombiMatrix Corporation and its subsidiaries, referred to as "the CombiMatrix group", whereas the AR-Acacia Technologies stock was intended to reflect separately the performance of Acacia’s technology business, referred to as "the Acacia Technologies group." Immediately following the Merger Date, the Company had 1,000 shares of common stock authorized and 100 shares issued and outstanding, all of which were owned by Acacia.
 
On January 9, 2006, Acacia announced its intent to split-off the Company from Acacia as an independent public company. As a result, we intend to register with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") our common stock under the Securities Act of 1934 so that upon the effectiveness of the registration statement (the "Redemption Date"), all currently issued and outstanding shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock will be redeemed and exchanged for an equivalent number of shares of our common stock, which will be publicly traded. Immediately prior to the Redemption Date, we will execute a stock split of the 100 shares of CombiMatrix Corporation owned by Acacia so that the new number of registered CombiMatrix Corporation common shares will be equivalent to the number of shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock issued and outstanding as of the Redemption Date. Following the Redemption Date, we will apply to list our registered shares of common stock for trading on the American Stock Exchange (AMEX) or another national stock exchange and we will no longer be an affiliate of Acacia. This transaction is predicated upon successful completion of the required SEC filings.
 
Description of the Company
 
We have and continue to develop proprietary technologies, products and services in the areas of drug development, genetic analysis, molecular diagnostics, nanotechnology research, defense and homeland security applications, as well as other potential markets where our products could be utilized. Among the technologies we have developed is a platform technology to rapidly produce customizable arrays, which are semiconductor-based tools for use in identifying and determining the roles of genes, gene mutations and proteins. This technology has potential applications in the areas of genomics, proteomics, biosensors, drug discovery, drug development, diagnostics, combinatorial chemistry, material sciences and nanotechnology. Other technologies include proprietary molecular synthesis and screening methods for the discovery of potential new drugs. CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. ("CMDX"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company located in Irvine, California, is exploring opportunities for our arrays in the field of molecular diagnostics. CombiMatrix K.K., a former wholly owned Japanese corporation located in Tokyo, Japan, has existed for the purposes of exploring opportunities for our array system with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in the Asian market. In January of 2006, we sold 67% of our ownership interest in CombiMatrix K.K. to a third party (see Note 5).
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The consolidated financial statements included herein include the assets, liabilities, operating results and cash flows of the Company using Acacia’s historical bases in the assets and liabilities and the historical results of operations of the Company. Historical allocated net worth represents the net allocations by Acacia to us for equity transactions of Acacia that have been attributed to the Company as well as the accumulation of our net losses.
 
The consolidated financial statements include allocations of certain Acacia corporate expenses, including governance, legal, accounting, insurance services, management of treasury and other Acacia corporate and infrastructure costs. The expense allocations have been determined on bases that Acacia and the Company considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by us. However, the financial information included herein may not reflect the consolidated financial position, operating results, changes in stockholder’s equity and cash flows of the Company in the future or what they would have been had we been a separate, stand-alone entity during the periods presented. Direct salaries, payroll taxes and fringe benefits incurred by Acacia are allocated to Acacia’s reporting groups based on the percentage of actual time incurred by specific employees to total annual time available and direct costs including, postage, insurance, legal fees, accounting and tax and other are allocated to the groups based on specific identification of costs incurred on behalf of each group. Other direct costs, including direct depreciation expense, computer costs, general office supplies and rent are allocated to the groups based on the ratio of direct salaries to total salaries. Indirect costs, including indirect salaries and benefits, investor relations, rent, general office supplies and indirect depreciation are allocated to the groups based on the ratio of direct salaries for each group to total direct salaries. For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, corporate expenses totaling $894,000, $689,000, $498,000, $373,000 and $378,000, respectively, were allocated to us by Acacia.

F-7


The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and footnotes as of September 30, 2005 and 2006 have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of our financial position as of September 30, 2006, and the results of our operations and our cash flows for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year.
 
Liquidity and Risks
 
We have a history of incurring net losses and net operating cash flow deficits. We are also deploying new and unproven technologies and continue to develop commercial products. We have several ongoing long-term development projects that involve experimental technology and may require several years and substantial expenditures to complete. We believe that our cash and cash equivalent balances, anticipated cash flows from operations and other external sources of available credit will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements through September 30, 2007. In order for the Company to continue as a going concern beyond this point, we will be required to obtain capital from external sources. However, there can be no assurances that additional sources of financing, including the issuance of debt and/or equity securities will be available at times and at terms acceptable to us. The issuance of equity securities will also cause dilution to our shareholders. If external financing sources of financing are not available or are inadequate to fund our operations, we will be required to reduce operating costs including research projects and personnel, which could jeopardize the future strategic initiatives and business plans of the Company. For example, reductions in research and development activities and/or personnel at our Mukilteo, Washington facility could result in the inability to invest the resources necessary to continue to develop next-generation products and improve existing product lines in order to remain competitive in the marketplace, resulting in reduced revenues and cash flows from the sales of our CustomArray products and services. Also, reduction in operating costs at our diagnostics subsidiary in Irvine, California, (CMDX), should they occur, could jeopardize its ability to launch, market and sell additional products and services necessary in order to grow and sustain its operations and eventually achieve profitability.
 
Our business operations are also subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including:
 
 
market acceptance of products and services;
 
 
technological advances that may make our products and services obsolete or less competitive;
 
 
increases in operating costs, including costs for supplies, personnel and equipment;
 
 
the availability and cost of capital;
 
 
general economic conditions; and
 
 
governmental regulation that may restrict our business.
 
Historically, we have been substantially dependent on arrangements with strategic partners and have relied upon payments by our partners for a significant component of our working capital. We intend to enter into additional strategic partnerships to develop and commercialize future products. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to implement our future plans. Failure to achieve our plans would have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our intended business objectives. Our success also depends on our ability to protect our intellectual property, the loss thereof or our failure to secure the issuance of additional patents covering elements of our business processes could materially harm our business and financial condition. The patents covering our core technology begin to expire in 2018.
 
Our products and services are concentrated in a highly competitive market that is characterized by rapid technological advances, frequent changes in customer requirements and evolving regulatory requirements and industry standards. Failure to anticipate or respond adequately to technological advances, changes in customer requirements, changes in regulatory requirements or industry standards, or any significant delays in the development or introduction of planned products or services, could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. No adjustment has been made to these consolidated financial statements as a result of these changes.

F-8


2.    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Accounting Principles and Fiscal Year End . The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. We have a December 31 year-end.
 
Principles of Consolidation . The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and our wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. Investments for which we possesses the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies, either through majority ownership or other means, are accounted for under the consolidation method. Material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Investments in companies in which we maintain an ownership interest of 20% to 50% or exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies are accounted for under the equity method. The cost method is used where we maintain ownership interests of less than 20% and do not exercise significant influence over the investee. The Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46 (revised December 2003), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities,” (“FIN 46R), generally stipulates that an entity is a variable interest entity, or VIE, if it does not have sufficient equity investment at risk, or if the holders of the entity's equity instruments lack the essential characteristics of a controlling financial interest. FIN 46R requires that the holder subject to a majority of the risk of loss from a VIE's activities must consolidate the VIE. However, if no holder has a majority of the risk of loss, then a holder entitled to receive a majority of the entity's residual returns would consolidate the entity.
 
Revenue Recognition . We recognize revenue in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, "Revenue Recognition" ("SAB No. 104") and related authoritative pronouncements. Revenues from multiple-element arrangements are accounted for in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue 00-21, "Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables." Revenue is recognized when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) all obligations have been performed pursuant to the terms of the agreement, (iii) amounts are fixed or determinable and (iv) collectibility of amounts is reasonably assured.
 
Revenues from multiple-element arrangements involving license fees, up-front payments, milestone payments, products and/or services, which are received and/or billable by us in connection with other rights and services that represent continuing obligations of ours, are deferred until all of the elements have been delivered or until we have established objective and verifiable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered elements.
 
Revenues from government grants and contracts are recognized in accordance with Accounting Research Bulletin ("ARB") No. 43, "Government Contracts," and related pronouncements, such as Statement of Position 81-1, “Accounting for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Production-Type Contracts.” Accordingly, revenues are recognized under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, using the cost-to-cost approach to measure completeness at each reporting period. Under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, contract revenues and expenses are recognized in the period that work is performed based on the percentage of actual incurred costs to total contract costs. Actual contract costs include direct charges for labor and materials and indirect charges for labor, overhead and certain general and administrative charges. Contract change orders and claims are included when they can be reliably estimated and are considered probable. For contracts that extend over a one-year period, revisions in contract cost estimates, if they occur, have the effect of adjusting current period earnings applicable to performance in prior periods. Should current contract estimates indicate an overall future loss to be incurred, a provision is made for the total anticipated loss in the current period.
 
Revenue from the sale of products and services, including shipping and handling fees, are recognized when delivery has occurred or services have been rendered.
 
Deferred revenues arise from payments received in advance of the culmination of the earnings process. Deferred revenues expected to be recognized within the next twelve months are classified within current liabilities. Deferred revenues will be recognized as revenue in future periods when the applicable revenue recognition criteria as described above are met.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents . We consider all highly liquid, short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

F-9


Short-term Investments . Our short-term investments are held in a variety of interest bearing instruments including high-grade corporate bonds, money market accounts and other high-credit quality marketable securities. Investments in securities with original maturities of greater than nine months and less than one year and other investments representing amounts that are available for current operations are classified as short-term investments. Investments are classified in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities" ("SFAS No. 115"). Investments are classified as available-for-sale, which are reported at fair value with related unrealized gains and losses in the value of such securities recorded as a component of allocated net worth until realized. The fair value of our investments is determined by quoted market prices. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are recorded based on the specific identification method. For investments classified as available-for-sale, unrealized losses that are other than temporary are recognized in net loss. An impairment is deemed other than temporary unless (a) we have the ability and intent to hold an investment for a period of time sufficient for recovery of its carrying amount and (b) positive evidence indicating that the investment’s carrying amount is recoverable within a reasonable period of time outweighs any evidence to the contrary. All available evidence, both positive and negative, is considered to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, the carrying amount of the investment is recoverable within a reasonable period of time. The cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization is included in interest income (expense). Interest and dividends on all securities are included in interest income.
 
At December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006, we held $8,479,000 and $3,025,000 (unaudited), respectively, of short-term investments consisting of auction rate securities classified as available-for-sale. Our investments in these securities are recorded at cost, which approximates fair market value due to their variable interest rates, which typically reset every 7 to 35 days. Despite the long-term nature of their stated contractual maturities, we have the ability to quickly liquidate these securities and as a result, we had no cumulative gross unrealized holding gains (losses) or gross realized gains (losses) from these investments. All income generated from these investments was recorded as interest income.
 
Concentration of Credit Risks . Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are cash equivalents and short-term investments. We position our cash equivalents and short-term investments primarily in investment grade, short-term debt instruments. Cash equivalents are invested in deposits with certain financial institutions and may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. We have not experienced any significant losses on our deposits of cash and cash equivalents.
 
Collaboration agreement revenues recognized by us for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005 relate to our collaborative research and development agreements with Roche Diagnostics, GmbH ("Roche") and Toppan Printing, Ltd. ("Toppan"), respectively. Government contract revenues recognized by us for all periods presented relate to our ongoing contracts with the Department of Defense regarding our electrochemical and microfluidics technologies. At December 31, 2004 and 2005 and at September 30, 2006, accounts receivable due from the Department of Defense included $248,000, $537,000 and $237,000 (unaudited), respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, 100%, 45%, 18%, 7.7% (unaudited) and 4% (unaudited) of our array product and service revenues, respectively, were recognized by CombiMatrix K.K. Two and five customers represented approximately 84% and 89% (unaudited) of the CombiMatrix group’s accounts receivable at December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006, respectively.
 
Substantially all of the components and raw materials used in the manufacture of our products, including semiconductors and reagents, are currently provided to us from a limited number of sources or in some cases from a single source. Although we believe that alternative sources for those components and raw materials are available, any supply interruption in a sole-sourced component or raw material might result in up to a several-month production delay and materially harm our ability to manufacture products until a new source of supply, if any, could be located and qualified. We utilize non-standard semiconductor manufacturing processes to fabricate an electrode array that is a key aspect of the array structure. Although we have a supply agreement in place with a semiconductor wafer manufacturer to ensure availability of the raw materials, the agreement does not guarantee a permanent supply.
 
Inventory . Inventory, which consists primarily of raw materials to be used in the production of our array products, is stated at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out method.

F-10


Property and Equipment . Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Additions and improvements that increase the value or extend the life of an asset are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Disposals are removed at cost less accumulated depreciation or amortization and any gain or loss from disposition is reflected in the statement of operations in the period of disposition. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives of the assets:
 
Machine shop and laboratory equipment
 
3 to 5 years
Furniture and fixtures
 
5 to 7 years
Computer hardware and software
 
3 years
Leasehold improvements
 
Lesser of lease term or useful life of improvement
     
Construction in progress includes direct costs incurred related to internally constructed assets which are depreciated once the asset is placed into service. Certain leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment held under capital leases are classified as property and equipment and are amortized over their useful lives using the straight-line method. Lease amortization is included in depreciation expense.
 
Organization Costs . Costs of start-up activities, including organization costs, are expensed as incurred.
 
Patents and Goodwill . Goodwill and identifiable intangibles, including patents, are recorded when the consideration paid for acquisitions exceeds the fair value of the net tangible assets acquired. Patents, once issued or purchased, are amortized on the straight-line method over their economic remaining useful lives, ranging from seven to twenty years. Goodwill is not amortized.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill . Long-lived assets and intangible assets are reviewed for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In the event the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value is recorded. If an asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured based on quoted market prices in active markets, if available. If quoted market prices are not available, the estimate of fair value is based on various valuation techniques, including a discounted value of estimated future cash flows.
 
Goodwill is evaluated for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" ("SFAS No. 142") and is subject to a periodic review for potential impairment at a reporting unit level. Reviews for potential impairment must occur at least annually and may be performed earlier, if circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. We have elected to perform annual tests for indications of goodwill impairment as of December 31 of each year. The fair value of our reporting units have been estimated using discounted cash flow analysis and by reference to quoted market prices of AR-CombiMatrix stock. SFAS No. 142 requires us to compare the fair value of our reporting units to their carrying amounts on an annual basis to determine if there is potential goodwill impairment. If the fair value of the reporting units is less than their carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the fair value of the goodwill within the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. In accordance with this policy and as more fully disclosed in Note 6, we recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $565,000 for the year ended December 31, 2005. There can be no assurance that future goodwill impairment tests will not result in additional impairment charges.
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments . The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to their short-term maturity.
 
Foreign Currency Translation . The functional currency of CombiMatrix K.K. is the local currency (Japanese Yen). Foreign currency translation is reported pursuant to SFAS No. 52, "Foreign Currency Translation" ("SFAS No. 52"). Assets and liabilities recorded in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Translation adjustments resulting from this process are charged or credited to allocated net worth. Revenue and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. Foreign currency transactions gains and losses were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006 (unaudited).

F-11


Stock-based Compensation (unaudited) . For all periods presented, CombiMatrix Corporation did not have any stock option plans authorized, nor were any stock options outstanding. However, since employees of CombiMatrix Corporation have been granted options to purchase AR-CombiMatrix common stock, the following disclosures relating to AR-CombiMatrix stock option plans and stock options outstanding have been included herein. Also, as of the Redemption Date, all but 3,458 outstanding options under Acacia’s stock-based compensation plans relating to AR-CombiMatrix stock will immediately vest as the split off of the Company from Acacia constitutes a change in control for purposes of the various option plans to which the options were originally granted. As of September 30, 2006, we had $2,932,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested AR-CombiMatrix common stock option awards outstanding (see Note 12). The actual amount to be recognized will be the amount of unamortized deferred compensation remaining as of the Redemption Date.
 
Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), "Share-Based Payment" ("SFAS No. 123R"), which sets forth the accounting requirements for "share-based" compensation payments to employees and non-employee directors and requires that compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions be recognized in the statement of operations. In March 2005, the SEC published Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 ("SAB 107"), which requires stock-based compensation to be classified in the same expense line items as cash compensation (i.e. marketing, general and administrative and research and development expenses). The compensation cost for all stock-based awards is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity award). In addition, SFAS No. 123R requires stock-based compensation expense to be recorded only for those awards expected to vest using an estimated forfeiture rate. As such, SFAS No. 123R requires us to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures at the time of grant and reflect the impact of estimated pre-vesting option forfeitures on compensation expense recognized. We considered several factors in connection with our estimates of pre-vesting forfeitures including types of awards, employee class and historical pre-vesting forfeiture data. Estimates of pre-vesting forfeiture must be periodically revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. To the extent that actual results differ from our estimates, such amounts will be recorded as cumulative adjustments in the period the estimates are revised. Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, we accounted for forfeitures as they occurred under the pro forma disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS No. 123"). All references to stock-based compensation expense in these notes, upon adoption of SFAS No. 123R and unless otherwise indicated, refer to stock-based compensation net of estimated forfeitures, as required by SFAS No. 123R.
 
We adopted SFAS No. 123R using the modified prospective transition method. Under this transition method, compensation cost recognized for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2006 includes: (i) compensation cost for all stock-based awards granted prior to, but not yet vested as of January 1, 2006 (based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS No. 123 and presented as pro forma footnote disclosures), and (ii) compensation cost for all stock-based awards granted subsequent to January 1, 2006 (based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the new provisions of SFAS No. 123R). The cumulative effect of applying an estimated forfeiture percentage to stock-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of January 1, 2006, was not material.
 
The expected term assumption was determined in accordance with guidance set forth in SAB 107, which provides for a "simplified method" of estimating the expected term for stock options granted prior to December 31, 2007, that 1) are granted at-the-money, 2) are exercisable only upon completion of a service condition through the vesting date, 3) require that employees who terminate their service prior to vesting must forfeit the options, 4) provide that employees who terminate their service after vesting are granted limited time to exercise their stock options (typically 30-90 days), and 5) are nontransferable and non-hedgeable. The simplified method is based on the vesting period and the contractual term for each grant, or for each vesting tranche of awards with graded vesting. The mid-point between the vesting commencement date and the expiration date is used as the expected term under this method. For awards with multiple vesting tranches, the times from grant until these midpoints for each of the tranches may be averaged to provide an overall expected term. The fair value of share-based awards is expensed on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the award), which is generally two to four years.
 
Pre-2006 Stock-Based Compensation. Prior to January 1, 2006, we accounted for share-based compensation to employees in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB No. 25"), and related interpretations. We also followed the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123, as amended by SFAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure." Because we previously adopted only the pro forma disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123, we will recognize compensation cost relating to the unvested portion of awards granted prior to the date of adoption using the same estimate of the grant-date fair value and the same attribution method used to determine the pro forma disclosures under SFAS No. 123, except that forfeiture rates will be estimated for all awards as required by SFAS No. 123R. In accordance with the requirements of the modified prospective transition method of adoption of SFAS No. 123R, the financial statement amounts for prior periods presented in these notes have not been restated to reflect the fair value method of recognizing compensation cost relating to stock-based awards.

F-12


The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option valuation model that uses the assumptions noted in the table below. Expected volatility is based on the separate historical volatility of the market prices of AR-CombiMatrix stock. Volatilities of peer companies were also considered, when applicable, to address the lack of extensive historical volatility data for AR-CombiMatrix stock. The risk-free rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
 
The fair values of the options were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following weighted average assumptions:
 
               
For the Nine Months
 
   
  For the years ended December 31,
 
Ended September 30,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2005
 
2006
 
               
(unaudited)  
 
                       
Risk free interest rate
   
2.89 %
 
 
3.18 %
 
 
3.84 %
 
 
3.83 %
 
 
5.06 %
 
Volatility
   
100 %
 
 
100 %
 
 
88 %
 
 
88 %
 
 
82 %
 
Expected term
   
5 years
   
5 years
   
5 years
   
5 years
   
6 years
 
Expected dividends
   
0 %
 
 
0 %
 
 
0 %
 
 
0 %
 
 
0 %
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense for all periods presented attributable to various functional expense categories such as research and development and marketing, general and administrative expenses were as follows:

               
For the Nine Months
 
   
  For the years ended December 31,
 
Ended September 30,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2005
 
2006
 
               
(unaudited)  
 
                       
Research and development
 
$
466
 
$
91
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
797
 
Marketing, general and administrative
   
1,189
   
663
   
(159
)
 
(146
)
 
959
 
Total non-cash stock compensation
 
$
1,655
 
$
754
 
$
(159
)
$
(146
)
$
1,756
 

 
In aggregate, the impact of adopting SFAS No. 123R was $1,717,000 (unaudited), or $0.03 per pro forma basic and diluted loss per share (assuming 52,365,810 shares outstanding) (unaudited) for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. Awards granted prior to our implementation of SFAS No. 123R were accounted for under the recognition and measurement principles of APB No. 25 and related interpretations. Accordingly, no stock-based employee compensation cost was reflected in net loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for all other periods presented because all options granted had exercise prices equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.
 
The following table illustrates the pro forma effect on net loss if we had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123 (in thousands):
 
               
For the Nine
 
   
  For the years ended December 31,
 
Months Ended
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
Sept. 30, 2005
 
               
(unaudited)
 
                   
Income (loss) from operations as reported
 
$
(18,969
)
$
710
 
$
(12,401
)
$
(10,616
)
Add: Stock-based compensation, intrinsic
                         
value method reported in net loss, net of tax
   
1,475
   
606
   
-
   
-
 
Deduct: Pro forma stock-based compensation
                         
fair value method
   
(9,029
)
 
(6,127
)
 
(2,834
)
 
(2,549
)
Loss from operations, pro forma
 
$
(26,523
)
$
(4,811
)
$
(15,235
)
$
(13,165
)

F-13

 
Research and Development Expenses . Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for direct and overhead-related research expenses and are expensed as incurred. Costs to acquire technologies which are utilized in research and development and which have no alternative future use are expensed when incurred. Software developed for use in our products is expensed as incurred until both (i) technological feasibility for the software has been established and (ii) all research and development activities for the other components of the system have been completed. We believe these criteria are met after we have received evaluations from third-party test sites and completed any resulting modifications to the products. Expenditures to date have been classified as research and development expense.
 
Advertising . Costs associated with marketing and advertising of our products and services are expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, we incurred marketing and advertising expenses of $26,000, $314,000 and $516,000, respectively.
 
Income Taxes . Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. A valuation allowance is established to reduce deferred tax assets if all, or some portion, of such assets will more than likely not be realized.
 
Segments . We follow SFAS No. 131, "Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information" ("SFAS No. 131"), which establishes annual and interim reporting standards for an enterprise’s operating segments and related disclosures about our products, services, geographic areas and major customers. We have determined that we operate in one segment.
 
Use of Estimates . The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the combined financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
 
Income (Loss) Per Share . As discussed in Note 1, we have been a wholly owned subsidiary of Acacia since the Merger Date and have had 100 shares of common stock outstanding for all periods presented. Therefore, historical earnings (losses) per share have not been presented in the consolidated financial statements as this information is not considered meaningful.
 
Reclassifications . Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period financial statements in order to conform to the current period’s presentation.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements . In February 2006, the FASB issued FAS No. 155, "Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments," an amendment of FAS No. 133 and FAS No. 140. FAS No. 155 simplifies accounting for certain hybrid instruments under FAS No. 133 by permitting fair value remeasurement for financial instruments that otherwise would require bifurcation and eliminating FAS No. 133 Implementation Issue No. D1, "Application of Statement 133 to Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets," which provides that beneficial interests are not subject to the provisions of FAS No. 133. FAS No. 155 also eliminates the previous restriction under FAS No. 140 on passive derivative instruments that a qualifying special-purpose entity may hold. FAS No. 155 is effective for all financial instruments acquired, issued, or subject to a remeasurement event occurring after the beginning of an entity’s fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. We do not expect the adoption of this statement to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
In March 2006, the FASB issued FAS No. 156, "Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets," an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140. FAS No. 156 permits entities to choose to either subsequently measure servicing rights at fair value and report changes in fair value in earnings or amortize servicing rights in proportion to and over the estimated net servicing income or loss and assess to rights for impairment or the need for an increased obligation. FAS No. 156 also clarifies when a servicer should separately recognize servicing assets and liabilities, requires all separately recognized assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value, if practicable, permits a one-time reclassification of available-for-sales securities to trading securities by an entity with recognized servicing rights and requires additional disclosures for all separately recognized servicing assets and liabilities. FAS No. 156 is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. We do not expect the adoption of this statement to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

F-14


In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48 ("FIN 48"), "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes," which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes." FIN 48 provides guidance on the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures, and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated and separate operating group financial statements.
 
In September 2006, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108 ("SAB 108"), "Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements." SAB 108 is effective for fiscal years ending on or after November 15, 2006 and addresses how financial statement errors should be considered from a materiality perspective and corrected. The literature provides interpretive guidance on how the effects of the carryover or reversal of prior year misstatements should be considered in quantifying a current year misstatement. Historically there have been two common approaches used to quantify such errors: (i) the "rollover" approach, which quantifies the error as the amount by which the current year income statement is misstated, and (ii) the "iron curtain" approach, which quantifies the error as the cumulative amount by which the current year balance sheet is misstated. The SEC Staff believes that companies should quantify errors using both approaches and evaluate whether either of these approaches results in quantifying a misstatement that, when all relevant quantitative and qualitative factors are considered, is material. Historically, we have evaluated uncorrected differences utilizing the "rollover" approach, and we are currently evaluating the impact, if any, of adopting the provisions of SAB 108 on our consolidated and separate group financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
 
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements" (SFAS No. 157). SFAS No. 157 establishes a common definition for fair value to be applied to US GAAP guidance requiring use of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosure about such fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We are currently assessing the impact, if any, of adopting SFAS No. 157 on our consolidated and separate group financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
 
3.    SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
 
Short-term investments consist of the following at December 31, 2004 and 2005 (in thousands):
 
   
2004
 
2005
 
   
Amortized
 
Fair
 
Amortized
 
Fair
 
   
Cost
 
Value
 
Cost
 
Value
 
Available-for-sale securities:
                         
Corporate bonds and notes
 
$
6,562
 
$
6,541
 
$
3,726
 
$
3,717
 
U.S. government securities
   
14,220
   
14,186
   
2,358
   
2,351
 
Auction market securities
   
-
   
-
   
8,480
   
8,479
 
   
$
20,782
 
$
20,727
 
$
14,564
 
$
14,547
 

 
Gross unrealized gains and losses related to available-for-sale securities were not material for the periods presented. All investments in securities classified as available-for-sale at December 31, 2004 have contractual maturities of one year or less. At December 31, 2005, the cost and fair market value of securities with contractual maturities of greater than one year, other than auction market securities, was $1,254,000 and $1,251,000, respectively. As disclosed in Note 2, auction market securities are classified as short-term, available for sale securities due to our ability to quickly liquidate these securities.

F-15


4.    PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
 
Property and equipment consists of the following at December 31, 2004 and 2005 (in thousands):
 
   
2004
 
2005
 
           
Machine shop and laboratory equipment
 
$
3,791
 
$
4,931
 
Furniture and fixtures
   
162
   
173
 
Computer hardware and software
   
829
   
983
 
Leasehold improvements
   
998
   
1,027
 
Construction in progress
   
359
   
17
 
     
6,139
   
7,131
 
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
   
(3,809
)
 
(4,768
)
   
$
2,330
 
$
2,363
 
 
Depreciation and amortization expense was $1,314,000, $1,105,000 and $1,088,000 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectfully. Fully depreciated assets of $663,000 were written off in 2004.
 
5.    INVESTMENTS
 
In October 2004 (the "Investment Date"), we entered into an agreement to acquire up to a one-third-ownership interest in Leuchemix, Inc. ("Leuchemix"), a private drug development firm, which is developing several compounds for the treatment of leukemia and other cancers. In accordance with the terms of the purchase agreement, we purchased 3,137,500 shares of Series A Preferred Stock of Leuchemix for a total purchase price of $4,000,000. The ownership interest was acquired and paid for quarterly, beginning with the fourth quarter of 2004 and continuing through the fourth quarter of 2006. Our CEO is also a director of Leuchemix. As of December 31, 2004, 2005 and September 30, 2006, we had invested a combined $250,000, $1,850,000 and $3,250,000 (unaudited), representing a 3%, 19% and 29% (unaudited) interest, respectively, in the total outstanding voting securities of Leuchemix. On October 3, 2006, we made our final contractual investment under this agreement of $750,000, bringing our ownership percentage to 33% (unaudited). This investment is being accounted for under the equity method.
 
Our interest in the equity in loss of Leuchemix, including our share of the amortization expense related to the excess purchase consideration over the book value of Leuchemix was $17,000 and $352,000 for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, and was $202,000 (unaudited) and $717,000 (unaudited) for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Summary financial information for Leuchemix was not significant as of December 31, 2004, 2005 or as of September 30, 2006.
 
In January 2006, we expanded our relationship with one of our existing distributors, InBio, for the Asia Pacific region. Major components of the expanded relationship included the transfer of day-to-day operational responsibility and majority ownership of CombiMatrix K.K. to InBio, along with an expanded distribution agreement that encompasses Japan. InBio obtained 67% of the voting interests in CombiMatrix K.K. for a nominal amount of consideration. As a result, InBio assumed all operational and financial responsibilities of CombiMatrix K.K. The net loss on the sale of 67% of the voting interest in CombiMatrix K.K. recorded in the consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $84,000. Subsequent to the sale, our investment in CombiMatrix K.K. was accounted for under the equity method. The deconsolidation of CombiMatrix K.K. did not have a material impact on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2006.
 
6.    INTANGIBLES
 
We had $19,424,000 and $18,859,000 of goodwill as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively, $565,000 of which resulted from step-acquisitions of Advanced Materials Sciences, Inc. ("AMS") and CombiMatrix K.K. during July 2003. These reporting units were tested for impairment in the fourth quarter of 2005 in connection with our annual forecasting process. Due to the lack of third-party research and development funding for AMS and declining array product sales at CombiMatrix K.K., operating profits and cash flows were lower than expected during the preceding three quarters for these reporting units. Based on these trends, the operating forecasts for 2006 were revised downward and as a result, a goodwill impairment loss of $565,000 was recognized in December 2005. The fair values of these reporting units were estimated using the expected present value of their future cash flows.

F-16


Our only identifiable intangible assets are patents, which are being amortized over an economic useful life of ranging from 7 to 20 years. The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization related to acquired intangible assets, all related to patents, as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, are as follows (in thousands):
 
   
2004
 
2005
 
           
Gross carrying amount - patents
 
$
12,095
 
$
12,095
 
Accumulated amortization
   
(3,074
)
 
(4,169
)
Patents, net
 
$
9,021
 
$
7,926
 

 
Aggregate patent amortization expense was $1,095,000, $1,096,000 and $1,095,000 in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Annual aggregate amortization expense for each of the next five years through December 31, 2010 is estimated to be $1,095,000 per year. As of September 30, 2006, we reduced our goodwill and deferred tax liability balances by $1,941,000, which were initially recorded in fiscal 2000, to properly reflect the reduction in our income tax valuation allowance after consideration of the deferred tax liability.
 
7.    BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS
 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other consists of the following at December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2005 (in thousands):
 
   
 
2004
 
 
2005
 
           
Accounts payable
 
$
540
 
$
855
 
Payroll and other employee benefits
   
317
   
394
 
Accrued vacation
   
355
   
455
 
Deferred rent
   
340
   
315
 
Accrued consulting and other professional fees
   
299
   
268
 
Other accrued liabilities
   
113
   
196
 
 
 
$
1,964
 
$
2,483
 

Deferred revenues consist of the following at December 31, 2004 and 2005 (in thousands):
 
   
2004
 
2005
 
Milestone and up-front payments
 
$
3,959
 
$
1,604
 
Less: current portion
   
(66
)
 
(165
)
   
$
3,893
 
$
1,439
 

In March 2004, we completed all phases of our research and development agreement with Roche. As a result of completing all of our obligations under this agreement and in accordance with our revenue recognition policies for multiple-element arrangements, we recognized all previously deferred payments from Roche as research and development contract revenues totaling $17,302,000 in the accompanying December 31, 2004 consolidated statement of operations.
 
In 2003, we received upfront and milestone payments from Toppan totaling $2,400,000, pursuant to a multi-year collaboration and supply agreement to develop and manufacture arrays using our proprietary electrochemical detection approach. In August 2004, we received a $1,000,000 upfront payment from Furuno Electric Co., LTD ("Furuno") as part of a multi-year collaboration agreement to develop a bench-top array synthesizer for commercial applications. The payments received from Toppan and Furuno were included in deferred revenues at December 31, 2004 in accordance with our revenue recognition policies for multiple-element arrangements. During the fourth quarter of 2005, we had completed all obligations under our collaboration and supply agreement with Toppan and as a result, we recognized all previously deferred payments from Toppan as research and development contract revenues totaling $2,266,000 in the accompanying December 31, 2005 consolidated statement of operations. During the third quarter of 2006, we entered into a Manufacturing Agreement with Furuno and completed our obligations under our collaboration agreement with Furuno. As a result, we began amortizing the $1,000,000 upfront payment over the economic life of the Manufacturing Agreement, which is estimated to be four years.

F-17


8.   INCOME TAXES
 
Our allocated benefit for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
Current:
                   
U.S. Federal tax
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
State taxes
   
-
   
-
   
(31
)
 
    -    
-
   
(31
)
Deferred:
                   
U.S. Federal tax
   
(136
)
 
(136
)
 
(136
)
State taxes
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
     
(136
)
 
(136
)
 
(136
)
   
$
(136
)
$
(136
)
$
(167
)

The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to significant portions of deferred assets and liabilities consist of the following at December 31, 2004 and 2005 (in thousands):

   
2004
 
2005
 
Deferred tax assets:
             
Depreciation and amortization  
 
$
(203
)
$
(170
)
Deferred revenues
   
829
   
489
 
Stock compensation
   
7,491
   
7,437
 
Accrued liabilities and other
   
218
   
108
 
Net operating loss carryforwards and credits
   
32,459
   
36,310
 
Total deferred tax assets
   
40,794
   
44,174
 
Less: valuation allowance  
   
(40,794
)
 
(44,174
)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance  
   
-
   
-
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
             
Intangibles
   
(2,112
)
 
(1,975
)
Net deferred tax liability
 
$
(2,112
)
$
(1,975
)
 
As of September 30, 2006, and as previously disclosed in Note 6 above, we reduced our deferred tax liability and goodwill balances by $1,941,000, which were initially recorded in fiscal 2000, to properly reflect the reduction in our income tax valuation allowance after consideration of the deferred tax liability.
 
A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate and the effective income tax rate is as follows:
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
Statutory federal tax rate  
   
(34%)
 
 
(34%)
 
 
(34%
 
Goodwill impairment  
   
-
   
-
   
2%
 
Tax exempt interest  
   
-
   
10%
 
 
-
 
Impact of foreign rate difference  
   
-
   
10%
 
 
4%
 
Research and development tax credits  
   
-
   
70%
 
 
(5%)
 
Stock compensation  
   
1%
 
 
4%
 
 
-
 
Non deductible permanent items  
   
-
   
11%
 
 
4%
 
Valuation allowance  
   
36%
 
 
(50%)
 
 
27%
 
Other  
   
(4%)
 
 
2%
 
 
1%
 
     
(1%)
 
 
23%
 
 
(1%)
 

At December 31, 2005, we had deferred tax assets totaling approximately $44,174,000, which are fully offset by a valuation allowance due to our determination that the criteria for asset recognition have not been met. At December 31, 2005, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $101,645,000, which will begin to expire in 2010 through 2025. In addition, we have tax credit carryforwards of approximately $3,459,000. Utilization of net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards are subject to the "change of ownership" provisions under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. The amount of such limitations has not been determined. Based on a tax allocation agreement recently executed between us and Acacia, it is expected that all tax benefits, carryforwards and balances attributable to CombiMatrix Corporation prior to the Redemption Date will remain with the Company subsequent to the Redemption Date (unaudited).

F-18


Our annual income tax returns have historically been included with Acacia’s consolidated tax return filings. Had we filed separate tax returns, the benefit for income taxes recognized by us would not have differed from the amounts reported in our consolidated statements of operations all years presented.
 
9.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
Operating Leases
 
In October 2000, we entered into a non-cancelable operating lease for office space. A security deposit in the form of a $1,500,000 letter of credit was issued to the landlord. Future minimum operating lease payments as of December 31, 2005 are as follows (in thousands):
 
Year
     
       
2006
 
$
1,886
 
2007
   
1,937
 
2008
   
1,615
 
2009
   
-
 
Thereafter
   
-
 
Total minimum lease payments
 
$
5,438
 

Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 was $2,006,000, $1,933,000 and $1,955,000, respectively.
 
Collaborative and Research Agreements
 
As disclosed in Note 5, we have entered into an agreement with Leuchemix to purchase a total of $4,000,000 of Series A Preferred Stock of Leuchemix over a two-year period. As of December 31, 2005, future contractual cash investments by us in Leuchemix were $2,150,000, all of which were made as of October 2, 2006 (unaudited).
 
In March 2004, we were awarded a two-year, $5.9 million contract with the Department of Defense ("DoD") to further the development of our array technology for the detection of biological and chemical threat agents. Under the terms of the contract, we performed research and development activities as described under the contract and were reimbursed on a periodic basis for actual costs incurred to perform our obligations, plus a fixed fee, of approximately $5.9 million. This project was concluded in December 2005. As a result, there are no future revenues or expenses to be recognized in future periods under this agreement.
 
On February 8, 2006, we executed a one-year, $2.1 million contract with the DoD to further the development of our array technology for the electrochemical detection of biological and chemical threat agents. Under the terms of this contract, we will perform research and development activities as described under the contract and will be reimbursed on a periodic basis for actual costs incurred to perform our obligations, plus a fixed fee, of up to $2.1 million. As of September 30, 2006, we had incurred $1.1 million in actual costs for the electrochemical detection contract, which was approximately 68% complete (unaudited).
 
On August 9, 2006 (unaudited), we executed a two-year, $1.9 million contract with the DoD, focusing on the integration of our electrochemical detection technology currently under development with our microfluidics "lab-on-a-chip" technology to be used for military and homeland security applications. Under the terms of this contract, we will perform research and development activities, as described under the contract, and will be reimbursed on a periodic basis for actual costs incurred to perform these obligations, plus a fixed fee, of up to $1.9 million. As of September 30, 2006, we had incurred $61,000 in actual costs for the microfluidics contract, which was approximately 4% complete (unaudited).
 
Human Resources
 
We provide certain severance benefits such that if an executive who is a vice president or higher is terminated for other than cause, death or disability, the executive will receive payments equal to three months’ base salary plus medical and dental benefits. If termination occurs as a result of a change in control transaction, these benefits will be extended by three months.

F-19


Litigation
 
On September 30, 2002, we entered into a settlement agreement with Nanogen, Inc. ("Nanogen") to settle all pending litigation between the parties. Pursuant to the terms of the settlement agreement, we agreed to make quarterly payments to Nanogen equal to 12.5% of total sales of products developed by us and our affiliates based on the patents that had been in dispute in the litigation, up to an annual maximum of $1,500,000. The minimum quarterly payments under the settlement agreement were $37,500 per quarter for the period from October 1, 2003 through October 1, 2004, and $25,000 per quarter thereafter until the patents expire. The settlement agreement also provided for certain anti-dilution provisions related to the exercise of CombiMatrix Corporation options and warrants that were outstanding on the effective date of the agreement, for a period of up to three years. For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, we recognized net non-cash charges (credits) totaling $144,000, $812,000, $(406,000), $(406,000) (unaudited) and $0 (unaudited), respectively, in connection with the anti-dilution provisions of the settlement agreement. The non-cash charges (credits) reflect our estimates of the fair value of AR-CombiMatrix stock issued to Nanogen as a result of certain options and warrants exercised during 2004 and the fair value of AR-CombiMatrix stock potentially issuable to Nanogen, Inc. as of December 31, 2003 and 2004. Prior to the third quarter of 2005, the liability was adjusted at each balance sheet date for changes in the market value of the AR-CombiMatrix stock and was reflected as a long-term liability. The anti-dilution provisions of the settlement agreement expired in September 2005, resulting in a net non-cash credit of $211,000 (unaudited) from extinguishing the related liability as of that date. There are no future stock-based obligations to Nanogen as a result.
 
In addition to other terms of the settlement agreement with Nanogen, we are also required to make quarterly payments to Nanogen equal to 12.5% of payments made to us from sales of certain products developed by us and our affiliates that are based on the patents that had been in dispute in the litigation, up to an annual maximum of $1,500,000. The minimum quarterly payments under the settlement agreement are $25,000 per quarter until the patents expire in 2018. Royalties recognized under the agreement for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004, 2005 and during the nine months ended September 30, 2005, and 2006, were $83,000, $138,000 $217,000, $130,000 (unaudited) and $253,000 (unaudited), respectively and are included in patent amortization and royalties in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
 
We are subject to other claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the ultimate liability with respect to these claims and legal actions, if any, will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Based on a distribution agreement recently executed between us and Acacia, it is expected that such claims, legal actions, etc. attributable to CombiMatrix Corporation prior to the Redemption Date will remain with the Company subsequent to the Redemption Date (unaudited).
 
10.    RETIREMENT SAVINGS PLAN
 
We have an employee savings and retirement plan under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Plan"). The Plan is a defined contribution plan in which eligible employees may elect to have a percentage of their compensation contributed to the Plan, subject to certain guidelines issued by the Internal Revenue Service. We may contribute to the Plan at the discretion of Acacia’s board of directors. There were no contributions made by the Company during the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 or for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006.
 
11.    ALLOCATED NET WORTH
 
Our consolidated statements of allocated net worth include the equity transactions of Acacia, which are attributed to us as "net allocations from Acacia." Such transactions have been incurred by Acacia and subsequently allocated us. Presented below is a detail of the net allocations from Acacia for all periods presented:
 
   
Net Allocations from Acacia
 
2003
 
 
 
Units issued in private placement, net of issuance costs
 
$
4,862
 
Allocated corporate charges
   
620
 
Stock options and warrants exercised
   
953
 
Employee stock grant
   
60
 
Stock option cancellations
   
(256
)
Compensation expense relating to stock options and warrants
   
1,849
 
Unrealized loss on short-term investments
   
(27
)
Unrealized gain on foreign currency translation
   
35
 
Shares issued to Nanogen pursuant to September 2002 settlement agreement (see Note 9)
   
74
 
Stock issuance related to acquisition of minority interests in Advanced Material Sciences and CombiMatrix K.K.
   
1,219
 
Net allocations from Acacia - 2003
 
$
9,389
 

F-20

 
2004
     
Units issued in direct offering, net of issuance costs
 
$
13,715
 
Allocated corporate charges
   
396
 
Stock options and warrants exercised
   
5,117
 
Stock option cancellations
   
(185
)
Compensation expense relating to stock options and warrants
   
939
 
Unrealized loss on short-term investments
   
(59
)
Unrealized loss on foreign currency translation
   
(20
)
Shares issued to Nanogen pursuant to September 2002 settlement agreement (see Note 9)
   
478
 
Net allocations from Acacia - 2004
 
$
20,381
 
 
2005
       
Units issued in direct offerings, net of issuance costs
 
$
12,724
 
Warrants issued in direct offerings, re-classified as long-term liabilities
   
(2,194
)
Allocated corporate charges
   
179
 
Stock options and warrants exercised
   
11
 
Compensation expense relating to stock options and warrants
   
(160
)
Unrealized gain on short-term investments
   
38
 
Unrealized gain on foreign currency translation
   
73
 
Net allocations from Acacia - 2005
 
$
10,671
 
 
2006 (unaudited)
       
Units issued in direct offerings, net of issuance costs
 
$
2,647
 
Allocated corporate charges
   
130
 
Stock issued to consultant
   
94
 
Compensation expense relating to stock options and warrants
   
1,759
 
Unrealized gain on short-term investments
   
10
 
Reclassification of foreign currency translation
   
(60
)
Net allocations from Acacia - For the nine months ended September 30, 2006 (unaudited)
 
$
4,580
 
 
Equity Financings
 
In May 2003, Acacia completed a private equity financing, raising gross proceeds of $5,247,000 through the issuance of 2,385,000 units. Each unit consists of one share of AR-CombiMatrix common stock and one-half five-year callable common stock purchase warrant. Each full common stock purchase warrant entitles the holder to purchase a share of AR-CombiMatrix stock at a price of $2.75 per share and is callable by Acacia once the daily average of the high and low prices of the AR-CombiMatrix stock on the Nasdaq exchange is equal to or above $4.50 for 20 consecutive trading days. Acacia issued an additional 31,502 units of AR-CombiMatrix stock in lieu of cash payments in conjunction with the private placement for finder’s fees. Net proceeds raised from the private equity financing of $4,862,000 were attributed to us.
 
In April 2004, Acacia raised gross proceeds of approximately $15,000,000 through the sale of 3,000,000 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock in a registered direct offering. The net proceeds of approximately $13,715,000 from this offering were attributed to us.
 
In July 2005, Acacia raised gross proceeds of $3,151,000 through the sale of 1,400,444 shares of AR CombiMatrix stock at a price of $2.25 per share in a registered direct offering. Net proceeds raised of approximately $3,114,000, which are net of related issuance costs, were attributed to us.

F-21


In September 2005, Acacia raised gross proceeds of $10,537,000 through the sale of 6,385,907 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock and 1,596,478 AR-CombiMatrix stock purchase warrants at a price of $1.65 per unit in a registered direct offering. Each unit consisted of one share of AR-CombiMatrix stock and one-quarter of a five-year AR-CombiMatrix stock purchase warrant. Each full AR-CombiMatrix stock purchase warrant entitles the holder to purchase a share of AR-CombiMatrix stock at a price of $2.40 per share and is exercisable immediately upon issue. Net proceeds raised of approximately $9,609,000, which are net of related issuance costs, were attributed to us.
 
See Notes 15, 16 and 17 below for discussion of additional financing activities subsequent to December 31, 2005.
 
Warrants
 
At December 31, 2005 there were 1,596,478 warrants outstanding issued in connection with the September 2005 equity financing discussed above, representing rights to purchase AR-CombiMatrix common stock at a per share exercise price of $2.40, which are exercisable through September 2010. At December 31, 2004 and 2005, there were 283,410 warrants outstanding issued in connection with the May 2003 equity financing discussed above, representing rights to purchase AR-CombiMatrix common stock at a per share exercise price of $2.75, which are exercisable through May 2008.
 
Acacia’s classes of common stock are subject to redemption provisions under certain circumstances. Pursuant to guidance set forth in FSP No. 150-5, we initially recorded a long-term warrant liability in the amount of $2,193,000, representing the fair value of 1,879,888 potentially redeemable AR-CombiMatrix stock warrants outstanding. This liability is adjusted at each balance sheet date for changes in the market value of the AR-CombiMatrix stock with the corresponding charge (credit) reflected in our consolidated statements of operations. At December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006, this liability was $1,381,000 and $719,000 (unaudited), respectively, and is classified as other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of AR-CombiMatrix stock purchase warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, assuming weighted average risk free interest rates of approximately 4.4% and 4.7% (unaudited) as of December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006, respectively, volatility of 84% as of December 31, 2005 and 82% (unaudited) as of September 30, 2006, respectively, and terms of 2 to 4 years (unaudited).
 
During 2003 and 2004, proceeds of $450,000 and $2,093,000 were received from the issuance of 761,205 and 163,637 shares, respectively, of AR-CombiMatrix stock related to the exercise of certain warrants issued in connection with the May 2003 private equity financing described above. The proceeds from the warrants exercised were attributed to us.
 
12.   STOCK OPTIONS
 
Employees of CombiMatrix Corporation participate in Acacia’s 2002 CombiMatrix Stock Incentive Plan (the "AR-CombiMatrix Group Plan"), which was approved by the stockholders of Acacia in December 2002. The AR-CombiMatrix Group Plan authorizes grants of stock options, stock awards and performance shares with respect to AR-CombiMatrix stock. The Acacia board of directors believes that granting participants stock-based awards is in the best interest of Acacia, the Company and its stockholders.
 
As a result of the merger transaction with us and Acacia in December 2002 (see Note 1), each outstanding option to purchase shares of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock under CombiMatrix Corporation’s existing stock award plans, whether or not exercisable, was assumed by Acacia. Each assumed option continues to be governed by the same terms and conditions that governed it under the applicable CombiMatrix Corporation plan immediately before the Merger Date except that the option is exercisable for shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock rather than CombiMatrix Corporation common stock. The number of shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock issuable upon exercise of the assumed option, as well as the exercise price, was the same as the number of shares of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock issuable and exercise price prior to the merger with Acacia.
 
Stock Option Plans
 
Acacia’s compensation committee administers the discretionary option grant and stock issuance programs. This committee determines which eligible individuals are to receive option grants or stock issuances under those programs, the time or times when the grants or issuances are to be made, the number of shares subject to each grant or issuance, the status of any granted option as either an incentive stock option or a non-statutory stock option under the federal tax laws, the vesting schedule to be in effect for the option grant or stock issuance and the maximum term for which any granted option is to remain outstanding.

F-22


Each of the incentive plans has four separate programs: a discretionary option grant program, a stock issuance program, an automatic option grant program and a director fee option grant program. To date, the discretionary option grant program has been the most widely used in awarding stock-based compensation to Company employees. Under the discretionary option grant program, Acacia’s compensation committee may grant (1) non-statutory options to purchase shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock to eligible individuals in the employ of the Company (including employees, non-employee board members and consultants) at an exercise price not less than 85% of the fair market value of those shares on the grant date, and (2) incentive stock options to purchase shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock to eligible employees at an exercise price not less than 100% of the fair market value of those shares on the grant date.
 
The AR-Acacia Technologies Group Plan and the AR-CombiMatrix Group Plan do not segregate the number of securities remaining available for future issuance among stock options and other awards. The shares authorized for future issuance represents the total number of shares available through any combination of stock options or other awards. Options are generally exercisable nine months to one year after grant and expire five years after grant for directors or up to ten years after grant for employees. The authorized number of shares of common stock subject to the AR-CombiMatrix Group Plan is 10,910,000 shares. At December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006, shares available for grant were 2,071,000 and 1,038,872 (unaudited), respectively, under the AR-CombiMatrix Group Plan.
 
The following is a summary of AR-CombiMatrix stock option activities:
 
   
 
Shares
 
Weighted
Average Price
 
Weighted
Contractual Term
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 
Balance at December 31, 2002
   
5,620,000
 
$
9.24
             
Granted
   
1,996,000
 
$
2.05
             
Exercised
   
(253,000
)
$
1.86
             
Cancelled
   
(746,000
)
$
9.89
             
Balance at December 31, 2003
   
6,617,000
 
$
7.28
             
Granted
   
1,173,000
 
$
5.79
             
Exercised
   
(1,023,000
)
$
3.19
             
Cancelled
   
(535,000
)
$
9.89
             
Balance at December 31, 2004
   
6,232,000
 
$
7.44
             
Granted
   
1,010,000
 
$
2.95
             
Exercised
   
(6,000
)
$
1.95
             
Cancelled
   
(311,000
)
$
6.87
             
Balance at December 31, 2005
   
6,925,000
 
$
6.82
             
Granted (unaudited)
   
1,834,000
 
$
1.41
             
Exercised (unaudited)
   
-
   
-
             
Forfeited (unaudited)
   
(95,000
)
$
3.11
             
Cancelled (unaudited)
   
(106,000
)
$
6.72
             
Balance at September 30, 2006 (unaudited)
   
8,558,000
 
$
5.70
   
6.5 years
 
$
--
 
Exercisable at December 31, 2003
   
4,930,000
 
$
7.74
             
Exercisable at December 31, 2004
   
4,843,000
 
$
8.07
             
Exercisable at December 31, 2005
   
5,655,000
 
$
7.41
             
Exercisable at September 30, 2006 (unaudited)
   
6,185,000
 
$
7.13
   
5.4 years
 
$
--
 


F-23


AR-CombiMatrix stock options outstanding at December 31, 2005 are summarized as follows:
 
 
 
Range of
Exercise Prices
 
 
Number of
Outstanding
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
 
Outstanding
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
 
 
 
Number
Exercisable
 
Exercisable
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
 
                       
$ 1.43 - $ 2.77
   
1,315,000
   
7.13
 
$
1.97
   
1,156,000
 
$
1.95
 
$ 2.78 - $ 5.53
   
2,540,000
   
6.63
 
$
3.68
   
1,759,000
 
$
3.92
 
$ 5.54 - $ 8.30
   
694,000
   
8.00
 
$
6.79
   
422,000
 
$
6.79
 
$ 8.31 - $11.07
   
661,000
   
4.70
 
$
9.06
   
661,000
 
$
9.06
 
$ 11.08 - $13.83
   
1,033,000
   
5.52
 
$
12.02
   
980,000
 
$
12.02
 
$ 13.84 - $16.60
   
320,000
   
4.86
 
$
15.10
   
315,000
 
$
15.10
 
$ 16.61 - $19.37
   
195,000
   
4.47
 
$
17.32
   
195,000
 
$
17.32
 
$ 22.14 - $24.00
   
167,000
   
4.88
 
$
23.67
   
167,000
 
$
23.67
 
 
   
6,925,000
   
6.33
 
$
6.82
   
5,655,000
 
$
7.41
 

Information related to AR-CombiMatrix stock options granted for the periods presented is as follows:

               
For the Nine Months
 
   
  For the years ended December 31,
 
Ended September 30,
 
   
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2005
 
2006
 
               
(unaudited)  
 
                       
Weighted average fair values of option granted
 
$
1.59
 
$
4.19
 
$
2.08
 
$
2.09
 
$
1.02
 
Fair value of options vested
                               
Options granted with exercises prices:
                               
Greater than market price on the grant date
   
108,000
   
18,000
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Less than market price on the grant date
   
18,000
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
 
No AR-CombiMatrix options were exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2005 was not material. The fair value of options vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006 was $2,327,000 and $2,138,000, respectively. As of September 30, 2006, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested stock option awards was $2,932,000, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average term of approximately one year.
 
CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics 2005 Stock Award Plan
 
Our wholly owned subsidiary, CMDX, executed the CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics 2005 Stock Award Plan (the "CMDX Plan") with plan provisions and terms similar to that of the AR-CombiMatrix Group Plan, as described above. The authorized number of shares of common stock subject to the CMDX Plan is 4,000,000 shares. At December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006, shares available for grant under the CMDX Plan are 2,308,000 and 2,150,000 (unaudited), respectively.

F-24


A summary of option activity under CMDX Plan since inception through the nine months ended September 30, 2006 (unaudited) is as follows:

   
 
 
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
 
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 
Outstanding at Inception (May 6, 2005)
   
-
   
-
             
Granted
   
1,692,000
 
$
0.10
             
Exercised
   
-
   
-
             
Forfeited
   
-
   
-
             
Outstanding at December 31, 2005
   
1,692,000
 
$
0.10
             
Granted (unaudited)
   
910,000
 
$
0.50
             
Exercised (unaudited)
   
-
   
-
             
Forfeited (unaudited)
   
(752,000
)
$
0.10
             
Outstanding at September 30, 2006 (unaudited)
   
1,850,000
 
$
0.30
   
8.8 years
 
$
557,000
 
Vested and Exercisable at September 30, 2006 (unaudited)
   
171,000
 
$
0.12
   
5.0 years
 
$
20,000
 
 
The weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006 was $0.07 (unaudited) and $0.37 (unaudited), respectively. As of September 30, 2006, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested stock option awards was $244,000 (unaudited), which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average term of approximately 2.7 years (unaudited). Total stock compensation expense recognized and the fair value of options vested for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 were not material. During 2006 and 2005, Fair value of CMDX’s underlying common stock was determined by an independent appraisal firm and by CMDX’s board of directors, respectively.
 
Stock Option Awards Granted to Non-Employees
 
Stock option expense reflected in the consolidated statements of operations related to stock options issued to the our non-employee scientific advisory board members is accounted for under the fair value method required by SFAS No. 123 and EITF Issue No. 96-18, “Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued To Other Than Employees For Acquiring, Or In Conjunction With Selling, Goods And Services,” and related interpretations. The fair value of options granted to scientific advisory board members was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with weighted average assumptions as disclosed in Note 2 under "Stock-based Compensation." The stock-based compensation expense recognized from stock option awards granted to non-employees was not significant for the periods presented.
 
13.    QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited)
 
The following tables set forth unaudited summary consolidated statement of operations data for the eight quarters in the periods ended December 31, 2004 and 2005. This information has been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements that have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the information when read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto. Our quarterly results have been in the past and may in the future be subject to significant fluctuations. As a result, we believe that results of operations for interim periods should not be relied upon as any indication of the results to be expected in any future periods.
 
F-25

 
2004 SUMMARY QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited):
                 
   
Quarter Ended
 
   
Mar. 31,
 
Jun. 30,
 
Sep. 30,
 
Dec. 31,
 
   
2004
 
2004
 
2004
 
2004
 
   
(In thousands)
 
Revenues:
                 
Research and development contract
 
$
17,302
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
Government contract
   
217
   
701
   
685
   
390
 
Service contracts
   
81
   
5
   
16
   
14
 
Products
   
16
   
44
   
52
   
118
 
Total revenues
   
17,616
   
750
   
753
   
522
 
Operating expenses
   
5,804
   
4,384
   
4,433
   
4,776
 
Operating income (loss)
   
11,812
   
(3,634
)
 
(3,680
)
 
(4,254
)
Other income (expenses)
   
46
   
84
   
98
   
102
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before
                         
income taxes and minority interests
   
11,858
   
(3,550
)
 
(3,582
)
 
(4,152
)
Benefit for income taxes
   
34
   
34
   
34
   
34
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before
                         
minority interests
   
11,892
   
(3,516
)
 
(3,548
)
 
(4,118
)
Minority interests
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
                           
Net income (loss)
 
$
11,892
 
$
(3,516
)
$
(3,548
)
$
(4,118
)
 
 
2005 SUMMARY QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited):
                 
   
Quarter Ended
 
   
Mar. 31,
 
Jun. 30,
 
Sep. 30,
 
Dec. 31,
 
   
2005
 
2005
 
2005
 
2005
 
   
(In thousands)
 
Revenues:
                 
Research and development contract
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
2,266
 
Government contract
   
731
   
1,281
   
973
   
864
 
Service contracts
   
60
   
11
   
37
   
45
 
Products
   
278
   
565
   
453
   
469
 
Total revenues
   
1,069
   
1,857
   
1,463
   
3,644
 
Operating expenses
   
4,281
   
5,652
   
5,696
   
6,307
 
Operating income (loss)
   
(3,212
)
 
(3,795
)
 
(4,233
)
 
(2,663
)
Other income (expenses)
   
102
   
104
   
285
   
844
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before
                         
income taxes and minority interests
   
(3,110
)
 
(3,691
)
 
(3,948
)
 
(1,819
)
Benefit for income taxes
   
34
   
34
   
65
   
34
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before
                         
minority interests
   
(3,076
)
 
(3,657
)
 
(3,883
)
 
(1,785
)
Minority interests
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
                           
Net income (loss)
 
$
(3,076
)
$
(3,657
)
$
(3,883
)
$
(1,785
)
 
F-26

 
14.    SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
 
Refer to Note 6 for goodwill impairment charges recognized in 2005.
 
In July 2003, Acacia purchased the outstanding minority interests of CombiMatrix K.K. from Marubeni Corporation ("Marubeni") by issuing 200,000 shares of its AR-CombiMatrix stock to Marubeni in exchange for Marubeni’s 10% minority interests (120 shares) in CombiMatrix K.K. The fair value of the AR-CombiMatrix stock issued was $450,000, based on the quoted market price of AR-CombiMatrix stock on the exchange date. The amount attributable to goodwill was $393,000. The related ownership interests and goodwill were allocated to us.
 
Also in July 2003, Acacia increased its consolidated ownership interest in AMS from 87% to 99% by acquiring 1,774,750 shares of AMS common stock in exchange for 295,790 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock. The fair value of the AR-CombiMatrix stock issued was $769,000, based on the quoted market price of AR-CombiMatrix stock on the exchange date. The amount attributable to goodwill was $172,000. The related ownership interests and goodwill were allocated to us.
 
15.    SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (UNAUDITED)
 
On June 14, 2006, Acacia entered into a standby equity distribution agreement (the "SEDA") with Cornell Capital Partners, LP ("Cornell"). Under the terms of the SEDA, Acacia could require Cornell to purchase up to the lower of $50.0 million of AR-CombiMatrix common stock or up to 13,024,924 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock over a two-year period following the effective date of the SEDA. Such shares were in the form of registered securities drawn from Acacia’s current shelf registration statement. All proceeds from each advance, along with all associated fees and expenses, were allocated to us. At the closing of each advance, Acacia issued to Cornell the number of shares of AR-CombiMatrix common stock equal to the amount of the advance divided by the lowest daily volume weighted average price ("VWAP") of AR-CombiMatrix common stock during the five trading days following the advance notice to Cornell, which purchased the shares at 97.5% of the VWAP. Management could also specify a floor price whereby shares that traded below the established floor price during the five-day trading period were excluded from determining the VWAP. At each closing, Acacia paid to Cornell an underwriting fee of 4% of the gross amount of each advance. Acacia was not obligated to request any advances under the agreement and was not obligated to pay any additional fees to Cornell so long as no advances were requested. The SEDA is also cancelable by Acacia at any time, without penalty. A total of 13,024,924 shares of AR-CombiMatrix common stock were authorized to be issued under the SEDA.
 
Upon closing of the SEDA, the CombiMatrix group paid Cornell a one-time commitment fee of $550,000 and an additional $20,000 in due diligence and other closing-related costs. The $550,000 fee was recorded as a long-term asset and was being amortized against future advances as costs of equity issuances. On June 23 2006, Cornell purchased 343,750 shares of AR-CombiMatrix common stock at $1.60 per share.
 
Since executing the SEDA through September 30, 2006, Acacia has requested three advances from Cornell to purchase a total of 2,019,646 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock at prices ranging from $1.16 to $1.13 per share, resulting in net proceeds of $2,207,000 contributed to the Company. Subsequent to September 30, 2006 through November 1, 2006, an additional 1,191,699 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock at prices ranging from $0.98 to $0.73 per share have been sold to Cornell, generating net proceeds of $863,000 contributed to the Company. No advances have been requested since November 1, 2006 and on December 20, 2006, a notice to cancel the SEDA was sent by Acacia to Cornell.
 
16.    SUBSEQUENT EVENTS - FINANCING AND LIQUIDITY
 
On December 13, 2006, Acacia completed a registered direct offering with Oppenheimer & Co., Inc. (“Oppenheimer”) as the placement agent, raising gross proceeds of $9,964,000 through the issuance of 9,768,313 units. Each unit consists of one share of AR-CombiMatrix common stock and 1.2 five-year common stock warrants, for a total of 9,768,313 shares and warrants to purchase 11,721,975 shares of AR-CombiMatrix common stock, respectively, issued to investors. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase a share of AR-CombiMatrix stock at a price of $0.87 per share. Acacia issued an additional 488,416 warrants of AR-CombiMatrix stock with an exercise price of $1.09 per share to Oppenheimer. Net proceeds raised from the private equity financing of $9,266,000 were attributed to us. Also, the unamortized SEDA costs of $444,000 were charged against the net proceeds of the Oppenheimer financing, as canceling the SEDA was a condition of closing the Oppenheimer financing.

F-27


Based on cash and cash equivalents held at September 30, 2006 and the Oppenheimer and Cornell equity financings executed subsequent to September 30, 2006, management anticipates that our cash and cash equivalent balances, anticipated cash flows from operations and other sources of funding from the capital markets will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements through September 30, 2007. In order for the Company to continue as a going concern beyond this point and ultimately to achieve profitability, we will be required to obtain capital from external sources, increase revenues and reduce operating costs. However, there can be no assurance that such capital will be available at times and at terms acceptable to us, or that higher levels of product and service revenues will be achieved. The issuance of additional equity securities will also cause dilution to our shareholders. If external financing sources of financing are not available or are inadequate to fund our operations, we will be required to reduce operating costs including research projects and personnel, which could jeopardize the future strategic initiatives and business plans of the Company.
 
17.    PRO FORMA INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
 
The September 30, 2006 pro forma balance sheet presentation represents the reclassifications of Acacia’s historical net allocations to the Company as well as our accumulated net losses into CombiMatrix Corporation common stock and additional paid-in capital upon execution of the split-off of the Company from Acacia. We will begin accumulating retained earnings (deficits) immediately following the split-off from Acacia, which is anticipated to occur concurrent with the Redemption Date. Also, the pro forma balance sheet presentation assumes the reclassification of outstanding common stock warrants currently classified as long-term liabilities to additional paid-in capital.
 
Unaudited pro forma loss per share has been presented to reflect the capital structure of the Company subsequent to the Redemption Date. Pro forma basic and diluted loss per share has been computed by dividing the net loss by the estimated number of AR-CombiMatrix shares assumed to be outstanding and converted into common stock of the Company as of the Redemption Date. The estimated number of AR-CombiMatrix shares assumed to be outstanding includes the actual number issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2006 of 41,405,798, plus 1,191,699 shares issued subsequent to September 30, 2006 in connection with Acacia’s standby equity distribution agreement with Cornell Capital Partners, LP (see Note 15) and 9,768,313 shares issued by Acacia on December 13, 2006 in connection with a registered direct offering of AR-CombiMatrix common stock, placed by Oppenheimer & Co., Inc. (see Note 16). Options and warrants to purchase AR-CombiMatrix stock are assumed to be anti-dilutive as of the Redemption Date and therefore were not included in the determination of the pro forma diluted loss per share for the periods presented.
 
Upon effectiveness of the split-off from Acacia, each of the outstanding warrants will be exchanged for a new warrant to purchase CombiMatrix common stock, which unlike AR-CombiMatrix stock is not redeemable. According to the terms of the new warrants and the classification of the related CombiMatrix common stock, the new warrants will be classified as permanent equity rather than as a long-term liability. Therefore, the fair value of the outstanding warrants as of September 30, 2006 have been reflected as a component of additional paid-in capital on the accompanying unaudited September 30, 2006 pro forma balance sheet presentation.

F-28


 


 
 
52,365,810 Shares
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
______________
 
 
PROSPECTUS
 
______________
 
 
 
 
 
[date]
 
 
 
YOU SHOULD RELY ONLY ON THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS.   WE HAVE NOT AUTHORIZED ANYONE TO PROVIDE YOU WITH INFORMATION DIFFERENT FROM THAT CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS.   THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS ACCURATE ONLY AS OF THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS, REGARDLESS OF THE TIME OF DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS OR OF ANY SALE OF OUR COMMON   STOCK.
 
___________________
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


PART II - INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
 
ITEM 13. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
 
The following table sets forth the various costs and expenses payable by the registrant in connection with the issuance of CombiMatrix common stock in the redemption. Except for the SEC registration fee and Amex listing application fee, all the amounts shown are estimates.
 
SEC registration fee
 
 
$
5,603
 
Amex listing application fee
 
   
70,000
 
Legal fees and expenses
 
   
380,000
 
Accounting fees and expenses
 
   
187,000
 
Printing and related expenses
 
   
15,000
 
Transfer Agent Fees
 
   
25,000
 
Miscellaneous
 
   
25,000
 
Total
 
 
$
707,603
 
 
 
 
ITEM 14. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
 
Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides that a corporation may indemnify directors and officers as well as other employees and individuals against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement in connection with specified actions, suits or proceedings, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation - a derivative action), if they acted in good faith and in a manner they reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceedings, had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.
 
A similar standard is applicable in the case of derivative actions, except that indemnification only extends to expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the defense or settlement of such action, and the statute requires court approval before there can be any indemnification where the person seeking indemnification has been found liable to the corporation. The statute provides that it is not exclusive of other indemnification that may be granted by a corporation’s certificate of incorporation, bylaws, disinterested director vote, stockholder vote, agreement or otherwise.
 
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation permits us to, and our amended and restated bylaws provide that we will, indemnify our officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. We have entered into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that could require us, among other things, to indemnify them against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors and to advance their expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. We believe that the limitation of liability provision in our amended and restated bylaws and the indemnification agreements will facilitate our ability to continue to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve as directors and officers of our company.
 
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that our directors will not be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as directors except to the extent that an exemption or limitation of liability is not permitted under Delaware Law, as in effect from time to time. Delaware Law currently provides that directors of a company will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duty as directors, except for liability:
 
·       for any breach of their duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;
 
·       for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
 
·       for unlawful payment of dividend or unlawful stock repurchase or redemption, as provided under Delaware Law; or
 
·      for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

II-1


As of the date of this initial filing of this registration statement, certain executive officers of CombiMatrix Corporation are covered under Acacia’s existing director and officer insurance policy. It is our intent to obtain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of our company, or is or was serving at the request of our company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not our company would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of our company’s restated certificate of incorporation.
 
ITEM 15. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
 
We have not engaged in any unregistered offers or sales of our equity securities during the past three years. During the past three years, Acacia Research Corporation completed the following unregistered sales of AR-CombiMatrix stock or derivative securities that may be converted or exchanged into AR-CombiMatrix stock:
 
·   In July 2003, Acacia issued 200,000 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock, as reported in Acacia’s Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2003, Part II, Item 2 of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
 
·      In July 2003, Acacia issued 295,790 shares of AR-CombiMatrix stock, as reported in Acacia’s Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2003, Part II, Item 2 of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
 
·      In May 2003, Acacia completed the sale of 2,417,000 units, with each unit consisting of one share of AR-CombiMatrix stock and one half of a warrant to purchase a share of AR-CombiMatrix common stock, as reported in Acacia’s Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2003, Part II, Item 2 of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

II-2


ITEM 16. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
 
3.1
 
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
 
3.2
 
Amended and Restated Bylaws
 
5.1
 
Legal Opinion of Greenberg Traurig, LLP
 
10.1
 
Tax Allocation Agreement
 
10.2
 
Distribution Agreement
10.3
 
CombiMatrix Corporation 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
10.4
 
Form of Stock Incentive Plan Agreement
10.5
 
Settlement Agreement dated September 30, 2002, by and among Acacia Research Corporation, CombiMatrix Corporation, Donald D. Montgomery, Ph.D. and Nanogen, Inc. (1)
 
10.6
 
Research & Development Agreement dated September 25, 2002, between CombiMatrix Corporation and Roche Diagnostics GmbH (1)
 
10.7
 
License Agreement dated September 25, 2002 between CombiMatrix Corporation and Roche Diagnostics GmbH (1)
 
10.8
 
Form of Indemnification Agreement
10.9
 
Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated October 1, 2004, by and between Leuchemix, Inc. and CombiMatrix Corporation (2)
 
10.10
 
Investor Rights Agreement dated October 1, 2004, by and among Leuchemix, Inc., the holders of Common Stock set forth on Exhibit A attached thereto, and CombiMatrix Corporation (2)
 
10.11
 
Voting Agreement dated October 1, 2004, by and among Leuchemix, Inc., CombiMatrix Corporation and the holders of the Common Stock set forth on Exhibit A attached thereto (2)
 
10.12
 
Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement dated October 1, 2004, by and among Leuchemix, Inc., the holders of Common Stock set forth on Exhibit A attached thereto, and CombiMatrix Corporation (2)
 
10.13
 
Sublease Guaranty, dated June 15, 2005 by CombiMatrix Corporation in favor of Accupath Diagnostic Laboratories, Inc., dba U.S. Labs (3)
 
10.14
 
Research and Development Agreement Second Amendment between Roche Diagnostics GmbH and CombiMatrix Corporation, dated March 25, 2003 (3)
 
10.15
 
First Addendum to Roche/CBMX Research and Development Agreement, dated March 25, 2003 (3)
 
10.16
 
Sublease, dated June 15, 2005, by and between Accupath Diagnostics Labrotories, Inc., dbs U.S. Labs, and CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. (3)
 
10.17
 
Manufacturing and Supply Agreement with Furuno Electric Company, Ltd., effective July 1, 2006(4)
 
10.18
 
Employee Matters Agreement
 

II-3

 
21.1
 
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
 
23.1
 
Consent of Greenberg Traurig, LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1 hereto)
 
23.2
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
24.1
 
Power of Attorney (included on page II-5)
 
99.1
 
Notice to Holders of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix Common Stock
 
99.2
 
Notice to Holders of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix Options
 
99.3
 
Notice to Holders of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix Convertible Securities
 
___________________________
 
(1)
Incorporated by reference to Acacia Research Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (SEC File No. 333-87654) which became effective on November 8, 2002.
 
(2)
Incorporated by reference to Acacia Research Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 5, 2004.
 
(3)
Incorporated by reference to Acacia Research Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2006.
 
(4)
Incorporated by reference to Acacia Research Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2006.
 
 
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKING S
 
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
 
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

II-4


SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of Mukilteo, State of Washington, on, December 26, 2006
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION,
a Delaware corporation

 
By:   /s/ Amit Kumar                                               
Amit Kumar, President & CEO

 
POWER OF ATTORNEY
 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Amit Kumar or Scott Burell, or either of them, as his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
 
/s/ Amit Kumar                                                              
Amit Kumar, Ph.D.
 
President, Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer) and Director
 
 

December 26, 2006
/s/ Scott Burell                                                               
Scott Burell
 
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial
and Accounting Officer)
 
 
  December 26, 2006
/s/ Brooke Anderson                                                    
Brooke Anderson, Ph.D.
 
Chief Operating Officer and Director
 
 
 
December 26, 2006
/s/ Thomas Akin                                                            
Thomas Akin
 
Director
 
 
 
December 26, 2006
/s/ Rigdon Currie                                                            
Rigdon Currie
 
Director
 
 
 
December 26, 2006
/s/ John Abeles                                                              
John Abeles, M.D.
Director
 
December 26, 2006


II-5

 
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Pursuant to Item 601(a)(2) of Regulation S-K, this exhibit index immediately precedes the exhibits.
 
3.1
 
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation
 
3.2
 
Amended and Restated Bylaws
 
5.1
 
Legal Opinion of Greenberg Traurig, LLP
 
10.1
 
Tax Allocation Agreement
 
10.2
 
Distribution Agreement
10.3
 
CombiMatrix Corporation 2006 Stock Incentive Plan
10.4
 
Form of Stock Incentive Plan Agreement
10.5
 
Settlement Agreement dated September 30, 2002, by and among Acacia Research Corporation, CombiMatrix Corporation, Donald D. Montgomery, Ph.D. and Nanogen, Inc. (1)
 
10.6
 
Research & Development Agreement dated September 25, 2002, between CombiMatrix Corporation and Roche Diagnostics GmbH (1)
 
10.7
 
License Agreement dated September 25, 2002 between CombiMatrix Corporation and Roche Diagnostics GmbH (1)
 
10.8
 
Form of Indemnification Agreement
10.9
 
Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated October 1, 2004, by and between Leuchemix, Inc. and CombiMatrix Corporation (2)
 
10.10
 
Investor Rights Agreement dated October 1, 2004, by and among Leuchemix, Inc., the holders of Common Stock set forth on Exhibit A attached thereto, and CombiMatrix Corporation (2)
 
10.11
 
Voting Agreement dated October 1, 2004, by and among Leuchemix, Inc., CombiMatrix Corporation and the holders of the Common Stock set forth on Exhibit A attached thereto (2)
 
10.12
 
Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement dated October 1, 2004, by and among Leuchemix, Inc., the holders of Common Stock set forth on Exhibit A attached thereto, and CombiMatrix Corporation (2)
 
10.13
 
Sublease Guaranty, dated June 15, 2005 by CombiMatrix Corporation in favor of Accupath Diagnostic Laboratories, Inc., dba U.S. Labs (3)
 
10.14
 
Research and Development Agreement Second Amendment between Roche Diagnostics GmbH and CombiMatrix Corporation, dated March 25, 2003 (3)
 
10.15
 
First Addendum to Roche/CBMX Research and Development Agreement, dated March 25, 2003 (3)
 
10.16
 
Sublease, dated June 15, 2005, by and between Accupath Diagnostics Labrotories, Inc., dbs U.S. Labs, and CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. (3)
 
10.17
 
Manufacturing and Supply Agreement with Furuno Electric Company, Ltd., effective July 1, 2006(4)
 
10.18
 
Employee Matters Agreement
 

II-6

 
21.1
 
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
 
23.1
 
Consent of Greenberg Traurig, LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1 hereto)
 
23.2
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
24.1
 
Power of Attorney (included on page II-5)
 
99.1
 
Notice to Holders of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix Common Stock
 
99.2
 
Notice to Holders of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix Options
 
99.3
 
Notice to Holders of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix Convertible Securities
 
___________________________
 
(1)
Incorporated by reference to Acacia Research Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (SEC File No. 333-87654) which became effective on November 8, 2002.
 
(2)
Incorporated by reference to Acacia Research Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 5, 2004.
 
(3)
Incorporated by reference to Acacia Research Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 16, 2006.
 
(4)
Incorporated by reference to Acacia Research Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2006.
 
 
II-7
 
EXHIBIT 3.1

 
AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
December 21, 2006
 
CombiMatrix Corporation, a corporation organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware DOES HEREBY CERTIFY:
 
FIRST :     The original Certificate of Incorporation of CombiMatrix Corporation was filed under the name Combi Acquisition Corp. with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on March 15, 2002.
 
SECOND :          Combi Acquisition Corp. merged with and into CombiMatrix Corporation and simultaneously changed its name to CombiMatrix Corporation via the filing of a Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on December 13, 2002.
 
THIRD :             The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of CombiMatrix Corporation in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A has been duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Sections 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware by the directors and sole stockholder of CombiMatrix Corporation.
 
FOURTH :          The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation so adopted reads in full as set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto and is hereby incorporated herein by this reference.
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, CombiMatrix Corporation has caused this Certificate to be signed by its Chief Financial Officer as of the date first written above.
 
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Scott Burell  
 
Name:
Title:
Scott Burell
Chief Financial Officer
   

 


 
Exhibit A
AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
ARTICLE I
NAME
 
The name of the corporation is CombiMatrix Corporation (the " Corporation ").
 
ARTICLE II
ADDRESS OF REGISTERED OFFICE;
NAME OF REGISTERED AGENT
 
The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is 15 E. North Street, in the City of Dover, County of Kent, Delaware. The name of its registered agent at that address is Registered Agent Solutions, Inc.
 
 
ARTICLE III
PURPOSE
 
The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the Delaware General Corporation Law (the " DGCL ").
 
ARTICLE IV
CAPITAL STOCK
 
Section 1.    Authorization . The total number of shares of all classes of stock that the Corporation is authorized to issue is Two Hundred and Ten Million (210,000,000) shares, consisting of One Hundred and Eighty Million (180,000,000) shares of Common Stock with a par value of $.001 per share, and Thirty Million (30,000,000) shares of Preferred Stock with a par value of $.001 per share. Upon the effectiveness of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, each outstanding share of Common Stock of the Corporation shall be split and divided into four (4) shares of Common Stock . No fractional shares shall be recorded in the stock ledger of the Corporation as a result of the stock split provided for above. Any fractional share (a “ Fractional Interest ”) that would otherwise be issuable to a holder of Common Stock (a “ Fractional Share Holder ”) shall be treated as described in the following sentence: The Fractional Interest shall be cancelled and the Fractional Share Holder shall be entitled to receive an amount in cash equal to the product of the Fractional Interest to which such Fractional Share Holder would otherwise have been entitled, multiplied by the fair market value of one share of Common Stock immediately following the effectiveness of the stock split provided for above, as determined by the Board of Directors. Whether or not a Fractional Interest is to be recorded as a result of the stock split provided for above shall be determined on the basis of the total number of shares of Common Stock held by the record holder at the time the stock split occurs.
 
Section 2.    Preferred Stock . The Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series, each with such distinctive designation as may be stated in the Certificate of Incorporation or in any amendment hereto, or in a resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such stock from time to time adopted by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof. The resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of shares of a particular series shall fix, subject to applicable laws and the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, for each such series the number of shares constituting such series and the designation and the voting powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, such provisions as may be desired concerning voting, redemption, dividends, dissolution or the distribution of assets, conversion or exchange, and such other subjects or matters as may be fixed by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof under the DGCL. Except as otherwise required by law, or as otherwise fixed by resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors with respect to one or more series of Preferred Stock, the entire voting power and all voting rights shall be vested exclusively in the Common Stock, and each stockholder of the Corporation who at the time possesses voting power for any purpose shall be entitled to one vote for each share of such stock standing in his name on the books of the Corporation.
 

 
Section 3.    Common Stock .
 
(a)    Voting Rights . Except as may otherwise be provided in the certificate of incorporation of the corporation (including any certificate filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware establishing the terms of a series of Preferred Stock pursuant to the provisions of Article IV , Section 2 hereof) or by applicable law, each holder of Common Stock, as such, shall be entitled to one (1) vote for each share of Common Stock held of record by such holder on all matters on which stockholders generally are entitled to vote, and no holder of any series of Preferred Stock, as such, shall be entitled to any voting powers in respect thereof.
 
(b)    Dividends . Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock provided for or fixed pursuant to the provisions of Article IV , Section 2 hereof, dividends may be declared and paid on the Common Stock at such times and in such amounts as the Board of Directors in its discretion shall determine.
 
(c)    Liquidation; Dissolution . Upon the dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the corporation, subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock provided for or fixed pursuant to the provisions of Article IV , Section 2 hereof, the holders of the Common Stock shall be entitled to receive the assets of the corporation available for distribution to its stockholders ratably in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by them.
 
ARTICLE V
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
Section 1.    Number of Directors and Election . Subject to any rights of holders of the Corporation’s preferred stock, the number of directors will be fixed from time to time by action of not less than a majority of the directors then in office, but in no event shall the number of directors be less than five (5) nor more than nine (9).
 
Section 2.    Powers of the Board of Directors . In furtherance, and not in limitation, of the powers conferred by the laws of the State of Delaware, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, alter, amend and repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation.
 
Section 3.    Removal . Directors may be removed, with or without cause, only upon the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, subject to any rights of holders of the Corporation’s preferred stock; provided, however, that where such action is approved by a majority of the directors the affirmative vote of only a majority of the holders of all outstanding shares of the Corporation’s common stock will be required for approval of such action.
 

 
ARTICLE VI
STOCKHOLDER ACTIONS
 
Section 1.    Meetings and Records . Meetings of stockholders may be held within or without the State of Delaware, as the Bylaws of the Corporation may provide. The books of the Corporations may be kept (subject to the DGCL) outside of the State of Delaware at such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or in the Bylaws of the Corporation.
 
Section 2.    Special Meetings . Special meetings of stockholders may be called at any time by the Board of Directors or by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the President, and may not be called by any other person or persons.
 
Section 3.    Written Consents . No action that is required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders may be effected by written consent of the stockholders in lieu of a meeting of stockholders.
 
Section 4.    Vacancies . Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock as provided for or fixed pursuant to the provisions of Article IVSection 2 hereof, newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors or any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal or other cause shall be filled solely and exclusively by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors. Any director so chosen shall hold office until the next election of the class for which such director shall have been chosen and until his or her successor shall be elected and qualified. No decrease in the number of directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.
 
ARTICLE VII
LIMITATION ON LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS
 
No person shall be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, including without limitation for serving on a committee of the Board of Directors, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL as the same exists or hereafter may be amended. If the DGCL is amended after the date of the filing of this Certificate of Incorporation to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as so amended. Any amendment, repeal or modification of this Article VII shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing hereunder with respect to any act or omission occurring prior to such amendment, repeal or modification.
 

 
ARTICLE VIII
INDEMNIFICATION
 
The Corporation may indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law any person made or threatened to be made a party to an action or proceeding, whether criminal, civil, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such person, his or her testator or intestate is or was a director, officer or employee of the Corporation or any predecessor of the Corporation or serves or served at any other enterprise as a director, officer or employee at the request of the Corporation or any predecessor to the Corporation. No amendment, repeal or modification of this Article VIII by the stockholders shall adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing by virtue of this Article VIII at the time of such amendment, repeal or modification.
 
ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
 
The Corporation hereby reserves the right from time to time to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in the Certificate of Incorporation, and other provisions authorized by the laws of the State of Delaware at the time in force may be added or inserted, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by law, and all rights, preferences, and privileges of whatsoever nature conferred upon the stockholders, directors or any other persons whomsoever by or pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation in its present form or as hereafter amended are granted subject to the right reserved in this Article IX .
 
ARTICLE X
CREDITORS
 
Whenever a compromise or arrangement is proposed between this Corporation and its creditors or any class of them and/or between this Corporation and its stockholders or any class of them, any court of equitable jurisdiction within the State of Delaware may, on the application in a summary way of this Corporation or of any creditor or stockholder thereof, or on the application of any receiver or receivers appointed for this Corporation under the provisions of Section 291 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code or on the application of trustees in dissolution or of any receiver or receivers appointed for this Corporation under the provisions of Section 279 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code order a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of this Corporation, as the case may be, to be summoned in such manner as the said court directs. If a majority in number representing three-fourths in value of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of this Corporation, as the case may be, agree to any compromise or arrangement and to any reorganization of this Corporation as a consequence of such compromise or arrangement, the said compromise or arrangement and the said reorganization shall, if sanctioned by the court to which the said application has been made, be binding on all the creditors or class of creditors, and/or on all the stockholders or class of stockholders, of this Corporation, as the case may be, and also on this Corporation.
 
EXHIBIT 3.2

 
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
 
OF
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION

a Delaware corporation
 
-i-

 
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
 
OF
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
 
ARTICLE 1
 
OFFICES
 
Section 1.1    Registered Office.
 
The registered office of the corporation in the State of Delaware shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle.
 
Section 1.2    Other Offices.
 
The corporation may also have and maintain an office or principal place of business, or offices at such other places, both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require.
 
ARTICLE 2
 
STOCKHOLDERS’ MEETINGS
 
Section 2.1    Place of Meetings.
 
(a)    Meetings of stockholders may be held at such place, either within or without this State, as may be designated by or in the manner provided in these bylaws or, if not so designated, as determined by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication as authorized by paragraph (b) of this Section 2.1 .
 
(b)    If authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board of Directors may adopt, stockholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication:
 
(1)    Participate in a meeting of stockholders; and
 
(2)    Be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, provided that (A) the corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxyholder, (B) the corporation shall implement reasonable measures to provide such stockholders and proxyholders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings, and (C) if any stockholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the corporation.
 
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(c)    For purposes of this Section 2.1 , “remote communication” shall include (1) telephone or other voice communications and (2) electronic mail or other form of written or visual electronic communications, provided that the requirements of the Delaware General Corporation Law are satisfied.
 
Section 2.2    Annual Meetings.
 
The annual meetings of the stockholders of the corporation, for the purpose of election of directors and for such other business as may lawfully come before it, shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, or, if not so designated, then at 10:00 a. m. on May 31 in each year if a business day and not a legal holiday, and, if a legal holiday, at the same hour and place on the next succeeding business day not a holiday.
 
Section 2.3    Special Meetings.
 
Special Meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may be called, for any purpose or purposes, by the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Board of Directors at any time.
 
Section 2.4    Notice of Meetings.
 
(a)    Except as otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, written notice of each meeting of stockholders, specifying the place, if any, date and hour and purpose or purposes of the meeting, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, shall be given not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat, directed to his address as it appears upon the books of the corporation; except that where the matter to be acted on is a merger or consolidation of the Corporation or a sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of its assets, such notice shall be given not less than 20 nor more than 60 days prior to such meeting.
 
(b)    If at any meeting action is proposed to be taken which, if taken, would entitle shareholders fulfilling the requirements of section 262(d) of the Delaware General Corporation Law to an appraisal of the fair value of their shares, the notice of such meeting shall contain a statement of that purpose and to that effect and shall be accompanied by a copy of that statutory section.
 
(c)    When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time, place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting, are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken unless the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or unless after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, in which event a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
 
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(d)    Notice of the time, place and purpose of any meeting of stockholders may be waived in writing, either before or after such meeting, and, to the extent permitted by law, will be waived by any stockholder by his attendance thereat, in person or by proxy. Any stockholder so waiving notice of such meeting shall be bound by the proceedings of any such meeting in all respects as if due notice thereof had been given.
 
(e)    Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the corporation under any provision of Delaware General Corporation Law, the certificate of incorporation, or these bylaws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission. Notice given pursuant to this subparagraph (e) shall be deemed given: (1) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (2) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (3) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (A) such posting and (B) the giving of such separate notice; and (4) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder. An affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the corporation that the notice has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein. For purposes of these bylaws, “electronic transmission” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.
 
Section 2.5    Quorum and Voting.
 
(a)    At all meetings of stockholders except where otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the presence, in person or by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Shares, the voting of which at said meeting have been enjoined, or which for any reason cannot be lawfully voted at such meeting, shall not be counted to determine a quorum at said meeting. In the absence of a quorum, any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned, from time to time, by vote of the holders of a majority of the shares represented thereat, but no other business shall be transacted at such meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the original meeting. The stockholders present at a duly called or convened meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.
 
(b)    Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, all action taken by the holders of a majority of the voting power represented at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be valid and binding upon the corporation.
 
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Section 2.6    Voting Rights.
 
(a)    Except as otherwise provided by law, only persons in whose names shares entitled to vote stand on the stock records of the corporation on the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting shall be entitled to vote at such meeting. Shares standing in the names of two or more persons shall be voted or represented in accordance with the determination of the majority of such persons, or, if only one of such persons is present in person or represented by proxy, such person shall have the right to vote such shares and such shares shall be deemed to be represented for the purpose of determining a quorum.
 
(b)    Every person entitled to vote or to execute consents shall have the right to do so either in person or by an agent or agents authorized by a written proxy executed by such person or his duly authorized agent, which proxy shall be filed with the Secretary of the corporation at or before the meeting at which it is to be used. Said proxy so appointed need not be a stockholder. No proxy shall be voted on after three (3) years from its date unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Unless and until voted, every proxy shall be revocable at the pleasure of the person who executed it or of his legal representatives or assigns, except in those cases where an irrevocable proxy permitted by statute has been given.
 
(c)    Without limiting the manner in which a stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for him as proxy pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, the following shall constitute a valid means by which a stockholder may grant such authority:
 
(1)    A stockholder may execute a writing authorizing another person or persons to act for him as proxy. Execution may be accomplished by the stockholder or his authorized officer, director, employee or agent signing such writing or causing his or her signature to be affixed to such writing by any reasonable means including, but not limited to, by facsimile signature.
 
(2)    A stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for him as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of a telephone, telegram, cablegram, email or other means of electronic transmission to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy to receive such transmission, provided that any such telephone, telegram, cablegram, email or other means of electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the telephone, telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder. Such authorization can be established by the signature of the stockholder on the proxy, either in writing or by a signature stamp or facsimile signature, or by a number or symbol from which the identity of the stockholder can be determined, or by any other procedure deemed appropriate by the inspectors or other persons making the determination as to due authorization.
 
(3)    If it is determined that such telegrams, cablegrams, emails or other electronic transmissions are valid, the inspectors or, if there are no inspectors, such other persons making that determination shall specify the information upon which they relied.
 
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(d)    Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the writing or transmission created pursuant to subsection (c) of this section may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for any and all purposes for which the original writing or transmission could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission.
 
Section 2.7    Voting Procedures and Inspectors of Elections.
 
(a)    The corporation shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. The corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his ability.
 
(b)    The inspectors shall (i) ascertain the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, (ii) determine the shares represented at a meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, and (v) certify their determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting and their count of all votes and ballots. The inspectors may appoint or retain other persons or entities to assist the inspectors in the performance of the duties of the inspectors.
 
(c)    The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the person presiding over the meeting. The board of directors may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the board of directors, the person presiding over any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and to adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such presiding person, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the board of directors or prescribed by the presiding person of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the presiding person of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. The presiding person at any meeting of stockholders, in addition to making any other determinations that may be appropriate to the conduct of the meeting, shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a matter or business was not properly brought before the meeting and if such presiding person should so determine, such presiding person shall so declare to the meeting and any such matter or business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted or considered. Unless and to the extent determined by the board of directors or the person presiding over the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
 
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(d)    In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots, the inspectors shall be limited to an examination of the proxies, any envelopes submitted with those proxies, any information provided in accordance with Sections 211(e) or 212(c)(2) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or any information provided pursuant to Section 211(a)(2)(B)(i) or (iii) thereof, ballots and the regular books and records of the corporation, except that the inspectors may consider other reliable information for the limited purpose of reconciling proxies and ballots submitted by or on behalf of banks, brokers, their nominees or similar persons which represent more votes than the holder of a proxy is authorized by the record owner to cast or more votes than the stockholder holds of record. If the inspectors consider other reliable information for the limited purpose permitted herein, the inspectors at the time they make their certification pursuant to subsection (b) (v) of this section shall specify the precise information considered by them including the person or persons from whom they obtained the information, when the information was obtained, the means by which the information was obtained and the basis for the inspectors’ belief that such information is accurate and reliable.
 
Section 2.8    List of Stockholders.
 
The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. The corporation need not include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting: (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours at the principal place of business of the corporation. In the event that the corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.
 
Section 2.9    Stockholder Proposals at Annual Meetings.
 
At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder. In addition to any other applicable requirements for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To be timely a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than 120 days nor more than 180 days prior to the date on which the corporation first mailed its proxy materials for the previous year’s annual meeting of stockholders (or the date on which the corporation mails its proxy materials for the current year if during the prior year the corporation did not hold an annual meeting or if the date of the annual meeting was changed more than 30 days from the prior year). A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii) the name and record address of the stockholder proposing such business, (iii) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder, and (iv) any material interest of the stockholder in such business.
 
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Notwithstanding anything in the Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at the annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 2.1 and this Section 2.9 , provided, however, that nothing in this Section 2.9 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any business properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with said procedure.
 
The Chairman of an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.1 and this Section 2.9 , and if he should so determine he shall so declare to the meeting, and any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.
 
Nothing in this Section 2.9 shall affect the right of a stockholder to request inclusion of a proposal in the corporation’s proxy statement to the extent that such right is provided by an applicable rule of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
Section 2.10    Nominations of Persons for Election to the Board of Directors.
 
In addition to any other applicable requirements, only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation may be made at a meeting of stockholders by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, by any nominating committee or person appointed by the Board of Directors or by any stockholder of the corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors at the meeting who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.10 . Such nominations, other than those made by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation, not less than 80 days nor more than 120 days prior to the date on which the corporation first mailed its proxy materials for the previous year’s annual meeting of shareholders (or the date on which the corporation mails its proxy materials for the current year if during the prior year the corporation did not hold an annual meeting or if the date of the annual meeting was changed more than 30 days from the prior year). Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director, (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of the person, (iii) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by the person, and (iv) any other information relating to the person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations for proxies for election of directors pursuant to Rule 14a under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice, (i) the name and record address of the stockholder, and (ii) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder. The corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the corporation. No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth herein. These provisions shall not apply to nomination of any persons entitled to be separately elected by holders of preferred stock.
 
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The Chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedure, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
 
Section 2.11    Action Without Meeting.
 
Any action that is required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders may be effected by written consent of the stockholders in lieu of a meeting of stockholders.
 
ARTICLE 3
 
DIRECTORS
 
Section 3.1    Number and Term of Office.
 
The number of directors of the corporation shall not be less than five (5) nor more than nine (9) until changed by amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation or by a Bylaw amending this Section 3.1 duly adopted in accordance with ARTICLE 11 hereof. The exact number of directors shall be fixed from time to time, within the limits specified in the Certificate of Incorporation or in this Section 3.1 , by the Board of Directors or by a bylaw or amendment thereof duly adopted in accordance with ARTICLE 11 hereof. Subject to the foregoing provisions for changing the number of directors, the number of directors of the corporation has been fixed at five (5).
 
Section 3.2    Powers.
 
The powers of the corporation shall be exercised, its business conducted and its property controlled by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.
 
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Section 3.3    Vacancies.
 
Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and each director so elected shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the director whose place shall be vacant and until his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified. A vacancy in the Board of Directors shall be deemed to exist under this section in the case of the death, removal or resignation of any director, or if the stockholders fail at any meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected (including any meeting referred to in Section 3.4 below) to elect the number of directors then constituting the whole Board.
 
Section 3.4    Resignations and Removals.
 
(a)    Any director may resign at any time by delivering his resignation to the Secretary in writing or by electronic transmission, such resignation to specify whether it will be effective at a particular time, upon receipt by the Secretary or at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. If no such specification is made it shall be deemed effective at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. When one or more directors shall resign from the Board effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the director whose place shall be vacated and until his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.
 
(b)    At a special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose in the manner hereinabove provided, the Board of Directors or any individual director may be removed from office, with or without cause, and a new director or directors elected by a vote of stockholders holding a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors.
 
Section 3.5    Meetings.
 
(a)    The annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held immediately after the annual stockholders’ meeting and at the place where such meeting is held or at the place announced by the Chairman at such meeting. No notice of an annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be necessary, and such meeting shall be held for the purpose of electing officers and transacting such other business as may lawfully come before it.
 
(b)    Except as hereinafter otherwise provided, regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held in the office of the corporation required to be maintained pursuant to Section 1.2 of ARTICLE 1 hereof. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may also be held at any place, within or without the State of Delaware, which has been designated by resolutions of the Board of Directors or the written consent of all directors.
 
(c)    Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time and place within or without the State of Delaware whenever called by the Chairman of the Board or, if there is no Chairman of the Board, by the President, or by any of the directors.
 
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(d)    Written notice of the time and place of all regular and special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be delivered personally to each director or sent by telegram or facsimile transmission or other form of electronic transmission at least 24 hours before the start of the meeting, or sent by first class mail at least 120 hours before the start of the meeting. Notice of any meeting may be waived in writing at any time before or after the meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat.
 
Section 3.6    Quorum and Voting.
 
(a)    A quorum of the Board of Directors shall consist of a majority of the exact number of directors fixed from time to time in accordance with Section 3.1 of ARTICLE 3 of these Bylaws, but not less than one; provided, however, at any meeting whether a quorum be present or otherwise, a majority of the directors present may adjourn from time to time until the time fixed for the next regular meeting of the Board of Directors, without notice other than by announcement at the meeting.
 
(b)    At each meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present, all questions and business shall be determined by a vote of a majority of the directors present, unless a different vote be required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws.
 
(c)    Any member of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting by means of conference telephone or other communication equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
 
(d)    The transactions of any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, however called or noticed, or wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice if a quorum be present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present shall sign a written waiver of notice, or a consent to holding such meeting, or an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents or approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.
 
Section 3.7    Action Without Meeting.
 
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and such writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.
 
Section 3.8    Fees and Compensation.
 
Directors and members of committees may receive such compensation, if any, for their services, and such reimbursement for expenses, as may be fixed or determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.
 
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Section 3.9    Committees.
 
(a)    Executive Committee: The Board of Directors may appoint an Executive Committee of not less than one member, each of whom shall be a director. The Executive Committee, to the extent permitted by law, shall have and may exercise when the Board of Directors is not in session all powers of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, except such committee shall not have the power or authority to amend these Bylaws or to approve or recommend to the stockholders any action which must be submitted to stockholders for approval under the General Corporation Law.
 
(b)    Other Committees: The Board of Directors may, from time to time appoint such other committees as may be permitted by law. Such other committees appointed by the Board of Directors shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the resolution or resolutions creating such committee, but in no event shall any such committee have the powers denied to the Executive Committee in these Bylaws.
 
(c)    Term: The members of all committees of the Board of Directors shall serve a term coexistent with that of the Board of Directors which shall have appointed such committee. The Board, subject to the provisions of subsections (a) or (b) of this Section 3.8 , may at any time increase or decrease the number of members of a committee or terminate the existence of a committee; provided that no committee shall consist of less than one member. The membership of a committee member shall terminate on the date of his death or voluntary resignation, but the Board may at any time for any reason remove any individual committee member and the Board may fill any committee vacancy created by death, resignation, removal or increase in the number of members of the committee. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee, and, in addition, in the absence or disqualification of any member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.
 
(d)    Meetings: Unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide, regular meetings of the Executive Committee or any other committee appointed pursuant to this Section 3.8 shall be held at such times and places as are determined by the Board of Directors, or by any such committee, and when notice thereof has been given to each member of such committee, no further notice of such regular meetings need be given thereafter; special meetings of any such committee may be held at the principal office of the corporation required to be maintained pursuant to Section 1.2 of ARTICLE 1 hereof; or at any place which has been designated from time to time by resolution of such committee or by written consent of all members thereof, and may be called by any director who is a member of such committee upon written notice to the members of such committee of the time and place of such special meeting given in the manner provided for the giving of written notice to members of the Board of Directors of the time and place of special meetings of the Board of Directors. Notice of any special meeting of any committee may be waived in writing at any time after the meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat. A majority of the authorized number of members of any such committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of those present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of such committee.
 
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ARTICLE 4
 
OFFICERS
 
Section 4.1    Officers Designated.
 
The officers of the corporation shall be a Chief Executive Officer, who shall be the President of the corporation, a Chief Financial Officer, who shall be the Treasurer of the corporation, a Secretary and a Chief Operating Officer. The Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may also appoint a Chairman of the Board, one or more Vice-Presidents, assistant secretaries, assistant treasurers, and such other officers and agents with such powers and duties as it or he shall deem necessary. The order of the seniority of the Vice- Presidents shall be in the order of their nomination unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may assign such additional titles to one or more of the officers as they shall deem appropriate. Any one person may hold any number of offices of the corporation at any one time unless specifically prohibited therefrom by law. The salaries and other compensation of the officers of the corporation shall be fixed by or in the manner designated by the Board of Directors.
 
Section 4.2    Tenure and Duties of Officers.
 
(a)    General: All officers shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and until their successors shall have been duly elected and qualified, unless sooner removed. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors. If the office of any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by the Board of Directors. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be construed as creating any kind of contractual right to employment with the corporation.
 
(b)    Duties of the Chairman of the Board of Directors: The Chairman of the Board of Directors (if there be such an officer appointed) when present shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time.
 
(c)    Duties of Chief Executive Officer (President): The Chief Executive Officer shall be the President of the corporation and shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and at all meetings of the Board of Directors, unless the Chairman of the Board of Directors has been appointed and is present. The Chief Executive Officer shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time.
 
(d)    Duties of Chief Financial Officer (Treasurer): The Chief Financial Officer shall be the Treasurer of the corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall keep or cause to be kept the books of account of the corporation in a thorough and proper manner, and shall render statements of the financial affairs of the corporation in such form and as often as required by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Financial Officer, subject to the order of the Board of Directors, shall have the custody of all funds and securities of the corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform all other duties commonly incident to his office and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer shall designate from time to time. The Chief Executive Officer may direct any assistant treasurer to assume and perform such duties in the absence or disability of the Chief Financial Officer, and each assistant treasurer shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer shall designate from time to time.
 
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(e)    Duties of Secretary: The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors and any committee thereof, and shall record all acts and proceedings thereof in the minute book of the corporation, which may be maintained in either paper or electronic form. The Secretary shall give notice, in conformity with these Bylaws, of all meetings of the stockholders and of all meetings of the Board of Directors and any Committee thereof requiring notice. The Secretary shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time. The Chief Executive Officer may direct any assistant secretary to assume and perform the duties of the Secretary in the absence or disability of the Secretary, and each assistant secretary shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer shall designate from time to time.
 
(f)    Duties of Chief Operating Officer . The Chief Operating Officer shall perform all duties commonly incident to his office and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer shall designate from time to time.
 
ARTICLE 5
 
EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS, AND
VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION
 
Section 5.1    Execution of Corporate Instruments.
 
(a)    The Board of Directors may in its discretion determine the method and designate the signatory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to execute any corporate instrument or document, or to sign the corporate name without limitation, except where otherwise provided by law, and such execution or signature shall be binding upon the corporation.
 
(b)    Unless otherwise specifically determined by the Board of Directors or otherwise required by law, formal contracts of the corporation, promissory notes, deeds of trust, mortgages and other evidences of indebtedness of the corporation, and other corporate instruments or documents requiring the corporate seal, and certificates of shares of stock owned by the corporation, shall be executed, signed or endorsed by the Chairman of the Board (if there be such an officer appointed) or by the President; such documents may also be executed by any Vice-President and by the Secretary or Treasurer or any assistant secretary or assistant treasurer. All other instruments and documents requiring the corporate signature but not requiring the corporate seal may be executed as aforesaid or in such other manner as may be directed by the Board of Directors.
 
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(c)    All checks and drafts drawn on banks or other depositaries on funds to the credit of the corporation or in special accounts of the corporation shall be signed by such person or persons as the Board of Directors shall authorize so to do.
 
(d)    Execution of any corporate instrument may be effected in such form, either manual, facsimile or electronic signature, as may be authorized by the Board of Directors.
 
Section 5.2    Voting of Securities Owned by Corporation.
 
All stock and other securities of other corporations owned or held by the corporation for itself or for other parties in any capacity shall be voted, and all proxies with respect thereto shall be executed, by the person authorized so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors or, in the absence of such authorization, by the Chairman of the Board (if there be such an officer appointed), or by the President, or by any Vice-President.
 
ARTICLE 6
 
SHARES OF STOCK
 
Section 6.1    Form and Execution of Certificates.
 
The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the corporation. Certificates for the shares of stock of the corporation shall be in such form as is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law. Every holder of stock in the corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the corporation by, the Chairman of the Board (if there be such an officer appointed), or by the President or any Vice-President and by the Treasurer or assistant treasurer or the Secretary or assistant secretary, certifying the number of shares owned by him in the corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue. If the corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, provided that, except as otherwise provided in section 202 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.
 
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Section 6.2    Lost Certificates.
 
The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to indemnify the corporation in such manner as it shall require and/or to give the corporation a surety bond in such form and amount as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost or destroyed.
 
Section 6.3    Transfers.
 
Transfers of record of shares of stock of the corporation shall be made only upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by attorney duly authorized, and upon the surrender of a certificate or certificates for a like number of shares, properly endorsed.
 
Section 6.4    Fixing Record Dates.
 
(a)    In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the date on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
 
(b)    In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
 
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Section 6.5    Registered Stockholders.
 
The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and to vote as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.
 
ARTICLE 7
 
OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION
 
All bonds, debentures and other corporate securities of the corporation, other than stock certificates, may be signed by the Chairman of the Board (if there be such an officer appointed), or the President or any Vice-President or such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors and the corporate seal impressed thereon or a facsimile of such seal imprinted thereon and attested by the signature of the Secretary or an assistant secretary, or the Treasurer or an assistant treasurer; provided, however, that where any such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be authenticated by the manual signature of a trustee under an indenture pursuant to which such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be issued, the signature of the persons signing and attesting the corporate seal on such bond, debenture or other corporate security may be the imprinted facsimile of the signatures of such persons. Interest coupons appertaining to any such bond, debenture or other corporate security, authenticated by a trustee as aforesaid, shall be signed by the Treasurer or an assistant treasurer of the corporation, or such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors, or bear imprinted thereon the facsimile signature of such person. In case any officer who shall have signed or attested any bond, debenture or other corporate security, or whose facsimile signature shall appear thereon has ceased to be an officer of the corporation before the bond, debenture or other corporate security so signed or attested shall have been delivered, such bond, debenture or other corporate security nevertheless may be adopted by the corporation and issued and delivered as though the person who signed the same or whose facsimile signature shall have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer of the corporation.
 
ARTICLE 8
 
CORPORATE SEAL
 
The corporate seal shall consist of a die bearing the name of the corporation and the state and date of its incorporation. Said seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
 
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ARTICLE 9
 
INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS
 
Section 9.1    Right to Indemnification.
 
Each person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved (as a party, witness, or otherwise), in any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative (hereinafter a “Proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he, or a person of whom he is the legal representative, is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of the Proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee, or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee, or agent (hereafter an “Agent”), shall be indemnified and held harmless by the corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended or interpreted (but, in the case of any such amendment or interpretation, only to the extent that such amendment or interpretation permits the corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than were permitted prior thereto) against all expenses, liability, and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties, and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, and any interest, assessments, or other charges imposed thereon, and any federal, state, local, or foreign taxes imposed on any Agent as a result of the actual or deemed receipt of any payments under this Article) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection with investigating, defending, being a witness in, or participating in (including on appeal), or preparing for any of the foregoing in, any Proceeding (hereinafter “Expenses”); provided, however , that except as to actions to enforce indemnification rights pursuant to Section 9.3 of this Article, the corporation shall indemnify any Agent seeking indemnification in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if the Proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the corporation. The right to indemnification conferred in this Article shall be a contract right.
 
Section 9.2    Authority to Advance Expenses.
 
Expenses incurred by an officer or director (acting in his capacity as such) in defending a Proceeding shall be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding, provided, however, that if required by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended, such Expenses shall be advanced only upon delivery to the corporation of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized in this Article or otherwise. Expenses incurred by other Agents of the corporation (or by the directors or officers not acting in their capacity as such, including service with respect to employee benefit plans) may be advanced upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors deems appropriate. Any obligation to reimburse the corporation for Expense advances shall be unsecured and no interest shall be charged thereon.
 
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Section 9.3    Right of Claimant to Bring Suit.
 
If a claim under Section 9.1 or Section 9.2 of this Article is not paid in full by the corporation within 60 days after a written claim has been received by the corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant shall be entitled to be paid also the expense (including attorneys’ fees) of prosecuting such claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending a Proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking has been tendered to the corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct that make it permissible under the Delaware General Corporation Law for the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed. The burden of proving such a defense shall be on the corporation. Neither the failure of the corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper under the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant had not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.
 
Section 9.4    Provisions Nonexclusive.
 
The rights conferred on any person by this Article shall not be exclusive of any other rights that such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise, both as to action in an official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office. To the extent that any provision of the Certificate, agreement, or vote of the stockholders or disinterested directors is inconsistent with these bylaws, the provision, agreement, or vote shall take precedence.
 
Section 9.5    Authority to Insure.
 
The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance to protect itself and any Agent against any Expense, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the Agent against such Expense under applicable law or the provisions of this Article.
 
Section 9.6    Survival of Rights.
 
The rights provided by this Article shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be an Agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, and administrators of such a person.
 
Section 9.7    Settlement of Claims.
 
The corporation shall not be liable to indemnify any Agent under this Article (a) for any amounts paid in settlement of any action or claim effected without the corporation’s written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; or (b) for any judicial award if the corporation was not given a reasonable and timely opportunity, at its expense, to participate in the defense of such action.
 
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Section 9.8    Effect of Amendment.
 
Any amendment, repeal, or modification of this Article shall not adversely affect any right or protection of any Agent existing at the time of such amendment, repeal, or modification.
 
Section 9.9    Subrogation.
 
In the event of payment under this Article, the corporation shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the Agent, who shall execute all papers required and shall do everything that may be necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents necessary to enable the corporation effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.
 
Section 9.10    No Duplication of Payments.
 
The corporation shall not be liable under this Article to make any payment in connection with any claim made against the Agent to the extent the Agent has otherwise actually received payment (under any insurance policy, agreement, vote, or otherwise) of the amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder.
 
ARTICLE 10
 
NOTICES
 
Whenever, under any provisions of these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any stockholder, the same shall be given either (1) in writing, timely and duly deposited in the United States Mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to his last known post office address as shown by the stock record of the corporation or its transfer agent, or (2) by a means of electronic transmission that satisfies the requirements of Section 2.4(e) of these Bylaws. Any notice required to be given to any director may be given by either of the methods hereinabove stated, except that such notice other than one which is delivered personally, shall be sent to such address or (in the case of electronic communication) such e-mail address, facsimile telephone number or other form of electronic address as such director shall have filed in writing or by electronic communication with the Secretary of the corporation, or, in the absence of such filing, to the last known post office address of such director. If no address of a stockholder or director be known, such notice may be sent to the office of the corporation required to be maintained pursuant to Section 1.2 of ARTICLE 1 hereof. An affidavit of mailing, executed by a duly authorized and competent employee of the corporation or its transfer agent appointed with respect to the class of stock affected, specifying the name and address or the names and addresses of the stockholder or stockholders, director or directors, to whom any such notice or notices was or were given, and the time and method of giving the same, shall be conclusive evidence of the statements therein contained. All notices given by mail, as above provided, shall be deemed to have been given as at the time of mailing and all notices given by means of electronic transmission shall be deemed to have been given as at the sending time recorded by the electronic transmission equipment operator transmitting the same. It shall not be necessary that the same method of giving notice be employed in respect of all directors, but one permissible method may be employed in respect of any one or more, and any other permissible method or methods may be employed in respect of any other or others. The period or limitation of time within which any stockholder may exercise any option or right, or enjoy any privilege or benefit, or be required to act, or within which any director may exercise any power or right, or enjoy any privilege, pursuant to any notice sent him in the manner above provided, shall not be affected or extended in any manner by the failure of such a stockholder or such director to receive such notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of the statutes or of the Certificate of Incorporation, or of these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Whenever notice is required to be given, under any provision of law or of the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the corporation, to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or agency for a license or permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. In the event that the action taken by the corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate under any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that notice was given to all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom communication is unlawful.
 
19

 
ARTICLE 11
 
AMENDMENTS
 
These Bylaws may be repealed, altered or amended or new Bylaws adopted at any meeting of the stockholders, either annual or special, by the affirmative vote of 66 2/3% of the stock entitled to vote at such meeting, unless a larger vote is required by these Bylaws or the Certificate of Incorporation. The Board of Directors shall also have the authority to repeal, alter or amend these Bylaws or adopt new Bylaws (including, without limitation, the amendment of any Bylaws setting forth the number of directors who shall constitute the whole Board of Directors) by written consent or at any annual, regular, or special meeting by the affirmative vote of a majority of the whole number of directors, subject to the power of the stockholders to change or repeal such Bylaws and provided that the Board of Directors shall not make or alter any Bylaws fixing the qualifications, classifications, or term of office of directors.
 
20

 
CERTIFICATE OF SECRETARY
 
The undersigned Secretary of Combimatrix Corporation, a Delaware corporation, hereby certifies that the foregoing is a full, true and correct copy of the Amended and Restated Bylaws of said corporation, with all amendments to date of this Certificate.
 
WITNESS the signature of the undersigned this 28th day of November, 2006.
 
     /s/ Scott Burell                                                           
          Scott Burell, Secretary  
 
 
 
 
21
Exhibit 5.1
 
December 26, 2006


Board of Directors
Combimatrix Corporation
6500 Harbour Heights Parkway
Suite 301
Mukilteo, WA 98275
 
Re:   CombiMatrix Corporation Registration Statement on Form S-1 to be Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about December 27, 2006
 
Gentlemen:
 
This opinion is furnished to you in connection with the above-referenced registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”), to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), for the registration of the redemption of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock (“AR-CombiMatrix Stock”) in exchange for common stock of CombiMatrix Corporation (the “Registrant”) pursuant to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Acacia Research Corporation.
 
We have acted as counsel for the Registrant in connection with the Registration Statement. For purposes of this opinion, we have assumed, without independent verification or investigation, that each instrument has been duly and validly authorized, executed, and delivered by each of the parties thereto, the genuineness of all of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, and conformity with the authentic originals of all documents submitted to us as copies. In rendering the opinions included herein, we have relied upon the factual representations made by the Registrant.
 
We express no opinion as to any jurisdiction other than federal securities laws and the Delaware General Corporation Law (including, to the extent applicable, Delaware statutory and constitutional provisions and reported case law).
 
Based on the foregoing, and subject to the qualifications and assumptions stated herein, we are of the opinion that when issued and transferred in the manner referred to in the Registration Statement, the Securities issued thereby will be legally and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
 
The opinions contained in this opinion letter merely constitute expressions of my reasoned professional judgment regarding the matters of law addressed herein and neither are intended nor should they be construed as a prediction or guarantee that any court or other public or governmental authority will reach any particular result or conclusion as to the matters of law addressed herein.
 
The opinions expressed herein are written as of and relate solely to the date hereof and are rendered exclusively for the benefit of the Registrant and its stockholders in connection with the Registration. We assume no obligation to advise you of facts, circumstances, events or developments which hereafter may be brought to our attention and which may alter, affect or modify the opinions expressed herein.
 
We hereby consent to use this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name therein and in the related prospectus under the caption “Legal Matters.” In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act, or the Rules and Regulations of the SEC thereunder.
 
It is understood that this opinion is to be used only in connection with the offer and sale of the Securities while the Registration Statement is in effect.
 
Very truly yours,
 
/s/ Dennis J. Rasor
 
EXHIBIT 10.1

 



 
TAX ALLOCATION AGREEMENT
 
by and between
 
ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
 
and
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
 
 
 
December 21, 2006
 

 

 

 

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Page
 
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS  
  1
Section 1.01       General  
  1
Section 1.02       Schedules, etc  
  6
   
ARTICLE II FILING OF TAX RETURNS; PAYMENT OF TAXES; REFUNDS  
  6
Section 2.01       Preparation of Tax Returns  
  6
Section 2.02       Payment of Taxes  
  8
Section 2.03       Tax Refunds and Carrybacks  
  10
Section 2.04       Allocation of Straddle Period Taxes  
  11
   
ARTICLE III TAX INDEMNIFICATION; TAX CONTESTS  
  12
Section 3.01       Indemnification  
  12
Section 3.02       CombiMatrix Tax Acts  
  13
Section 3.03       Notice of Indemnity  
  14
Section 3.04       Payments  
  14
Section 3.05       Tax Contests  
  16
   
ARTICLE IV OPTIONS; COMPENSATION PAYMENTS; INTEREST CHARGE FOR LATE PAYMENTS; CURRENCY CALCULATIONS;
EFFECTIVE TIME OF TRANSACTIONS  
  16
Section 4.01       Stock Options; Restricted Shares  
  16
Section 4.02       Compensation Payments
  18
Section 4.03       Change in Law
  18
Section 4.04       Interest Charge for Late Payments
  18
Section 4.05       Currency Calculations
  19
Section 4.06       Effective Time of Transaction
  19
   
ARTICLE V COOPERATION AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION  
  19
Section 5.01       Inconsistent Actions
  19
Section 5.02       Cooperation and Exchange of Information
  19
Section 5.03       Tax Records
  20
   
ARTICLE VI MISCELLANEOUS  
  20
Section 6.01       Entire Agreement; Construction
  20
Section 6.02       Effectiveness
  21
Section 6.03       Survival of Agreements
  21
Section 6.04       Governing Law
  21
Section 6.05       Notices
  21
Section 6.06       Amendments
  21
Section 6.07       Successors and Assigns
  21
Section 6.08       Captions; Currency
  21
Section 6.09       Severability
  21
Section 6.10       Parties in Interest
  22
 
i

 
Section 6.11       Schedules
  22
Section 6.12       Termination
  22
Section 6.13       Waivers; Remedies
  22
Section 6.14       Counterparts
  22
Section 6.15       Performance
  22
Section 6.16       Interpretation
  22
Section 6.17       Dispute Resolution
  23
 
SCHEDULE 1.01
 
COMBIMATRIX TAX GROUP MEMBERS
 
SCHEDULE 2.01(f)
 
TAX RETURNS TO BE FILED BY NON-RESPONSIBLE PARTY
 
SCHEDULE 3.02(a)
 
COMBIMATRIX TAX ACT
 
SCHEDULE 3.02(b)
 
COMBIMATRIX TAX REPRESENTATION LETTER
 
SCHEDULE 3.02(c)
PRE-DISTRIBUTION TAX-FREE TRANSACTIONS



ii

 
TAX ALLOCATION AGREEMENT
 
THIS TAX ALLOCATION AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is made and entered into as of December 21, 2006, by and between ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (“ Acacia ”), and COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation and, as of the date hereof, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Acacia (“ CombiMatrix ”).
 
RECITALS
 
A.    The Acacia Board (as defined herein) has determined that it is appropriate and desirable, subject to the terms and conditions contained in the Distribution Agreement by and between Acacia and CombiMatrix dated as of the date hereof (“ Distribution Agreement ”) for Acacia to distribute on a pro rata basis to holders of shares of CBMX Tracking Stock (as defined herein) the outstanding shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock (as defined herein) owned by Acacia.
 
B.    Acacia and CombiMatrix wish to provide for and agree upon the allocation between the Acacia Tax Group (as defined herein) and the CombiMatrix Tax Group (as defined herein) of all responsibilities, liabilities and benefits relating to or affecting Taxes (as defined herein) paid or payable by either of them for all taxable periods, whether beginning before, on or after the Distribution Date (as defined herein).
 
AGREEMENT
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and of the respective agreements contained in this Agreement, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:
 
ARTICLE I
 
DEFINITIONS
 
Section 1.01    General . As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings (such meanings to be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined). Any capitalized term not otherwise defined in this Agreement shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the Distribution Agreement.
 
Acacia ” shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in the preamble.
 
Acacia Board ” shall mean the Board of Directors of Acacia or a duly authorized committee thereof.
 
Acacia Business ” shall have the meaning ascribed thereto that term in the Distribution Agreement.
 
Acacia/CombiMatrix Tax Group ” shall mean any corporation or other legal entity which is a member of the Acacia Tax Group or the CombiMatrix Tax Group but only with respect to taxable periods (or portions thereof) ending on or before or including the Distribution Date.
 

 
Acacia Group Employees and Former Employees ” shall mean individuals (i) who are employees of any member of the Acacia Tax Group on the date of the event giving rise to a deduction in respect of any Compensation Payments made to such individuals or Stock Options or Restricted Stock held by such individuals, or (ii) whose most recent employment with any member of the Acacia Tax Group or the CombiMatrix Tax Group prior to such date was more closely associated with the Acacia Business or some other business rather than the CombiMatrix Business.
 
Acacia Restricted Stock ” shall mean shares of CBMX Tracking Stock subject to restrictions on transferability and subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture.
 
Acacia Tax Group ” shall mean (i) Acacia, (ii) any corporation or other legal entity which Acacia directly or indirectly owns immediately following the Distribution Date other than a member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group, and (iii) any other corporation or other legal entity which Acacia directly or indirectly owned at any time prior to the Distribution Date (but only with respect to the period such corporation or other entity was so owned by Acacia) other than a member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group.
 
Actually Realized ” shall mean, for purposes of determining the timing of any Taxes (or related Tax cost or benefit) relating to any payment, transaction, occurrence or event, the time at which the amount of Taxes (including estimated Taxes) payable by any person is increased above or reduced below, as the case may be, the amount of Taxes that such person would be required to pay but for the payment, transaction, occurrence or event.
 
CBMX Tracking Stock ” shall mean the Acacia Research-CombiMatrix Common, par value of $0.001 per share, of Acacia.
 
CBMX Stock Options ” shall mean options to acquire CBMX Tracking Stock.
 
Code ” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any successor legislation.
 
CombiMatrix ” shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in the preamble.
 
CombiMatrix Business ” shall have the meaning ascribed thereto that term in the Distribution Agreement.
 
CombiMatrix Common Stock ” shall mean the Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of CombiMatrix.
 
CombiMatrix Common Stock Options ” shall mean options to acquire CombiMatrix Common Stock.
 
CombiMatrix Group Employees and Former Employees ” shall mean individuals (i) who are employees of any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group on the date of the event giving rise to a deduction in respect of any Compensation Payments made to such individuals or Stock Options held by such individuals or (ii) whose most recent employment with any member of the Acacia Tax Group or the CombiMatrix Tax Group prior to such date was more closely associated with the CombiMatrix Business or some other business rather than the Acacia Business.
 
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CombiMatrix Tax Act ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(a).
 
CombiMatrix Tax Group ” shall mean (i) CombiMatrix and (ii) any corporation or other legal entity set forth on Schedule 1.01.
 
CombiMatrix Tax Representation Letter ” shall mean the letter delivered by CombiMatrix to Acacia on the Distribution Date, substantially in the form set forth in Schedule 3.02(b).
 
Compensation Payments ” shall mean all non-qualified employee benefit plan and welfare benefit plan payments made under the Employee Matters Agreement dated the date hereof by and between Acacia and CombiMatrix.
 
Distribution ” shall mean the distribution of the CombiMatrix Common Stock on a pro rata basis to holders of CBMX Tracking Stock on the Distribution Date pursuant to the Distribution Agreement.
 
Distribution Agreement ” shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in Recital A of this Agreement.
 
Distribution Transaction ” shall mean any transaction undertaken in connection with the Distribution.
 
Distribution Date ” shall mean the date on which the Distribution occurs (or, if different, the date on which the Distribution is deemed to occur for U.S. federal Income Tax purposes). For purposes of this Agreement, the Distribution shall be deemed effective as of 5:00 p.m. (Pacific Standard Time) on the Distribution Date.
 
Foreign Income Tax ” shall mean any Income Tax other than a U.S. federal, state or local Income Tax.
 
Foreign Income Tax Returns ” shall mean any Income Tax Return which is not a U.S. federal, state or local Income Tax Return.
 
Income Tax ” shall mean (a) any Tax based upon, measured by, or calculated with respect to (i) net income or profits (including, but not limited to, any capital gains, minimum Tax and any Tax on items of Tax preference, but not including sales, use, real or personal property, gross or net receipts, transfer or similar Taxes) or (ii) multiple bases (including, but not limited to, corporate franchise, doing business or occupation Taxes) if one or more of the bases upon which such Tax may be based, measured by, or calculated with respect to, is described in clause (i) above, or (b) any U.S. state or local franchise Tax; including in the case of each of (a) and (b) any related interest and any penalties, additions to such Tax or additional amounts imposed with respect thereto by any Tax Authority.
 
3

 
Income Tax Benefit ” shall mean for any taxable period the excess of (i) the hypothetical Income Tax liability of the taxpayer for the taxable period calculated as if the Timing Difference or Reverse Timing Difference, as the case may be, had not occurred but with all other facts unchanged, over (ii) the actual Income Tax liability of the taxpayer for the taxable period, calculated taking into account the Timing Difference or Reverse Timing Difference, as the case may be (treating an Income Tax refund or credit as a negative Income Tax liability for purposes of such calculation).
 
Income Tax Detriment ” shall mean for any taxable period the excess of (i) the actual Income Tax liability of the taxpayer for the taxable period, calculated taking into account the Timing Difference or Reverse Timing Difference, as the case may be, over (ii) the hypothetical Income Tax liability of the taxpayer for the taxable period, calculated as if the Timing Difference or Reverse Timing Difference, as the case may be, had not occurred but with all other facts unchanged (treating an Income Tax refund or credit as a negative Income Tax liability for purposes of such calculation).
 
Income Tax Return ” shall mean any Tax Return that relates to Income Taxes.
 
Indemnitee ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.03.
 
Indemnitor ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.03.
 
Indemnity Issue ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.03.
 
IRS ” shall mean the Internal Revenue Service.
 
Non-Income Tax ” shall mean any Tax other than an Income Tax.
 
Person ” shall mean any individual, partnership, joint venture, corporation, limited liability entity, trust, unincorporated organization or other entity (including a governmental entity).
 
Post-Distribution Taxable Period ” shall mean a taxable period beginning after the Distribution Date.
 
Post-Distribution Tax Act ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.01(a).
 
Post-Tax Indemnification Period ” shall mean any Post-Distribution Taxable Period and that portion of any Straddle Period that begins on the day after the Distribution Date.
 
Pre-Distribution Taxable Period ” shall mean a taxable period ending on or before the Distribution Date.
 
Restricted Stock ” shall mean CBMX Restricted Stock or CombiMatrix Restricted Stock.
 
Reverse Timing Difference ” shall mean an increase in income, gain or recapture, or a decrease in deduction, loss or credit, as calculated for Income Tax purposes, of the taxpayer for the Tax Indemnification Period coupled with an increase in deduction, loss or credit, or a decrease in income, gain or recapture, of the taxpayer for any Post-Tax Indemnification Period.
 
4

 
Rights ” shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in the Distribution Agreement.
 
Separation Agreements ” shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in the Distribution Agreement.
 
Stock Options ” shall mean CombiMatrix Common Stock Options or CBMX Tracking Stock Options.
 
Straddle Period ” shall mean a taxable period that includes but does not end on the Distribution Date.
 
Tax ” and “ Taxes ” shall mean all forms of taxation, whenever created or imposed, and whether of the United States or elsewhere, and whether imposed by a federal, state, municipal, governmental, territorial, local, foreign or other body, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, shall include net income, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use, value added, ad valorem, transfer, recording, franchise, profits, license, lease, service, service use, payroll, wage, withholding, employment, unemployment insurance, workers compensation, social security, excise, severance, stamp, business license, business organization, occupation, premium, property, environmental, windfall profits, customs, duties, alternative minimum, estimated or other taxes, fees, premiums, assessments or charges of any kind whatever imposed or collected by any governmental entity or political subdivision thereof, together with any related interest and any penalties, additions to such tax or additional amounts imposed with respect thereto by any Tax Authority.
 
Tax Authority ” shall mean, with respect to any Tax, any governmental entity, quasi-governmental body or political subdivision thereof that imposes such Tax and the agency (if any) charged with the determination or collection of such Tax for such entity, body or subdivision.
 
Tax Group ” shall mean the Acacia Tax Group or the CombiMatrix Tax Group, as the case may be.
 
Tax Indemnification Period ” shall mean any Pre-Distribution Taxable Period and that portion of any Straddle Period that ends on the Distribution Date.
 
Tax Return ” shall mean any return, filing, questionnaire, information return, election or other document required or permitted to be filed, including requests for extensions of time, filings made with respect to estimated tax payments, claims for refund and amended returns that may be filed, for any period with any Tax Authority (whether domestic or foreign) in connection with any Tax (whether or not a payment is required to be made with respect to such filing).
 
Timing Difference ” means an increase in income, gain or recapture, or a decrease in deduction, loss or credit, as calculated for Income Tax purposes, of the taxpayer for any Post-Tax Indemnification Period coupled with an increase in deduction, loss or credit, or a decrease in income, gain or recapture, of the taxpayer for the Tax Indemnification Period.
 
5

 
Section 1.02    Schedules, etc . References to a “ Schedule ” are, unless otherwise specified, to a Schedule attached to this Agreement; references to “ Section ” or “ Article ” are, unless otherwise specified, to one of the Sections or Articles of this Agreement; references to “ sub-section ” are, unless the context otherwise requires, references to the section in which the reference appears; and references to this Agreement include the Schedules.
 
ARTICLE II
 
FILING OF TAX RETURNS; PAYMENT OF TAXES; REFUNDS
 
Section 2.01    Preparation of Tax Returns .
 
(a)    United States Federal Income Tax Returns .
 
(i)    Acacia shall prepare and file or cause to be prepared and filed all U.S. federal Income Tax Returns (including amendments thereto) which are required to be filed in respect of (A) a member of the Acacia/CombiMatrix Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Taxable Period or Straddle Period or (B) a member of the Acacia Tax Group for any Post-Distribution Taxable Period. CombiMatrix hereby irrevocably designates, and agrees to cause each of its affiliates to so designate, Acacia as its agent to take any and all actions necessary or incidental to the preparation and filing of such U.S. federal Income Tax Returns of Acacia’s affiliated group.
 
(ii)    All U.S. federal Income Tax Returns (including amendments thereto) required to be filed in respect of a member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group which are not the responsibility of the Acacia Tax Group are the responsibility of the CombiMatrix Tax Group.
 
(b)    United States State and Local Income Tax Returns .
 
(i)    Acacia shall prepare and file or cause to be prepared and filed all U.S. state and local Income Tax Returns (including amendments thereto) which are required to be filed in respect of (A) a member of the Acacia/CombiMatrix Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Taxable Period or Straddle Period including consolidated, combined and unitary Tax Returns including a member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group, (B) any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Period or Straddle Period in which it conducts or has conducted both an Acacia business and a CombiMatrix business or (C) a member of the Acacia Tax Group for any Post-Distribution Taxable Period. CombiMatrix hereby irrevocably designates, and agrees to cause each of its affiliates to so designate, Acacia as its agent to take any and all actions necessary or incidental to the preparation and filing of such U.S. state and local Income Tax Returns of members of the Acacia Tax Group.
 
(ii)    All U.S. state and local Income Tax Returns (including amendments thereto) required to be filed in respect of a member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group which are not the responsibility of the Acacia Tax Group shall be the responsibility of the CombiMatrix Tax Group.
 
6

 
(c)    Foreign Income Tax Returns .
 
(i)    Acacia shall prepare and file or cause to be prepared and filed all Foreign Income Tax Returns (including amendments thereto) which are required to be filed in respect of (A) a member of the Acacia Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Taxable Period or Straddle Period, (B) a member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Period or Straddle Period in which it conducts, or has conducted, both an Acacia business and a CombiMatrix business, or (C) a member of the Acacia Tax Group for any Post-Distribution Taxable Period. CombiMatrix hereby irrevocably designates, and agrees to cause each of its affiliates to so designate, Acacia as its agent to take any and all actions necessary or incidental to the preparation and filing of such Foreign Income Tax Returns of members of the Acacia Tax Group.
 
(ii)    All Foreign Income Tax Returns (including amendments thereto) required to be filed in respect of a member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group which are not the responsibility of the Acacia Tax Group shall be the responsibility of the CombiMatrix Tax Group.
 
(d)    Non-Income Tax Returns .
 
(i)    Acacia shall prepare and file or cause to be prepared and filed all Tax Returns (including amendments thereto) which are Non-Income Tax Returns which are required to be filed in respect of (A) a member of the Acacia Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Taxable Period or Straddle Period), (B) any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Period or Straddle Period in which it conducts or has conducted both an Acacia business and a CombiMatrix business or (C) a member of the Acacia Tax Group for any Post-Distribution Taxable Period. CombiMatrix hereby irrevocably designates, and agrees to cause each of its affiliates to so designate, Acacia as its agent to take any and all actions necessary or incidental to the preparation and filing of such non-U.S. federal Income Tax Returns.
 
(ii)    All Non-Income Tax Returns (including amendments thereto) required to be filed in respect of a member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group which are not the responsibility of the Acacia Tax Group shall be the responsibility of the CombiMatrix Tax Group.
 
(e)    Consistent with Past Practice; Review by Non-Responsible Party . Unless Acacia and CombiMatrix otherwise agree in writing, all Tax Returns (including amendments thereto) described in this Section 2.01 filed after the date of this Agreement for Pre-Distribution Taxable Periods or Straddle Periods, in the absence of a controlling change in law or circumstances, shall be prepared on a basis consistent with the elections, accounting methods, conventions and principles of taxation used for the most recent taxable periods for which Tax Returns involving similar matters have been filed. Upon the request of the non-responsible party, the party responsible under this Section 2.01 for preparation of a particular Tax Return for Pre-Distribution Taxable Periods or Straddle Periods shall make available a draft of such Tax Return (or relevant portions thereof) for review and comment by such non-responsible party. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, all decisions relating to the preparation of Tax Returns shall be made in the sole discretion of the party responsible under this Agreement for such preparation.
 
7

 
(f)    Responsibility for Filing . Although, pursuant to this Agreement, Acacia or CombiMatrix may be responsible for filing a particular Tax Return, Acacia and CombiMatrix have agreed that the actual preparation and filing of certain Tax Returns will be done by the non-responsible party. Schedule 2.01(f) attached hereto sets forth a schedule specifying such Tax Returns. Acacia and CombiMatrix may agree from time to time to additions to or deletions from Schedule 2.01(f).
 
Section 2.02    Payment of Taxes .
 
(a)    United States Federal Income Taxes . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement:
 
(i)    Acacia shall pay or cause to be paid, on a timely basis, all Taxes due with respect to the consolidated U.S. federal Income Tax liability for (A) all members of the Acacia Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Taxable Period or Straddle Period, including consolidated Tax Returns also including a member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group, and (B) any member of the Acacia Tax Group for any Post-Distribution Taxable Period, provided , however , that CombiMatrix, on behalf of the CombiMatrix Tax Group hereby assumes and agrees to pay directly to or at the direction of Acacia, at least five days prior to the date payment (including estimated payment) thereof is due, the share of such U.S. federal Income Tax liability of any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group attributable to the CombiMatrix business, assets or activities allocated between the Acacia Tax Group, on the one hand, and the CombiMatrix Tax Group, on the other hand, determined in a manner analogous to that set forth in Treasury Regulation Section 1.1552-1(a)(2).
 
(ii)    CombiMatrix shall pay or cause to be paid, on a timely basis, all U.S. federal Income Taxes of the CombiMatrix Tax Group which are not the responsibility of the Acacia Tax Group.
 
(b)    United States State and Local Income Taxes . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement:
 
(i)    Acacia shall pay or cause to be paid, on a timely basis, all Taxes due with respect to the state and local Income Tax liability for (A) all members of the Acacia Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Taxable Period or Straddle Period, including consolidated, combined and unitary Tax Returns also including a member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group, (B) any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Period or Straddle Period in which it conducts or has conducted both an Acacia business and a CombiMatrix business, and (C) any member of the Acacia Tax Group for any Post-Distribution Taxable Period, provided , however , that CombiMatrix, on behalf of the CombiMatrix Tax Group hereby assumes and agrees to pay directly to or at the direction of Acacia, at least five days prior to the date payment (including estimated payment) thereof is due, the share of such U.S. state and local Income Tax liability of any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group attributable to the CombiMatrix business, assets or activities allocated between the Acacia Tax Group, on the one hand, and the CombiMatrix Tax Group, on the other hand, determined in a manner analogous to that set forth in Treasury Regulation Section 1.1552-1(a)(2).
 
8

 
(ii)    CombiMatrix shall pay or cause to be paid, on a timely basis, all U.S. state and local Income Taxes of the CombiMatrix Tax Group which are not the responsibility of the Acacia Tax Group.
 
(c)    Foreign Income Taxes . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement:
 
(i)    Acacia shall pay or cause to be paid, on a timely basis, all Taxes due with respect to the Foreign Income Tax liability for (A) all members of the Acacia Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Taxable Period or Straddle Period, (B) any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Period or Straddle Period in which it conducts, or has conducted, both an Acacia business and a CombiMatrix business, or (C) any member of the Acacia Tax Group for any Post-Distribution Taxable Period, provided , however , that CombiMatrix, on behalf of the CombiMatrix Tax Group hereby assumes and agrees to pay directly to or at the direction of Acacia, at least five days prior to the date payment (including estimated payment) thereof is due, the share of such Foreign Income Tax liability of any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group attributable to the CombiMatrix business, assets or activities allocated between the Acacia Tax Group, on the one hand, and the CombiMatrix Tax Group, on the other hand, determined in a manner analogous to that set forth in Treasury Regulation Section 1.1552-1(a)(2).
 
(ii)    CombiMatrix shall pay or cause to be paid, on a timely basis, all Foreign Income Taxes which are not the responsibility of the Acacia Tax Group.
 
(d)    Non-Income Taxes . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement:
 
(i)    Acacia shall pay or cause to be paid, on a timely basis, all Taxes which are Non-Income Taxes due with respect to the Tax liability for (A) all members of the Acacia Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Taxable Period, Straddle Period or Post-Distribution Taxable Period, (B) any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group for any Pre-Distribution Period or Straddle Period in which it conducts or has conducted both an Acacia business and a CombiMatrix business and (C) a member of the Acacia Tax Group for any Post-Distribution Taxable Period, provided , however , that CombiMatrix, on behalf of the CombiMatrix Tax Group hereby assumes and agrees to pay directly to or at the direction of Acacia, at least five days prior to the date payment (including estimated payment) thereof is due, the share of such Non-Income Tax liability of any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group, attributable to the CombiMatrix business, assets or activities.
 
(ii)    CombiMatrix shall pay or cause to be paid, on a timely basis, all Taxes which are Non-Income Taxes which are not the responsibility of the Acacia Tax Group.
 
(e)    Employment Taxes . CombiMatrix shall pay or cause to be paid, on a timely basis, all employment Taxes for all Pre-Distribution Taxable Periods, Straddle Periods and Post-Distribution Taxable Periods attributable to (I) any employee of the CombiMatrix Tax Group on the day following the Distribution Date or (II) any individual who was neither an employee of the CombiMatrix Tax Group or the Acacia Tax Group on the day following the Distribution Date but whose most recent employment prior to the Distribution Date with any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group or the Acacia Tax Group was more closely associated with the CombiMatrix Business rather than the Acacia Business.
 
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(f)    Post-Distribution Date Taxes . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, all Taxes for all Post-Distribution Taxable Periods shall be paid or caused to be paid by the party responsible under this Agreement for filing the Tax Returns pursuant to which such Taxes are due or, if no such Tax Returns are due, by the party liable for such Taxes.
 
(g)    Credit for Prior Tax Payments . To the extent any member of a Tax Group has made a payment of Taxes (including estimated Taxes) on or before the Distribution Date, the party liable for paying such Taxes under this Agreement shall be entitled to treat the payment as having been paid or caused to have been paid by such party, and such party shall not be required to reimburse the party which actually paid such Taxes.
 
(h)    Responsibility for Payment; Notice of Payment Due . Although Acacia or CombiMatrix may be responsible for paying a particular Tax liability, Acacia and CombiMatrix may agree that the actual payment to a Taxing Authority of certain Tax liabilities will be made by the non-responsible party. Acacia and CombiMatrix may agree to prepare a schedule setting forth such Tax liabilities and may agree from time to time to additions to or deletions from such schedule. In each case where Acacia or CombiMatrix, as the case may be, is required to make payment of Taxes to the other party, Acacia or CombiMatrix, as the case may be shall notify the other party as to the amount of Taxes due from the other party at least five days prior to the date payment (including estimated payment) is due.
 
Section 2.03    Tax Refunds and Carrybacks .
 
(a)    Retention and Payment of Tax Refunds . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, Acacia shall be entitled to retain, and to receive within ten days after Actually Realized by the CombiMatrix Tax Group, the portion of all refunds or credits of Taxes for which the Acacia Tax Group is liable pursuant to Section 2.02 or Section 3.01(a) or is treated as having paid or caused to have been paid pursuant to Section 2.02(d), and CombiMatrix shall be entitled to retain, and to receive within ten days after Actually Realized by the Acacia Tax Group, the portion of all refunds or credits of Taxes for which the CombiMatrix Tax Group is liable pursuant to Section 2.02 or Section 3.01(b) or is treated as having paid or caused to have been paid pursuant to Section 2.02(d). The amount of any refund or credit of Taxes to which Acacia or CombiMatrix is entitled to retain or receive pursuant to the foregoing sentence shall be reduced to take account of any Taxes incurred by the CombiMatrix Tax Group, in the case of a refund or credit to which Acacia is entitled, or the Acacia Tax Group, in the case of a refund or credit to which CombiMatrix is entitled, upon the receipt of such refund or credit.
 
(b)    Carrybacks; Carryforwards . Unless the parties otherwise agree in writing, CombiMatrix shall elect and shall cause each member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group to elect, where permitted by law, to carry forward any net operating loss, net capital loss, charitable contribution or other item arising after the Distribution Date that could, in the absence of such election, be carried back to a Pre-Distribution Taxable Period. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.03(a), (i) any refund or credit of Taxes resulting from the carryback of any item of Taxes attributable to the CombiMatrix Tax Group arising in a Post-Tax Indemnification Period to a Tax Indemnification Period shall be for the account and benefit of the CombiMatrix Tax Group, (ii) any refund or credit of Taxes resulting from the carryback of any item of Taxes attributable to the Acacia Tax Group arising in a Post-Tax Indemnification Period to a Tax Indemnification Period shall be for the account and benefit of the Acacia Tax Group, and (iii) any refund or credit of Taxes resulting from a carryback of any item of federal Income Taxes attributable to the Acacia/CombiMatrix Tax Group (including derivative state and local refunds or credits) shall be for the account and benefit of the party to this Agreement that generated such benefit, which shall be determined on a case-by-case basis by a nationally recognized accounting firm selected by Acacia and reasonably satisfactory to CombiMatrix.
 
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(c)    Refund Claims . Acacia shall be permitted to file at Acacia’s sole expense, and CombiMatrix shall reasonably cooperate with Acacia in connection with, any claims for refund of Taxes to which Acacia is entitled pursuant to this Section 2.03 or any other provision of this Agreement. Acacia shall reimburse CombiMatrix for any reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group in connection with such cooperation. CombiMatrix shall be permitted to file at CombiMatrix’s sole expense, and Acacia shall reasonably cooperate with CombiMatrix in connection with, any claims for refunds of Taxes to which CombiMatrix is entitled pursuant to this Section 2.03 or any other provision of this Agreement. CombiMatrix shall reimburse Acacia for any reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by any member of the Acacia Tax Group in connection with such cooperation.
 
Section 2.04    Allocation of Straddle Period Taxes . In the case of any Straddle Period:
 
(a)    Periodic Taxes . (i) The periodic Taxes of a member of the Acacia Tax Group or the CombiMatrix Tax Group or its business, assets or activities that are not based on income or receipts ( e.g. , property Taxes) for the portion of any Straddle Period ending on the Distribution Date shall be computed based on the ratio of the number of days in such portion of the Straddle Period and the number of days in the entire taxable period; and (ii) the periodic taxes of a member of the Acacia Tax Group or the CombiMatrix Tax Group or its business, assets or activities that are not based on income or receipts for the portion of any Straddle Period beginning on the day after the Distribution Date shall be computed based on the ratio of the number of days in such portion of the Straddle Period and the number of days in the entire taxable period.
 
(b)    Non-Periodic Taxes . (i) The Taxes of a member of the Acacia Tax Group or the CombiMatrix Tax Group or its business, assets or activities for that portion of any Straddle Period ending on the Distribution Date (other than Taxes described in Section 2.04(a) above), shall be computed on a “closing-of-the-books” basis as if such taxable period ended as of the close of business on the Distribution Date, and, in the case of any Taxes of a member of the Acacia Tax Group or the CombiMatrix Tax Group or its business, assets or activities with respect to any equity interest in any partnership or other “flowthrough” entity, as if the taxable period of such partnership or other “flowthrough” entity ended on the Distribution Date; and (ii) the Taxes of a member of the Acacia Tax Group or the CombiMatrix Tax Group or its business, assets or activities for that portion of any Straddle Period beginning after the Distribution Date (other than Taxes described in Section 2.04(a) above), shall be computed on a “closing-of-the-books” basis as if such taxable period began on the day after the Distribution Date, and, in the case of any Taxes of a member of the Acacia Tax Group or the CombiMatrix Tax Group or its business, assets or activities with respect to any equity interest in any partnership or other “flowthrough” entity, as if the taxable period of such partnership or other “flowthrough” entity began as of the day after the Distribution Date.
 
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(c)    The Taxes of the Acacia Tax Group and the CombiMatrix Tax Group with respect to any Tax Return for a Straddle Period which includes a member of each of the Acacia Tax Group and the CombiMatrix Tax Group or their respective businesses, assets or activities shall be allocated between the Acacia Tax Group, on the one hand, and the CombiMatrix Tax Group, on the other hand, determined in a manner analogous to that set forth in Treasury Regulation Section 1.1552-1(a)(2).
 
ARTICLE III
 
TAX INDEMNIFICATION; TAX CONTESTS
 
Section 3.01    Indemnification .
 
(a)    Acacia Indemnification . Subject to Section 3.01(b) and Section 3.02, Acacia shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless each member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group and each of their respective shareowners, directors, officers, employees and agents and each of the heirs, executors, successors and assigns of any of the foregoing from and against:
 
(i)    all Taxes of the Acacia Tax Group other than any Taxes for which CombiMatrix is liable pursuant to Section 2.02(e);
 
(ii)    all Taxes of the CombiMatrix Tax Group for all Pre-Distribution Taxable Periods and all Straddle Periods for which Acacia is liable pursuant to Section 2.02 or 3.02;
 
(iii)    all liability as a result of Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6(a) (which imposes several liability on members of an affiliated group that file a U.S. federal consolidated Income Tax return) or comparable U.S. state or local provision for Income Taxes of any person which is or has ever been affiliated with any member of the Acacia/CombiMatrix Tax Group or with which any member of the Acacia/CombiMatrix Tax Group joins or has ever joined (or is or has ever been required to join) in filing any consolidated, combined or unitary Income Tax Return for any Tax period ending on or before or including the Distribution Date except to the extent the CombiMatrix Tax Group is liable for such Taxes pursuant to Section 2.02 or 3.02;
 
(iv)    all Taxes for any Tax period (whether beginning before, on or after the Distribution Date) that would not have been payable but for the breach by any member of the Acacia Tax Group of any representation, warranty, covenant or obligation under this Agreement;
 
(v)    all liability for a breach by any member of the Acacia Tax Group of any representation, warranty, covenant or obligation under this Agreement;
 
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(vi)    all Taxes imposed in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Separation Agreements or any other agreement entered into for the purpose of implementing the Distribution;
 
(vii)    all Taxes for which Acacia is liable pursuant to Section 3.02; and
 
(viii)    all liability for any reasonable legal, accounting, appraisal, consulting or similar fees and expenses relating to the foregoing.
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing and subject to Section 3.01(b) and Section 3.02, Acacia shall not indemnify, defend or hold harmless any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group from any liability for Taxes attributable to any action (including the making of an election under Section 338 of the Code) taken by any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group after the Distribution (other than any such action expressly required or otherwise expressly contemplated by the Separation Agreements or any other agreement entered into for the purpose of implementing the Distribution or taken in the ordinary course of business) (a “ Post-Distribution Tax Act ”).
 
(b)    CombiMatrix Indemnification . CombiMatrix shall be liable for, and shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless each member of the Acacia Tax Group and each of the respective shareowners, directors, officers, employees and agents and each of the heirs, executors, successors and assigns of any of the foregoing from and against:
 
(i)    all Taxes of any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group (other than Taxes for which Acacia provides indemnification pursuant to Section 3.01(a));
 
(ii)    all Taxes for which CombiMatrix is liable pursuant to Section 2.02(e).
 
(iii)    all Taxes for any Tax period (whether beginning before, on or after the Distribution Date) that would not have been payable but for the breach by any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group of any representation, warranty, covenant or obligation under this Agreement;
 
(iv)    all liability for a breach by any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group of any representation, warranty, covenant or obligation under this Agreement;
 
(v)    all Taxes for which CombiMatrix is liable pursuant to Section 3.02;
 
(vi)    all Taxes attributable to a Post-Distribution Tax Act; and
 
(vii)    all liability for any reasonable legal, accounting, appraisal, consulting or similar fees and expenses relating to the foregoing.
 
Section 3.02    CombiMatrix Tax Acts .
 
(a)    Notwithstanding Section 3.01, CombiMatrix agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless each member of the Acacia Tax Group and each of the respective shareowners, directors, officers, employees and agents and each of the heirs, executors, successors and assigns of any of the foregoing from and against any Taxes resulting from any CombiMatrix Tax Act. A CombiMatrix Tax Act shall mean any action specified on Schedule 3.02(a) attached hereto.
 
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(b)    CombiMatrix shall, and shall cause each member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group to, comply with and take no action inconsistent with the CombiMatrix Tax Representation Letter, unless, pursuant to a favorable ruling letter obtained from the IRS which is satisfactory to Acacia or the advice of Greenberg Traurig, LLP or other nationally recognized tax counsel to Acacia, which advice shall be satisfactory to Acacia, such act or omission would not adversely affect the U.S. federal Income Tax consequences of the Distribution to Acacia or the shareowners of Acacia. Notwithstanding Sections 3.01(b)(iv), 3.01(b)(v), and 3.01(b)(vii), the parties intend that the sole remedy for breach of the covenants contained in this Section 3.02(b) shall be as set forth in Section 3.02(a).
 
(c)    Notwithstanding the foregoing, a CombiMatrix Tax Act shall not include any transaction or action specifically disclosed or specifically described in any of the Separation Agreements or, except as specifically set forth in Schedule 3.02(c) occurring on or prior to the Distribution Date, any action taken on or prior to the Distribution Date. A CombiMatrix Tax Act shall not include any action on the part of any member of the Acacia Tax Group.
 
Section 3.03    Notice of Indemnity . Whenever a party hereto (hereinafter an “ Indemnitee ”) becomes aware of the existence of an issue raised by any Tax Authority which could reasonably be expected to result in a determination that would increase the liability for any Tax of the other party hereto or any member of its Tax Group for any Tax period or require a payment hereunder by the other party (hereinafter an “ Indemnity Issue ”), the Indemnitee shall in good faith promptly give notice to such other party (hereinafter the “ Indemnitor ”) of such Indemnity Issue. The failure of the Indemnitee to give such notice shall not relieve the Indemnitor of its obligations under this Agreement, except to the extent such Indemnitor or a member of its Tax Group is actually prejudiced by such failure to give notice.
 
Section 3.04    Payments .
 
(a)    Timing Adjustments .
 
(i)    Timing Differences . If a Tax audit proceeding or an amendment of a Tax Return results in a Timing Difference, and such Timing Difference results in a decrease in an indemnity obligation Acacia has or would otherwise have under Section 3.01(a) and/or an increase in the amount of a Tax refund or credit to which Acacia is entitled under Section 2.03, then in each Post-Tax Indemnification Period in which the CombiMatrix Tax Group Actually Realizes an Income Tax Detriment, Acacia shall pay to CombiMatrix an amount equal to such Income Tax Detriment; provided , however , that the aggregate payments which Acacia shall be required to make under this Section 3.04(a)(i) with respect to any Timing Difference shall not exceed the aggregate amount of the Income Tax Benefits realized by the Acacia Tax Group for all taxable periods and the CombiMatrix Tax Group for all Tax Indemnification Periods as a result of such Timing Difference. Acacia shall make all such payments within ten days after CombiMatrix notifies Acacia that the relevant Income Tax Detriment has been Actually Realized.
 
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(ii)    Reverse Timing Differences . If a Tax audit proceeding or an amendment to a Tax Return results in a Reverse Timing Difference, and such Reverse Timing Difference results in an increase in an indemnity payment obligation of Acacia under Section 3.01(a) and/or a decrease in the amount of a Tax refund or credit to which Acacia is or would otherwise be entitled under Section 2.03, then in each Post-Tax Indemnification Period in which the CombiMatrix Tax Group Actually Realizes an Income Tax Benefit, CombiMatrix shall pay to Acacia within ten days after CombiMatrix has Actually Realized such Income Tax Benefit an amount equal to such Income Tax Benefit, provided , however , that the aggregate payments which CombiMatrix shall be required to make under this Section 3.04(a)(ii) with respect to Reverse Timing Differences shall not exceed the aggregate amount of the Income Tax Detriments realized by the CombiMatrix Tax Group and the Acacia Tax Group for all Tax Indemnification Periods as a result of such Reverse Timing Difference.
 
(b)    Time for Payment . Except as otherwise provided in this Section 3.04(b), any indemnity payment required to be made pursuant to this Agreement shall be paid within thirty days after the indemnified party makes written demand upon the indemnifying party, provided that in no event shall such payment be required to be made earlier than five (5) Business Days prior to the date on which the relevant Taxes (including estimated Taxes) are required to be paid (or would be required to be paid if no such Taxes are due) to the relevant Tax Authority.
 
(c)    Payments Net of Taxes and Tax Benefits . The amount of any payment under this Agreement shall be (i) reduced to take into account any net Tax benefit realized by the recipient’s Tax Group arising from the incurrence or payment by such recipient’s Tax Group of any amount in respect of which such payment is made and (ii) increased to take into account any net Tax cost incurred by the recipient’s Tax Group as a result of the receipt or accrual of payments hereunder (grossed-up for such increase), in each case determined by treating the recipient as recognizing all other items of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit before recognizing any item arising from the receipt of accrual of any payment hereunder. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement or unless the parties otherwise agree to an alternative method for determining the present value of any such anticipated Tax benefit or Tax cost, any payment hereunder shall initially be made without regard to this section and shall be increased or reduced to reflect any such net Tax cost (including gross-up) or net Tax benefit only after the recipient’s Tax Group has Actually Realized such Tax cost or Tax benefit.
 
(d)    Right to Offset . Any party making a payment under this Agreement shall have the right to reduce any such payment by any undisputed amounts owed to it by the other party to this Agreement.
 
(e)    Characterization of Payments . It is the intention of the parties to this Agreement that payments made pursuant to this Agreement are to be treated as relating back to the Distribution as an adjustment to capital ( i.e. , capital contribution or distribution), and the parties shall not take any position inconsistent with such intention before any Tax Authority, except to the extent that a final determination (as defined in Section 1313 of the Code) with respect to the recipient party causes any such payment not to be so treated.
 
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Section 3.05    Tax Contests . The Indemnitor and its representatives, at the Indemnitor’s expense, shall be entitled to participate (a) in all conferences, meetings and proceedings with any Tax Authority, the subject matter of which is or includes an Indemnity Issue and (b) in all appearances before any court, the subject matter of which is or includes an Indemnity Issue. The party who has responsibility for filing the Tax Return under this Agreement (the “ Responsible Party ”) with respect to which there could be an increase in liability for any Tax or with respect to which a payment could be required hereunder shall have the right to decide as between the parties hereto how such matter is to be dealt with and finally resolved with the appropriate Tax Authority and shall control all audits and similar proceedings. If no Tax Return is or was required to be filed in respect of an Indemnity Issue, the Indemnitor shall be treated as the Responsible Party with respect thereto. The Responsible Party agrees to cooperate in the settlement of any Indemnity Issue with the other party and to take such other party’s interests into account.
 
ARTICLE IV
 
OPTIONS; COMPENSATION PAYMENTS;
INTEREST CHARGE FOR LATE PAYMENTS;
CURRENCY CALCULATIONS; EFFECTIVE TIME OF TRANSACTIONS
 
Section 4.01    Stock Options; Restricted Shares .
 
(a)    Stock Option Adjustments . CBMX Tracking Stock Options outstanding at the time of the Distribution will be adjusted in accordance with the terms of the Employee Matters Agreement. Acacia Restricted Shares outstanding at the time of the Distribution will be adjusted in accordance with the terms of the underlying plan and award for such Acacia Restricted Shares and the Distribution Agreement.
 
(b)    Tax Deductions . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, unless the IRS issues a contrary private letter ruling to Acacia or CombiMatrix, or Acacia and CombiMatrix otherwise agree in writing, (i) the Acacia Tax Group (and not the CombiMatrix Tax Group) shall claim any Post-Distribution Date Tax deductions in respect of CBMX Tracking Stock Options exercised by, or Acacia Restricted Shares held by, Acacia Group Employees and Former Employees, (ii) the Acacia Tax Group (and not the CombiMatrix Tax Group) shall claim any Post-Distribution Date Tax deductions in respect of CombiMatrix Common Stock Options exercised by, or CombiMatrix Restricted Shares held by, Acacia Group Employees and Former Employees and Acacia shall pay to CombiMatrix the amount received as a result of any Tax benefit realized in respect of such Tax deductions within ten days after such amount is Actually Realized by Acacia, (iii) the CombiMatrix Tax Group (and not the Acacia Tax Group) shall claim any Post-Distribution Date Tax deductions in respect of CBMX Tracking Stock Options exercised by, or Acacia Restricted Shares held by, CombiMatrix Group Employees and Former Employees and CombiMatrix shall pay to Acacia the amount received as a result of any Tax benefit realized in respect of such Tax deductions within ten days after such amount is Actually Realized by CombiMatrix, and (iv) the CombiMatrix Tax Group (and not the Acacia Tax Group) shall claim the Post-Distribution Date Tax deductions in respect of the CombiMatrix Common Stock Options exercised by, or CombiMatrix Restricted Shares held by, CombiMatrix Group Employees and Former Employees.
 
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(c)    Notices, Withholding, Reporting .
 
(i)    Acacia shall promptly notify CombiMatrix of any post-Distribution Date event giving rise to income to any CombiMatrix Group Employees and Former Employees in connection with the CBMX Tracking Stock Options and Acacia Restricted Shares and, if required by law, CombiMatrix shall withhold applicable Taxes and satisfy applicable Tax reporting obligations in connection therewith. Acacia shall within ten days of demand thereof reimburse CombiMatrix for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the CBMX Tracking Stock Options and Acacia Restricted Shares, including with respect to incremental Tax reporting obligations and any incremental employment Tax obligations; provided that CombiMatrix shall use reasonable efforts to collect any such amounts required to be paid by CombiMatrix Group Employees and Former Employees from such CombiMatrix Group Employees and Former Employees.
 
(ii)    CombiMatrix shall promptly notify Acacia of any post-Distribution Date event giving rise to income to any non-CombiMatrix Group Employees and Former Employees in connection with the CombiMatrix Common Stock Options and CombiMatrix Restricted Shares and, if required by law, Acacia shall withhold applicable Taxes and satisfy applicable Tax reporting obligations in connection therewith. CombiMatrix shall within ten days of demand thereof reimburse Acacia for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the CombiMatrix Common Stock Options and CombiMatrix Restricted Shares, including with respect to incremental Tax reporting obligations and any incremental employment Tax obligations; provided that Acacia shall use reasonable efforts to collect any such amounts required to be paid by non-CombiMatrix Group Employees and Former Employees from such non-CombiMatrix Group Employees and Former Employees.
 
(d)    Tax Audit Adjustments . Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 4.01(b), in the event a Tax audit proceeding shall determine (by settlement or otherwise), or the parties otherwise determine pursuant to Section 4.03, that all or a portion of the Tax deductions in respect of CBMX Tracking Stock Options and Acacia Restricted Shares or CombiMatrix Common Stock Options and CombiMatrix Restricted Shares should have been claimed by the CombiMatrix Tax Group or the Acacia Tax Group, respectively, the CombiMatrix Tax Group or the Acacia Tax Group, respectively, shall claim such Tax deductions (by an amended Tax Return or otherwise) and shall pay to Acacia or CombiMatrix, as the case may be, the amount of any Tax refund or credit arising in respect of such Tax deduction within ten days after such Tax refund or credit is Actually Realized by the CombiMatrix Tax Group or the Acacia Tax Group, as the case may be.
 
(e)    Status of Directors . For purposes of this Section 4.01 (except as it relates to employment and withholding Taxes), (i) Acacia or CombiMatrix Common Stock Options and Restricted Shares held by present or former non-employee members of the Acacia Board of Directors shall be treated as held by present or former employees of Acacia, (ii) Acacia or CombiMatrix Common Stock Options and Restricted Shares held by present or former non-employee members of the CombiMatrix Board of Directors shall be treated as held by present or former employees of CombiMatrix, and (iii) notwithstanding (i) or (ii) above, Acacia or CombiMatrix Common Stock Options and Restricted Shares held by individuals who, as of the Distribution Date, were both non-employee members of the Acacia Board of Directors and non-employee members of the CombiMatrix Board of Directors shall be treated as (A) employees of Acacia with respect to CBMX Tracking Stock Options exercised by, or Acacia Restricted Shares held by, such individuals and (B) employees of CombiMatrix with respect to CombiMatrix Common Stock Options exercised by, or CombiMatrix Restricted Shares held by, such individuals.
 
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Section 4.02    Compensation Payments .
 
(a)    Tax Deductions . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, unless Acacia and CombiMatrix otherwise agree in writing, (i) the CombiMatrix Tax Group (and not the Acacia Tax Group) shall claim the Post-Distribution Date Tax deductions in respect of Compensation Payments paid by the CombiMatrix Tax Group to all other CombiMatrix Group Employees and Former Employees, and (ii) the Acacia Tax Group (and not the CombiMatrix Tax Group) shall claim the Post-Distribution Date Tax deductions in respect of Compensation Payments paid by the Acacia Tax Group to all other CombiMatrix Group Employees and Former Employees.
 
(b)    Notices, Withholding, Reporting . The party responsible for making the Compensation Payments pursuant to the Employee Matters Agreement shall withhold applicable Taxes and satisfy applicable Tax reporting obligations in connection with the Compensation Payments made to all CombiMatrix Group Employees and Former Employees.
 
(c)    Tax Audit Adjustments . Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 4.02(a), in the event a Tax audit proceeding shall determine (by settlement or otherwise), or the parties otherwise determine pursuant to Section 4.03, that all or a portion of the Tax deductions in respect of Compensation Payments paid to CombiMatrix Group Employees and Former Employees was not available to the party claiming the Tax deduction, then the appropriate party shall claim such Tax deductions (by an amended Tax Return or otherwise) and shall pay to the party which had previously claimed such Tax deduction, within ten days after such Tax deduction has been Actually Realized by the such appropriate party, the amount of the resulting Tax benefit to such appropriate party.
 
Section 4.03    Change in Law . Notwithstanding the agreement with respect to reporting of Tax items and the claiming of the deductions set forth in Article 4 of this Agreement, neither the CombiMatrix Tax Group nor the Acacia Tax Group shall have any obligation to report any such Tax items or claim such deductions as set forth in such Article in the event that either such party determines, based on an opinion of nationally recognized tax counsel, which opinion shall be satisfactory to the other party, that there is no substantial authority to support reporting such Tax items or claiming such deductions on a Tax Return filed by such party as a result of a change in or amendment to any law or regulation, or any change in the official interpretation thereof, effective or occurring after the date of this Agreement, and such Tax Group provides prompt notice to the other Tax Group of any such determination.
 
Section 4.04    Interest Charge for Late Payments . Any amount due and owing by one party to the other party pursuant to this Agreement that is not paid when due shall bear interest from the due date thereof until paid at a rate equal to the JPMorgan Chase Bank base rate in effect from time to time during such period plus 1%.
 
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Section 4.05    Currency Calculations . All currency calculations shall be made in accordance with Section 7.09 of the Distribution Agreement.
 
Section 4.06    Effective Time of Transaction . Acacia and CombiMatrix agree that any transaction that, pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, is expressly effective immediately after the Time of Distribution shall be treated for federal Income Tax purposes as occurring at the beginning of the day following the Distribution Date.
 
ARTICLE V
 
COOPERATION AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION
 
Section 5.01    Inconsistent Actions . Each party to this Agreement agrees (i) to, and to cause each of the relevant members of its Tax Group to, report the Distribution as a transaction described in Section 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code on all Tax Returns and other filings, (ii) to use its best efforts to ensure that the Distribution receives such treatment for U.S. federal Income Tax purposes and (iii) that, unless it has obtained the prior written consent of the other party, it (and the members of its Tax Group) shall not take any action inconsistent with, or fail to take any action required by, the Separation Agreements.
 
Section 5.02    Cooperation and Exchange of Information . Each party hereto agrees to provide, and to cause each member of its Tax Group to provide, such cooperation and information as such other party shall request, on a timely basis, in connection with the preparation or filing of any Tax Return or claim for Tax refund not inconsistent with this Agreement or in conducting any Tax audit, Tax dispute, or otherwise in respect of Taxes or to carry out the provisions of this Agreement. To the extent necessary to carry out the purposes of this Agreement and subject to the other provisions of this Agreement, such cooperation and information shall include without limitation the non-exclusive designation of an officer of Acacia as an officer of CombiMatrix and each of its affiliates (for the purpose of signing Tax Returns, cashing refund checks, pursuing refund claims, dealing with Tax Authorities and defending audits); promptly forwarding to the other party, where relevant, copies of appropriate notices and forms or other communications received from or sent to any Tax Authority which relate to the Tax Indemnification Period; providing copies of all relevant Tax Returns for the Tax Indemnification Period, together with accompanying schedules and related workpapers, documents relating to rulings or other determinations by Tax Authorities, including without limitation, foreign Tax Authorities, and records concerning the ownership and Tax basis of property, which either party may possess; and making its employees involved in the research and development process available to the other party and having such employees provide such assistance as the other party may require for such purposes, provided, however, that neither party shall be obligated to provide the other party Tax Returns, documentation or other information of a proprietary or confidential nature for purposes of verifying any calculation, and provided further, that in any such case where one party does not provide the other party with Tax Returns, documentation or information because it is proprietary or confidential, both parties shall cooperate in developing mutually acceptable procedures including retaining a mutually agreeable accounting firm to review such Tax Returns, documentation or information for purposes of verifying such calculation. Subject to the rights of the CombiMatrix Tax Group under the other provisions of this Agreement, such officer shall have the authority to execute powers of attorney (including Form 2848) on behalf of each member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group with respect to Tax Returns for the Tax Indemnification Period. Each party to this Agreement shall make, or shall cause its affiliates to make, its employees and facilities available on a mutually convenient basis to provide an explanation of any documents or information provided hereunder.
 
19

 
Section 5.03    Tax Records .
 
(a)    Acacia and CombiMatrix agree to (and to cause each member of their respective Tax Group to) (i) retain all Tax Returns, related schedules and workpapers, and all material records and other documents as required under Section 6001 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder relating thereto existing on the date hereof or created through the Distribution Date, for a period of at least ten years following the Distribution Date and (ii) allow the party to this Agreement, at times and dates reasonably acceptable to the retaining party, to inspect, review and make copies of such records, as Acacia and CombiMatrix may reasonably deem necessary or appropriate from time to time. In addition, after the expiration of such ten-year period, such Tax Returns, related schedules and workpapers, and material records shall not be destroyed or otherwise disposed of at any time, unless, prior to such destruction or disposal, (A) the party proposing to destroy or otherwise dispose of such records shall provide no less than 30 days’ prior written notice to the other party, specifying in reasonable detail the records proposed to be destroyed or disposed of and (B) if a recipient of such notice shall request in writing prior to the scheduled date for such destruction or disposal that any of the records proposed to be destroyed or disposed of be delivered to such requesting party, the party proposing the destruction or disposal shall promptly arrange for the delivery of such requested records at the expense of the party requesting such records.
 
(b)    Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, if any party fails to comply with the requirements of Section 5.05(a) hereof, the party failing so to comply shall be liable for, and shall hold the other party, harmless from, any Taxes (including without limitation, penalties for failure to comply with the record retention requirements of the Code) and other costs resulting from such party’s failure to comply.
 
ARTICLE VI
 
MISCELLANEOUS
 
Section 6.01    Entire Agreement; Construction . This Agreement, the Distribution Agreement, the other Separation Agreements, including any annexes, schedules and exhibits hereto or thereto, and other agreements and documents referred to herein and therein, will together constitute the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and will supersede all prior negotiations, agreements and understandings of the parties of any nature, whether oral or written, with respect to such subject matter. Notwithstanding any other provisions in the Separation Agreements to the contrary, in the event and to the extent that there is a conflict relating to Taxes between the provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of the Distribution Agreement or any other Separation Agreement, the provisions of this Agreement will control.
 
20

 
Section 6.02    Effectiveness . All covenants and agreements of the parties contained in this Agreement shall be subject to and conditioned upon the Distribution becoming effective.
 
Section 6.03    Survival of Agreements . Except as otherwise contemplated by the Separation Agreements, all covenants and agreements of the parties contained in this Agreement will remain in full force and effect and survive the Time of Distribution.
 
Section 6.04    Governing Law . This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely within such State, without regard to the conflicts of law principles of such State.
 
Section 6.05    Notices . All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications required or permitted to be given hereunder will be in writing and will be delivered by hand, telecopied, e-mailed or sent, postage prepaid, by registered, certified or express mail or reputable overnight courier service and will be deemed given when so delivered by hand or telecopied, when e-mail confirmation is received if delivered by e-mail, or three (3) Business Days after being so mailed (one (1) Business Day in the case of express mail or overnight courier service). All such notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications will be addressed as set forth in Section 7.04 of the Distribution Agreement, or pursuant to such other instructions as may be designated in writing by the party to receive such notice.
 
Section 6.06    Amendments . This Agreement may not be amended, modified or supplemented except by a written agreement executed by Acacia and CombiMatrix.
 
Section 6.07    Successors and Assigns . Neither party to this Agreement will convey, assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party in its sole and absolute discretion other than as expressly provided herein, any party may (without obtaining any consent) assign any of its rights hereunder to a successor to all or any part of its business. Any such conveyance, assignment or transfer requiring the prior written consent of another party which is made without such consent will be void ab initio . No assignment of this Agreement will relieve the assigning party of its obligations hereunder.
 
Section 6.08    Captions; Currency . The article, section and paragraph captions herein and the table of contents hereto are for convenience of reference only, do not constitute part of this Agreement and will not be deemed to limit or otherwise affect any of the provisions hereof. Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to numbered articles or sections are to articles and sections of this Agreement and all references herein to schedules are to schedules to this Agreement. Unless otherwise specified, all references contained in this Agreement or in any schedule referred to herein to dollars or “$” shall mean U.S. dollars.
 
Section 6.09    Severability . If any provision of this Agreement or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remaining provisions hereof, or the application of such provision to persons or circumstances other than those as to which it has been held invalid or unenforceable, will remain in full force and effect and will in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated thereby. If the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is affected in any manner adverse to any party as a result thereof, the parties will negotiate in good faith in an effort to agree upon a suitable and equitable substitute provision to effect the original intent of the parties.
 
21

 
Section 6.10    Parties in Interest . Except for the provisions of Article III relating to Tax Indemnification, this Agreement is solely for the benefit of the parties hereto and the respective members of their Tax Group and should not be deemed to confer upon third parties (including any employee of Acacia or CombiMatrix or of any Acacia or CombiMatrix subsidiary) any remedy, claim, reimbursement, claim of action or other right in excess of those existing without reference to this Agreement.
 
Section 6.11    Schedules . All schedules attached hereto are hereby incorporated in and made a part of this Agreement as if set forth in full herein. Capitalized terms used in the schedules hereto but not otherwise defined therein will have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in this Agreement.
 
Section 6.12    Termination . This Agreement may be terminated and the Distribution abandoned at any time prior to the Distribution Date by and in the sole discretion of the Acacia Board without the approval of CombiMatrix or Acacia’s shareowners. In the event of such termination, neither party will have any liability of any kind to the other party on account of such termination.
 
Section 6.13    Waivers; Remedies . No failure or delay by any party hereto in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder will operate as a waiver thereof, nor will any waiver on the part of any party hereto of any right, power or privilege hereunder operate as a waiver of any other right, power or privilege hereunder, nor will any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege hereunder. Subject to Section 6.17, the rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies which the parties may otherwise have at law or in equity.
 
Section 6.14    Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in separate counterparts, each such counterpart being deemed to be an original instrument, and all such counterparts will together constitute the same agreement. This Agreement may be executed and delivered by telecopier with the same force and effect as if it were a manually executed and delivered counterpart.
 
Section 6.15    Performance . Each party hereto will cause to be performed, and hereby guarantees the performance of all actions, agreements and obligations set forth herein to be performed by any subsidiary or any member of such party’s Tax Group.
 
Section 6.16    Interpretation . Any reference to any federal, state, local, or foreign law shall be deemed also to refer to all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, unless the context requires otherwise. For the purposes of this Agreement, (i) words in the singular shall be held to include the plural and vice versa and words of one gender shall be held to include the other gender as the context requires, (ii) the terms “hereof”, “herein”, and “herewith” and words of similar import shall, unless otherwise stated, be construed to refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement and (iii) the word “including” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall mean “including, without limitation”.
 
22

 
Section 6.17    Dispute Resolution . Any dispute, claim or controversy arising out of or relating to any provision of this Agreement or the breach, performance or validity thereof will be resolved in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 7.05 of the Distribution Agreement.
 
 
23


[Signature Page to Tax Allocation Agreement]
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the duly authorized officers of the parties as of the date first hereinabove written.
 
 
 
ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
 
 
By:         /s/ Paul Ryan                                                                      
      Name:   Paul Ryan
       Title:     President and Chairman of Board
 
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
 
By:            /s/ Amit Kumar                                                               
       Name:    Amit Kumar
        Title:      President


24


Schedule 1.01
 
CombiMatrix Tax Group, Members
 
Existing Companies
Country
1. CombiMatrix Corporation
US
2. CombiMatrix K.K.
Japan
3. Advanced Material Sciences
US
4. CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc.
US
5. CombiMatrix International Holding Corporation
US
6. Leuchemix, Inc.
US
 

 



Schedule 2.01(f)
Tax Returns To Be Filed By Non-Responsible Party
 
None
 
 

 
Schedule 3.02(a)
 
CombiMatrix Tax Act
 
The actions which shall constitute a “ CombiMatrix Tax Act ” shall mean:
 
§ 355 Split-off Reorganization of CombiMatrix
 
 
--
The failure of CombiMatrix to directly continue the active conduct of the historic businesses conducted throughout the five-year period prior to the Distribution Date using its employees and/or those of its subsidiaries to perform active and substantial management and operational functions.
 
 
--
The consummation of any transaction or transactions (including making any change in equity structure (in terms of either value or voting power), or transactions pursuant to any agreement, understanding, arrangement or substantial negotiations of any member of the Acacia Tax Group or any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group occurring prior to, on or after the Distribution) pursuant to which one or more persons acquire directly or indirectly stock possessing 50% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of CombiMatrix (or any successor thereto) entitled to vote or stock possessing 50% or more of the total value of all classes of stock of CombiMatrix (or are treated as acquiring such interest pursuant to Section 355(e) as a result of the acquisition of assets of CombiMatrix or otherwise) taking into account as may be relevant under Section 355(e) acquisitions of stock of Acacia or CombiMatrix (or any successor thereto) occurring prior to, on or after the Distribution.
 
 
--
The liquidation or partial liquidation of CombiMatrix, the merger into or consolidation with any corporation, or the sale or other disposition of the assets of CombiMatrix, other than (i) sales or dispositions in the ordinary course of business or (ii) transactions described in Section 368(a)(2)(C) of the Code.
 
 
--
The failure of the Distribution to qualify as a Code Section 368(a)(1)(D) split-off reorganization because of a transfer of assets held by CombiMatrix to an affiliate in a transaction described in Section 351 or Section 118 of the Code.
 
 
--
The failure of CombiMatrix to satisfy the “active trade or business” test of Section 355(b) of the Code.
 
 
--
The failure of the distribution of the stock of CombiMatrix to satisfy the Code Section 355 “control” requirement because of negotiations, agreements or arrangements prior to the Distribution that are associated with a post-Distribution event.
 
 
--
Any act or conduct undertaken by CombiMatrix or any member of the CombiMatrix Tax Group which causes the Distribution to be taxable to Acacia or any member of the Acacia Tax Group.
 

 
Schedule 3.02(b)
 
CombiMatrix Tax Representation Letter
 
CombiMatrix Corporation
6500 Harbour Heights Parkway
Suite 301
Mukilteo, WA 98275

 
December [__], 2006
Acacia Research Corporation
500 Newport Center Dr., 7th Floor
Newport Beach, CA 92660
 
Dear Sirs:
 
In connection with the proposed Distribution, as that term is defined and described in the Distribution Agreement dated as of December [___], 2006 (the “Distribution Agreement”), between Acacia Research Corporation., a Delaware corporation (“Acacia”), and CombiMatrix Corporation, a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Acacia (“CombiMatrix”), Greenberg Traurig, LLP (“GT”) will render its opinion (“Opinion”) with respect to certain United States federal income tax consequences of the Distribution. In connection with the issuance of the Opinion, GT has requested from Acacia, and Acacia has agreed to provide to GT, certain representations and warranties concerning CombiMatrix and the Distribution (“Acacia Tax Representations”). Acacia, in turn, has requested from CombiMatrix certain representation and warranties to enable Acacia to provide the Acacia Tax Representations.
 
Accordingly, the undersigned officer of CombiMatrix hereby represents and certifies to Acacia, after due inquiry and investigation, that the facts which are described herein are true, correct and complete in all material respects, and further certifies as follows (capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings attributed thereto in the Tax Allocation Agreement, dated as of December [___], 2006 (the “Tax Allocation Agreement”) between Acacia and CombiMatrix):
 
1.       CombiMatrix was incorporated in California in 1995, reincorporated in Delaware in 2000, and reorganized on December 13, 2002, as the result of a forward triangular tax-free merger into a wholly-owned subsidiary of Acacia. CombiMatrix files its federal income tax returns on a December 31 year basis.

2.       Immediately prior to the Distribution, CombiMatrix will have outstanding one class of stock, the CombiMatrix Common Stock, all of which will be owned by Acacia.
 

 
3.       To the best of CombiMatrix’s knowledge, CombiMatrix has not been a United States real property holding corporation, as defined in Section 897(c)(2) of the Code, at any time during the five-year period ending on the date of the Distribution, and CombiMatrix will not be a United States real property holding corporation immediately after the Distribution.

4.       To the best of CombiMatrix’s knowledge, there are no planned or intended stock issuances, redemptions or dispositions of the stock of CombiMatrix aside from (i) any necessary recapitalization of CombiMatrix Common Stock prior to the Distribution so that the number of outstanding shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock are equal to the number of outstanding shares of Acacia Research--CombiMatrix common stock (the “Tracking Stock”), (ii) the payment of cash in lieu of fractional shares in the Distribution, (iii) the issuance of any CombiMatrix Common Stock in connection with various benefit plans or upon the exercise of any warrants (described in 10 below), and  (iv) the issuance of shares in a financing that is not part of a plan or series of related transactions pursuant to which one or more persons will acquire, directly or indirectly, a 50% or greater interest (measured by either vote or value) in CombiMatrix. The payment of cash in lieu of fractional shares of CombiMatrix is solely for the purposes of avoiding the expense and inconvenience to CombiMatrix of issuing fractional shares and does not represent separately bargained-for consideration. The method used for handling fractional share interests is designed to limit the amount of cash received by any one shareholder to less than the value of one full share of CombiMatrix Common Stock.

5.       Acacia has maintained “control” of CombiMatrix within the meaning of Sections 368(a)(1)(D) and 368(c) of the Code since December 13, 2002. Taking into account the CombiMatrix fractional shares, as described above, Acacia’s shareholders will be in “control” of CombiMatrix immediately after the Distribution.

6.       The fair market value of the CombiMatrix Common Stock and other consideration to be received by each shareholder of Acacia will be approximately equal to the fair market value of the CombiMatrix Tracking Stock surrendered by the shareholders in the exchange.

7.       Immediately prior to the Distribution, Acacia will recapitalize CombiMatrix so that the number of outstanding shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock are equal to the number of outstanding shares of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock.

8.       CombiMatrix will not have any debt (long-term or short-term) owed to unrelated third party creditors at the time of the Distribution.

9.       Any intercompany debt owed by CombiMatrix and its subsidiaries to Acacia and its subsidiaries will be settled and eliminated. No intercompany debt will exist between the Acacia Tax Group and the CombiMatrix Tax Group immediately after the Distribution other than (1) intercompany debt that will be repaid in connection with the Distribution and (ii) certain obligations pursuant to the Distribution Agreement.

10.          At the time of Distribution, CombiMatrix will issue to the persons specified on Schedule 1 , warrants to purchase a number of shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock (“CombiMatrix Warrant”), in respect of a warrant currently held by such persons to purchase the number of shares of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock (“AR-CBMX Warrant”). At the time of the Distribution, the AR-CBMX Warrant will be adjusted to become, in addition to the AR-CBMX Warrant, the CombiMatrix Warrant. The exercise prices of the CombiMatrix Warrant and the AR-CBMX Warrant and the number of shares subject to such warrants will be adjusted using a formula that will ensure that (1) the aggregate intrinsic values of the warrants immediately before and after the Distribution are the same, (2) the ratio of the exercise price per warrant to the market value per share is the same immediately before and after the Distribution, and (3) the vesting provisions and exercise period of the CombiMatrix Warrant are the same as the original vesting provisions and exercise period of the AR-CBMX Warrant.

2

 
11.       None of the CombiMatrix Warrants should be considered a stock interest.

12.       Aside from the CombiMatrix Common Stock outstanding at the time of the Distribution, CombiMatrix will have no stock interests outstanding at the time of the Distribution.

13.       None of the shareholders of Acacia will receive debt securities of CombiMatrix in the Distribution.

14.       Acacia has no debt security holders. No debt securities are to be exchanged in the Distribution.

15.       The stock options to be issued by CombiMatrix as compensation to employees, directors and/or independent contractors (i) will contain customary terms and conditions, (ii) will be granted in connection with the performance of services for CombiMatrix or a person related to the grantor under section 355(d)(7)(A) of the Code, (iii) will not be excessive by reference to the services performed, (iv) will be nontransferable within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.83-3(d) immediately after the Distribution or within six months thereafter, and (v) will not have a readily ascertainable fair market value as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.83-7(b) immediately after the Distribution and within six months thereafter.

16.       For each of the past five years, (a) CombiMatrix has directly conducted the CombiMatrix Business, and (b) the CombiMatrix Business has had gross receipts and operating expenses representative of the active conduct of a trade or business, and, in this connection, has had employees performing active and substantial management and operational functions. There have been no substantial operational changes to the CombiMatrix Business since August 30, 2006, the date Internal Revenue Service issued a Private Letter Ruling to Acacia regarding the Distribution, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 1 hereto.

17.       The employee payroll expense, headcount information and description of employees’ titles, functions and types of duties set forth in Exhibit 2 attached hereto and relating to the CombiMatrix Business are true, correct and complete in all material respects.

3

 
18.       There has not been a substantial change in the type of business conducted or the method of conducting the CombiMatrix Business during the five-year period ending on the date hereof.
 
19.       The assets and businesses which were acquired within the past five (5) years in taxable transactions, do not form part of the assets and businesses upon which CombiMatrix or any of its businesses relies to satisfy the active conduct of a trade or business test set forth in Section 355(b)(2).

20.       None of the real property, intellectual property, or other intangible property historically occupied or used by the CombiMatrix Business will be separated in the transaction from its business.

21.       The gross assets of the CombiMatrix Business trade or business to be directly conducted by CombiMatrix and relied upon by CombiMatrix to satisfy the active trade or business requirement of Section 355(b) will have a fair market value that is five percent (5%) or more of the total fair market value of the gross assets of CombiMatrix immediately following the Distribution.

22.       Following the Distribution, Acacia and CombiMatrix will each continue the active conduct of its business, independently and with its separate employees. Additionally, following the Distribution, neither Acacia nor CombiMatrix will share the services of any employees, and there are no planned or intended substantial reductions in business activity for any active business.

23.       Payments, if any, made in connection with all continuing transactions between Acacia and CombiMatrix (or any of their affiliates) after the Distribution will be for fair market value based on terms and conditions arrived at by the parties bargaining at arm’s length.

24.       CombiMatrix has no plan or intention not to continue, and during the one-year period following the Distribution will continue, the active conduct of its businesses, as constituted immediately after the Distribution, independently and with its separate employees, and it will use a significant portion of its business assets as so constituted in such businesses.

25.       CombiMatrix is not an investment company within the meaning the Section 368(a)(2)(F)(iii) and (iv) of the Code.

26.       CombiMatrix has no plan or intention to, and will not during the one-year period following the Distribution, liquidate, merge with any other corporation or sell or otherwise dispose of any of its historic assets or businesses subsequent to the Distribution, except for (a) sales or dispositions in the ordinary course of business, (b) transactions described in Section 368(a)(2)(C) of the Code, or (c) sales or other dispositions of assets of such corporation having a gross fair market value (determined based on disposition proceeds, including the assumption of debt) that in the aggregate does not exceed fifty percent (50%) of the total fair market value of such company’s assets.

4

 
27.       At the time of the Distribution, CombiMatrix will not have outstanding any warrants, options, convertible securities, or any other type of right pursuant to which any person could acquire stock in CombiMatrix, except for certain employee stock options and the AR-CBMX Warrants.
 
28.       CombiMatrix has no plan or intention to, and for a period of one (1) year following the Distribution will not, transfer or cause to be transferred any assets held by CombiMatrix to an affiliate in a transaction described in Section 351 or Section 118 of the Code.

29.       The Distribution transaction is not used principally as a device for the distribution of the earnings and profits of Acacia or CombiMatrix or both.

30.       For purposes of Section 355(d), immediately after the Distribution, no person (determined after applying Section 355(d)(7)) will hold stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of CombiMatrix stock entitled to vote, or fifty percent (50%) or more of the total value of shares of all classes of CombiMatrix stock, that was acquired by purchase (as defined in Sections 355(d)(5) and (8)) during the five-year period (determined after applying Section 355(d)(6)) ending on the date of the Distribution.

31.       The Distribution is not part of a plan or series of related transactions (within the meaning of Section 1.355-7T) pursuant to which one or more persons will acquire, directly or indirectly, stock possessing a 50-percent or greater interest (within the meaning of Section 355(d)(4)) in Acacia or CombiMatrix (including any predecessor or successor of any such corporation).

32.       During the two (2)-year period beginning on the Distribution Date, CombiMatrix will not engage in any transaction or transactions which is part of a plan (or series of related transactions) related to the Distribution pursuant to which one or more persons acquire directly or indirectly stock representing a fifty percent (50%) or greater interest in CombiMatrix or will be treated as acquiring such interest pursuant to Section 355(e) as a result of the acquisition of assets of CombiMatrix or otherwise, all within the meaning of Section 355(e).

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have, on behalf of the Company, executed this CombiMatrix Tax Representation Letter this December [___], 2006.
 
 
 
    /s/ Amit Kumar                                                      
Amit Kumar
President and Chief Executive Officer  
 
5

 
Schedule 3.02(c)
 
Pre-Distribution Tax-Free Transactions
 
Contribution of stock of CombiMatrix K.K. by Acacia to CombiMatrix Corporation. Contribution of stock of Advanced Material Sciences by Acacia to CombiMatrix Corporation.
 
EXHIBIT 10.2

 

 
 

 
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
 
by and between
 
ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
 
and
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 

 
 
December 21, 2006
 
 


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Article I DEFINITIONS  
Page
Section 1.01 General  
1
Article II THE CONTRIBUTION    
1
Section 2.01 Intercorporate Reorganization
14
Section 2.02 Financial Instruments
16
Section 2.03 Intercompany Accounts and Arrangements
17
Section 2.04 The CombiMatrix Board
18
Section 2.05 Resignations, Transfer of Stock Held as Nominee
19
Section 2.06 CombiMatrix Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
19
Section 2.07 Consents  
19
Article III THE DISTRIBUTION  
20
Section 3.01 The Distribution  
20
Section 3.02 Fractional Shares  
21
Section 3.03 Cooperation Prior to the Distribution
21
Section 3.04 Acacia Board Action Conditions to the Distribution
22
Section 3.05 Waiver of Conditions
23
Article IV MUTUAL RELEASE; INDEMNIFICATION; EXPENSES
23
Section 4.01 Mutual Release  
23
Section 4.02 Indemnification by Acacia
24
Section 4.03 Indemnification by CombiMatrix
24
Section 4.04 Limitations on Indemnification Obligations
25
Section 4.05 Procedures Relating to Indemnification
26
Section 4.06 Remedies Cumulative
27
Section 4.07 Indemnification Under Tax Allocation Agreement
28
Section 4.08 Expenses  
28
Article V CERTAIN OTHER MATTERS
29
Section 5.01 Insurance  
29
Section 5.02 Use of Names, Trademarks, etc.
31
Section 5.03 CombiMatrix Warrants
32
Article VI ACCESS TO INFORMATION
  33
Section 6.01 Provision of Corporate Records
33
Section 6.02 Access to Information
33
Section 6.03 Production of Witnesses
34
Section 6.04 Retention of Records
34
Section 6.05 Confidentiality  
35
Article VII MISCELLANEOUS
35
Section 7.01 Entire Agreement; Construction
35
Section 7.02 Survival of Agreements
36
Section 7.03
Governing Law  
36
Section 7.04 Notices  
36
Section 7.05 Dispute Resolution
37
Section 7.06 Consent to Jurisdiction
37
Section 7.07 Amendments  
38
Section 7.08 Assignment  
38
Section 7.09 Captions; Currency
38
Section 7.10 Severability  
38
Section 7.11 Parties in Interest  
39
Section 7.12 Schedules  
39
Section 7.13 Termination  
39
Section 7.14 Waivers; Remedies
39
Section 7.15 Further Assurances
39
Section 7.16 Counterparts  
39
Section 7.17 Performance  
40
Section 7.18 Interpretation  
40
     
 


 
SCHEDULES
 

 
Schedule 1.01(a)
 
 
Acacia Liabilities
 
Schedule 1.01(b)
 
-
 
Bylaws
 
Schedule 1.01(c)
 
-
 
Certificate of Incorporation
 
Schedule 1.01(d)
 
-
 
CombiMatrix Assets
 
Schedule 1.01(e)
 
-
 
CombiMatrix Liabilities
 
Schedule 1.01(f)
 
-
 
CombiMatrix Real Property
 
Schedule 1.01(g)
 
-
 
CombiMatrix Subsidiary
 
Schedule 2.01(c)
 
-
 
Acacia Actions
 
Schedule 2.03(a)
 
-
 
Elimination of Intercompany Agreements
 
Schedule 2.03(b)
 
-
 
Intercompany Agreements
 
Schedule 2.04
 
-
 
CombiMatrix Board of Directors
 
Schedule 2.05
 
-
 
Exceptions to Acacia Resignations
 
Schedule 5.03(a)
 
-
 
CombiMatrix/May 2003 Warrant
 
Schedule 5.03(b)
 
-
 
CombiMatrix/Piper 2005 Warrant
 
Schedule 5.03(c)
 
-
 
CombiMatrix/Oppenheimer Warrant
 



DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
 
This Distribution Agreement (this “ Agreement ”) is made and entered into as of December 21, 2006, by and between Acacia Research Corporation , a Delaware corporation (“ Acacia ”), and CombiMatrix Corporation , a Delaware corporation and, as of the date hereof, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Acacia (“ CombiMatrix ”). Capitalized terms used in this Agreement shall have the meanings set forth in Section 1.01.
 
RECITALS
 
A.       The Acacia Board has determined that it is appropriate and desirable to distribute all outstanding shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock on a pro rata basis to the holders of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock.
 
B.       Subject to the terms and conditions contained herein, immediately prior to the Distribution, Acacia and the Acacia Subsidiaries will transfer the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries to CombiMatrix as more fully described in this Agreement (the “ Contribution ”).
 
C.       Acacia and CombiMatrix have determined that it is appropriate and desirable to set forth the principal corporate transactions required to effect the Contribution and the Distribution and certain other agreements that will govern certain matters relating to the Contribution and the Distribution and the relationship of Acacia, CombiMatrix and the respective members of the Acacia Group and the CombiMatrix Group following the Contribution and the Distribution.
 
AGREEMENT
 
Accordingly , in consideration of the premises and of the respective agreements and covenants contained in this Agreement, the parties hereby agree as follows:
 
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
 
Section 1.01       General . As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings (such meanings to be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined):
 
Acacia ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
Acacia Assets ” means the following:
 
(a)       all rights of any member of the Acacia Group under any Separation Agreement to which it is or becomes a party;
 
(b)       all Assets which are expressly allocated to any member of the Acacia Group pursuant to the Employee Matters Agreement or the Tax Allocation Agreement;
 

 
(c)       the following specifically enumerated Assets which immediately prior to the Time of Distribution are owned by Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group), in each case whether or not such Assets are used in or relate to the Acacia Business or the CombiMatrix Business:
 
(i)       all Acacia Bank Accounts;
 
(ii)     all Acacia Cash;
 
(iii)     all Accounts Receivable other than CombiMatrix Accounts Receivable;
 
(iv)     all Inventories other than CombiMatrix Inventories;
 
(v)       all Securities;
 
(vi)     all Machinery and Equipment other than CombiMatrix Machinery and Equipment;
 
(vii)     all Real Property other than CombiMatrix Real Property;
 
(viii)     all Patents and Trademarks other than those set forth on Schedule 1.01(d);
 
(ix)       all rights in, and to the use of, the Acacia Marks, other than as provided for in Section 5.02;
 
(x)        all Policies and all rights, benefits and privileges thereunder and related thereto (including the right to receive any and all return premiums with respect thereto), other than rights with respect to Policies to the extent provided in Sections 5.01(b) and 5.01(c); and
 
(d)       all other Assets which immediately prior to the Time of Distribution are owned by Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) that are not CombiMatrix Assets; and
 
(e)       all rights, causes of action and claims of Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) to the extent relating to any asset described in clauses (a) through (d) above.
 
Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, assets described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of the definition of “CombiMatrix Assets” will not be included in Acacia Assets.
 
Acacia Bank Accounts ” means all bank accounts of Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) immediately prior to the Time of Distribution, other than CombiMatrix Bank Accounts.
 
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Acacia Board ” means the Board of Directors of Acacia or a duly authorized committee thereof.
 
Acacia Business ” means (a) the businesses and operations engaged in prior to the Time of Distribution by Persons comprising the Pre-Distribution Group (but with respect to each such Person who has ceased to be an Affiliate of Acacia or its predecessors, only businesses engaged in prior to the time that such Person comprising the Pre-Distribution Group ceased to be an Affiliate of Acacia or its predecessors) of acquiring, developing, licensing and enforcing patents rights, including (i) assisting patent holders in developing additional claims for their patents, (ii) assisting patent holders in protecting their patented inventions from unauthorized use, and (iii) generating revenue from the licensing of patents and, if necessary, enforcing patents; and (b) activities related primarily to the foregoing, other than any businesses, operations or activities included in the CombiMatrix Business.
 
Acacia Cash ” means all (i) cash (including cash in bank accounts), cash on hand, cash equivalents, funds, certificates of deposit, similar instruments and travelers checks held by Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries and Affiliates (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) immediately prior to the Time of Distribution and (ii) cash deposits held by third parties securing or otherwise collateralizing obligations of Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates (including Persons comprising CombiMatrix Group) immediately prior to the Time of Distribution, other than, in the case of each of the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii), CombiMatrix Cash.
 
Acacia Expenses ” means all out-of-pocket fees, costs and expenses of Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) incurred prior to the Time of Distribution in connection with effecting the Contribution, the Distribution, the preparation, execution and delivery of the Separation Agreements and the consummation of the Contribution and the Distribution, other than CombiMatrix Expenses.
 
Acacia Group ” means Acacia and the Acacia Subsidiaries.
 
Acacia Indemnitees ” mean each member of the Acacia Group and each of their respective Representatives and Affiliates and each of the heirs, executors, successors and permitted assigns of any of the foregoing.
 
Acacia Liabilities ” means the following:
 
(a)       all Liabilities of any member of the Acacia Group under any Separation Agreement to which it is or becomes a party;
 
(b)       all Liabilities for which any member of the Acacia Group is expressly made responsible pursuant to the Employee Matters Agreement or the Tax Allocation Agreement;
 
(c)       the specifically enumerated Liabilities of Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) identified on Schedule 1.01(a), in each case whether or not such Liabilities relate to the Acacia Business, Acacia Assets, the CombiMatrix Business or CombiMatrix Assets:
 
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(d)       all other Liabilities of Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) in respect of operations engaged in prior to the Time of Distribution that are not CombiMatrix Liabilities.
 
Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, Liabilities described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of the definition of “CombiMatrix Liabilities” will not be included in Acacia Liabilities.
 
Acacia Marks ” means the names, trademarks, trade names, domain names and service marks “Acacia”, “Acacia Research Corporation”, Digital Media Technology”, “Digital Media” and “DMT” and all corporate symbols and logos related thereto and all names, trademarks, trade names, domain names and service marks which include the words “Acacia”, “Acacia Research Corporation”, “Digital Media Technology” and “DMT” or any derivatives thereof and any other name, mark or symbol of the Acacia Group, including, without limitation, names, marks or symbols connoting “Acacia” or “DMT” which constitute a formative thereof.
 
Acacia Subsidiary ” means each Subsidiary of Acacia other than CombiMatrix and the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries.
 
Action ” means, with respect to any Person, any actual or threatened or future action, suit, arbitration, inquiry, proceeding or investigation by or before any Governmental Entity or any claims or other legal matters that have been or may be asserted by or against, or otherwise affect, such Person.
 
Affiliate ” means, with respect to any specified Person, any other Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such specified Person; provided , however , that for purposes of the Separation Agreements, following the Time of Distribution, neither Acacia nor any Acacia Subsidiary shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of any member of the CombiMatrix Group and neither CombiMatrix nor any CombiMatrix Subsidiary shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of any member of the Acacia Group. For purposes of the immediately preceding sentence, the term “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any Person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
 
Agreement ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
American Stock Exchange ” means the American Stock Exchange LLC.
 
Asset/Liability Allocation Matter ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.01(b).
 
Assigning Party ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.07.
 
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Business Day ” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day when banks are authorized or required by law to be closed in California.
 
Bylaws ” means CombiMatrix’s amended Bylaws in the form attached hereto as Schedule 1.01(b).
 
CBMX Tracking Stock ” means Acacia Research-CombiMatrix Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share.
 
Certificate of Incorporation ” means CombiMatrix’s restated certificate of incorporation in the form attached hereto as Schedule 1.01(c).
 
Claims Administration ” means the processing of claims made under Policies, including the reporting of claims to the insurance carrier, management and defense of claims, and providing for appropriate releases upon settlement of claims.
 
Claims Made Policies ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(b)(ii).
 
Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any successor legislation.
 
CombiMatrix ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
CombiMatrix Accounts Receivable ” mean the Accounts Receivable set forth on the CombiMatrix Accounting Ledgers immediately prior to the Time of Distribution.
 
CombiMatrix Assets ” means the following:
 
(a)       all rights of any member of the CombiMatrix Group under any Separation Agreement to which it is or becomes a party;
 
(b)       all Assets which are expressly allocated to any member of the CombiMatrix Group pursuant to the Employee Matters Agreement or the Tax Allocation Agreement;
 
(c)       the following specifically enumerated Assets which immediately prior to the Time of Distribution are owned by Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group):
 
(i)       the CombiMatrix Bank Accounts;
 
(ii)     the CombiMatrix Cash (subject to Section 2.04(b));
 
(iii)     the CombiMatrix Accounts Receivable;
 
(iv)    the CombiMatrix Inventories;
 
(v)       the CombiMatrix Machinery and Equipment;
 
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(vi)     the CombiMatrix Real Property;
 
(vii)     the Patents and Trademarks set forth on Schedule 1.01(d);
 
(viii)     all assets identified in Schedule 1.01(d) as CombiMatrix’s;
 
(d)       the following Assets (other than those described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of the definition of “Acacia Assets”) which immediately prior to the Time of Distribution are owned by Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) and which are used exclusively in or relate exclusively to the CombiMatrix Business, as the same shall exist as of such time:
 
(i)       Contracts;
 
(ii)     advances, performance and surety bonds, and interests as beneficiary under letters of credit and other similar instruments and all proceeds thereof;
 
(iii)     Permits;
 
(iv)     credits, prepayments and prepaid expenses;
 
(v)       claims, causes of action, rights under express or implied warranties, guarantees and indemnities and similar rights, rights of recovery, rights of set-off, rights of subrogation and all other rights of any kind (including the right to receive mail and other communications); and
 
(vi)     goodwill, going concern value and other intangible assets not otherwise included in clauses (a) through (q) of the definition of “Assets”;
 
(e)       the following Assets (other than those described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of the definition of “Acacia Assets”) which immediately prior to the Time of Distribution are owned by Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) and which are used 75% or more in or relate 75% or more to the CombiMatrix Business, as the same shall exist as of such time:
 
(i)       Data and Records; and
 
(ii)     Trade Secrets; and

(f)      
all rights, causes of action and claims of Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) to the extent relating to any asset described in clauses (a) through (e) above.
 
Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, assets described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of the definition of “Acacia Assets” will not be included in CombiMatrix Assets.
 
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CombiMatrix Bank Accounts ” means all bank accounts which are solely in the name of one or more members of the CombiMatrix Group immediately prior to the Time of Distribution.
 
CombiMatrix Board ” means the Board of Directors of CombiMatrix.
 
CombiMatrix Business ” means (a) the business and operations engaged in prior to the Time of Distribution by the members of the Pre-Distribution Group (but with respect to each such member who has ceased to be an Affiliate of Acacia or its predecessors, only businesses engaged in prior to the time that such member of the Pre-Distribution Group ceased to be an Affiliate of Acacia or its predecessors) of (i) developing and licensing products for use by academic and industrial researchers to develop various pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other applications and (ii) developing and licensing additional proprietary products that have, and can be used for, such diverse applications as drug target discovery and validations, genotyping, pathogen detection and/or agricultural analysis; and (b) activities related primarily to the foregoing.
 
CombiMatrix Cash ” means (i) the following to the extent set forth on the CombiMatrix Accounting Ledgers immediately prior to the Time of Distribution or located at Locations of the CombiMatrix Business at the Time of Distribution: cash in CombiMatrix Bank Accounts, cash on hand, cash equivalents, funds, certificates of deposits, similar instruments and travelers checks and (ii) cash deposits held by third parties securing or otherwise collateralizing obligations relating to the CombiMatrix Business immediately prior to the Time of Distribution.
 
CombiMatrix Common Stock ” means the common stock, par value $.00l per share, of CombiMatrix.
 
CombiMatrix Expenses ” means the following out-of-pocket fees, costs and expenses of Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group), in each case, whether incurred and/or paid before, at or after the Time of Distribution: all out-of-pocket fees, costs and expenses of the transfer agent and registrar for the CombiMatrix Common Stock.
 
CombiMatrix Financial Instruments ” means those credit facilities, guaranties, foreign currency forward exchange contracts, comfort letters, letters of credit and similar instruments related to the CombiMatrix Business under which any member of the Acacia Group has any primary, secondary, contingent, joint, several or other Liability.
 
CombiMatrix Group ” means CombiMatrix and the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries.
 
CombiMatrix Indemnitees ” means each member of the CombiMatrix Group and each of their respective Representatives and Affiliates and each of the heirs, executors, successors and permitted assigns of any of the foregoing.
 
CombiMatrix Inventories ” means the Inventories set forth on the CombiMatrix Accounting Ledgers immediately prior to Time of Distribution.
 
CombiMatrix Liabilities ” means the following:
 
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(a)       all Liabilities of any Person comprising the CombiMatrix Group under any Separation Agreement to which it is or becomes a party;
 
(b)       all Liabilities for which any Person comprising the CombiMatrix Group is expressly made responsible pursuant to the Employee Matters Agreement or the Tax Allocation Agreement;
 
(c)       the specifically enumerated Liabilities of CombiMatrix or any of its Subsidiaries set forth on Schedule 1.01(e), in each case whether or not such Liabilities relate to the Acacia Business, Acacia Assets, the CombiMatrix Business or CombiMatrix Assets; and
 
(d)       all Liabilities (other than those described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of the definition of “Acacia Liabilities”) of Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) to the extent based upon, arising out of or relating to the CombiMatrix Assets or the CombiMatrix Business, including:
 
(i)       all Liabilities (including Liabilities arising out of any breaches or violations) to the extent relating to the CombiMatrix’s Business based upon, arising out of or relating to Contracts (whether or not such Contracts constitute CombiMatrix Assets) (including any primary, secondary, contingent or other obligations, such as under guaranties or indemnities, in respect of such Contracts); and
 
(ii)     the Actions set forth on Schedule 1.01(e).
 
Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, Liabilities described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of the definition of “Acacia Liabilities” will not be included in CombiMatrix Liabilities.
 
CombiMatrix Machinery and Equipment ” means the Machinery and Equipment set forth on the CombiMatrix Accounting Ledgers immediately prior to the Time of Distribution.
 
CombiMatrix Real Property ” means the Real Property set forth on Schedule 1.01(f)
 
CombiMatrix Subsidiary ” means each Person listed on Schedule 1.01(g).
 
CombiMatrix/May 2003 Warrant ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.03(a).
 
CombiMatrix/Piper 2005 Warrant ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.03(b).
 
CombiMatrix/Oppenheimer Warrant ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.03(c).
 
Commission ” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
Consents ” means consents, approvals, waivers, clearances, exemptions, allowances, novations, authorizations, filings, registrations and notifications.
 
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Contracts ” means all agreements, personal property leases, contracts (including employee contracts), licenses, memoranda of understanding, letters of intent, sales orders, purchase orders, open bids and other commitments, including in each case, all amendments, modifications and supplements thereto and waivers and consents thereunder, but excluding real property leases.
 
Contribution ” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals.
 
Conveyance Instruments ” means, collectively, the various agreements, stock powers, certificates of title, instruments of conveyance and assignment, and other instruments and documents to be entered into to effect the transfer of Subsidiaries contemplated by the transactions described in Sections 2.01(b) and (c).
 
Data and Records ” means financial, accounting, corporate, operating, design, manufacturing, test and other data and records (in each case, in whatever form or medium, including electronic media), including books, records, notes, sales and sales promotional material and data, advertising materials, credit information, cost and pricing information, customer, supplier and agent lists, other records pertaining to customers, business plans, reference catalogs, payroll and personnel records and procedures, blue-prints, research and development files, data and laboratory books, sales order files, litigation files, minute books, stock ledgers, stock transfer records and other similar data and records.
 
Dispute ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.05.
 
Distribution ” means the distribution, on the basis provided for in Section 3.01, to the holders of CBMX Tracking Stock of the shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock owned by Acacia on the Distribution Date.
 
Distribution Agent ” means the distribution agent selected by Acacia to distribute CombiMatrix Common Stock in connection with the Distribution.
 
Distribution Date ” means the date determined by the Acacia Board in accordance with Section 3.01 as the date as of which the Distribution will be effected.
 
Employee Matters Agreement ” means the Employee Matters Agreement dated as of the date hereof entered into prior to the Time of Distribution by and between Acacia and CombiMatrix.
 
Former Business ” means any corporation, partnership, entity, division, business unit, business, assets, plants, product line, operations or contract (including any assets and liabilities comprising the same) that has been sold, conveyed, assigned, transferred or otherwise disposed of or divested (in whole or in part) by any member of the Pre-Distribution Group or the operations, activities or production of which has been discontinued, abandoned, completed or otherwise terminated (in whole or in part) by any member of the Pre-Distribution Group.
 
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Governmental Entity ” means any government or any court, arbitral tribunal, administrative agency or commission or other governmental or regulatory authority or agency, federal, state, local, domestic, foreign or international.
 
Group ” means the Acacia Group or the CombiMatrix Group, as applicable.
 
Indemnifiable Losses ” means any and all losses, Liabilities, claims, damages, deficiencies, obligations, fines, payments, Taxes, Liens, costs and expenses, matured or unmatured, absolute or contingent, accrued or unaccrued, liquidated or unliquidated, known or unknown, whenever arising and whether or not resulting from Third Party Claims (including the costs and expenses of any and all Actions; all amounts paid in connection with any demands, assessments, judgments, settlements and compromises relating thereto; interest and penalties with respect thereto; out-of-pocket expenses and reasonable attorneys’, accountants’ and other experts’ fees and expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing for or defending against any such Actions or in asserting, preserving or enforcing an Indemnitee’s rights hereunder; and any losses that may result from the granting of injunctive relief as a result of any such Actions).
 
Indemnifying Party ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.04(a).
 
Indemnitee ” means any of the Acacia Indemnitees or the CombiMatrix Indemnitees who or which is entitled to seek indemnification under this Agreement.
 
Indemnity Reduction Amounts ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.04(a).
 
Information ” means all records, books, contracts, instruments, computer data and other data and information (in each case, in whatever form or medium, including electronic media).
 
Insurance Proceeds ” means monies (a) received by an insured from an insurance carrier, (b) paid by an insurance carrier on behalf of an insured or (c) received from any third party in the nature of insurance, contribution or indemnification in respect of any Liability.
 
Liabilities ” means any and all claims, debts, liabilities, commitments and obligations of whatever nature, whether fixed, contingent or absolute, matured or unmatured, liquidated or unliquidated, accrued or not accrued, known or unknown, due or to become due, whenever or however arising and whether or not the same would be required by generally accepted accounting principles to be reflected as a liability in financial statements or disclosed in the notes thereto, including all costs and expenses relating thereto and those claims, debts, liabilities, commitments and obligations:
 
(a)       based upon, arising out of or relating to any law, statute, rule, regulation, judgment, order, decision or consent decree of any Governmental Entity or any noncompliance therewith or breach or violation of any thereof;
 
(b)      in respect of accounts payable;
 
(c)       in respect of outstanding checks;
 
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(d)       based upon, arising out of or relating to workers’ compensation, automobile liability, general liability, product liability, intellectual property liability and other claims and matters (whether direct or for indemnification of any Person or otherwise, and whether insured or uninsured);
 
(e)       based upon, arising out of or relating to Actions or any award of any arbitrator of any kind;
 
(f)       in respect of salary, bonuses, incentive payments, severance payments and other compensation payments and all Taxes and withholdings related thereto;
 
(g)       in respect of employee welfare and fringe benefits (including claims for medical and disability benefits);
 
(h)       based upon, arising out of or relating to environmental matters (including the presence, release or threatened release of hazardous materials or any other environmental conditions or the violation of any environmental laws), including all removal, remediation and cleanup costs, investigatory costs, settlement costs, governmental response costs, natural resources damages, property damages, personal injury damages and all other costs and damages;
 
(i)       based upon, arising out of or relating to Contracts;
 
(j)       based upon, arising out of or relating to torts (whether based on negligence, strict liability or otherwise) or infringements; and
 
(k)       in respect of products and services, including warranty liabilities, deferred revenues, product liability claims and liabilities in respect of the return, repair or replacement of products.
 
Liability Allocation Matter ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.01(b).
 
Lien ” means any lien, security interest, pledge, mortgage, charge, restriction, retention of title agreement or other encumbrance of whatever nature.
 
Machinery and Equipment ” means machinery, equipment, tooling, vehicles, furniture and fixtures (other than real property fixtures), leasehold improvements, repair parts, tools, plant, laboratory and office equipment and supplies, computer hardware and software, computer networking equipment, engineering and design equipment, test equipment and other tangible personal property (other than tangible personal property included in other categories of assets in the definition of “Assets”), together with any rights or claims arising out of maintenance or service contracts relating thereto or the breach of any express or implied warranty by the manufacturers or sellers of any of such assets or any component part thereof.
 
Occurrence Basis Policies ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(b)(i).
 
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Oppenheimer Warrant ” means any warrant issued in Acacia’s registered direct offering in December 2006 in which Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. acted as the placement agent.
 
Permits ” means licenses, permits, authorizations, Consents, certificates, registrations, variances, franchises and other approvals from any Governmental Entity, including those relating to environmental matters.
 
Person ” means any individual, partnership, joint venture, corporation, limited liability entity, trust, unincorporated organization or other entity (including a Governmental Entity).
 
May 2003 Warrant ” means any warrant issued in Acacia’s May 2003 private placement transaction.
 
Piper 2005 Warrant ” means any warrant issued in Acacia’s registered direct offering in September 2005 in which Piper Jaffrey & Co. acted as the placement agent.
 
Policies ” means all insurance policies, insurance contracts and claim administration contracts of any kind of Acacia and its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) and their predecessors which were or are in effect at any time at or prior to the Time of Distribution (other than insurance policies, insurance contracts and claim administration contracts established in contemplation of the Distribution to cover only CombiMatrix and its Subsidiaries after the Time of Distribution), including primary, excess and umbrella, commercial general liability, fiduciary liability, product liability, automobile, aircraft, property and casualty, business interruption, directors and officers liability, employment practices liability, workers’ compensation, crime, errors and omissions, special accident, cargo and employee dishonesty insurance policies and captive insurance company arrangements, together with all rights, benefits and privileges thereunder.
 
Pre-Distribution Group ” means (a) each of Acacia, the Subsidiaries of Acacia existing immediately prior to the Time of Distribution (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) and Persons that have ceased to be Subsidiaries of Acacia prior to the Time of Distribution, (b) each of the predecessors of each of the foregoing and (c) each of the Persons that have ceased to be Subsidiaries and other Affiliates of each of the foregoing and their predecessors prior to the Time of Distribution.
 
Privileged Information ” means, with respect to a Group, Information regarding a member of such Group, or any of its operations, employees, assets or Liabilities (whether in documents or stored in any other form or known to its employees or agents) that is or may be protected from disclosure pursuant to the attorney-client privilege, the work product doctrine or other applicable privileges, that a member of the other Group has or may come into possession of or has obtained or may obtain access to pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise.
 
Real Property ” means real property (including land, plants, buildings, real property fixtures and improvements) and real property interests (including real property leases, easements and rights of way, occupancy or use).
 
Recipient Party ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.08.
 
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Record Date ” means the close of business on the forty-fifth (45 th ) Trading Day following the effective date of the Registration Statement.
 
Representative ” means, with respect to any Person, any of such Person’s directors, officers, employees, agents, consultants, advisors, accountants, attorneys and representatives.
 
Registration Statement ” means the registration statement on Form S-1 filed by CombiMatrix with the Commission to effect the registration of the CombiMatrix Common Stock pursuant to the Securities Act, including all amendments thereto filed by CombiMatrix with the Commission prior to the Time of Distribution.
 
Securities ” means all short-term and long-term investments, banker’s acceptances, shares of stock, notes, bonds, debentures, evidences of indebtedness, certificates of interest or participation in profit-sharing agreements, collateral-trust certificates, preorganization certificates or subscriptions, transferable shares, puts, calls, straddles, options, investment contracts, voting trusts and certificates and other securities of any kind (other than ownership interests in Subsidiaries).
 
Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
 
Separation Agreements ” means, collectively, this Agreement, the Employee Matters Agreement, the Tax Allocation Agreement, the Conveyance Instruments, and any other agreement entered into between Acacia and CombiMatrix in connection with the Contribution and the Distribution.
 
Subsidiary ” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation or other organization, whether incorporated or unincorporated, of which such Person or any Subsidiaries of such Person controls or owns, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the stock or other equity interest, or more than 50% of the voting power entitled to vote on the election of members to the board of directors or similar governing body. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “Subsidiary” shall also mean, with respect to CombiMatrix, the following entities: (i) Leuchemix, a California corporation, and (ii) CombiMatrix K.K., a Japanese corporation.
 
Tax ” and “ Taxes ” shall have the meaning set forth in the Tax Allocation Agreement.
 
Tax Allocation Agreement ” means the Tax Allocation Agreement dated as of the date hereof entered into prior to the Time of Distribution by and between Acacia and CombiMatrix.
 
Third Party Claim ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.05(a).
 
Time of Distribution ” means the close of business on the Distribution Date.
 
Trade Secrets ” means (a) trade secrets and confidential business and technical information (including ideas, research and development, know-how, formulas, technology, compositions, manufacturing and production processes and techniques, technical data, engineering, production and other designs, drawings, engineering notebooks, industrial models, mask works, semiconductor chip topographies, software and specifications and any other information meeting the definition of a trade secret under the Uniform Trade Secrets Act); (b) computer and electronic data processing programs and software, both source code and object code (including data and related documentation, flow charts, diagrams, descriptive texts and programs, computer print-outs, underlying tapes, computer databases and similar items), computer applications and operating programs; and (c) all copies and tangible embodiments of any or all of the foregoing (in whatever form or medium, including electronic media).
 
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Trading Day ” shall have the meaning as set forth in Acacia’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
 
ARTICLE II
THE CONTRIBUTION
 
Section 2.01       Intercorporate Reorganization .
 
(a)       Prior to the Time of Distribution, Acacia and CombiMatrix will take all actions necessary to increase the outstanding shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock so that, immediately prior to the Distribution, Acacia will hold a number of shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock (rounded down to the nearest whole share) equal to the aggregate number of shares of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock (excluding treasury shares held by Acacia) issued and outstanding as of the Record Date.
 
(b)       As of the Time o f Distribution
 
(i)       Acacia and each Acacia Subsidiary shall convey, assign and transfer, or cause to be conveyed, assigned and transferred, to CombiMatrix any and all right, title and interest of Acacia and each of the Acacia Subsidiaries in the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries;
 
(ii)     CombiMatrix and the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries shall not have any right, title or interest in or to any Acacia Subsidiary or Acacia Asset;
 
(iii)     Acacia shall unconditionally assume and undertake to pay, perform and discharge, in a timely manner and in accordance with the terms thereof, all Liabilities of CombiMatrix and the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries that are Acacia Liabilities; and
 
(iv)       CombiMatrix shall unconditionally assume and undertake to pay, perform and discharge, in a timely manner and in accordance with the terms thereof, all Liabilities of Acacia and the Acacia Subsidiaries that are CombiMatrix Liabilities.
 
If at any time or from time to time (whether at or after the Time of Distribution) any member of the Acacia Group shall receive or otherwise possess any CombiMatrix Asset or interest in a CombiMatrix Subsidiary, such member will promptly convey, assign and transfer, or cause to be conveyed, assigned and transferred, such CombiMatrix Asset or interest in a CombiMatrix Subsidiary to CombiMatrix. If at any time or from time to time (whether at or after the Time of Distribution) any member of the CombiMatrix Group shall receive or otherwise possess any Acacia Asset or interest in an Acacia Subsidiary, such member will promptly convey, assign and transfer, or cause to be conveyed, assigned and transferred, such Acacia Asset or interest in an Acacia Subsidiary to Acacia. Prior to any such transfer, the Person receiving or possessing such Asset or interest in a Subsidiary will hold such Asset or interest in a Subsidiary in trust for the benefit of the Person entitled thereto (at the expense of the Person entitled thereto).
 
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If at any time or from time to time (whether at or after the Time of Distribution) either Acacia or CombiMatrix determines that the other party (or any member of such other party’s respective Group) shall not have unconditionally assumed any Liabilities that are allocated to such other party (or a member of such other party’s respective Group) pursuant to this Agreement, the Employee Matters Agreement or the Tax Allocation Agreement, such other party will promptly execute and deliver, or cause to be executed and delivered, all such documents and instruments and will take, or cause to be taken, all such actions as the requesting party may reasonably request to unconditionally assume, or cause to be unconditionally assumed, such Liabilities.
 
Solely for purposes of implementing the terms of this Agreement, during the period beginning on the date of this Agreement and ending twelve months after the Distribution Date, Acacia and CombiMatrix agree to discuss the allocation of any Asset or Liability of Acacia and its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) that either of them reasonably believes should be or should have been allocated differently than pursuant to the terms of this Agreement (an “ Asset/Liability Allocation Matter ”). The Acacia Chief Executive Officer will designate an employee of Acacia and the CombiMatrix Chief Executive Officer will designate an employee of CombiMatrix who will discuss an appropriate resolution of any Asset/Liability Allocation Matter. If within thirty days of the receipt of the notification of an Asset/Liability Allocation Matter by either Acacia or CombiMatrix pursuant to this paragraph, or such other time as Acacia and CombiMatrix may agree, the designees have not reached a mutually acceptable resolution of the Asset/Liability Allocation Matter, the matter will be referred for discussion to the Acacia Chief Executive Officer and the CombiMatrix Chief Executive Officer. Should a mutually acceptable resolution of the Asset/Liability Allocation Matter not be reached within thirty days following the referral to them, the terms and conditions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect, unamended, unmodified and unsupplemented. In no event shall the terms and conditions of this Agreement be amended, modified or supplemented other than in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.07. Nothing in this paragraph shall affect the right of any party to resort to the dispute resolution provisions of Section 7.05 in respect of any dispute, claim or controversy arising out of an alleged breach of any provision of this Agreement.
 
(c)       Acacia will take, or cause to be taken, the actions described on Schedule 2.01(c) in connection with the operation of the Acacia Business.
 
(d)       In connection with the transfers of Subsidiaries and the assumptions of Liabilities contemplated by subsections (b) and (c) of this Section 2.01, Acacia and CombiMatrix will execute or cause to be executed by the appropriate entities the Conveyance Instruments. The transfer of capital stock contemplated by such subsections will be effected by means of delivery of stock certificates duly endorsed or accompanied by duly executed stock powers and notation on the stock record books of the corporation or other legal entities involved and, to the extent required by applicable law, by notation on appropriate registries.
 
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(e)       Each of Acacia (on behalf of itself and each other member of the Acacia Group) and CombiMatrix (on behalf of itself and each other member of the CombiMatrix Group) understands and agrees that, except as expressly set forth in any Separation Agreement or any other agreement or document contemplated by any Separation Agreement, no party to any Separation Agreement, or any other agreement or document contemplated by any Separation Agreement either has or is, in such agreement or otherwise, representing or warranting in any way as to Assets, Subsidiaries, businesses or Liabilities retained, conveyed, assigned, transferred or assumed as contemplated hereby or thereby, as to any consents or approvals required in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Separation Agreements, as to the value or freedom from any Lien of, or any other matter concerning any Assets, Liabilities or Subsidiaries of, such party, or as to the absence of any defenses or rights of setoff or freedom from counterclaim with respect to any claim or other Assets or Subsidiaries of any party, or as to the legal sufficiency of any assignment, document or instrument delivered hereunder or thereunder to convey title to any Asset or Subsidiary or thing of value upon the execution, delivery or filing thereof. Except as may expressly be set forth in any Separation Agreement, all Assets and Subsidiaries being transferred or retained as contemplated by any Separation Agreement are being transferred, or are being retained, on an “as is”, “where is” basis and the respective transferees shall bear the economic and legal risks that any conveyance shall prove to be insufficient or that the title to any Asset or Subsidiary shall be other than good and marketable and free and clear of any Lien.
 
(f)       It is the intention of the parties that payments made by the parties to each other after the Time of Distribution pursuant to this Agreement, the Employee Matters Agreement or the Tax Allocation Agreement are to be treated as relating back to the transactions occurring prior to the Time of Distribution pursuant to this Section 2.01 as an adjustment to the transfers of Assets, Subsidiaries and Liabilities contemplated by this Section 2.01, and Acacia and CombiMatrix will, and will cause the Acacia Subsidiaries and the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries, respectively, to, take positions consistent with such intention with any Tax authority, unless with respect to any payment any party receives an opinion of counsel reasonably acceptable to the other party to the effect that there is no substantial authority for such a position.
 
Section 2.02       Financial Instruments .
 
(a)       CombiMatrix will (from and after the Time of Distribution, at its expense) take or cause to be taken all actions, and enter into (or cause the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries to enter into) such agreements and arrangements, as shall be necessary to effect the release of and substitution for each member of the Acacia Group, effective as of the Time of Distribution, from all primary, secondary, contingent, joint, several and other Liabilities in respect of CombiMatrix Financial Instruments (it being understood that all Liabilities in respect of CombiMatrix Financial Instruments are CombiMatrix Liabilities).
 
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(b)       CombiMatrix’s obligations under Section 2.02(a) will continue to be applicable to all CombiMatrix Financial Instruments identified at any time by Acacia, whether before, at or after the Time of Distribution.
 
Section 2.03       Intercompany Accounts and Arrangements .
 
(a)       Elimination of Intercompany Accounts .
 
(i)       Except as set forth in Section 2.03(a)(ii) or on Schedule 2.03(a), Acacia, on behalf of itself and each other member of the Acacia Group, on the one hand, and CombiMatrix, on behalf of itself and each other member of the CombiMatrix Group, on the other hand, hereby settle and eliminate, by cancellation or transfer to a member of the other Group (whether to cancel or transfer and the manner thereof will be determined by Acacia), effective as of the Time of Distribution, all intercompany receivables, payables and other balances (including intercompany cash management balances) existing immediately prior to the Time of Distribution between Acacia and/or any Acacia Subsidiary, on the one hand, and CombiMatrix and/or any CombiMatrix Subsidiary, on the other hand.
 
(ii)       The provisions of Section 2.03(a)(i) will not apply to any intercompany receivables, payables and other balances arising under any Separation Agreement, including those arising under Section 2.04 or incurred in connection with the payment by any party of any expenses which are required to be paid or reimbursed by the other party pursuant to Section 4.08.
 
(b)       Intercompany Agreements .
 
(i)       Except as set forth in Section 2.03(b)(ii), in furtherance of the releases and other provisions of Section 4.01, CombiMatrix, on behalf of itself and each other member of the CombiMatrix Group, and Acacia, on behalf of itself and each other member of the Acacia Group, hereby terminate any and all agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings in existence as of the Time of Distribution, whether or not in writing, between or among CombiMatrix and/or any CombiMatrix Subsidiary, on the one hand, and Acacia and/or any Acacia Subsidiary, on the other hand. No such terminated agreement, arrangement, commitment or understanding (including any provision thereof which purports to survive termination) shall be of any further force or effect after the Time of Distribution.
 
(ii)     The provisions of Section 2.03(b)(i) will not apply to any of the following agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings (or to any of the provisions thereof): (A) the Separation Agreements and each other agreement, instrument or document expressly contemplated by any Separation Agreement to be entered into by any party hereto or any of the members of their respective Groups; (B) any agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings listed or described on Schedule 2.03(b); (C) any agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings to which any Person other than the parties hereto and their respective Affiliates is a party; and (D) any other agreements, arrangements, commitments or understandings that any Separation Agreement expressly contemplates will survive the Time of Distribution.
 
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(c)       Funding of Outstanding Checks .
 
(i)       CombiMatrix or a CombiMatrix Subsidiary will fund all amounts in respect of checks that are outstanding immediately prior to the Time of Distribution and presented for payment at or after the Time of Distribution in CombiMatrix Bank Accounts.
 
(ii)     Acacia or an Acacia Subsidiary will fund all amounts in respect of checks that are outstanding immediately prior to the Time of Distribution and presented for payment at or after the Time of Distribution in Acacia Bank Accounts.
 
(iii)     The provisions of this Section 2.04(c) with respect to funding of outstanding checks will not affect in any way, and will be subject to, all other provisions of this Agreement providing for the reimbursement of any amounts or the allocation of any Liabilities, including Section 4.08.
 
(d)       Payments .
 
(i)       CombiMatrix will, and will cause the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries to, forward to Acacia (for the account of Acacia or the applicable Acacia Subsidiary) any payments in respect of accounts receivable constituting Acacia Assets received by CombiMatrix or any of the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries after the Time of Distribution, whether received in lock boxes, via wire transfer or otherwise, by the first Business Day of the week after the week during which such payment is received. Such amounts will be forwarded by wire transfer (to an Acacia’s bank account designated in writing by Acacia) in the case of payments received within thirty days after the Time of Distribution and by check in the case of payments received thereafter.
 
(ii)       Acacia will, and will cause the Acacia Subsidiaries to, forward to CombiMatrix (for the account of CombiMatrix or the applicable CombiMatrix Subsidiary) any payments in respect of accounts receivable constituting CombiMatrix Assets received by Acacia or any of the Acacia Subsidiaries after the Time of Distribution, whether received in lock boxes, via wire transfer or otherwise, by the first business day of the week after the week during which such payment is received. Such amounts will be forwarded by wire transfer (to a CombiMatrix’s bank account designated in writing by CombiMatrix) in the case of payments received within thirty days after the Time of Distribution and by check in the case of payments received thereafter.
 
Section 2.04       The CombiMatrix Board . Prior to the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix and Acacia will take all actions which may be required to elect or otherwise appoint as directors of CombiMatrix the persons named on Schedule 2.04 to constitute the board of directors of CombiMatrix at the Time of Distribution.
 
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Section 2.05       Resignations, Transfer of Stock Held as Nominee .
 
(a)       Acacia will cause all of its employees and directors and all of the employees and directors of each other member of the Acacia Group to resign, effective not later than the Time of Distribution, from all boards of directors or similar governing bodies of CombiMatrix or any other member of the CombiMatrix Group on which they serve, and from all positions as officers of CombiMatrix or any other member of the CombiMatrix Group in which they serve, except as otherwise specified on Schedule 2.05. CombiMatrix will cause all of its employees and directors and all of the employees and directors of each other member of the CombiMatrix Group to resign, effective not later than the Time of Distribution, from all boards of directors or similar governing bodies of Acacia or any other member of the Acacia Group on which they serve, and from all positions as officers of Acacia or any other member of the Acacia Group in which they serve, except as otherwise specified on Schedule 2.05.
 
(b)       Acacia will cause each of its employees, and each of the employees of the other members of the Acacia Group, who holds stock or similar evidence of ownership of any CombiMatrix Group entity as nominee for such entity pursuant to the laws of the country in which such entity is located to transfer such stock or similar evidence of ownership to the Person so designated by CombiMatrix to be such nominee as of and after the Time of Distribution. CombiMatrix will cause each of its employees, and each of the employees of the other members of the CombiMatrix Group, who holds stock or similar evidence of ownership of any Acacia Group entity as nominee for such entity pursuant to the laws of the country in which such entity is located to transfer such stock or similar evidence of ownership to the Person so designated by Acacia to be such nominee as of and after the Time of Distribution.
 
(c)       Acacia will cause each of its employees and each of the employees of the other members of the Acacia Group to revoke or withdraw their express written authority, if any, to act on behalf of any CombiMatrix Group entity as an agent or representative therefor after the Time of Distribution. CombiMatrix will cause each of its employees and each of the employees of the other members of the CombiMatrix Group to revoke or withdraw their express written authority, if any, to act on behalf of any Acacia Group entity as an agent or representative therefor after the Time of Distribution.
 
Section 2.06       CombiMatrix Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws . Prior to the Time of Distribution, (a) the CombiMatrix Board will (i) approve the Certificate of Incorporation and will cause the same to be filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and (ii) adopt the Bylaws, and (b) Acacia, as sole shareholder of CombiMatrix, will approve the Certificate of Incorporation.
 
Section 2.07       Consents . Prior to and after the Distribution Date, Acacia and CombiMatrix will, and will cause the Acacia Subsidiaries and the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries, respectively, to, use their commercially reasonable efforts (as requested by the other party) to obtain, or to cause to be obtained, all Consents necessary for the transfer of all Assets, Subsidiaries and Liabilities contemplated to be transferred pursuant to this Article II; provided , however , that none of Acacia (or any of the Acacia Subsidiaries) or CombiMatrix (or any of the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries) shall be obligated to pay any consideration or offer or grant any financial accommodation in connection therewith. Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, this Agreement shall not constitute an agreement to assign any Contract or Permit if an assignment or attempted assignment of the same without the Consent of any other party or parties thereto or other required Consent would constitute a breach thereof or of any applicable law or in any way impair the rights of any member of the Acacia Group or the CombiMatrix Group thereunder. If any such Consent is not obtained or if an attempted assignment would be ineffective or would impair any rights of any member of either
 
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Group under any such Contract or Permit so that the contemplated assignee hereunder (the “ Recipient Party ”) would not receive all such rights, then after the Time of Distribution (x) the party contemplated hereunder to assign such Contract or Permit (the “ Assigning Party ”) will use commercially reasonable efforts (it being understood that such efforts shall not include any requirement of the Assigning Party to pay any consideration or offer or grant any financial accommodation) to provide or cause to be provided to the Recipient Party the benefits of any such Contract or Permit and the Assigning Party will promptly pay or cause to be paid to the Recipient Party when received all moneys and properties received by the Assigning Party with respect to any such Contract or Permit and (y) the Recipient Party will pay, perform and discharge on behalf of the Assigning Party all of the Assigning Party’s Liabilities thereunder in a timely manner and in accordance with the terms thereof. If and when such Consents are obtained, the transfer of the applicable Contract or Permit shall be effected as promptly following the Time of Distribution as shall be practicable in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. To the extent that any transfers and assumptions contemplated by this Article II shall not have been consummated on or prior to the Time of Distribution, the parties shall cooperate to effect such transfers as promptly following the Time of Distribution as shall be practicable, it nonetheless being agreed and understood by the parties that no party shall be liable in any manner to any other party for any failure of any of the transfers contemplated by this Article II to be consummated prior to the Time of Distribution.
 
ARTICLE III
THE DISTRIBUTION
 
Section 3.01       The Distribution .
 
(a)       Subject to Section 3.04, prior to the Time of Distribution, Acacia will deliver to the Distribution Agent, for the benefit of holders of record of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock as of the Record Date, a number of shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock (rounded down to the nearest whole share) equal to the number of shares of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock issued and outstanding as of the Record Date (excluding treasury shares held by Acacia), and Acacia will instruct the Distribution Agent to make book-entry credits on the Distribution Date or as soon thereafter as practicable for each holder of record of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock as of the Record Date, or the designated transferee or transferees of such holder, for a number of shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock (rounded down to the nearest whole share) equal to the number of shares of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock so held by such holder of record as of the Record Date (excluding treasury shares held by Acacia). The Distribution will be effective as of the Time of Distribution.
 
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(b)       Acacia and CombiMatrix each will provide to the Distribution Agent all information (including information necessary to make appropriate book-entry credits) and share certificates, in each case, as may be required in order to complete the Distribution on the basis of one share of CombiMatrix Common Stock for every one share of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock (excluding treasury shares held by Acacia).
 
Section 3.02       Fractional Shares . Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, no fractional shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock will be distributed to holders of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock in the Distribution. Holders that are otherwise entitled to receive less than one whole share of CombiMatrix Common Stock in the Distribution will receive cash in lieu of such fractional share as contemplated hereby. As soon as practicable after the Distribution Date, Acacia will direct the Distribution Agent to determine in accordance with its customary practice the number of fractional shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock otherwise allocable to holders of record or beneficial owners of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock as of the Record Date, to aggregate all such fractional shares and sell as soon as practicable the whole shares obtained by aggregating such fractional shares either in open market transactions or otherwise, in each case at then prevailing trading prices, and to cause to be distributed to each such holder or for the benefit of each such beneficial owner, in lieu of any fractional share, such holder’s or owner’s ratable share of the proceeds of such sale, after making appropriate deductions of the amount required to be withheld for federal income tax purposes and after deducting an amount equal to all brokerage charges, commissions and transfer taxes attributed to such sale. Acacia will direct the Distribution Agent to seek to aggregate the shares of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock that may be held by any such beneficial owner thereof through more than one account in determining the fractional share allocable to such beneficial owner.
 
Section 3.03       Cooperation Prior to the Distribution . Prior to the Distribution:
 
(a)       Acacia and CombiMatrix will prepare the Registration Statement which will include appropriate disclosure concerning CombiMatrix, its business, operations and management, the Contribution, the Distribution and such other matters as Acacia and CombiMatrix may determine and as may be required by law. Acacia and CombiMatrix will prepare, and CombiMatrix will file with the Commission, the Registration Statement. CombiMatrix will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Registration Statement to become effective under the Securities Act as soon as practicable following the filing thereof. Promptly after effectiveness of the Registration Statement and prior to the Distribution, Acacia will mail to the holders of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock the Registration Statement.
 
(b)       Acacia and CombiMatrix will cooperate in preparing, filing with the Commission and causing to become effective any registration statements or amendments thereof which are required to reflect the establishment of, or amendments to, any employee benefit and other plans contemplated by the Employee Matters Agreement.
 
(c)       Acacia and CombiMatrix will take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate under the securities or “blue sky” laws of the states or other political subdivisions of the United States and the securities laws of any applicable foreign countries or other political subdivisions thereof in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
 
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(d)       Acacia and CombiMatrix will cause to be prepared, and CombiMatrix will file and use its commercially reasonable efforts to have approved, an application for the listing on the American Stock Exchange or another exchange approved by each of Acacia and CombiMatrix of the CombiMatrix Common Stock to be distributed in the Distribution.
 
Section 3.04       Acacia Board Action Conditions to the Distribution . The Acacia Board will in its discretion establish the Record Date and the Distribution Date and all appropriate procedures in connection with the Distribution, but in no event will the Distribution occur prior to such time as each of the following conditions shall have been satisfied or shall have been waived by the Acacia Board in accordance with Section 3.05:
 
(a)       the Acacia Board shall be reasonably satisfied that (i) Acacia will have sufficient surplus under Section 170 of the Delaware General Corporation Law to permit the Distribution and (ii) after giving effect to the Contribution and the Distribution, each of Acacia and CombiMatrix will not be insolvent and will not have unreasonably small capital with which to engage in its respective businesses;
 
(b)       the Acacia Board shall have given final approval of the Distribution;
 
(c)       the Acacia Board shall have received a favorable opinion issued by Greenberg Traurig LLP confirming that the Distribution should qualify as a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a)(i)(d) of the Code;
 
(d)       the Acacia Board shall have received a favorable private letter ruling issued by the Internal Revenue Service confirming that the Distribution will qualify as a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a)(i)(d) of the Code;
 
(e)       all material Consents which are required to effect the Contribution and the Distribution shall have been obtained and shall be in full force and effect;
 
(f)       the Registration Statement shall have become effective under the Securities Act;
 
(g)       the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws each shall have been adopted and be in effect;
 
(h)       the transactions contemplated by Section 2.01, and Section 2.03(a) shall have been consummated in all material respects;
 
(i)       Acacia and CombiMatrix shall have entered into each of the Separation Agreements to which they are parties and each such agreement shall be in full force and effect;
 
(j)       no order, injunction or decree issued by any court of competent jurisdiction or other legal restraint or prohibition preventing consummation of the Contribution or the Distribution shall be in effect;
 
(k)       no suit, action or proceeding by or before any court of competent jurisdiction or other Governmental Entity shall have been commenced and be pending to restrain or challenge the Contribution or Distribution, and no inquiry shall have been received that in the reasonable judgment of the Acacia Board may lead to such a suit, action or proceeding; and provided, that the satisfaction of such conditions will not create any obligation on the part of Acacia to effect or seek to effect the Contribution or the Distribution or in any way limit Acacia’s right to terminate this Agreement set forth in Section 7.13 or alter the consequences of any such termination from those specified in Section 7.13.
 
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Section 3.05       Waiver of Conditions . Any or all of the conditions set forth in Section 3.04 may be waived, in whole or in part, in the sole discretion of the Acacia Board. The conditions set forth in Section 3.04 are for the sole benefit of Acacia and shall not give rise to or create any duty on the part of Acacia or the Acacia Board to waive or not waive any such conditions.
 
ARTICLE IV
MUTUAL RELEASE; INDEMNIFICATION; EXPENSES
 
Section 4.01       Mutual Release . Effective as of the Time of Distribution and except as otherwise specifically set forth in the Separation Agreements, each of Acacia, on behalf of itself and each other member of the Acacia Group, on the one hand, and CombiMatrix, on behalf of itself and each other member of the CombiMatrix Group, on the other hand, hereby releases and forever discharges the other party and its Subsidiaries, and its and their respective officers, directors, agents, record and beneficial security holders (including trustees and beneficiaries of trusts holding such securities), advisors and Representatives (in each case, in their respective capacities as such) and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, of and from all debts, demands, actions, causes of action, suits, accounts, covenants, contracts, agreements, damages, claims and Liabilities whatsoever of every name and nature, both in law and in equity, which the releasing party has or ever had or ever will have, which arise out of or relate to events, circumstances or actions taken by such other party occurring or failing to occur or any conditions existing at or prior to the Time of Distribution; provided , however , that the foregoing general release shall not apply to (i) any Liabilities or other obligations (including Liabilities with respect to payment, reimbursement, indemnification or contribution) under the Separation Agreements or assumed, transferred, assigned, allocated or arising under any of the Separation Agreements (including any Liability that the parties may have with respect to payment, performance, reimbursement, indemnification or contribution pursuant to any Separation Agreement for claims brought against the parties by third Persons or any Indemnitee), and the foregoing release will not affect any party’s right to enforce the Separation Agreements or Financing Agreements in accordance with their terms or (ii) any Liability arising from or relating to any agreement, arrangement, commitment or undertaking described in Section 2.02(b)(ii), or (iii) any Liability the release of which would result in the release of any Person other than a Person released pursuant to this Section 4.01 ( provided , that the parties agree not to bring suit or permit any of their Subsidiaries to bring suit against any member of the other Group with respect to any Liability to the extent such member of the other Group would be released with respect to such Liability by this Section 4.01 but for this clause (iii)).
 
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Each of Acacia and CombiMatrix acknowledges that it has been advised by its legal counsel and is familiar with the provisions of California Civil Code Section 1542, which provides as follows:
 
“A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS OR HER FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM OR HER MUST HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS OR HER SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR.”
 
Being aware of such Code section, each of Acacia, on behalf of itself and each of the Acacia Subsidiaries, and CombiMatrix, on behalf of itself and each of the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries, hereby expressly waives any rights it may have under California Civil Code Section 1542, as well as any other statutes or common law principles of similar effect.
 
Section 4.02       Indemnification by Acacia . Subject to the provisions of this Article IV, Acacia shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the CombiMatrix Indemnitees from and against, and pay or reimburse, as the case may be, the CombiMatrix Indemnitees for, all Indemnifiable Losses, as incurred, suffered by any CombiMatrix Indemnitee to the extent based upon, arising out of or relating to the following:
 
(a)       the Acacia Liabilities (including the failure by Acacia or any other member of the Acacia Group to pay, perform or otherwise discharge the Acacia Liabilities in accordance with their terms), whether such Indemnifiable Losses are based upon, arise out of or relate to events, occurrences, actions, omissions, facts, circumstances or conditions occurring, existing or asserted before, at or after the Time of Distribution;
 
(b)       the breach by any member of the Acacia Group of any agreement or covenant contained in a Separation Agreement which does not by its express terms expire at the Time of Distribution; and
 
(c)       the enforcement by the CombiMatrix Indemnitees of their rights to be indemnified, defended and held harmless under this Section 4.02.
 
Section 4.03       Indemnification by CombiMatrix . Subject to the provisions of this Article IV, CombiMatrix shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Acacia Indemnitees from and against, and pay or reimburse, as the case may be, the Acacia Indemnitees for, all Indemnifiable Losses, as incurred, suffered by any Acacia Indemnitee to the extent based upon, arising out of or relating to the following:
 
(a)       the CombiMatrix Liabilities (including the failure by CombiMatrix or any other member of the CombiMatrix Group to pay, perform or otherwise discharge the CombiMatrix Liabilities in accordance with their terms), whether such Indemnifiable Losses are based upon, arise out of or relate to events, occurrences, actions, omissions, facts, circumstances or conditions occurring, existing or asserted before, at or after the Time of Distribution;
 
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(b)       any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, or any omission or alleged omission to state in the Registration Statement a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except in each case with respect to information relating to the Acacia Group provided by Acacia expressly for use in the Registration Statement;
 
(c)       the breach by any member of the CombiMatrix Group of any agreement or covenant contained in a Separation Agreement which does not by its express terms expire at the Time of Distribution; the use by members of the CombiMatrix Group of any names, trademarks, trade names, domain names, service marks or corporate symbols or logos pursuant to Section 5.02; and the enforcement by the Acacia Indemnitees of their rights to be indemnified, defended and held harmless under this Section 4.03.
 
Section 4.04       Limitations on Indemnification Obligations .
 
(a)       The amount which any party (an “Indemnifying Party”) is or may be required to pay to an Indemnitee in respect of Indemnifiable Losses or other Liability for which indemnification is provided under this Agreement shall be reduced by any amounts actually received (including Insurance Proceeds actually received) by or on behalf of such Indemnitee (net of increased insurance premiums and charges related directly and solely to the related Indemnifiable Losses and costs and expenses (including reasonable legal fees and expenses) incurred by such Indemnitee in connection with seeking to collect and collecting such amounts) in respect of such Indemnifiable Losses or other Liability (such net amounts are referred to herein as “Indemnity Reduction Amounts”). If any Indemnitee receives any Indemnity Reduction Amounts in respect of an Indemnifiable Loss for which indemnification is provided under this Agreement after the full amount of such Indemnifiable Loss has been paid by an Indemnifying Party or after an Indemnifying Party has made a partial payment of such Indemnifiable Loss and such Indemnity Reduction Amounts exceed the remaining unpaid balance of such Indemnifiable Loss, then the Indemnitee shall promptly remit to the Indemnifying Party an amount equal to the excess (if any) of (A) the amount theretofore paid by the Indemnifying Party in respect of such Indemnifiable Loss, less (B) the amount of the indemnity payment that would have been due if such Indemnity Reduction Amounts in respect thereof had been received before the indemnity payment was made. An insurer or other third party who would otherwise be obligated to pay any claim shall not be relieved of the responsibility with respect thereto or, solely by virtue of the indemnification provisions hereof, have any subrogation rights with respect thereto, it being expressly understood and agreed that no insurer or any other third party shall be entitled to any benefit they would not be entitled to receive in the absence of the indemnification provisions by virtue of the indemnification provisions hereof.
 
(b)       In determining the amount of any Indemnifiable Losses, such amount shall be (i) reduced to take into account any net Tax benefit realized by the Indemnitee arising from the incurrence or payment by the Indemnitee of such Indemnifiable Losses and (ii) increased to take into account any net Tax cost incurred by the Indemnitee as a result of the receipt or accrual of payments hereunder (grossed-up for such increase), in each case determined by treating the Indemnitee as recognizing all other items of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit before recognizing any item arising from such Indemnifiable Losses. It is the intention of the parties that indemnity payments made pursuant to this Agreement are to be treated as relating back to the Distribution as an adjustment to capital ( i.e ., capital contribution or distribution), and the parties shall not take any position inconsistent with such intention before any Tax Authority (as defined in the Tax Allocation Agreement), except to the extent that a final determination (as defined in Section 1313 of the Code) with respect to the recipient party causes any such payment not to be so treated.
 
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Section 4.05    Procedures Relating to Indemnification .
 
(a)       If a claim or demand is made against an Indemnitee, or an Indemnitee shall otherwise learn of an assertion, by any Person who is not a party to this Agreement (or an Affiliate thereof) as to which an Indemnifying Party may be obligated to provide indemnification pursuant to this Agreement (a “Third Party Claim”), such Indemnitee will notify the Indemnifying Party in writing, and in reasonable detail, of the Third Party Claim reasonably promptly after becoming aware of such Third Party Claim; provided, however, that failure to give such notification will not affect the indemnification provided hereunder except to the extent the Indemnifying Party shall have been actually prejudiced as a result of such failure. Thereafter, the Indemnitee will deliver to the Indemnifying Party, promptly after the Indemnitee’s receipt thereof, copies of all material notices and documents (including court papers) received or transmitted by the Indemnitee relating to the Third Party Claim.
 
(b)       If a Third Party Claim is made against an Indemnitee, the Indemnifying Party will be entitled to participate in or to assume the defense thereof (in either case, at the expense of the Indemnifying Party) with counsel selected by the Indemnifying Party and reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnitee.
 
If the Indemnifying Party elects to assume the defense of a Third Party Claim, the Indemnifying Party will not be liable to the Indemnitee for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with the defense thereof; provided , that if in the Indemnitee’s reasonable judgment a conflict of interest exists in respect of such claim or if the Indemnifying Party shall have assumed responsibility for such claim with any reservations or exceptions, such Indemnitee will have the right to employ separate counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnifying Party to represent such Indemnitee and in that event the reasonable fees and expenses of such separate counsel (but not more than one separate counsel for all Indemnitees similarly situated) shall be paid by such Indemnifying Party. If the Indemnifying Party assumes the defense of any Third Party Claim, the Indemnitee will have the right to participate in the defense thereof and to employ counsel, at its own expense, separate from the counsel employed by the Indemnifying Party, it being understood that the Indemnifying Party will control such defense. The Indemnifying Party will be liable for the fees and expenses of counsel employed by the Indemnitee for any period during which the Indemnifying Party has failed to assume the defense thereof. If the Indemnifying Party assumes the defense of any Third Party Claim, the Indemnifying Party will promptly supply to the Indemnitee copies of all material correspondence and documents relating to or in connection with such Third Party Claim and keep the Indemnitee fully informed of all material developments relating to or in connection with such Third Party Claim (including providing to the Indemnitee on reasonable request updates and summaries as to the status thereof). If the Indemnifying Party chooses to defend a Third Party Claim, the parties hereto will cooperate in the defense thereof (such cooperation to be at the expense, including reasonable legal fees and expenses, of the Indemnifying Party), which cooperation shall include the retention in accordance with this Agreement and (upon the Indemnifying Party’s request) the provision to the Indemnifying Party of records and information which are reasonably relevant to such Third Party Claim, and making employees available on a mutually convenient basis to provide additional information and explanation of any material provided hereunder.
 
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(c)       No Indemnifying Party will consent to any settlement, compromise or discharge (including the consent to entry of any judgment) of any Third Party Claim without the Indemnitee’s prior written consent (which consent will not be unreasonably withheld); provided , that if the Indemnifying Party assumes the defense of any Third Party Claim, the Indemnitee will agree to any settlement, compromise or discharge of such Third Party Claim which the Indemnifying Party may recommend and which by its terms obligates the Indemnifying Party to pay the full amount of Indemnifiable Losses in connection with such Third Party Claim and unconditionally and irrevocably releases the Indemnitee and its Affiliates completely from all Liability in connection with such Third Party Claim; provided , however , that the Indemnitee may refuse to agree to any such settlement, compromise or discharge (x) that provides for injunctive or other nonmonetary relief affecting the Indemnitee or any of its Affiliates or (y) that, in the reasonable opinion of the Indemnitee, would otherwise materially adversely affect the Indemnitee or any of its Affiliates. Whether or not the Indemnifying Party shall have assumed the defense of a Third Party Claim, the Indemnitee will not (unless required by law) admit any liability with respect to, or settle, compromise or discharge, such Third Party Claim without the Indemnifying Party’s prior written consent (which consent will not be unreasonably withheld).
 
(d)       Any claim on account of Indemnifiable Losses which does not involve a Third Party Claim will be asserted by reasonably prompt written notice given by the Indemnitee to the Indemnifying Party from whom such indemnification is sought. The failure by any Indemnitee so to notify the Indemnifying Party will not relieve the Indemnifying Party from any liability which it may have to such Indemnitee under this Agreement, except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party shall have been actually prejudiced by such failure.
 
(e)       In the event of payment in full by an Indemnifying Party to any Indemnitee in connection with any Third Party Claim, such Indemnifying Party will be subrogated to and shall stand in the place of such Indemnitee as to any events or circumstances in respect of which such Indemnitee may have any right or claim relating to such Third Party Claim against any claimant or plaintiff asserting such Third Party Claim or against any other Person. Such Indemnitee will cooperate with such Indemnifying Party in a reasonable manner, and at the cost and expense of such Indemnifying Party, in prosecuting any subrogated right or claim.
 
Section 4.06       Remedies Cumulative . Subject to the provisions of Section 7.05, the remedies provided in this Article IV shall be cumulative and shall not preclude assertion by any Indemnitee of any other rights or the seeking of any and all other remedies against any Indemnifying Party.
 
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Section 4.07       Indemnification Under Tax Allocation Agreement . Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, indemnification in respect of Tax matters will be governed exclusively by the Tax Allocation Agreement.
 
Section 4.08       Expenses .
 
(a)       Except as otherwise set forth in any Separation Agreement, (i) all Acacia Expenses will be charged to and paid by Acacia and (ii) all CombiMatrix Expenses will be charged to and paid by CombiMatrix.
 
(b)       Within ten days after the Distribution Date, CombiMatrix will reimburse Acacia (by wire transfer to a bank account designated in writing by CombiMatrix) for all amounts in respect of CombiMatrix Expenses paid by Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the CombiMatrix Group) before or at the Time of Distribution and notified in writing by Acacia to CombiMatrix within five days after the Distribution Date. From time to time thereafter, promptly after Acacia’s request therefor, and in any event within ten days after any such request, CombiMatrix will reimburse Acacia (by wire transfer to the same bank account referred to in the preceding sentence) for all CombiMatrix Expenses paid by Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries before, at or after the Time of Distribution (other than as previously reimbursed by CombiMatrix pursuant to the preceding sentence). Acacia will, at the request of CombiMatrix, provide CombiMatrix with appropriate documentation to support CombiMatrix Expenses required to be reimbursed to Acacia pursuant to this Section 4.08(b).
 
(c)       Within ten days after the Distribution Date, Acacia will reimburse CombiMatrix (by wire transfer to a bank account designated in writing by Acacia for all amounts in respect of Acacia Expenses paid by CombiMatrix or any of its Subsidiaries (including Persons comprising the Acacia Group) before or at the Time of Distribution and notified in writing by CombiMatrix to Acacia within five days after the Distribution Date. From time to time thereafter, promptly after CombiMatrix’s request therefor, and in any event within ten days after any such request, Acacia will reimburse CombiMatrix (by wire transfer to the same bank account referred to in the preceding sentence) for all Acacia Expenses paid by CombiMatrix or any of its Subsidiaries before, at or after the Time of Distribution (other than as previously reimbursed by Acacia pursuant to the preceding sentence). CombiMatrix will, at the request of Acacia, provide Acacia with appropriate documentation to support Acacia Expenses required to be reimbursed to CombiMatrix pursuant to this Section 4.08(c).
 
(d)       Except as otherwise set forth in any Separation Agreement, and subject in all events to the provisions of Section 4.08(a), all out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred following the Time of Distribution in connection with implementation of the transactions contemplated by the Separation Agreements will be charged to and paid by the party for whose benefit the expenses are incurred, with any out-of-pocket expenses which cannot be allocated on such basis to be split equally between Acacia and CombiMatrix.
 
(e)       The third-party costs and expenses of the Registration Statement shall be shared between Acacia and CombiMatrix equally. Within a reasonable time Following the Time of Distribution and receipt of an invoice from Acacia, including any back-up documentation reasonable requested by CombiMatrix, CombiMatrix shall reimburse Acacia for its share of such costs and expenses.
 
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ARTICLE V
CERTAIN OTHER MATTERS
 
Section 5.01       Insurance .
 
(a)       Coverage . Subject to the provisions of this Section 5.01, coverage of CombiMatrix and the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries under all Policies shall cease as of the Time of Distribution. From and after the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix and the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries will be responsible for obtaining and maintaining all insurance coverages in their own right.
 
(b)       Rights Under Shared Policies . From and after the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix and the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries will have no rights with respect to any Policies, except that:
 
(i)       CombiMatrix will have the right to assert claims (and Acacia will use commercially reasonable efforts to assist CombiMatrix in asserting claims) for any loss, liability or damage with respect to CombiMatrix Assets or CombiMatrix Liabilities under Policies with third-party insurers which are “occurrence basis” insurance policies (“ Occurrence Basis Policies ”) arising out of insured incidents occurring from the date coverage thereunder first commenced until the Time of Distribution to the extent that the terms and conditions of any such Occurrence Basis Policies and agreements relating thereto so allow, and
 
(ii)     CombiMatrix will have the right to continue to prosecute claims with respect to CombiMatrix Assets or CombiMatrix Liabilities properly asserted with an insurer prior to the Time of Distribution (and Acacia will use commercially reasonable efforts to assist CombiMatrix in connection therewith) under Policies with third-party insurers which are insurance policies written on a “claims made” basis (“ Claims Made Policies ”) arising out of insured incidents occurring from the date coverage thereunder first commenced until the Time of Distribution to the extent that the terms and conditions of any such Claims Made Policies and agreements relating thereto so allow,
 
provided , that in the case of both clauses (i) and (ii) above, (A) all of Acacia’s and each Acacia Subsidiary’s reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred in connection with the foregoing are promptly paid by CombiMatrix, (B) Acacia and the Acacia Subsidiaries may, at any time, without liability or obligation to CombiMatrix or any CombiMatrix Subsidiary(other than as set forth in Section 5.01(c)), amend, commute, terminate, buy-out, extinguish liability under or otherwise modify any Occurrence Basis Policies or Claims Made Policies (and such claims shall be subject to any such amendments, commutations, terminations, buy-outs, extinguishments and modifications), (C) such claims will be subject to (and recovery thereon will be reduced by the amount of) any applicable deductibles, retentions or self-insurance provisions, (D) such claims will be subject to (and recovery thereon will be reduced
 
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by the amount of) any payment or reimbursement obligations of Acacia, any Acacia Subsidiary or any Affiliate of Acacia or any Acacia Subsidiary in respect thereof and (E) such claims will be subject to exhaustion of existing aggregate limits. In the event that claims submitted by Acacia and CombiMatrix exhaust existing aggregate limits in any one policy year, the amount payable under the Policies shall be allocated pro rata based on the amounts paid in satisfaction of such claims or the amounts that would have been paid to satisfy such claims absent exhaustion of Policy limits. To the extent the amount paid to CombiMatrix or Acacia, as the case may be, in satisfaction of claims exceeds its pro rata portion, CombiMatrix or Acacia, as the case may be, shall pay to the other party an amount equal to such excess. Acacia’s obligation to use commercially reasonable efforts to assist CombiMatrix in asserting claims under applicable Policies will include using commercially reasonable efforts in assisting CombiMatrix to establish its right to coverage under such Policies (so long as all of Acacia’s reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses in connection therewith are promptly paid by CombiMatrix). None of Acacia or the Acacia Subsidiaries will bear any Liability for the failure of an insurer to pay any claim under any Policy. It is understood that any Claims Made Policies will not provide any coverage to CombiMatrix and the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries for incidents occurring prior to the Time of Distribution but which are asserted with the insurance carrier after the Time of Distribution. If a claim or claims submitted by CombiMatrix are paid under any Policy during any policy year in which no claim or claims are paid to Acacia, and Acacia’s annual premium increases in the next policy year in respect of the Policy, then the full amount of such premium increase in the first policy year after such CombiMatrix claim or claims are paid shall be deemed to be attributable to the CombiMatrix claim or claims and charged to CombiMatrix. Promptly (and in no event later than ten (10) Business Days) after receipt of a written request by Acacia, CombiMatrix shall reimburse Acacia for the full amount of such annual premium increase. If claims submitted by both Acacia and CombiMatrix are paid under the same Policy during any policy year, and Acacia’s annual premium increases in the next policy year in respect of the Policy, then the amount of the premium increase will be allocated between Acacia and CombiMatrix based on the amount of the claims paid to each party during the prior policy year. Promptly (and in no event later than ten (10) Business Days) after receipt of a written request by Acacia, CombiMatrix shall reimburse Acacia for its pro rata portion.
 
(c)       Acacia Actions . If, after the Time of Distribution, Acacia or any Acacia Subsidiary proposes to amend, commute, terminate, buy-out, extinguish liability under or otherwise modify any Policies under which CombiMatrix has rights to assert claims pursuant to Section 5.01(b) in a manner that would adversely affect any such rights of CombiMatrix, (i) Acacia will give CombiMatrix prior notice thereof and consult with CombiMatrix with respect to such action (it being understood that the decision to take any such action will be in the sole discretion of Acacia) and (ii) Acacia will pay to CombiMatrix its equitable share (which shall be determined by Acacia in good faith based on the amount of premiums paid by or allocated to the CombiMatrix Business in respect of the applicable Policy) of any net proceeds actually received by Acacia from the insurer under the applicable Policy as a result of such action by Acacia (after deducting Acacia’s reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection with such action).
 
(d)       Administration . From and after the Time of Distribution:
 
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(i)       Acacia or an Acacia Subsidiary will be responsible for the Claims Administration with respect to claims of Acacia and the Acacia Subsidiaries under Policies; and
 
(ii)     CombiMatrix or a CombiMatrix Subsidiary will be responsible for the Claims Administration with respect to claims of CombiMatrix and the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries under Policies.
 
(e)       Insurance Premiums . From and after the Time of Distribution, Acacia will pay all premiums (retrospectively-rated or otherwise) as required under the terms and conditions of the respective Policies in respect of periods prior to the Time of Distribution, whereupon CombiMatrix will, upon the request of Acacia, promptly reimburse Acacia for that portion of such premiums paid by Acacia as are reasonably determined by Acacia to be attributable to the CombiMatrix Business.
 
(f)       Agreement for Waiver of Conflict and Shared Defense . In the event that a Policy provides coverage for both Acacia and/or an Acacia Subsidiary, on the one hand, and CombiMatrix and/or a CombiMatrix Subsidiary, on the other hand, relating to the same occurrence, Acacia and CombiMatrix agree to defend jointly and to waive any conflict of interest necessary to the conduct of that joint defense. Nothing in this Section 5.01(f) will be construed to limit or otherwise alter in any way the indemnity obligations of the parties to this Agreement, including those created by this Agreement, by operation of law or otherwise.
 
Section 5.02       Use of Names, Trademarks, etc.
 
(a)       From and after the Time of Distribution, subject to Section 5.02(b), Acacia will own all rights of Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries in, and to the use of, the Acacia Marks.
 
(b)       From and after the Time of Distribution, except as permitted in this Section 5.02(b), the CombiMatrix Group will not use or have any rights to the Acacia Marks or any name, mark or symbol confusingly similar thereto, or any special script, type font, form, style, logo, design, device, trade dress or symbol which contains, represents or evokes the Acacia Marks or any name or mark confusingly similar thereto. From and after the Time of Distribution, the CombiMatrix Group will not hold itself out as having any affiliation with the Acacia Group.
 
(c)       No member of the CombiMatrix Group shall have any right, title or interest in, or to the use of the Acacia Marks, either alone or in combination with any other word, name, symbol, device, trademarks, or any combination thereof. Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, in no event will any member of the CombiMatrix Group use the Acacia Marks as a component of a company or trade name. CombiMatrix will not, and will cause each other member of the CombiMatrix Group not to, challenge or contest the validity of the Acacia Marks, the registration thereof or the ownership thereof by the Acacia Group. CombiMatrix will not, and will cause each other member of the CombiMatrix Group not to, apply anywhere at any time for any registration as owner or exclusive licensee of the Acacia Marks. If, notwithstanding the foregoing, any member of the CombiMatrix Group develops, adopts or acquires, directly or indirectly, any right, title or interest in, or to the use of, any Acacia Marks in any jurisdiction, or any goodwill incident thereto, CombiMatrix will, and will cause the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries, upon the request of Acacia, and for a nominal consideration of one dollar, assign or cause to be assigned to Acacia or any designee of Acacia, all right, title and interest in, and to the use of, such Acacia Marks in any and all jurisdictions, together with any goodwill incident thereto.
 
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CombiMatrix hereby constitutes and appoints Acacia the true and lawful attorney of CombiMatrix and its Subsidiaries to act as their attorney-in-fact to execute any documents and to take all necessary steps to cause CombiMatrix and its Subsidiaries to perform any of their obligations set forth in this Section 5.02(c), provided , however , that Acacia will provide CombiMatrix sixty days written notice prior to executing such documents or commencing such steps.
 
Section 5.03       CombiMatrix Warrants .
 
(a)       Effective as of the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix will issue to each holder of a May 2003 Warrant a warrant to purchase shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock (the “ CombiMatrix/May 2003 Warrant ”), pursuant to the equitable adjustment and other provisions of such May 2003 Warrant. The number of shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock subject to the CombiMatrix/May 2003 Warrant and the per-share exercise price of the CombiMatrix/May 2003 Warrant will be determined as set forth in the May 2003 Warrant. The CombiMatrix/May 2003 Warrant will otherwise have substantially the same terms and conditions as the May 2003 Warrant, except that references to Acacia will be changed to refer to CombiMatrix.
 
(b)       Effective as of the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix will issue to each holder of the Piper 2005 Warrant a warrant to purchase shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock (the “CombiMatrix/Piper 2005 Warrant”), pursuant to the equitable adjustment and other provisions of such Piper 2005 Warrant. The number of shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock subject to the CombiMatrix/Piper 2005 Warrant and the per-share exercise price of the CombiMatrix/Piper 2005 Warrant will be determined as set forth in the Piper 2005 Warrant. The CombiMatrix/Piper 2005 Warrant will otherwise have substantially the same terms and conditions as the Piper 2005 Warrant, except that references to Acacia will be changed to refer to CombiMatrix.
 
(c)       Effective as of the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix will issue to each holder of the Oppenheimer Warrant a warrant to purchase shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock (the “ CombiMatrix/Oppenheimer Warrant ”), pursuant to the equitable adjustment and other provisions of such Oppenheimer Warrant. The number of shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock subject to the CombiMatrix/Oppenheimer Warrant and the per-share exercise price of the CombiMatrix/Oppenheimer Warrant will be determined as set forth in the Oppenheimer Warrant. The CombiMatrix/Oppenheimer Warrant will otherwise have substantially the same terms and conditions as the Oppenheimer Warrant, except that references to Acacia will be changed to refer to CombiMatrix.
 
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ARTICLE VI
ACCESS TO INFORMATION
 
Section 6.01       Provision of Corporate Records . Prior to or as promptly as practicable after the Time of Distribution, Acacia shall deliver to CombiMatrix all minute books and other records of meetings of the Board of Directors, committees of the Board of Directors and stockholders of the CombiMatrix Group and all corporate books and records of the CombiMatrix Group in its possession, including, in each case, all active agreements and active litigation files. From and after the Time of Distribution, all such books and records shall be the property of CombiMatrix. Prior to or as promptly as practicable after the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix shall deliver to Acacia all corporate books and records of the Acacia Group in CombiMatrix’s possession (other than the books and records described in the first sentence of this Section 6.01), including, in each case, all active agreements and active litigation files. From and after the Time of Distribution, all such books and records shall be the property of Acacia.
 
Section 6.02       Access to Information .
 
(a)       From and after the Time of Distribution, Acacia will, and will cause each Acacia Subsidiary to, afford to CombiMatrix and its Representatives (at CombiMatrix’s expense) reasonable access and duplicating rights during normal business hours and upon reasonable advance notice to all Information within the Acacia Group’s possession or control relating to CombiMatrix, any CombiMatrix Subsidiary, any CombiMatrix Asset, any CombiMatrix Liability or the CombiMatrix Business, insofar as such access is reasonably required by CombiMatrix or any CombiMatrix Subsidiary, subject to the provisions below regarding Privileged Information.
 
(b)       From and after the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix will, and will cause each CombiMatrix Subsidiary to, afford to Acacia and its Representatives (at Acacia’s expense) reasonable access and duplicating rights during normal business hours and upon reasonable advance notice to all Information within the CombiMatrix Group’s possession or control relating to Acacia, any Acacia Subsidiary, any Acacia Asset, any Acacia Liability or the Acacia Business, insofar as such access is reasonably required, by Acacia or any Acacia Subsidiary, subject to the provisions below regarding Privileged Information.
 
(c)       Without limiting the foregoing, Information may be requested under this Article VI for audit, accounting, claims, litigation, insurance, environmental and safety and tax purposes, as well as for purposes of fulfilling disclosure and reporting obligations and for performing this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby.
 
In furtherance of the foregoing:
 
(i)       Each party acknowledges that (A) each of Acacia and CombiMatrix (and the members of the Acacia Group and the CombiMatrix Group, respectively) has or may obtain Privileged Information; (B) there are or may be a number of Actions affecting one or more of the members of the Acacia Group and the CombiMatrix Group; (C) the parties may have a common legal interest in Actions, in the Privileged Information, and in the preservation of the confidential status of the Privileged Information; and (D) each of Acacia and CombiMatrix intends that the transactions contemplated by the Separation Agreements and any transfer of Privileged Information in connection therewith shall not operate as a waiver of any potentially applicable privilege.
 
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(ii)     Each of Acacia and CombiMatrix agrees, on behalf of itself and each member of the Group of which it is a member, not to disclose or otherwise waive any privilege attaching to any Privileged Information relating to the business of the other Group or relating to or arising in connection with the relationship between the Groups on or prior to the Time of Distribution, without providing prompt written notice to and obtaining the prior written consent of the other, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. In the event of a disagreement between any member of the Acacia Group and any member of the CombiMatrix Group concerning the reasonableness of withholding such consent, no disclosure will be made prior to a final, nonappealable resolution of such disagreement by a court of competent jurisdiction.
 
(iii)     Upon any member of the Acacia Group or any member of the CombiMatrix Group receiving any subpoena or other compulsory disclosure notice from a court, other Governmental Entity or otherwise which requests disclosure of Privileged Information, in each case relating to the business of the other Group or relating to or arising, in connection with the relationship between the Groups on or prior to the Time of Distribution, the recipient of the notice will promptly provide to the other party (following the notice provisions set forth herein) a copy of such notice, the intended response, and a description of all materials or information relating to the other Group that might be disclosed. In the event of a disagreement as to the intended response or disclosure, unless and until the disagreement is resolved as provided in Section 6.02(c)(ii), the parties will cooperate to assert all defenses to disclosure claimed by either Group, at the cost and expense of the Group claiming such defense to disclosure, and shall not disclose any disputed documents or information until all legal defenses and claims of privilege have been finally determined.
 
Section 6.03       Production of Witnesses . Subject to Section 6.02, after the Time of Distribution, each of Acacia and CombiMatrix will, and will cause each member of the Acacia Group and the CombiMatrix Group, respectively, to, make available to the other party and members of such other party’s Group, upon written request and at the cost and expense of the party so requesting, its directors, officers, employees and agents as witnesses to the extent that any such Person may reasonably be required (giving consideration to business demands of such directors, officers, employees and agents) in connection with any Actions, administrative or other proceedings in which the requesting party may from time to time be involved and relating to the business of either Group or relating to or arising in connection with the relationship between the Groups on or prior to the Time of Distribution, provided that the same shall not unreasonably interfere with the conduct of business by the Group of which the request is made.
 
Section 6.04       Retention of Records . Except as otherwise required by law or agreed to by the parties in writing, if any Information relating to the pre-Distribution business, Assets or Liabilities of a member of a Group is retained by a member of the other Group, each of Acacia and CombiMatrix will, and will cause the members of the Group of which it is a member to, retain for the period required by the applicable Acacia records retention policy in effect immediately prior to the Time of Distribution all such Information in such Group’s possession or under its control. In addition, if, prior to the scheduled date for destruction or disposal of such Information under the applicable Acacia records retention policy, Acacia or CombiMatrix, on behalf of any member of its Group, requests in writing that any of the Information scheduled to be destroyed or disposed of be delivered to such requesting party, the party whose Group is scheduled to destroy or dispose of such Information will arrange for the delivery of the requested Information to a location specified by, and at the expense of, the requesting party, at or about the time such Information would have otherwise been destroyed or disposed of.
 
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Section 6.05       Confidentiality . Subject to the provisions of Section 6.02, which shall govern Privileged Information, from and after the Time of Distribution, each of Acacia and CombiMatrix shall hold, and shall use reasonable efforts to cause members of its Group and its and their Affiliates and Representatives to hold, in strict confidence all Information concerning the other party’s Group in its possession or control prior to the Time of Distribution or furnished to it by such other party’s Group pursuant to the Separation Agreements or the transactions contemplated thereby and will not release or disclose such Information to any other Person, except members of its Group and its and their Representatives, who will be bound by the provisions of this Section 6.05; provided , however , that any member of the Acacia Group or the CombiMatrix Group may disclose such Information to the extent that (a) disclosure is compelled by judicial or administrative process or, in the opinion of such Person’s counsel, by other requirements of law (in which case the party required to make such disclosure will notify the other party as soon as practicable of such obligation or requirement and cooperate with the other party (at the expense of the other party) to limit the Information required to be disclosed and to obtain a protective order or other appropriate remedy with respect to the Information ultimately disclosed) or (b) such Person can show that such Information was (i) available to such Person on a nonconfidential basis (other than from a member of the other party’s Group) prior to its disclosure by such Person, (ii) in the public domain through no fault of such Person or (iii) lawfully acquired by such Person from another source after the time that it was furnished to such Person by the other party’s Group, and not acquired from such source subject to any confidentiality obligation on the part of such source known to the acquiror, or on the part of the acquiror. Each party acknowledges that it will be liable for any breach of this Section 6.05 by its Affiliates, Representatives and Subsidiaries. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each of Acacia and CombiMatrix will be deemed to have satisfied its obligations under this Section 6.05 with respect to any Information (other than Privileged Information) if it exercises the same care with regard to such Information as it takes to preserve confidentiality for its own similar Information.
 
ARTICLE VII
MISCELLANEOUS
 
Section 7.01       Entire Agreement; Construction . This Agreement and the Separation Agreements, including any annexes, schedules and exhibits hereto or thereto, and other agreements and documents referred to herein and therein, will together constitute the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and will supersede all prior negotiations, agreements and understandings of the parties of any nature, whether oral or written, with respect to such subject matter. Notwithstanding any other provisions in the Separation Agreements to the contrary, (i) if and to the extent that there is a conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of the Employee Matters Agreement or the Tax Allocation Agreement, the provisions of the Employee Matters Agreement or the Tax Allocation Agreement, as appropriate, will control and (ii) in the event and to the extent that there is a conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of any Conveyance Instruments, the provisions of this Agreement will control.
 
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Section 7.02       Survival of Agreements . Except as otherwise contemplated by the Separation Agreements (including Section 7.13 of this Agreement), all covenants and agreements of the parties contained in the Separation Agreements will remain in full force and effect and survive the Time of Distribution. The obligations of each of Acacia and CombiMatrix under Article IV will not terminate at any time and will survive the sale or other transfer by any party of any assets or businesses or the assignment by any party of any Liabilities with respect to any Indemnifiable Losses of the other related to such assets, businesses or Liabilities.
 
Section 7.03       Governing Law . This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of California applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely within such State, without regard to the conflicts of law principles of such State.
 
Section 7.04       Notices . All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications required or permitted to be given hereunder will be in writing and will be delivered by hand or telecopied, e-mailed or sent, postage prepaid, by registered, certified or express mail or reputable overnight courier service and will be deemed given when so delivered by hand or telecopied, when e-mail confirmation is received if delivered by e-mail, or three Business Days after being so mailed (one Business Day in the case of express mail or overnight courier service). All such notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications will be addressed as set forth below, or pursuant to such other instructions as may be designated in writing by the party to receive such notice:
 
If to Acacia:
Acacia Research Corporation
500 Newport Center Dr., 7th Floor
Newport Beach, California 92660
Attention :   Paul Ryan, President
Telecopy :   (949) 480-8390
E-mail : prr@acaciares.com
 
with a copy to:
 
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Acacia Research Corporation
500 Newport Center Dr., 7th Floor
Newport Beach, California 92660
Attention :   Robert Berman, Esq.
Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel
Telecopy :   (949) 480-8390
E-mail : rberman@acaciares.com
 
If to CombiMatrix:
 
CombiMatrix Corporation
6500 Harbour Heights Parkway, Suite 301
Mukilteo, WA 98275
Attention :   Amit Kumar
Chief Executive Officer
Telecopy :   (425) 493-2060
E-mail : akumar@combimatrix.com
 
Section 7.05       Dispute Resolution . In the event that from and after the Time of Distribution any dispute, claim or controversy (collectively, a “ Dispute ”) arises out of or relates to this Agreement, the Employee Matters Agreement or the Tax Allocation Agreement or any transaction contemplated thereby or the breach, performance, enforcement or validity or invalidity of any thereof, the designees of the Acacia Chief Executive Officer and the CombiMatrix Chief Executive Officer will attempt a good faith resolution of the Dispute within thirty days after either party notifies the other party in writing of the Dispute. If the Dispute is not resolved within thirty days of the receipt of the notification, or within such other time as they may agree, the Dispute will be referred for resolution to the Acacia Chief Executive Officer and the CombiMatrix Chief Executive Officer. Should they be unable to resolve the Dispute within thirty days following the referral to them, or within such other time as they may agree, Acacia and CombiMatrix will then attempt in good faith to resolve such Dispute by mediation in accordance with the then-existing CPR Mediation Procedures promulgated by the CPR Institute for Dispute Resolution. If such mediation is unsuccessful within sixty days after commencement thereof, any party to the Dispute may pursue any other remedies available to it.
 
Section 7.06       Consent to Jurisdiction . Each of Acacia and CombiMatrix irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of (i) the Superior Court of the State of California, Orange County and (ii) the United States District Court for the Central District of California, for the purposes of any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of this Agreement, the Employee Matters Agreement or the Tax Allocation Agreement or any transaction contemplated thereby or the breach, performance, enforcement or validity or invalidity of any thereof (and agrees not to commence any action, suit or proceeding relating thereto except in such courts). Each of Acacia and CombiMatrix further agrees that service of any process, summons, notice or document hand delivered or sent by U.S. registered mail to such party’s respective address set forth in Section 7.04 will be effective service of process for any action, suit or proceeding in California with respect to any matters to which it has submitted to jurisdiction as set forth in the immediately preceding sentence. Each of Acacia and
 
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CombiMatrix irrevocably and unconditionally waives any objection to the laying of venue of any action, suit or proceeding arising out of this Agreement, the Employee Matters Agreement or the Tax Allocation Agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby or the breach, performance, enforcement or validity or invalidity of any thereof in (i) the Superior Court of the State of California, Orange County or (ii) the United States District Court for the Central District of California, and hereby further irrevocably and unconditionally waives and agrees not to plead or claim in any such Court that any such action, suit or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each party agrees that a final judgment in any action, suit or proceeding so brought shall be conclusive and may be enforced by suit on the judgment in any jurisdiction or in any other manner provided in law or in equity.
 
Section 7.07       Amendments . This Agreement cannot be amended, modified or supplemented except by a written agreement executed by Acacia and CombiMatrix.
 
Section 7.08       Assignment . Except as otherwise provided herein, neither party will convey, assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party in its sole and absolute discretion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, either party may (without obtaining any consent) assign all or any portion of its rights and obligations hereunder to (i) the surviving entity resulting from a merger or consolidation involving such party, (ii) the acquiring entity in a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of such party as a whole or of any line of business or division of such party, or (iii) any other Person that is created as a result of a spin-off from, or similar reorganization transaction of, such party or any line of business or division of such party. In the event of an assignment pursuant to (ii) or (iii) above, the non-assigning party shall, at the assigning party’s request, use good faith commercially reasonable efforts to enter into separate agreements with each of the resulting entities and take such further actions as may be reasonably required to assure that the rights and obligations under this Agreement are preserved, in the aggregate, and divided equitably between such resulting entities. Any conveyance, assignment or transfer requiring the prior written consent of another party pursuant to this Section 7.08 which is made without such consent will be void ab initio . No assignment of this Agreement will relieve the assigning party of its obligations hereunder.
 
Section 7.09       Captions; Currency . The article, section and paragraph captions herein and the table of contents hereto are for convenience of reference only, do not constitute part of this Agreement and will not be deemed to limit or otherwise affect any of the provisions hereof. Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to numbered articles or sections are to articles and sections of this Agreement and all references herein to schedules are to schedules to this Agreement. Unless otherwise specified, all references contained in this Agreement, in any schedule referred to herein or in any instrument or document delivered pursuant hereto to dollars or “$” shall mean United States Dollars.
 
Section 7.10       Severability . If any provision of this Agreement or the application thereof to any Person or circumstance is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remaining provisions hereof, or the application of such provision to Persons or circumstances other than those as to which it has been held invalid or unenforceable, will remain in full force and effect and will in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated thereby. If the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is affected in any manner adverse to any party as a result thereof, the parties will negotiate in good faith in an effort to agree upon a suitable and equitable substitute provision to effect the original intent of the parties.
 
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Section 7.11       Parties in Interest . This Agreement is binding upon and is for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns. This Agreement is not made for the benefit of any Person not a party hereto, and no Person other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns will acquire or have any benefit, right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement, except that the provisions of Sections 4.02 and 4.03 shall inure to the benefit of and shall be enforceable by the Persons referred to therein.
 
Section 7.12       Schedules . All schedules attached hereto are hereby incorporated in and made a part of this Agreement as if set forth in full herein. Capitalized terms used in the schedules hereto but not otherwise defined therein will have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in this Agreement.
 
Section 7.13       Termination . This Agreement may be terminated and the Distribution abandoned at any time prior to the Time of Distribution by and in the sole discretion of the Acacia Board without the approval of CombiMatrix or Acacia’s shareowners. In the event of such termination, neither party will have any liability of any kind to the other party on account of such termination.
 
Section 7.14       Waivers; Remedies . The conditions to Acacia’s obligation to consummate the Distribution are for the sole benefit of Acacia and may be waived in writing by Acacia in whole or in part in Acacia’s sole discretion. No failure or delay on the part of either Acacia or CombiMatrix in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder will operate as a waiver thereof, nor will any waiver on the part of either Acacia or CombiMatrix of any right, power or privilege hereunder operate as a waiver of any other right, power or privilege hereunder, nor will any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege hereunder. Subject to Section 7.05, the rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies which the parties may otherwise have at law or in equity.
 
Section 7.15       Further Assurances . From time to time after the Time of Distribution, as and when requested by either party hereto, the other party shall execute and deliver, or cause to be executed and delivered, all such documents and instruments and shall take, or cause to be taken, all such actions as the requesting party may reasonably request to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Separation Agreements.
 
Section 7.16       Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in separate counterparts, each such counterpart being deemed to be an original instrument, and all such counterparts will together constitute the same agreement. This Agreement may be executed and delivered by telecopier with the same force and effect as if it were a manually executed and delivered counterpart.
 
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Section 7.17       Performance . Acacia will cause to be performed and hereby guarantees the performance of all actions, agreements and obligations set forth herein to be performed by any Acacia Subsidiary. CombiMatrix will cause to be performed and hereby guarantees the performance of all actions, agreements and obligations set forth herein to be performed by any CombiMatrix Subsidiary.
 
Section 7.18       Interpretation . Any reference herein to any federal, state, local, or foreign law shall be deemed also to refer to all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, unless the context requires otherwise. For the purposes of this Agreement, (a) words in the singular shall be held to include the plural and vice versa and words of one gender shall be held to include the other gender as the context requires, (b) the terms “hereof”, “herein”, and “herewith” and words of similar import shall, unless otherwise stated, be construed to refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement and (c) the word “including” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall mean “including, without limitation”.
 
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]
 
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[Signature page to Distribution Agreement]
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the duly authorized officers of the parties as of the date first hereinabove written.
 
 
ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
 
 
 
By: /s/ Paul Ryan                              
  Name:   Paul Ryan
  Title:   Chief Executive Officer,
 
 
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
 
 
By: /s/ Amit Kumar                              
  Name:   Amit Kumar
  Title:   Chief Executive Officer

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Schedule 1.01(a)
 
Acacia Liabilities
 
 
Audio/Video Enhancement and Synchronization Technology
 
Image Resolution Enhancement Technology
 
·  
IP Innovation, LLC and Technology Licensing Corporation v. Lexmark International, Inc. United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Filed 10/23/02. Case No. 1:02-cv-07611.
 
·  
New Medium Technologies, LLC and AV Technologies, LLC v. Barco NV, Miranda Technologies, LG Philips LCD, Toshiba Corporation, Toshiba America Consumer Products, L.L.C., LG Electronics, Inc., and Syntax-Brillian Corporation. United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Filed 9/29/05. Case No. 1:05-cv-05620.
 
Broadcast Data Retrieval Technology
 
·  
Broadcast Data Retrieval Corporation v. Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc. Transferred to United States District Court for the Southern District of New York 7/6/06. Case No. 1:06-cv-05135.
 
Computer Memory Cache Coherency Technology
 
·  
Computer Cache Coherency Corporation v. VIA Technologies, Inc., Via Technologies, Inc. (USA) and Intel Corporation. United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Filed 12/2/04. Case No. 5:05-cv-01668.
 
Credit Card Fraud Control Technology
 
·  
Ingenio Inc. v. Acacia Patent Acquisition Corporation and Acacia Research Corporation. United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Filed 10/13/06. Case No. 3:06-cv-06423.
 

 
Credit Card Fraud Protection Technology
 
·  
Financial Systems Innovation, LLC and Paul N. Ware v. Gap, Inc., Racetrac Petroleum, Inc. and The Kroger Company. United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. Filed 3/3/04. Case No. 4:04-cv-00065.
 
·  
Financial Systems Innovation, LLC and Paul N. Ware v. Williams-Sonoma, Inc., Linens N Things, Inc. and Costco Wholesale Corporation. United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Filed 6/30/04. Case No. 4:04-cv-00479.
 
·  
Financial Systems Innovation, LLC and Paul N. Ware v. Circuit City Stores, Inc., Officemax Incorporated, Staples, Inc., Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc., Fry’s Electronics, Inc., and Rite Aid Corporation. United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. Filed 7/19/05. Case No. 4:05-cv-00156.
 
·  
Reinalt-Thomas Corporation, dba Discount Tire Corporation, v. Acacia Research Corporation, Paul N. Ware and Financial Systems Innovation, LLC. United States District Court for the District of Arizona. Filed 10/27/05. Case No. 2:05-cv-03459.
 
·  
Financial Systems Innovation, LLC and Paul Ware v. Discount Tire Company of Georgia, Inc. and Reinalt-Thomas Corporation, dba Discount Tire Company. United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. Filed 11/21/05. Case No. 4:05-cv-00252.
 
·  
Lone Star Steakhouse and Saloon, Inc. v. Acacia Technologies group and Financial Systems Innovation, LLC. United States District Court for the District of Kansas. Filed 8/5/05. Case No. 6:05-cv-01249.
 
Computing Device Performance Technology
 
·  
Computer Acceleration Corporation vs. Microsoft Corporation. United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Filed 7/6/06. Case No. 9:06-cv-0140.
 
Data Encryption Technology
 
·  
Data Encryption Corporation v. Microsoft Corporation and Dell Computer Corporation. United States District Court for the Central District of California. On appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Court. Lower Court Case No. 2:05-cv-05531.
 
Digital Media Transmission Technology
 
In accordance with the Transfer Order issued February 24, 2005, by the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation, all of the following Digital Media Transmission Technology cases have been transferred to the Northern District of California. The lead case number is 5:05-cv-01114.
 

 
·  
Acacia Media Technologies Corporation v. Comcast Cable Communications, LLC, Charter Communications, Inc., The DirectTV Group, Inc., Echostar Communications Corporation, Cox Communications, Inc., Hospitality Network, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Cox that supplies hotel on-demand TV services), Mediacom, LLC, Armstrong Group, Arvig Communication Systems, Block Communications, Inc., Cable America Corporation, Cable One, Inc., Cannon Valley Communications, Inc., East Cleveland Cable TV and Communications, LLC, Loretel Cablevision, Massillon Cable TV, Inc., Mid-Continent Media, Inc., NPG Cable, Inc., Savage Communications, Inc., Sjoberg's Cablevision, Inc., US Cable Holdings LP, and Wide Open West, LLC, Time Warner Cable, Cablevision Systems Corporation, Insight Communications Company, Cebridge Communications and Bresnan Communications.
 
·  
Acacia Media Technologies Corporation v. New Destiny Internet Group, Inc., Audio Communications Inc., VS Media Inc., Ademia Multimedia, LLC, International Web Innovations, Inc., Offendale Commercial BV, Ltd., Adult Entertainment Broadcast Network, Cybertrend, Inc., Lightspeed Media Corporation, Adult Revenue Services, Innovative Ideas International, AskCS.com, Game Link, Inc., Club Jenna, Inc., Cybernet Ventures, Inc., ACMP, LLC, Global AVS, Inc. d/b/a DrewNet, and National A-1 Advertising.
 
High Resolution Optics Technology
 
·  
Theodore Whitney and High Resolution Optics Corporation v. The United States. United States Court of Federal Claims. Filed 8/23/06. Case No. 1:06-cv-00601.
 
Interactive Television Technology
 
·  
Broadcast Innovation, LLC and IO Research, Ltd. v. Charter Communications, Inc. United States District Court for the District of Colorado. Case No. 1:03-cv-02223. On appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Court from 9/28/04 to 11/21/05. Remanded to the U. S. District Court for further proceedings on 11/21/05.
 
·  
Broadcast Innovation, LLC v. Echostar Communications Corporation. United States District Court for the District of Colorado. Filed 11/9/01. Case No. 1:01-cv-02201.
 
Laptop Connectivity Technology
 
·  
Computer Docking Station Corporation v. Dell, Inc., Gateway, Inc., Toshiba America, Inc., and Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc.. United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin. Filed 1/17/06. Case No. 06-c-0032-c
 

 
Micromesh Technology
 
·  
Micromesh Technology Corporation v. American Recreation Productions, Inc., and American Recreation Products, Inc., dba Kelty. United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Filed 9/27/06. Case No. 3:06-cv-06030.
 
·  
Micromesh Technology Corporation v. Columbia Sportswear Company. United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Filed 9/27/06. Case No.3:06-cv-06031.
 
·  
Micromesh Technology Corporation v. Red Wing Shoe Company and Red Wing Shoe Company, dba Vasque. United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Filed 10/4/06. Case No. 2:06-cv-00421.
 
·  
Micromesh Technology Corporation v. VF Corporation, VF Corporation, dba JanSport, VF Outdoor, Inc., dba The North Face. United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Filed 10/4/06. Case No. 2:06-cv-00422.
 

 
Microprocessor Enhancement Technology
 
·  
Microprocessor Enhancement Corporation and Michael H. Branigin v. Texas Instruments, Incorporated. United States District Court for the Central District of California. Filed 4/7/05. Case No. 8:05-cv-00323.
 
·  
Microprocessor Enhancement Corporation and Michael H. Branigin v. Intel Corporation. United States District Court for the Central District of California. Filed 8/3/05. Case No. 2:05-cv-05667.
 
Multi-Dimensional Bar Code Technology
 
·  
Cognex Corporation v. VCode Holdings, Inc., VData LLC, Acacia Research Corporation, and Veritec Inc. United States District Court for the District of Minnesota. Filed 3/13/06. Case No. 0:06-cv-01040.
 
·  
VData LLC and VCode Holdings, Inc. v. Aetna, Inc., PNY Technologies Inc., and Merchant’s Credit Guide Co. United States District Court for the District of Minnesota. Filed 5/8/06. Case No. 0:06-cv-01701.
 
Peer to Peer Communications Technology
 
·  
Peer Communications Corporation v. Skype Technologies SA, Skype, Inc., and eBay, Inc. United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Filed 8/22/06. Case No. 6:06-cv-00370.
 
Product Activation Technology
 
·  
Product Activation Corporation v. Abbyy USA Software House, Inc., Adobe Systems Incorporated, Autodesk, Inc. United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Filed 8/14/06 Case No. 2:06-cv-00326.
 
Resource Scheduling Technology
 
·  
Epic Systems Corporation v. Acacia Research Corporation and Resource Scheduling Corporation. United States District Court for the District of Delaware. Filed 4/19/06. Case No. 1:06-cv-00255.
 


Spreadsheet Automation Technology
 
·  
Spreadsheet Automation Corporation v. Microsoft Corporation. United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Filed 3/28/05. Case No. 2:05-cv-00127.
 
User Activated Internet Advertising Technology
 
·  
InternetAd Systems, LLC v. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc., Freerealtime.com, Inc., Knight Ridder Digital, Homestore, Inc., Condenet, Inc. and Tribune Company. United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Filed 6/15/06. Case No. 3:06-cv-01063.
 
·  
InternetAd Systems, LLC v. Opodo Limited, Amadeus Global Travel Distribution S.A., Amadeus North America, LLC, and Opentable, Inc. United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Filed 6/19/06. Case No. 3:06-cv-01084.
 

 
Schedule 1.01(b)
 
Bylaws
 
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
 
OF
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 

 
a Delaware corporation
 


AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
 
OF
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
ARTICLE 1
 
OFFICES
 
Section 1.1       Registered Office.
 
The registered office of the corporation in the State of Delaware shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle.
 
Section 1.2       Other Offices.
 
The corporation may also have and maintain an office or principal place of business, or offices at such other places, both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require.
 
ARTICLE 2
 
STOCKHOLDERS’ MEETINGS
 
Section 2.1       Place of Meetings.
 
(a)       Meetings of stockholders may be held at such place, either within or without this State, as may be designated by or in the manner provided in these bylaws or, if not so designated, as determined by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication as authorized by paragraph (b) of this Section 2.1 .
 
(b)       If authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board of Directors may adopt, stockholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication:
 
(1)       Participate in a meeting of stockholders; and
 
(2)       Be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, provided that (A) the corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxyholder, (B) the corporation shall implement reasonable measures to provide such stockholders and proxyholders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings, and (C) if any stockholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the corporation.
 
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(c)       For purposes of this Section 2.1 , “remote communication” shall include (1) telephone or other voice communications and (2) electronic mail or other form of written or visual electronic communications, provided that the requirements of the Delaware General Corporation Law are satisfied.
 
Section 2.2       Annual Meetings.
 
The annual meetings of the stockholders of the corporation, for the purpose of election of directors and for such other business as may lawfully come before it, shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, or, if not so designated, then at 10:00 a. m. on May 31 in each year if a business day and not a legal holiday, and, if a legal holiday, at the same hour and place on the next succeeding business day not a holiday.
 
Section 2.3       Special Meetings.
 
Special Meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may be called, for any purpose or purposes, by the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Board of Directors at any time.
 
Section 2.4       Notice of Meetings.
 
(a)       Except as otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, written notice of each meeting of stockholders, specifying the place, if any, date and hour and purpose or purposes of the meeting, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, shall be given not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat, directed to his address as it appears upon the books of the corporation; except that where the matter to be acted on is a merger or consolidation of the Corporation or a sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of its assets, such notice shall be given not less than 20 nor more than 60 days prior to such meeting.
 
(b)       If at any meeting action is proposed to be taken which, if taken, would entitle shareholders fulfilling the requirements of section 262(d) of the Delaware General Corporation Law to an appraisal of the fair value of their shares, the notice of such meeting shall contain a statement of that purpose and to that effect and shall be accompanied by a copy of that statutory section.
 
(c)       When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time, place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting, are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken unless the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or unless after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, in which event a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
 
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(d)       Notice of the time, place and purpose of any meeting of stockholders may be waived in writing, either before or after such meeting, and, to the extent permitted by law, will be waived by any stockholder by his attendance thereat, in person or by proxy. Any stockholder so waiving notice of such meeting shall be bound by the proceedings of any such meeting in all respects as if due notice thereof had been given.
 
(e)    Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the corporation under any provision of Delaware General Corporation Law, the certificate of incorporation, or these bylaws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission. Notice given pursuant to this subparagraph (e) shall be deemed given: (1) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (2) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (3) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (A) such posting and (B) the giving of such separate notice; and (4) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder. An affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the corporation that the notice has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein. For purposes of these bylaws, “electronic transmission” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.
 
Section 2.5       Quorum and Voting.
 
(a)       At all meetings of stockholders except where otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the presence, in person or by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Shares, the voting of which at said meeting have been enjoined, or which for any reason cannot be lawfully voted at such meeting, shall not be counted to determine a quorum at said meeting. In the absence of a quorum, any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned, from time to time, by vote of the holders of a majority of the shares represented thereat, but no other business shall be transacted at such meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the original meeting. The stockholders present at a duly called or convened meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.
 
(b)       Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, all action taken by the holders of a majority of the voting power represented at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be valid and binding upon the corporation.
 
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Section 2.6    Voting Rights.
 
(a)       Except as otherwise provided by law, only persons in whose names shares entitled to vote stand on the stock records of the corporation on the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting shall be entitled to vote at such meeting. Shares standing in the names of two or more persons shall be voted or represented in accordance with the determination of the majority of such persons, or, if only one of such persons is present in person or represented by proxy, such person shall have the right to vote such shares and such shares shall be deemed to be represented for the purpose of determining a quorum.
 
(b)       Every person entitled to vote or to execute consents shall have the right to do so either in person or by an agent or agents authorized by a written proxy executed by such person or his duly authorized agent, which proxy shall be filed with the Secretary of the corporation at or before the meeting at which it is to be used. Said proxy so appointed need not be a stockholder. No proxy shall be voted on after three (3) years from its date unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Unless and until voted, every proxy shall be revocable at the pleasure of the person who executed it or of his legal representatives or assigns, except in those cases where an irrevocable proxy permitted by statute has been given.
 
(c)       Without limiting the manner in which a stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for him as proxy pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, the following shall constitute a valid means by which a stockholder may grant such authority:
 
(1)       A stockholder may execute a writing authorizing another person or persons to act for him as proxy. Execution may be accomplished by the stockholder or his authorized officer, director, employee or agent signing such writing or causing his or her signature to be affixed to such writing by any reasonable means including, but not limited to, by facsimile signature.
 
(2)       A stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for him as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of a telephone, telegram, cablegram, email or other means of electronic transmission to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy to receive such transmission, provided that any such telephone, telegram, cablegram, email or other means of electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the telephone, telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder. Such authorization can be established by the signature of the stockholder on the proxy, either in writing or by a signature stamp or facsimile signature, or by a number or symbol from which the identity of the stockholder can be determined, or by any other procedure deemed appropriate by the inspectors or other persons making the determination as to due authorization.
 
(3)       If it is determined that such telegrams, cablegrams, emails or other electronic transmissions are valid, the inspectors or, if there are no inspectors, such other persons making that determination shall specify the information upon which they relied.
 
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(d)       Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the writing or transmission created pursuant to subsection (c) of this section may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for any and all purposes for which the original writing or transmission could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission.
 
Section 2.7       Voting Procedures and Inspectors of Elections.
 
(a)       The corporation shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. The corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his ability.
 
(b)       The inspectors shall (i) ascertain the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, (ii) determine the shares represented at a meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, and (v) certify their determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting and their count of all votes and ballots. The inspectors may appoint or retain other persons or entities to assist the inspectors in the performance of the duties of the inspectors.
 
(c)       The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the person presiding over the meeting. The board of directors may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the board of directors, the person presiding over any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and to adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such presiding person, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the board of directors or prescribed by the presiding person of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the presiding person of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. The presiding person at any meeting of stockholders, in addition to making any other determinations that may be appropriate to the conduct of the meeting, shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a matter or business was not properly brought before the meeting and if such presiding person should so determine, such presiding person shall so declare to the meeting and any such matter or business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted or considered. Unless and to the extent determined by the board of directors or the person presiding over the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
 
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(d)       In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots, the inspectors shall be limited to an examination of the proxies, any envelopes submitted with those proxies, any information provided in accordance with Sections 211(e) or 212(c)(2) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or any information provided pursuant to Section 211(a)(2)(B)(i) or (iii) thereof, ballots and the regular books and records of the corporation, except that the inspectors may consider other reliable information for the limited purpose of reconciling proxies and ballots submitted by or on behalf of banks, brokers, their nominees or similar persons which represent more votes than the holder of a proxy is authorized by the record owner to cast or more votes than the stockholder holds of record. If the inspectors consider other reliable information for the limited purpose permitted herein, the inspectors at the time they make their certification pursuant to subsection (b) (v) of this section shall specify the precise information considered by them including the person or persons from whom they obtained the information, when the information was obtained, the means by which the information was obtained and the basis for the inspectors’ belief that such information is accurate and reliable.
 
Section 2.8       List of Stockholders.
 
The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. The corporation need not include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting: (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours at the principal place of business of the corporation. In the event that the corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.
 
Section 2.9       Stockholder Proposals at Annual Meetings.
 
At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder. In addition to any other applicable requirements for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To
 
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be timely a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than 120 days nor more than 180 days prior to the date on which the corporation first mailed its proxy materials for the previous year’s annual meeting of stockholders (or the date on which the corporation mails its proxy materials for the current year if during the prior year the corporation did not hold an annual meeting or if the date of the annual meeting was changed more than 30 days from the prior year). A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii) the name and record address of the stockholder proposing such business, (iii) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder, and (iv) any material interest of the stockholder in such business.
 
Notwithstanding anything in the Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at the annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 2.1 and this Section 2.9 , provided, however, that nothing in this Section 2.9 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any business properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with said procedure.
 
The Chairman of an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.1 and this Section 2.9 , and if he should so determine he shall so declare to the meeting, and any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.
 
Nothing in this Section 2.9 shall affect the right of a stockholder to request inclusion of a proposal in the corporation’s proxy statement to the extent that such right is provided by an applicable rule of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
Section 2.10       Nominations of Persons for Election to the Board of Directors.
 
In addition to any other applicable requirements, only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation may be made at a meeting of stockholders by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, by any nominating committee or person appointed by the Board of Directors or by any stockholder of the corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors at the meeting who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.10 . Such nominations, other than those made by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation, not less than 80 days nor more than 120 days prior to the date on which the corporation first mailed its proxy materials for the previous year’s annual meeting of shareholders (or the date on which the corporation mails its proxy materials for the current year if during the prior year the corporation did not hold an annual meeting or if the date of the annual meeting
 
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was changed more than 30 days from the prior year). Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director, (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of the person, (iii) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by the person, and (iv) any other information relating to the person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations for proxies for election of directors pursuant to Rule 14a under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice, (i) the name and record address of the stockholder, and (ii) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder. The corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the corporation. No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth herein. These provisions shall not apply to nomination of any persons entitled to be separately elected by holders of preferred stock.
 
The Chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedure, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
 
Section 2.11       Action Without Meeting.
 
Any action that is required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders may be effected by written consent of the stockholders in lieu of a meeting of stockholders.
 
ARTICLE 3
 
DIRECTORS
 
Section 3.1       Number and Term of Office.
 
The number of directors of the corporation shall not be less than five (5) nor more than nine (9) until changed by amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation or by a Bylaw amending this Section 3.1 duly adopted in accordance with ARTICLE 11 hereof. The exact number of directors shall be fixed from time to time, within the limits specified in the Certificate of Incorporation or in this Section 3.1 , by the Board of Directors or by a bylaw or amendment thereof duly adopted in accordance with ARTICLE 11 hereof. Subject to the foregoing provisions for changing the number of directors, the number of directors of the corporation has been fixed at five (5).
 
Section 3.2       Powers.
 
The powers of the corporation shall be exercised, its business conducted and its property controlled by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.
 
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Section 3.3       Vacancies.
 
Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and each director so elected shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the director whose place shall be vacant and until his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified. A vacancy in the Board of Directors shall be deemed to exist under this section in the case of the death, removal or resignation of any director, or if the stockholders fail at any meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected (including any meeting referred to in Section 3.4 below) to elect the number of directors then constituting the whole Board.
 
Section 3.4       Resignations and Removals.
 
(a)       Any director may resign at any time by delivering his resignation to the Secretary in writing or by electronic transmission, such resignation to specify whether it will be effective at a particular time, upon receipt by the Secretary or at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. If no such specification is made it shall be deemed effective at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. When one or more directors shall resign from the Board effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the director whose place shall be vacated and until his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.
 
(b)       At a special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose in the manner hereinabove provided, the Board of Directors or any individual director may be removed from office, with or without cause, and a new director or directors elected by a vote of stockholders holding a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors.
 
Section 3.5       Meetings.
 
(a)       The annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held immediately after the annual stockholders’ meeting and at the place where such meeting is held or at the place announced by the Chairman at such meeting. No notice of an annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be necessary, and such meeting shall be held for the purpose of electing officers and transacting such other business as may lawfully come before it.
 
(b)       Except as hereinafter otherwise provided, regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held in the office of the corporation required to be maintained pursuant to Section 1.2 of ARTICLE 1 hereof. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may also be held at any place, within or without the State of Delaware, which has been designated by resolutions of the Board of Directors or the written consent of all directors.
 
(c)       Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time and place within or without the State of Delaware whenever called by the Chairman of the Board or, if there is no Chairman of the Board, by the President, or by any of the directors.
 
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(d)       Written notice of the time and place of all regular and special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be delivered personally to each director or sent by telegram or facsimile transmission or other form of electronic transmission at least 24 hours before the start of the meeting, or sent by first class mail at least 120 hours before the start of the meeting. Notice of any meeting may be waived in writing at any time before or after the meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat.
 
Section 3.6       Quorum and Voting.
 
(a)       A quorum of the Board of Directors shall consist of a majority of the exact number of directors fixed from time to time in accordance with Section 3.1 of ARTICLE 3 of these Bylaws, but not less than one; provided, however, at any meeting whether a quorum be present or otherwise, a majority of the directors present may adjourn from time to time until the time fixed for the next regular meeting of the Board of Directors, without notice other than by announcement at the meeting.
 
(b)       At each meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present, all questions and business shall be determined by a vote of a majority of the directors present, unless a different vote be required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws.
 
(c)       Any member of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting by means of conference telephone or other communication equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
 
(d)       The transactions of any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, however called or noticed, or wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice if a quorum be present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present shall sign a written waiver of notice, or a consent to holding such meeting, or an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents or approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.
 
Section 3.7       Action Without Meeting.
 
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and such writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.
 
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Section 3.8       Fees and Compensation.
 
Directors and members of committees may receive such compensation, if any, for their services, and such reimbursement for expenses, as may be fixed or determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.
 
Section 3.9       Committees.
 
(a)       Executive Committee: The Board of Directors may appoint an Executive Committee of not less than one member, each of whom shall be a director. The Executive Committee, to the extent permitted by law, shall have and may exercise when the Board of Directors is not in session all powers of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, except such committee shall not have the power or authority to amend these Bylaws or to approve or recommend to the stockholders any action which must be submitted to stockholders for approval under the General Corporation Law.
 
(b)       Other Committees: The Board of Directors may, from time to time appoint such other committees as may be permitted by law. Such other committees appointed by the Board of Directors shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the resolution or resolutions creating such committee, but in no event shall any such committee have the powers denied to the Executive Committee in these Bylaws.
 
(c)       Term: The members of all committees of the Board of Directors shall serve a term coexistent with that of the Board of Directors which shall have appointed such committee. The Board, subject to the provisions of subsections (a) or (b) of this Section 3.8 , may at any time increase or decrease the number of members of a committee or terminate the existence of a committee; provided that no committee shall consist of less than one member. The membership of a committee member shall terminate on the date of his death or voluntary resignation, but the Board may at any time for any reason remove any individual committee member and the Board may fill any committee vacancy created by death, resignation, removal or increase in the number of members of the committee. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee, and, in addition, in the absence or disqualification of any member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.
 
(d)       Meetings: Unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide, regular meetings of the Executive Committee or any other committee appointed pursuant to this Section 3.8 shall be held at such times and places as are determined by the Board of Directors, or by any such committee, and when notice thereof has been given to each member of such committee, no further notice of such regular meetings need be given thereafter; special meetings of any such committee may be held at the principal office of the corporation required to be maintained pursuant to Section 1.2 of ARTICLE 1 hereof; or at any place which has been designated from time to time by resolution of such committee or by written consent of all members thereof, and may be called by any director who is a member of such committee upon written notice to the members of such committee of the time and place of
 
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such special meeting given in the manner provided for the giving of written notice to members of the Board of Directors of the time and place of special meetings of the Board of Directors. Notice of any special meeting of any committee may be waived in writing at any time after the meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat. A majority of the authorized number of members of any such committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of those present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of such committee.
 
ARTICLE 4
 
OFFICERS
 
Section 4.1       Officers Designated.
 
The officers of the corporation shall be a Chief Executive Officer, who shall be the President of the corporation, a Chief Financial Officer, who shall be the Treasurer of the corporation, a Secretary and a Chief Operating Officer. The Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may also appoint a Chairman of the Board, one or more Vice-Presidents, assistant secretaries, assistant treasurers, and such other officers and agents with such powers and duties as it or he shall deem necessary. The order of the seniority of the Vice- Presidents shall be in the order of their nomination unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may assign such additional titles to one or more of the officers as they shall deem appropriate. Any one person may hold any number of offices of the corporation at any one time unless specifically prohibited therefrom by law. The salaries and other compensation of the officers of the corporation shall be fixed by or in the manner designated by the Board of Directors.
 
Section 4.2       Tenure and Duties of Officers.
 
(a)       General: All officers shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and until their successors shall have been duly elected and qualified, unless sooner removed. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors. If the office of any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by the Board of Directors. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be construed as creating any kind of contractual right to employment with the corporation.
 
(b)       Duties of the Chairman of the Board of Directors: The Chairman of the Board of Directors (if there be such an officer appointed) when present shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time.
 
(c)       Duties of Chief Executive Officer (President): The Chief Executive Officer shall be the President of the corporation and shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and at all meetings of the Board of Directors, unless the Chairman of the Board of Directors has been appointed and is present. The Chief Executive Officer shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time.
 
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(d)       Duties of Chief Financial Officer (Treasurer): The Chief Financial Officer shall be the Treasurer of the corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall keep or cause to be kept the books of account of the corporation in a thorough and proper manner, and shall render statements of the financial affairs of the corporation in such form and as often as required by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Financial Officer, subject to the order of the Board of Directors, shall have the custody of all funds and securities of the corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform all other duties commonly incident to his office and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer shall designate from time to time. The Chief Executive Officer may direct any assistant treasurer to assume and perform such duties in the absence or disability of the Chief Financial Officer, and each assistant treasurer shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer shall designate from time to time.
 
(e)       Duties of Secretary: The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors and any committee thereof, and shall record all acts and proceedings thereof in the minute book of the corporation, which may be maintained in either paper or electronic form. The Secretary shall give notice, in conformity with these Bylaws, of all meetings of the stockholders and of all meetings of the Board of Directors and any Committee thereof requiring notice. The Secretary shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time. The Chief Executive Officer may direct any assistant secretary to assume and perform the duties of the Secretary in the absence or disability of the Secretary, and each assistant secretary shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer shall designate from time to time.
 
(f)       Duties of Chief Operating Officer . The Chief Operating Officer shall perform all duties commonly incident to his office and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer shall designate from time to time.
 
ARTICLE 5
 
EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS, AND
VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION
 
Section 5.1       Execution of Corporate Instruments.
 
(a)       The Board of Directors may in its discretion determine the method and designate the signatory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to execute any corporate instrument or document, or to sign the corporate name without limitation, except where otherwise provided by law, and such execution or signature shall be binding upon the corporation.
 
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(b)       nless otherwise specifically determined by the Board of Directors or otherwise required by law, formal contracts of the corporation, promissory notes, deeds of trust, mortgages and other evidences of indebtedness of the corporation, and other corporate instruments or documents requiring the corporate seal, and certificates of shares of stock owned by the corporation, shall be executed, signed or endorsed by the Chairman of the Board (if there be such an officer appointed) or by the President; such documents may also be executed by any Vice-President and by the Secretary or Treasurer or any assistant secretary or assistant treasurer. All other instruments and documents requiring the corporate signature but not requiring the corporate seal may be executed as aforesaid or in such other manner as may be directed by the Board of Directors.
 
(c)       All checks and drafts drawn on banks or other depositaries on funds to the credit of the corporation or in special accounts of the corporation shall be signed by such person or persons as the Board of Directors shall authorize so to do.
 
(d)       Execution of any corporate instrument may be effected in such form, either manual, facsimile or electronic signature, as may be authorized by the Board of Directors.
 
Section 5.2       Voting of Securities Owned by Corporation.
 
All stock and other securities of other corporations owned or held by the corporation for itself or for other parties in any capacity shall be voted, and all proxies with respect thereto shall be executed, by the person authorized so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors or, in the absence of such authorization, by the Chairman of the Board (if there be such an officer appointed), or by the President, or by any Vice-President.
 
ARTICLE 6
 
SHARES OF STOCK
 
Section 6.1       Form and Execution of Certificates.
 
The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the corporation. Certificates for the shares of stock of the corporation shall be in such form as is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law. Every holder of stock in the corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the corporation by, the Chairman of the Board (if there be such an officer appointed), or by the President or any Vice-President and by the Treasurer or assistant treasurer or the Secretary or assistant secretary, certifying the number of shares owned by him in the corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent,
 
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or registrar at the date of issue. If the corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, provided that, except as otherwise provided in section 202 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.
 
Section 6.2       Lost Certificates.
 
The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to indemnify the corporation in such manner as it shall require and/or to give the corporation a surety bond in such form and amount as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost or destroyed.
 
Section 6.3       Transfers.
 
Transfers of record of shares of stock of the corporation shall be made only upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by attorney duly authorized, and upon the surrender of a certificate or certificates for a like number of shares, properly endorsed.
 
Section 6.4       Fixing Record Dates.
 
(a)       In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the date on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
 
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(b)       In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
 
Section 6.5       Registered Stockholders.
 
The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and to vote as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.
 
ARTICLE 7
 
OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION
 
All bonds, debentures and other corporate securities of the corporation, other than stock certificates, may be signed by the Chairman of the Board (if there be such an officer appointed), or the President or any Vice-President or such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors and the corporate seal impressed thereon or a facsimile of such seal imprinted thereon and attested by the signature of the Secretary or an assistant secretary, or the Treasurer or an assistant treasurer; provided, however, that where any such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be authenticated by the manual signature of a trustee under an indenture pursuant to which such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be issued, the signature of the persons signing and attesting the corporate seal on such bond, debenture or other corporate security may be the imprinted facsimile of the signatures of such persons. Interest coupons appertaining to any such bond, debenture or other corporate security, authenticated by a trustee as aforesaid, shall be signed by the Treasurer or an assistant treasurer of the corporation, or such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors, or bear imprinted thereon the facsimile signature of such person. In case any officer who shall have signed or attested any bond, debenture or other corporate security, or whose facsimile signature shall appear thereon has ceased to be an officer of the corporation before the bond, debenture or other corporate security so signed or attested shall have been delivered, such bond, debenture or other corporate security nevertheless may be adopted by the corporation and issued and delivered as though the person who signed the same or whose facsimile signature shall have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer of the corporation.
 
16

 
ARTICLE 8
 
CORPORATE SEAL
 
The corporate seal shall consist of a die bearing the name of the corporation and the state and date of its incorporation. Said seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
 
ARTICLE 9
 
INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS
 
Section 9.1       Right to Indemnification.
 
Each person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved (as a party, witness, or otherwise), in any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative (hereinafter a “Proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he, or a person of whom he is the legal representative, is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of the Proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee, or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee, or agent (hereafter an “Agent”), shall be indemnified and held harmless by the corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended or interpreted (but, in the case of any such amendment or interpretation, only to the extent that such amendment or interpretation permits the corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than were permitted prior thereto) against all expenses, liability, and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties, and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, and any interest, assessments, or other charges imposed thereon, and any federal, state, local, or foreign taxes imposed on any Agent as a result of the actual or deemed receipt of any payments under this Article) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection with investigating, defending, being a witness in, or participating in (including on appeal), or preparing for any of the foregoing in, any Proceeding (hereinafter “Expenses”); provided, however , that except as to actions to enforce indemnification rights pursuant to Section 9.3 of this Article, the corporation shall indemnify any Agent seeking indemnification in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if the Proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the corporation. The right to indemnification conferred in this Article shall be a contract right.
 
Section 9.2       Authority to Advance Expenses.
 
Expenses incurred by an officer or director (acting in his capacity as such) in defending a Proceeding shall be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding, provided, however, that if required by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended, such Expenses shall be advanced only upon delivery to the corporation of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized in this Article or otherwise. Expenses incurred by other Agents of the corporation (or by the directors or officers not acting in their capacity as such, including service with respect to employee benefit plans) may be advanced upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors deems appropriate. Any obligation to reimburse the corporation for Expense advances shall be unsecured and no interest shall be charged thereon.
 
17

 
Section 9.3       Right of Claimant to Bring Suit.
 
If a claim under Section 9.1 or Section 9.2 of this Article is not paid in full by the corporation within 60 days after a written claim has been received by the corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant shall be entitled to be paid also the expense (including attorneys’ fees) of prosecuting such claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending a Proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking has been tendered to the corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct that make it permissible under the Delaware General Corporation Law for the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed. The burden of proving such a defense shall be on the corporation. Neither the failure of the corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper under the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant had not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.
 
Section 9.4       Provisions Nonexclusive.
 
The rights conferred on any person by this Article shall not be exclusive of any other rights that such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise, both as to action in an official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office. To the extent that any provision of the Certificate, agreement, or vote of the stockholders or disinterested directors is inconsistent with these bylaws, the provision, agreement, or vote shall take precedence.
 
Section 9.5       Authority to Insure.
 
The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance to protect itself and any Agent against any Expense, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the Agent against such Expense under applicable law or the provisions of this Article.
 
18

 
Section 9.6       Survival of Rights.
 
The rights provided by this Article shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be an Agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, and administrators of such a person.
 
Section 9.7       Settlement of Claims.
 
The corporation shall not be liable to indemnify any Agent under this Article (a) for any amounts paid in settlement of any action or claim effected without the corporation’s written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; or (b) for any judicial award if the corporation was not given a reasonable and timely opportunity, at its expense, to participate in the defense of such action.
 
Section 9.8       Effect of Amendment.
 
Any amendment, repeal, or modification of this Article shall not adversely affect any right or protection of any Agent existing at the time of such amendment, repeal, or modification.
 
Section 9.9       Subrogation.
 
In the event of payment under this Article, the corporation shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the Agent, who shall execute all papers required and shall do everything that may be necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents necessary to enable the corporation effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.
 
Section 9.10     No Duplication of Payments.
 
The corporation shall not be liable under this Article to make any payment in connection with any claim made against the Agent to the extent the Agent has otherwise actually received payment (under any insurance policy, agreement, vote, or otherwise) of the amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder.
 
19

 
ARTICLE 10
 
NOTICES
 
Whenever, under any provisions of these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any stockholder, the same shall be given either (1) in writing, timely and duly deposited in the United States Mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to his last known post office address as shown by the stock record of the corporation or its transfer agent, or (2) by a means of electronic transmission that satisfies the requirements of Section 2.4(e) of these Bylaws. Any notice required to be given to any director may be given by either of the methods hereinabove stated, except that such notice other than one which is delivered personally, shall be sent to such address or (in the case of electronic communication) such e-mail address, facsimile telephone number or other form of electronic address as such director shall have filed in writing or by electronic communication with the Secretary of the corporation, or, in the absence of such filing, to the last known post office address of such director. If no address of a stockholder or director be known, such notice may be sent to the office of the corporation required to be maintained pursuant to Section 1.2 of ARTICLE 1 hereof. An affidavit of mailing, executed by a duly authorized and competent employee of the corporation or its transfer agent appointed with respect to the class of stock affected, specifying the name and address or the names and addresses of the stockholder or stockholders, director or directors, to whom any such notice or notices was or were given, and the time and method of giving the same, shall be conclusive evidence of the statements therein contained. All notices given by mail, as above provided, shall be deemed to have been given as at the time of mailing and all notices given by means of electronic transmission shall be deemed to have been given as at the sending time recorded by the electronic transmission equipment operator transmitting the same. It shall not be necessary that the same method of giving notice be employed in respect of all directors, but one permissible method may be employed in respect of any one or more, and any other permissible method or methods may be employed in respect of any other or others. The period or limitation of time within which any stockholder may exercise any option or right, or enjoy any privilege or benefit, or be required to act, or within which any director may exercise any power or right, or enjoy any privilege, pursuant to any notice sent him in the manner above provided, shall not be affected or extended in any manner by the failure of such a stockholder or such director to receive such notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of the statutes or of the Certificate of Incorporation, or of these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Whenever notice is required to be given, under any provision of law or of the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the corporation, to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or agency for a license or permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. In the event that the action taken by the corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate under any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that notice was given to all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom communication is unlawful.
 
ARTICLE 11
 
AMENDMENTS
 
These Bylaws may be repealed, altered or amended or new Bylaws adopted at any meeting of the stockholders, either annual or special, by the affirmative vote of 66 2/3% of the stock entitled to vote at such meeting, unless a larger vote is required by these Bylaws or the Certificate of Incorporation. The Board of Directors shall also have the authority to repeal, alter or amend these Bylaws or adopt new Bylaws (including, without limitation, the amendment of any Bylaws setting forth the number of directors who shall constitute the whole Board of Directors) by written consent or at any annual, regular, or special meeting by the affirmative vote of a majority of the whole number of directors, subject to the power of the stockholders to change or repeal such Bylaws and provided that the Board of Directors shall not make or alter any Bylaws fixing the qualifications, classifications, or term of office of directors.
 
20

 
CERTIFICATE OF SECRETARY
 
The undersigned Secretary of Combimatrix Corporation, a Delaware corporation, hereby certifies that the foregoing is a full, true and correct copy of the Amended and Restated Bylaws of said corporation, with all amendments to date of this Certificate.
 
WITNESS the signature of the undersigned this ___ day of February, 2006.
 

 
 
 
________________________________________
__________________, Secretary
 
21


Schedule 1.01(c)
 
Certificate of Incorporation
 
AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
_____________________, 2006
 
CombiMatrix Corporation, a corporation organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware DOES HEREBY CERTIFY:
 
FIRST :   The original Certificate of Incorporation of CombiMatrix Corporation was filed under the name Combi Acquisition Corp. with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on March 15, 2002.
 
SECOND :   Combi Acquisition Corp. merged with and into CombiMatrix Corporation and simultaneously changed its name to CombiMatrix Corporation via the filing of a Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on December 13, 2002.
 
THIRD :    The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of CombiMatrix Corporation in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A has been duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Sections 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware by the directors and sole stockholder of CombiMatrix Corporation.
 
FOURTH :   The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation so adopted reads in full as set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto and is hereby incorporated herein by this reference.
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, CombiMatrix Corporation has caused this Certificate to be signed by its Chief Financial Officer as of the date first written above.
 
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
 
By:
/s/ Scott Burell
 
Name:
Title:
Scott Burell
Chief Financial Officer
   

1


AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
ARTICLE I
NAME
 
The name of the corporation is CombiMatrix Corporation (the " Corporation ").
 
ARTICLE II
ADDRESS OF REGISTERED OFFICE;
NAME OF REGISTERED AGENT
 
The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is Registered Agent Solutions, Inc., 15 E. North Street, City of Dover, County of Kent, Delaware 19901. The name of its registered agent at that address is Registered Agent Solutions, Inc.
 
ARTICLE III
PURPOSE
 
The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the Delaware General Corporation Law (the " DGCL ").
 
ARTICLE IV
CAPITAL STOCK
 
Section 1.       Authorization . The total number of shares of all classes of stock that the Corporation is authorized to issue is Two Hundred and Ten Million (210,000,000) shares, consisting of One Hundred and Eighty Million (180,000,000) shares of Common Stock with a par value of $.001 per share, and Thirty Million (30,000,000) shares of Preferred Stock with a par value of $.001 per share. Upon the effectiveness of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, each outstanding share of Common Stock of the Corporation shall be split and divided into four (4) shares of Common Stock . No fractional shares shall be recorded in the stock ledger of the Corporation as a result of the stock split provided for above. Any fractional share (a “ Fractional Interest ”) that would otherwise be issuable to a holder of Common Stock (a “ Fractional Share Holder ”) shall be treated as described in the following sentence: The Fractional Interest shall be cancelled and the Fractional Share Holder shall be entitled to receive an amount in cash equal to the product of the Fractional Interest to which such Fractional Share Holder would otherwise have been entitled, multiplied by the fair market value of one share of Common Stock immediately following the effectiveness of the stock split provided for above, as determined by the Board of Directors. Whether or not a Fractional Interest is to be recorded as a result of the stock split provided for above shall be determined on the basis of the total number of shares of Common Stock held by the record holder at the time the stock split occurs.
 
2

 
Section 2.       Preferred Stock . The Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series, each with such distinctive designation as may be stated in the Certificate of Incorporation or in any amendment hereto, or in a resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such stock from time to time adopted by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof. The resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of shares of a particular series shall fix, subject to applicable laws and the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, for each such series the number of shares constituting such series and the designation and the voting powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, such provisions as may be desired concerning voting, redemption, dividends, dissolution or the distribution of assets, conversion or exchange, and such other subjects or matters as may be fixed by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof under the DGCL. Except as otherwise required by law, or as otherwise fixed by resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors with respect to one or more series of Preferred Stock, the entire voting power and all voting rights shall be vested exclusively in the Common Stock, and each stockholder of the Corporation who at the time possesses voting power for any purpose shall be entitled to one vote for each share of such stock standing in his name on the books of the Corporation.
 
Section 3.       Common Stock .
 
(a)       Voting Rights . Except as may otherwise be provided in the certificate of incorporation of the corporation (including any certificate filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware establishing the terms of a series of Preferred Stock pursuant to the provisions of Article IV , Section 2 hereof) or by applicable law, each holder of Common Stock, as such, shall be entitled to one (1) vote for each share of Common Stock held of record by such holder on all matters on which stockholders generally are entitled to vote, and no holder of any series of Preferred Stock, as such, shall be entitled to any voting powers in respect thereof.
 
(b)       Dividends . Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock provided for or fixed pursuant to the provisions of Article IV , Section 2 hereof, dividends may be declared and paid on the Common Stock at such times and in such amounts as the Board of Directors in its discretion shall determine.
 
(c)       Liquidation; Dissolution . Upon the dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the corporation, subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock provided for or fixed pursuant to the provisions of Article IV , Section 2 hereof, the holders of the Common Stock shall be entitled to receive the assets of the corporation available for distribution to its stockholders ratably in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by them.
 
ARTICLE V
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
Section 1.       Number of Directors and Election . Subject to any rights of holders of the Corporation’s preferred stock, the number of directors will be fixed from time to time by action of not less than a majority of the directors then in office, but in no event shall the number of directors be less than five (5) nor more than nine (9).
 
3

 
Section 2.       Powers of the Board of Directors . In furtherance, and not in limitation, of the powers conferred by the laws of the State of Delaware, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, alter, amend and repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation.
 
Section 3.       Removal . Directors may be removed, with or without cause, only upon the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, subject to any rights of holders of the Corporation’s preferred stock; provided, however, that where such action is approved by a majority of the directors the affirmative vote of only a majority of the holders of all outstanding shares of the Corporation’s common stock will be required for approval of such action.
 
ARTICLE VI
STOCKHOLDER ACTIONS
 
Section 1.       Meetings and Records . Meetings of stockholders may be held within or without the State of Delaware, as the Bylaws of the Corporation may provide. The books of the Corporations may be kept (subject to the DGCL) outside of the State of Delaware at such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or in the Bylaws of the Corporation.
 
Section 2.       Special Meetings . Special meetings of stockholders may be called at any time by the Board of Directors or by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the President, and may not be called by any other person or persons.
 
Section 3.       Written Consents . No action that is required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders may be effected by written consent of the stockholders in lieu of a meeting of stockholders.
 
Section 4.       Vacancies . Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock as provided for or fixed pursuant to the provisions of Article IVSection 2 hereof, newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors or any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal or other cause shall be filled solely and exclusively by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors. Any director so chosen shall hold office until the next election of the class for which such director shall have been chosen and until his or her successor shall be elected and qualified. No decrease in the number of directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.
 
4

 
ARTICLE VII
LIMITATION ON LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS
 
No person shall be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, including without limitation for serving on a committee of the Board of Directors, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL as the same exists or hereafter may be amended. If the DGCL is amended after the date of the filing of this Certificate of Incorporation to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as so amended. Any amendment, repeal or modification of this Article VII shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing hereunder with respect to any act or omission occurring prior to such amendment, repeal or modification.
 
ARTICLE VIII
INDEMNIFICATION
 
The Corporation may indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law any person made or threatened to be made a party to an action or proceeding, whether criminal, civil, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such person, his or her testator or intestate is or was a director, officer or employee of the Corporation or any predecessor of the Corporation or serves or served at any other enterprise as a director, officer or employee at the request of the Corporation or any predecessor to the Corporation. No amendment, repeal or modification of this Article VIII by the stockholders shall adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing by virtue of this Article VIII at the time of such amendment, repeal or modification.
 
ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
 
The Corporation hereby reserves the right from time to time to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in the Certificate of Incorporation, and other provisions authorized by the laws of the State of Delaware at the time in force may be added or inserted, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by law, and all rights, preferences, and privileges of whatsoever nature conferred upon the stockholders, directors or any other persons whomsoever by or pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation in its present form or as hereafter amended are granted subject to the right reserved in this Article IX .
 
ARTICLE X
CREDITORS
 
Whenever a compromise or arrangement is proposed between this Corporation and its creditors or any class of them and/or between this Corporation and its stockholders or any class of them, any court of equitable jurisdiction within the State of Delaware may, on the application in a summary way of this Corporation or of any creditor or stockholder thereof, or on the application of any receiver or receivers appointed for this Corporation under the provisions of Section 291 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code or on the application of trustees in dissolution or of any receiver or receivers appointed for this Corporation under the provisions of Section 279 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code order a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of this Corporation, as the case may be, to be summoned in such manner as the said court directs. If a majority in number representing three-fourths in value of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of stockholders of this Corporation, as the case may be, agree to any compromise or arrangement and to any reorganization of this Corporation as a consequence of such compromise or arrangement, the said compromise or arrangement and the said reorganization shall, if sanctioned by the court to which the said application has been made, be binding on all the creditors or class of creditors, and/or on all the stockholders or class of stockholders, of this Corporation, as the case may be, and also on this Corporation.
 
5

 
Schedule 1.01(d)
 
CombiMatrix Assets
 
 
1)  
Ownership Interest in Advanced Material Sciences, Inc.
 
2)  
Ownership Interest in CombiMatrix, K.K.
 
3)  
Any net proceeds received by Acacia from any future settlement or disposition of the lawsuit between Acacia Research Corporation and National Union
 
4)  
Any net proceeds received by Acacia from the sale of AR-CombiMatrix stock as the result of a financing event or exercise of an option or warrant to purchase AR-CombiMatrix stock prior to the Time of Distribution
 
[end]
 

 
Schedule 1.01(e)
 
CombiMatrix Liabilities
 
 
1)  
Dent / Strathmann matter
 
2)  
Ragsdale matter
 
3)  
Jeff Oster matter
 
[end]
 

 
Schedule 1.01(f)
 
CombiMatrix Property
 
NONE.
 


Schedule 1.01(g)
 
CombiMatrix Subsidiaries
 

 
Advanced Materials Sciences, Inc.
 
CombiMatrix International Holdings Corp.
 
CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc.
 
CombiMatrix K.K.
 
Leuchemix, Inc.
 

 
[end]
 

 
Schedule 2.01(c)
 
Acacia Actions
 
[to be attached]
 

 
Schedule 2.03(a)
 
Elimination of Intercompany Agreements
 
NONE.
 


Schedule 2.03(b)
 
Intercompany Agreements
 
NONE.
 

 
Schedule 2.04
 
CombiMatrix Board of Directors
 
Amit Kumar, Ph.D
 
Brooke Anderson, Ph.D
 
Thomas Akin
 
Rigdon Currie
 
John Abeles, MD

 
[end]
 

 
Schedule 2.05
 
Exceptions to Acacia Resignations
 
NONE
 

 
Schedule 5.03(a)
 
CombiMatrix/May 2003 Warrants
 
 
Warrant Date
 
 
No. of Warrant Shares
 
 
No. of Warrant Shares Outstanding
 
 
5/20/03
 
 
67,500
 
 
67,500
 
 
5/20/03
 
 
45,455
 
 
45,455
 
 
5/20/03
 
 
170,455
 
 
170,455
 


 
Schedule 5.03(b)
 
CombiMatrix/Piper 2005 Warrants
 
WARRANT LEDGER - MAY 20, 2003 PRIVATE PLACEMENT
 
 
 
Warrant No.
 
 
Warrant Date
 
 
No. of Warrant Shares
 
 
No. of Warrant Shares Outstanding
 
W-1
 
9/21/05
 
6,061
 
6,061
 
W-2
 
9/21/05
 
60,606
 
60,606
 
W-3
 
9/21/05
 
84,849
 
84,849
 
W-4
 
9/21/05
 
60,606
 
60,606
 
W-5
 
9/21/05
 
303,030
 
303,030
 
W-6
 
9/21/05
 
151,515
 
151,515
 
W-7
 
9/21/05
 
75,758
 
75,758
 
W-8
 
9/21/05
 
151,515
 
151,515
 
W-9
 
9/21/05
 
37,879
 
37,879
 
W-10
 
9/21/05
 
20,000
 
20,000
 
W-11
 
9/21/05
 
105,000
 
105,000
 
W-12
 
9/21/05
 
75,000
 
75,000
 
W-13
 
9/21/05
 
113,636
 
113,636
 
W-14
 
9/21/05
 
61,250
 
61,250
 
W-15
 
9/21/05
 
62,500
 
62,500
 
W-16
 
9/21/05
 
121,212
 
121,212
 
W-19
 
9/21/05
 
37,879
 
37,879
 
W-20
 
9/21/05
 
21,591
 
21,591
 
W-21
 
9/21/05
 
3,788
 
3,788
 
W-22
 
9/21/05
 
12,500
 
12,500
 
W-23
 
9/28/06
 
7,576
 
7,576
 
W-24
 
9/22/06
 
22,727
 
22,727
 


 
Schedule 5.03(c)
 
CombiMatrix/Oppenheimer Warrants
 
 
 
No. of Warrant Shares
 
 
Warrant #
 
 
Date Issued
 
 
 
3,529,411
 
 
WA-001
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
288,000
 
 
WA-003
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
576,000
 
 
WA-004
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
288,000
 
 
WA-005
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
411,764
 
 
WA-006
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
204,000
 
 
WA-007
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
390,720
 
 
WA-008
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
60,960
 
 
WA-009
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
544,320
 
 
WA-010
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
300,000
 
 
WA-011
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
124,560
 
 
WA-012
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
45,480
 
 
WA-013
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
1,029,960
 
 
WA-014
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
28,800
 
 
WA-015
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
90,000
 
 
WA-016
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
12,000
 
 
WA-017
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
120,000
 
 
WA-018
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
24,000
 
 
WA-019
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
12,000
 
 
WA-020
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
12,000
 
 
WA-021
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
12,000
 
 
WA-022
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
12,000
 
 
WA-023
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
6,000
 
 
WA-024
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
488,416
 
 
WA-025
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
1,200,000
 
 
WA-026
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 
 
2,400,000
 
 
WA-027
 
 
12/13/2006
 
 

 
EXHIBIT 10.3
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
2006 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN
 
ARTICLE ONE
 
GENERAL PROVISIONS
 
I.   PURPOSE OF THE PLAN
 
This CombiMatrix Corporation 2006 Stock Incentive Plan is intended to promote the interests of CombiMatrix Corporation, a Delaware corporation, by providing eligible persons in the Corporation's Service with the opportunity to acquire a proprietary interest, or otherwise increase their proprietary interest, in the Corporation as an incentive for them to remain in such Service.
 
Capitalized terms shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the attached Appendix.
 
II.   STRUCTURE OF THE PLAN
 
A.   The Plan shall be divided into three separate equity incentive programs:
 
­   the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program under which eligible persons may, at the discretion of the Plan Administrator, be granted options to purchase shares of Common Stock,
 
­   the Stock Issuance Program under which eligible persons may, at the discretion of the Plan Administrator, be issued shares of Common Stock directly, either through the immediate purchase of such shares or as a bonus for services rendered the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary),
 
­   the Automatic Option Grant Program under which eligible non-employee Board members shall automatically receive option grants at designated intervals over their period of continued Board Service, and
 
B.   The provisions of Articles One and Five shall apply to all equity incentive programs under the Plan and shall govern the interests of all persons under the Plan.
 
III.   ADMINISTRATION OF THE PLAN
 
A.   The Committee shall have sole and exclusive authority to administer the Discretionary Option Grant and Stock Issuance Programs with respect to Section 16 Insiders. Administration of the Discretionary Option Grant and Stock Issuance Programs with respect to all other persons eligible to participate in those programs may, at the Board's discretion, be vested in the Committee, or the Board may retain the power to administer those programs with respect to all such persons. Other than with respect to Section 16 Insiders, the Board may also appoint an Executive Officer Committee to administer the Discretionary Option Program and Stock Issuance Program, subject to the applicable limitations and requirements of the Delaware Corporate Law. However, any discretionary option grants or stock issuances to members of the Committee must be authorized and approved by a disinterested majority of the Board.


 
B.   Members of the Committee or, if applicable, the Executive Officer Committee, shall serve for such period of time as the Board may determine and may be removed by the Board at any time.
 
C.   The Plan Administrator shall, within the scope of its administrative functions under the Plan, have full power and authority (subject to the provisions of the Plan) to establish such rules and regulations as it may deem appropriate for proper administration of the Discretionary Option Grant and Stock Issuance Programs and to make such determinations under, and issue such interpretations of, the provisions of those programs and any outstanding options or stock issuances thereunder as it may deem necessary or advisable. Decisions of the Plan Administrator within the scope of its administrative functions under the Plan shall be final and binding on all parties who have an interest in the Discretionary Option Grant and Stock Issuance Programs under its jurisdiction or any stock option or stock issuance thereunder.
 
D.   Service on the Committee shall constitute Service as a Board member, and members of each such committee shall accordingly be entitled to full indemnification and reimbursement as Board members for their service on such committee. No member of the Committee or, if applicable, the Executive Officer Committee, shall be liable for any act or omission made in good faith with respect to the Plan or any option grants or stock issuances under the Plan.
 
E.   Administration of the Automatic Option Grant Program shall be self-executing in accordance with the terms of those programs, and no Plan Administrator shall exercise any discretionary functions with respect to any option grants or stock issuances made under those programs.
 
IV.   ELIGIBILITY
 
A.   The persons eligible to participate in the Discretionary Option Grant and Stock Issuance Programs are as follows:
 
 
(i)
Employees,
 
 
(ii)
non-employee members of the Board or the board of directors of any Parent or Subsidiary, and
 
 
(iii)
consultants and other independent advisors who provide services to the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary).
 
B.   The Plan Administrator shall, within the scope of its administrative jurisdiction under the Plan, have full authority to determine, (i) with respect to the option grants under the Discretionary Option Grant Program, which eligible persons are to receive such grants, the time or times when those grants are to be made, the number of shares to be covered by each such grant, the status of the granted option as either an Incentive Option or a Non-Statutory Option, if, and the extent to which, each option is to be exercisable at a different time or times than those times set forth in Section I.B.1. of Article Two of the Plan, the vesting schedule (if any) applicable to the option shares and the maximum term for which the option is to remain outstanding and (ii) with respect to stock issuances under the Stock Issuance Program, which eligible persons are to receive such issuances, the time or times when the issuances are to be made, the number of shares to be issued to each Participant, the vesting schedule (if any) applicable to the issued shares and the consideration for such shares.


 
C.   The Plan Administrator shall have the absolute discretion either to grant options in accordance with the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program or to effect stock issuances in accordance with the Stock Issuance Program.
 
D.   The individuals who shall be eligible to participate in the Automatic Option Grant Program shall be limited to (i) those individuals who first become non-employee Board members after the Plan Effective Date, whether through appointment by the Board or election by the Corporation's stockholders, and (ii) those individuals who continue to serve as non-employee Board members on the first business day in each calendar year following the Plan Effective Date and during the term of the Plan, including any individuals who first became non-employee Board members prior to such Plan Effective Date. A non-employee Board member who has previously been in the employ of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary) shall not be eligible to receive an option grant under the Automatic Option Grant Program at the time he or she first becomes a non-employee Board member, but shall be eligible to receive periodic option grants under the Automatic Option Grant Program while he or she continues to serve as a non-employee Board member.
 
V.   STOCK SUBJECT TO THE PLAN
 
A.   The stock issuable under the Plan shall be shares of authorized but unissued or reacquired Common Stock, including shares repurchased by the Corporation on the open market. The number of shares of Common Stock initially reserved for issuance over the term of the Plan shall not exceed 8,100,000 shares of Common Stock. For purposes of clarification, the shares of Common Stock subject to the Assumed Options are not included in the 8,100,000 share of Common Stock reserved hereunder for issuance pursuant to this paragraph, though the shares of Common Stock subject to the Assumed Options may become available for grant under this Plan to the extent provided in Article One, Section V.D. below.
 
B.   The number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Plan shall automatically increase on the first trading day of January each calendar year during the term of the Plan, beginning with calendar year 2007, by an amount equal to three percent (3%) of the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on the last trading day in December of the immediately preceding calendar year. The maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan (as adjusted for all such annual increases) through Incentive Options shall be 30,000,000 shares of Common Stock.
 
C.   At such time as stock option or stock appreciation rights granted under the Plan may qualify as performance-based compensation under Code Section 162(m), no one person participating in the Plan may receive stock options or separately exercisable stock appreciation rights for more than 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate per calendar year. At such time as direct stock issuances or share right awards granted under the Plan may qualify as performance-based compensation under Code Section 162(m), no one person participating in the Plan may receive direct stock issuances or share right awards for more than 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate per calendar year. In addition, the maximum dollar value payable to any one Participant with respect to awards granted under Article Five, Section VIII.B. is $5,000,000 per calendar year.


 
D.   Shares of Common Stock subject to outstanding options, Assumed Options or stock appreciation rights shall be available for subsequent issuance under the Plan to the extent such shares are not issued pursuant to such options, Assumed Options or stock appreciation rights prior to the expiration, termination or cancellation of such options, Assumed Options or stock appreciation rights for any reason. Shares of Common Stock subject to outstanding share right awards shall be available for subsequent issuance under the Plan to the extent those share right awards expire, terminate or are cancelled for any reason prior to the issuance of all shares of Common Stock subject to such share right awards. Unvested shares issued under the Plan and subsequently cancelled, forfeited or repurchased by the Corporation, at a price per share not greater than the original issue price paid per share, pursuant to the Corporation’s repurchase rights under the Plan shall be added back to the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Plan. In addition, (i) should no shares of Common Stock be delivered upon the exercise of a stock appreciation right or (ii) should the exercise price of an option under the Plan or an Assumed Option be paid with shares of Common Stock (either shares previously held by the individual exercising the option or shares deducted from the option) or (iii) should shares of Common Stock otherwise issuable under the Plan or pursuant to or an Assumed Option be withheld by the Corporation in satisfaction of the withholding taxes incurred in connection with the exercise of an option, an Assumed Option or stock appreciation right or in connection with a stock issuance (including a share right award) under the Plan, then the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Plan shall be reduced by the net number of shares issued to the holder of the award, and not by the gross number of shares of Common Stock for which the option, Assumed Option or stock appreciation right is exercised or which vest or are issued pursuant to the stock issuance (including a share right award).
 
E.   If any change is made to the Common Stock by reason of any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, merger, reorganization, combination of shares, exchange of shares or other change affecting the outstanding Common Stock as a class without the Corporation's receipt of consideration, appropriate adjustments shall be made by the Plan Administrator to (i) the maximum number, type and/or class of securities issuable under the Plan, (ii) the maximum number, type and/or class of securities for which any one person may be granted (x) stock options and separately exercisable stock appreciation rights and (y) direct stock issuances and share right awards under the Plan per calendar year, (iii) the number, type and/or class of securities for which grants are subsequently to be made under the Automatic Option Grant Program to new and continuing non-employee Board members, (iv) the number, type and/or class of securities and the exercise price per share in effect under each outstanding option and stock appreciation right under the Plan, (v) the number, kind and/or class of securities under each share right award, and (vi) the maximum number, type and/or class of securities by which the share reserve is to increase automatically each calendar year pursuant to the provisions of Section V.B. of this Article One. Such adjustments to the outstanding awards are to be effected in a manner which shall preclude the enlargement or dilution of rights and benefits under such options. The adjustments determined by the Plan Administrator shall be final, binding and conclusive.


 
ARTICLE TWO
 
DISCRETIONARY OPTION/STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHT GRANT PROGRAM
 
I.   OPTION TERMS
 
Each option shall be evidenced by one or more documents in the form approved by the Plan Administrator; provided, however, that each such document shall comply with the terms specified below. Each document evidencing an Incentive Option shall, in addition, be subject to the provisions of the Plan applicable to such options.
 
A.   EXERCISE PRICE.
 
1.   The exercise price per share shall be fixed by the Plan Administrator but shall not be less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant date.
 
2.   The exercise price shall become immediately due upon exercise of the option and shall, subject to the provisions of the documents evidencing the option, be payable in one or more of the forms specified below:
 
(i)   cash or check made payable to the Corporation, or
 
(ii)   shares of Common Stock held for the requisite period necessary to avoid a charge to the Corporation's earnings for financial reporting purposes and valued at Fair Market Value on the Exercise Date (including the cancellation of shares of Common Stock subject to the option), or
 
(iii)   to the extent the option is exercised for vested shares, through a special sale and remittance procedure pursuant to which the Optionee shall concurrently provide irrevocable instructions to (a) a Corporation-designated brokerage firm to effect the immediate sale of the purchased shares and remit to the Corporation, out of the sale proceeds available on the settlement date, sufficient funds to cover the aggregate exercise price payable for the purchased shares plus all applicable Federal, state and local income and employment taxes required to be withheld by the Corporation by reason of such exercise and (b) the Corporation to deliver the certificates for the purchased shares directly to such brokerage firm in order to complete the sale, or
 
(iv)   Any other form of legal consideration, as determined by the Plan Administrator and specifically included in the stock option agreement.
 
Except to the extent such sale and remittance procedure is utilized, payment of the exercise price for the purchased shares must be made on the Exercise Date.


 
B.   EXERCISE AND TERM OF OPTIONS.
 
1.   Each option shall vest and be exercisable at such time or times, during such period and for such number of shares as shall be determined by the Plan Administrator and set forth in the documents evidencing the option.
 
2.   Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan, no option shall have a term in excess of ten (10) years measured from the option grant date.
 
C.   EFFECT OF TERMINATION OF SERVICE.
 
1.   The following provisions shall govern the exercise of any options held by the Optionee at the time of cessation of Service or death:
 
(i)   Termination of Service . Subject to earlier termination of the option as otherwise provided in the Plan and unless otherwise specifically provided by the Plan Administrator with respect to an option and set forth in the award agreement (either at grant or by amendment at a later time), an option shall remain exercisable, to the extent vested, after a Optionee’s termination of Service only during the applicable time period determined in accordance with this Section and thereafter shall terminate and no longer be exercisable:
 
(A)   Death or Permanent Disability. If the Optionee’s Service terminates because of the death or Permanent Disability of the Optionee, the option, to the extent unexercised, vested and exercisable on the date on which the Optionee’s Service terminated, may be exercised by the Optionee (or the Optionee’s legal representative or estate, as applicable) at any time prior to the expiration of twelve (12) months (or such other period of time as determined by the Plan Administrator, in its discretion) after the date on which the Optionee’s Service terminated, but in any event only with respect to the unexercised and vested portion of the option and not after the maximum term of the option.
 
(B)   Termination for Misconduct. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, if the Optionee’s Service is terminated for Misconduct or should the Optionee otherwise engage in Misconduct while holding one or more outstanding options, then all such options shall terminate immediately and cease to be outstanding.
 
(C)   Other Termination of Service. If the Optionee’s Service terminates for any reason, except Permanent Disability, death or Misconduct, the option, to the extent unexercised, vested and exercisable by the Optionee on the date on which the Optionee’s Service terminated, may be exercised by the Optionee at any time prior to the expiration of ninety (90) days (or such longer or shorter period of time as determined by the Plan Administrator, in its discretion) after the date on which the Optionee’s Service terminated, but in any event only with respect to the unexercised and vested portion of the option and not the maximum term of the option.
 
(ii)   Any option held by the Optionee at the time of death and exercisable in whole or in part at that time may be subsequently exercised by the personal representative of the Optionee's estate or by the person or persons to whom the option is transferred pursuant to the Optionee's will or the laws of descent and distribution or by the Optionee's designated beneficiary or beneficiaries of that option.


 
(iii)   During the applicable post-Service exercise period, the option may not be exercised in the aggregate for more than the number of vested shares for which the option is exercisable on the date of the Optionee's cessation of Service. Upon the expiration of the applicable exercise period or (if earlier) upon the expiration of the option term, the option shall terminate and cease to be outstanding for any vested shares for which the option has not been exercised. However, the option shall, immediately upon the Optionee's cessation of Service, terminate and cease to be outstanding to the extent the option is not otherwise at that time exercisable for vested shares.
 
2.   The Plan Administrator shall have complete discretion, exercisable either at the time an option is granted or at any time while the option remains outstanding, to:
 
(i)   extend the period of time for which the option is to remain exercisable following the Optionee's cessation of Service from the limited exercise period otherwise in effect for that option to such greater period of time as the Plan Administrator shall deem appropriate, but in no event beyond the expiration of the option term and in no event to such extent to make the option subject to Section 409A (unless given the prior consent of the Optionee), and/or
 
(ii)   permit the option to be exercised, during the applicable post-Service exercise period, not only with respect to the number of vested shares of Common Stock for which such option is exercisable at the time of the Optionee's cessation of Service but also with respect to one or more additional installments in which the Optionee would have vested had the Optionee continued in Service.
 
D.   STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS. The holder of an option shall have no stockholder rights with respect to the shares subject to the option until such person shall have exercised the option, paid the exercise price and become a holder of record of the purchased shares.

E.   REPURCHASE RIGHTS.   The Plan Administrator shall have the discretion to grant options which are exercisable for unvested shares of Common Stock. Should the Optionee cease Service while holding such unvested shares, the Corporation shall have the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase any or all of those unvested shares at a price per share equal to the lower of (i) the exercise price paid per share or (ii) the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock at the time of the Optionee’s cessation of Service. The terms upon which such repurchase right shall be exercisable (including the period and procedure for exercise and the appropriate vesting schedule for the purchased shares) shall be established by the Plan Administrator and set forth in the document evidencing such repurchase right.
 

 
F.   LIMITED TRANSFERABILITY OF OPTIONS. During the lifetime of the Optionee, Incentive Options shall be exercisable only by the Optionee and shall not be assignable or transferable other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution following the Optionee's death. Non-Statutory Options shall be subject to the same limitation, except as otherwise determined by the Plan Administrator, including an assignment to the Optionee’s Immediate Family. To the extent that a Non-Statutory Option is assigned, the assigned portion may only be exercised by the person or persons who acquire a proprietary interest in the option pursuant to the assignment. The terms applicable to the assigned portion shall be the same as those in effect for the option immediately prior to such assignment and shall be set forth in such documents issued to the assignee as the Plan Administrator may deem appropriate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Optionee may also designate one or more persons as the beneficiary or beneficiaries of his or her outstanding options under this Article Two, and those options shall, in accordance with such designation, automatically be transferred to such beneficiary or beneficiaries upon the Optionee's death while holding those options. Such beneficiary or beneficiaries shall take the transferred options subject to all the terms and conditions of the applicable agreement evidencing each such transferred option, including (without limitation) the limited time period during which the option may be exercised following the Optionee's death.
 
II.   INCENTIVE OPTIONS
 
The terms specified below shall be applicable to all Incentive Options. Except as modified by the provisions of this Section II, all the provisions of Articles One and Two shall be applicable to Incentive Options. Options which are specifically designated as Non-Statutory Options when issued under the Plan shall not be subject to the terms of this Section II.
 
A.   ELIGIBILITY. Incentive Options may only be granted to Employees.
 
B.   EXERCISE PRICE. The exercise price per share shall not be less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant date.
 
C.   DOLLAR LIMITATION. The aggregate Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock (determined as of the respective date or dates of grant) for which one or more options granted to any Employee under the Plan (or any other option plan of the Corporation or any Parent or Subsidiary) may for the first time become exercisable as Incentive Options during any one calendar year shall not exceed the sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000). To the extent the Employee holds two (2) or more such options which become exercisable for the first time in the same calendar year, the foregoing limitation on the exercisability of such options as Incentive Options shall be applied on the basis of the order in which such options are granted. To the extent that the options exceed this limit, the excess amount shall be considered Non-Statutory Options.
 
D.   FAILURE TO QUALIFY AS INCENTIVE OPTION. To the extent that any option governed by this Plan does not qualify as an Incentive Option, by reason of the dollar limitation described in Section II.C of this Article Two or for any other reason, such option shall be exercisable as a Non-Statutory Option under the Federal tax laws.


 
E.   10% STOCKHOLDER. If any Employee to whom an Incentive Option is granted is a 10% Stockholder, then the exercise price per share shall not be less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant date, and the option term shall not exceed five (5) years measured from the option grant date.
 
III.   STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHT TERMS
 
The Plan Administrator may grant stock appreciation rights either in conjunction with all or part of any option or without regard to any option, in each case upon such terms and conditions as the Plan Administrator may establish in its sole discretion, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan. Each stock appreciation right shall be evidenced by one or more documents in the form approved by the Plan Administrator; provided , however, that each such document shall comply with the terms specified below.
 
A.   RIGHT TO PAYMENT.
 
1.   Each stock appreciation right shall confer on the Participant to whom it is granted a right to receive, upon exercise thereof, the excess of (A) the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock on the date of exercise over (B) the per share strike price of the stock appreciation right.
 
2.   The Plan Administrator shall determine the method of settlement, form of consideration payable in settlement and method by or forms in which shares of Common Stock will be delivered or deemed to be delivered to Participants.
 
3.   The strike price per share shall be fixed by the Plan Administrator but shall not be less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the stock appreciation right grant date.
 
B.   EXERCISE AND TERM OF STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS.   Each stock appreciation right shall be exercisable at such time or times, during such period and for such number of shares as shall be determined by the Plan Administrator and set forth in the documents evidencing the stock appreciation right. However, no stock appreciation right shall have a term in excess of ten (10) years measured from the stock appreciation right grant date.
 
C.   EFFECT OF TERMINATION OF SERVICE.
 
1.   The following provisions shall govern the exercise of any stock appreciation rights held by the Participant at the time of cessation of Service or death:
 
(i)   Any stock appreciation right outstanding at the time of the Participant’s cessation of Service for any reason shall remain exercisable for such period of time thereafter as shall be determined by the Plan Administrator and set forth in the documents evidencing the stock appreciation right, but no such stock appreciation right shall be exercisable after the expiration of the stock appreciation right term.


 
(ii)   Any stock appreciation right held by the Participant at the time of death and exercisable in whole or in part at that time may be subsequently exercised by the personal representative of the Participant’s estate or by the person or persons to whom the stock appreciation right is transferred pursuant to the Participant’s will or the laws of inheritance or by the Participant’s designated beneficiary or beneficiaries of that stock appreciation right.
 
(iii)   Should the Participant’s Service be terminated for Misconduct or should the Participant otherwise engage in Misconduct while holding one or more outstanding stock appreciation rights under this Article Two, then all those stock appreciation rights shall terminate immediately and cease to be outstanding.
 
(iv)   During the applicable post-Service exercise period, the stock appreciation right may not be exercised in the aggregate for more than the number of vested shares for which the stock appreciation right is exercisable on the date of the Participant’s cessation of Service. Upon the expiration of the applicable exercise period or (if earlier) upon the expiration of the stock appreciation right term, the stock appreciation right shall terminate and cease to be outstanding for any vested shares for which the stock appreciation right has not been exercised. However, the stock appreciation right shall, immediately upon the Participant’s cessation of Service, terminate and cease to be outstanding to the extent the stock appreciation right is not otherwise at that time exercisable for vested shares.
 
2.   The Plan Administrator shall have complete discretion, exercisable either at the time an stock appreciation right is granted or at any time while the stock appreciation right remains outstanding, to:
 
(i)   extend the period of time for which the stock appreciation right is to remain exercisable following the Participant’s cessation of Service from the limited exercise period otherwise in effect for that stock appreciation right to such greater period of time as the Plan Administrator shall deem appropriate, but in no event beyond the expiration of the stock appreciation right term, and/or
 
(ii)   permit the stock appreciation right to be exercised, during the applicable post-Service exercise period, not only with respect to the number of vested shares of Common Stock for which such stock appreciation right is exercisable at the time of the Participant’s cessation of Service but also with respect to one or more additional installments in which the Participant would have vested had the Participant continued in Service.
 
D.   STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS. The holder of an stock appreciation right shall have no stockholder rights with respect to the shares subject to the stock appreciation right until such person shall have exercised the stock appreciation right, received shares of common stock in connection with such exercise and become a holder of record of the purchased shares.



E.   LIMITED TRANSFERABILITY OF STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS. During the lifetime of the Participant, stock appreciation rights shall be exercisable only by the Participant and shall not be assignable or transferable other than by will or the laws of inheritance following the Participant’s death, except that the Plan Administrator may structure one or more stock appreciation rights under the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program so that each such stock appreciation right may be assigned in whole or in part during the Participant’s lifetime to one or more members of the Participant’s family or to a trust established exclusively for one or more such family members or to Participant’s former spouse, to the extent such assignment is in connection with the Participant’s estate plan or pursuant to a domestic relations order. The assigned portion may only be exercised by the person or persons who acquire a proprietary interest in the stock appreciation right pursuant to the assignment. The terms applicable to the assigned portion shall be the same as those in effect for the stock appreciation right immediately prior to such assignment and shall be set forth in such documents issued to the assignee as the Plan Administrator may deem appropriate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Participant may also designate one or more persons as the beneficiary or beneficiaries of his or her outstanding stock appreciation rights under this Article Two, and those stock appreciation rights shall, in accordance with such designation, automatically be transferred to such beneficiary or beneficiaries upon the Participant’s death while holding those stock appreciation rights. Such beneficiary or beneficiaries shall take the transferred stock appreciation rights subject to all the terms and conditions of the applicable agreement evidencing each such transferred stock appreciation right, including (without limitation) the limited time period during which the stock appreciation right may be exercised following the Participant’s death.
 
IV.   CHANGE IN CONTROL/HOSTILE TAKE-OVER

A.   Except as otherwise provided in this Section IV, none of the outstanding options or stock appreciation rights under the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program shall vest in whole or in part on an accelerated basis upon the occurrence of a Change in Control, and those options and stock appreciation rights may be assumed, continued or substituted for by any successor corporation in the Change in Control.
 
B.   Except as otherwise provided in this Section IV, none of the outstanding repurchase rights under the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program shall terminate on an accelerated basis upon the occurrence of a Change in Control, and those rights shall be assignable to any successor corporation in the Change in Control.



C.   Unless an option or stock appreciation right is assumed, continued or substituted for by the successor corporation (or parent thereof) or otherwise continued in full force and effect pursuant to the terms of the Change in Control transaction, if a Change in Control occurs while the Optionee remains in Service, the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to each outstanding option or stock appreciation right held by such Optionee but not otherwise vested shall automatically accelerate so that each such option or stock appreciation right shall, immediately prior to the effective date of the Change in Control, vest and become exercisable for all the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to such option or stock appreciation right and may be exercised for any or all of those shares as fully vested shares of Common Stock. The Corporation shall provide each holder of an option or a stock appreciation right that is accelerated in accordance with this paragraph at least five (5) business days notice of the vesting acceleration. Immediately following the consummation of the Change in Control, each option or stock appreciation right shall terminate and cease to be outstanding, except to the extent assumed or substituted for by the successor corporation (or parent thereof) or otherwise continued in full force and effect pursuant to the express terms of the Change in Control transaction.
 
D.   The Plan Administrator shall have the discretionary authority to structure one or more options or stock appreciation rights grants under the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program so that the vesting and exercisability of each option or stock appreciation right shall automatically accelerate in whole or in part, either (i) immediately prior to the effective date of that Change in Control or Hostile Takeover, and become exercisable for all the shares of Common Stock at the time or (ii) upon an event occurring after the Change in Control or Hostile Takeover (including a termination of employment). In addition, the Plan Administrator may structure one or more of the Corporation’s repurchase rights so that those rights shall immediately terminate, in whole or in part, with respect to any shares held by the Participant (and the shares subject to those terminated repurchase rights shall accordingly vest in full ) either (i) immediately prior to the effective date of that Change in Control or Hostile Takeover, or (ii) upon an event occurring after the Change in Control or Hostile Takeover (including a termination of employment).
 
E.   Each option which is assumed or substituted for in connection with a Change in Control or otherwise continued in effect shall be appropriately adjusted, immediately after such Change in Control, to apply to the number and class of securities which would have been issuable to the Optionee in consummation of such Change in Control had the option been exercised immediately prior to such Change in Control. Appropriate adjustments to reflect such Change in Control shall also be made to (i) the exercise price payable per share under each outstanding option, provided the aggregate exercise price payable for such securities shall remain the same, (ii) the maximum number, type and/or class of securities available for issuance over the remaining term of the Plan, (iii) the maximum number, type and/or class of securities by which the share reserve is to increase each calendar year pursuant to the automatic share increase provisions of the Plan and (iv) the maximum number, type and/or class of securities for which any one person may be granted options, separately exercisable stock appreciation rights and direct stock issuances or share right awards under the Plan per calendar year. To the extent the actual holders of the Corporation's outstanding Common Stock receive cash consideration for their Common Stock in consummation of the Change in Control transaction, the successor corporation may, in connection with the assumption of the outstanding options under the Discretionary Option Grant Program, substitute one or more shares of its own common stock (or those of its parent) with a fair market value equivalent to the cash consideration paid per share of Common Stock in such Change in Control transaction.


 
F.   Unless otherwise determined by the Plan Administrator and expressly set forth in the documents evidencing the option, each option outstanding under the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program at the time of a Hostile Take-Over but not otherwise exercisable for all the shares of Common Stock subject to such option at that time shall, immediately prior to the effective date of a Hostile Take-Over, automatically vest and become exercisable for all the shares of Common Stock at that time subject to such options on an accelerated basis and may be exercised for any or all of such shares as fully vested shares of Common Stock. In addition, all of the Corporation's repurchase rights under the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program shall terminate automatically upon the consummation of such Hostile Take-Over, and the shares subject to those terminated rights shall thereupon immediately vest in full, except to the extent such accelerated vesting is precluded by limitations imposed by the Plan Administrator at the time the repurchase right is issued. Each option so accelerated shall remain exercisable for fully vested shares of Common Stock until the expiration or sooner termination of the option term.
 
G.   The portion of any Incentive Option accelerated in connection with a Change in Control or Hostile Take-Over shall remain exercisable as an Incentive Option only to the extent the applicable One Hundred Thousand Dollar ($100,000) limitation is not exceeded. To the extent such dollar limitation is exceeded, the excess accelerated portion of such option shall be exercisable as a Non-Statutory Option under the Federal tax laws.
 
H.   The grant of options under the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program shall in no way affect the right of the Corporation to adjust, reclassify, reorganize or otherwise change its capital or business structure or to merge, consolidate, dissolve, liquidate or sell or transfer all or any part of its business or assets.
 
V.   CANCELLATION AND REGRANT OF OPTIONS
 
The Plan Administrator shall have the authority to effect, at any time and from time to time, with the consent of the affected option holders, the cancellation of any or all outstanding options under the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program (including outstanding options incorporated from the Predecessor Plans) and to grant (i) in substitution new options or stock appreciation rights covering the same or a different number of shares of Common Stock but with an exercise price per share calculated based upon the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the new grant date; (ii) stock issuances (including share right awards); (iii) cash; or (iv) other property.



 
ARTICLE THREE
 
STOCK ISSUANCE PROGRAM
 
I.   STOCK ISSUANCE TERMS
 
Shares of Common Stock may be issued under the Stock Issuance Program through direct and immediate issuances without any intervening option grants. Each such stock issuance shall be evidenced by a Stock Issuance Agreement which complies with the terms specified below. Shares of Common Stock may also be issued under the Stock Issuance Program pursuant to share right awards which entitle the recipients to receive those shares upon the attainment of designated performance goals.
 
A.   PURCHASE PRICE.
 
1.   The purchase price per share shall be fixed by the Plan Administrator, but shall not be less than any legal limit required under state law.
 
2.   Shares of Common Stock may be issued under the Stock Issuance Program for any of the following items of consideration which the Plan Administrator may deem appropriate in each individual instance:
 
(i)   cash or check made payable to the Corporation for one hundred percent of the Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock to be purchased,
 
(ii)   past services rendered to the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary),
 
(iii)   services to be rendered to the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary) during the vesting period, or
 
(iv)   any other form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to the Plan Administrator.
 
B.   VESTING PROVISIONS.
 
1.   Shares of Common Stock issued under the Stock Issuance Program may, in the discretion of the Plan Administrator, be fully and immediately vested upon issuance or may vest in one or more installments over the Participant's period of Service or upon attainment of specified performance objectives. The elements of the vesting schedule applicable to any unvested shares of Common Stock issued under the Stock Issuance Program shall be determined by the Plan Administrator and incorporated into the Stock Issuance Agreement. Shares of Common Stock may also be issued under the Stock Issuance Program pursuant to share right awards which entitle the recipients to receive those shares upon the attainment of designated performance goals or in one or more installments over the Participant's period of Service. Upon the attainment of such performance goals or Service period, fully vested shares of Common Stock shall be issued in satisfaction of those share right awards.


 
2.   Any new, substituted or additional securities or other property (including money paid other than as a regular cash dividend) which the Participant may have the right to receive with respect to the Participant's unvested shares of Common Stock by reason of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization, combination of shares, exchange of shares or other change affecting the outstanding Common Stock as a class without the Corporation's receipt of consideration shall be issued subject to (i) the same vesting requirements applicable to the Participant's unvested shares of Common Stock and (ii) such escrow arrangements as the Plan Administrator shall deem appropriate.
 
3.   The Participant shall have full stockholder rights with respect to any shares of Common Stock issued to the Participant under the Stock Issuance Program, whether or not the Participant's interest in those shares is vested. Accordingly, the Participant shall have the right to vote such shares and to receive any regular cash dividends paid on such shares.
 
4.   Should the Participant cease to remain in Service while holding one or more unvested shares of Common Stock issued under the Stock Issuance Program or should the performance objectives not be attained with respect to one or more such unvested shares of Common Stock, then those shares shall be immediately surrendered to the Corporation for cancellation, and the Participant shall have no further stockholder rights with respect to those shares. To the extent the surrendered shares were previously issued to the Participant for consideration paid in cash or cash equivalent (including the Participant’s purchase-money indebtedness), the Corporation shall repay to the Participant the lower of (i) the cash consideration paid for the surrendered shares or (ii) the Fair Market Value of those shares at the time of cancellation.
 
5.   The Plan Administrator may in its discretion waive the surrender and cancellation of one or more unvested shares of Common Stock which would otherwise occur upon the cessation of the Participant's Service or the non-attainment of the performance objectives applicable to those shares. Such waiver shall result in the immediate vesting of the Participant's interest in the shares of Common Stock as to which the waiver applies. Such waiver may be effected at any time, whether before or after the Participant's cessation of Service or the attainment or non-attainment of the applicable performance objectives.
 
6.   Outstanding share right awards under the Stock Issuance Program shall automatically terminate, and no shares of Common Stock shall actually be issued in satisfaction of those awards, if the performance goals or Service requirements established for such awards are not attained. The Plan Administrator, however, shall have the discretionary authority to issue shares of Common Stock under one or more outstanding share right awards as to which the designated performance goals or Service requirements have not been attained.
 
II.   CHANGE IN CONTROL/HOSTILE TAKE-OVER


 
A.   Except as otherwise provided in this Section II, none of the outstanding repurchase rights under the Stock Issuance Program shall terminate on an accelerated basis upon the occurrence of a Change in Control, and those rights shall be assignable to any successor corporation in the Change in Control. Except as otherwise provided in this Section II, none of the outstanding share right awards under the Stock Issuance Program shall vest in whole or in part on an accelerated basis upon the occurrence of a Change in Control, and those share right awards may be assumed, continued or substituted for by any successor corporation in the Change in Control.
 
B.   To the extent that the outstanding repurchase rights under the Stock Issuance Program are not assigned to any successor corporation in the Change in Control and are not continued by the Corporation, such outstanding repurchase rights under the Stock Issuance Program shall terminate immediately prior to and contingent upon the occurrence of the Change in Control.
 
C.   Unless a share right award is assumed or substituted for by the successor corporation (or parent thereof) or otherwise continued in full force and effect pursuant to the terms of the Change in Control transaction, if a Change in Control occurs while the Participant remains in Service, the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to each a share right award held by such Participant but not otherwise vested shall automatically accelerate so that each such Participant shall, immediately prior to the effective date of the Change in Control, vest for all the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to such share right award and such fully vested shares of Common Stock shall be delivered to the Participant immediately prior to and contingent upon the Change in Control. The Corporation shall provide each holder of a share right award that is accelerated in accordance with this paragraph at least five (5) business days notice of the vesting acceleration. Immediately following the consummation of the Change in Control, each option or stock appreciation right shall terminate and cease to be outstanding, except to the extent assumed or substituted for by the successor corporation (or parent thereof) or otherwise continued in full force and effect pursuant to the express terms of the Change in Control transaction.
 
D.   To the extent a share right award is not assumed, continued or substituted for by the successor corporation (or parent thereof) or otherwise continued in full force and effect pursuant to the terms of the Change in Control transaction, then such share right award shall become fully vested and shares of Common Stock deliverable under the share right award shall be delivered immediately prior to and contingent upon the Change in Control. The Corporation shall provide each holder of a share right award that is accelerated in accordance with this paragraph at least five (5) business days notice of the vesting acceleration.
 
E.   Immediately following the consummation of the Change in Control, all outstanding share right awards under the Stock Issuance Program shall terminate and cease to be outstanding, except to the extent assumed, continued or substituted for by the successor corporation (or parent thereof) or otherwise continued in full force and effect pursuant to the terms of the Change in Control transaction.


 
F.   All of the Corporation's outstanding repurchase rights under the Stock Issuance Program shall terminate automatically, and all the shares of Common Stock subject to those terminated rights shall immediately vest in full, in the event of any Hostile Take-Over, except to the extent such accelerated vesting is precluded by other limitations imposed in the Stock Issuance Agreement. All the shares of Common Stock subject to outstanding share right awards shall immediately vest in full, in the event of any Hostile Take-Over, except to the extent such accelerated vesting is precluded by other limitations imposed in the Share Right Award Agreement.
 

G.   The Plan Administrator may, in its discretion, structure one or more of the Corporation’s repurchase rights so that those rights shall immediately terminate, in whole or in part, with respect to any shares held by the Participant (and the shares subject to those terminated repurchase rights shall accordingly vest in full) either (i) immediately prior to the effective date of that Change in Control or Hostile Takeover, or (ii) upon an event occurring after the Change in Control or Hostile Takeover (including a termination of a Participant’s Service). In addition, the Plan Administrator shall have the discretionary authority to structure one or more share right awards grants under the Stock Issuance Program so that the vesting of each share right shall automatically accelerate in whole or in part, either (i) immediately prior to the effective date of that Change in Control or Hostile Takeover, or (ii) upon an event occurring after the Change in Control or Hostile Takeover (including a termination of employment).
 
H.   Each share right award which is assumed or substituted for in connection with a Change in Control or otherwise continued in effect shall be appropriately adjusted, immediately after such Change in Control, to convert the number and class of securities which would have been issuable to the Participant in consummation of such Change in Control had the shares of Common Stock subject to the share right award been issued immediately prior to such Change in Control to the type and amount of consideration received by the holders of Common Stock in the Change in Control. To the extent the actual holders of the Corporation’s outstanding Common Stock receive cash consideration for their Common Stock in consummation of the Change in Control, the successor corporation may, in connection with the assumption or substitution of the outstanding share right awards under the Stock Issuance Program, substitute one or more shares of its own common stock or that of any parent or publicly traded Subsidiary, with a fair market value equivalent to the cash consideration paid per share of Common Stock in such Change in Control transaction.
 
III.   SHARE ESCROW/LEGENDS
 
Unvested shares may, in the Plan Administrator's discretion, be held in escrow by the Corporation until the Participant's interest in such shares vests or may be issued directly to the Participant with restrictive legends on the certificates evidencing those unvested shares.


 
ARTICLE FOUR
 
AUTOMATIC OPTION GRANT PROGRAM
 
I.   OPTION TERMS
 
A.   GRANT DATES. Option grants shall be made on the dates specified below:
 
1.   Each individual who is first elected or appointed as a non-employee Board member at any time on or after the Plan Effective Date shall automatically be granted, on the date of such initial election or appointment, a Non-Statutory Option to purchase 30,000 shares of Common Stock, provided that individual has not previously been in the employ of the Corporation or any Parent or Subsidiary.
 
2.   On the first business day in each calendar year following the Plan Effective Date and during the term of the Plan, each non-employee Board member then in office, shall automatically be granted a Non-Statutory Option to purchase 30,000 shares of Common Stock, provided such individual has served as a non-employee Board member for at least six (6) months. There shall be no limit on the number of such option grants any one non-employee Board member may receive over his or her period of Service on the Board, and non-employee Board members who have previously been in the employ of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary) or who joined the Board prior to the Plan Effective Date shall be eligible to receive one or more such annual option grants over their period of continued Board Service.
 
B.   EXERCISE PRICE.
 
1.   The exercise price per share shall be equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant date.
 
2.   The exercise price shall be payable in one or more of the alternative forms authorized under the Discretionary Option Grant Program. Except to the extent the sale and remittance procedure specified thereunder is utilized, payment of the exercise price for the purchased shares must be made on the Exercise Date.
 
C.   OPTION TERM. Each option shall have a maximum term of ten (10) years measured from the option grant date.
 
D.   EXERCISE AND VESTING OF OPTIONS.
 
Each option granted pursuant to this Automatic Option Grant Program shall become exercisable in a series of four (4) equal quarterly installments upon the Optionee's completion of each three (3) months of continuous Service as a Board member over the 12-month period measured from the option grant date.


 
E.   LIMITED TRANSFERABILITY OF OPTIONS. Each option under this Article Four may be assigned in whole or in part during the Optionee's lifetime to one or more members of the Optionee's Immediate Family or to a trust established exclusively for the Optionee or one or more Members of the Optionee's Immediate Family or to Optionee's former spouse, to the extent such assignment is in connection with the Optionee's estate plan or pursuant to domestic relations order. The assigned portion may only be exercised by the person or persons who acquire a proprietary interest in the option pursuant to the assignment. The terms applicable to the assigned portion shall be the same as those in effect for the option immediately prior to such assignment and shall be set forth in such documents issued to the assignee as the Plan Administrator may deem appropriate. The Optionee may also designate one or more persons as the beneficiary or beneficiaries of his or her outstanding options under this Article Four, and those options shall, in accordance with such designation, automatically be transferred to such beneficiary or beneficiaries upon the Optionee's death while holding those options. Such beneficiary or beneficiaries shall take the transferred options subject to all the terms and conditions of the applicable agreement evidencing each such transferred option, including (without limitation) the limited time period during which the option may be exercised following the Optionee's death.
 
F.   TERMINATION OF BOARD SERVICE. The following provisions shall govern the exercise of any options held by the Optionee at the time the Optionee ceases to serve as a Board member for any reason:
 
(i)   The Optionee (or, in the event of Optionee's death, the personal representative of the Optionee's estate or the person or persons to whom the option is transferred pursuant to the Optionee's will or the laws of descent and distribution or the designated beneficiary or beneficiaries of such option) shall have a six (6)-month period following the date of such cessation of Board Service in which to exercise each such option.
 
(ii)   During the six (6)-month post-Service exercise period, the option may not be exercised in the aggregate for more than the number of vested shares of Common Stock for which the option is exercisable at the time of the Optionee's cessation of Board Service.
 
(iii)   In no event shall the option remain exercisable after the expiration of the option term. Upon the expiration of the six (6)-month post-Service exercise period or (if earlier) upon the expiration of the option term, the option shall terminate and cease to be outstanding for any shares for which the option has not been exercised. However, the option shall, immediately upon the Optionee's cessation of Board Service for any reason, terminate and cease to be outstanding to the extent the option is not otherwise at that time exercisable.
 
II.   CHANGE IN CONTROL/ HOSTILE TAKE-OVER
 
A.   In the event of any Change in Control while the Optionee remains a Board member, the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to each outstanding option held by such Optionee under the Automatic Option Grant Program but not otherwise vested shall automatically accelerate so that each such option shall, immediately prior to the effective date of the Change in Control, vest and become exercisable for all the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to such option and may be exercised for any or all of those shares as fully vested shares of Common Stock. Immediately following the consummation of the Change in Control, each automatic option grant shall terminate and cease to be outstanding, except to the extent assumed by the successor corporation (or parent thereof) or otherwise continued in full force and effect pursuant to the express terms of the Change in Control transaction.


 
B.   In the event of a Hostile Take-Over while the Optionee remains a Board member, the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to each option outstanding under the Automatic Option Grant Program but not otherwise vested shall automatically accelerate so that each such option shall, immediately prior to the effective date of the Hostile Take-Over, vest and become exercisable for all the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to such option and may be exercised for any or all of those shares as fully vested shares of Common Stock. Each such option shall remain exercisable for such fully-vested option shares until the expiration or sooner termination of the option term or the surrender of the option in connection with that Hostile Take-Over.
 
C.   All outstanding repurchase rights under the Automatic Option Grant Program shall automatically terminate, and the shares of Common Stock subject to those terminated rights shall immediately vest in full, in the event of any Change in Control or Hostile Take-Over.
 
D.   Upon the occurrence of a Hostile Take-Over, the Optionee shall have a thirty (30)-day period in which to surrender to the Corporation each of his or her outstanding automatic option grants. The Optionee shall in return be entitled to a cash payment from the Corporation in an amount equal to the excess of (i) the Take-Over Price of the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to each surrendered option (whether or not the Optionee is otherwise at the time vested in those shares) over (ii) the aggregate exercise price payable for such shares. Such cash payment shall be paid within five (5) days following the surrender of the option to the Corporation. The Plan Administrator shall, at the time the option with such limited stock appreciation right is granted under the Automatic Option Grant Program, pre-approve any subsequent exercise of that right in accordance with the terms of this Paragraph D. Accordingly, no further approval of the Plan Administrator or the Board shall be required at the time of the actual option surrender and cash payment.
 
E.   Each option which is assumed in connection with a Change in Control or otherwise continued in full force and effect shall be appropriately adjusted, immediately after such Change in Control, to apply to the number and class of securities which would have been issuable to the Optionee in consummation of such Change in Control had the option been exercised immediately prior to such Change in Control. Appropriate adjustments shall also be made to the exercise price payable per share under each outstanding option, provided the aggregate exercise price payable for such securities shall remain the same. To the extent the actual holders of the Corporation's outstanding Common Stock receive cash consideration for their Common Stock in consummation of the Change in Control transaction, the successor corporation may, in connection with the assumption of the outstanding options under the Automatic Option Grant Program, substitute one or more shares of its own common stock with a fair market value equivalent to the cash consideration paid per share of Common Stock in such Change in Control transaction.


 
F.   The grant of options under the Automatic Option Grant Program shall in no way affect the right of the Corporation to adjust, reclassify, reorganize or otherwise change its capital or business structure or to merge, consolidate, dissolve, liquidate or sell or transfer all or any part of its business or assets.
 
III.   REMAINING TERMS
 
The remaining terms of each option granted under the Automatic Option Grant Program shall be the same as the terms in effect for option grants made under the Discretionary Option Grant Program.
 
ARTICLE FIVE
 
MISCELLANEOUS
 
I.   NO FRACTIONAL SHARES
 
No fractional shares of Common Stock shall be issued or delivered pursuant to the Plan, and the Plan Administrator shall determine whether cash shall be paid in lieu of any fractional shares or whether such fractional shares or any rights thereto shall be canceled, terminated or otherwise eliminated.
 
II.
TAX WITHHOLDING
 
A.   The Corporation’s obligation to deliver shares of Common Stock upon a stock issuance, or the exercise of options or stock appreciation rights or the issuance or vesting of such shares under the Plan shall be subject to the satisfaction of all applicable income and employment tax withholding requirements. The Corporation shall also make appropriate arrangements to satisfy all applicable foreign tax withholding requirements which may be imposed in connection with the grant or exercise of options or stock appreciation rights under the Plan or the issuance or vesting of shares of Common Stock under the Plan.
 
B.   The Plan Administrator may, in its discretion, provide in the respective award agreement that (i) the Corporation, in its discretion, may determine that shares of Common Stock from the award be withheld by the Corporation in satisfaction of all or part of the Withholding Taxes which may become payable in connection with the an award granted under the Plan (pursuant to Article Five Section II.B.1.) and (ii) any or all Optionees or Participants under the Plan (other than the non-employee Board members) with the right to use shares of Common Stock in satisfaction of all or part of the Withholding Taxes to which such individuals may become subject in connection with the grant or exercise of their options or stock appreciation rights or the issuance or vesting of their shares. Such right to an individual may be provided to any such holder in either or both of the following formats:
 

 
1.   Stock Withholding : The election to have the Corporation withhold, from the shares of Common Stock otherwise issuable upon the exercise of options or stock appreciation rights or the issuance or the vesting of such shares, a portion of those shares with an aggregate Fair Market Value equal to the percentage of the Withholding Taxes (not to exceed one hundred percent (100%) of the minimum Withholding Taxes required be law) designated by the holder.
 
2.     Stock Delivery : The election to deliver to the Corporation, at the time the option or stock appreciation right is granted or exercised or the shares are issued or vest, one or more shares of Common Stock previously acquired by such holder (other than in connection with the option or stock appreciation right exercise or share vesting triggering the Withholding Taxes) with an aggregate Fair Market Value equal to the percentage of the Withholding Taxes (not to exceed one hundred percent (100%) of the minimum Withholding Taxes required be law) designated by the holder.
 
III.   EFFECTIVE DATE AND TERM OF THE PLAN
 
A.   The Plan shall become effective immediately upon the Plan Effective Date. Options may be granted under the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program at any time on or after the Plan Effective Date, and the initial option grants under the Automatic Option Grant Program shall be made on the Plan Effective Date to any non-employee Board members eligible for such grants at that time. However, no options granted under the Plan may be exercised, and no shares shall be issued under the Plan, until the Plan is approved by the Corporation's stockholders. If such stockholder approval is not obtained within twelve (12) months after the Plan Effective Date, then all options previously granted under this Plan shall terminate and cease to be outstanding, and no further options shall be granted and no shares shall be issued under the Plan.
 
B.   The Plan shall terminate upon the earliest of (i) the tenth anniversary of the Plan Effective Date, (ii) the tenth anniversary of the approval of the Plan by the Corporation's stockholders, (iii) the date on which all shares available for issuance under the Plan shall have been issued as fully-vested shares or (iv) the termination of all outstanding awards in connection with a Change in Control. Upon such Plan termination, all option grants and unvested stock issuances outstanding at that time shall thereafter continue to have force and effect in accordance with the provisions of the documents evidencing such grants or issuances.
 
IV.   AMENDMENT OF THE PLAN
 
A.   The Board shall have complete and exclusive power and authority to amend or modify the Plan or any outstanding award granted under the Plan in any or all respects. However, no such amendment or modification shall adversely affect the rights and obligations with respect to stock options, stock appreciation rights or unvested stock issuances at the time outstanding, including share right awards, under the Plan unless the Optionee or the Participant consents to such amendment or modification. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any amendment to either increase the number of shares that may be issued under the Plan or the Persons eligible to receive awards under the Plan shall require stockholder approval. In addition, certain amendments may require stockholder approval pursuant to applicable laws or regulations.
 
B.   Options to purchase shares of Common Stock may be granted under the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program and shares of Common Stock may be issued under the Stock Issuance Program that are in each instance in excess of the number of shares then available for issuance under the Plan, provided any excess shares actually issued under those programs shall be held in escrow until there is obtained stockholder approval of an amendment sufficiently increasing the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Plan. If such stockholder approval is not obtained within twelve (12) months after the date the first such excess issuances are made, then (i) any unexercised options granted on the basis of such excess shares shall terminate and cease to be outstanding and (ii) the Corporation shall promptly refund to the Optionees and the Participants the exercise or purchase price paid for any excess shares issued under the Plan and held in escrow, together with interest (at the short term applicable federal rate) for the period the shares were held in escrow, and such shares shall thereupon be automatically cancelled and cease to be outstanding.


 
V.   USE OF PROCEEDS
 
Any cash proceeds received by the Corporation from the sale of shares of Common Stock under the Plan shall be used for general corporate purposes.
 
VI.   REGULATORY APPROVALS
 
A.   The implementation of the Plan, the granting of any stock option under the Plan and the issuance of any shares of Common Stock (i) upon the exercise of any granted option or (ii) under the Stock Issuance Program shall be subject to the Corporation's procurement of all approvals and permits required by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction over the Plan, the stock options granted under it and the shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to it.
 
B.   No shares of Common Stock or other assets shall be issued or delivered under the Plan unless and until there shall have been compliance with all applicable requirements of Federal and state securities laws, including the filing and effectiveness of the Form S-8 registration statement for the shares of Common Stock issuable under the Plan, and all applicable listing requirements of any stock exchange (or the Nasdaq National Market, if applicable) on which Common Stock is then listed for trading.
 
VII.   NO EMPLOYMENT/SERVICE RIGHTS
 
Nothing in the Plan shall confer upon any Optionee or Participant any right to continue in Service for any period of specific duration or interfere with or otherwise restrict in any way the rights of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary employing or retaining such person) or of any Optionee or Participant, which rights are hereby expressly reserved by each, to terminate such person's Service at any time for any reason, with or without cause.
 
VIII.   SECTION 162(M)
 
A.   STOCK OPTIONS AND STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS.
 
It is the intent of the Corporation that any options or stock appreciation rights granted under the Plan to a "covered employee" (as that term is defined in Section 162(m) of the Code) with an exercise price of not less than the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the date of grant shall qualify as "qualified performance-based compensation" (within the meaning of Treas. Reg. § 1.162-27(e)) to the extent that options or stock appreciation rights granted under the Plan may qualify as "qualified performance-based compensation" and the Plan shall be interpreted consistently with such intent. In furtherance of the foregoing, if and to the extent that the Corporation intends that an option or a stock appreciation right granted under the Plan to any covered employee shall qualify as qualified performance-based compensation, all decisions regarding the grant of such option or stock appreciation right shall be made only by members of the Committee who qualify as "outside directors" within the meaning of Treas. Reg. § 1.162-27(e)(3).


 
B.   PERFORMANCE AWARDS.
 
The Plan Administrator shall also have the discretionary authority, consistent with Code Section 162(m), to structure (i) cash bonuses, (ii) stock options, (iii) stock appreciation rights and (iv) stock issuances, including share right awards, so that (x) the cash bonuses are only payable, (y) the shares of Common Stock received upon exercise of the stock option or stock appreciation right and (z) the shares of Common Stock subject to such stock issuances shall only vest or be issuable upon the achievement of certain pre-established objective corporate performance goals based on one or more of the following criteria: (1) earnings per share; (2) revenues or margins; (3) cash flow; (4) operating margin; (5) return on net assets, investment, capital, or equity; (6) direct contribution; (7) net income; pretax earnings; (8) earnings before interest and taxes; earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization; earnings after interest expense and before extraordinary or special items; operating income; income before interest income or expense, unusual items and income taxes, local, state or federal and excluding budgeted and actual bonuses which might be paid under any ongoing bonus plans of the Company; (9) working capital; (10) management of fixed costs or variable costs; (11) identification or consummation of investment opportunities or completion of specified projects in accordance with corporate business plans, including strategic mergers, acquisitions or divestitures; (12) total shareholder return; and (13) debt reduction. In addition, such performance goals may be based upon the attainment of specified levels of the Corporation’s performance under one or more of the measures described above relative to the performance of other entities and may also be based on the performance of any of the Corporation’s business units or divisions or any Parent or Subsidiary. Performance goals may include a minimum threshold level of performance below which no award will be earned, levels of performance at which specified portions of an award will be earned and a maximum level of performance at which an award will be fully earned. In furtherance of the foregoing, if and to the extent that the Corporation intends that an award granted under the Plan pursuant to this paragraph to any covered employee shall qualify as qualified performance-based compensation, all decisions regarding the grant of such award shall be made only by members of the Committee who qualify as "outside directors" within the meaning of Treas. Reg. § 1.162-27(e)(3).


 
APPENDIX
 
The following definitions shall be in effect under the Plan:
 
A.   ASSUMED OPTIONS shall mean the stock options assumed by the Corporation from Acacia Research that were exercisable for Acacia Research - CombiMatrix stock and which include, but are not limited to, the options outstanding as of the date of the Transaction that were granted under the Acacia Research Corporation 2002 CombiMatrix Stock Incentive Plan, the CombiMatrix Corporation 1998 Stock Option Plan, the CombiMatrix Corporation 2000 Stock Awards Plan and the Acacia Research Corporation 1996 Stock Option Plan.
 
B.   AUTOMATIC OPTION GRANT PROGRAM shall mean the automatic option grant program in effect under Article Four of the Plan.
 
C.   BOARD shall mean the Corporation's Board of Directors.
 
D.   CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION shall mean the Certificate of Incorporation of CombiMatrix Corporation filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on the Plan Effective Date and all subsequent amendments, supplements, modifications and replacements thereof.
 
E.   CHANGE IN CONTROL shall mean a change in ownership or control of the Corporation effected through any of the following transactions:
 
(i)   a stockholder-approved merger or consolidation in which securities possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Corporation's outstanding securities are transferred to a person or persons different from the persons holding those securities immediately prior to such transaction, or
 
(ii)   a sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Corporation's assets to an entity which is not a Subsidiary of the Corporation, or
 
(iii)   the acquisition, directly or indirectly by any person or related group of persons (other than the Corporation or a person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the Corporation), of beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the 1934 Act) of securities possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Corporation's outstanding securities pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made directly to the Corporation's stockholders.
 
F.   CODE shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
 
G.   COMMITTEE shall mean the committee of two (2) or more non-employee Board members appointed by the Board to administer the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program with respect to Section 16 Insiders.
 
H.   COMMON STOCK shall mean the Corporation's Common Stock (as defined in the Certificate of Incorporation).


 
I.   CORPORATION shall mean CombiMatrix Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and any corporate successor to all or substantially all of the assets or voting stock of CombiMatrix Corporation, which shall by appropriate action adopt the Plan.
 
J.   DISCRETIONARY OPTION/STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHT GRANT PROGRAM shall mean the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program in effect under Article Two of the Plan.
 
K.   EMPLOYEE shall mean an individual who is in the employ of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary), subject to the control and direction of the employer entity as to both the work to be performed and the manner and method of performance.
 
L.   EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMMITTEE   shall mean the committee comprised of two (2) or more executive officers of the Corporation appointed by the Board to administer the Discretionary Option/Stock Appreciation Right Grant Program and Stock Issuance Program with respect to persons other than Section 16 Insiders, but subject to the applicable limitations and requirements of the Delaware Corporate Law.
 
M.   EXERCISE DATE shall mean the date on which the Corporation shall have received written notice of the option exercise.
 
N.   FAIR MARKET VALUE per share of Common Stock on any relevant date shall be determined in accordance with the following provisions:
 
(i)   If the Common Stock is at the time traded on the Nasdaq National Market, then the Fair Market Value shall be the closing selling price per share of Common Stock on the date in question, as such price is reported on the Nasdaq National Market. If there is no closing selling price for the Common Stock on the date in question, then the Fair Market Value shall be the closing selling price on the last preceding date for which such quotation exists.
 
(ii)   If the Common Stock is at the time listed on any Stock Exchange, then the Fair Market Value shall be the closing selling price per share of Common Stock on the date in question on the Stock Exchange determined by the Plan Administrator to be the primary market for the Common Stock, as such price is officially quoted in the composite tape of transactions on such exchange. If there is no closing selling price for the Common Stock on the date in question, then the Fair Market Value shall be the closing selling price on the last preceding date for which such quotation exists.
 
(iii)   If the Common Stock is at the time not traded on the Nasdaq National Market or listed on any Stock Exchange, but is regularly traded in any over-the-counter market, then the Fair Market Value shall be the average of the bid and asked prices per share of Common Stock in such over-the-counter market on the date in question. If there are no bid and asked prices on the date in question, then the Fair Market Value shall be the average of the bid and asked prices in such over-the-counter market on the last preceding date for which such prices exist.


 
(iv)   If the Common Stock is at the time not traded as described in (i), (ii) or (iii) above, then the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock shall be determined by the Plan Administrator, after taking into account such factors as it deems appropriate.
 
O.   HOSTILE TAKE-OVER shall mean either of the following events effecting a change in control or ownership of the Corporation:
 
(i)   the acquisition, directly or indirectly, by any person or related group of persons (other than the Corporation or a person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the Corporation) of beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the 1934 Act) of securities possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Corporation's outstanding securities pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made directly to the Corporation's stockholders which the Board does not recommend such stockholders to accept, or
 
(ii)   a change in the composition of the Board over a period of thirty-six (36) consecutive months or less such that a majority of the Board members ceases, by reason of one or more contested elections for Board membership, to be comprised of individuals who either (A) have been Board members continuously since the beginning of such period or (B) have been elected or nominated for election as Board members during such period by at least a majority of the Board members described in clause (A) who were still in office at the time the Board approved such election or nomination.
 
P.   IMMEDIATE FAMILY shall mean any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law and shall include adoptive relationships.
 
Q.   INCENTIVE OPTION shall mean an option which satisfies the requirements of Code Section 422.
 
R.   MISCONDUCT shall, with respect to any Participant, have the meaning specified in the Participant’s award agreement. In the absence of any definition in the award agreement, “Misconduct” shall have the equivalent meaning or the same meaning as “misconduct” or “cause” set forth in any employment, consulting or other agreement for the performance of services between the Participant and the Corporation or, in the absence of any such agreement or any such definition in such agreement, such term shall mean the commission of any act of fraud, embezzlement or dishonesty by the Optionee or Participant, any unauthorized use or disclosure by such person of confidential information or trade secrets of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary), or any other intentional misconduct by such person adversely affecting the business or affairs of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary)in a material manner. The foregoing definition shall not be deemed to be inclusive of all the acts or omissions which the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary) may consider as grounds for the dismissal or discharge of any Optionee, Participant or other person in the Service of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary).
 
S.   1934 ACT shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.


 
T.   NON-STATUTORY OPTION shall mean an option not intended to satisfy the requirements of Code Section 422.
 
U.   OPTIONEE shall mean any person to whom an option is granted under the Discretionary Option Grant Program, the Automatic Option Grant Program.
 
V.   PARENT shall mean any corporation (other than the Corporation) in an unbroken chain of corporations ending with the Corporation, provided each corporation in the unbroken chain (other than the Corporation) owns, at the time of the determination, stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain.
 
W.   PARTICIPANT shall mean any person who is issued shares of Common Stock under the Stock Issuance Program.
 
X.   PERMANENT DISABILITY OR PERMANENTLY DISABLED shall mean the inability of the Optionee or the Participant to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or to be of continuous duration of twelve (12) months or more. However, solely for purposes of the Automatic Option Grant Program, Permanent Disability or Permanently Disabled shall mean the inability of the non-employee Board member to perform his or her usual duties as a Board member by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment expected to result in death or to be of continuous duration of twelve (12) months or more.
 
Y.   PLAN shall mean the Corporation's 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, as set forth in this document.
 
Z.   PLAN ADMINISTRATOR shall mean the particular body, whether the Committee or the Board, which is authorized to administer the Discretionary Option Grant and Stock Issuance Programs with respect to one or more classes of eligible persons, to the extent such entity is carrying out its administrative functions under those programs with respect to the persons under its jurisdiction.
 
AA.   PLAN EFFECTIVE DATE shall mean the date on which the Plan is approved by the stockholders of the Corporation.
 
BB.   SECTION 16 INSIDER shall mean an officer or director of the Corporation subject to the short-swing profit liabilities of Section 16 of the 1934 Act.
 
CC.   SERVICE shall mean the performance of services for the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary) by a person in the capacity of an Employee, a non-employee member of the board of directors or a consultant or independent advisor, except to the extent otherwise specifically provided in the documents evidencing the option grant or stock issuance.
 
DD.   STOCK EXCHANGE shall mean either the, Nasdaq National Market, the American Stock Exchange or the New York Stock Exchange.


 
EE.   STOCK ISSUANCE AGREEMENT shall mean the agreement entered into by the Corporation and the Participant at the time of issuance of shares of Common Stock under the Stock Issuance Program.
 
FF.   STOCK ISSUANCE PROGRAM shall mean the stock issuance program in effect under Article Three of the Plan.
 
GG.   SUBSIDIARY shall mean any corporation (other than the Corporation) in an unbroken chain of corporations beginning with the Corporation, provided each corporation (other than the last corporation) in the unbroken chain owns, at the time of the determination, stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain.
 
HH.   TAKE-OVER PRICE shall mean the greater of (i) the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the date the option is surrendered to the Corporation in connection with a Hostile Take-Over or, if applicable, (ii) the highest reported price per share of Common Stock paid by the tender offeror in effecting the Hostile Take-Over through the acquisition of such Common Stock. However, if the surrendered option is an Incentive Option, the Take-Over Price shall not exceed the price per share described in clause (i) above.
 
II.   10% STOCKHOLDER shall mean the owner of stock (as determined under Code Section 424(d)) possessing more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary).
 
JJ.   WITHHOLDING TAXES shall mean the minimum Federal, state and local income and employment withholding taxes to which the holder of options or unvested shares of Common Stock may become subject in connection with the exercise of those options or the vesting of those shares.
 
 


Exhibit 10.4
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
 
R E C I T A L S :
 
 
A.   The Board has adopted the Plan for the purpose of retaining the services of selected Employees, non-employee members of the Board or of the board of directors of any Parent or Subsidiary and consultants and other independent advisors who provide services to the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary).
 
B.   Optionee is to render valuable services to the Corporation (or a Parent or Subsidiary), and this Agreement is executed pursuant to, and is intended to carry out the purposes of, the Plan in connection with the Corporation's grant of an option to Optionee.
 
C.   All capitalized terms in this Agreement shall have the meaning assigned to them in the attached Appendix.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, it is hereby agreed as follows:
 
1.   GRANT OF OPTION. The Corporation hereby grants to Optionee, as of the Grant Date, an option to purchase up to the number of Option Shares specified in the Grant Notice. The Option Shares shall be purchasable from time to time during the option term specified in Paragraph 2 hereof at the Exercise Price.
 
2.   OPTION TERM. This option shall have a maximum term of ten (10) years [change term to 5 years if this option is an ISO and Optionee owns (actually or constructively) more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Corporation or any parent or subsidiary of the Corporation] measured from the Grant Date and shall accordingly expire at the close of business on the Expiration Date, unless sooner terminated in accordance with Paragraph 5 or 6 hereof.
 
3.   LIMITED TRANSFERABILITY. This option shall be neither transferable nor assignable by Optionee other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution following Optionee's death and may be exercised, during Optionee's lifetime, only by Optionee. However, if this option is designated a Non-Statutory Option in the Grant Notice, then this option may be assigned in whole or in part during Optionee's lifetime to one or more members of the Optionee's Immediate Family or to a trust established for the exclusive benefit of Optionee or one or more members of the Optionee's Immediate Family or to the Optionee's former spouse, to the extent such assignment is in connection with Optionee's estate plan or pursuant to a domestic relations order. The assigned portion shall be exercisable only by the person or persons who acquire a proprietary interest in the option pursuant to such assignment. The terms applicable to the assigned portion shall be the same as those in effect for this option immediately prior to such assignment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Optionee may also designate one or more persons as the beneficiary or beneficiaries of this option and this option shall, in accordance with such designation, automatically be transferred to such beneficiary or beneficiaries upon the Optionee's death while holding this option. Such beneficiary or beneficiaries shall take the transferred option subject to all the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including (without limitation) the limited time period during which the option may be exercised following the Optionee's death.
 
 
 

 
 
4.   DATES OF EXERCISE. This option shall become exercisable for the Option Shares in one or more installments as specified in the Grant Notice. As the option becomes exercisable for such installments, those installments shall accumulate, and the option shall remain exercisable for the accumulated installments until the Expiration Date or sooner termination of the option term under Paragraph 5 or 6 hereof.
 
5.   CESSATION OF SERVICE. The option term specified in Paragraph 2 hereof shall terminate (and this option shall cease to be outstanding) prior to the Expiration Date should any of the following provisions become applicable:
 
(a)   Should Optionee cease to remain in Service for any reason (other than death, Permanent Disability or Misconduct) while this option is outstanding, then Optionee shall have a period of three (3) months (commencing with the date of such cessation of Service) during which to exercise this option, but in no event shall this option be exercisable at any time after the Expiration Date.
 
(b)   Should Optionee die while this option is outstanding, then the personal representative of Optionee's estate or the person or persons to whom the option is transferred pursuant to Optionee's will or in accordance with the laws of descent and distribution or any person or trust to whom all or a portion of this option is transferred in accordance with Paragraph 3 hereof or the designated beneficiary or beneficiaries of this option shall have the right to exercise this option. Such right shall lapse, and this option shall cease to be outstanding, upon the earlier of (i) the expiration of the twelve (12)-month period measured from the date of Optionee's death or (ii) the Expiration Date.
 
(c)   Should Optionee cease Service by reason of Permanent Disability while this option is outstanding, then Optionee shall have a period of twelve (12) months (commencing with the date of such cessation of Service) during which to exercise this option. In no event shall this option be exercisable at any time after the Expiration Date.
 
(d)   During the limited period of post-Service exercisability, this option may not be exercised in the aggregate for more than the number of vested Option Shares for which the option is exercisable at the time of Optionee's cessation of Service. Upon the expiration of such limited exercise period or (if earlier) upon the Expiration Date, this option shall terminate and cease to be outstanding for any vested Option Shares for which the option has not been exercised. However, this option shall, immediately upon Optionee's cessation of Service for any reason, terminate and cease to be outstanding with respect to any Option Shares for which this option is not otherwise at that time exercisable.
 
 
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(e)   Should Optionee's Service be terminated for Misconduct, then this option shall terminate immediately and cease to remain outstanding.
 
6.   SPECIAL ACCELERATION OF OPTION. This option may vest on an accelerated basis in connection with a Change in Control or a Hostile Takeover pursuant to the terms of the Plan.
 
7.   ADJUSTMENT IN OPTION SHARES. Should any change be made to the Common Stock by reason of any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, combination of shares, exchange of shares or other change affecting the outstanding Common Stock as a class without the Corporation's receipt of consideration, appropriate adjustments shall be made to (i) the total number and/or class of securities subject to this option and (ii) the Exercise Price in order to reflect such change and thereby preclude a dilution or enlargement of benefits hereunder.
 
8.   STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS. The holder of this option shall not have any stockholder rights with respect to the Option Shares until such person shall have exercised the option, paid the Exercise Price and become a holder of record of the purchased shares.
 
9.   MANNER OF EXERCISING OPTION.
 
(a)   In order to exercise this option with respect to all or any part of the Option Shares for which this option is at the time exercisable, Optionee (or any other person or persons exercising the option) must take the following actions:
 
(i)   Execute and deliver to the Corporation a Notice of Exercise for the Option Shares for which the option is exercised.
 
(ii)   Pay the aggregate Exercise Price for the purchased shares in one or more of the following forms:
 
(A)   cash or check made payable to the Corporation;
 
(B)   shares of Common Stock held by Optionee (or any other person or persons exercising the option) for the requisite period necessary to avoid a charge to the Corporation's earnings for financial reporting purposes and valued at Fair Market Value on the Exercise Date; or
 
(C)   to the extent the option is exercised for vested Option Shares, through a special sale and remittance procedure pursuant to which Optionee (or any other person or persons exercising the option) shall concurrently provide irrevocable instructions (I) to a Corporation-designated brokerage firm to effect the immediate sale of the purchased shares and remit to the Corporation, out of the sale proceeds available on the settlement date, sufficient funds to cover the aggregate Exercise Price payable for the purchased shares plus all applicable Federal, state and local income and employment taxes required to be withheld by the Corporation by reason of such exercise and (II) to the Corporation to deliver the certificates for the purchased shares directly to such brokerage firm in order to complete the sale.
 
 
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Except to the extent the sale and remittance procedure is utilized in connection with the option exercise, payment of the Exercise Price must accompany the Notice of Exercise delivered to the Corporation in connection with the option exercise.
 
(iii)   Furnish to the Corporation appropriate documentation that the person or persons exercising the option (if other than Optionee) have the right to exercise this option.
 
(iv)   Make appropriate arrangements with the Corporation (or Parent or Subsidiary employing or retaining Optionee) for the satisfaction of all Federal, state and local income and employment tax withholding requirements applicable to the option exercise.
 
(b)   As soon as practical after the Exercise Date, the Corporation shall issue to or on behalf of Optionee (or any other person or persons exercising this option) a certificate for the purchased Option Shares, with the appropriate legends affixed thereto. To the extent any such Option Shares are unvested, the certificates for those Option Shares shall be endorsed with an appropriate legend evidencing the Corporation's repurchase rights and may be held in escrow with the Corporation until such shares vest.
 
(c)   In no event may this option be exercised for any fractional shares.
 
10.   NO IMPAIRMENT OF RIGHTS. This Agreement shall not in any way affect the right of the Corporation to adjust, reclassify, reorganize or otherwise make changes in its capital or business structure or to merge, consolidate, dissolve, liquidate or sell or transfer all or any part of its business or assets. In addition, this Agreement shall not in any way be construed or interpreted so as to affect adversely or otherwise impair the rights of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary employing or retaining Optionee) or of Optionee, which rights are hereby expressly reserved by each, to terminate Optionee's Service at any time for any reason, with or without cause.
 
11.   COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND REGULATIONS.
 
(a)   The exercise of this option and the issuance of the Option Shares upon such exercise shall be subject to compliance by the Corporation and Optionee with all applicable requirements of law relating thereto and with all applicable regulations of any Stock Exchange (or the Nasdaq National Market, if applicable) on which the Common Stock may be listed for trading at the time of such exercise and issuance.
 
(b)   The inability of the Corporation to obtain approval from any regulatory body having authority deemed by the Corporation to be necessary to the lawful issuance and sale of any Common Stock pursuant to this option shall relieve the Corporation of any liability with respect to the non-issuance or sale of the Common Stock as to which such approval shall not have been obtained. The Corporation, however, shall use its best efforts to obtain all such approvals.
 
 
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12.   SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. Except to the extent otherwise provided in Paragraphs 3 and 6 hereof, the provisions of this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, the Corporation and its successors and assigns and Optionee, Optionee's assigns and the legal representatives, heirs and legatees of Optionee's estate.
 
13.   NOTICES. Any notice required to be given or delivered to the Corporation under the terms of this Agreement shall be in writing and addressed to the Corporation at its principal corporate offices. Any notice required to be given or delivered to Optionee shall be in writing and addressed to Optionee at the address indicated below Optionee's signature line on the Grant Notice. All notices shall be deemed effective upon personal delivery or upon deposit in the U.S. mail, postage prepaid and properly addressed to the party to be notified.
 
14.   CONSTRUCTION. This Agreement and the option evidenced hereby are made and granted pursuant to the Plan and are in all respects limited by and subject to the terms of the Plan. All decisions of the Plan Administrator with respect to any question or issue arising under the Plan or this Agreement shall be conclusive and binding on all persons having an interest in this option.
 
15.   GOVERNING LAW. The interpretation, performance and enforcement of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware without resort to that State's conflict-of-laws rules.
 
16.   EXCESS SHARES. If the Option Shares covered by this Agreement exceed, as of the Grant Date, the number of shares of Common Stock which may without stockholder approval be issued under the Plan, then this option shall be void with respect to those excess shares, unless stockholder approval of an amendment sufficiently increasing the number of shares of Common Stock issuable under the Plan is obtained in accordance with the provisions of the Plan.
 
17.   ADDITIONAL TERMS APPLICABLE TO AN INCENTIVE OPTION. In the event this option is designated an Incentive Option in the Grant Notice, the option is intended to be an incentive stock option as described in Code Section 422, but the Corporation does not represent or warrant that the option qualifies as such. The Optionee should consult with the Optionee's own tax advisors regarding the tax effects of this option and the requirements necessary to obtain favorable income tax treatment under Code Section 422, including, but not limited to, holding period requirements with respect to the Option Shares after exercise of this option. In addition, the following terms and conditions shall also apply to the grant:
 
(a)   This option shall cease to qualify for favorable tax treatment as an Incentive Option if (and to the extent) this option is exercised for one or more Option Shares: (A) more than three (3) months after the date Optionee ceases to be an Employee for any reason other than death or Permanent Disability or (B) more than twelve (12) months after the date Optionee ceases to be an Employee by reason of Permanent Disability.
 
 
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(b)   No installment under this option shall qualify for favorable tax treatment as an Incentive Option if (and to the extent) the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined at the Grant Date) of the Common Stock for which such installment first becomes exercisable hereunder would, when added to the aggregate value (determined as of the respective date or dates of grant) of the Common Stock or other securities for which this option or any other Incentive Options granted to Optionee prior to the Grant Date (whether under the Plan or any other option plan of the Corporation or any Parent or Subsidiary) first become exercisable during the same calendar year, exceed One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) in the aggregate. Should such One Hundred Thousand Dollar ($100,000) limitation be exceeded in any calendar year, this option shall nevertheless become exercisable for the excess shares in such calendar year as a Non-Statutory Option.
 
(c)   Should the exercisability of this option be accelerated upon a Change in Control, then this option shall qualify for favorable tax treatment as an Incentive Option only to the extent the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined at the Grant Date) of the Common Stock for which this option first becomes exercisable in the calendar year in which the Change in Control occurs does not, when added to the aggregate value (determined as of the respective date or dates of grant) of the Common Stock or other securities for which this option or one or more other Incentive Options granted to Optionee prior to the Grant Date (whether under the Plan or any other option plan of the Corporation or any Parent or Subsidiary) first become exercisable during the same calendar year, exceed One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) in the aggregate. Should the applicable One Hundred Thousand Dollar ($100,000) limitation be exceeded in the calendar year of such Change in Control, the option may nevertheless be exercised for the excess shares in such calendar year as a Non-Statutory Option.
 
(d)   Should Optionee hold, in addition to this option, one or more other options to purchase Common Stock which become exercisable for the first time in the same calendar year as this option, then the foregoing limitations on the exercisability of such options as Incentive Options shall be applied on the basis of the order in which such options are granted.
 

 
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APPENDIX
 
 
The following definitions shall be in effect under the Agreement:
 
A.   AGREEMENT shall mean this Stock Option Agreement.
 
B.   BOARD shall mean the Corporation's Board of Directors.
 
C.   CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION shall mean the Certificate of Incorporation of CombiMatrix Corporation as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State and all subsequent amendments, supplements, modifications and replacements thereof.
 
D.   CHANGE IN CONTROL shall mean a change in ownership or control of the Corporation effected through any of the following transactions:
 
(i)   a stockholder-approved merger or consolidation in which securities possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Corporation's outstanding securities are transferred to a person or persons different from the persons holding those securities immediately prior to such transaction, or
 
(ii)   a sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Corporation's assets to an entity which is not a Subsidiary of the Corporation, or
 
(iii)   the acquisition, directly or indirectly by any person or related group of persons (other than the Corporation or a person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the Corporation), of beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the 1934 Act) of securities possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Corporation's outstanding securities pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made directly to the Corporation's stockholders.
 
E.   CODE shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
 
F.   COMMON STOCK shall mean shares of the Corporation's Common Stock (as defined in the Certificate of Incorporation).
 
G.   CORPORATION shall mean CombiMatrix Corporation, a Delaware corporation and any corporate successor to all or substantially all of the assets or the voting stock of CombiMatrix Corporation that has by appropriate action assumed this option.
 
H.   EMPLOYEE shall mean an individual who is in the employ of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary), subject to the control and direction of the employer entity as to both the work to be performed and the manner and method of performance.
 
I.   EXERCISE DATE shall mean the date on which the option shall have been exercised in accordance with Paragraph 9 hereof.
 
 
APPENDIX
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J.   EXERCISE PRICE shall mean the exercise price per Option Share as specified in the Grant Notice.
 
K.   EXPIRATION DATE shall mean the date on which the option expires as specified in the Grant Notice.
 
L.   FAIR MARKET VALUE per share of Common Stock on any relevant date shall be determined in accordance with the following provisions:
 
(i)   If the Common Stock is at the time traded on the Nasdaq National Market, then the Fair Market Value shall be the closing selling price per share of Common Stock on the date in question, as the price is reported on the Nasdaq National Market. If there is no closing selling price for the Common Stock on the date in question, then the Fair Market Value shall be the closing selling price on the last preceding date for which such quotation exists.
 
(ii)   If the Common Stock is at the time listed on any Stock Exchange, then the Fair Market Value shall be the closing selling price per share of Common Stock on the date in question on the Stock Exchange determined by the Plan Administrator to be the primary market for the Common Stock, as such price is officially quoted in the composite tape of transactions on such exchange. If there is no closing selling price for the Common Stock on the date in question, then the Fair Market Value shall be the closing selling price on the last preceding date for which such quotation exists.
 
(iii) If the Common Stock is at the time not traded on the Nasdaq National Market or listed on any Stock Exchange, but is regularly traded in any over-the-counter market, then the Fair Market Value shall be the average of the bid and asked prices per share of Common Stock in such over-the-counter market on the date in question. If there are no bid and asked prices on the date in question, then the Fair Market Value shall be the average of the bid and asked prices in such over-the-counter market on the last preceding date for which such prices exist.
 
(iv)   If the Common Stock is at the time not traded as described in (i), (ii) or (iii) above, then the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock shall be determined by the Plan Administrator, after taking into account such factors as it deems appropriate.
 
M.   GRANT DATE shall mean the date of grant of the option as specified in the Grant Notice.
 
N.   GRANT NOTICE shall mean the Notice of Grant of Stock Option accompanying the Agreement, pursuant to which Optionee has been informed of the basic terms of the option evidenced hereby.
 
O.   HOSTILE TAKE-OVER shall mean either of the following events effecting a change in control or ownership of the Corporation:
 
 
APPENDIX
-2-

 
 
(i)   the acquisition, directly or indirectly, by any person or related group of persons (other than the Corporation or a person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the Corporation) of beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the 1934 Act) of securities possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Corporation's outstanding securities pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made directly to the Corporation's stockholders which the Board does not recommend such stockholders to accept, or
 
(ii)   a change in the composition of the Board over a period of thirty-six (36) consecutive months or less such that a majority of the Board members ceases, by reason of one or more contested elections for Board membership, to be comprised of individuals who either (A) have been Board members continuously since the beginning of such period or (B) have been elected or nominated for election as Board members during such period by at least a majority of the Board members described in clause (A) who were still in office at the time the Board approved such election or nomination.
 
P.   IMMEDIATE FAMILY shall mean any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law and shall include adoptive relationships.
 
Q.   INCENTIVE OPTION shall mean an option which satisfies the requirements of Code Section 422.
 
R.   MISCONDUCT shall mean the commission of any act of fraud, embezzlement or dishonesty by Optionee, any unauthorized use or disclosure by Optionee of confidential information or trade secrets of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary), or any other intentional misconduct by Optionee adversely affecting the business or affairs of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary) in a material manner. The foregoing definition shall not be deemed to be inclusive of all the acts or omissions which the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary) may consider as grounds for the dismissal or discharge of Optionee or any other person in the Service of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary).
 
S.   NON-STATUTORY OPTION shall mean an option not intended to satisfy the requirements of Code Section 422.
 
T.   NOTICE OF EXERCISE shall mean the notice of exercise in the form attached hereto as Exhibit I.
 
U.   OPTION SHARES shall mean the number of shares of Common Stock subject to the option as specified in the Grant Notice.
 
V.   OPTIONEE shall mean the person to whom the option is granted as specified in the Grant Notice.
 
W.   PARENT shall mean any corporation (other than the Corporation) in an unbroken chain of corporations ending with the Corporation, provided each corporation in the unbroken chain (other than the Corporation) owns, at the time of the determination, stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain.
 
 
APPENDIX
-3-

 
 
X.   PERMANENT DISABILITY shall mean the inability of Optionee to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of twelve (12) months or more.
 
Y.   PLAN shall mean the Corporation's 2006 CombiMatrix Stock Incentive Plan.
 
Z.   PLAN ADMINISTRATOR shall mean either the Board or a committee of the Board acting in its capacity as administrator of the Plan.
 
AA.   SERVICE shall mean the Optionee's performance of services for the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary) in the capacity of an Employee, a non-employee member of the board of directors or a consultant or independent advisor.
 
BB.   STOCK EXCHANGE shall mean the American Stock Exchange or the New York Stock Exchange.
 
CC.   SUBSIDIARY shall mean any corporation (other than the Corporation) in an unbroken chain of corporations beginning with the Corporation, provided each corporation (other than the last corporation) in the unbroken chain owns, at the time of the determination, stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain.

 

 
 
APPENDIX
-4-

 
 

EXHIBIT I
 
 
NOTICE OF EXERCISE
 
I hereby notify CombiMatrix Corporation (the "Corporation") that I elect to purchase _____________________ shares (the "Purchased Shares") of the Corporation's Common Stock ("Common Stock") at the option exercise price of _____________ per share (the "Exercise Price") pursuant to that certain option granted to me under the Corporation’s 2006 CombiMatrix Stock Incentive Plan on _____________________, 200_ (the "Option").
 
Type of Option
 
_____   Incentive Option                                                                      _____   Non-Statutory Option
 
Concurrently with the delivery of this Notice of Exercise to the Corporation, I shall pay to the Corporation the Exercise Price for the Purchased Shares in accordance with the provisions of my agreement with the Corporation (or other documents) evidencing the Option and shall deliver whatever additional documents may be required by such agreement as a condition for exercise.
 
_______________________________________, 200_
Date
 
 
 
 
_______________________________
Signature of Optionee
 
Print Name:___________________________
 
 
Address: ____________________________
_______________________________
 
 
Print name in exact manner it is to appear on the stock certificate:
_______________________________
   
 
Address to which certificate is to be sent, if different from address above:
_______________________________
_______________________________
 
Social Security Number:
_______________________________
 
 
EXHIBIT I
-1-

 

EXHIBIT 10.8
 
FORM OF INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT
 
THIS AGREEMENT is made as of December _____, 2006, by and between CombiMatrix Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and _________________., one of the Directors of the Company (the “ Indemnitee ”), with reference to the following facts:
 
 
R E C I T A L S:
 
The Indemnitee is currently serving as a Director of the Company and the Company wishes the Indemnitee to continue in such capacity. The Indemnitee is willing, under certain circumstances, to continue serving as a Director of the Company.
 
Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, under which Law the Company is organized, empowers corporations to indemnify a person serving as a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation and a person who serves at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, and said Section 145 specifies that the indemnification set forth in said Section 145 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any By-Law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.
 
In order to induce the Indemnitee to continue to serve as a Director of the Company and in consideration of his continued service, the Company has determined and agreed to enter into this agreement with the Indemnitee.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the Indemnitee’s continued service as a Director of the Company, the parties hereto agree as follows:
 
INDEMNITY. The Company will indemnify the Indemnitee, his executors, administrators or assigns, for any Damages or Expenses (as defined below) which the Indemnitee is or becomes legally obligated to pay in connection with any Proceeding. As used in this Agreement the term “Proceeding” shall include any threatened, pending or completed claim, action, suit or proceeding, whether brought by or in the right of the Company or otherwise and whether of a civil, criminal, administrative or investigative nature, in which the Indemnitee may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise, by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was a director or officer of the Company, by reason of any actual or alleged error or misstatement or misleading statement or omission made or suffered by the Indemnitee, by reason of any action taken by him or of any inaction on his part while acting as such director or officer, or by reason of the fact that the Indemnitee was serving at the request of the Company as a director, trustee, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise; provided, that in each such case Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, in the case of a criminal proceeding, in addition had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that such Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. As used in this Agreement, the term “other enterprise” shall include (without limitation) employee benefit plans and administrative committees thereof, and the term “fines” shall include (without limitation) any excise tax assessed with respect to any employee benefit plan. References to “serving at the request of the Corporation” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries, and if such Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan he shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the Company” as referred to above.
 
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EXPENSES. As used in this Agreement, the term “Expenses” shall include, without limitation, damages, judgments, fines, penalties, settlements and costs, attorneys’ fees and disbursements and costs of attachment or similar bonds, investigations, and any expenses of establishing a right to indemnification under this Agreement and the term “Damages” shall include damages, judgments, fines, penalties and settlements.
 
ENFORCEMENT. If a claim or request under this Agreement is not paid by the Company, or on its behalf, within thirty days after a written claim or request has been received by the Company, the Indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Company to recover the unpaid amount of the claim or request and if successful in whole or in part, the Indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid also the Expenses of prosecuting such suit. The Company shall have the right to recoup from the Indemnitee the amount of any item or items of Expenses (other than Damages) theretofore paid by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, to the extent such Expenses are not reasonable in nature or amount; provided, however, that the Company shall have the burden of proving such Expenses to be unreasonable. The burden of proving that the Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification for any other reason shall be upon the Company.
 
SUBROGATION. In the event that the Company pays any Expenses under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and shall do everything that may be necessary to secure such rights, including the execution of such documents necessary to enable the Company effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.
 
EXCLUSIONS. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not be liable under this Agreement to pay any Expenses in connection with any Proceeding:
 
to the extent that payment of such Expenses is actually made to the Indemnitee under a valid, enforceable and collectible insurance policy;
 
to the extent that the Indemnitee is indemnified and actually paid otherwise than pursuant to this Agreement;
 
in connection with a judicial action by or in the right of the Company, in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which the Indemnitee shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Company unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or the court in which such Proceeding was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, the Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such Expenses as such court shall deem proper;
 
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if it is proved by final judgment in a court of law or other final adjudication that the Indemnitee had in fact gained any personal profit or advantage to which he was not legally entitled;
 
for a disgorgement of profits made from the purchase and sale by the Indemnitee of securities pursuant to Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and amendments thereto or similar provisions of any state statutory law or common law;
 
brought about or contributed to by the dishonesty of the Indemnitee seeking payment hereunder; however, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Indemnitee shall be protected under this Agreement as to any Proceeding brought against him by reason of any alleged dishonesty on such Indemnitee’s part, unless a judgment or other final adjudication thereof adverse to such Indemnitee shall establish that he committed (i) acts of active and deliberate dishonesty, (ii) with actual dishonest purpose and intent and (iii) such acts were material to the cause of action so adjudicated; or
 
for any Damages which the Company is prohibited by applicable law from paying as indemnity.
 
INDEMNIFICATION OF EXPENSES OF SUCCESSFUL PARTY. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that the Indemnitee has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any Proceeding or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, including dismissal without prejudice, Indemnitee shall be indemnified against any and all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred in connection therewith.
 
PARTIAL INDEMNIFICATION. If the Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Agreement to indemnification by the Company for some or a portion of Expenses, but not, however, for the total amount thereof, the Company shall nevertheless indemnify the Indemnitee for the portion of such Expenses to which the Indemnitee is entitled.
 
ADVANCE OF EXPENSES. Expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding, except the amount of any Damages, shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition thereof upon request of the Indemnitee that the Company pay such Expenses. The Indemnitee hereby undertakes to repay to the Company the amount of any Expenses theretofore paid by the Company to the extent that it is ultimately determined that such Expenses were not reasonable or that the Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification therefor.
 
APPROVAL OF PAYMENT OF DAMAGES. No payment of Damages for which indemnity shall be sought under this Agreement, other than those in respect of judgments and verdicts actually rendered, shall be incurred without the prior consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
 
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NOTICE OF CLAIM. The Indemnitee, as a condition precedent to his right to be indemnified under this Agreement, shall give to the Company notice in writing as soon as reasonably practicable of any Proceeding against any of him for which indemnity will or could be sought under this Agreement. Notice to the Company shall be given at its principal office and shall be directed to the Corporate Secretary (or such other address as the Company shall designate in writing to the Indemnitee); notice shall be deemed given on the earlier of the date of receipt or the seventh day after it is sent by properly addressed, prepaid registered or certified mail, return receipt requested. In addition, the Indemnitee shall give the Company such information and cooperation as it may reasonably require and as shall be within the Indemnitee’s power.
 
COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, all of which taken together shall constitute one instrument.
 
INDEMNIFICATION HEREUNDER NOT EXCLUSIVE. Nothing herein shall be deemed to diminish or otherwise restrict the Indemnitee’s right to indemnification under any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or By-Laws of the Company and amendments thereto or under law.
 
GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with Delaware law.
 
SAVING CLAUSE. Wherever there is conflict between any provision of this Agreement and any applicable present or future statute, law or regulation contrary to which the Company and the Indemnitee have no legal right to contract, the latter shall prevail, but in such event the affected provisions of this Agreement shall be curtailed and restricted only to the extent necessary to bring them within applicable legal requirements.
 
COVERAGE. The provisions of this Agreement shall apply with respect to the Indemnitee’s service as a Director of the Company prior to the date of this Agreement and with respect to all periods of such service after the date of this Agreement, even though such Indemnitee may have ceased to be a Director of the Company and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of the Indemnitee.
 
SURVIVAL OF AGREEMENT. For purposes of this Agreement, any reference to the Company” shall include, in addition to the resulting or surviving corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Agreement with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and signed as of the day and year first above written.
 
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION,  
a Delaware corporation
   
  By:   ____________________________________________  
           [Name]  
  Its:    [Title]  
   
  INDEMNITEE:  
  ___________________________________________ 
  [Name]  
 
 
 
 
5
EXHIBIT 10.18

 


 
EMPLOYEE MATTERS AGREEMENT
 
by and between
 
ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
 
and
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
 


 
 
 
December 21, 2006
 


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Page
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS  
  1
Section 1.01       General
  1
 
 
ARTICLE II EMPLOYEES  
  3
Section 2.01       Employees
  3
Section 2.02       Non-Solicitation of Employees
  4
   
ARTICLE III SAVINGS PLANS  
  4
   
ARTICLE IV OPTIONS  
  5
   
ARTICLE V OTHER EMPLOYEE PLANS AND MATTERS  
  5
Section 5.01       Welfare Plans
  5
Section 5.02       Incentive Compensation Plans
  6
Section 5.03       Deferred Compensation Plans
  7
Section 5.04       Severance Pay
  7
Section 5.05       Employment, Consulting and Other Employee Related Agreements
  7
Section 5.06       Workers Compensation
  8
Section 5.07       Other Liabilities
  8
   
ARTICLE VI MISCELLANEOUS  
  9
Section 6.01       Indemnification
  9
Section 6.02       Sharing of Information
  9
Section 6.03       Entire Agreement; Construction
  9
Section 6.04       Survival of Agreements
  9
Section 6.05       Governing Law
  9
Section 6.06       Notices
  10
Section 6.07       Amendments
  10
Section 6.08       Assignment
  10
Section 6.09       Captions; Currency
  10
Section 6.10       Severability
  10
Section 6.11       Parties in Interest
  11
Section 6.12       Schedules
  11
Section 6.13       Termination
  11
Section 6.14       Change of Name
  11
Section 6.15       Waivers; Remedies
  11
Section 6.16       Counterparts
  11
Section 6.17       Performance
  12
Section 6.18       Dispute Resolution
  12
Section 6.19       Cooperation
  12
Section 6.20       Interpretation
  12
 
i

 
EMPLOYEE MATTERS AGREEMENT
 
EMPLOYEE MATTERS AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) dated as of December 21, 2006 by and between ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (“ Acacia ”), and COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (“ CombiMatrix ”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Acacia.
 
WHEREAS, the Acacia Board of Directors has determined that it is appropriate and desirable, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Distribution Agreement by and between Acacia and CombiMatrix dated as of the date hereof (the “ Distribution Agreement ”), to distribute all outstanding shares of CombiMatrix Common Stock on a pro rata basis to the holders of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock (the “ Distribution ”);
 
WHEREAS, in connection with the Distribution, Acacia and CombiMatrix have determined that it is appropriate and desirable to provide for the allocation of certain other matters relating to employees, employee benefit plans and compensation arrangements;
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the respective agreements and covenants contained in this Agreement, the parties hereby agree as follows:
 
ARTICLE I
 
DEFINITIONS
 
Section 1.01    General . The following terms have the following meanings (in each case, such meanings to be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined):
 
Acacia ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
Acacia Group ” means Acacia Research Corporation and all of its Subsidiaries, excluding any entities in the CombiMatrix Group.
 
Acacia Participant ” means any individual who, immediately after the Time of Distribution, is (i) an Active Acacia Employee, (ii) a Former Acacia Employee or (iii) a beneficiary of either of the foregoing.
 
Acacia Savings Plan ” means the Acacia Technologies Services Corporation 401(k) Savings Plan, including all amendments thereto through the Distribution Date.
 
Acacia Welfare Plans ” mean the Welfare Plans maintained by Acacia and its Subsidiaries (excluding members of the CombiMatrix Group) immediately prior to the Time of Distribution.
 

 
Active Acacia Employee ” means any individual who, immediately after the Time of Distribution, will be employed by a member of the Acacia Group pursuant to Section 2.01(b).
 
Active CombiMatrix Employee ” means any individual who, immediately after the Time of Distribution, will be employed by a member of the CombiMatrix Group pursuant to Section 2.01(a).
 
Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
CombiMatrix ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.
 
CombiMatrix Group ” means CombiMatrix and all of its Subsidiaries.
 
CombiMatrix Participant ” means any individual who, immediately after the Time of Distribution, is (i) an Active CombiMatrix Employee, (ii) a Former CombiMatrix Employee or (iii) a beneficiary of either of the foregoing.
 
CombiMatrix Savings Plan ” means the CombiMatrix Corporation 401(k) Savings Plan, including all amendments thereto through the Distribution Date.
 
“CombiMatrix Tracking Stock ” means the Acacia common stock designated for its CombiMatrix Subsidiary prior to the Time of Distribution and also referred to as Acacia Research - CombiMatrix stock.
 
CombiMatrix Welfare Plans ” mean the Welfare Plans maintained by the CombiMatrix Group immediately prior to the Time of Distribution.
 
Distribution ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
 
Distribution Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.
 
ERISA ” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or any successor legislation.
 
Former Acacia Employee ” means any Pre-Distribution Group Employee who is not, immediately after the Time of Distribution, an Active Acacia Employee or an Active CombiMatrix Employee, and whose most recent active employment was with the Acacia Group.
 
Former CombiMatrix Employee ” means any Pre-Distribution Group Employee who is not, immediately after the Time of Distribution, an Active CombiMatrix Employee or an Active Acacia Employee, and whose most recent active employment was with the CombiMatrix Group.
 
Incentive Compensation Plan ” means any plan providing for bonuses or other incentive compensation other than a plan that provides for equity compensation (such as stock options).
 
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Liabilities ” has the meaning set forth in the Distribution Agreement.
 
Pre-Distribution Group ” has the meaning set forth in the Distribution Agreement.
 
Pre-Distribution Group Employee ” means any individual who was, at any time prior to the Time of Distribution, employed by Acacia, CombiMatrix or any other member of the Pre-Distribution Group.
 
Separation Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the Distribution Agreement.
 
Subsidiary ” means, with respect to any person, any corporation or other organization, whether incorporated or unincorporated, of which such person or any Subsidiaries of such person controls or owns, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the stock or other equity interest, or more than 50% of the voting power entitled to vote on the election of members to the board of directors or similar governing body. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “Subsidiary” shall also mean, with respect to Combimatrix, the following entities: (i) Leuchemix, a California corporation, and (ii) CombiMatrix K.K., a Japanese corporation.
 
Time of Distribution ” means the effective date of the Distribution.
 
Welfare Plan ” means an employee welfare benefit plan as defined in Section 3(1) of ERISA, including cafeteria, medical, vision, dental and other health plans, retiree health plans, life insurance plans, retiree life insurance plans, accidental death and dismemberment plans, long-term disability plans and severance pay plans, dependent care reimbursement plans, health care reimbursement plans and any other employee welfare benefit and fringe benefit arrangements.
 
ARTICLE II
 
EMPLOYEES
 
Section 2.01    Employees .
 
(a)    Each individual who is currently employed by a member of the CombiMatrix Group immediately prior to the Time of Distribution, including those individuals who are actively employed or on lay-off, leave, short-term or long-term disability or other permitted absence from employment will continue to be employed by a member of the CombiMatrix Group immediately after the Time of Distribution and will be an Active CombiMatrix Employee.
 
(b)    Each individual (other than those employed by the CombiMatrix Group immediately prior to the Time of Distribution) who is employed by the Acacia Group immediately prior to the Time of Distribution (including those who are actively employed or on lay-off, leave, short-term or long-term disability or other permitted absence from employment) will be or will continue to be employed by a member of the Acacia Group immediately after the Time of Distribution and will be an Active Acacia Employee.
 
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(c)    Effective as of the Time of Distribution, (i) for immigration purposes CombiMatrix will be the successor-in-interest to any and all pending or approved visa petitions (whether with the U.S. Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services or U.S. Department of Labor), including pending or completed Labor Condition Applications, made by Acacia or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to any Active CombiMatrix Employees, and CombiMatrix will adopt and accept all representations made by Acacia in any of these petitions and applications, (ii) CombiMatrix will adopt any Labor Condition Application included in the “Public Access Folders” for Active CombiMatrix Employees who have H-1B visas, and (iii) CombiMatrix will adopt any existing I-9 certifications of Acacia and its Subsidiaries with respect to Active CombiMatrix Employees.
 
(d)    Nothing contained in this Section 2.01 is intended to confer upon any employee of the CombiMatrix Group or the Acacia Group any right to continued employment after the Time of Distribution.
 
Section 2.02    Non-Solicitation of Employees . Without the express written agreement of both the Chief Executive Officer of Acacia and the Chief Executive Officer of CombiMatrix:
 
(a)    Acacia agrees not to (and to cause the other members of the Acacia Group not to) solicit, recruit or hire, directly or indirectly (including by contracting with or through an independent contractor, consultant or other third party) any employee of, or individual providing consulting services to, CombiMatrix or any other member of the CombiMatrix Group until eighteen (18) months after the Time of Distribution or until six (6) months after such employee’s employment with, or such individual’s provision of consulting services to, CombiMatrix or any other member of the CombiMatrix Group terminates, whichever occurs first;
 
(b)    CombiMatrix agrees not to (and to cause the other members of the CombiMatrix Group not to) solicit, recruit or hire, directly or indirectly (including by contracting with or through an independent, contractor, consultant or other third party) any employee of, or individual providing consulting services to, Acacia or any other member of the Acacia Group until 18 months after the Time of Distribution or until six months after such employee’s employment with, or such individual’s provision of consulting services to, Acacia or any other member of the Acacia Group terminates, whichever occurs first; and
 
(c)    Notwithstanding the foregoing (but subject to the restriction on hiring), such prohibitions on solicitation do not restrict general recruitment efforts carried out through a public or general solicitation.
 
ARTICLE III
 
SAVINGS PLANS
 
As of the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix maintains the CombiMatrix Retirement Savings Plan, in which employees of the CombiMatrix Group are eligible to participate. As of the Time of Distribution, the Acacia Group maintains the Acacia Retirement Savings Plan, in which employees of the Acacia Group are eligible to participate. No changes to the current operation of and no transfers between the CombiMatrix Retirement Savings Plan and the Acacia Retirement Savings Plan shall be required by this Transaction and both plans shall continue in operation in accordance with their terms.
 
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ARTICLE IV
 
OPTIONS
 
Acacia and CombiMatrix will take all action necessary or appropriate so that the Distribution will be treated as a “change in control” under each Acacia equity compensation plan where options to purchase shares of CombiMatrix Tracking Stock (each an “ Option ”) are outstanding. Each such Option that is outstanding immediately prior to the Time of Distribution will be fully vested immediately prior to the Time of Distribution and contingent upon the Distribution and, except as otherwise specified in this paragraph, will terminate at the Time of Distribution. Acacia and CombiMatrix will provide written notice to the holders of the Options that the Options are vesting fully and terminating at the Time of Distribution. To the extent that an Option cannot be terminated as of the Time of Distribution and for any Option held by a person who is no longer an employee of either the Acacia Group or the CombiMatrix Group, such Option shall be assumed by the CombiMatrix Group at the Time of Distribution (an “ Assumed Option ”) and will be appropriately and equitably adjusted as the number of shares purchasable under such Assumed Option and the per share exercise price for any differences in the capitalization of CombiMatrix in comparison with Acacia with respect to the Acacia-CombiMatrix Stock. Each such Assumed Option will otherwise have the same terms and conditions as those in effect immediately prior to the assumption.
 
ARTICLE V
 
OTHER EMPLOYEE PLANS AND MATTERS
 
Section 5.01    Welfare Plans .
 
(a)    Prior to the Time of Distribution, Acacia and CombiMatrix will take all action necessary or appropriate to create a separate Welfare Plan for each of the CombiMatrix Group and the Acacia Group to the extent that the Acacia Group and the CombiMatrix Group participate in or sponsor the same Welfare Plan as of the date of this Agreement.
 
(b)    As of the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix will maintain Welfare Plans and other employee welfare benefit and fringe benefit arrangements (collectively, “ CombiMatrix Welfare Plans ”) for CombiMatrix Participants. As of the Time of Distribution, the Acacia Group will maintain Welfare Plans and other employee welfare benefit and fringe benefit arrangements (collectively, “ Acacia Welfare Plans ”) for Acacia Participants. Except as provided in Section 5.01(a), no changes to the operation of the CombiMatrix Welfare Plans and the Acacia Welfare Plans shall be required in connection with the Distribution and the CombiMatrix Welfare Plans and the Acacia Welfare Plans shall continue in operation in accordance with their terms.
 
(c)    As of the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix (and, if appropriate, the correct member of the CombiMatrix Group) will have established, and will cover Active CombiMatrix Employees under, policies relating to vacation days and personal and sick days. As of the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix (and, if appropriate, the correct member of the CombiMatrix Group) will credit each Active CombiMatrix Employee with the unused vacation days and personal and sick days accrued by such employee through the Time of Distribution in accordance with the policies relating to vacation days and personal and sick days applicable to such employee in effect immediately prior to the Time of Distribution.
 
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(d)    From and after the Time of Distribution, except as specifically set forth in Section 5.06, CombiMatrix (and, if applicable, the appropriate member of the CombiMatrix Group) hereby assume or retain, as applicable, and will be solely responsible for and will fully perform, pay and discharge, all Liabilities of the Acacia Group and the CombiMatrix Group with respect to CombiMatrix Participants (and claims by or relating to CombiMatrix Participants) with respect to Welfare Plans and other employee welfare and fringe benefits arrangements (including, but not limited to, medical, dental, life, travel, accident, short- and long-term disability, hospitalization, workers’ compensation and other insurance benefits), whether under the Acacia Welfare Plans, the CombiMatrix Welfare Plans or otherwise, whether incurred, or arising in connection with incidents occurring, before, at or after the Time of Distribution and whether any claim is made with respect thereto before, at or after the Time of Distribution.
 
(e)    From and after the Time of Distribution, except as specifically set forth in this Agreement, Acacia hereby assumes or retains, as applicable, and will be solely responsible for and will fully perform, pay and discharge, all Liabilities of Acacia (including those received by members of the CombiMatrix Group) in respect of Acacia Participants (and claims by or relating to Acacia Participants) with respect to Welfare Plans and other employee welfare and fringe benefits arrangements (including, but not limited to, medical, dental, life, travel, accident, short- and long-term disability, hospitalization, workers’ compensation and other insurance benefits), whether under the Acacia Welfare Plans or otherwise, whether incurred, or arising in connection with incidents occurring, before, at or after the Time of Distribution and whether any claim is made with respect thereto before, at or after the Time of Distribution.
 
(f)    Acacia and CombiMatrix acknowledge and agree that neither party has any retiree welfare plans.
 
Section 5.02    Incentive Compensation Plans .
 
(a)    From and after the Time of Distribution, except as specifically set forth in this Agreement, Acacia hereby assumes or retains, as applicable, and will be solely responsible for and will fully perform, pay and discharge, all Liabilities of Acacia (including those received by members of the CombiMatrix Group) in respect of Acacia Participants (and claims by or relating to Acacia Participants) with respect to all Incentive Compensation Plans, whether incurred, or arising in connection with incidents occurring, before, at or after the Time of Distribution and whether any claim is made with respect thereto before, at or after the Time of Distribution.
 
(b)    From and after the Time of Distribution, except as specifically set forth in this Agreement, CombiMatrix hereby assumes or retains, as applicable, and will be solely responsible for and will fully perform, pay and discharge, all Liabilities of CombiMatrix (including those received by members of the Acacia Group) in respect of CombiMatrix Participants (and claims by or relating to CombiMatrix Participants) with respect to all Incentive Compensation Plans, whether incurred, or arising in connection with incidents occurring, before, at or after the Time of Distribution and whether any claim is made with respect thereto before, at or after the Time of Distribution.
 
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Section 5.03    Deferred Compensation Plans . Acacia and CombiMatrix acknowledge and agree that neither party has any nonqualified deferred compensation plans.
 
Section 5.04    Severance Pay .
 
(a)    Acacia and CombiMatrix acknowledge and agree that (i) the transactions contemplated by the Separation Agreements will not constitute a severance of employment of any employee of Acacia Group or the CombiMatrix Group prior to or as a result thereof and (ii) individuals who, in connection with the Distribution, become Active Acacia Employees or Active CombiMatrix Employees pursuant to this Agreement will not be deemed to have experienced a termination, layoff or severance of employment from the Acacia Group or the CombiMatrix Group, in each case for purposes of any policy, plan, program or agreement of Acacia Group or the CombiMatrix Group that provides for the payment of severance, salary continuation or similar benefits.
 
(b)    CombiMatrix and the CombiMatrix Subsidiaries hereby assume or retain, as applicable, and will be solely responsible for and will fully perform, pay and discharge, all Liabilities of the Acacia Group and the CombiMatrix Group in connection with claims made by or on behalf of CombiMatrix Participants in respect of severance pay, salary continuation and similar obligations relating to the termination or alleged termination (whether voluntary or involuntary) of any such person’s employment, whether such termination or alleged termination occurred before, at or after the Time of Distribution and whether any claim is made with respect thereto before, at or after the Time of Distribution (whether or not such claim is based on any severance policy, agreement, arrangement or program which may exist or arise under any employment, collective bargaining or other agreement or under any federal, state, local, provincial or foreign law).
 
(c)    Acacia and the Acacia Subsidiaries hereby assume or retain, as applicable, and will be solely responsible for and will fully perform, pay and discharge, all Liabilities of the Acacia Group and the CombiMatrix Group in connection with claims made by or on behalf of Acacia Participants in respect of severance pay, salary continuation and similar obligations relating to the termination or alleged termination (whether voluntary or involuntary) of any such person’s employment, whether such termination or alleged termination occurred before, at or after the Time of Distribution and whether any claim is made with respect thereto before, at or after the Time of Distribution (whether or not such claim is based on any severance policy, agreement, arrangement or program which may exist or arise under any employment, collective bargaining or other agreement or under any federal, state, local, provincial or foreign law).
 
Section 5.05    Employment, Consulting and Other Employee Related Agreements .
 
(a)    Effective as of the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix and the Combimatrix Subsidiaries hereby assume or retain, as applicable, and will be solely responsible for and will fully perform, pay and discharge, all Liabilities of the Acacia Group and the CombiMatrix Group relating to all CombiMatrix service providers under their respective employment, consulting, separation, arbitration and other employee related agreements with any member of the Pre-Distribution Group, as the same are in effect immediately prior to the Time of Distribution.
 
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(b)    Effective as of the Time of Distribution, Acacia and the Acacia Subsidiaries hereby assume or retain, as applicable, and will be solely responsible for and will fully perform, pay and discharge, all Liabilities of the Acacia Group and the CombiMatrix Group relating to all Acacia service providers under their respective employment, consulting, separation, arbitration and other employee related agreements with any member of the Pre-Distribution Group, as the same are in effect immediately prior to the Time of Distribution.
 
Section 5.06     Workers Compensation . Acacia and CombiMatrix acknowledge and agree that (i) CombiMatrix has not paid prior to the Time of Distribution and will not pay after the Time of Distribution any costs of workers’ compensation coverage for any Acacia Participants and (ii) to the extent that Acacia pays the costs for workers’ compensation coverage (whether through insurance or self-insurance) after the Time of Distribution for any CombiMatrix Participant, CombiMatrix shall reimburse Acacia (on a monthly basis after submission to CombiMatrix of a statement of costs by Acacia) for all costs of workers’ compensation coverage that are paid by Acacia after the Time of Distribution for the CombiMatrix Participants. The determination of the costs shall be mutually agreed to by the parties based on the relevant costs, including, but not limited to any premiums paid, the rate of return foregone on any cash deposits and the cost of any payments made for workers’ compensation claims. Both parties agree to cooperate to transfer the responsibility for any workers’ compensation coverage for CombiMatrix Participants that is provided by Acacia to CombiMatrix within a reasonable period of time after the Time of Distribution, but in no event later than January 1, 2008.
 
Section 5.07    Other Liabilities .
 
(a)    From and after the Time of Distribution, except as specifically set forth in this Agreement, CombiMatrix and the Combimatrix Subsidiaries hereby assume or retain, as applicable, and will be solely responsible for and will fully perform, pay and discharge, all Liabilities of the Acacia Group and the CombiMatrix Group arising out of or relating to the employment of CombiMatrix service providers by any member of the Pre-Distribution Group, whether pursuant to benefit plans or otherwise and whether such Liabilities arose before, at or after the Time of Distribution or any claim is made with respect thereto before, at or after the Time of Distribution.
 
(b)    From and after the Time of Distribution, except as specifically set forth in this Agreement, Acacia and the Acacia Subsidiaries hereby assumes or retains, as applicable, and will be solely responsible for and will fully perform, pay and discharge, all Liabilities of the Acacia Group and the CombiMatrix Group arising out of or relating to employment of Acacia service providers by any member of the Pre-Distribution Group, whether pursuant to benefit plans or otherwise and whether such Liabilities arose before, at or after the Time of Distribution or any claim is made with respect thereto before, at or after the Time of Distribution.
 
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ARTICLE VI
 
MISCELLANEOUS
 
Section 6.01    Indemnification . All Liabilities retained or assumed by or allocated to CombiMatrix or any member of the CombiMatrix Group pursuant to this Agreement will be deemed to be solely the Liabilities of CombiMatrix, and all Liabilities retained or assumed by or allocated to Acacia or any or any member of the Acacia Group pursuant to this Agreement will be deemed to be solely the Liabilities of Acacia, and, in each case, will be subject to the indemnification provisions set forth in Article IV of the Distribution Agreement.
 
Section 6.02    Sharing of Information . Acacia and CombiMatrix will, and will cause each of the respective members of their groups to, provide to the other all such information in its possession as the other may reasonably request to enable the requesting party to administer its employee benefit plans and programs, and to determine the scope of, and fulfill, its obligations under this Agreement. Such information will, to the extent reasonably practicable, be provided in the format and at the times and places requested, but in no event will the party providing such information be obligated to incur any direct expense not reimbursed by the party making such request, nor to make such information available outside its normal business hours and premises. The right of the parties to receive information hereunder will, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, extend to any and all reports, and the data underlying such reports. Any information shared or exchanged pursuant to this Agreement will be subject to the confidentiality requirements set forth in the Distribution Agreement.
 
Section 6.03    Entire Agreement; Construction . This Agreement, the Distribution Agreement, any other Separation Agreements, including any annexes, schedules and exhibits hereto or thereto, and other agreements and documents referred to herein and therein, will together constitute the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and will supersede all prior negotiations, agreements and understandings of the parties of any nature, whether oral or written, with respect to such subject matter. Notwithstanding any other provisions in any other agreements to the contrary, in the event and to the extent that there is a conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of the Distribution Agreement, the provisions of this Agreement will control.
 
Section 6.04    Survival of Agreements . Except as otherwise contemplated by the Separation Agreements, all covenants and agreements of the parties contained in this Agreement will remain in full force and effect and survive the Time of Distribution.
 
Section 6.05    Governing Law . This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely within such State, without regard to the conflicts of law principles of such State.
 
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Section 6.06    Notices . All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications required or permitted to be given hereunder will be in writing and will be delivered by hand or telecopied, e-mailed or sent, postage prepaid, by registered, certified or express mail or reputable overnight courier service and will be deemed given when so delivered by hand or telecopied, when e-mail confirmation is received if delivered by e-mail, or three (3) business days after being so mailed (one (1) business day in the case of express mail or overnight courier service). All such notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications will be addressed as set forth in Section 7.04 of the Distribution Agreement, or pursuant to such other instructions as may be designated in writing by the party to receive such notice.
 
Section 6.07    Amendments . This Agreement cannot be amended, modified or supplemented except by a written agreement executed by Acacia and CombiMatrix.
 
Section 6.08    Assignment . Except as otherwise provided herein, neither party to this Agreement will convey, assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party in its sole and absolute discretion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, either party may (without obtaining any consent) assign all or any portion of its rights and obligations hereunder to (i) the surviving entity resulting from a merger or consolidation involving such party, (ii) the acquiring entity in a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of such party as a whole or of any line of business or division of such party, or (iii) any other person that is created as a result of a spin-off from, or similar reorganization transaction of; such party or any line of business or division of such party. In the event of an assignment pursuant to (ii) or (iii) above, the nonassigning party shall, at the assigning party’s request, use good faith commercially reasonable efforts to enter into separate agreements with each of the resulting entities and take such further actions as may be reasonably required to assure that the rights and obligations under this Agreement are preserved, in the aggregate, and divided equitably between such resulting entities. Any conveyance, assignment or transfer requiring the prior written consent of another party pursuant to this Section 6.08 which is made without such consent will be void ab   initio . No assignment of this Agreement will relieve the assigning party of its obligations hereunder.
 
Section 6.09    Captions; Currency . The article, section and paragraph captions herein and the table of contents hereto are for convenience of reference only, do not constitute part of this Agreement and will not be deemed to limit or otherwise affect any of the provisions hereof. Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to numbered articles or sections are to articles and sections of this Agreement and all references herein to schedules are to schedules to this Agreement. Unless otherwise specified, all references contained in this Agreement, in any schedule referred to herein or in any instrument or document delivered pursuant hereto to dollars or $ will mean United States Dollars.
 
Section 6.10    Severability . If any provision of this Agreement or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remaining provisions hereof; or the application of such provision to persons or circumstances other than those as to which it has been held invalid or unenforceable, will remain in full force and effect and will in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated thereby. If the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is affected in any manner adverse to any party as a result thereof; the parties will negotiate in good faith in an effort to agree upon a suitable and equitable substitute provision to effect the original intent of the parties.
 
10

 
Section 6.11    Parties in Interest . This Agreement is binding upon and is for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns. This Agreement is not made for the benefit of any person not a party hereto, and no person other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns will acquire or have any benefit, right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement. No provision of this Agreement will be construed (a) to limit the right of Acacia, any member of the Acacia Group, CombiMatrix or any member of the CombiMatrix Group to amend any plan or terminate their plans, or (b) to create any right or entitlement whatsoever in any employee, former employee or beneficiary including a right to continued employment or to any benefit under a plan or any other benefit or compensation.
 
Section 6.12    Schedules . All schedules attached hereto are hereby incorporated in and made a part of this Agreement as if set forth in full herein. Capitalized terms used in the schedules hereto but not otherwise defined therein will have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in this Agreement.
 
Section 6.13    Termination . This Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Time of Distribution by and in the sole discretion of the Acacia Board of Directors without the approval of CombiMatrix or Acacia’s stockholders. In the event of any such termination, neither party will have any liability of any kind to the other party on account of such termination. This Agreement may not be terminated after the Time of Distribution.
 
Section 6.14    Change of Name . On or promptly after the Time of Distribution, CombiMatrix will take such actions as may be required to change the names of all employee benefit plans sponsored or maintained by CombiMatrix or any member of the CombiMatrix Group to eliminate therefrom any reference to “Acacia”, “Acacia Research”, “Acacia Technologies” or any derivative thereof.
 
Section 6.15    Waivers; Remedies . No failure or delay on the part of either Acacia or CombiMatrix in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder will operate as a waiver thereof; nor will any waiver on the part of either Acacia or CombiMatrix of any right, power or privilege hereunder operate as a waiver of any other right, power or privilege hereunder, nor will any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege hereunder. Subject to Section 6.18, the rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies which the parties may otherwise have at law or in equity.
 
Section 6.16    Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in separate counterparts, each such counterpart being deemed to be an original instrument, and all such counterparts will together constitute the same agreement. This Agreement may be executed and delivered by telecopier with the same force and effect as if it were a manually executed and delivered counterpart.
 
11

 
Section 6.17    Performance . Acacia will cause to be performed and hereby guarantees the performance of all actions, agreements and obligations set forth herein to be performed by any member of the Acacia Group. CombiMatrix will cause to be performed and hereby guarantees the performance of all actions, agreements and obligations set forth herein to be performed by any member of the CombiMatrix Group.
 
Section 6.18    Dispute Resolution . Any dispute, claim or controversy arising out of or relating to any provision of this Agreement or the breach, performance or validity thereof will be resolved in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 7.05 of the Distribution Agreement.
 
Section 6.19    Cooperation . Acacia and CombiMatrix will cooperate in taking all such action as may be necessary or appropriate to implement the provisions of this Agreement, including making all appropriate filings as may be required under ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the regulations thereunder and any other applicable laws, exchanging and sharing all appropriate records, amending plan, trust, record keeping and other related documents and implementing all appropriate communications with participants.
 
Section 6.20    Interpretation . Any reference herein to any federal, state, local or foreign law shall be deemed also to refer to all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, unless the context requires otherwise. For the purposes of this Agreement, (i) words in the singular shall be held to include the plural and vice   versa and words of one gender shall be held to include the other gender as the context requires, (ii) the terms “hereof”, “herein”, and “herewith” and words of similar import shall, unless otherwise stated, be construed to refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement, (iii) the word “including” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall mean “including, without limitation” and (iv) all references to any plan shall be deemed to include any amendments thereto.
 
 
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]
 

12

 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the duly authorized officers of the parties as of the date first hereinabove written.
 
 
ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
 
 
By:____________________________________________    
       Name:  
     Title:  
 
 
COMBIMATRIX CORPORATION
 
 
By:____________________________________________    
        Name:  
      Title:  




[Signature Page to Employee Matters Agreement
 
13

Exhibit 21.1
 
Subsidiaries of the Registrant

Advanced Materials Sciences, Inc.
CombiMatrix International Holdings Corp.
CombiMatrix Molecular Diagnostics, Inc.
CombiMatrix K.K.
Leuchemix, Inc.
EXHIBIT 23.2
 
 
 
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
We hereby consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form   S-1 of our report dated March 16, 2006, except for Note 16, which is as of December 22, 2006, relating to the financial statements of CombiMatrix Corporation, which appears in such Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.
 

 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Seattle, WA
December 22, 2006
EXHIBIT 99.1

 
[ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION LETTERHEAD]

NOTICE OF REDEMPTION TO HOLDERS OF
ACACIA RESEARCH-COMBIMATRIX COMMON STOCK


To Holders of Acacia Research-Combimatrix Common Stock :

All shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock outstanding on [REDEMPTION DATE] will be redeemed in exchange for shares of common stock of Combimatrix Corporation. Each share of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock shall be exchanged for one share of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock, as of the redemption date, [REDEMPTION DATE].

Your original stock certificates for Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock must be surrendered at the following address:

[ADDRESS OF EXCHANGE AGENT]

Upon receipt of your original stock certificate(s) for Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock at the foregoing address, we will deliver to you an original share certificate for an equivalent number of shares of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock issued in the name of the record holder of the Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock.

Dividends on shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock shall cease to be paid as of [REDEMPTION DATE], subject, however , to Section 2.4(f)(ix) of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

As of the date hereof, there are 41,507,579 shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock issued and outstanding. In addition, there are warrants to acquire [13,601,863] shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock, at exercise prices ranging from [$_____] to [$_____], with a weighted average exercise price of $1.09 per share, and there are options to acquire [8.6 million] shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.33 to $24.00, with a weighted average exercise price of $5.70.

We are exercising our right to redeem all of the issued and outstanding shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock in accordance with Section 2.4(c) of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. This notice is being delivered to you in accordance with Section 2.4(f) of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

Accompanying this notice is a prospectus dated [DATE OF PROSPECTUS] regarding the issuance of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock to you.

Sincerely,


Paul R. Ryan,
Chief Executive Officer

[DATE]
Newport Beach, California
EXHIBIT 99.2

 
[ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION LETTERHEAD]

NOTICE OF REDEMPTION TO HOLDERS OF
ACACIA RESEARCH-COMBIMATRIX COMMON STOCK


To Holders of Acacia Research-Combimatrix Options :

All shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock outstanding on [REDEMPTION DATE] will be redeemed in exchange for shares of common stock of Combimatrix Corporation. Each share of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock shall be exchanged for one share of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock, as of the redemption date, [REDEMPTION DATE].

Your original stock certificates for Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock must be surrendered at the following address:

[ADDRESS OF EXCHANGE AGENT]

Upon receipt of your original stock certificate(s) for Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock at the foregoing address, we will deliver to you an original share certificate for an equivalent number of shares of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock issued in the name of the record holder of the Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock.

Dividends on shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock shall cease to be paid as of [REDEMPTION DATE], subject, however , to Section 2.4(f)(ix) of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

As of the date hereof, there are 41,507,579 shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock issued and outstanding. In addition, there are warrants to acquire [13,601,863] shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock, at exercise prices ranging from [$_____] to [$_____], with a weighted average exercise price of $1.09 per share, and there are options to acquire [8.6 million] shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.33 to $24.00, with a weighted average exercise price of $5.70.

We are exercising our right to redeem all of the issued and outstanding shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock in accordance with Section 2.4(c) of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. This notice is being delivered to you in accordance with Section 2.4(f) of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

You will be entitled to receive shares of common stock of CombiMatrix Corporation upon redemption only if you exercise your options into shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix Corporation common stock on or prior to the redemption date, [REDEMPTION DATE]. Your options will terminate following the redemption on [REDEMPTION DATE], and you will not be entitled to exercise your option(s) following [REDEMPTION DATE].

Accompanying this notice is a prospectus dated [DATE OF PROSPECTUS] regarding the issuance of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock to you in the event you exercise your options prior to the redemption date.

Sincerely,


Paul R. Ryan,
Chief Executive Officer

[DATE]
Newport Beach, California
EXHIBIT 99.3

 
[ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION LETTERHEAD]

NOTICE OF REDEMPTION TO HOLDERS OF
ACACIA RESEARCH-COMBIMATRIX COMMON STOCK


To Holders of Acacia Research-Combimatrix Convertible Securities :

All shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock outstanding on [REDEMPTION DATE] will be redeemed in exchange for shares of common stock of Combimatrix Corporation. Each share of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock shall be exchanged for one share of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock, as of the redemption date, [REDEMPTION DATE].

Your original stock certificates for Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock must be surrendered to the exchange agent at the following address:

[ADDRESS OF EXCHANGE AGENT]

Upon receipt of your original stock certificate(s) for Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock at the foregoing address, we will deliver to you an original share certificate for an equivalent number of shares of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock issued in the name of the record holder of the Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock.

Dividends on shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock shall cease to be paid as of [REDEMPTION DATE], subject, however , to Section 2.4(f)(ix) of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

As of the date hereof, there are 41,507,579 shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock issued and outstanding. In addition, there are warrants to acquire [13,601,863] shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock, at exercise prices ranging from [$_____] to [$_____], with a weighted average exercise price of $1.09 per share, and there are options to acquire [8.6 million] shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.33 to $24.00, with a weighted average exercise price of $5.70.

We are exercising our right to redeem all of the issued and outstanding shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix common stock in accordance with Section 2.4(c) of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. This notice is being delivered to you in accordance with Section 2.4(f) of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
 
You will be entitled to receive shares of common stock of CombiMatrix Corporation upon redemption only if you exercise your options into shares of Acacia Research-CombiMatrix Corporation common stock on or prior to the redemption date, [REDEMPTION DATE]. Following [REDEMPTION DATE], your warrant or option will be assumed by CombiMatrix Corporation, and CombiMatrix Corporation will issue to you a new warrant or option that may be exercised for shares of Combimatrix Corporation common stock on the same terms and conditions of your existing warrant or option. To receive your new warrant or option following the redemption date, you must forward your original warrant or option to the exchange agent at the foregoing address.

Accompanying this notice is a prospectus dated [DATE OF PROSPECTUS] regarding the issuance of CombiMatrix Corporation common stock to you in the event you exercise your warrant or option prior to the redemption date.

Sincerely,


Paul R. Ryan,
Chief Executive Officer

[DATE]
Newport Beach, California