SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

x Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Security Exchange Act of 1934 for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2014

 

OR

 

p Transmission Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Security Exchange Act of 1937 for the transition period from ______ to ______

 

Commission file number: 001-32046

 

 

Simulations Plus, Inc.

(Name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

California 95-4595609
(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) (I.R.S. Employer identification No.)

 

42505 10 th Street West

Lancaster, CA 93534-7059

(Address of principal executive offices including zip code)

 

(661) 723-7723

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filings requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes  x    No  p

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes  x    No  p

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):

 

p   Large accelerated filer p   Accelerated filer
p   Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)   x    Smaller reporting company

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  p    No  x

 

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of April 9, 2014 was 16,162,460; no shares of preferred stock were outstanding.

 

 

 
 

Simulations Plus, Inc.

FORM 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended February 28, 2014

 

Table of Contents

 

  PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION  
     
Item 1. Condensed Financial Statements Page
     
  Condensed Balance Sheets at February 28, 2014 (unaudited) and August 31, 2013 (audited) 2
     
  Condensed Statements of Operations for the three months and six months ended February 28, 2014 and, 2013 (unaudited)    3
     
  Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended February 28, 2014 and 2013 (unaudited) 4
     
  Notes to Condensed Financial Statements (unaudited)    5
     
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Result of Operations 14
     
  General 14
     
  Result of Operations 21
     
  Liquidity and Capital Resources 25
     
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 25
     
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 25
     
  PART II. OTHER INFORMATION  
     
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 27
     
Item 1A. Risk Factors 27
     
Item 2. Changes in Securities 27
     
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities 27
     
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 27
     
Item 5. Other Information 27
     
Item 6.   Exhibits 27
     
Signature 29

 

 

1
 

 

SIMULATIONS PLUS, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

at February 28, 2014 (Unaudited) and August 31, 2013 (Audited)

 

 

    (Unaudited)     (Audited)  
    February 28,     August 31,  
    2014     2013  
ASSETS
Current assets                
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 9,701,417     $ 10,179,298  
Income tax refund receivable/Prepaid     340,312       301,573  
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $0     2,690,572       1,910,615  
Contracts receivable     135,433       203,913  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets     177,544       192,173  
Deferred income taxes     248,377       184,258  
Total current assets     13,293,655       12,971,830  
Long-term assets                
Capitalized computer software development costs,
net of accumulated amortization of $6,185,230 and $5,443,703
 
 
 
 
 
3,240,971
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,891,169
 
 
Property and equipment, net (note 3)     112,467       117,987  
Intellectual property, net of accumulated amortization of $15,000 and $11,250     60,000       63,750  
Other assets     18,445       18,445  
Total assets   $ 16,725,538     $ 16,063,181  
                 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities                
Accounts payable   $ 306,723     $ 146,011  
Accrued payroll and other expenses     314,295       311,209  
Accrued bonuses to officer     60,000       60,000  
Other Current Liabilities     19,859       19,859  
Deferred revenue     243,388       89,227  
Total current liabilities     944,265       626,306  
                 
Long-term liabilities                
Deferred income taxes     1,311,594       1,146,389  
Other long-term liabilities     38,064       47,993  
Total liabilities     2,293,923       1,820,688  
                 
Commitments and contingencies (note 4)                
                 
Shareholders' equity (note 5)                
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value 10,000,000 shares authorized no shares issued and outstanding            
Common stock, $0.001 par value 50,000,000 shares authorized 16,162,460 and 16,030,894 shares issued and outstanding    
4,634
      4,502
Additional paid-in capital     4,987,194       4,842,794  
Retained earnings     9,439,787       9,395,197  
                 
Total shareholders' equity     14,431,615       14,242,493  
                 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity   $ 16,725,538     $ 16,063,181  

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

 

2
 

 

SIMULATIONS PLUS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

For the three and six months ended February 28,

(Unaudited)

 

 

    Three months ended     Six months ended  
    2014     2013     2014     2013  
                         
Net sales   $ 3,081,492     $ 3,118,121     $ 5,722,492     $ 5,408,215  
Cost of sales     492,199       498,778       940,619       885,648  
Gross profit     2,589,293       2,619,343       4,781,873       4,522,567  
Operating expenses                                
Selling, general, and administrative     1,103,547       854,983       2,174,638       1,786,043  
Research and development     354,007       247,522       516,123       427,857  
Total operating expenses     1,457,554       1,102,505       2,690,761       2,213,900  
                                 
Income from operations     1,131,739       1,516,838       2,091,112       2,308,667  
                                 
Other income (expense)                                
Interest income     7,957       17,074       16,983       30,802  
Miscellaneous income           15,390             30,794  
Gain on currency exchange     4,428       22,988       28,137       97,642  
Total other income (expense)     12,385       55,452       45,120       159,238  
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes  
 
 
 
 
1,144,124
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,572,290
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,136,232
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,467,905
 
 
Provision for income taxes     (334,260 )     (510,715 )     (641,213 )     (819,344 )
                                 
Net Income   $ 809,864     $ 1,061,575     $ 1,495,019     $ 1,648,561  
                                 
Earnings per share                                
Basic   $ 0.05     $ 0.07     $ 0.09     $ 0.10  
Diluted   $ 0.05     $ 0.06     $ 0.09     $ 0.10  
                                 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding                                
Basic     16,107,327       16,004,397       16,078,173       15,965,890  
Diluted     16,356,544       16,336,353       16,319,902       16,305,235  

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

 

3
 

SIMULATIONS PLUS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the six months ended February 28,

(Unaudited)

 

 

    2014     2013  
Cash flows from operating activities                
Net income   $ 1,495,019     $ 1,648,561  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities                
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment     23,873       20,999  
Amortization of intellectual property     3,750       3,750  
Amortization of capitalized computer software development costs     383,652       359,013  
Excess tax benefits from share-based arrangements           (70,806 )
Stock-based compensation     71,087       70,253  
Deferred income taxes     101,086       71,367  
(Increase) decrease in                
Accounts receivable and Contracts receivable     (711,477 )     (1,152,054 )
Income tax receivable/Prepaid     (38,739 )     151,246  
Prepaid expenses and other assets     14,629       (17,495 )
Increase (decrease) in                
Accounts payable     160,712       77,228  
Accrued payroll and other expenses     3,086       (4,320 )
Accrued Bonus           (30,000 )
Accrued income taxes           (634,568 )
Other liabilities     (9,929 )      
Deferred revenue     154,161       90,953  
Net cash provided by operating activities     1,650,910       584,127  
                 
Cash flows from investing activities                
Purchases of property and equipment     (18,353 )     (7,680 )
Capitalized computer software development costs     (733,454 )     (582,080 )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities     (751,807 )     (589,760 )
                 
Cash flows from financing activities                
Excess tax benefits from share-based arrangements           70,806  
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options     73,445       27,986  
Dividends paid     (1,450,429 )     (3,039,373 )
Net cash (used in) financing activities of continuing operations     (1,376,984 )     (2,940,581 )
                 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents     (477,881 )     (2,946,214 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year     10,179,298       12,701,075  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period   $ 9,701,417     $ 9,754,861  
                 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information                
Interest paid   $     $  
Income taxes paid   $ 572,192     $ 1,382,545  

 

 

  The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

 

4
 

Simulations Plus, Inc.

 

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

February 28, 2014 and 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 1: GENERAL

 

This report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended February 28, 2014, should be read in conjunction with the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2013, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on November 18, 2013. As contemplated by the SEC under Article 8 of Regulation S-X, the accompanying financial statements and footnotes have been condensed and therefore do not contain all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles. The interim financial data are unaudited; however, in the opinion of Simulations Plus, Inc. ("we", "our", "us"), the interim data includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of those to be expected for the full year.

 

 

Note 2: SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Estimates

Our condensed financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are affected by management’s application of accounting policies. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant accounting policies for us include revenue recognition, accounting for capitalized computer software development costs, valuation of stock options, and accounting for income taxes.

 

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenues related to software licenses and software maintenance in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 985-605, “ Software - Revenue Recognition” . Software product revenue is recorded when the following conditions are met: 1) evidence of arrangement exists, 2) delivery has been made, 3) the amount is fixed, and 4) collectability is probable. Post-contract customer support ("PCS") obligations are insignificant; therefore, revenue for PCS is recognized at the same time as the licensing fee, and the costs of providing such support services are accrued and amortized over the obligation period.

 

As a byproduct of ongoing improvements and upgrades for the new programs and new modules of software, some modifications are provided to customers who have already purchased software at no additional charge. Other software modifications result in new, additional cost modules that expand the functionality of the software. These are licensed separately. We consider the modifications that are provided without charge to be minimal, as they do not significantly change the basic functionality or utility of the software, but rather add convenience, such as being able to plot some additional variable on a graph in addition to the numerous variables that had been available before, or adding some additional calculations to supplement the information provided from running the software. Such software modifications for any single product have typically occurred once or twice per year, sometimes more, sometimes less. Thus, they are infrequent. The Company provides, for a fee, additional training and service calls to its customers and recognizes revenue at the time the training or service call is provided.

 

5
 

 

Generally, we enter into one-year license agreements with customers for the use of our pharmaceutical software products. We recognize revenue on these contracts when all the criteria are met.

 

Most license agreements have a term of one year; however, from time to time, we enter into multi-year license agreements. We generally unlock and invoice software one year at a time for multi-year licenses. Therefore, revenue is recognized one year at a time.

 

We recognize revenue from collaboration research and revenue from grants equally over their terms. However, we recognize contract study revenue using the percentage-of-completion method, depending upon how the contract studies are engaged, in accordance with ASC 605-35, “ Revenue Recognition – Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts” . To recognize revenue using the percentage-of-completion method, we must determine whether we meet the following criteria: 1) there is a long-term, legally enforceable contract, 2) it is possible to reasonably estimate the total project costs, and 3) it is possible to reasonably estimate the extent of progress toward completion.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, we consider all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

 

Accounts Receivable

We analyze the age of customer balances, historical bad debt experience, customer creditworthiness, and changes in customer payment terms when making estimates of the collectability of the Company’s trade accounts receivable balances. If we determine that the financial conditions of any of its customers deteriorated, whether due to customer-specific or general economic issues, an increase in the allowance may be made. Accounts receivable are written off when all collection attempts have failed.

 

Capitalized Computer Software Development Costs

Software development costs are capitalized in accordance with ASC 985-20, “Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed” . Capitalization of software development costs begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility and is discontinued when the product is available for sale.

 

The establishment of technological feasibility and the ongoing assessment for recoverability of capitalized software development costs require considerable judgment by management with respect to certain external factors including, but not limited to, technological feasibility, anticipated future gross revenues, estimated economic life, and changes in software and hardware technologies. Capitalized software development costs are comprised primarily of salaries and direct payroll-related costs and the purchase of existing software to be used in our software products.

 

Amortization of capitalized software development costs is calculated on a product-by-product basis on the straight-line method over the estimated economic life of the products (not to exceed five years, although all of our current software products have already been on the market for 7-15 years except for our newest MedChem Designer™ program, and we do not foresee an end-of-life for any of them at this point). Amortization of software development costs amounted to $383,652 and $359,013 for the six months ended February 28, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and amortization of software development costs was $191,823 and $176,928 for the three months ended February 28, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We expect future amortization expense to vary due to increases in capitalized computer software development costs.

 

We test capitalized computer software development costs for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

 

6
 

 

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives as follows:

 

Equipment 5 years
Computer equipment 3 to 7 years
Furniture and fixtures 5 to 7 years
Leasehold improvements Shorter of life of asset or lease

 

Maintenance and minor replacements are charged to expense as incurred. Gains and losses on disposals are included in the results of operations.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the Condensed Balance Sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. The categories, as defined by the standard are as follows:

 

Level Input:   Input Definition:
Level I   Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date.
Level II   Inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level I, that are observable for the asset or liability through corroboration with market data at the measurement date.
Level III   Unobservable inputs that reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

 

The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level at February 28, 2014 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 

    Level I     Level II     Level III     Total  
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 9,701,417     $     $     $ 9,701,417  
                                 
Total   $ 9,701,417     $     $     $ 9,701,417  

 

For certain of our financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued payroll and other expenses, accrued bonus to officer, and accrued warranty and service costs, the amounts approximate fair value due to their short maturities.

 

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred until technological feasibility has been established. These costs consist primarily of salaries and direct payroll-related costs. It also includes purchased software and databases which were developed by other companies and incorporated into, or used in the development of, our final products.

 

7
 

 

Income Taxes

We utilize FASB ASC 740-10, “Income Taxes” which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns.

 

Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year-end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The provision for income taxes represents the tax payable for the period and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

 

Intellectual property

On February 28, 2012, we bought out the royalty agreement with Enslein Research of Rochester, New York. The cost of $75,000 is being amortized over 10 years under the straight-line method. Amortization expense for each of the six months periods ended February 28, 2014 and 2013 was $3,750 and was $1,875 for each three month period ended February 28, 2014 and 2013. Accumulated amortization as of February 28, 2014 was $15,000.

 

Earnings per Share

We report earnings per share in accordance with FASB ASC 260-10. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares available. Diluted earnings per share is computed similar to basic earnings per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. The components of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended February 28, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:

 

Six months ended   Three month ended     Six month ended  
    02/28/2014     02/28/2013     02/28/2014     02/28/2013  
                         
Numerator:                                
                                 
Net income attributable to common shareholders   $ 809,864     $ 1,061,575     $ 1,495,019     $ 1,648,561  
                                 
Denominator:                                
                                 
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period     16,107,327       16,004,397       16,078,173       15,965,890  
                                 
Dilutive effect of stock options     249,217       331,956       241,729       339,345  
                                 
Common stock and common stock equivalents used for diluted earnings per share     16,356,544       16,336,353       16,319,902       16,305,235  

 

 

 

8
 

 

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation costs related to stock options are determined in accordance with FASB ASC 718-10, “Compensation-Stock Compensation”, using the modified prospective method. Under this method, compensation cost is calculated based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance FASB ASC 718-10, amortized on a straight-line basis over the options’ vesting period. Stock-based compensation was $71,087 and $70,253 for the six months ended February 28, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and was $55,727 and $32,154 for the three months ended February 28, 2014 and 2013, respectively. This expense is included in the condensed statements of operations as Selling, General and Administration (SG&A), and Research and Development expense.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

 

In July 2012, the FASB issued ASU 2012-02, “ Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment”, which amended the guidance in ASU 2011-08 to simplify the testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets other than goodwill for impairment. ASU 2012-02 becomes effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning on or after September 15, 2012 and earlier adoption is permitted. We adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2013. We believe adoption did not have a material effect on our financial statements.

 

In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-11, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists , which eliminates diversity in practice for the presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss or a tax credit carryforward is available to reduce the taxable income or tax payable that would result from disallowance of a tax position. ASU 2013-11 affects only the presentation of such amounts in an entity’s balance sheet and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2013 and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact, if any, of the adoption of ASU 2013-11 on our balance sheet.

 

 

Note 3: Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment as of February 28, 2014 consisted of the following:

 

Equipment   $ 124,042  
Computer equipment     142,907  
Furniture and fixtures     51,466  
Leasehold improvements     23,645  
     Sub total     342,059  
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization     (229,592 )
     Net Book Value   $ 112,467  

 

 

9
 

 

Note 4: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

Employment Agreement

On July 22, 2012, the Company entered into an employment agreement with its President/Chief Executive Officer that expired in August 2013. The employment agreement provided for an annual base salary of $300,000 per year, and a performance bonus in an amount not to exceed 10% of Employee’s salary, or $30,000 per year, at the end of each fiscal year. The specific amount of the bonus to be awarded will be determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, based on the financial performance and achievements of the Company for the previous fiscal year. The agreement also provides Employee stock options, exercisable for five years, to purchase fifty (50) shares of Common Stock for each one thousand dollars ($1,000) of net income before taxes at the end of each fiscal year up to a maximum of 120,000 options over the term of the agreement. The agreement allows the Company to terminate the agreement upon 30 days written notice, if termination is without cause, the Company's only obligation would be to pay its President the greater of a) 12 month’s salary or b) the remainder of the term of the employment agreement from the date of notice of termination.

 

For fiscal year 2013, the Compensation Committee awarded a $30,000 performance bonus to Walter Woltosz, our President/Chief Executive Officer, which was paid in September 2013.

 

On August 22, 2013, effective as of September 1, 2013, the CEO’s employment agreement was renewed for another year by the Compensation Committee and provides for an annual bonus of up to five percent (5%) of the Company’s net income before taxes of the previous fiscal year not to exceed $60,000. In addition the agreement calls for the granting of ten (10) options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock for each $1,000 of net income before taxes that the Company earns at the end of each fiscal year (up to a maximum of twenty thousand (20,000) options over the term of the agreement) at an exercise price equal to ten percent (10%) over the market value per share as of the date of grant (the number of shares to be adjusted accordingly for any stock splits or reverse splits after the date of the agreement). A copy of the agreement is attached to the Company’s 2013 Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 18, 2013 as Exhibit 10.9.

 

Litigation

We are not a party to any litigation at this time and we are not aware of any pending litigation of any kind.

 

Note 5: SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

Dividend

The Board of Directors declared cash dividends during fiscal year 2013. The details of dividends paid are in the following table:

 

Record Date   Distribution Date   Number of Shares Outstanding on Record Date     Dividend per Share     Total Amount  
11/8/2012   11/13/2012     15,927,806     $ 0.05     $ 796,390  
12/24/2012   12/28/2012     16,021,309     $ 0.14     $ 2,242,983  
5/7/2013   5/10/2013     16,030,433     $ 0.03     $ 480,913  
8/12/2013   8/15/2013     16,030,894     $ 0.03     $ 480,926  
Total                       $ 4,001,212  

 

The Board of Directors has also declared cash dividends during fiscal year 2014. The details of dividends paid are in the following table:

 

Record Date   Distribution Date   Number of Shares Outstanding on Record Date     Dividend per Share     Total Amount  
11/08/2013   11/15/2013     16,073,894     $ 0.04     $ 642,956  
  2/17/2014     2/24/2014     16,149,460     $ 0.05     $ 807,473  
Total                       $ 1,450,429  

 

10
 

 

 

Stock Option Plan

In September 1996, the Board of Directors adopted, and the shareholders approved, the 1996 Stock Option Plan (the "Option Plan") under which a total of 1,000,000 shares of common stock had been reserved for issuance. In March 1999, the shareholders approved an increase in the number of shares that may be granted under the Option Plan to 2,000,000. In February 2000, the shareholders approved an increase in the number of shares that may be granted under the Option Plan to 4,000,000. In December 2000, the shareholders approved an increase in the number of shares that may be granted under the Option Plan to 5,000,000. Furthermore, in February 2005, the shareholders approved an additional 1,000,000 shares, resulting in the total number of shares that may be granted under the Option Plan to 6,000,000. The 1996 Stock Option Plan terminated in September 2006 by its term.

 

On February 23, 2007, the Board of Directors adopted and the shareholders approved the 2007 Stock Option Plan under which a total of 1,000,000 shares of common stock had been reserved for issuance. On February 25, 2014 the shareholders approved an additional 1,000,000 shares increasing the total number of shares that may be granted under the Option Plan to 2,000,000.

 

Qualified Incentive Stock Options (Qualified ISO)

As of February 28, 2014, employees hold Qualified ISO to purchase 479,000 shares of common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.00 to $5.61 which were granted prior to February 28, 2014.

 

Transactions in FY14   Number of Options   Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Per Share
    Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life
               
Outstanding, August 31, 2013   532,000   $ 1.82     3.95
Granted   100,000   $ 5.61      
Exercised   (147,000)   $ 1.29      
Cancelled/Forfeited   (6,000)   $ 1.00      
Outstanding, February 28, 2014   479,000   $ 2.78     3.88
Exercisable,  February 28, 2014   289,600   $ 1.85     3.43

 

The fair value of the options, including both ISO and NQSO options, granted during the six months ended February 28, 2014 is estimated at $130,781. The fair value of these options was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions for FQE February 28, 2014: dividend yield of 3.14%, pre-vest forfeiture rate of 6.25%, expected volatility of 38.95%, risk-free interest rate of 1.36%, and expected life of 5.0 years.

 

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Non-Qualified Stock Options (Non-Qualified ISO)

As of February 28, 2014, the outside members of the Board of Directors hold options to purchase 45,600 shares of common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.67 to $6.68, which were granted prior to February 28, 2014.

 

Transactions in FY14   Number of Options  

Weighted-Average Exercise Price

Per Share

    Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life
               
Outstanding, August 31, 2013   48,600   $ 3.79     7.85
Exercised   (3,000)   $ 1.80      
Outstanding, February 28, 2014   45,600   $ 3.92     7.54
Exercisable,  February 28, 2014   25,200   $ 3.45     6.37

 

The weighted-average remaining contractual life of options outstanding issued under the Plan, both Qualified ISO and Non-Qualified SO, was 4.19 years at February 28, 2014. The exercise prices for the options outstanding at February 28, 2014 ranged from $1.00 to $6.68, and the information relating to these options is as follows:

 

Exercise Price   Awards Outstanding   Awards Exercisable
Low   High   Quantity     Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life   Weighted Average Exercise Price   Quantity     Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life   Weighted Average Exercise Price
$1.00   $1.50     215,100     3.81   $ 1.05     187,700     3.62   $1.06
$1.51   $3.00     31,600     6.12   $ 2.35     11,600     3.08   $2.11
$3.01   $4.50     141,900     3.63   $ 3.28     103,500     3.49   $3.22
$4.51   $6.68     136,000     4.95   $ 5.49     12,000     3.52   $5.59
          524,600     4.19   $ 2.88     314,800     3.67   $1.98

 

 

NOTE 6: RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

As of February 28, 2014, included in bonus expenses to officers was $90,000, of which $30,000 was accrued bonus representing an estimated quarterly amount of bonus payable to the Corporate Secretary, Virginia Woltosz, as part of the terms of the sale of Words+ to Simulations Plus in 1996, and $30,000 accrued bonus representing an estimated quarterly amount of bonus payable to our President/Chief Executive Officer, Walter Woltosz as part of his 2014 employment agreement The other $30,000, paid in September 2013, was FY2013 performance bonus to Walter Woltosz, our President/Chief Executive Officer, which was approved by the compensation committee in September 2013.

 

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NOTE 7: CONCENTRATIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES

 

Revenue concentration shows that International sales accounted for 61% and 53% of net sales for the six months ended February 28, 2014 and 2013, respectively. One customer (a dealer account in Japan representing various customers) accounted for 10% of sales for the six months ended February 28, 2014 compared to two customers who accounted for 11% (a dealer account in Japan representing various customers) and 10% of net sales during the six months ended February 28, 2013.

 

Accounts receivable concentration shows that two customers comprised 13% (a dealer account in Japan representing various customers) and 11% of accounts receivable at February 28, 2014 compared to three customers comprising 12%, 10% (a dealer account in Japan representing various customers), and 10% of accounts receivable at February 28, 2013.

 

We operate in the computer software industry, which is highly competitive and changes rapidly. Our operating results could be significantly affected by our ability to develop new products and find new distribution channels for new and existing products.

 

The majority of our customers are in the pharmaceutical industry. During the current economic downturn, we have seen consolidations in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in this first fiscal quarter of 2013. Although we have not seen any significant reduction in total revenues to date, our growth rate has been affected. Continued consolidation and downsizing in the pharmaceutical industry could have an impact on our revenues and earnings going forward.

 

 

NOTE 8: Geographic Reporting

 

We allocate revenues to geographic areas based on the locations of our customers. Geographical revenues for the six months ended February 28, 2014 and 2013 were as follows (in thousands):

 

Six month ended   North America     Europe     Asia     South America     Total  
                               
February 28, 2014   $ 2,228     $ 1,968     $ 1,515     $ 11     $ 5,722  
February 28, 2013   $ 2,605     $ 1,775     $ 1,028     $     $ 5,408  

 

 

Note 9: EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

 

We maintain a 401(K) Plan for all eligible employees, and we make matching contributions equal to 100% of the employee’s elective deferral, not to exceed 4% of total employee compensation. We can also elect to make a profit-sharing contribution. Our contributions to this Plan amounted to $61,756 and $50,545 for the six months ended February 28, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $35,629 and $29,731 for the three months ended February 28, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

 

 

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis or Plan of Operations

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

This document and the documents incorporated in this document by reference contain forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this document and the materials accompanying this document are forward-looking statements.

 

The forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to our management. Frequently, but not always, forward-looking statements are identified by the use of the future tense and by words such as “believes,” expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “will,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “projects,” “continues,” “estimates” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results could differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

 

The forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by reference in this document are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) and are subject to the safe harbor created by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include declarations regarding our plans, intentions, beliefs or current expectations.

 

Among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements are the risks and uncertainties described under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report and elsewhere in this document and in our other filings with the SEC.

 

Forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. The forward-looking statements included in this document are made as of the date of this document and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect new information, subsequent events or otherwise.

 

General

 

BusinesS

 

Simulations Plus, Inc., incorporated in 1996, develops and produces software for use in pharmaceutical research and for education, as well as provides contract research services to the pharmaceutical industry.

 

We currently offer five software products for pharmaceutical research: ADMET Predictor™, MedChem Designer™, MedChem Studio™, DDDPlus™, and GastroPlus™. We call the combination of ADMET Predictor, MedChem Studio, and MedChem Designer our ADMET Design Suite™.

 

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ADMET Predictor™

 

ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) Predictor is a computer program that takes molecular structures as inputs and predicts over 140 different properties for them at the rate of over 100,000 compounds per hour on a fast laptop computer. This capability allows chemists to get estimates for a large number of important properties without the need to synthesize and test the molecules. ADMET Predictor has been consistently top-ranked for predictive accuracy in peer-reviewed, independent comparison studies, while generating its results at a very high throughput rate. Although the state-of-the-art of this type of software does not enable finding the best molecule in a series, it does allow identifying molecules that are highly likely to fail as potential drug candidates (the worst molecules, which is usually the majority of a chemical library) before synthesizing and testing them. Thus, millions of “virtual” compounds can be created and screened in a day, compared to potentially months or years of work to actually synthesize and test a much smaller number of actual compounds.

 

The ADMET Modeler™ subprogram that is integrated into ADMET Predictor enables scientists to use their own experimental data to quickly create high-quality, proprietary predictive models using the same powerful modeling methods we use to build our top-ranked property predictions. Pharmaceutical companies expend substantial time and money conducting a wide variety of experiments on new molecules each year, resulting in large databases of experimental data. Using this proprietary data to build predictive models can provide a second return on their investment; however, model building has traditionally been a difficult and tedious activity performed by specialists. The automation in ADMET Modeler makes it easy for a scientist to create very powerful models with a minimum of training.

 

We are now examining a very different application of this modeling engine – building predictive models for missile aerodynamic force coefficients as a function of missile geometry, Mach number, and angle of attack. This problem was identified by the Aerospace Engineering department at Auburn University, and working with them, we have done some preliminary testing of the modeling engine in ADMET Modeler for this type of problem. Results have been very encouraging, and we believe there are government agencies and industrial aerospace companies that will find such a capability to be highly useful. We have developed a prototype AEROModeler™ program to test this concept and to use as a demonstrator for proposal efforts to potential funding agencies. Our proposed joint scientific poster on this subject with Auburn University’s Aerospace Engineering Department was selected for presentation at the NSMMS/CRASTE (National Space and Missile Material Symposium/Commercial and Government Responsive Access to Space Technology Exchange) conference in Huntsville, Alabama in June 2014.

 

We have also begun a preliminary investigation of applying this powerful modeling engine to the analysis of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) data in cooperation with the MRI facility at Auburn University. This state-of-the-art facility has two MRIs – one a 3-Tesla machine and one a very powerful 7-Tesla machine, both built in the last few years. We are examining data from a series of subjects in four groups: healthy, PDD (Pervasive Developmental Disorder), ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), and Asperger’s Syndrome to determine whether we can discriminate between the groups from the MRI imaging data. This is a problem that has defied solution so far, so it is a speculative effort involving minimal resources to determine whether we can show proof-of-concept. Our ability to process the data is not in question; rather, we need to determine whether the data contains sufficient information to discriminate between the different groups. The amount of data is massive (“big data”), requiring us to modify our code to handle much larger data arrays than our previous applications have required. Our goal is to show the potential of our modeling technology to provide useful classification of a subject into one of the four groups based only on MRI imaging so that we could go to various agencies (such as the National Institutes of Health) to obtain funding to develop a commercial product.

 

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We released Version 6.5 of ADMET Predictor during last fiscal year. This version extended our metabolism predictions by training on a much larger experimental data set, and for the first time, provided specific metabolism rates for individual atoms within a molecule, rather than only for the molecule as a whole. These improvements are also available via MedChem Designer and MedChem Studio for customers who license ADMET Predictor. Version 6.5 also adds confidence levels to most of our toxicity models so that users have an idea of the reliability of each individual prediction.

 

After the end of this reporting period, we released version 7.0. This new version incorporates a new model for predicting ionization constants (pKa’s), developed in a collaboration with Bayer AG that enabled us to more than double the size of our data set from about 16,000 pKa values to more than 35,000, and to expand the chemical space it covers to include a larger number of molecules more like those of interest to the pharmaceutical industry today. We believe the resulting improvement in pKa prediction puts our already best-in-class model well in front of any competitor . Predicting ionization is critical to predicting most other properties, so all of our models (approximately 144) were retrained based on this new capability for version 7.0.

 

MedChem Designer™

 

MedChem Designer was launched in 2011. It was initially a molecule drawing program, or “sketcher”, but now has capabilities exceeding those of other molecule drawing programs because of its integration with both MedChem Studio and ADMET Predictor. We provide MedChem Designer for free because we believe that in the long run it will help to increase demand for ADMET Predictor and MedChem Studio, and because most other existing molecule drawing programs are also free. Our free version includes a small set of ADMET Predictor property predictions, allowing the chemist to modify molecular structures and then see a few key properties very quickly. The chemist also sees that with a paid ADMET Predictor license, the entire 140+ predictions would be available.

 

We released MedChem Designer 2.5 during FY2013. This version provided specific predicted atom locations for metabolism by each of the enzymes predicted to act upon a molecule.

 

When coupled with a license for ADMET Predictor, MedChem Designer becomes a de novo design tool for medicinal chemists. With it, they can draw one or more molecular structures, then click on the ADMET Predictor icon and have over 140 properties for each structure calculated in seconds, including our proprietary ADMET Risk™ index. Scientists can also click on an icon to generate the likely metabolites of a molecule and then predict all of the properties of those metabolites from ADMET Predictor, including their ADMET Risk scores. This is important because a metabolite of a molecule can be harmful even though the parent molecule is not.

 

ADMET Risk provides a single number that tells the chemist how many default threshold values for 24 predicted properties were crossed (or violated) by each structure. The rules can be modified and new rules added by the user to include any desired rule set based on any combination of calculated descriptors, predicted properties, and user inputs. Thus, in a single number, the chemist can instantly compare the effects of different structural changes in many dimensions. As chemists attempt to modify structures to improve one property, they often cause others to become unacceptable. Without ADMET Risk, the chemist would have to individually examine many key properties for each new molecule (and its metabolites) to check whether any of them became unacceptable as a result of changing the structure.

 

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We are now finalizing version 3.0 of MedChem Designer, which will add the ability to capture the image of a molecular structure from a variety of publication files with a new snapshot tool, and the program will automatically convert the graphic image into any of several computer-based chemical structure files. Converting from lines and letters on the screen to an exact chemical representation of the molecule (Optical Structure Recognition, or OSR) is a complex task. Although a few OSR programs are in existence, we are not aware of any that can accurately convert as many varieties of images to chemical representation as the OSR tool within the development version of MedChem Designer. Such a capability allows chemists to quickly capture molecular structures from the scientific literature to use in our simulation and modeling software.

 

MedChem Studio™

 

Over the past several years, MedChem Studio updates have resulted in a very powerful tool for medicinal and computational chemists for both data mining and for designing new drug-like molecules. We released version 3.5 of MedChem Designer during FY2013. The new features included such important items as:

 

A new licensing module from Flexera called FlexNet™

 

Improvements to graphics in structure depictions and the Miner 3D module

 

Faster performance on large data sets

 

A 64-bit version to deal with much larger data sets

 

User-defined equations to calculate new attributes by combining others

 

Enhanced Miner3D graphics with expanded assortment of chart types

 

While MedChem Designer can be used to refine a small number of molecules, MedChem Studio can be used to create and screen (with ADMET Predictor) a very large number of molecules down to a few promising lead candidates. MedChem Studio has features that enable it to generate new molecular structures using a variety of de novo design methods. Coupled with ADMET Predictor and MedChem Designer, we believe the programs provide an unmatched capability for chemists to search through large libraries of compounds that have undergone high-throughput screening experiments to find the most promising classes (groups of molecules with a large part of their structures the same) and molecules that are active against a particular target. In addition, MedChem Studio can take an interesting (but not acceptable) molecule and, using a variety of design algorithms, very quickly generate many thousands to millions of high quality analogs (similar new molecules). These molecules can then be screened using ADMET Predictor to find molecules that are both active against the target as well as acceptable in a variety of ADMET properties.

 

MedChem Studio version 4.0 is now in final development and is expected to be released shortly after the ADMET Predictor 7.0 release to allow for proper synchronization between the two programs. Current development has focused primarily on the OSR tool mentioned above under the MedChem Designer discussion.

 

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NCE Projects

 

During late 2012, based on our strong belief in the exceptional capabilities of our ADMET Design Suite (MedChem Studio/MedChem Designer/ADMET Predictor), we initiated a new molecule (NCE, or New Chemical Entity) design project. After considering various targets, we selected the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, both because of the unmet need for a very low-cost cure, and because we believed that external funding opportunities might exist if we were successful in generating high-quality lead compounds using our software. Our goal was to demonstrate how well the ADMET Design Suite worked to generate new lead molecules in a fraction of the time and cost normally required in the pharmaceutical industry. We completed the design process in September 2012 and we announced that we had requested quotations from chemical synthesis companies for the cost and time to make a small set of molecules. Five molecules of our own design and two precursors (almost the final designed structures, but a step away in synthesis) were synthesized and tested for inhibition of the parasite at the University of California at Riverside. We were hoping that at least one would show inhibition of the growth cycle of the parasite.

 

We were excited to learn that every molecule showed activity against the parasite at less than micromolar concentrations, with two showing activity at less than 100 nanomolar concentration (high potency) against the drug-sensitive strain of the parasite. They were then tested against the newer drug-resistant strain of the parasite, and again potency was observed, with two molecules showing nanomolar activity. We believe this exercise – a software company using its own products to design novel molecules and have them synthesized and tested – is unprecedented. New software license sales resulting from presenting our results have already more than recovered our investment.

 

During the previous reporting period, we announced that we had completed the design of a number of new molecules for a different target – the cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme that is the target for Celebrex®. Celebrex is the only COX-2 inhibitor remaining on the market, after the withdrawal of other approved drugs (such as Vioxx®) due to cardiac toxicity. It appears from the scientific research that was conducted after the withdrawal of other COX-2 inhibitors from the market that it is important to inhibit both COX-2 and COX-1 at a certain ratio in order to provide the benefits of COX-2 inhibition without the cardiotoxicity risk that has been associated with inhibiting COX-2 alone. We designed our new molecules based on activity models for both COX-2 and COX-1 built from public data, with the goal of providing an acceptable ratio of COX-2 to COX-1 inhibition. This is more challenging than designing for a single target, as we did for the earlier malaria NCE project. Results reported after the end of this reporting period showed that we were once again very successful, with all four molecules that were synthesized inhibiting both the COX-2 and COX-1 enzymes, and one of them providing the desired characteristic of higher affinity for COX-2 than COX-1. This is a remarkable achievement, and once again demonstrates that our ADMET Design Suite can save considerable time and money in developing new lead compounds for particular targets.

 

DDDPlus

 

DDDPlus simulates in vitro laboratory experiments used to measure the rate of dissolution of the drug and, if desired, the additives (excipients) contained in tablets and capsules under a variety of experimental conditions. This software program is used by formulation scientists in industry and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to (1) understand the physical mechanisms affecting the dissolution rate for various formulations, (2) reduce the number of cut-and-try attempts to design new drug formulations, and (3) to design in vitro dissolution experiments to better mimic in vivo conditions.

 

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GastroPlus

 

Our flagship product and largest source of revenues is GastroPlus. GastroPlus simulates the absorption, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of drugs administered to humans and animals, and is currently in widespread use at pharmaceutical companies, the FDA, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other government agencies in the U.S. and other countries. Because of the widespread use of GastroPlus, we were the only non-European company invited to join the European Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) program for Oral Bioavailability Tools (“OrBiTo”). OrBiTo is a collaboration among 27 industry, academic, and government organizations working in the area of oral absorption of pharmaceutical products. Because we are outside of Europe, our participation in this project is at our own expense, while other members are compensated for their work; however, we are a full member with access to all of the data and discussions of all other members. We believe participation in this initiative enables us to benefit from and to contribute to advancing the prediction of human oral absorption from preclinical data, and ensures that we are in front of the audience of member pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies.

 

Version 8.5 of GastroPlus was released during the current reporting period, adding a number of important new capabilities requested by customers as well as improvements we have identified in-house, including:

 

A new model for precipitation based on classical nucleation theory

 

Infant physiologies, including for babies born as much as 16 weeks premature

 

A unique method for using transporter data from preclinical experiments to predict transporter effects in human and other animals

 

A number of additional expression levels of enzymes and transporters in human and animal physiologies

 

An interim release (8.6) is planned for the very near future to enable certain customers to take advantage of a new physiological model for minipig, which has become a more frequently used animal species in preclinical development, and to add the ability to simulate populations within the Drug-drug interaction Module.

 

The next major release, version 9.0, is now well along in development. This version will add the ability to simulate dermal (through the skin) drug absorption from patches, creams, and ointments. This capability has been in development since May of 2012 through a funded collaboration with a top-5 pharmaceutical company, and is already in use at the customer’s sites at this time. A number of other improvements will be included in version 9.0 that will be announced with the release of the product.

 

MembranePlus™

 

MembranePlus is a new product that has been under development for a number of years, but was put on hold for several years due to other priorities. It was revived in the past year and is now nearing commercial release. Like DDDPlus, MembranePlus simulates laboratory experiments, but in this case, the experiments are for measuring permeability of drug-like molecules through various membranes, including several different cell cultures (Caco-2, MDCK) as well as artificially formulated membranes (PAMPA). The value of such a simulation results from the fact that when the permeabilities of the same molecules are measured in different laboratories, results are often strikingly different. These differences are caused by a complex interplay of factors in how the experiment was set up and run. MembranePlus simulates these experiments with their specific experimental details, and this enables the scientist to better interpret how results from specific experimental protocols can be used to predict permeability in human and animals, which is the ultimate goal. MembranePlus is unique and our customers have expressed significant interest in the new capability.

 

Priorities for developing material for our imminent training workshops required us to delay the development work on MembranePlus. We now plan to release version 1.0 of MembranePlus in the third fiscal quarter.

 

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Contract Research and Consulting Services

 

Our expertise in oral absorption and pharmacokinetics is evidenced by the fact that our staff members have been speakers or presenters at over 80 scientific meetings worldwide in the past four years. We frequently conduct contracted studies for large customers (including the largest five pharmaceutical companies) who have particularly difficult problems and who recognize our expertise in solving them, as well as for smaller customers who prefer to have studies run by our scientists rather than to license our software and train someone to use it. The demand for our consulting services has been steadily increasing, and we have expanded our Simulations Studies team to meet the increased workload. Long-term collaborations and shorter-term consulting contracts serve both to expand and showcase our technologies, and to build and strengthen customer relationships.

 

During the second quarter of fiscal year 2014 we continued to work on our 5-year Research Collaboration Agreement (RCA) with the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of the FDA. FDA scientists and our scientists are using ADMET Predictor/Modeler to build predictive models for likely toxicities of food additives and contaminants. During the first part of this collaboration, we analyzed FDA databases and worked with FDA scientists to ensure that the FDA data to be used for building new predictive models is as accurate as we can reasonably make it. Both FDA scientists and our scientists are building a series of models to classify new compounds as toxic or nontoxic from FDA datasets. Included early on in this effort was a special modification to ADMET Predictor to allow the user to set a minimum value for specificity or sensitivity when building a model, and this is now a standard part of the program available to all users. Sensitivity refers to how well a model identifies toxic (or any other property) compounds. A model that determined all compounds are toxic would have 100% sensitivity, because all toxic compounds would be labeled as such; however, all nontoxic compounds would also be labeled toxic. Specificity refers to how well a model distinguishes between toxic and nontoxic compounds. Increasing one usually results in decreasing the other. Depending on the purpose of the model, some scientists will prefer to train models that emphasize one statistic over the other.

 

After the end of this reporting period, we announced another five-year RCA, this time with the Office of Generic Drugs (OGD) within the FDA. This RCA is directed toward the FDA’s evaluation of mechanistic IVIVCs (in vitro-in vivo correlations), an approach to determine whether mechanistic absorption modeling (MAM) correlates laboratory ( in vitro ) dissolution experiments with the in vivo behavior of a dosage form better than traditional empirical methods. We have proposed this method for about 15 years and believe in it, so we are pleased to see the FDA giving it serious consideration with this RCA.

 

STRATEGY

 

Our business strategy is to do the things we need to do to promote growth both organically (by expanding our current products and services through in-house efforts) and by acquisition. We believe in the “Built to Last” approach - that the fundamental science and technologies that underlie our business units are the keys both to improving our existing products and to expanding the product line with new products that meet our various customers’ needs.

 

With our significant cash reserves, seeking suitable acquisitions is a priority. Because we have been unable to identify suitable acquisitions and our cash continues to accumulate, the board of directors declared a $0.05 per share per quarter cash dividend that began in February 2012 and was paid in May, August, and November 2012. The board declared an accelerated cash dividend consisting of the February, 2013 dividend of $0.05 per share per quarter plus $0.03 per share from each of the expected May, August, and November 2013 dividends of $0.05 per share per quarter for a total of $0.14 per share, which was distributed on December 28, 2012, in order to provide our shareholders with the income tax benefits from lower capital gains rates in 2012 over 2013. We declared a $.04 per share dividend in November 2013 and a $.05 per share dividend in February 2014. We anticipate the dividend to be $0.05 per share per quarter, however there can be no assurances that such dividends will be distributed, or if so, whether the amounts will be more, less, or the same as expected. The Board of Directors must approve each dividend distribution and may decide to increase, decrease, or eliminate dividend distributions at any time.

 

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Results of Operations

 

Comparison of Three Months Ended February 28, 2014 and 2013.

 

The following table sets forth our condensed statements of operations (in thousands) and the percentages that such items bear to net sales(because of rounding, numbers may not foot):

 

    Three Months Ended
    02/28/14   02/28/13
Net sales   $ 3,081     100.0%   $ 3,118     100.0%
Cost of sales     492     16.0     499     16.0
Gross profit     2,589     84.0     2,619     84.0
Selling, general and administrative     1,104     35.8     855     27.4
Research and development     354     11.5     248     7.9
Total operating expenses     1,458     47.3     1,103     35.3
Income from operations     1,144     36.7     1,517     48.7
Other income     12     0.4     55     1.8
Income from operations before taxes     1,144     37.1     1,572     50.4
(Provision for) income taxes     (334 )   (10.8)     (511 )   (16.0)
Net income   $ 810     26.3%   $ 1,062     34.0%

 

Net Sales

Net sales decreased $37,000, or 1.2%, to $3,081,000 in the second quarter of Fiscal Year 2014 (“2QFY14”) from $3,118,000 in the second fiscal quarter of Fiscal Year 2013 (“2QFY13)”. Although software sales to new customers were very strong during the quarter, these increases were not able to compensate for a major customer deciding to move a global renewal order that had been received in the second fiscal quarter last year to the third fiscal quarter this year in order to synchronize with their internal budget timelines. Analytical study revenues decreased by $112,000 during the quarter as a consulting study contract from another client was delayed by their legal review process. The total effect on revenues of the customer budget timing and the delay in the study contract totaled approximately $350,000.

 

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales decreased by $7,000, or 1.3%, to $492,000 in 2QFY14 from $499,000 in 2QFY13. As a percentage of revenue, remained constant at 16% in 2QFY14 and 2QFY13. A significant portion of cost of sales for pharmaceutical software products is the systematic amortization of capitalized software development costs. Amortization cost increased approximately $15,000, or 9%, in 2QFY14 compared with 2QFY13. Royalty expense, another significant portion of cost of sales, decreased approximately $30,000, or 13%, in 2QFY14 compared with 2QFY13. We pay a royalty on the core GastroPlus software licenses but not on its optional modules. We also pay royalties to Accelrys on a portion of the ADMET Predictor Metabolism Module. Workshop/Training costs increased by $23,000 as we did more workshop programs and more onsite training in 2QFY14 compare to 2QFY13.

 

21
 

 

Gross Profit

Gross profit decreased $7,000, or 0.7%, to $2,589,000 in 2QFY14 from $2,619,000 in 2QFY13. We attribute this decrease to the decreased revenues outweighing the decrease in cost of sales.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses increased $249,000, or 29.1%, to $1,104,000 in 2QFY14 from $855,000 in 2QFY13.

The major changes in SG&A expenses for 2QFY14 vs 2QFY13 were:

· Commission expense - increased by $36K, we incurred increased commissions to our Japanese and Chinese dealers as we recorded significantly increased sales in our Asian markets
· Marketing labor costs - increased by $24K, substantive employee time was incurred in conjunction with updating of training material, trade shows and visitation of our Asian dealers
· Travel expenses - increased $33K as the company strategically increased its presence at a number of trade shows and conferences in 2QFY14, in addition, a higher percentage of travel was at international destinations
· Consulting Fees - increased by $44K, we used consultants in 2QF14 for review of contracts and other corporate transactional issues
· Professional fees - increased by $29K, primarily due to costs associated with review of proxy issues and legal issues associated with the company’s amendment of its 2007 Stock Option Plan
· Salaries and wages - Increased $32K due to annual salary review increases and duplicated salaries associated with the transition of the company’s CFO.

 

Research and Development

We incurred approximately $714,000 of research and development costs during 2QFY14. Of this amount, $360,000 was capitalized and $354,000 was expensed. In 2QFY13, we incurred $568,000 of research and development costs, of which $320,000 was capitalized and $248,000 was expensed. The increase of $146,000, or 26%, in total research and development expenditures from 2QFY13 to 2QFY14 was due to an expansion of staff as well as increases in salaries and stock-based compensation increases for existing employees. In addition, the company incurred $26K of costs associated with its COX-2/COX-1 NCE initiative (see NCE discussion in Business section above).

 

Other income (expense)

Net other income in 2QFY14 decreased by $43,000, or 27.7%, to $12,000 in 2QFY14 from $55,000 in 2QFY13. This is due to lower interest income, and lower currency exchange gains in 2QFY14 compared with 2QFY13. In addition 2QFY14 did not include sub-lease income of $15K, which was included in 2QFY13.

 

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes decreased by $177,000, or 34.6%, to $334,000 in 2QFY14 from $510,000 in 2QFY13 due to decreased income before taxes. The Company’s effective tax rate was 29.2% and differs from statutory rates for the quarter mainly due to R&D tax credits recognized during the period.

 

Net Income

Net income decreased by $252,000, or 23.7%, to $810,000 in 2QFY14 from $1,061,000 in 2QFY13. We attribute this decrease to increased research and development costs and increased operating expenses.

 

22
 

 

Comparison of Six Months Ended February 28, 2014 and 2013.

 

The following table sets forth our condensed statements of operations (in thousands) and the percentages that such items bear to net sales(because of rounding, numbers may not foot):

 

    Six Months Ended
    02/28/14   02/28/13
Net sales   $ 5,722     100.0%   $ 5,408     100.0%
Cost of sales     941     16.4     885     16.3
Gross profit     4,782     83.6     4,523     83.6
Selling, general and administrative     2,175     38.0     1,786     33.0
Research and development     516     9.0     428     7.9
Total operating expenses     2,691     47.0     2,214     40.9
Income from operations     2,091     36.6     2,309     42.7
Other income     45     0.7     159     2.9
Income from operations before taxes     2,136     37.3     2,468     45.6
(Provision for) income taxes     (641 )   (11.2)     (819 )   (15.1)
Net income   $ 1,495     26.1%   $ 1,649     30.5%

 

Net Sales

Net sales increased $314,000 or 5.8%, to $5,722,000 in the first 6 months of fiscal 2014 (“6moFY14”) from $5,408,000 in the first 6 months of fiscal 2013 (“6moFY13)”. The increase in revenues is due to an approximately $512,000 increase in software sales. Service revenues, such as collaboration, analytical studies, and workshop/training activities decreased by $197,000.

 

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales increased by $56,000, or 6.2%, to $941,000 in 6moFY14 from $885,000 in 6moFY13. As a percentage of revenue, cost of sales in 6moFY14 was approximately the same as 6moFY13 increasing by 0.1% to 16.4%. A significant portion of cost of sales for pharmaceutical software products is the systematic amortization of capitalized software development costs. Amortization cost increased approximately $25,000, or 6.9%, in 6moFY14 compared with 6moFY13. Royalty expense, another significant portion of cost of sales, increased approximately $4,000, or 1.1%, in 6moFY14 compared with 6moFY13. We pay a royalty on the core GastroPlus software licenses but not on its optional modules. We also pay royalties to Accelrys on a portion of the ADMET Predictor Metabolism Module.

 

Gross Profit

Gross profit increased $259,000, or 5.7%, to $4,782,000 in 6moFY14 from $4,523,000 in 6moFY13. We attribute this increase to increased revenue outweighing increased cost of sales.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses increased $389,000, or 21.8%, to $2,175,000 in 6moFY14 from $1,786,000 in 6moFY13.

 

23
 

 

The major changes in SG&A expenses for 6moFY14 vs 6moFY13 were:

· Commission expense – increased by $66K, we incurred increased commissions to our Japanese and Chinese dealers as we recorded significantly increased sales in our Asian markets
· Marketing labor costs – increased by $21K, substantive employee time was incurred in conjunction with updating of training materials, trade shows and visitation of our Asian dealers
· Travel expenses - increased $49K as the company strategically increased its presence at a number of trade shows and conferences in 6moFY14. In addition, a higher percentage of travel was at international destinations
· Bonus expense - increased by $30K, due to the changes in 2014 compensation plan for the company’s Chief Executive Officer (see Notes to Financial statements above)
· Professional fees – increased by $29K, primarily due to costs associated with review of proxy issues and legal issues associated with the company’s amendment of its 2007 Stock Option Plan
· Investor relations – increased by $20K, this is due to a change in stock transfer agents which occurred in the 3 rd quarter of FY13
· Salaries and wages – increased $88K due to annual salary review increases and some duplicated salaries associated with the transition of the company’s CFO. In addition the Life Science staff spent more time on G&A activities in 6moFY14 compared to 6moFY13, resulting in more expense allocated to SG&A

 

Research and Development

We incurred approximately $1,250,000 of research and development costs during 6moFY14. Of this amount, $733,000 was capitalized and $516,000 was expensed. In 6moFY13 we incurred $1,010,000 of research and development costs, of which $582,000 was capitalized and $428,000 was expensed. The increase of $240,000, or 23.7%, in total research and development expenditures from 6moFY13 to 6moFY14 was due to expansion of staff and increases in salaries and stock based compensation for existing employees, in addition the company incurred $26K of costs associated with its NCE initiative (See NCE discussion in Business section above).

 

Other income (expense)

Net other income decreased by $114,000, or 71.7%, to $45,000 in 6moFY14 from $159,000 in 6moFY13. This is due to the lower interest income and lower currency exchange gain in 6moFY14 compared with 6moFY13. In addition 6moFY14 did not include any sub-lease income, while $31K was included in 6moFY13.

 

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes decreased by $178,000, or 21.7%, to $641,000 in 6moFY14 from $819,000 in 6moFY13 due to the decrease in income before taxes. The Company’s effective tax rate was 30% and differs from statutory rates for the quarter mainly due to R&D tax credits recognized during the period.

 

Income from Continuing Operations

Net income from continuing operations decreased by $154,000, or 9.3%, to $1,495,000 in 6moFY14 from $1,649,000 in 6moFY13. We attribute this decrease to increased research and development costs and increased operating expenses.

 

24
 

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Our principal sources of capital have been cash flows from our operations. We have achieved continuous positive operating cash flow over the last eight fiscal years. We believe that our existing capital and anticipated funds from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for the foreseeable future. Thereafter, if cash generated from operations is insufficient to satisfy our capital requirements, we may open a revolving line of credit with a bank, or we may have to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain expanded credit facilities. In the event such financing is needed in the future, there can be no assurance that such financing will be available to us, or, if available, that it will be in amounts and on terms acceptable to us. If cash flows from operations became insufficient to continue operations at the current level, and if no additional financing was obtained, then management would restructure the Company in a way to preserve its pharmaceutical business while maintaining expenses within operating cash flows.

 

 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 

Our risk from exposure to financial markets is limited to foreign exchange variances and fluctuations in interest rates. We may be subject to some foreign exchange risks. Most of our business transactions are in U.S. dollars, although we generate significant revenues from customers overseas. The exception is that we have been compensated in Japanese yen by Japanese customers and PRC Yuan by Chinese customers. In the future, if foreign currency transactions increase significantly, then we may mitigate this effect through foreign currency forward contracts whose market-to-market gains or losses are recorded in "Other Income or expense" at the time of the transaction. To date, exchange rate exposure has not resulted in a material impact.

 

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

 

We are responsible for maintaining disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

 

Based on management’s evaluation (with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer) of our disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

 

25
 

 

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Our internal controls over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of condensed financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

 

No changes were made in our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

 

Our management, including our CEO and CFO, does not expect that our disclosure controls or internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors or all instances of fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system's objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and any design may not succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitation of a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

 

 

 

 

26
 

Part II. Other Information

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings
   
  The Company is not a party to any legal proceedings and is not aware of any pending legal proceedings of any kind.
   
Item 1A. Risk Factors  
  Not applicable.
   
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
  None.
   
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
  None.
   
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
  Not applicable.
   
Item 5. Other Information
None.
   
Item 6. Exhibits

 

 

27
 

 

EXHIBIT

NUMBER

DESCRIPTION
   
3.1 Articles of Incorporation of the Company. (5)
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company. (5)
4.1 Articles of Incorporation of the Company. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 hereof)
4.2 Bylaws of the Company. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 hereof)
4.3 Form of Common Stock Certificate (1)
4.4 Share Exchange Agreement (1)
10.1 The Company’s 1996 Stock Option Plan (the “Option Plan”) and forms of agreements relating thereto (1)
10.2 Exclusive License Software Agreement by and between the Company and Therapeutic Systems Research Laboratories dated June 30, 1997. (2)
10.3 The Company’s 2007 Stock Option Plan. (3)
10.4 Notice of Election to Extend Term of Lease by and between the Company and Crest Development LLC formerly Freeway Ventures LLC, dated July 29, 2010.(4)
10.5 Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Walter S. Woltosz, dated as of July 22, 2011. (5) (†)
10.6 Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Walter S. Woltosz, dated as of August 22, 2013. (6) (†)
10.3 The Company’s Amended 2007 Stock Option Plan. (7).
31.1 Section 302 – Certification of the Principal Executive Officer. (7)
31.2 Section 302 – Certification of the Principal Financial Officer. (7)  
32.1 Section 906 – Certification of the Chief Executive Office and Chief Financial Officer.  (7)
101.INS XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

 

_______

(1) Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Registration No. 333-6680) filed on March 25, 1997.
(2) Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended August 31, 1997.
(3) Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2009.
(4) Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2010.
(5) Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2011.
(6) Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K filed September 22, 2011.
(7) Filed herewith

 

28
 

 

SIGNATURE

 

In accordance with Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Lancaster, State of California, on April 9, 2014.

 

 

  Simulations Plus, Inc.
   
Date:  April 9, 2014    By: /s/ John R Kneisel         
    John R. Kneisel
    Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

29

Exhibit 10.3

 

 

Simulations Plus, Inc.

 

2007 STOCK OPTION PLAN

 

(Effective as of February 23, 2007)

 

(Amended December 6, 2013)

 

 

 

 

1
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

    Page
   
ARTICLE 1 PURPOSE OF THE PLAN 1
  1
ARTICLE 2 DEFINITIONS 1
2.1 “Administrator 1
2.2 “Affiliate 1
2.3 “Applicable Laws 1
2.4 “Award 1
2.5 “Award Agreement 1
2.6 “Awarded Stock 1
2.7 “Beneficially Owned” and “Beneficial Ownership 1
2.8 “Board 2
2.9 “Change in Control 2
2.10 “Code 2
2.11 “Committee 2
2.12 “Common Stock 2
2.13 “Consultant 3
2.14 “Corporation 3
2.15 “Director 3
2.16 “Disability 3
2.17 “Effective Date 3
2.18 “Employee 3
2.19 “Exchange Act 3
2.20 “Exchange Program 3
2.21 “Fair Market Value 3
2.22 “Fiscal Year 4
2.23 “Incentive Stock Option 4
2.24 “Non-Qualified Stock Option 4
2.25 “Officer 4
2.26 “Option 4
2.27 “Other Stock Based Awards 4
2.28 “Outside Director 4
2.29 “Participant 4
2.30 “Performance Share 4
2.31 “Performance Unit 4
2.32 “Period of Restriction 4
2.33 “Plan 5
2.34 “Restricted Stock 5
2.35 “Restricted Stock Unit 5
2.36 “Rule 16b-3 5
2.37 “Section 16(b) 5
2.38 “Service Provider 5
2.39 “Share 5
2.40 “Stock Appreciation Right” or “SAR 5
2.41 “Unrestricted Stock 5

 

2
 

 

 

ARTICLE 3 PLAN ADMINISTRATION 5
3.1 Procedure. 5
3.2 Powers of the Administrator 6
3.3 Effect of Administrator’s Decision 7
     
ARTICLE 4 STOCK SUBJECT TO THE PLAN 7
4.1 Stock Subject to the Plan 7
4.2 Lapsed Awards 8
4.3 Adjustments for Changes in Capitalization and Similar Events 8
4.4 Substitute Awards 9
     
ARTICLE 5 PARTICIPATION 9
5.1 Eligibility 9
5.2 Termination of Participation 9
     
ARTICLE 6 STOCK OPTIONS 9
6.1 Option Grant 9
6.2 Exercise Price 10
6.3 Waiting Period and Exercise Dates 10
6.4 Exercise of Option. 10
6.5 Form of Consideration 12
6.6 Promissory Note 12
     
ARTICLE 7 RESTRICTED STOCK 13
7.1 Grant of Restricted Stock 13
7.2 Restricted Stock Agreement 13
7.3 Transferability 13
7.4 Other Restrictions 13
7.5 Removal of Restrictions 13
7.6 Voting Rights 13
7.7 Dividends and Other Distributions 13
7.8 Return of Restricted Stock to Corporation 13
     
ARTICLE 8 UNRESTRICTED STOCK 14
   
ARTICLE 9 STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS 14
9.1 Grant of SARs 14
9.2 Number of Shares 14
9.3 Exercise Price and Other Terms 14
9.4 SAR Agreement 14
9.5 Expiration of SARs 14
9.6 Payment of SAR Amount 14
9.7 Buyout Provisions 14
     
ARTICLE 10 PERFORMANCE UNITS AND PERFORMANCE SHARES 14
10.1 Grant of Performance Units/Shares 14
10.2 Value of Performance Units/Shares 15
10.3 Performance Objectives and Other Terms 15
10.4 Earning of Performance Units/Shares 15
10.5 Form and Timing for Payment of Performance Units/Shares 15
10.6 Cancellation of Performance Units/Shares 15

 

3
 

 

 

ARTICLE 11 RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS 15
   
ARTICLE 12 OTHER STOCK BASED AWARDS 15
   
ARTICLE 13 DISSOLUTION OR LIQUIDATION; OR CHANGE IN CONTROL 16
13.1 Dissolution or Liquidation 16
13.2 Change in Control. 16
     
ARTICLE 14 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 18
14.1 No Uniform Rights to Awards 18
14.2 Share Certificates 18
14.3 No Rights as a Service Provider 18
14.4 No Rights as Shareholder 18
14.5 No Trust or Fund Created 18
14.6 No Fractional Shares 18
14.7 Requirement of Consent and Notification of Election Under Code § 83(b) or Similar Provision 18
14.8 Requirement of Notification Upon Disqualifying Disposition Under Code § 421(b) 19
14.9 Leaves of Absence 19
14.10 Notices 19
14.11 Non-Transferability of Awards 19
14.12 Date of Grant 19
14.13 Amendment and Termination of Plan. 19
14.14 Conditions Upon Issuance of Shares. 20
14.15 Severability 20
14.16 Inability to Obtain Authority 20
14.17 Shareholder Approval 20
14.18 Governing Law 21

 

 

4
 

Simulations Plus, Inc.

 

2007 STOCK OPTION PLAN

 

ARTICLE 1
PURPOSE OF THE PLAN

 

The purpose of this Simulations Plus, Inc. 2007 Stock Option Plan is to promote the interests of Simulations Plus, Inc. and its shareholders by: (i) attracting and retaining exceptional Directors, Employees and Consultants (including prospective Directors, Employees and Consultants) of the Corporation, and (ii) enabling such individuals to participate in the long-term growth and financial success of the Corporation.

 

Accordingly, the Plan provides for the granting of Incentive Stock Options, Non-Qualified Stock Options, Restricted Stock Awards, Unrestricted Stock Awards, Restricted Stock Units, Stock Appreciation Rights, Performance Unit Awards, Performance Share Awards, and Other Stock Based Awards.

 

ARTICLE 2
DEFINITIONS

 

2.1             “Administrator” means the Board, the Committee, or any Officer or Employee of the Corporation to whom the Board or the Committee has delegated authority to administer the Plan.

 

2.2             “Affiliate” means a “parent” or “subsidiary” corporation as defined in Code §§ 424(e) and (f), or that the Board has designated as participating in the Plan.

 

2.3             “Applicable Laws” means the requirements relating to the administration of equity-based awards or equity compensation plans under U.S. federal and state laws, the Code, any stock exchange or quotation system on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted, and the applicable laws of any foreign country or jurisdiction where Awards are, or will be, granted under the Plan.

 

2.4             “Award” means, individually or collectively, a grant under the Plan of Incentive Stock Options, Non-Qualified Stock Options, Restricted Stock Awards, Unrestricted Stock Awards, Restricted Stock Units, Stock Appreciation Rights, Performance Unit Awards, Performance Share Awards or Other Stock Based Awards.

 

2.5             “Award Agreement” means the written or electronic agreement setting forth the terms and provisions applicable to each Award granted under the Plan. The Award Agreement is subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.

 

2.6             “Awarded Stock” means the Common Stock subject to an Award.

 

2.7             “Beneficially Owned” and “Beneficial Ownership” means as set forth in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act, provided that the exercise of voting rights by a nominee or proxy holder of the Board in connection with a meeting or proposed action by shareholders of the Corporation shall not be deemed to constitute such ownership and any ownership or voting power of the trustee under an employee benefit plan of the Corporation shall not be deemed to constitute such ownership.

 

5
 

 

2.8             “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

 

2.9             “Change in Control” means, unless otherwise defined under Code § 409A and reflected in the Award Agreement, the occurrence of any of the following events:

 

(a)              the shareholders of the Corporation approve a merger or consolidation of the Corporation with any other entity such that after the transaction more than 50% of the outstanding “Voting Securities” (defined as securities the holders of which are entitled to vote for the election of Directors) of the surviving entity would be Beneficially Owned by “Persons” (as such term is used in §§ 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) who did not Beneficially Own “Voting Securities” of the Corporation prior to the transaction;

 

(b)             Directors who were members of the Board immediately prior to a meeting of the shareholders of the Corporation which meeting involves a contest for the election of at least one directorship, do not constitute at least a majority of the Directors following such meeting or election;

 

(c)              an acquisition, directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of any class of “Voting Securities” of the Corporation by any “Person;”

 

(d)             the shareholders of the Corporation approve a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation or the liquidation of the Corporation; OR

 

(e)              there is a change, during any period of two consecutive years or less of a majority of the Board as constituted as of the beginning of such period, unless the election of each Director who is not a Director at the beginning of such period was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the Directors then in office who were Directors at the beginning of the period.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Change in Control shall not be deemed to have occurred in the event the Corporation forms a holding company as a result of which the holders of the Corporation’s “Voting Securities” immediately prior to the transaction, hold, in approximately the same relative proportions as they held prior to the transaction, substantially all of the “Voting Securities” of a holding company owning all of the Corporation’s “Voting Securities” after the completion of the transaction.

 

2.10          “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder. Any reference to a section of the Code herein will be a reference to any successor or amended section of the Code.

 

2.11          “Committee” means a committee of Directors or other individuals satisfying Applicable Laws and appointed by the Board in accordance with Article 3 of the Plan. If the Committee is comprised of two Directors, both Directors shall be “non-employee directors” as that term is defined in Rule 16b-3.

 

2.12          “Common Stock” means the Common Stock of the Corporation, or in the case of Awards not based on Shares, the cash equivalent thereof.

 

6
 

 

2.13          “Consultant” means any person, including an advisor, engaged by the Corporation or an Affiliate to render services to such entity.

 

2.14          “Corporation” means Simulations Plus, Inc., a California corporation.

 

2.15          “Director” means a member of the Board.

 

2.16          “Disability” means, unless otherwise defined under Code § 409A and reflected in the Award Agreement, total and permanent disability as defined in Code § 22(e)(3), provided that in the case of Awards other than Incentive Stock Options, the Administrator in its discretion may determine whether a permanent and total disability exists in accordance with uniform and non-discriminatory standards adopted by the Administrator from time to time.

 

2.17          “Effective Date” means as of February 23, 2007, provided that the Plan as amended and restated is approved by the shareholders of the Corporation on or within 12 months of such date.

 

2.18          “Employee” means any person, including Officers and Directors, employed by the Corporation or an Affiliate. Neither service as a Director nor payment of a director’s fee by the Corporation will be sufficient to constitute “employment” by the Corporation.

 

2.19          “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

2.20          “Exchange Program” means a program under which (i) outstanding Awards are surrendered or cancelled in exchange for Awards of the same type (which may have lower exercise prices and different terms), Awards of a different type, and/or cash; or (ii) the exercise price of an outstanding Award is reduced. The terms and conditions of any Exchange Program will be determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion.

 

2.21          “Fair Market Value” means, as of any date and unless the Administrator determines otherwise, the value of Common Stock determined as follows:

 

(a)              If the Common Stock is listed on any established stock exchange or a national market system, including without limitation the American Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ National Market or the NASDAQ SmallCap Market of the NASDAQ Stock Market, its Fair Market Value will be the closing sales price for such stock (or the closing bid, if no sales were reported) as quoted on such exchange or system for the day of determination, as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Administrator deems reliable;

 

(b)             If the Common Stock is regularly quoted by a recognized securities dealer but selling prices are not reported, the Fair Market Value of a Share of Common Stock will be the mean between the high bid and low asked prices for the Common Stock for the day of determination, as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Administrator deems reliable; or

 

(c)              In the absence of an established market for the Common Stock, the Fair Market Value will be determined in good faith by the Administrator.

 

7
 

 

Notwithstanding the preceding, for federal, state, and local income tax reporting purposes and for such other purposes as the Administrator deems appropriate, the Fair Market Value shall be determined by the Administrator in accordance with uniform and nondiscriminatory standards adopted by it from time to time.

 

2.22          “Fiscal Year” means the fiscal year of the Corporation.

 

2.23          “Incentive Stock Option” means an Option intended to qualify as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Code § 422 and the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

2.24          “Non-Qualified Stock Option” means an Option that by its terms does not qualify or is not intended to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option.

 

2.25          “Officer” means a person who is an officer of the Corporation within the meaning of § 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

2.26          “Option” means an Incentive Stock Option or a Non-Qualified Stock Option or both, as the context requires.

 

2.27          “Other Stock Based Awards” means any other awards not specifically described in the Plan that are valued in whole or in part by reference to, or are otherwise based on, Shares and are created by the Administrator pursuant to Article 12.

 

2.28          “Outside Director” means a Director who either: (i) is not a current Employee of the Corporation or an “affiliated corporation” (within the meaning of the Treasury regulations promulgated under Code § 162(m)), is not a former employee of the Corporation or an “affiliated corporation” receiving compensation for prior services (other than benefits under a tax qualified retirement plan), was not an officer of the Corporation or an “affiliated corporation” at any time, and is not currently receiving direct or indirect remuneration (within the meaning of the Treasury regulations promulgated under Code § 162(m)) from the Corporation or an “affiliated corporation” for services in any capacity other than as a Director; or (ii) is otherwise considered an “outside director” for purposes of Code § 162(m).

 

2.29          “Participant” means the holder of an outstanding Award granted under the Plan.

 

2.30          “Performance Share” means, pursuant to Article 10, an Award granted to a Service Provider under which, upon the satisfaction of predetermined individual or Corporation performance goals and/or objectives, shares of Common Stock are paid to the Participant.

 

2.31          “Performance Unit” means, pursuant to Article 10, an Award granted to a Service Provider under which, upon the satisfaction of predetermined individual or Corporation performance goals and/or objectives, a cash payment shall be paid to the Participant based on the number of “units” awarded to the Participant. For this purpose, the term “unit” means bookkeeping units, each of which represents such monetary amount as shall be designated by the Administrator in each Award Agreement.

 

2.32          “Period of Restriction” means the period during which the transfer of Shares of Restricted Stock are subject to restrictions. Such restrictions may be based on the passage of time, the achievement of target levels of performance, or the occurrence of other events as determined by the Administrator.

 

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2.33          “Plan” means this Simulations Plus, Inc. 2007 Stock Option Plan, as amended from time to time.

 

2.34          “Restricted Stock” means shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to a Restricted Stock Award under the Plan or issued pursuant to the early exercise of an Option.

 

2.35          “Restricted Stock Unit” means an Award that the Administrator permits to be paid in installments or on a deferred basis, and that represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to deliver Shares, cash, other securities, other Awards or other property in accordance with the terms of the applicable Award Agreement.

 

2.36          “Rule 16b-3” means Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act or any successor to Rule 16b-3, as in effect when discretion is being exercised with respect to the Plan.

 

2.37          “Section 16(b)” means Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act.

 

2.38          “Service Provider” means an Employee, Director or Consultant.

 

2.39          “Share” means a share of the Common Stock, as adjusted in accordance with Section 4.3 and Article 13 of the Plan.

 

2.40          “Stock Appreciation Right” or “SAR” means an Award that is designated as a SAR, and represents an unfunded and unsecured promise to deliver Shares, cash, other securities, other Awards or other property equal in value to the excess, if any, of the Fair Market Value per Share over the exercise price per Share of the SAR, subject to the terms of the applicable Award Agreement.

 

2.41          “Unrestricted Stock” means as defined in Article 8 of the Plan.

 

ARTICLE 3
PLAN ADMINISTRATION

 

3.1             Procedure .

 

(a)              Board’s Delegation. The Board may delegate administration of the Plan to a Committee(s). If administration is delegated to a Committee, the Committee shall have, in connection with the administration of the Plan, the powers possessed by the Board, subject, however, to such resolutions, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Plan, as may be adopted from time to time by the Board. The Board may abolish the Committee at any time and revest in the Board the administration of the Plan. Different Committees with respect to different groups of Service Providers may administer the Plan.

 

(b)             Code § 162(m). To the extent that the Administrator determines it to be desirable and necessary to qualify Awards granted hereunder as “performance-based compensation” within the meaning of Code § 162(m), the Plan will be administered by a Committee of two or more Outside Directors.

 

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(c)              Rule 16b-3. To the extent desirable to qualify transactions hereunder as exempt under Rule 16b-3, the transactions contemplated hereunder will be structured to satisfy the requirements for exemption under Rule 16b-3.

 

(d)             Other Administration. Other than as provided above, the Plan will be administered by: (i) the Board, or (ii) a Committee, which committee will be constituted to satisfy Applicable Laws.

 

(e)              Delegation of Authority for Day-to-Day Administration. Except to the extent prohibited by Applicable Law, the Administrator may delegate to one or more individuals the day-to-day administration of the Plan and any of the functions assigned to it in this Plan. Such delegation may be revoked at any time.

 

3.2             Powers of the Administrator . Subject to the provisions of the Plan, and in the case of a Committee, subject to the specific duties delegated by the Board to such Committee, the Administrator will have the authority, in its discretion:

 

(a)              To determine the Fair Market Value.

 

(b)             To select the Service Providers to whom Awards may be granted hereunder.

 

(c)              To determine the number of Shares to be covered by each Award granted hereunder.

 

(d)             To approve forms of agreement for use under the Plan.

 

(e)              To determine the terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, of any Award granted hereunder. Such terms and conditions include, but are not limited to, the exercise price, the time or times when Awards may be exercised (which may be based on performance criteria), any vesting acceleration or waiver of forfeiture or repurchase restrictions, and any restriction or limitation regarding any Award or the Shares relating thereto, based in each case on such factors as the Administrator will determine in its sole discretion.

 

(f)              To reduce the exercise price of any Award to the then current Fair Market Value if the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock covered by such Award shall have declined since the date the Award was granted.

 

(g)             To institute an Exchange Program.

 

(h)             To construe and interpret the terms of the Plan and Awards granted pursuant to the Plan, and to establish, amend and revoke rules and regulations for its administration.

 

(i)               To prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan, including rules and regulations relating to sub-plans established for the purpose of satisfying applicable foreign laws and/or qualifying for preferred tax treatment under applicable foreign tax laws.

 

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(j)               To modify or amend each Award (subject to Section 14.13(c) of the Plan), including the discretionary authority to extend the post-termination exercise period of Awards longer than is otherwise provided for in the Plan.

 

(k)             To allow Participants to satisfy withholding tax obligations by electing to have the Corporation withhold from the Shares or cash to be issued upon exercise or vesting of an Award that number of Shares or cash having a Fair Market Value equal to the minimum amount required to be withheld. The Fair Market Value of any Shares to be withheld will be determined on the date that the amount of tax to be withheld is to be determined. All elections by a Participant to have Shares or cash withheld for this purpose will be made in such form and under such conditions as the Administrator may deem necessary or advisable.

 

(l)               To authorize any person to execute on behalf of the Corporation any instrument required to affect the grant of an Award previously granted by the Administrator.

 

(m)           To allow a Participant to defer the receipt of the payment of cash or the delivery of Shares that would otherwise be due to such Participant under an Award.

 

(n)             To determine whether Awards will be settled in Shares, cash or in any combination thereof.

 

(o)             To create Other Stock Based Awards for issuance under the Plan.

 

(p)             To establish a program whereby Service Providers designated by the Administrator can reduce compensation otherwise payable in cash in exchange for Awards under the Plan.

 

(q)             To impose such restrictions, conditions or limitations as it determines appropriate as to the timing and manner of any resales by a Participant or other subsequent transfers by the Participant of any Shares issued as a result of or under an Award, including without limitation, (i) restrictions under an insider trading policy, and (ii) restrictions as to the use of a specified brokerage firm for such resales or other transfers. AND

 

(r)              To make all other determinations deemed necessary or advisable for administering the Plan.

 

3.3             Effect of Administrator’s Decision . The Administrator’s decisions, determinations and interpretations will be final and binding on all Participants and any other holders of Awards.

 

ARTICLE 4
STOCK SUBJECT TO THE PLAN

 

4.1             Stock Subject to the Plan . Subject to the provisions of this Article 4 and Article 13 of the Plan, the maximum aggregate number of Shares that may be issued under the Plan is 2,000,000, of which the maximum number of Shares that may be delivered pursuant to Incentive Stock Options granted under the Plan shall be 2,000,000. The Shares may be authorized and unissued, or reacquired Common Stock. Shares shall not be deemed to have been issued pursuant to the Plan with respect to any portion of an Award that is paid in cash. Upon payment in Shares pursuant to the exercise of an Award, the number of Shares available for issuance under the Plan shall be reduced only by the number of Shares actually issued in such payment. If a Participant pays the exercise price (or purchase price, if applicable) of an Award through the tender of Shares, or if Shares are tendered or withheld to satisfy any Corporation withholding obligations, the number of Shares so tendered or withheld shall again be available for issuance pursuant to future Awards under the Plan.

 

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4.2             Lapsed Awards . If any outstanding Award expires or is terminated or canceled without having been exercised or settled in full, or if Shares acquired pursuant to an Award subject to forfeiture or repurchase are forfeited or repurchased by the Corporation, the Shares allocable to the terminated portion of such Award or such forfeited or repurchased Shares shall again be available for grant under the Plan.

 

4.3             Adjustments for Changes in Capitalization and Similar Events . In the event that any dividend or other distribution (whether in the form of cash, Shares, other securities or other property), recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, change in corporate structure or other transaction not involving the receipt of consideration by the Company, then the Administrator shall:

 

(a)              appropriately adjust any or all of (i) the number of Shares or other securities of the Company (or number and kind of other securities or property) with respect to which Awards may be granted, including (1) the aggregate number of Shares that may be delivered pursuant to Awards granted under the Plan, and the maximum number of Shares that may be delivered pursuant to Incentive Stock Options granted under the Plan, as provided in Section 4.1 of the Plan, and (2) the maximum number of Shares or other securities of the Company (or number and kind of other securities or property) with respect to which Awards may be granted to any Participant in any fiscal year of the Company, and (ii) the terms of any outstanding Award, including (1) the number of Shares or other securities of the Company (or number and kind of other securities or property) subject to outstanding Awards or to which outstanding Awards relate, and (2) the exercise price with respect to outstanding Awards; OR

 

(b)             if required under the terms of an Award, make provision for a cash payment to the holder of an outstanding Award in consideration for the cancellation of such Award, including, in the case of an outstanding Option or SAR, a cash payment to the holder of such Option or SAR in consideration for the cancellation of such Option or SAR in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the Fair Market Value (as of a date specified by the Administrator) of the Shares subject to such Option or SAR over the aggregate exercise price of such Option or SAR (it being understood that, in such event, any Option or SAR having a per Share exercise price equal to, or in excess of, the Fair Market Value of a Share subject to such Option or SAR may be cancelled and terminated without any payment or consideration therefore).

 

Such adjustments made by the Administrator shall be final, binding and conclusive. Any Shares issuable as a result of any such adjustment shall be rounded to the next lower whole Share; no fractional Shares shall be issued. At all times the conversion of any convertible securities of the Company shall not be treated as a “transaction not involving the receipt of consideration by the Company.”

 

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4.4             Substitute Awards . Awards may, in the discretion of the Administrator, be granted under the Plan in assumption of, or in substitution for, outstanding awards previously granted by the Corporation and any Affiliate or a company acquired by the Corporation or with which the Corporation combines (“Substitute Awards”). The number of Shares underlying any Substitute Awards shall be counted against the aggregate number of Shares available for Awards under the Plan; provided, however, that Substitute Awards issued in connection with the assumption of, or in substitution for, outstanding awards previously granted by an entity that is acquired by the Corporation or its Affiliate through a merger or acquisition shall not be counted against the aggregate number of Shares available for Awards under the Plan; provided further, however, that Substitute Awards issued in connection with the assumption of, or in substitution for, outstanding stock options intended to qualify for special tax treatment under Code §§ 421 and 422 that were previously granted by an entity that is acquired by the Corporation or an Affiliate through a merger or acquisition shall be counted against the aggregate number of Shares available for Incentive Stock Options under the Plan.

 

ARTICLE 5
PARTICIPATION

 

5.1             Eligibility . Any Director, Employee or Consultant (including any prospective Director, Employee or Consultant) of the Corporation and any Affiliate shall be eligible to be designated a Participant in the Plan for purposes of receiving Awards. However, Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to Employees.

 

5.2             Termination of Participation . If a Participant is no longer a Service Provider due to a termination for “Cause,” then all Awards granted to the Participant shall expire upon the earlier of: (i) the date of the occurrence giving rise to such termination, or (ii) the natural expiration of the Award according to its underlying terms. Thereafter, the Participant shall have no rights with respect to any Awards under the Plan.

 

(a)              Defining “Cause.” For purposes of the Plan, “Cause” shall mean a Participant’s personal dishonesty; misconduct; breach of fiduciary duty; incompetence; intentional failure to perform stated obligations; willful violation of any law, rule, regulation or final cease and desist order; or any material breach of any provision of this Plan, Award Agreement, or any employment agreement.

 

ARTICLE 6
STOCK OPTIONS

6.1             Option Grant . Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Administrator shall have sole and plenary authority to determine the Participants to whom Options shall be granted, the number of Shares to be covered by each Option, whether the Option will be an Incentive Stock Option or a Non-Qualified Stock Option and the conditions and limitations applicable to the vesting and exercise of the Option. However, no Participant shall be granted more than 50,000 Options in any calendar year. In the case of Incentive Stock Options, the terms and conditions of such grants shall be subject to and comply with such rules as may be prescribed by Code § 422 and any regulations related thereto, as may be amended from time to time. All Options granted under the Plan shall be Non-Qualified Stock Options unless the applicable Award Agreement expressly states that the Option is intended to be an Incentive Stock Option. If an Option is intended to be an Incentive Stock Option, and if for any reason such Option (or any portion thereof) shall not qualify as an Incentive Stock Option, then, to the extent of such non-qualification, such Option (or portion thereof) shall be regarded as a Non-Qualified Stock Option appropriately granted under the Plan, provided that such Option (or portion thereof) otherwise complies with the Plan’s requirements relating to Non-Qualified Stock Options.

 

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(a)              Term of Option. The term of each Option will be stated in the Award Agreement. In the case of an Incentive Stock Option, the term will be 10 years from the date of grant or such shorter term as may be provided in the Award Agreement. Moreover, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a Participant who, at the time the Incentive Stock Option is granted, owns stock representing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Corporation or any Affiliate, the term of the Incentive Stock Option will be five years from the date of grant or such shorter term as may be provided in the Award Agreement.

 

(b)             $100,000 Limitation for Incentive Stock Options. Each Option will be designated in the Award Agreement as either an Incentive Stock Option or a Non-Qualified Stock Option. However, notwithstanding such designation, to the extent the aggregate Fair Market Value of the Shares with respect to which Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time by the Participant during any calendar year (under all plans of the Corporation and any Affiliate) exceeds $100,000, such Options will be treated as Non-Qualified Stock Options. For purposes of this Section 6.1(b), Incentive Stock Options will be taken into account in the order in which they were granted. The Fair Market Value of the Shares will be determined as of the time the Option with respect to such Shares is granted.

 

6.2             Exercise Price . Except as otherwise established by the Administrator at the time an Option is granted and set forth in the applicable Award Agreement, the exercise price of each Share covered by an Option shall be not less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of such Share (determined as of the date the Option is granted); provided, however, that in the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to an Employee who, at the time of the grant of such Option, owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Corporation and any Affiliate, the per Share exercise price shall be no less than 110% of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of the grant. Options are intended to qualify as “qualified performance-based compensation” under Code § 162(m).

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, Options may be granted with an exercise price of less than 100% of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant if such Option is granted pursuant to an assumption or substitution for another option in a manner satisfying the provisions of Code § 424(a) (involving a corporate reorganization).

 

6.3             Waiting Period and Exercise Dates . At the time an Option is granted, the Administrator will fix the period within which the Option may be exercised and will determine any conditions that must be satisfied before the Option may be exercised.

 

6.4             Exercise of Option .

 

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(a)              Procedure for Exercise; Rights as a Shareholder. Any Option granted hereunder will be exercisable according to the terms of the Plan and at such times and under such conditions as determined by the Administrator and set forth in the Award Agreement. An Option may not be exercised for a fraction of a Share.

 

An Option will be deemed exercised when the Corporation receives: (i) written or electronic notice of exercise (in accordance with the Award Agreement) from the person entitled to exercise the Option, and (ii) full payment for the Shares with respect to which the Option is exercised. Full payment may consist of any consideration and method of payment authorized by the Administrator and permitted by the Award Agreement and the Plan. Shares issued upon exercise of an Option will be issued in the name of the Participant or, if requested by the Participant, in the name of the Participant and his or her spouse. Until the Shares are issued (as evidenced by the appropriate entry on the books of the Corporation or of a duly authorized transfer agent of the Corporation), no right to vote or receive dividends or any other rights as a shareholder will exist with respect to the Awarded Stock, notwithstanding the exercise of the Option. The Corporation will issue (or cause to be issued) such Shares promptly after the Option is exercised. No adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is prior to the date the Shares are issued, except as provided in Articles 4 and 13 of the Plan or the applicable Award Agreement.

 

Exercising an Option in any manner will decrease the number of Shares thereafter available for sale under the Option, by the number of Shares as to which the Option is exercised.

 

(b)             Termination of Relationship as Service Provider. If a Participant ceases to be a Service Provider, other than upon the Participant’s death or Disability, the Participant may exercise his or her Option within such period of time as is specified in the Award Agreement to the extent that the Option is vested on the date of termination (but in no event later than the expiration of the term of such Option as set forth in the Award Agreement). In the absence of a specified time in the Award Agreement, the Option will remain exercisable for three months following the Participant’s termination.

 

(c)              Disability of Participant. If a Participant ceases to be a Service Provider as a result of the Participant’s Disability, the Participant may exercise his or her Option within such period of time as is specified in the Award Agreement to the extent the Option is vested on the date of termination (but in no event later than the expiration of the term of such Option as set forth in the Award Agreement). In the absence of a specified time in the Award Agreement, the Option will remain exercisable for 12 months following the Participant’s termination.

 

(d)             Death of Participant. If a Participant dies while a Service Provider, the Option may be exercised following the Participant’s death within such period of time as is specified in the Award Agreement to the extent that the Option is vested on the date of death (but in no event may the option be exercised later than the expiration of the term of such Option as set forth in the Award Agreement), by the Participant’s designated beneficiary, provided such beneficiary has been designated prior to Participant’s death in a form acceptable to the Administrator. If no such beneficiary has been designated by the Participant, then such Option may be exercised by the personal representative of the Participant’s estate or by the person(s) to whom the Option is transferred pursuant to the Participant’s will or in accordance with the laws of descent and distribution. In the absence of a specified time in the Award Agreement, the Option will remain exercisable for 12 months following Participant’s death.

 

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(e)              Buyout Provisions. The Administrator may at any time offer to buy out for a payment in cash or Shares an Option previously granted based on such terms and conditions as the Administrator shall establish and communicate to the Participant at the time that such offer is made.

 

(f)              Reversion to Plan. Unless otherwise provided by the Administrator, if on the date of termination, Disability or death as provided in Sections 6.4(b), (c), and (d) of the Plan, Participant is not vested as to his or her entire Option, the Shares covered by the unvested portion of the Option will immediately revert to the Plan following the Participant’s termination, Disability or death. If the Option is not so exercised within the time specified herein, the Option will terminate, and the Shares covered by such Option will revert to the Plan.

 

6.5             Form of Consideration . The Administrator will determine the acceptable form of consideration for exercising an Option, including the method of payment. In the case of an Incentive Stock Option, the Administrator will determine the acceptable form of consideration at the time of grant. To the extent permitted by Applicable Laws, consideration may consist entirely of:

 

(a)              cash;

 

(b)             check;

 

(c)              promissory note (subject to Section 6.6);

 

(d)             other Shares which meet the conditions established by the Administrator to avoid adverse accounting consequences (as determined by the Administrator);

 

(e)              consideration received by the Corporation under a cashless exercise program implemented by the Corporation in connection with the Plan;

 

(f)              a reduction in the amount of any Corporation liability to the Participant, including any liability attributable to the Participant’s participation in any Corporation-sponsored deferred compensation program or arrangement;

 

(g)             any combination of the foregoing methods of payment; or

 

(h)             such other consideration and method of payment for the issuance of Shares to the extent permitted by Applicable Laws.

 

6.6             Promissory Note . Where applicable and subject to the requirements of Applicable Law, payment of all or part of the purchase price of an Award may be made by delivery of a full recourse promissory note (“Promissory Note”). The Promissory Note shall be executed by the Participant, made payable to the Corporation and bear interest at such rate as the Administrator shall determine, but in no case less than the minimum rate which will not cause under the Code: (i) imputed interest, (ii) original issue discount, or (iii) any other similar result. Unless otherwise determined by the Administrator, interest on the Promissory Note shall be payable in quarterly installments on March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31 of each calendar year. A Promissory Note shall contain such other terms and conditions as may be determined by the Administrator; provided, however, that the full principal amount of the Promissory Note and all unpaid interest accrued thereon shall be due not later than five years from the date of exercise. The Corporation may obtain from the Participant a security interest in all Awards issued to the Participant under the Plan for the purpose of securing payment under the Promissory Note and may retain possession of, where applicable, the Share certificates in order to perfect its security interest.

 

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ARTICLE 7
RESTRICTED STOCK

 

7.1             Grant of Restricted Stock . Subject to the terms and provisions of the Plan, the Administrator, at any time and from time to time, may grant Shares of Restricted Stock to Service Providers in such amounts as the Administrator, in its sole discretion, will determine.

 

7.2             Restricted Stock Agreement . Each Award of Restricted Stock will be evidenced by an Award Agreement that will specify the Period of Restriction, the number of Shares granted, and such other terms and conditions as the Administrator will determine in its sole discretion. Unless the Administrator determines otherwise, Shares of Restricted Stock will be held by the Corporation as escrow agent until the restrictions on such Shares have lapsed.

 

7.3             Transferability . Except as provided in this Article 7, Shares of Restricted Stock may not be sold, transferred, pledged, assigned or otherwise alienated or hypothecated until the end of the applicable Period of Restriction.

 

7.4             Other Restrictions . The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may impose such other restrictions on Shares of Restricted Stock as it may deem advisable or appropriate.

 

7.5             Removal of Restrictions . Except as otherwise provided in this Article 7, Shares of Restricted Stock covered by each Restricted Stock grant made under the Plan will be released from escrow as soon as practicable after the last day of the Period of Restriction. The Administrator, in its discretion, may accelerate the time at which any restrictions will lapse or be removed.

 

7.6             Voting Rights . During the Period of Restriction, Service Providers holding Shares of Restricted Stock granted hereunder may exercise full voting rights with respect to those Shares, unless the Administrator determines otherwise.

 

7.7             Dividends and Other Distributions . During the Period of Restriction, Service Providers holding Shares of Restricted Stock will be entitled to receive all dividends and other distributions paid with respect to such Shares unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement. If any such dividends or distributions are paid in Shares, the Shares will be subject to the same restrictions on transferability and forfeitability as the Shares of Restricted Stock with respect to which they were paid.

 

7.8             Return of Restricted Stock to Corporation . On the date set forth in the Award Agreement, the Restricted Stock for which restrictions have not lapsed will revert to the Corporation and again will become available for grant under the Plan.

 

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ARTICLE 8
UNRESTRICTED STOCK

 

Pursuant to the terms of the applicable Award Agreement, a Service Provider may be awarded (or sold at a discount) shares of Common Stock that are not subject to a Period of Restriction, in consideration for past services rendered thereby to the Corporation and any Affiliate or for other valid consideration.

ARTICLE 9
STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS

 

9.1             Grant of SARs . Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, a SAR may be granted to Service Providers at any time and from time to time as will be determined by the Administrator, in its sole discretion.

 

9.2             Number of Shares . The Administrator will have sole discretion to determine the number of SARs granted to any Service Provider.

 

9.3             Exercise Price and Other Terms . The Administrator, subject to the provisions of the Plan, will have sole discretion to determine the terms and conditions of SARs granted under the Plan.

 

9.4             SAR Agreement . Each SAR grant will be evidenced by an Award Agreement that will specify the exercise price, the term of the SAR, the conditions of exercise, and such other terms and conditions as the Administrator, in its sole discretion, will determine.

 

9.5             Expiration of SARs . A SAR granted under the Plan will expire upon the date determined by the Administrator, in its sole discretion, and as set forth in the Award Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the rules of Sections 6.4(b), (c) and (d) will also apply to SARs.

 

9.6             Payment of SAR Amount . Upon exercise of a SAR, a Participant will be entitled to receive payment from the Corporation an amount determined by multiplying: (i) the difference between the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of exercise over the exercise price; times (ii) the number of Shares with respect to which the SAR is exercised. At the discretion of the Administrator, the payment upon SAR exercise may be in cash, in Shares of equivalent value, other securities, other Awards, other property or a combination of any of the foregoing.

 

9.7             Buyout Provisions . The Administrator may at any time offer to buy out for a payment in cash or Shares a SAR previously granted based on such terms and conditions as the Administrator shall establish and communicate to the Participant at the time that such offer is made.

 

ARTICLE 10
PERFORMANCE UNITS AND PERFORMANCE SHARES

 

10.1          Grant of Performance Units/Shares . Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, Performance Units and Performance Shares may be granted to Service Providers at any time and from time to time, as will be determined by the Administrator, in its sole discretion. The Administrator will have complete discretion in determining the number of Performance Units and Performance Shares granted to each Participant.

 

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10.2          Value of Performance Units/Shares . Each Performance Unit will have an initial value that is established by the Administrator on or before the date of grant. Each Performance Share will have an initial value equal to the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of grant.

 

10.3          Performance Objectives and Other Terms . The Administrator will set performance objectives in its discretion which, depending on the extent to which they are met, will determine the number or value of Performance Units/Shares that will be paid out to the Service Providers. The time period during which the performance objectives must be met will be called the “Performance Period.” Each Award of Performance Units/Shares will be evidenced by an Award Agreement that will specify the “Performance Period,” and such other terms and conditions as the Administrator, in its sole discretion, will determine. The Administrator may set performance objectives based upon the achievement of Corporation-wide, divisional, or individual goals, applicable federal or state securities laws, or any other basis determined by the Administrator in its discretion.

 

10.4          Earning of Performance Units/Shares . After the applicable “Performance Period” has ended, the holder of Performance Units/Shares will be entitled to receive a payout of the number of Performance Units/Shares earned by the Participant over the “Performance Period,” to be determined as a function of the extent to which the corresponding performance objectives have been achieved. After the grant of a Performance Unit/Share, the Administrator, in its sole discretion, may reduce or waive any performance objectives for such Performance Unit/Share.

 

10.5          Form and Timing for Payment of Performance Units/Shares . Payment of earned Performance Units/Shares will be made as soon after the expiration of the applicable Performance Period at the time determined by the Administrator. The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may pay earned Performance Units/Shares in the form of cash, in Shares (which have an aggregate Fair Market Value equal to the value of the earned Performance Units/Shares at the close of the applicable Performance Period) or in a combination thereof.

 

10.6          Cancellation of Performance Units/Shares . On the date set forth in the Award Agreement, all unearned or unvested Performance Units/Shares will be forfeited to the Corporation, and again will be available for grant under the Plan.

 

ARTICLE 11
RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS

 

Restricted Stock Units are Awards consisting of Restricted Stock, Performance Shares and/or Performance Units that the Administrator, in its sole discretion permits to be paid out in installments or on a deferred basis, in accordance with rules and procedures established by the Administrator and in conformance with Code § 409A.

 

ARTICLE 12
OTHER STOCK BASED AWARDS

 

Other Stock Based Awards may be granted either alone, in addition to, or in tandem with, other Awards granted under the Plan and/or cash awards made outside of the Plan. The Administrator shall have authority to determine the Service Providers to whom and the time or times at which Other Stock Based Awards shall be made, the amount of such Other Stock Based Awards, and all other conditions of the Other Stock Based Awards including any dividend and/or voting rights.

 

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ARTICLE 13
DISSOLUTION OR LIQUIDATION; OR CHANGE IN CONTROL

 

13.1          Dissolution or Liquidation . In the event of the proposed dissolution or liquidation of the Corporation, the Administrator will notify each Participant as soon as practicable prior to the effective date of such proposed transaction. The Administrator in its discretion may provide for a Participant to have the right to exercise his or her Award, to the extent applicable, until 10 days prior to such transaction as to all of the Awarded Stock covered thereby, including Shares as to which the Award would not otherwise be exercisable. In addition, the Administrator may provide that any Corporation repurchase option or forfeiture rights applicable to any Award shall lapse 100%, and that any Award vesting shall accelerate 100%, provided the proposed dissolution or liquidation takes place at the time and in the manner contemplated. To the extent it has not been previously exercised or vested, an Award will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed action.

 

13.2          Change in Control .

 

(a)              Options and SARs. In the event of a Change in Control, each outstanding Option and SAR shall be assumed or an equivalent option or SAR substituted by the successor corporation or Affiliate of the successor corporation. With respect to Options and SARs granted to an Outside Director that are assumed or substituted for, if immediately prior to or after the Change in Control the Participant’s status as a Director or a director of the successor corporation, as applicable, is terminated other than upon a voluntary resignation by the Participant, then the Participant shall fully vest in and have the right to exercise such Options and SARs as to all of the Awarded Stock, including Shares as to which it would not otherwise be vested or exercisable. Unless otherwise determined by the Administrator, in the event that the successor corporation refuses to assume or substitute for the Option or SAR, the Participant shall fully vest in and have the right to exercise the Option or SAR as to all of the Awarded Stock, including Shares as to which it would not otherwise be vested or exercisable. If an Option or SAR is not assumed or substituted in the event of a Change in Control, the Administrator shall notify the Participant in writing or electronically that the Option or SAR shall be exercisable for a period of up to 15 days from the date of such notice, and the Option or SAR shall terminate upon the expiration of such period. For the purposes of this paragraph, the Option or SAR shall be considered assumed if, following the Change in Control, the option or stock appreciation right confers the right to purchase or receive, for each Share of Awarded Stock subject to the Option or SAR immediately prior to the Change in Control, the consideration (whether stock, cash, or other securities or property) received in the Change in Control by holders of Common Stock for each Share held on the effective date of the transaction (and if holders were offered a choice of consideration, the type of consideration chosen by the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares); provided, however, that if such consideration received in the Change in Control is not solely common stock of the successor corporation or its Affiliate, the Administrator may, with the consent of the successor corporation, provide for the consideration to be received upon the exercise of the Option or SAR, for each Share of Awarded Stock subject to the Option or SAR, to be solely common stock of the successor corporation or its Affiliate equal in fair market value to the per share consideration received by holders of Common Stock in the Change in Control. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, an Award that vests, is earned or paid-out upon the satisfaction of one or more performance goals will not be considered assumed if the Corporation or its successor modifies any of such performance goals without the Participant’s consent; provided, however, a modification to such performance goals only to reflect the successor corporation’s post-Change in Control corporate structure will not be deemed to invalidate an otherwise valid Award assumption.

 

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(b)             Restricted Stock, Unrestricted Stock, Performance Shares, Performance Units, Restricted Stock Units, and Other Stock Based Awards. In the event of a Change in Control, each outstanding Restricted Stock, Unrestricted Stock, Performance Share, Performance Unit, Other Stock Based Award and Restricted Stock Unit awards shall be assumed or an equivalent Restricted Stock, Unrestricted Stock, Performance Share, Performance Unit, Other Stock Based Award and Restricted Stock Unit award substituted by the successor corporation or an Affiliate of the successor corporation. With respect to Awards granted to an Outside Director that are assumed or substituted for, if immediately prior to or after the Change in Control the Participant’s status as a Director or a director of the successor corporation, as applicable, is terminated other than upon a voluntary resignation by the Participant, then the Participant shall fully vest in such Awards, including Shares as to which it would not otherwise be vested. Unless determined otherwise by the Administrator, in the event that the successor corporation refuses to assume or substitute for the Restricted Stock, Unrestricted Stock, Performance Share, Performance Unit, Other Stock Based Award or Restricted Stock Unit award, the Participant shall fully vest in the Restricted Stock, Unrestricted Stock, Performance Share, Performance Unit, Other Stock Based Award or Restricted Stock Unit including as to Shares which would not otherwise be vested. For the purposes of this paragraph, a Restricted Stock, Unrestricted Stock, Performance Share, Performance Unit, Other Stock Based Award and Restricted Stock Unit award shall be considered assumed if following the Change in Control, the award confers the right to purchase or receive, for each Share subject to the Award immediately prior to the Change in Control, the consideration (whether stock, cash, or other securities or property) received in the Change in Control by holders of Common Stock for each Share held on the effective date of the transaction (and if holders were offered a choice of consideration, the type of consideration chosen by the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares); provided, however, that if such consideration received in the Change in Control is not solely common stock of the successor corporation or its Affiliate, the Administrator may, with the consent of the successor corporation, provide for the consideration to be received, for each Share and each unit/right to acquire a Share subject to the Award, to be solely common stock of the successor corporation or its Affiliate equal in fair market value to the per share consideration received by holders of Common Stock in the Change in Control. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, an Award that vests, is earned or paid-out upon the satisfaction of one or more performance goals will not be considered assumed if the Corporation or its successor modifies any of such performance goals without the Participant’s consent; provided, however, a modification to such performance goals only to reflect the successor corporation’s post-Change in Control corporate structure will not be deemed to invalidate an otherwise valid Award assumption.

 

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ARTICLE 14
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

 

14.1          No Uniform Rights to Awards . The Corporation has no obligation to uniformly treat Participants or holders or beneficiaries of Awards. The terms and conditions of Awards and the Administrator’s determinations and interpretations with respect thereto need not be the same with respect to each Participant and may be made selectively among Participants, whether or not such Participants are similarly situated.

 

14.2          Share Certificates . All certificates for Shares or other securities of the Corporation or Affiliate delivered under the Plan pursuant to any Award or the exercise thereof shall be subject to such stop transfer orders and other restrictions as the Administrator may deem advisable under the Plan, the applicable Award Agreement or the rules, regulations and other requirements of the SEC, the NYSE or any other stock exchange or quotation system upon which such Shares or other securities are then listed or reported and any applicable Federal or state laws, and the Administrator may cause a legend or legends to be put on any such certificates to make appropriate reference to such restrictions.

 

14.3          No Rights as a Service Provider . Neither the Plan nor any Award shall confer upon a Participant any right with respect to continuing his or her relationship as a Service Provider, nor shall they interfere in any way with the right of the Participant or the right of the Corporation or its Affiliate to terminate such relationship at any time, with or without cause.

 

14.4          No Rights as Shareholder . No Participant or holder or beneficiary of any Award shall have any rights as a shareholder with respect to any Shares to be distributed under the Plan until he or she has become the holder of such Shares. In connection with each grant of Restricted Stock, except as provided in the applicable Award Agreement, the Participant shall not be entitled to the rights of a shareholder in respect of such Restricted Shares. Except as otherwise provided in Section 4.3 or the applicable Award Agreement, no adjustments shall be made for dividends or distributions on (whether ordinary or extraordinary, and whether in cash, Shares, other securities or other property), or other events relating to, Shares subject to an Award for which the record date is prior to the date such Shares are delivered.

 

14.5          No Trust or Fund Created . Neither the Plan nor any Award shall create or be construed to create a trust or separate fund of any kind or a fiduciary relationship between the Corporation or Affiliate, on one hand, and a Participant or any other person, on the other. To the extent that any person acquires a right to receive payments from the Corporation or Affiliate pursuant to an Award, such right shall be no greater than the right of any unsecured general creditor of the Corporation or Affiliate.

 

14.6          No Fractional Shares . No fractional Shares shall be issued or delivered pursuant to the Plan or any Award, and the Administrator shall determine whether cash, other securities or other property shall be paid or transferred in lieu of any fractional Shares or whether such fractional Shares or any rights thereto shall be cancelled, terminated or otherwise eliminated.

 

14.7          Requirement of Consent and Notification of Election Under Code § 83(b) or Similar Provision . No election under Code § 83(b) (to include in gross income in the year of transfer the amounts specified in Code § 83(b)) or under a similar provision of law may be made unless expressly permitted by the terms of the applicable Award Agreement or by action of the Administrator in writing prior to the making of such election. If an Award recipient, in connection with the acquisition of Shares under the Plan or otherwise, is expressly permitted under the terms of the applicable Award Agreement or by such Administrator action to make such an election and the Participant makes the election, the Participant shall notify the Administrator of such election within 10 days of filing notice of the election with the IRS or other governmental authority, in addition to any filing and notification required pursuant to regulations issued under Code § 83(b) or other applicable provision.

 

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14.8          Requirement of Notification Upon Disqualifying Disposition Under Code § 421(b) . If any Participant shall make any disposition of Shares delivered pursuant to the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option under the circumstances described in Code § 421(b) (relating to certain disqualifying dispositions) or any successor provision of the Code, such Participant shall notify the Corporation of such disposition within 10 days of such disposition.

 

14.9          Leaves of Absence . Unless the Administrator provides otherwise, vesting of Awards granted hereunder will be suspended during any unpaid leave of absence and will resume on the date the Participant returns to work on a regular schedule as determined by the Corporation; provided, however, that no vesting credit will be awarded for the time vesting has been suspended during such leave of absence. A Service Provider will not cease to be an Employee in the case of (i) any leave of absence approved by the Corporation or (ii) transfers between locations of the Corporation or between the Corporation or its Affiliate. For purposes of Incentive Stock Options, no such leave may exceed 3 months, unless reemployment upon expiration of such leave is guaranteed by statute or contract. If reemployment upon expiration of a leave of absence approved by the Corporation is not so guaranteed, then 6 months from the first day of such leave any Incentive Stock Option held by the Participant will cease to be treated as an Incentive Stock Option and will be treated for tax purposes as a Non-Qualified Stock Option.

 

14.10      Notices . Any written notice to the Corporation required by any provisions of the Plan shall be addressed to the Secretary of the Corporation and shall be effective when received.

 

14.11      Non-Transferability of Awards . Other than pursuant to a domestic relations order (within the meaning of Rule 16a-12 promulgated under the Exchange Act) and unless determined otherwise by the Administrator, an Award may not be sold, pledged, assigned, hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution, and may be exercised, during the lifetime of the Participant, only by the Participant. If the Administrator makes an Award transferable, such Award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the Administrator deems appropriate.

 

14.12      Date of Grant . The date of grant of an Award will be, for all purposes, the date on which the Administrator makes the determination granting such Award, or such other later date as is determined by the Administrator. Notice of the determination will be provided to each Participant within a reasonable time after the date of such grant.

 

14.13      Amendment and Termination of Plan .

 

(a)              Amendment and Termination. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the Plan. Unless sooner terminated, this Plan shall terminate on February 23, 2017, the date that is 10 years from the date the Plan was originally adopted by the Board or approved by the shareholders of the Corporation, whichever was earlier.

 

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(b)             Shareholder Approval. The Corporation will obtain shareholder approval of any Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with Applicable Laws.

 

(c)              Effect of Amendment or Termination. Subject to Section 14.15 of the Plan, no amendment, alteration, suspension or termination of the Plan will impair the rights of any Participant, unless mutually agreed upon between the Participant and the Administrator, which agreement must be in writing and signed by the Participant and the Corporation. Termination of the Plan will not affect the Administrator’s ability to exercise the powers granted to it hereunder with respect to Awards granted under the Plan prior to the date of such termination.

 

14.14      Conditions Upon Issuance of Shares .

 

(a)              Legal Compliance. Shares will not be issued pursuant to the exercise of an Award unless the exercise of such Award and the issuance and delivery of such Shares will comply with Applicable Laws and will be further subject to the approval of counsel for the Corporation with respect to such compliance.

 

(b)             Investment Representations. As a condition to the exercise or receipt of an Award, the Corporation may require the person exercising or receiving such Award to represent and warrant at the time of any such exercise or receipt that the Shares are being purchased only for investment and without any present intention to sell or distribute such Shares if, in the opinion of counsel for the Corporation, such a representation is required.

 

14.15      Severability . Notwithstanding any contrary provision of the Plan or an Award to the contrary, if any one or more of the provisions (or any part thereof) of this Plan or the Awards shall be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such provision shall be modified so as to make it valid, legal and enforceable, and the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions (or any part thereof) of the Plan or Award, as applicable, shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

 

14.16      Inability to Obtain Authority . The inability of the Corporation to obtain authority from any regulatory body having jurisdiction, which authority is deemed by the Corporation’s counsel to be necessary to the lawful issuance and sale of any Shares hereunder, will relieve the Corporation of any liability in respect of the failure to issue or sell such Shares as to which such requisite authority will not have been obtained.

 

14.17      Shareholder Approval . The Plan will be subject to approval by the shareholders of the Corporation within 12 months after the date the Plan is adopted. Such shareholder approval will be obtained in the manner and to the degree required under Applicable Laws, and is effective as of the Effective Date.

 

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14.18      Governing Law . The validity, construction and effect of the Plan and any rules and regulations relating to the Plan and any Award Agreement shall be determined in accordance with the laws of the State of California, without giving effect to the conflict of laws provisions thereof.

 

Adopted by the Board of Directors: February 23, 2007

 

Approved by the Shareholders: February 23, 2007

 

Amended Plan Adopted by the Board of Directors December 6, 2013

 

Amended Plan Approved by the Shareholders: February 25, 2014

 

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Exhibit 31.1

 

RULE 13A-14(A) CERTIFICATION

 

SIMULATIONS PLUS, INC.

a California corporation

 

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

 

I, Walter S. Woltosz, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10Q of Simulations Plus, Inc., a California corporation;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its condensed subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date:  April 9, 2014    By: /s/ Walter S. Woltos             
   

Walter S. Woltosz

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

 

RULE 13A-14(A) CERTIFICATION

 

SIMULATIONS PLUS, INC.

a California corporation

 

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

 

I, John R. Kneisel, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10Q of Simulations Plus, Inc., a California corporation;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its condensed subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date:  April 9, 2014    By: /s/ John R Kneisel               
    John R. Kneisel
   

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

 

Exhibit 32

 

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)

 

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Simulations Plus, Inc., a California corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended February 28, 2014, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Walter S. Woltosz, Chief Executive Officer of the Company and John R. Kneisel, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, respectively, do each hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, that to his/her knowledge:

 

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

(2) The information contained in the report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

 

 

 

/s/ Walter S. Woltosz           

Walter S. Woltosz

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

April 9, 2014

 

 

/s/ John R. Kneisel             

John R. Kneisel

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

April 9, 2014

 

(A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Simulations Plus, Inc. and will be retained by Simulations Plus, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.)