Table of Contents



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2019
 
OR
 
 
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
For the Transition Period from                        to                       
 
Commission file number 1-13045
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware
(State or other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
23-2588479
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
One Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Including Zip Code)

(617) 535-4766
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ý     No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ý     No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer  ý
 
Accelerated filer  o
 
Non-accelerated filer  o
 
Smaller reporting company  o
 
Emerging growth company  o
If emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  o     No  ý
Number of shares of the registrant's Common Stock outstanding at April 19, 2019 : 286,880,641



Table of Contents

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
Index

 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2

Table of Contents

Part I. Financial Information
Item 1.    Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In Thousands, except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
ASSETS
 
 
 

Current Assets:
 
 
 

Cash and cash equivalents
$
161,475

 
$
165,485

Accounts receivable (less allowances of $42,074 and $43,584 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively)
837,521

 
846,889

Prepaid expenses and other
210,854

 
195,740

Total Current Assets
1,209,850

 
1,208,114

Property, Plant and Equipment:
 
 
 

Property, plant and equipment
7,738,705

 
7,600,949

Less—Accumulated depreciation
(3,213,122
)
 
(3,111,392
)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
4,525,583

 
4,489,557

Other Assets, Net:
 
 
 

Goodwill
4,465,378

 
4,441,030

Customer relationships, customer inducements and data center lease-based intangibles
1,495,338

 
1,506,522

Operating lease right-of-use assets (see Note 2.d.)
1,791,536

 

Other
201,678

 
207,024

Total Other Assets, Net
7,953,930

 
6,154,576

Total Assets
$
13,689,363

 
$
11,852,247

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 

Current Liabilities:
 
 
 

Current portion of long-term debt
$
125,142

 
$
126,406

Accounts payable
283,709

 
318,765

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (includes current portion of operating lease liabilities,
see Note 2.d.)
839,968

 
752,684

Deferred revenue
266,314

 
264,823

Total Current Liabilities
1,515,133

 
1,462,678

Long-term Debt, net of current portion
8,365,737

 
8,016,417

Long-term Operating Lease Liabilities, net of current portion (see Note 2.d.)
1,656,659

 

Other Long-term Liabilities
127,127

 
111,331

Deferred Rent (see Note 2.d.)

 
121,864

Deferred Income Taxes
190,871

 
183,836

Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 7)


 


Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
73,102

 
70,532

Equity:
 
 
 

Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity:
 
 
 

Preferred stock (par value $0.01; authorized 10,000,000 shares; none issued and outstanding)

 

Common stock (par value $0.01; authorized 400,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 286,829,854 and 286,321,009 shares as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively)
2,868

 
2,863

Additional paid-in capital
4,264,978

 
4,263,348

(Distributions in excess of earnings) Earnings in excess of distributions
(2,257,485
)
 
(2,116,367
)
Accumulated other comprehensive items, net
(250,960
)
 
(265,664
)
Total Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity
1,759,401

 
1,884,180

Noncontrolling Interests
1,333

 
1,409

Total Equity
1,760,734

 
1,885,589

Total Liabilities and Equity
$
13,689,363

 
$
11,852,247

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In Thousands, except Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Revenues:
 

 
 

Storage rental
$
662,974


$
651,149

Service
390,889


391,309

Total Revenues
1,053,863


1,042,458

Operating Expenses:
 

 
 

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)
461,544


448,721

Selling, general and administrative
270,559

 
269,730

Depreciation and amortization
162,483

 
160,578

Loss (Gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net (see Note 2.l.)
602

 
(1,130
)
Total Operating Expenses
895,188


877,899

Operating Income (Loss)
158,675


164,559

Interest Expense, Net (includes Interest Income of $1,785 and $1,386 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)
102,436

 
97,626

Other Expense (Income), Net
15,210


20,151

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
41,029

 
46,782

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
10,553

 
1,168

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
30,476


45,614

(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
(24
)
 
(462
)
Net Income (Loss)
30,452

 
45,152

Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
891

 
468

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
$
29,561


$
44,684

Earnings (Losses) per Share—Basic:
 

 
 

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
$
0.10

 
$
0.16

Total (Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
$

 
$

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
$
0.10

 
$
0.16

Earnings (Losses) per Share—Diluted:
 

 
 

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
$
0.10

 
$
0.16

Total (Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
$

 
$

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
$
0.10

 
$
0.16

Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding—Basic
286,528

 
285,259

Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding—Diluted
287,492

 
285,993

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

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IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Net Income (Loss)
$
30,452

 
$
45,152

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
 

 
 

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
18,191

 
31,651

Change in Fair Value of Interest Rate Swap Agreements
(2,674
)
 
(185
)
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
15,517

 
31,466

Comprehensive Income (Loss)
45,969

 
76,618

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
1,704

 
2,027

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
$
44,265

 
$
74,591

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

5

Table of Contents

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(In Thousands, except Share Data)
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in Capital
 
(Distributions in Excess of Earnings) Earnings in Excess of Distributions
 
 
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 
 
 
 
Total
 
Shares
 
Amounts
 
 
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Items, Net
 
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance, December 31, 2017
$
2,298,842

 
283,110,183

 
$
2,831

 
$
4,164,562

 
$
(1,765,966
)
 
$
(103,989
)
 
$
1,404

 
 
$
91,418

Cumulative-effect adjustment for adoption of ASU 2014-09 (see Note 2.c.)
(29,461
)
 

 

 

 
(29,461
)
 

 

 
 

Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan and option plans and stock-based compensation
1,432

 
364,736

 
4

 
1,428

 

 

 

 
 

Issuance of shares associated with the Over-Allotment Option, net of underwriting discounts and offering expenses (see Note 12 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report)
76,192

 
2,175,000

 
22

 
76,170

 

 

 

 
 

Issuance of shares through the At the Market (ATM) Equity Program, net of underwriting discounts and offering expenses (see Note 8)
8,716

 
273,486

 
2

 
8,714

 

 

 

 
 

Change in value of redeemable noncontrolling interests
(117
)
 

 

 
(117
)
 

 

 

 
 
117

Parent cash dividends declared (see Note 8)
(169,044
)
 

 

 

 
(169,044
)
 

 

 
 

Foreign currency translation adjustment
30,246

 

 

 

 

 
30,092

 
154

 
 
1,405

Change in fair value of interest rate swap agreements
(185
)
 

 

 

 

 
(185
)
 

 
 

Net income (loss)
44,654

 

 

 

 
44,684

 

 
(30
)
 
 
498

Noncontrolling interests dividends

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
(561
)
Balance, March 31, 2018
$
2,261,275

 
285,923,405

 
$
2,859

 
$
4,250,757

 
$
(1,919,787
)
 
$
(74,082
)
 
$
1,528

 
 
$
92,877

 
 
 
Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in Capital
 
(Distributions in Excess of Earnings) Earnings in Excess of Distributions
 
 
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 
 
 
 
Total
 
Shares
 
Amounts
 
 
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Items, Net
 
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance, December 31, 2018
$
1,885,589

 
286,321,009

 
$
2,863

 
$
4,263,348

 
$
(2,116,367
)
 
$
(265,664
)
 
$
1,409

 
 
$
70,532

Cumulative-effect adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-02 (see Note 2.d.)
5,781

 

 

 

 
5,781

 

 

 
 

Issuance of shares under employee stock purchase plan and option plans and stock-based compensation
2,923

 
508,845

 
5

 
2,918

 

 

 

 
 

Change in equity related to redeemable noncontrolling interests
(1,288
)
 

 

 
(1,288
)
 

 

 

 
 
1,288

Parent cash dividends declared (see Note 8)
(176,460
)
 

 

 

 
(176,460
)
 

 

 
 

Foreign currency translation adjustment
17,378

 

 

 

 

 
17,378

 

 
 
813

Change in fair value of interest rate swap agreements
(2,674
)
 

 

 

 

 
(2,674
)
 

 
 


Net income (loss)
29,485

 

 

 

 
29,561

 

 
(76
)
 
 
967

Noncontrolling interests dividends

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
(498
)
Balance, March 31, 2019
$
1,760,734

 
286,829,854

 
$
2,868

 
$
4,264,978

 
$
(2,257,485
)
 
$
(250,960
)
 
$
1,333

 
 
$
73,102


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

Table of Contents

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
 
 
 

Net income (loss)
$
30,452

 
$
45,152

Loss (income) from discontinued operations
24

 
462

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash flows from operating activities:
 

 
 

Depreciation
114,611

 
113,432

Amortization (includes amortization of deferred financing costs and discounts of $4,108 and $3,553 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)
51,980

 
50,699

Revenue reduction associated with amortization of customer inducements and above- and below-market leases
3,645

 
3,664

Stock-based compensation expense
8,519

 
7,384

Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes
1,423

 
(387
)
Loss (gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net (see Note 2.l.)
602

 
(1,130
)
Foreign currency transactions and other, net
11,707

 
23,530

(Increase) decrease in assets
(33,138
)
 
(74,884
)
(Decrease) increase in liabilities
(72,758
)
 
(76,354
)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities - Continuing Operations
117,067

 
91,568

Cash Flows from Operating Activities - Discontinued Operations

 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
117,067

 
91,568

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
 

 
 

Capital expenditures (see Liquidity and Capital Resources section of Management's Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations)
(184,765
)
 
(95,605
)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(39,423
)
 
(1,428,974
)
Acquisition of customer relationships
(23,934
)
 
(12,602
)
Customer inducements
(2,817
)
 
(130
)
Contract fulfillment costs and third-party commissions
(41,161
)
 
(5,314
)
Investments in joint ventures (see Note 9)
(19,222
)
 

Proceeds from sales of property and equipment and other, net
105

 
(19,387
)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities - Continuing Operations
(311,217
)
 
(1,562,012
)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities - Discontinued Operations

 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
(311,217
)
 
(1,562,012
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
 

 
 

Repayment of revolving credit facility, term loan facilities and other debt
(1,351,242
)
 
(4,410,656
)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility, term loan facilities and other debt
1,723,462

 
5,496,491

Debt repayment and equity distribution to noncontrolling interests
(498
)
 
(561
)
Parent cash dividends
(178,023
)
 
(169,006
)
Net proceeds associated with the Over-Allotment Option

 
76,192

Net proceeds associated with the At the Market (ATM) Program

 
8,716

Net (payments) proceeds associated with employee stock-based awards
(5,963
)
 
(5,950
)
Payment of debt financing and stock issuance costs

 
(9,974
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities - Continuing Operations
187,736

 
985,252

Cash Flows from Financing Activities - Discontinued Operations

 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
187,736

 
985,252

Effect of Exchange Rates on Cash and Cash Equivalents
2,404

 
1,984

(Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents
(4,010
)
 
(483,208
)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period
165,485

 
925,699

Cash and Cash Equivalents, including Restricted Cash, End of Period
$
161,475

 
$
442,491

 
 
 
 
Supplemental Information:
 

 
 

Cash Paid for Interest
$
136,667

 
$
122,027

Cash Paid for Income Taxes, Net
$
15,141

 
$
22,292

Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
 

 
 

Financing Leases (see Note 2.d.)
$
7,523

 
$
13,877

Accrued Capital Expenditures
$
75,824

 
$
36,760

Accrued Purchase Price and Other Holdbacks
$
1,042

 
$
149

Dividends Payable
$
180,422

 
$
172,140

 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

Table of Contents

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(1) General
The interim condensed consolidated financial statements are presented herein and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. Iron Mountain Incorporated, a Delaware corporation ("IMI"), and its subsidiaries ("we" or "us") provide storage of physical records and data backup media, information management solutions and enterprise-class colocation and wholesale data center space that help organizations in various locations throughout North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa. We offer comprehensive records and information management services and data management services, along with the expertise and experience to address complex storage and information management challenges such as rising storage rental costs, legal and regulatory compliance and disaster recovery requirements. We provide secure and reliable data center facilities to protect digital information and ensure the continued operation of our customers’ information technology infrastructure, with flexible deployment options, including both colocation and wholesale space.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") have been omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, but we believe that the disclosures included herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, which are included herein, should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 14, 2019 (our "Annual Report").
We have been organized and have operated as a real estate investment trust for United States federal income tax purposes ("REIT") beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2014.

On January 10, 2018, we completed the acquisition of IO Data Centers, LLC ("IODC") (the "IODC Transaction"). See Note 3.
On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended ("ASU 2016-02"). See Note 2.d.
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
This Note 2 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements provides information and disclosure regarding certain of our significant accounting policies and should be read in conjunction with Note 2 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report, which may provide additional information with regard to the accounting policies set forth herein and other of our significant accounting policies.
a.    Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and cash invested in highly liquid short-term securities, which have remaining maturities at the date of purchase of less than 90 days . Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.
At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had approximately $15,250 and $15,141 , respectively, of restricted cash held by certain financial institutions related to bank guarantees.

8

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

b.    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets and Liabilities
Goodwill
Since December 31, 2018, there have been no changes to our accounting polices related to the accounting for goodwill. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , no factors were identified that would alter our October 1, 2018 goodwill impairment analysis.
Our reporting units as of December 31, 2018 are described in detail in Note 2.h. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report. On March 19, 2019, we divested the business included in our former Consumer Storage reporting unit, which had no goodwill associated with it at December 31, 2018 or at the date of the divestment. See Note 9 for additional information.
The goodwill associated with acquisitions completed during the first three months of 2019 (which are described in Note 3) has been incorporated into our reporting units as they existed as of December 31, 2018.
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill attributable to each reportable operating segment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are as follows:
 
North American
Records and Information
Management
Business
 
North American
Data
Management
Business
 
Western
European Business
 
Other International Business
 
Global Data Center Business
 
Corporate and Other Business
 
Total
Consolidated
Goodwill balance, net of accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2018
$
2,251,795

 
$
493,491

 
$
381,806

 
$
818,223

 
$
425,956

 
$
69,759

 
$
4,441,030

Deductible goodwill acquired during the year
5,501

 

 

 

 

 

 
5,501

Non-deductible goodwill acquired during the year

 

 
4,991

 
3,767

 

 
1,874

 
10,632

Fair value and other adjustments(1)
31

 

 
92

 
3,350

 
(871
)
 
(468
)
 
2,134

Currency effects
3,921

 
1,067

 
1,393

 
1,126

 
(1,566
)
 
140

 
6,081

Goodwill balance, net accumulated amortization as of March 31, 2019
$
2,261,248

 
$
494,558

 
$
388,282

 
$
826,466

 
$
423,519

 
$
71,305

 
$
4,465,378

Accumulated Goodwill Impairment Balance as of December 31, 2018
$
85,909

 
$

 
$
46,500

 
$

 
$

 
$
3,011

 
$
135,420

Accumulated Goodwill Impairment Balance as of March 31, 2019
$
85,909

 
$

 
$
46,500

 
$

 
$

 
$
3,011

 
$
135,420

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)
Total fair value and other adjustments primarily include $2,565 in net adjustments related to property, plant and equipment, customer relationships and data center lease-based intangible assets and deferred income taxes and other liabilities offset by $431 of cash received related to certain acquisitions completed in 2018.


9

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Finite-lived Intangible Assets and Liabilities

Finite-lived intangible assets and liabilities are primarily comprised of customer relationship intangible assets, customer inducements and data center intangible assets and liabilities (which include data center in-place lease intangible assets, data center tenant relationship intangible assets, data center above-market in-place lease intangible assets and data center below-market in-place lease intangible assets). Since December 31, 2018, there have been no changes to our accounting policies related to the accounting for any of our finite-lived intangible assets and liabilities as disclosed in Note 2.i. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report.
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of our finite-lived intangible assets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Carrying
Amount
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Carrying
Amount
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer relationship intangible assets
$
1,754,794

 
$
(482,971
)
 
$
1,271,823

 
$
1,718,919

 
$
(455,705
)
 
$
1,263,214

Customer inducements
51,405

 
(28,711
)
 
22,694

 
56,478

 
(34,181
)
 
22,297

Data center lease-based intangible assets(1)
265,834

 
(65,013
)
 
200,821

 
271,818

 
(50,807
)
 
221,011

Third-party commissions asset(2)
30,861

 
(737
)
 
30,124

 
30,071

 
(1,089
)
 
28,982

 
$
2,102,894

 
$
(577,432
)
 
$
1,525,462

 
$
2,077,286

 
$
(541,782
)
 
$
1,535,504

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Data center below-market leases
$
12,715

 
$
(2,451
)
 
$
10,264

 
$
12,318

 
$
(1,642
)
 
$
10,676

_______________________________________________________________________________
 
(1)
Includes data center in-place lease intangible assets, data center tenant relationship intangible assets and data center above-market in-place lease intangible assets.

(2)
Third-party commissions asset is included in Other, a component of Other assets, net in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The third-party commissions asset is primarily comprised of additional payments associated with the execution of future customer contracts through the one-year anniversary of the acquisition of IODC, as described in Note 3.

Other finite-lived intangible assets, including trade names, noncompetition agreements and trademarks, are capitalized and amortized and are included in depreciation and amortization in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The other finite-lived intangible assets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Carrying
Amount
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Carrying
Amount
Other finite-lived intangible assets (included in Other, a component of other assets, net)
$
20,290

 
$
(15,794
)
 
$
4,496

 
$
20,310

 
$
(14,798
)
 
$
5,512


10

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Amortization expense associated with finite-lived intangible assets, revenue reduction associated with the amortization of customer inducements and net revenue reduction associated with the amortization of data center above-market leases and data center below-market leases for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Amortization expense included in depreciation and amortization associated with:
 
 
 
 
Customer relationship and customer inducement intangible assets
 
$
27,881

 
$
28,806

Data center in-place leases and tenant relationships
 
12,609

 
10,838

Third-party commissions asset and other finite-lived intangible assets
 
757

 
1,185

Revenue reduction associated with amortization of:
 
 
 
 
Customer inducements
 
$
2,740

 
$
2,585

Data center above-market leases and data center below-market leases
 
905

 
1,079

c.    Revenues

Since December 31, 2018, there have been no changes to our accounting policies related to the accounting for revenues as disclosed in Note 2.l. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report.

The costs of the initial intake of customer records into physical storage ("Intake Costs") and capitalized commissions asset (collectively, "Contract Fulfillment Costs") as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Description
 
Location in Balance Sheet
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Amount
 
Gross Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Amount
Intake Costs asset
 
Other (within Other Assets, Net)
 
$
36,155

 
$
(21,041
)
 
$
15,114

 
$
39,748

 
$
(24,504
)
 
$
15,244

Capitalized commissions asset
 
Other (within Other Assets, Net)
 
52,485

 
(24,923
)
 
27,562

 
58,424

 
(34,637
)
 
23,787


Amortization expense associated with the Intake Costs asset and capitalized commissions asset for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Intake Costs asset
$
2,679

 
$
2,730

Capitalized commissions asset
3,946

 
3,587



11

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Deferred revenue liabilities are reflected as follows in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Description
 
Location in Balance Sheet
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Deferred revenue - Current
 
Deferred revenue
 
$
266,314

 
$
264,823

Deferred revenue - Long-term
 
Other Long-term Liabilities
 
25,625

 
26,401


Data Center Lessor Considerations

Our data center business features storage rental provided to customers at contractually specified rates over a fixed contractual period. Prior to January 1, 2019, our data center revenue contracts were accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 840, Leases ("ASC 840"). On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02, as described in more detail in Note 2.d. Beginning on January 1, 2019, our data center revenue contracts will be accounted for in accordance with ASU 2016-02. ASU 2016-02 provides a practical expedient which allows lessors to account for nonlease components (such as power and connectivity, in the case of our data center business) with the related lease component if both the timing and pattern of transfer are the same for nonlease components and the lease component, and the lease component would be classified as an operating lease. The single combined component is accounted for under ASU 2016-02 if the lease component is the predominant component and is accounted for under ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASU 2014-09"), if the nonlease components are the predominant components. We have elected to take this practical expedient. Storage rental revenue associated with our data center business was $59,718 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, which includes approximately $9,100 of revenue associated with power and connectivity. The revenue related to the service component of our data center business remains unchanged from the adoption of ASU 2016-02 and is recognized in the period the related services are provided. Our accounting treatment for data center revenue was not significantly impacted by the adoption of ASU 2016-02.

d. Leases
We lease facilities for certain warehouses, data centers and office space. We also have land leases, including those on which certain facilities are located. The majority of our leased facilities are classified as operating leases that, on average, have initial lease terms of five to 10 years, with one or more lease renewal options to extend the lease term. Our lease renewal option terms generally range from one to five years. The exercise of the lease renewal option is at our sole discretion and may contain fixed rent, fair market value based rent or Consumer Price Index rent escalation clauses. We include option periods in the lease term when our failure to renew the lease would result in an economic disincentive, thereby making it reasonably certain that we will renew the lease. We recognize straight line rental expense over the life of the lease and any fair market value or Consumer Price Index rent escalations are recognized as variable lease expense in the period in which the obligation is incurred. In addition, we lease certain vehicles and equipment. Vehicle and equipment leases have lease terms ranging from one to seven years.
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by all leases, both operating and financing (formerly referred to as capital leases under ASC 840). ASU 2016-02 requires certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures designed to give financial statement users information on the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.

12

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

We adopted ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 on a modified retrospective basis under which we recognized and measured leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the period of adoption. Therefore, we applied ASC 840 to all earlier comparative periods (prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-02), including disclosures, and recognized the effects of applying ASU 2016-02 as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2019, the effective date of the standard. As such, the comparative Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018 has not been restated to reflect the adoption of ASU 2016-02. Accordingly, the majority of the amount presented as deferred rent liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018 is now included in the calculation of operating lease right-of-use assets and any remaining amounts are now classified within other liability line items on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2019. The transition guidance associated with ASU 2016-02 also permitted certain practical expedients. We elected the "package of 3" practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance which, among other things, allowed us to carryforward our historical lease classifications. We also adopted an accounting policy which provides that leases with an initial term of 12 months or less will not be included within the lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recognized on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets after the adoption of ASU 2016-02. We will continue to recognize the lease payments for those leases with an initial term of 12 months or less in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The lease right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities are classified as either operating or financing. Lease right-of-use assets are calculated as the net present value of future payments plus any capitalized initial direct costs less any tenant improvements or lease incentives. Lease liabilities are calculated as the net present value of future payments. In calculating the present value of the lease payments, we will utilize the rate stated within the lease (in the limited circumstances when such rate is available) or, if no rate is explicitly stated, we have elected to utilize a rate that reflects our securitized incremental borrowing rate by geography for the lease term. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases - Targeted Improvements ("ASU 2018-11"). ASU 2018-11 provides a practical expedient which allows lessees to account for nonlease components (which include common area maintenance, taxes, and insurance) with the related lease component. Any variable nonlease components are not included within the lease right-of-use asset and lease liability on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and instead, are reflected as an expense in the period incurred. We have elected to take this practical expedient upon adoption of ASU 2016-02.
At January 1, 2019, we recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying ASU 2016-02 as an adjustment to the opening balance of (distributions in excess of earnings) earnings in excess of distributions, resulting in an increase of approximately $5,800 to stockholders' equity due to certain build to suit leases that were accounted for as financing leases under ASC 840, Leases , but are accounted for as operating leases under ASU 2016-02 at January 1, 2019.

13

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of March 31, 2019 and January 1, 2019 (date of adoption of ASU 2016-02) are as follows:
Description
 
Location in Balance Sheet
 
March 31, 2019
 
January 1, 2019
(Date of Adoption of ASU 2016-02)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating lease right-of-use assets(1)
 
Operating lease right-of-use assets
 
$
1,791,536

 
$
1,825,721

Financing lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated depreciation(2)
 
Property, plant and equipment, net
 
351,750

 
361,078

Total
 
 
 
$
2,143,286

 
$
2,186,799

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Operating lease liabilities
 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
 
$
206,286

 
$
209,911

   Financing lease liabilities
 
Current portion of long-term debt
 
51,222

 
50,437

      Total current lease liabilities
 
 
 
257,508

 
260,348

Long-term
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Operating lease liabilities
 
Long-term operating lease liabilities, net of current portion
 
1,656,659

 
1,685,771

   Financing lease liabilities
 
Long-term Debt, net of current portion
 
338,728

 
350,263

      Total long-term lease liabilities
 
 
 
1,995,387

 
2,036,034

Total
 
 
 
$
2,252,895

 
$
2,296,382

______________________________________________________________
(1) At March 31, 2019, these assets are comprised of approximately 98% real estate related assets (which include land, buildings and racking) and 2% non-real estate related assets (which include warehouse equipment, vehicles, furniture and fixtures and computer hardware and software).
(2) At March 31, 2019, these assets are comprised of approximately 66% real estate related assets and 34% non-real estate related assets.

The components of the lease expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is as follows:
Description
 
Location in Statement of Operations
 
Amount
Operating lease cost(1)
 
Cost of sales and Selling, general and administrative
 
$
111,906

Financing lease cost:
 
 
 
 
Depreciation of financing lease right-of-use assets
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
$
16,329

Interest expense for financing lease liabilities
 
Interest expense, net
 
6,142

Total financing lease cost
 
 
 
$
22,471

______________________________________________________________
(1) Of the $111,906 of operating lease cost incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2019, $108,601 is included within Cost of sales and $3,305 is included within Selling, general and administrative expenses. Operating lease cost includes variable lease costs of $25,489 .


14

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

We sublease certain real estate to third parties. The sublease income recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is $3,047 .
Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates as of March 31, 2019 are as follows:
Remaining Lease Term:
 
 
Operating leases
 
11.1 Years
Financing leases
 
11.0 Years
 Discount Rate:
 
 
Operating leases
 
7.1%
Financing leases
 
5.7%

The estimated minimum future lease payments as of December 31, 2018, are as follows:
Year
 
Operating Leases(1)
 
Sublease
Income
 
Capital Leases(1)(2)
2019
 
$
323,454

 
$
(7,525
)
 
$
80,513

2020
 
293,276

 
(7,200
)
 
71,335

2021
 
267,379

 
(7,063
)
 
61,269

2022
 
246,128

 
(6,694
)
 
52,832

2023
 
221,808

 
(6,409
)
 
44,722

Thereafter
 
1,287,807

 
(6,279
)
 
377,750

Total minimum lease payments
 
2,639,852

 
$
(41,170
)
 
688,421

Less amounts representing interest
 
 
 
 

 
(241,248
)
Present value of finance lease obligations
 
 
 
 

 
$
447,173


The estimated minimum future lease payments as of March 31, 2019, are as follows:
Year
 
Operating Leases(1)
 
Sublease
Income
 
Financing Leases(1)
2019 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2019)
 
$
251,699

 
$
(6,039
)
 
$
59,411

2020
 
308,267

 
(7,337
)
 
68,333

2021
 
280,931

 
(7,228
)
 
59,710

2022
 
257,598

 
(6,851
)
 
49,997

2023
 
234,035

 
(6,548
)
 
39,643

Thereafter
 
1,409,241

 
(6,922
)
 
287,609

Total minimum lease payments
 
2,741,771

 
$
(40,925
)
 
564,703

Less amounts representing interest or imputed interest
 
(878,826
)
 
 

 
(174,753
)
Present value of lease obligations
 
1,862,945

 
 

 
$
389,950

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)
Estimated minimum future lease payments exclude variable common area maintenance charges, insurance and taxes. Differences in estimated lease payments between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 are primarily related to adjustments to account for certain build to suit leases that were accounted for as financing obligations under ASC 840 but are accounted for as operating leases under ASU 2016-02 and foreign currency exchange rate impacts.
(2)
Includes capital lease and financing obligations associated with build to suit lease transactions at December 31, 2018.

15

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

As of March 31, 2019, we do not have any material operating or financing leases that are signed but have not yet commenced and we have certain leases with related parties which are not material to our consolidated financial statements.
Other information: Supplemental cash flow information relating to our leases for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is as follows:
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
Operating cash flows used in operating leases
 
$
83,676

Financing cash flows used in financing leases
 
$
16,675

Non-cash items:
 
 
Operating lease modifications and reassessments
 
$
1,842

New operating leases (including acquisitions)
 
$
21,535

Financing lease modifications and reassessments
 
$

New financing leases
 
$
7,523

e.    Stock-Based Compensation
We record stock-based compensation expense, utilizing the straight-line method, for the cost of stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance units ("PUs") and shares of stock issued under our employee stock purchase plan (together, "Employee Stock-Based Awards"). There have been no significant changes to our accounting policies, assumptions and valuation methodologies related to the accounting for our Employee Stock-Based Awards as disclosed in Note 2.n. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report.
For our Employee Stock-Based Awards made on or after February 20, 2019, we have included the following retirement provision: Upon an employee’s retirement on or after attaining age 58, if the sum of (i) the award recipient’s age at retirement and (ii) the award recipient’s years of service with the company totals at least 70, the award recipient is entitled to continued vesting of any outstanding Employee Stock-Based Awards which include the 2019 Retirement Criteria subsequent to their retirement, provided that, for awards granted in the year of retirement, their retirement occurs on or after July 1st (the “2019 Retirement Criteria”). Accordingly, (i) grants of Employee Stock-Based Awards to an employee who has met the 2019 Retirement Criteria on or before the date of grant, or will meet the Retirement Criteria before July 1 st of the year of the grant, will be expensed between the date of grant and July 1 st of the grant year and (ii) grants of Employee Stock-Based Awards to employees who will meet the 2019 Retirement Criteria during the award’s normal vesting period will be expensed between the date of grant and the date upon which the award recipient meets the 2019 Retirement Criteria. Stock options and RSUs granted to recipients who meet the 2019 Retirement Criteria will continue vesting on the original vesting schedule, and the stock options will remain exercisable up to three years after retirement, or the original expiration date of the stock options, if earlier. PUs granted to recipients who meet the 2019 Retirement Criteria will continue to vest and be delivered in accordance with the original vesting schedule of the applicable PU award and remain subject to the same performance conditions.
Stock-based compensation expense for Employee Stock-Based Awards for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $8,519 ( $7,935 after tax or $0.03 per basic and diluted share) and $7,384 ( $6,833 after tax or $0.02 per basic and diluted share), respectively, the substantial majority of which is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of March 31, 2019 , unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested portion of our Employee Stock-Based Awards was $72,353 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years.

16

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Stock Options
A summary of stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is as follows:
 
Stock Options
Outstanding at December 31, 2018
4,271,834

Granted
920,706

Exercised
(99,334
)
Forfeited
(6,007
)
Expired
(9,629
)
Outstanding at March 31, 2019
5,077,570

Options exercisable at March 31, 2019
3,258,982

Options expected to vest
1,691,146

Restricted Stock Units
The fair value of RSUs vested during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Fair value of RSUs vested
$
15,333

 
$
15,330

A summary of RSU activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is as follows:
 
RSUs
Non-vested at December 31, 2018
1,196,566

Granted
621,281

Vested
(453,167
)
Forfeited
(18,075
)
Non-vested at March 31, 2019
1,346,605

Performance Units
The fair value of earned PUs that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Fair value of earned PUs that vested
$
6,503

 
$
3,033


17

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

A summary of PU activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is as follows:
 
Original
PU Awards
 
PU Adjustment(1)
 
Total
PU Awards
Non-vested at December 31, 2018
967,049

 
(299,948
)
 
667,101

Granted
380,856

 

 
380,856

Vested
(169,523
)
 

 
(169,523
)
Forfeited/Performance or Market Conditions Not Achieved
(4,816
)
 
(14,850
)
 
(19,666
)
Non-vested at March 31, 2019
1,173,566

 
(314,798
)
 
858,768

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
Represents an increase or decrease in the number of original PUs awarded based on either the final performance criteria or market condition achievement at the end of the performance period of such PUs or a change in estimated awards based on the forecasted performance against the predefined targets.

As of March 31, 2019 , we expected 100% achievement of the predefined revenue, return on invested capital and Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in Note 6) targets associated with the awards of PUs made in 2019 , 2018 and 2017 .

18

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

f.    Income (Loss) Per Share—Basic and Diluted
Basic income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. The calculation of diluted income (loss) per share is consistent with that of basic income (loss) per share, but gives effect to all potential common shares (that is, securities such as stock options, RSUs or PUs) that were outstanding during the period, unless the effect is antidilutive.
The calculation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
30,476

 
$
45,614

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
891

 
468

Income (loss) from continuing operations (utilized in numerator of Earnings Per Share calculation)
$
29,585

 
$
45,146

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax
$
(24
)
 
$
(462
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
$
29,561

 
$
44,684

 
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares—basic
286,528,000

 
285,259,000

Effect of dilutive potential stock options
231,402

 
249,564

Effect of dilutive potential RSUs and PUs
732,421

 
484,314

Weighted-average shares—diluted
287,491,823

 
285,992,878

 
 
 
 
Earnings (losses) per share—basic:
 

 
 

Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
0.10

 
$
0.16

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax

 

Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated(1)
$
0.10

 
$
0.16

 
 
 
 
Earnings (losses) per share—diluted:
 

 
 

Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
0.10

 
$
0.16

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax

 

Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated(1)
$
0.10

 
$
0.16

 


 
 
Antidilutive stock options, RSUs and PUs, excluded from the calculation
3,985,161

 
3,242,141

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) Columns may not foot due to rounding.

19

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

g.    Income Taxes
We provide for income taxes during interim periods based on our estimate of the effective tax rate for the year. Our estimate of the effective tax rates for the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018 reflect the impact of the U.S. tax reform legislation, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Legislation”). See Note 7 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report for additional information regarding the impact the Tax Reform Legislation had on us. Discrete items and changes in our estimate of the annual effective tax rate are recorded in the period they occur. Our effective tax rate is subject to variability in the future due to, among other items: (1) changes in the mix of income between our qualified REIT subsidiaries ("QRSs") and our domestic taxable REIT subsidiaries ("TRSs"), as well as among the jurisdictions in which we operate; (2) tax law changes; (3) volatility in foreign exchange gains and losses; (4) the timing of the establishment and reversal of tax reserves; and (5) our ability to utilize net operating losses that we generate.
Our effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019(1)
 
2018(2)
Effective Tax Rate
25.7
%
 
2.5
%
_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
The primary reconciling items between the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% and our overall effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were the benefit derived from the dividends paid deduction and the impact of differences in the tax rates at which our foreign earnings are subject, including foreign exchange gains and losses in different jurisdictions with different tax rates.  
(2)
The primary reconciling items between the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% and our overall effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were the benefit derived from the dividends paid deduction, a discrete tax benefit of approximately $14,000 associated with the resolution of a tax matter and the impact of differences in the tax rates at which our foreign earnings are subject, including foreign exchange gains and losses in different jurisdictions with different tax rates.
h.    Fair Value Measurements
Our financial assets or liabilities that are carried at fair value are required to be measured using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy. A financial asset or liability's classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2—Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (i.e., interest rates, yield curves, etc.), and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that reflect our assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

20

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

The assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively, are as follows:
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at
March 31, 2019 Using
Description
 
Total Carrying
Value at
March 31, 2019
 
Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level 1)
 
 
 
Significant other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
 
 
 
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
Money Market Funds(1)
 
$
1,739

 
$

 
 
 
$
1,739

 
 
 
$

Trading Securities
 
10,160

 
9,490

 
(2)
 
670

 
(3)
 

Derivative Assets (4)
 
23

 

 
 
 
23

 
 
 

Derivative Liabilities(4)
 
109

 

 
 
 
109

 
 
 

Interest Rate Swap Agreements Liabilities(5)
 
3,647

 

 
 
 
3,647

 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2018 Using
Description
 
Total Carrying
Value at
December 31, 2018
 
Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level 1)
 
 
 
Significant other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
 
 
 
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
Time Deposits(1)
 
$
956

 
$

 
 
 
$
956

 
 
 
$

Trading Securities
 
10,753

 
10,248

 
(2)
 
505

 
(3)
 

Derivative Assets(4)
 
93

 

 
 
 
93

 
 
 

Interest Rate Swap Agreements Liabilities(5)
 
973

 

 
 
 
973

 
 
 

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
Money market funds and time deposits are measured based on quoted prices for similar assets and/or subsequent transactions.
(2)
Certain trading securities are measured at fair value using quoted market prices.
(3)
Certain trading securities are measured based on inputs other than quoted market prices that are observable.
(4)
Derivative assets and liabilities relate to short-term (six months or less) foreign currency contracts that we have entered into to hedge certain of our foreign exchange intercompany exposures. We calculate the value of such forward contracts by adjusting the spot rate utilized at the balance sheet date for translation purposes by an estimate of the forward points observed in active markets. As of March 31, 2019, we had outstanding forward contracts to (i) purchase 4,000 Euros and sell $4,610 United States dollars and (ii) purchase $4,515 United States dollars and sell 4,000 Euros. As of December 31, 2018, we had outstanding forward contracts to purchase 29,000 Euros and sell $33,374 United States dollars. We have not designated any of the forward contracts we have entered into as hedges.
(5)
We have entered into interest rate swap agreements to limit our exposure to changes in interest rates on a portion of our floating rate indebtedness. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , we have $350,000 in notional value of interest rate swap agreements outstanding, which expire in March 2022. Under the interest rate swap agreements, we receive variable rate interest payments associated with the notional amount of each interest rate swap, based upon one-month LIBOR, in exchange for the payment of fixed interest rate payments (at the fixed rate interest specified in the interest rate swap agreements). We have designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. Unrealized gains are recognized as assets while unrealized losses are recognized as liabilities. The fair value of the interest rate swaps are estimated using industry standard valuation models using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves.

21

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Disclosures are required in the financial statements for items measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. There were no material items that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, other than those disclosed in Note 2.s. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report, those acquired in acquisitions that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and our investment in Makespace LLC (as disclosed in Note 9), all of which are based on Level 3 inputs.
The fair value of our long-term debt, which was determined based on either Level 1 inputs or Level 3 inputs, is disclosed in Note 4. Long-term debt is measured at cost in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 .
i.    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items, Net
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive items, net for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustments
 
Fair Value Adjustments for Interest Rate Swap Agreements
 
Total
 
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustments
 
Fair Value Adjustments for Interest Rate Swap Agreements
 
Total
Beginning of Period
$
(264,691
)
 
$
(973
)
 
$
(265,664
)
 
$
(103,989
)
 
$

 
$
(103,989
)
Other comprehensive income (loss):


 


 


 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments(1)
17,378

 

 
17,378

 
30,092

 

 
30,092

Fair value adjustments for interest rate swap agreements

 
(2,674
)
 
(2,674
)
 

 
(185
)
 
(185
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
17,378

 
(2,674
)
 
14,704

 
30,092

 
(185
)
 
29,907

End of Period
$
(247,313
)
 
$
(3,647
)
 
$
(250,960
)
 
$
(73,897
)
 
$
(185
)
 
$
(74,082
)
______________________________________________________________
(1) This amount includes foreign exchange (gains) losses of $(6,141) and $5,635 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to the change in fair value of the portion of our Euro Notes (as defined and discussed more fully in Note 4) designated as a hedge of net investment of certain of our Euro denominated subsidiaries. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we designated, on average, 271,146 Euros of our Euro Notes as a hedge of net investment of certain of our Euro denominated subsidiaries. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, we designated, on average, 164,244 Euros of our Euro Notes as a hedge of net investment of certain of our Euro denominated subsidiaries. As of March 31, 2019, cumulative net gains of $20,399 net of tax, are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive items, net associated with this net investment hedge.





22

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

j.    Other Expense (Income), Net
Other expense (income), net for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 consists of the following:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net
$
17,697

 
$
21,785

Other, net
(2,487
)
 
(1,634
)
 
$
15,210

 
$
20,151


The gain or loss on foreign currency transactions, calculated as the difference between the historical exchange rate and the exchange rate at the applicable measurement date, include gains or losses related to (i) borrowings in certain foreign currencies under our Revolving Credit Facility (as defined and discussed more fully in Note 4), (ii) our Euro Notes, (iii) certain foreign currency denominated intercompany obligations of our foreign subsidiaries to us and between our foreign subsidiaries, which are not considered permanently invested, and (iv) amounts that are paid or received on the net settlement amount from forward contracts (as more fully discussed in Note 2.h.).

Other, net for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is primarily comprised of a gain on sale resulting from the Consumer Storage Transaction (as defined and discussed more fully in Note 9) of approximately $4,200 . Other, net for the three months ended March 31, 2019 also includes the change in estimated fair value of the noncontrolling interests associated with our business in India, which are accounted for as mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests.
k.    New Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) ("ASU 2018-15"). ASU 2018-15 aligns the accounting for costs incurred to implement a cloud computing arrangement that is a service arrangement with the guidance on capitalizing costs associated with developing or obtaining internal-use software. We adopted ASU 2018-15 on January 1, 2019. ASU 2018-15 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02. We adopted ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 on a modified retrospective basis. See Note 2.d. for information regarding the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements.
l. Change in Presentation

Subsequent to our conversion to a REIT, we have historically classified gains on sale of real estate, net of tax, as a separate line on our consolidated statements of operations and excluded such amounts from our reported operating income. We presented such amounts net of tax as these gains were presented below the provision (benefit) for income taxes on our consolidated statements of operations. Commencing with the first quarter of 2019, we will present gains on sale of real estate as a component of operating income in the line item loss (gain) on disposal/write down of property, plant and equipment, net. Such amounts will be presented gross of tax with any tax impact presented within provision (benefit) for income taxes. All prior periods will be conformed to this presentation going forward. No gains on the sale of real estate were recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019 or 2018.

23

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(3) Acquisitions

We account for acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting, and, accordingly, the assets and liabilities acquired are recorded at their estimated fair values and the results of operations for each acquisition have been included in our consolidated results from their respective acquisition dates.
Acquisitions Completed During the Three Months Ended March 31, 201 9

In order to enhance our existing operations in the United States, the United Kingdom and Switzerland and to expand our operations into Bulgaria, we completed the acquisition of four storage and records management companies and one art storage company for total cash consideration of approximately $31,900 .

Purchase Price Allocation

A summary of the cumulative consideration paid and the preliminary allocation of the purchase price paid for all of our 2019 acquisitions through March 31, 2019 is as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
Cash Paid (gross of cash acquired)(1)
 
$
34,198

Purchase Price Holdbacks and Other
 
1,042

Total Consideration
 
35,240

Fair Value of Identifiable Assets Acquired:
 
 
Cash
 
2,273

Accounts Receivable, Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
 
2,845

Property, Plant and Equipment(2)
 
4,039

Customer Relationship Intangible Assets
 
13,589

Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets
 
10,541

Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other
Liabilities
 
(2,065
)
Operating Lease Liabilities
 
(10,541
)
Deferred Income Taxes
 
(1,574
)
Total Fair Value of Identifiable Net Assets Acquired
 
19,107

Goodwill Initially Recorded(3)
 
$
16,133

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
Included in cash paid for acquisitions in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is net cash acquired of $2,273 and contingent and other payments, net of $7,498 related to acquisitions made in previous years.
(2)
Consists primarily of leasehold improvements, racking structures and warehouse equipment. These assets are depreciated using the straight-line method with the useful lives as noted in Note 2.f. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report.
(3) The goodwill associated with acquisitions is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce, expanded market opportunities and costs and other operating synergies anticipated upon the integration of the operations of us and the acquired businesses.


24

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(3) Acquisitions (Continued)

See Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report for additional information regarding our allocations of the purchase price for acquisitions. The preliminary purchase price allocations that are not finalized as of March 31, 2019 primarily relate to the final assessment of the fair values of intangible assets and liabilities (primarily customer relationship intangible assets and data center lease-based intangible assets), property, plant and equipment (primarily building, building improvements, data center infrastructure and racking structures), right-of-use assets and liabilities associated with acquired operating leases, contingencies and income taxes (primarily deferred income taxes), primarily associated with the EvoSwitch Transaction (as defined in Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report), as well as other acquisitions we closed in 2019.
 
As the valuation of certain assets and liabilities for purposes of purchase price allocations are preliminary in nature, they are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances regarding these assets and liabilities that existed at the acquisition date. Any adjustments to our estimates of purchase price allocation will be made in the periods in which the adjustments are determined and the cumulative effect of such adjustments will be calculated as if the adjustments had been completed as of the acquisition dates. Adjustments recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2019 were not material to our results from operations.

Acquisition of IO Data Centers in 2018

On January 10, 2018, we completed the IODC Transaction. At the closing of the IODC Transaction, we paid approximately $1,347,000 . In February 2019, we paid approximately $31,000 in additional purchase price associated with the execution of customer contracts from the closing through the one-year anniversary of the IODC Transaction, which was accrued at December 31, 2018. This amount, net of amortization, is reported as a third-party commissions asset as a component of Other within Other assets, net, in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

The unaudited consolidated pro forma financial information (the "Pro Forma Financial Information") below summarizes the combined results of us and IODC on a pro forma basis as if the IODC Transaction had occurred on January 1, 2017. The Pro Forma Financial Information is presented for informational purposes and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2017. The Pro Forma Financial Information, for the period presented, includes purchase accounting adjustments (including amortization expenses from acquired intangible assets and depreciation of acquired property, plant and equipment). We and IODC collectively incurred $28,064 of operating expenditures to complete the IODC Transaction (including advisory and professional fees). These operating expenditures have been reflected within the results of operations in the Pro Forma Financial Information as if they were incurred on January 1, 2017.
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
Total Revenues
$
1,045,948

Income from Continuing Operations
$
55,566

Per Share Income from Continuing Operations - Basic
$
0.20

Per Share Income from Continuing Operations - Diluted
$
0.19

In addition to our acquisition of IODC, we completed certain other acquisitions during the first three months of 2019 and in fiscal year 2018. The Pro Forma Financial Information does not reflect these acquisitions due to the insignificant impact of these acquisitions on our consolidated results of operations.



25

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(4) Debt

Long-term debt is as follows:
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Debt (inclusive of discount)
 
Unamortized Deferred Financing Costs
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
 
Debt (inclusive of discount)
 
Unamortized Deferred Financing Costs
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair
Value
Revolving Credit Facility(1)
 
$
1,139,566

 
$
(13,332
)

$
1,126,234

 
$
1,139,566

 
 
$
793,832



$
(14,117
)

$
779,715

 
$
793,832

Term Loan A(1)
 
237,500

 

 
237,500

 
237,500

 
 
240,625





240,625

 
240,625

Term Loan B(2)
 
691,476

 
(8,430
)
 
683,046

 
670,478

 
 
693,169

 
(8,742
)
 
684,427

 
660,013

Australian Dollar Term Loan (the "AUD Term Loan")(3)
 
234,000

 
(2,893
)
 
231,107

 
235,587

 
 
233,955



(3,084
)

230,871

 
235,645

UK Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility ("UK Bilateral Facility")(4)
 
182,450

 
(2,255
)
 
180,195

 
182,450

 
 
178,299

 
(2,357
)
 
175,942

 
178,299

4 3 / 8 % Senior Notes due 2021 (the "4 3 / 8 % Notes")(5)
 
500,000

 
(3,725
)
 
496,275

 
502,500

 
 
500,000



(4,155
)

495,845

 
488,750

6% Senior Notes due 2023 (the "6% Notes due 2023")(5)
 
600,000

 
(4,851
)
 
595,149

 
615,000

 
 
600,000



(5,126
)

594,874

 
606,000

5 3 / 8 % CAD Senior Notes due 2023 (the "CAD Notes")
 
187,262

 
(2,424
)
 
184,838

 
189,444

 
 
183,403



(2,506
)

180,897

 
186,154

5 3 / 4 % Senior Subordinated Notes due 2024 (the "5 3 / 4 % Notes")(5)
 
1,000,000

 
(7,439
)
 
992,561

 
1,010,000

 
 
1,000,000



(7,782
)

992,218

 
940,000

3% Euro Senior Notes due 2025 (the "Euro Notes")(5)
 
336,557

 
(3,941
)
 
332,616

 
337,684

 
 
343,347



(4,098
)

339,249

 
321,029

3 7 / 8 % GBP Senior Notes due 2025 (the "GBP Notes")
 
521,286

 
(6,480
)
 
514,806

 
495,852

 
 
509,425



(6,573
)

502,852

 
453,811

5 3 / 8 % Senior Notes due 2026 (the "5 3 / 8 % Notes")
 
250,000

 
(3,078
)
 
246,922

 
246,875

 
 
250,000



(3,185
)

246,815

 
224,375

4 7 / 8 % Senior Notes due 2027 (the "4 7 / 8 % Notes")(5)
 
1,000,000

 
(12,086
)
 
987,914

 
957,500

 
 
1,000,000



(12,442
)

987,558

 
855,000

5 1 / 4 % Senior Notes due 2028 (the "5 1 / 4 % Notes")(5)
 
825,000

 
(10,628
)
 
814,372

 
798,188

 
 
825,000



(10,923
)

814,077

 
713,625

Real Estate Mortgages, Financing Lease Liabilities and Other
 
566,677

 
(431
)
 
566,246

 
566,677

 
 
606,702



(171
)

606,531

 
606,702

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program(6)
 
252,373

 
(184
)
 
252,189

 
252,373

 
 
221,673



(218
)

221,455

 
221,673

Mortgage Securitization Program(7)
 
50,000

 
(1,091
)
 
48,909

 
50,000

 
 
50,000

 
(1,128
)
 
48,872

 
50,000

Total Long-term Debt
 
8,574,147

 
(83,268
)
 
8,490,879

 
 

 
 
8,229,430


(86,607
)
 
8,142,823

 
 
Less Current Portion
 
(125,142
)
 

 
(125,142
)
 
 

 
 
(126,406
)



(126,406
)
 
 

Long-term Debt, Net of Current Portion
 
$
8,449,005

 
$
(83,268
)
 
$
8,365,737

 
 

 
 
$
8,103,024



$
(86,607
)
 
$
8,016,417

 
 

______________________________________________________________

26

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(4) Debt (Continued)

(1)
Collectively, the credit agreement ("Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement consists of a revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility") and a term loan (the "Term Loan A"). The Credit Agreement is scheduled to mature on June 3, 2023. Of the $1,139,566 of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility as of March 31, 2019, 965,800 was denominated in United States dollars, 94,200 was denominated in Canadian dollars and 92,000 was denominated in Euros. In addition, we also had various outstanding letters of credit totaling $37,271 . The remaining amount available for borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility as of March 31, 2019 was $573,163 (which amount represents the maximum availability as of such date). The average interest rate in effect under the Credit Agreement was 4.0% as of March 31, 2019 . The average interest rate in effect under the Revolving Credit Facility as of March 31, 2019 was 4.0% and the interest rate in effect under Term Loan A as of March 31, 2019 was 4.2% .
(2)
In connection with the 2018 First Amendment (as defined in Note 5 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report), Iron Mountain Information Management, LLC ("IMIM") entered into an incremental term loan activation notice (the "Activation Notice") with certain lenders pursuant to which the lenders party to the Activation Notice agreed to provide commitments to fund an incremental term loan B in the amount of $700,000 (the "Term Loan B"). On March 26, 2018, IMIM borrowed the full amount of the Term Loan B. The Term Loan B is scheduled to mature on January 2, 2026. The interest rate in effect as of March 31, 2019 was 4.3% . The amount of debt for the Term Loan B reflects an unamortized original issue discount of $1,524 and $1,581 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(3)
The interest rate in effect as of March 31, 2019 was 5.7% . We had 331,875 Australian dollars outstanding on the AUD Term Loan as of March 31, 2019. The amount of debt for the AUD Term Loan reflects an unamortized original issue discount of $1,587 and $1,690 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(4)
The interest rate in effect as of March 31, 2019 was 3.2% .
(5)
Collectively, the "Parent Notes".
(6)
The interest rate in effect as of March 31, 2019 was 3.5% .
(7)
The interest rate in effect as of March 31, 2019 was 3.5% .
See Note 4 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report for additional information regarding our Credit Agreement and our other long-term debt, including the direct obligors of each of our debt instruments as well as information regarding the fair value of our debt instruments (including the levels of the fair value hierarchy used to determine the fair value of our debt instruments). The levels of the fair value hierarchy used to determine the fair value of our debt as of March 31, 2019 are consistent with the levels of the fair value hierarchy used to determine the fair value of our debt as of December 31, 2018 (which are disclosed in our Annual Report). Additionally, see Note 5 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report for information regarding which of our consolidated subsidiaries guarantee certain of our debt instruments. There have been no material changes to our long-term debt since December 31, 2018.
Cash Pooling
As described in greater detail in Note 4 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report, certain of our subsidiaries participate in cash pooling arrangements (the “Cash Pools”) in order to help manage global liquidity requirements. We currently utilize two separate cash pools, one of which we utilize to manage global liquidity requirements for our QRSs (the "QRS Cash Pool") and the other for our TRSs (the "TRS Cash Pool").


27

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(4) Debt (Continued)

The approximate amount of the net cash position for our QRS Cash Pool and the TRS Cash Pool and the approximate amount of the gross position and outstanding debit balances for each of these pools as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Gross Cash Position
 
Outstanding Debit Balances
 
Net Cash Position
 
Gross Cash Position
 
Outstanding Debit Balances
 
Net Cash Position
QRS Cash Pool
$
271,400

 
$
(269,400
)
 
$
2,000

 
$
300,800

 
$
(298,800
)
 
$
2,000

TRS Cash Pool
281,100

 
(277,900
)
 
3,200

 
$
281,500

 
(279,300
)
 
2,200


The net cash position balances as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are reflected as cash and cash equivalents in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Debt Covenants
The Credit Agreement, our indentures and other agreements governing our indebtedness contain certain restrictive financial and operating covenants, including covenants that restrict our ability to complete acquisitions, pay cash dividends, incur indebtedness, make investments, sell assets and take certain other corporate actions. The covenants do not contain a rating trigger. Therefore, a change in our debt rating would not trigger a default under the Credit Agreement, our indentures or other agreements governing our indebtedness. The Credit Agreement uses EBITDAR-based calculations as the primary measures of financial performance, including leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios.
Our leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios under the Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, as well as our leverage ratio under our indentures as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Maximum/Minimum Allowable
Net total lease adjusted leverage ratio
5.8

 
5.6

 
Maximum allowable of 6.5
Net secured debt lease adjusted leverage ratio
2.8

 
2.6

 
Maximum allowable of 4.0
Bond leverage ratio (not lease adjusted)
6.1

 
5.8

 
Maximum allowable of 6.5-7.0(1)
Fixed charge coverage ratio
2.2

 
2.2

 
Minimum allowable of 1.5
______________________________________________________________
(1)
The maximum allowable leverage ratio under our indentures for the 4 7 / 8 % Notes, the GBP Notes and the 5 1 / 4 % Notes is 7.0 , while the maximum allowable leverage ratio under the indentures pertaining to our remaining senior and senior subordinated notes is 6.5 . In certain instances as provided in our indentures, we have the ability to incur additional indebtedness that would result in our bond leverage ratio exceeding the maximum allowable ratio under our indentures and still remain in compliance with the covenant.
Noncompliance with these leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and liquidity.


28

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(5) Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors and Non-Guarantors

The following data summarizes the consolidating results of IMI on the equity method of accounting as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and are prepared on the same basis as the consolidated financial statements.
The Parent Notes, the CAD Notes, the GBP Notes, and the 5 3 / 8 % Notes are guaranteed by the subsidiaries referred to below as the Guarantors. These subsidiaries are 100% owned by IMI. The guarantees are full and unconditional, as well as joint and several.
Additionally, IMI guarantees the CAD Notes, which were issued by Iron Mountain Canada Operations ULC ("Canada Company"), the GBP Notes, which were issued by Iron Mountain (UK) PLC ("IM UK"), and the 5 3 / 8 % Notes, which were issued by Iron Mountain US Holdings, Inc., which is one of the Guarantors. Canada Company and IM UK do not guarantee the Parent Notes. The subsidiaries that do not guarantee the Parent Notes, the CAD Notes, the GBP Notes, and the 5 3 / 8 % Notes are referred to below as the Non-Guarantors.
In the normal course of business, we periodically change the ownership structure of our subsidiaries to meet the requirements of our business. In the event of such changes, we recast the prior period financial information within this footnote to conform to the current period presentation in the period such changes occur. Generally, these changes do not alter the designation of the underlying subsidiaries as Guarantors or Non-Guarantors. However, they may change whether the underlying subsidiary is owned by the Parent, a Guarantor or a Non-Guarantor. If such a change occurs, the amount of investment in subsidiaries in the below Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and equity in the earnings (losses) of subsidiaries, net of tax in the below Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) with respect to the relevant Parent, Guarantors, Non-Guarantors and Eliminations columns also would change.

 



 

29

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(5) Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors and Non-Guarantors (Continued)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
March 31, 2019
 
Parent
 
Guarantors
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Assets
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Current Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Cash and cash equivalents(1)
$
11

 
$
122,114

 
$
109,991

 
$
(70,641
)
 
$
161,475

Accounts receivable

 
37,598

 
799,923

 

 
837,521

Intercompany receivable

 
1,032,582

 

 
(1,032,582
)
 

Prepaid expenses and other

 
110,223

 
100,660

 
(29
)
 
210,854

Total Current Assets
11

 
1,302,517

 
1,010,574

 
(1,103,252
)
 
1,209,850

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
168

 
2,999,744

 
1,525,671

 

 
4,525,583

Other Assets, Net:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Long-term notes receivable from affiliates and intercompany receivable
5,009,984

 

 

 
(5,009,984
)
 

Investment in subsidiaries
1,926,435

 
1,017,247

 

 
(2,943,682
)
 

Goodwill

 
2,857,855

 
1,607,523

 

 
4,465,378

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 
895,920

 
895,616

 

 
1,791,536

Other
5

 
976,403

 
720,608

 

 
1,697,016

Total Other Assets, Net
6,936,424

 
5,747,425

 
3,223,747

 
(7,953,666
)
 
7,953,930

Total Assets
$
6,936,603

 
$
10,049,686

 
$
5,759,992

 
$
(9,056,918
)
 
$
13,689,363

Liabilities and Equity
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Intercompany Payable
$
729,843

 
$

 
$
302,739

 
$
(1,032,582
)
 
$

Debit Balances Under Cash Pools

 

 
70,641

 
(70,641
)
 

Current Portion of Long-Term Debt

 
55,940

 
69,231

 
(29
)
 
125,142

Total Other Current Liabilities (includes current portion of operating lease liabilities)
224,825

 
632,699

 
532,467

 

 
1,389,991

Long-Term Debt, Net of Current Portion
4,218,887

 
2,212,686

 
1,934,164

 

 
8,365,737

Long-Term Operating Lease Liabilities, Net of Current Portion

 
832,007

 
824,652

 

 
1,656,659

Long-Term Notes Payable to Affiliates and Intercompany Payable

 
5,009,984

 

 
(5,009,984
)
 

Other Long-term Liabilities
3,647

 
51,575

 
262,776

 

 
317,998

Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 7)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

 

 
73,102

 

 
73,102

Total Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity           
1,759,401

 
1,254,795

 
1,688,887

 
(2,943,682
)
 
1,759,401

Noncontrolling Interests

 

 
1,333

 

 
1,333

Total Equity
1,759,401

 
1,254,795

 
1,690,220

 
(2,943,682
)
 
1,760,734

Total Liabilities and Equity
$
6,936,603

 
$
10,049,686

 
$
5,759,992

 
$
(9,056,918
)
 
$
13,689,363

______________________________________________________________
(1)
Included within Cash and Cash Equivalents at March 31, 2019 is approximately $76,000 and $0 of cash on deposit associated with our Cash Pools for the Guarantors and Non-Guarantors, respectively.



30

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(5) Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors and Non-Guarantors (Continued)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Continued)
 
December 31, 2018
 
Parent
 
Guarantors
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Assets
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Current Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Cash and cash equivalents(1)
$
132

 
$
61,650

 
$
169,318

 
$
(65,615
)
 
$
165,485

Accounts receivable

 
47,900

 
798,989

 

 
846,889

Intercompany receivable

 
818,463

 

 
(818,463
)
 

Prepaid expenses and other
93

 
108,879

 
86,797

 
(29
)
 
195,740

Total Current Assets
225

 
1,036,892

 
1,055,104

 
(884,107
)
 
1,208,114

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
190

 
3,002,104

 
1,487,263

 

 
4,489,557

Other Assets, Net:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Long-term notes receivable from affiliates and intercompany receivable
4,954,686

 

 

 
(4,954,686
)
 

Investment in subsidiaries
1,885,174

 
1,006,144

 

 
(2,891,318
)
 

Goodwill

 
2,858,539

 
1,582,491

 

 
4,441,030

Other

 
979,483

 
734,063

 

 
1,713,546

Total Other Assets, Net
6,839,860

 
4,844,166

 
2,316,554

 
(7,846,004
)
 
6,154,576

Total Assets
$
6,840,275

 
$
8,883,162

 
$
4,858,921

 
$
(8,730,111
)
 
$
11,852,247

Liabilities and Equity
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Intercompany Payable
$
462,927

 
$

 
$
355,536

 
$
(818,463
)
 
$

Debit Balances Under Cash Pools

 
10,612

 
55,003

 
(65,615
)
 

Current Portion of Long-Term Debt

 
63,703

 
62,732

 
(29
)
 
126,406

Total Other Current Liabilities
268,373

 
616,826

 
451,073

 

 
1,336,272

Long-Term Debt, Net of Current Portion
4,223,822

 
1,877,649

 
1,914,946

 

 
8,016,417

Long-Term Notes Payable to Affiliates and Intercompany Payable

 
4,954,686

 

 
(4,954,686
)
 

Other Long-term Liabilities
973

 
115,994

 
300,064

 

 
417,031

Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 7)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

 

 
70,532

 

 
70,532

Total Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity           
1,884,180

 
1,243,692

 
1,647,626

 
(2,891,318
)
 
1,884,180

Noncontrolling Interests

 

 
1,409

 

 
1,409

Total Equity
1,884,180

 
1,243,692

 
1,649,035

 
(2,891,318
)
 
1,885,589

Total Liabilities and Equity
$
6,840,275

 
$
8,883,162

 
$
4,858,921

 
$
(8,730,111
)
 
$
11,852,247

______________________________________________________________
(1)
Included within Cash and Cash Equivalents at December 31, 2018 is approximately $57,200 and $12,700 of cash on deposit associated with our Cash Pools for the Guarantors and Non-Guarantors, respectively.





31

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(5) Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors and Non-Guarantors (Continued)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
Parent
 
Guarantors
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Revenues:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Storage rental
$

 
$
403,741

 
$
259,233

 
$

 
$
662,974

Service


239,693

 
151,196



 
390,889

Intercompany revenues

 
1,154

 
4,923

 
(6,077
)
 

Total Revenues

 
644,588

 
415,352

 
(6,077
)
 
1,053,863

Operating Expenses:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)

 
263,137

 
198,407

 

 
461,544

Intercompany

 
4,923

 
1,154

 
(6,077
)
 

Selling, general and administrative
87

 
187,822

 
82,650




270,559

Depreciation and amortization
23

 
102,954

 
59,506

 

 
162,483

(Gain) Loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net

 
574

 
28

 

 
602

Total Operating Expenses
110

 
559,410

 
341,745

 
(6,077
)
 
895,188

Operating (Loss) Income
(110
)
 
85,178

 
73,607

 

 
158,675

Interest Expense (Income), Net(1)
49,625

 
4,057

 
48,754

 

 
102,436

Other Expense (Income), Net
182

 
527

 
14,501

 

 
15,210

(Loss) Income from Continuing Operations Before Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
(49,917
)

80,594

 
10,352




41,029

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

 
1,301

 
9,252

 

 
10,553

Equity in the (Earnings) Losses of Subsidiaries, Net of Tax
(79,478
)
 
4,158

 

 
75,320

 

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
29,561

 
75,135

 
1,100

 
(75,320
)
 
30,476

(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

 
(24
)
 

 

 
(24
)
Net Income (Loss)
29,561

 
75,111

 
1,100

 
(75,320
)
 
30,452

Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

 

 
891

 

 
891

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
$
29,561

 
$
75,111

 
$
209

 
$
(75,320
)
 
$
29,561

Net Income (Loss)
$
29,561

 
$
75,111

 
$
1,100

 
$
(75,320
)
 
$
30,452

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
6,141

 

 
12,050

 

 
18,191

Change in fair value of interest rate swap agreements
(2,674
)
 

 

 

 
(2,674
)
Equity in Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income of Subsidiaries
11,237

 
7,156

 

 
(18,393
)
 

Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
14,704

 
7,156

 
12,050

 
(18,393
)
 
15,517

Comprehensive Income (Loss)
44,265

 
82,267

 
13,150

 
(93,713
)
 
45,969

Comprehensive (Loss) Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

 

 
1,704

 

 
1,704

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
$
44,265

 
$
82,267

 
$
11,446

 
$
(93,713
)
 
$
44,265

_____________________________________________________________
(1)
Included within Interest Expense (Income), Net are intercompany management fees and royalty fees, which are eliminated in our consolidated financial statements.


32

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(5) Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors and Non-Guarantors (Continued)


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Continued)
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
Parent
 
Guarantors
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Revenues:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Storage rental
$

 
$
396,476

 
$
254,673

 
$

 
$
651,149

Service

 
230,230

 
161,079

 

 
391,309

Intercompany revenues

 
1,205

 
4,491

 
(5,696
)
 

Total Revenues

 
627,911

 
420,243

 
(5,696
)
 
1,042,458

Operating Expenses:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 


Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)

 
246,163

 
202,558

 

 
448,721

Intercompany cost of sales

 
4,491

 
1,205

 
(5,696
)
 

Selling, general and administrative
43

 
185,348

 
84,339

 

 
269,730

Depreciation and amortization
33

 
102,446

 
58,099

 

 
160,578

(Gain) Loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net

 
(356
)
 
(774
)
 

 
(1,130
)
Total Operating Expenses
76

 
538,092

 
345,427

 
(5,696
)
 
877,899

Operating (Loss) Income
(76
)
 
89,819

 
74,816

 

 
164,559

Interest Expense (Income), Net(1)
49,941

 
(1,508
)
 
49,193

 

 
97,626

Other (Income) Expense, Net
(1,157
)
 
1,560

 
19,748

 

 
20,151

(Loss) Income from Continuing Operations Before Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
(48,860
)
 
89,767

 
5,875

 

 
46,782

(Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes

 
(6,712
)
 
7,880

 

 
1,168

Equity in the (Earnings) Losses of Subsidiaries, Net of Tax
(93,544
)
 
2,865

 

 
90,679

 

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
44,684

 
93,614

 
(2,005
)
 
(90,679
)
 
45,614

(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations

 
(422
)
 
(40
)
 

 
(462
)
Net Income (Loss)
44,684

 
93,192

 
(2,045
)
 
(90,679
)
 
45,152

Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

 

 
468

 

 
468

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
$
44,684

 
$
93,192

 
$
(2,513
)
 
$
(90,679
)
 
$
44,684

Net Income (Loss)
$
44,684

 
$
93,192

 
$
(2,045
)
 
$
(90,679
)
 
$
45,152

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
(5,635
)
 

 
37,286

 

 
31,651

Change in fair value of interest rate swap agreements
(185
)
 

 

 

 
(185
)
Equity in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) of Subsidiaries
35,732

 
38,336

 

 
(74,068
)
 

Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
29,912

 
38,336

 
37,286

 
(74,068
)
 
31,466

Comprehensive Income (Loss)
74,596

 
131,528

 
35,241

 
(164,747
)
 
76,618

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

 

 
2,027

 

 
2,027

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
$
74,596

 
$
131,528

 
$
33,214

 
$
(164,747
)
 
$
74,591

_____________________________________________________________
(1)
Included within Interest Expense (Income), Net are intercompany management fees and royalty fees, which are eliminated in our consolidated financial statements.

33

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(5) Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors and Non-Guarantors (Continued)

 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
Parent
 
Guarantors
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities—Continuing Operations
$
(68,310
)
 
$
116,235

 
$
69,142

 
$

 
$
117,067

Cash Flows from Operating Activities—Discontinued Operations

 

 

 

 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
(68,310
)
 
116,235

 
$
69,142

 
$

 
$
117,067

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Capital expenditures

 
(84,766
)
 
(99,999
)
 

 
(184,765
)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired

 
(9,508
)
 
(29,915
)
 

 
(39,423
)
Intercompany loans to subsidiaries
252,175

 
22,859

 

 
(275,034
)
 

Acquisitions of customer relationships, customer inducements and data center lease-based intangibles

 
(49,301
)
 
(18,611
)
 

 
(67,912
)
Investments in joint ventures (see Note 9)

 
(19,222
)
 

 

 
(19,222
)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment and other, net

 
36

 
69

 

 
105

Cash Flows from Investing Activities—Continuing Operations
252,175

 
(139,902
)
 
(148,456
)
 
(275,034
)
 
(311,217
)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities—Discontinued Operations

 

 

 

 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
252,175

 
(139,902
)
 
(148,456
)
 
(275,034
)
 
(311,217
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Repayment of revolving credit facility, term loan facilities and other debt

 
(410,563
)
 
(940,679
)
 

 
(1,351,242
)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility, term loan facilities and other debt

 
734,243

 
989,219

 

 
1,723,462

Debit (payments) balances under cash pools

 
(10,612
)
 
15,638

 
(5,026
)
 

Debt (repayment to) financing from and equity (distribution to) contribution from noncontrolling interests, net

 

 
(498
)
 

 
(498
)
Intercompany loans from parent

 
(228,937
)
 
(46,097
)
 
275,034

 

Parent cash dividends
(178,023
)
 

 

 

 
(178,023
)
Net (payments) proceeds associated with employee stock-based awards
(5,963
)
 

 

 

 
(5,963
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities—Continuing Operations
(183,986
)
 
84,131

 
17,583

 
270,008

 
187,736

Cash Flows from Financing Activities—Discontinued Operations

 

 

 

 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
(183,986
)
 
84,131

 
17,583

 
270,008

 
187,736

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

 

 
2,404

 

 
2,404

(Decrease) Increase in cash and cash equivalents
(121
)
 
60,464

 
(59,327
)
 
(5,026
)
 
(4,010
)
Cash and cash equivalents, including Restricted Cash, beginning of period
132

 
61,650

 
169,318

 
(65,615
)
 
165,485

Cash and cash equivalents, including Restricted Cash,
end of period
$
11

 
$
122,114

 
$
109,991


$
(70,641
)
 
$
161,475


 

34

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(5) Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors and Non-Guarantors (Continued)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
Parent
 
Guarantors
 
Non-
Guarantors
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities—Continuing Operations
$
(66,516
)
 
$
96,674

 
$
61,410

 
$

 
$
91,568

Cash Flows from Operating Activities—Discontinued Operations

 

 

 

 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
(66,516
)
 
96,674

 
61,410

 

 
91,568

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Capital expenditures

 
(62,148
)
 
(33,457
)
 

 
(95,605
)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired

 
(1,315,549
)
 
(113,425
)
 

 
(1,428,974
)
Intercompany loans to subsidiaries
157,737

 
208,443

 

 
(366,180
)
 

Acquisitions of customer relationships, customer inducements and data center lease-based intangibles

 
(11,874
)
 
(6,172
)
 

 
(18,046
)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment and other, net

 
(19,466
)
 
79

 

 
(19,387
)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities—Continuing Operations
157,737

 
(1,200,594
)
 
(152,975
)
 
(366,180
)
 
(1,562,012
)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities—Discontinued Operations

 

 

 

 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
157,737

 
(1,200,594
)
 
(152,975
)
 
(366,180
)
 
(1,562,012
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Repayment of revolving credit facility, term loan facilities and other debt

 
(2,308,119
)
 
(2,102,537
)
 

 
(4,410,656
)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility, term loan facilities and other debt

 
3,067,988

 
2,428,503

 

 
5,496,491

Debit (payments) balances under cash pools

 
(51,946
)
 
(11,733
)
 
63,679

 

Debt (repayment to) financing from and equity (distribution to) contribution from noncontrolling interests, net

 

 
(561
)
 

 
(561
)
Intercompany loans from parent

 
(154,184
)
 
(211,996
)
 
366,180

 

Parent cash dividends
(169,006
)
 

 

 

 
(169,006
)
Net (payments) proceeds associated with employee stock-based awards
(5,950
)
 

 

 

 
(5,950
)
Net proceeds associated with the Over-Allotment Option exercise
76,192

 

 

 

 
76,192

Net proceeds associated with the At the Market (ATM) Program
8,716

 

 

 

 
8,716

Payment of debt financing and stock issuance costs              
(412
)
 
(9,075
)
 
(487
)
 

 
(9,974
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities—Continuing Operations
(90,460
)
 
544,664

 
101,189

 
429,859

 
985,252

Cash Flows from Financing Activities—Discontinued Operations

 

 

 

 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
(90,460
)
 
544,664

 
101,189

 
429,859

 
985,252

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

 

 
1,984

 

 
1,984

Increase (Decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
761

 
(559,256
)
 
11,608

 
63,679

 
(483,208
)
Cash and cash equivalents, including Restricted Cash, beginning of period
2,433

 
634,317

 
383,675

 
(94,726
)
 
925,699

Cash and cash equivalents, including Restricted Cash,
end of period
$
3,194

 
$
75,061

 
$
395,283

 
$
(31,047
)
 
$
442,491


35

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(6) Segment Information

Our six reportable operating segments as of December 31, 2018 are described in Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report and are as follows:
North American Records and Information Management Business
North American Data Management Business
Western European Business
Other International Business
Global Data Center Business
Corporate and Other Business

There have been no changes made to our reportable operating segments since December 31, 2018, other than the impact of the Consumer Storage Transaction (as defined in Note 9). Prior to the Consumer Storage Transaction, our consumer storage business was a component of our Corporate and Other Business Segment. The previously reported segment information has been restated to conform to the current presentation and reflects the changes to our reportable operating segments that occurred in fourth quarter of 2018 as described in Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report. The operations associated with acquisitions completed during the first three months of 2019 have been incorporated into our existing reportable operating segments.


36

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(6) Segment Information (Continued)

An analysis of our business segment information and reconciliation to the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements is as follows:
 
 
North American
Records and
Information
Management
Business
 
North American
Data
Management
Business
 
Western European Business
 
Other International Business
 
Global Data Center Business
 
Corporate
and Other
Business
 
Total
Consolidated
As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Revenues
 
$
527,380

 
$
96,747

 
$
128,753

 
$
200,956

 
$
61,536

 
$
38,491

 
$
1,053,863

Storage Rental
 
306,986

 
66,572

 
80,695

 
129,473

 
59,718

 
19,530

 
662,974

Service
 
220,394

 
30,175

 
48,058

 
71,483

 
1,818

 
18,961

 
390,889

Depreciation and Amortization
 
60,002

 
10,202

 
15,257

 
30,599

 
31,632

 
14,791

 
162,483

Depreciation
 
45,752

 
8,013

 
10,947

 
18,218

 
19,013

 
12,668

 
114,611

Amortization
 
14,250

 
2,189

 
4,310

 
12,381

 
12,619

 
2,123

 
47,872

Adjusted EBITDA
 
223,683

 
50,552

 
39,209

 
58,124

 
26,011

 
(73,073
)
 
324,506

Total Assets(1)
 
5,823,817

 
902,514

 
1,414,878

 
2,686,938

 
2,310,001

 
551,215

 
13,689,363

Expenditures for Segment Assets
 
56,265

 
5,632

 
30,101

 
31,254

 
153,705

 
15,143

 
292,100

Capital Expenditures (see Liquidity and Capital Resources section of Management's Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations)
 
28,688

 
5,632

 
2,116

 
15,149

 
121,557

 
11,623

 
184,765

Cash Paid (Received) for Acquisitions, Net of Cash Acquired
 
9,876

 

 
11,484

 
14,543

 

 
3,520

 
39,423

Acquisitions of Customer Relationships, Customer Inducements and Contract Fulfillment Costs and third-party commissions.
 
17,701

 

 
16,501

 
1,562

 
32,148

 

 
67,912

As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

Total Revenues
 
$
526,843

 
$
99,964

 
$
134,075

 
$
210,767

 
$
46,603

 
$
24,206

 
$
1,042,458

Storage Rental
 
304,819

 
69,246

 
83,952

 
131,747

 
45,495

 
15,890

 
651,149

Service
 
222,024

 
30,718

 
50,123

 
79,020

 
1,108

 
8,316

 
391,309

Depreciation and Amortization
 
62,752

 
10,104

 
17,556

 
31,873

 
22,268

 
16,025

 
160,578

Depreciation
 
49,138

 
8,023

 
12,758

 
19,064

 
11,380

 
13,069

 
113,432

Amortization
 
13,614

 
2,081

 
4,798

 
12,809

 
10,888

 
2,956

 
47,146

Adjusted EBITDA
 
225,738

 
53,852

 
43,966

 
60,747

 
20,790

 
(62,078
)
 
343,015

Total Assets(1)
 
5,030,238

 
833,690

 
917,155

 
2,441,685

 
1,875,766

 
899,615

 
11,998,149

Expenditures for Segment Assets
 
43,181

 
6,853

 
7,480

 
32,160

 
1,438,012

 
14,939

 
1,542,625

Capital Expenditures (see Liquidity and Capital Resources section of Management's Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations)
 
29,870

 
6,853

 
6,047

 
25,142

 
13,111

 
14,582

 
95,605

Cash Paid (Received) for Acquisitions, Net of Cash Acquired
 
1,551

 

 

 
3,208

 
1,424,215

 

 
1,428,974

Acquisitions of Customer Relationships, Customer Inducements and Contract Fulfillment Costs
 
11,760

 

 
1,433

 
3,810

 
686

 
357

 
18,046

______________________________________________________________
(1)
Excludes all intercompany receivables or payables and investment in subsidiary balances. Total assets as of March 31, 2019 reflects the adoption of ASU 2016-02.


37

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(6) Segment Information (Continued)

The accounting policies of the reportable operating segments are the same as those described in Note 2 and in Note 2 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report. Adjusted EBITDA for each segment is defined as income (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, net, provision (benefit) for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and also excludes certain items that we believe are not indicative of our core operating results, specifically: (i) (gain) loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net (including real estate); (ii) intangible impairments; (iii) other expense (income), net (which includes foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net); and (iv) Significant Acquisition Costs (as defined below). Internally, we use Adjusted EBITDA as the basis for evaluating the performance of, and allocating resources to, our operating segments.
A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to income (loss) from continuing operations on a consolidated basis is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Adjusted EBITDA
$
324,506

 
$
343,015

(Add)/Deduct:
 
 
 
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
10,553

 
1,168

Other Expense (Income), Net
15,210

 
20,151

Interest Expense, Net
102,436

 
97,626

Loss (gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net
602

 
(1,130
)
Depreciation and Amortization
162,483

 
160,578

Significant Acquisition Costs(1)
2,746

 
19,008

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
$
30,476

 
$
45,614

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
As defined in Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report.


38

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(6) Segment Information (Continued)

Information as to our revenues by product and service lines by segment are as follows:
 
 
North
American
Records and Information Management Business
 
North
American
Data
Management
Business
 
Western European Business
 
Other International Business
 
Global Data Center Business
 
Corporate and
Other Business
 
Total
Consolidated
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Records Management(1)
 
$
427,367

 
$

 
$
108,707

 
$
172,977

 
$

 
$
24,345

 
$
733,396

Data Management(1)
 

 
93,989

 
19,886

 
19,227

 

 
14,146

 
147,248

Information Destruction(1)(2)
 
100,013

 
2,758

 
160

 
8,752

 

 

 
111,683

Data Center
 

 

 

 

 
61,536

 

 
61,536

Total Revenues
 
$
527,380

 
$
96,747


$
128,753

 
$
200,956

 
$
61,536

 
$
38,491

 
$
1,053,863

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Records Management(1)
 
$
435,002

 
$

 
$
113,759

 
$
181,330

 
$

 
$
10,404

 
$
740,495

Data Management(1)
 

 
97,594

 
20,219

 
20,478

 

 
13,802

 
152,093

Information Destruction(1)(2)
 
91,841

 
2,370

 
97

 
8,959

 

 

 
103,267

Data Center
 

 

 

 

 
46,603

 

 
46,603

Total Revenues
 
$
526,843

 
$
99,964

 
$
134,075

 
$
210,767

 
$
46,603

 
$
24,206

 
$
1,042,458

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
Each of the offerings within our product and service lines has a component of revenue that is storage rental related and a component that is service revenues, except for information destruction, which does not have a storage rental component.
(2)
Includes secure shredding services.

39

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(7) Commitments and Contingencies

We are involved in litigation from time to time in the ordinary course of business. A portion of the defense and/or settlement costs associated with such litigation is covered by various commercial liability insurance policies purchased by us and, in limited cases, indemnification from third parties. Our policy is to establish reserves for loss contingencies when the losses are both probable and reasonably able to be estimated. We record legal costs associated with loss contingencies as expenses in the period in which they are incurred. There have been no material updates or changes to the matters disclosed in Note 10 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report, nor have there been any new material loss contingencies since December 31, 2018. We believe that the resolution of the matters disclosed in Note 10 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. We have estimated a reasonably possible range for all loss contingencies, including those disclosed in Note 10 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report, and believe it is reasonably possible that we could incur aggregate losses in addition to amounts currently accrued for all matters up to an additional $17,500 over the next several years, of which certain amounts would be covered by insurance or indemnity arrangements.
(8) Stockholders' Equity Matters
Our board of directors has adopted a dividend policy under which we have paid, and in the future intend to pay, quarterly cash dividends on our common stock. The amount and timing of future dividends will continue to be subject to the approval of our board of directors, in its sole discretion, and to applicable legal requirements.
In fiscal year 2018 and the first three months of 2019, our board of directors declared the following dividends:
Declaration Date
 
Dividend
Per Share
 
Record Date
 
Total
Amount
 
Payment Date
February 14, 2018
 
$
0.5875

 
March 15, 2018
 
$
167,969

 
April 2, 2018
May 24, 2018
 
0.5875

 
June 15, 2018
 
168,078

 
July 2, 2018
July 24, 2018
 
0.5875

 
September 17, 2018
 
168,148

 
October 2, 2018
October 25, 2018
 
0.6110

 
December 17, 2018
 
174,935

 
January 3, 2019
February 7, 2019
 
0.6110

 
March 15, 2019
 
175,242

 
April 2, 2019
At The Market (ATM) Equity Program
As described in greater detail in Note 12 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report, we entered into a distribution agreement with a syndicate of 10 banks (the “Agents”) pursuant to which we may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate sales price of $500,000 of our common stock through the Agents (the “At The Market (ATM) Equity Program”). There were no shares of common stock sold under the At The Market (ATM) Equity Program during the three months ended March 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, the remaining aggregate sale price of shares of our common stock available for distribution under the At The Market (ATM) Equity Program was approximately $431,200 .



40

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(9) Divestments

On March 19, 2019, we contributed our customer contracts and certain intellectual property and other assets used by us to operate our consumer storage business in the United States and Canada (the "IM Consumer Storage Assets") and approximately $20,000 in cash (gross of certain transaction expenses) (the "Cash Contribution") to a joint venture entity, Makespace LLC (the "Makespace JV"), established by us and Makespace Labs, Inc. ("Makespace"), a consumer storage services provider (the "Consumer Storage Transaction"). At the closing date of the Consumer Storage Transaction, the Makespace JV owned (i) the IM Consumer Storage Assets, (ii) the Cash Contribution and (iii) the customer contracts, intellectual property and certain other assets used by Makespace to operate its consumer storage business in the United States. As part of the Consumer Storage Transaction, we received an equity interest of approximately 34% in the Makespace JV (the "Makespace Investment"). In connection with the Consumer Storage Transaction and the Makespace Investment, we also entered into a storage and service agreement with the Makespace JV to provide certain storage and related services to the Makespace JV (see Note 11).

We have concluded that the divestment of the IM Consumer Storage Assets in the Consumer Storage Transaction does not meet the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements, as our decision to divest this business does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations and financial results. Accordingly, the revenues and expenses associated with this business are presented as a component of income (loss) from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and the cash flows associated with this business are presented as a component of cash flows from continuing operations in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, through the closing date of the Consumer Storage Transaction.

As a result of the Consumer Storage Transaction, we recorded a gain on sale of approximately $4,200 to Other expense (income), net, in the first quarter of 2019, representing the excess of the fair value of the consideration received over the sum of (i) the carrying value of our consumer storage operations and (ii) the Cash Contribution. At the closing date of the Consumer Storage Transaction, the fair value of the Makespace Investment was approximately $27,500 and is presented as a component of Other within Other assets, net in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2019. We account for the Makespace Investment as an equity method investment.
 


41

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
(10) Significant Acquisition Costs

Significant Acquisition Costs included in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)
$
898

 
$
296

Selling, general and administrative expenses
1,848

 
18,712

Total Significant Acquisition Costs
$
2,746

 
$
19,008


Significant Acquisition Costs included in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations by segment are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
North American Records and Information Management Business
$
378

 
$
584

North American Data Management Business

 

Western European Business

 
2,152

Other International Business
502

 
537

Global Data Center Business
143

 
10,181

Corporate and Other Business
1,723

 
5,554

Total Significant Acquisition Costs
$
2,746

 
$
19,008

(11) Related Party Transactions
In connection with the Consumer Storage Transaction and the Makespace Investment (both as described more fully in Note 9), we also entered into a storage and service agreement with the Makespace JV to provide certain storage and related services to the Makespace JV (the "Makespace Agreement"). Revenues and expenses associated with the Makespace Agreement are presented as a component of our North American Records and Information Management Business segment. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recognized an immaterial amount of revenue associated with the Makespace Agreement.

42


IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto for the three months ended March 31, 2019 , included herein, and our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018 , included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 14, 2019 (our "Annual Report").
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We have made statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Quarterly Report") that constitute "forward-looking statements" as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other securities laws. These forward-looking statements concern our operations, economic performance, financial condition, goals, beliefs, future growth strategies, investment objectives, plans and current expectations, such as our (1) commitment to future dividend payments, (2) expected growth of records stored with us from existing customers, (3) expected 2019 consolidated organic storage rental revenue growth rate, consolidated organic total revenue growth rate and capital expenditures, (4) expectation that profits will increase in our emerging markets, (5) expectation that our growth portfolio will become a large part of our business over time, (6) statements made in relation (i) to our acquisition of Recall Holdings Limited ("Recall") pursuant to the Scheme Implementation Deed, as amended, with Recall (the "Recall Transaction") and (ii) our acquisition of IO Data Centers, LLC ("IODC"), including the total acquisition expenditures related to Recall and IODC and the cost to integrate Recall into our existing operations, (7) statements regarding our expectation to reduce our leverage ratio and (8) our ability to close pending acquisitions. These forward-looking statements are subject to various known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. When we use words such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates" or similar expressions, we are making forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our expected results may not be achieved, and actual results may differ materially from our expectations. In addition, important factors that could cause actual results to differ from expectations include, among others:
our ability to remain qualified for taxation as a real estate investment trust for United States federal income tax purposes ("REIT");
the adoption of alternative technologies and shifts by our customers to storage of data through non-paper based technologies;
changes in customer preferences and demand for our storage and information management services;
the cost to comply with current and future laws, regulations and customer demands relating to data security and privacy issues, as well as fire and safety standards;
the impact of litigation or disputes that may arise in connection with incidents in which we fail to protect our customers' information or our internal records or information technology ("IT") systems and the impact of such incidents on our reputation and ability to compete;
changes in the price for our storage and information management services relative to the cost of providing such storage and information management services;
changes in the political and economic environments in the countries in which our international subsidiaries operate and changes in the global political climate;
our ability or inability to manage growth, expand internationally, complete acquisitions on satisfactory terms, to close pending acquisitions and to integrate acquired companies efficiently;
changes in the amount of our growth and maintenance capital expenditures and our ability to invest according to plan;
our ability to comply with our existing debt obligations and restrictions in our debt instruments or to obtain additional financing to meet our working capital needs;
the impact of service interruptions or equipment damage and the cost of power on our data center operations;
changes in the cost of our debt;
the impact of alternative, more attractive investments on dividends;
the cost or potential liabilities associated with real estate necessary for our business;
the performance of business partners upon whom we depend for technical assistance or management expertise outside the United States; and
other trends in competitive or economic conditions affecting our financial condition or results of operations not presently contemplated.

43

Table of Contents

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements except as statements of our present intentions and of our present expectations, which may or may not occur. You should read these cautionary statements as being applicable to all forward-looking statements wherever they appear. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to release publicly the result of any revision to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Readers are also urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures we have made in this Quarterly Report, as well as our other periodic reports filed with the SEC including under "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report.
Overview
The following discussions set forth, for the periods indicated, management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations. Significant trends and changes are discussed for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 within each section.
IODC Acquisition
On January 10, 2018, we completed the acquisition of the United States operations of IODC (the "IODC Transaction"). At the closing of the IODC Transaction, we paid approximately $1,347.0 million . In February 2019, we paid approximately $31.0 million in additional purchase price associated with the execution of customer contracts from the closing through the one-year anniversary of the IODC Transaction. See Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report for additional information.
Divestments
a. Consumer Storage Transaction
On March 19, 2019, we contributed our customer contracts and certain intellectual property and other assets used by us to operate our consumer storage business in the United States and Canada (the "IM Consumer Storage Assets") and approximately$20.0 million in cash (gross of certain transaction expenses) (the "Cash Contribution") to a joint venture entity, Makespace LLC (the "Makespace JV"), established by us and Makespace Labs, Inc. ("Makespace"), a consumer storage services provider (the "Consumer Storage Transaction"). At the closing date of the Consumer Storage Transaction, the Makespace JV owned (i) the IM Consumer Storage Assets, (ii) the Cash Contribution and (iii) the customer contracts, intellectual property and certain other assets used by Makespace to operate its consumer storage business in the United States. As part of the Consumer Storage Transaction, we received an equity interest of approximately 34% in the Makespace JV (the "Makespace Investment").
As described in Note 9 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report, the divestment of the IM Consumer Storage Assets in the Consumer Storage Transaction does not meet the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements. In connection with the Consumer Storage Transaction and the Makespace Investment, we also entered into a storage and service agreement with the Makespace JV to provide certain storage and related services to the Makespace JV (the "Makespace Agreement"). Revenues and expenses associated with the Makespace Agreement are presented as a component of our North American Records and Information Management Business segment. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recognized an immaterial amount of revenue associated with the Makespace Agreement.

As a result of the Consumer Storage Transaction, we recorded a gain on sale of approximately $4.2 million to Other expense (income), net, in the first quarter of 2019, representing the excess of the fair value of the consideration received over the sum of (i) carrying value of our consumer storage operations and (ii) the Cash Contribution.

b. IMFS Divestment
On September 28, 2018, Iron Mountain Fulfillment Services, Inc., a consolidated subsidiary of Iron Mountain Incorporated ("IMI") that operated our fulfillment services business in the United States, sold substantially all of its assets for total consideration of approximately $3.0 million (the "IMFS Divestment"). As described in Note 13 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report, we have concluded that the IMFS Divestment does not meet the criteria to be reported as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements, as our decision to divest this business does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations and financial results. Our fulfillment services business represented approximately $7.4 million and $1.2 million of total revenues and income from continuing operations, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2018.



44

Table of Contents

Significant Acquisition Costs
We currently estimate total acquisition and integration expenditures associated with the Recall Transaction and acquisition expenditures associated with the IODC Transaction to be approximately $405.0 million , the substantial majority of which was incurred prior to the end of 2018. From January 1, 2015 through March 31, 2019 , we have incurred cumulative operating and capital expenditures associated with the Recall Transaction and the IODC Transaction of $392.0 million , including $317.3 million of Significant Acquisition Costs (as defined in Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report) and $74.7 million of capital expenditures. We expect the remaining amount of these operating and capital expenditures will be primarily related to moving costs associated with facility consolidation and system upgrade costs.
General
Our revenues consist of storage rental revenues as well as service revenues and are reflected net of sales and value added taxes. Storage rental revenues, which are considered a key driver of financial performance for the storage and information management services industry, consist primarily of recurring periodic rental charges related to the storage of materials or data (generally on a per unit basis) that are typically retained by customers for many years, technology escrow services that protect and manage source code, data backup and storage on our proprietary cloud and revenues associated with our data center operations. Service revenues include charges for related service activities, the most significant of which include: (1) the handling of records, including the addition of new records, temporary removal of records from storage, refiling of removed records and courier operations, consisting primarily of the pickup and delivery of records upon customer request; (2) destruction services, consisting primarily of secure shredding of sensitive documents and the related sale of recycled paper, the price of which can fluctuate from period to period, and customer termination and permanent removal fees; (3) other services, including the scanning, imaging and document conversion services of active and inactive records and project revenues; (4) consulting services; and (5) cloud-related data protection, preservation, restoration and recovery. Our service revenue growth has been negatively impacted by declining activity rates as stored records are becoming less active. While customers continue to store their records and tapes with us, they are less likely than they have been in the past to retrieve records for research and other purposes, thereby reducing service activity levels.

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization) consists primarily of wages and benefits for field personnel, facility occupancy costs (including rent and utilities), transportation expenses (including vehicle leases and fuel), other product cost of sales and other equipment costs and supplies. Of these, wages and benefits and facility occupancy costs are the most significant. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of wages and benefits for management, administrative, information technology, sales, account management and marketing personnel, as well as expenses related to communications and data processing, travel, professional fees, bad debts, training, office equipment and supplies.

The expansion of our international businesses has impacted the major cost of sales components and selling, general and administrative expenses. Our international operations are more labor intensive relative to revenue than our operations in North America and, therefore, labor costs are a higher percentage of international segment revenue. In addition, the overhead structure of our expanding international operations has generally not achieved the same level of overhead leverage as our North American segments, which may result in an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenue as our international operations become a larger percentage of our consolidated results.

Our consolidated revenues and expenses are subject to the net effect of foreign currency translation related to our operations outside the United States. It is difficult to predict the future fluctuations of foreign currency exchange rates and how those fluctuations will impact our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result of the relative size of our international operations, these fluctuations may be material on individual balances. Our revenues and expenses from our international operations are generally denominated in the local currency of the country in which they are derived or incurred. Therefore, the impact of currency fluctuations on our operating income and operating margin is partially mitigated. In order to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed excluding the effect of foreign currency fluctuations, we compare the percentage change in the results from one period to another period in this report using constant currency presentation. The constant currency growth rates are calculated by translating the 2018 results at the 2019 average exchange rates. Constant currency growth rates are a non-GAAP measure.


45

Table of Contents

The following table is a comparison of underlying average exchange rates of the foreign currencies that had the most significant impact on our United States dollar-reported revenues and expenses:
 
Percentage of United States Dollar-Reported
Revenue for the
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
Average Exchange
Rates for the
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
Percentage
Strengthening /
(Weakening) of
Foreign Currency
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Australian dollar
3.4
%
 
3.9
%
 
$
0.712

 
$
0.786

 
(9.4
)%
Brazilian real
2.7
%
 
3.1
%
 
$
0.265

 
$
0.308

 
(14.0
)%
British pound sterling
6.6
%
 
6.8
%
 
$
1.302

 
$
1.391

 
(6.4
)%
Canadian dollar
5.8
%
 
6.1
%
 
$
0.752

 
$
0.791

 
(4.9
)%
Euro
7.5
%
 
7.0
%
 
$
1.136

 
$
1.229

 
(7.6
)%
 
The percentage of United States dollar-reported revenues for all other foreign currencies was 12.7% and 12.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Non-GAAP Measures
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as income (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, net, provision (benefit) for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and also excludes certain items that we believe are not indicative of our core operating results, specifically: (1) (gain) loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment (including real estate), net; (2) intangible impairments; (3) other expense (income), net (which includes foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net); and (4) Significant Acquisition Costs. Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by total revenues. We use multiples of current or projected Adjusted EBITDA in conjunction with our discounted cash flow models to determine our estimated overall enterprise valuation and to evaluate acquisition targets. We believe Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin provide our current and potential investors with relevant and useful information regarding our ability to generate cash flow to support business investment. These measures are an integral part of the internal reporting system we use to assess and evaluate the operating performance of our business.

Adjusted EBITDA excludes both interest expense, net and the provision (benefit) for income taxes. These expenses are associated with our capitalization and tax structures, which we do not consider when evaluating the operating profitability of our core operations. Finally, Adjusted EBITDA does not include depreciation and amortization expenses, in order to eliminate the impact of capital investments, which we evaluate by comparing capital expenditures to incremental revenue generated and as a percentage of total revenues. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for, other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"), such as operating income, income (loss) from continuing operations, net income (loss) or cash flows from operating activities from continuing operations (as determined in accordance with GAAP).
Reconciliation of Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations to Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
$
30,476

 
$
45,614

Add/(Deduct):
 
 


Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
10,553

 
1,168

Other Expense (Income), Net
15,210

 
20,151

Interest Expense, Net
102,436

 
97,626

Loss (Gain) on Disposal/Write-Down of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
602

 
(1,130
)
Depreciation and Amortization
162,483

 
160,578

Significant Acquisition Costs
2,746

 
19,008

Adjusted EBITDA
$
324,506

 
$
343,015






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Adjusted EPS
Adjusted EPS is defined as reported earnings per share fully diluted from continuing operations excluding: (1) (gain) loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment (including real estate), net; (2) intangible impairments; (3) other expense (income), net (which includes foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net); (4) Significant Acquisition Costs; and (5) the tax impact of reconciling items and discrete tax items. Adjusted EPS includes income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests. We do not believe these excluded items to be indicative of our ongoing operating results, and they are not considered when we are forecasting our future results. We believe Adjusted EPS is of value to our current and potential investors when comparing our results from past, present and future periods.
Reconciliation of Reported EPS—Fully Diluted from Continuing Operations to Adjusted EPS—Fully Diluted from Continuing Operations:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Reported EPS—Fully Diluted from Continuing Operations
$
0.10

 
$
0.16

Add/(Deduct):
 
 
 
Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

 

Other Expense (Income), Net
0.05

 
0.07

Loss (Gain) on Disposal/Write-Down of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

 

Significant Acquisition Costs
0.01

 
0.07

Tax Impact of Reconciling Items and Discrete Tax Items(1)

 
(0.05
)
Adjusted EPS—Fully Diluted from Continuing Operations(2)
$
0.17

 
$
0.24

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
The difference between our effective tax rates and our structural tax rate (or adjusted effective tax rates) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, is primarily due to (i) the reconciling items above, which impact our reported income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes but have an insignificant impact on our reported provision (benefit) for income taxes and (ii) other discrete tax items. Our structural tax rate for purposes of the calculation of Adjusted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was 18.9% and 19.5%, respectively.
(2)
Columns may not foot due to rounding.


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FFO (Nareit) and FFO (Normalized)
Funds from operations (“FFO”) is defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("Nareit") and us as net income (loss) excluding depreciation on real estate assets, gains on sale of real estate, net of tax and amortization of data center leased-based intangibles ("FFO (Nareit)"). FFO (Nareit) does not give effect to real estate depreciation because these amounts are computed, under GAAP, to allocate the cost of a property over its useful life. Because values for well-maintained real estate assets have historically increased or decreased based upon prevailing market conditions, we believe that FFO (Nareit) provides investors with a clearer view of our operating performance. Our most directly comparable GAAP measure to FFO (Nareit) is net income (loss). Although Nareit has published a definition of FFO, modifications to FFO (Nareit) are common among REITs as companies seek to provide financial measures that most meaningfully reflect their particular business. Our definition of FFO (Normalized) excludes certain items included in FFO (Nareit) that we believe are not indicative of our core operating results, specifically: (1) (gain) loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment (excluding real estate), net; (2) intangible impairments; (3) other expense (income), net (which includes foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net); (4) real estate financing lease depreciation; (5) Significant Acquisition Costs; (6) the tax impact of reconciling items and discrete tax items; (7) loss (income) from discontinued operations, net of tax; and (8) loss (gain) on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax.
Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to FFO (Nareit) and FFO (Normalized) (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Net Income (Loss)
$
30,452

 
$
45,152

Add/(Deduct):
 
 
 
Real Estate Depreciation(1)
73,079

 
69,533

Gains on Sale of Real Estate, Net of Tax

 

Data Center Lease-Based Intangible Assets Amortization(2)
12,609

 
10,838

FFO (Nareit)
116,140

 
125,523

Add/(Deduct):
 
 
 
Loss (Gain) on Disposal/Write-Down of Property, Plant and Equipment (Excluding Real Estate), Net
602

 
(1,130
)
Other Expense (Income), Net(3)
15,210

 
20,151

Real Estate Financing Lease Depreciation
3,504

 
3,446

Significant Acquisition Costs
2,746

 
19,008

Tax Impact of Reconciling Items and Discrete Tax Items(4)
(709
)
 
(15,379
)
Loss (Income) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax(5)
24

 
462

FFO (Normalized)
$
137,517

 
$
152,081

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
Includes depreciation expense related to owned real estate assets (land improvements, buildings, building improvements, leasehold improvements and racking), excluding depreciation related to real estate financing leases.
(2)
Includes amortization expense for data center in-place lease intangible assets and data center tenant relationship intangible assets as discussed in Note 2.b. to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report.
(3)
Includes foreign currency transaction losses, net of $17.7 million and $21.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. See Note 2.j. to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for additional information regarding the components of Other (income) expense, net.
(4)
Represents the tax impact of (i) the reconciling items above, which impact our reported income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes but have an insignificant impact on our reported provision (benefit) for income taxes and (ii) other discrete tax items. Discrete tax items resulted in a (benefit) provision for income taxes of $(0.6) million and $(13.4) million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(5)
Net of a de minimis tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

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Table of Contents

Critical Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and for the period then ended. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate the estimates used. We base our estimates on historical experience, actuarial estimates, current conditions and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Our critical accounting policies include the following, which are listed in no particular order:
Revenue Recognition
Accounting for Acquisitions
Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets
Income Taxes
Further detail regarding our critical accounting policies can be found in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report, and the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes included therein. We have determined that no material changes concerning our critical accounting policies have occurred since December 31, 2018 , other than the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended ("ASU 2016-02"), as described in Note 2.d. to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2.k. to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for a description of recently issued accounting pronouncements, including those recently adopted.


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Results of Operations
Comparison of three months ended March 31, 2019 to three months ended March 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percentage
Change
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
Revenues
$
1,053,863

 
$
1,042,458

 
$
11,405

 
1.1
 %
Operating Expenses
895,188

 
877,899

 
17,289

 
2.0
 %
Operating Income
158,675

 
164,559

 
(5,884
)
 
(3.6
)%
Other Expenses, Net
128,199

 
118,945

 
9,254

 
7.8
 %
Income from Continuing Operations
30,476

 
45,614

 
(15,138
)
 
(33.2
)%
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
(24
)
 
(462
)
 
438

 
(94.8
)%
Net Income
30,452

 
45,152

 
(14,700
)
 
(32.6
)%
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
891

 
468

 
423

 
90.4
 %
Net Income Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
$
29,561

 
$
44,684

 
$
(15,123
)
 
(33.8
)%
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$
324,506

 
$
343,015

 
$
(18,509
)
 
(5.4
)%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin(1)
30.8
%
 
32.9
%
 
 
 
 
_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
See "Non-GAAP Measures—Adjusted EBITDA" in this Quarterly Report for the definitions of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations and a discussion of why we believe these non-GAAP measures provide relevant and useful information to our current and potential investors.

 


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Table of Contents

REVENUES
Consolidated revenues consists of the following (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
Percentage Change
 
 
 
 
Dollar
Change
 
Actual
 
Constant
Currency(1)
 
Organic
Growth(2)
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Storage Rental
$
662,974

 
$
651,149

 
$
11,825

 
1.8
 %
 
5.1
%
 
2.0
%
Service
390,889

 
391,309

 
(420
)
 
(0.1
)%
 
3.5
%
 
1.8
%
Total Revenues
$
1,053,863

 
$
1,042,458

 
$
11,405

 
1.1
 %
 
4.5
%
 
1.9
%
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)
Constant currency growth rates are calculated by translating the 2018 results at the 2019 average exchange rates.
(2)
Our organic revenue growth rate, which is a non-GAAP measure, represents the year-over-year growth rate of our revenues excluding the impact of business acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Our organic revenue growth rate includes the impact of acquisitions of customer relationships.
Storage Rental Revenues

In the three months ended March 31, 2019 , the increase in reported consolidated storage rental revenues was driven by the favorable impact of acquisitions/divestitures and consolidated organic storage rental revenue growth, partially offset by unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The net impact of acquisitions/divestitures contributed 3.1% to the reported storage rental revenue growth rates for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by acquisitions in our Global Data Center Business segment. Organic storage rental revenue growth of 2.0% in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period was driven by organic storage rental revenue growth of 1.4% in our North American Records and Information Management Business segment due to revenue management partially offset by volume decreases, as well as organic storage rental revenue growth of 3.3% and 4.6% in our Western European Business and Other International Business segments, respectively, primarily a result of volume increases and, to a lesser extent, revenue management. Organic storage rental revenue growth in our North American Data Management Business segment was negative 2.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period primarily due to lower storage volume, partially offset by the impact of revenue management. Excluding the impact of acquisitions/divestitures, global records management net volumes as of March 31, 2019 increased by 0.3% over the ending volume as of March 31, 2018 . Including the impact of acquisitions/divestitures, global records management net volumes as of March 31, 2019 increased by 1.5% over the ending volume at March 31, 2018 , supported by net volume increases of 2.2% and 7.3% in our Western European Business and Other International Business segments, respectively, partially offset by a net volume decrease of 1.2% in our North American Records and Information Management Business segment. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations decreased our reported storage rental revenue growth rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 by 3.3%, compared to the prior year period.

Service Revenues

In the three months ended March 31, 2019 , the decrease in reported consolidated service revenues was driven by unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, offset by organic service revenue growth and the favorable impact of acquisitions/divestitures. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations decreased our reported service revenue growth rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 by 3.6%, compared to the prior year period. Organic service revenue growth of 1.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 , compared to the prior year period was driven by organic service revenue growth of 2.3% in our North American Records and Information Management Business segment reflecting increased secured shredding revenues, primarily due to higher recycled paper prices, and project activity, partially offset by lower destructions, as well as organic service revenue growth of 3.0% in our Western European Business segment, primarily due to higher destruction activity, partially offset by continued declines in organic service revenue activity levels in our North American Data Management Business segment of negative 3.2%, as the storage business in this segment becomes more archival in nature and tape volumes decline. The net impact of acquisitions/divestitures contributed 1.7% to the reported service revenue growth rates for the three months ended March 31, 2019 , compared to the prior year period.



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Table of Contents

Total Revenues

For the reasons stated above, our reported consolidated revenues increased $11.4 million , or 1.1% , to $1,053.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $1,042.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 . The net impact of acquisitions/divestitures contributed 2.6% to the reported consolidated revenue growth rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period. Consolidated organic revenue growth was 1.9% in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations decreased our reported consolidated revenue growth rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 by 3.4%, compared to the prior year period.

Organic Growth—Eight-Quarter Trend
 
2017
 
2018
 
2019
 
Second Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth Quarter
 
First
Quarter
 
Second Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth Quarter
 
First
Quarter
Storage Rental Revenue
4.8
 %
 
3.5
 %
 
4.2
 %
 
3.7
%
 
1.9
%
 
2.3
%
 
1.9
%
 
2.0
%
Service Revenue
(1.1
)%
 
(0.2
)%
 
(0.1
)%
 
1.4
%
 
7.6
%
 
7.1
%
 
6.1
%
 
1.8
%
Total Revenues
2.5
 %
 
2.0
 %
 
2.5
 %
 
2.8
%
 
4.1
%
 
4.1
%
 
3.5
%
 
1.9
%

We expect our consolidated organic storage rental revenue growth rate for 2019 to be approximately 1.75% to 2.5% and our consolidated organic total revenue growth rate to be approximately 2.0% to 2.5%. During the past eight quarters, our organic storage rental revenue growth rate has ranged between 1.9% and 4.8%. Consolidated organic storage rental revenue growth and consolidated total organic revenue growth benefited by approximately 0.8% and 0.5%, respectively, in the second quarter of 2017, from a $4.2 million customer termination fee in our Global Data Center Business segment. Conversely, consolidated organic storage rental revenue growth and consolidated total organic revenue growth for the second quarter of 2018 were negatively impacted by the 0.8% and 0.5%, respectively, related to this termination fee. Our organic storage rental revenue growth rates have declined over the past two fiscal years, as organic storage rental revenue growth for full year 2017 and 2018 was 3.9% and 2.4%, respectively. At various points in the economic cycle, organic storage rental revenue growth may be influenced by changes in pricing and volume. In 2018 and in the three months ended March 31, 2019, we experienced modest volume declines in our North American Records and Information Management Business and North American Data Management Business segments, with organic storage rental revenue growth coming primarily from revenue management in these segments and volume growth in our Western European Business and Other International Business segments. Within these business segments, we expect these trends to continue into the next few years.

The organic growth rate for service revenue is inherently more volatile than the organic growth rate for storage rental revenues due to the more discretionary nature of certain services we offer, such as large special projects, and, as a commodity, the volatility of pricing for recycled paper. These revenues, which are often event-driven and impacted to a greater extent by economic downturns as customers defer or cancel the purchase of certain services as a way to reduce their short-term costs, may be difficult to replicate in future periods. The organic growth rate for total service revenues over the past eight quarters reflects reduced retrieval/re-file activity and a related decrease in transportation revenues within our North American Records and Information Management Business and Western European Business segments, as well as continued declines in service revenue activity levels in our North American Data Management Business segment, as the storage business becomes more archival in nature and tape volumes decline. The recent increases in organic service revenue growth rates of 7.6%, 7.1% and 6.1% in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2018 reflect a strong contribution from our secure shredding business, which benefited from higher recycled paper prices, higher destruction activity and acquisitions of customer relationships. Organic service revenue growth declined to 1.8% for the first quarter of 2019 reflecting declining recycled paper prices and moderation of destruction activity compared to previous quarters. We expect these trends to continue throughout 2019.

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Table of Contents

OPERATING EXPENSES
Cost of Sales
Consolidated cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization) consists of the following expenses (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
Percentage Change
 
% of
Consolidated
Revenues
 
Percentage
Change
(Favorable)/
Unfavorable
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dollar
Change
 
Actual
 
Constant
Currency
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Labor
$
205,291

 
$
208,907

 
$
(3,616
)
 
(1.7
)%
 
2.5
%
 
19.5
%
 
20.0
%
 
(0.5
)%
Facilities
174,719

 
162,112

 
12,607

 
7.8
 %
 
11.6
%
 
16.6
%
 
15.6
%
 
1.0
 %
Transportation
41,040

 
38,273

 
2,767

 
7.2
 %
 
11.3
%
 
3.9
%
 
3.7
%
 
0.2
 %
Product Cost of Sales and Other
39,596

 
39,133

 
463

 
1.2
 %
 
5.9
%
 
3.8
%
 
3.8
%
 
 %
Significant Acquisition Costs
898

 
296

 
602

 
203.4
 %
 
279.7
%
 
0.1
%
 
%
 
0.1
 %
Total Cost of Sales
$
461,544

 
$
448,721

 
$
12,823

 
2.9
 %
 
7.0
%
 
43.8
%
 
43.0
%
 
0.8
 %

Labor
Labor expenses decreased to 19.5% of consolidated revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 20.0% in the three months ended March 31, 2018 . The decrease in labor expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenues was primarily driven by basis point improvements across our North American Records and Information Management Business, Western European Business and Other International Business segments, partially attributable to ongoing cost management initiatives. On a constant dollar basis, labor expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased by $5.0 million, or 2.5% , compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by acquisitions in our Global Data Center Business segment and our Adjacent Businesses operating segment within our Corporate and Other Business segment, as well as increased labor costs related to shredding operations within our North American Records and Information Management Business segment.
Facilities
Facilities expenses increased to 16.6% of consolidated revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 15.6% in the three months ended March 31, 2018 . The 100 basis point increase in facilities expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenues was driven primarily by acquisitions in our Global Data Center Business segment and our Adjacent Businesses operating segment within our Corporate and Other Business segment, as well as higher facilities costs in our Western European Business segment. On a constant dollar basis, facilities expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased by $18.5 million, or 11.6% , compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by acquisitions mentioned above and higher facilities costs in our Western European Business segment.
Transportation
Transportation expenses increased to 3.9% of consolidated revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 3.7% in the three months ended March 31, 2018 . The increase in transportation expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenues was primarily driven by increases in third party carrier expenses, in part due to recent acquisitions in our Adjacent Businesses operating segment within our Corporate and Other Business segment. On a constant dollar basis, transportation expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased by $4.2 million, or 11.3% , compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by increases in third party carrier expenses, in part due to recent acquisitions in our Adjacent Businesses operating segment within our Corporate and Other Business segment, as well as higher transportation cost for shredding operations within our North American Records and Information Management Business segment.
Product Cost of Sales and Other
Product cost of sales and other, which includes cartons, media and other service, storage and supply costs and is highly correlated to service revenue streams, particularly project revenues, were 3.8% of consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 3.8% in the three months ended March 31, 2018 . On a constant dollar basis, product cost of sales and other increased by $2.2 million, or 5.9% , compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by special project costs in our North American Records and Information Management Business segment.

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Significant Acquisition Costs
Significant Acquisition Costs included in cost of sales were $0.9 million and $0.3 million in the three months March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and primarily consisted of employee severance costs and facility integration costs associated with the Recall acquisition.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses consists of the following expenses (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
Percentage Change
 
% of
Consolidated
Revenues
 
Percentage
Change
(Favorable)/
Unfavorable
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dollar
Change
 
Actual
 
Constant
Currency
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
General and Administrative
$
151,332

 
$
136,293

 
$
15,039

 
11.0
 %
 
14.6
 %
 
14.4
%
 
13.1
%
 
1.3
 %
Sales, Marketing & Account Management
66,170

 
68,873

 
(2,703
)
 
(3.9
)%
 
(1.4
)%
 
6.3
%
 
6.6
%
 
(0.3
)%
Information Technology
46,171

 
39,504

 
6,667

 
16.9
 %
 
19.1
 %
 
4.4
%
 
3.8
%
 
0.6
 %
Bad Debt Expense
5,038

 
6,348

 
(1,310
)
 
(20.6
)%
 
(18.6
)%
 
0.5
%
 
0.6
%
 
(0.1
)%
Significant Acquisition Costs
1,848

 
18,712

 
(16,864
)
 
(90.1
)%
 
(90.0
)%
 
0.2
%
 
1.8
%
 
(1.6
)%
Total Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
$
270,559

 
$
269,730

 
$
829

 
0.3
 %
 
3.0
 %
 
25.7
%
 
25.9
%
 
(0.2
)%
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased to 14.4% of consolidated revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 13.1% in the three months ended March 31, 2018 . The increase in general and administrative expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenues was driven mainly by higher compensation and professional fees within the Corporate and Other Business segment, primarily associated with our new global operations support team that is tasked with driving operational improvements, and acquisitions in the Global Data Center Business segment. On a constant dollar basis, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased by $19.2 million, or 14.6% , compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by increases in compensation and professional fees related to our global operations support team.
Sales, Marketing & Account Management
S ales, marketing and account management expenses decreased to 6.3% of consolidated revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 6.6% in the three months ended March 31, 2018 . The decrease in sales, marketing and account management expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenues was driven by a decrease in compensation expense, primarily due to lower commissions and marketing expenses. On a constant dollar basis, sales, marketing and account management expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased by $0.9 million, or 1.4% , compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by lower marketing expense.
Information Technology
Information technology expenses increased to 4.4% of consolidated revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to 3.8% in the three months ended March 31, 2018 . Information technology expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenues reflect an increase in professional fees and compensation, primarily related to information security costs and investments in innovation and product development. On a constant dollar basis, information technology expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased by $7.4 million, or 19.1% , compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by an increase in professional fees and compensation, primarily related to information security costs and investments in innovation and product development.

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Table of Contents

Bad Debt Expense
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts that is calculated based on our past loss experience, current and prior trends in our aged receivables, current economic conditions, and specific circumstances of individual receivable balances. We continue to monitor our customers' payment activity and make adjustments based on their financial condition and in light of historical and expected trends. Bad debt expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased by $1.2 million on a constant dollar basis compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by lower bad debt expense associated with our Western European and Other International Business segments.
Significant Acquisition Costs
Significant Acquisition Costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses were $1.8 million and $18.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and primarily consisted of advisory and professional fees, as well as severance costs.
Depreciation and Amortization
Our depreciation and amortization charges result primarily from depreciation related to storage systems, which include racking structures, buildings, building and leasehold improvements and computer systems hardware and software. Amortization relates primarily to customer relationship intangible assets, contract fulfillment costs and data center lease-based intangible assets. Both depreciation and amortization are impacted by the timing of acquisitions.
Depreciation expense increased $1.2 million, or 1.0%, on a reported dollar basis for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 . See Note 2.f. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report for additional information regarding the useful lives over which our property, plant and equipment is depreciated.
Amortization expense increased $0.7 million, or 1.5%, on a reported dollar basis for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 .

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OTHER EXPENSES, NET
Interest Expense, Net
Consolidated interest expense, net increased $4.8 million, or 4.9%, to $102.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019 from $97.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018 . This increase was a result of higher average debt outstanding and higher weighted average interest rate during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Our weighted average interest rate was 4.9% and 4.8% at March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. See Note 4 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for additional information regarding our indebtedness.

Other (Income) Expense, Net (in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
2019
 
2018
 
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net
$
17,697

 
$
21,785

 
$
(4,088
)
Other, net
(2,487
)
 
(1,634
)
 
(853
)
 
$
15,210

 
$
20,151

 
$
(4,941
)
Foreign Currency Transaction Losses (Gains)
We recorded net foreign currency transaction losses of $17.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019 , based on period-end exchange rates. These losses resulted primarily from the impact of changes in the exchange rate of each of the British pound sterling and Euro against the United States dollar compared to December 31, 2018 on our intercompany balances with and between certain of our subsidiaries.
We recorded net foreign currency transaction losses of $21.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018, based on period-end exchange rates. These losses resulted primarily from the impact of changes in the exchange rate of each of the British pound sterling and Euro against the United States dollar compared to December 31, 2017 on our intercompany balances with and between certain of our subsidiaries and the Euro Notes (as defined below). These losses were partially offset by gains resulting primarily from the impact of changes in the exchange rate of the Canadian dollar against the United States dollar compared to December 31, 2017 on our intercompany balances with and between certain of our subsidiaries.
Other, net
Other, net for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is primarily associated with the gain on sale resulting from the Consumer Storage Transaction (as defined and discussed more fully in Note 9 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report) of approximately $4.2 million. Other, net for the three months ended March 31, 2019 also includes the change in estimated fair value of the noncontrolling interests associated with our business in India, which are accounted for as mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests.
Provision for Income Taxes
We provide for income taxes during interim periods based on our estimate of the effective tax rate for the year. Our estimate of the effective tax rate for the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018 reflect the impact of the U.S. tax reform legislation, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Legislation”). See Note 7 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report for additional information regarding the impact the Tax Reform Legislation had on us. Discrete items and changes in our estimate of the annual effective tax rate are recorded in the period they occur. Our effective tax rate is subject to variability in the future due to, among other items: (1) changes in the mix of income between our qualified REIT subsidiaries and our domestic taxable REIT subsidiaries, as well as among the jurisdictions in which we operate; (2) tax law changes; (3) volatility in foreign exchange gains and losses; (4) the timing of the establishment and reversal of tax reserves; and (5) our ability to utilize net operating losses that we generate.

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Our effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019(1)
2

2018(2)
Effective Tax Rate
25.7
%
 
2.5
_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
The primary reconciling items between the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% and our overall effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were the benefit derived from the dividends paid deduction and the impact of differences in the tax rates at which our foreign earnings are subject, including foreign exchange gains and losses in different jurisdictions with different tax rates.

(2)
The primary reconciling items between the federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% and our overall effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were the benefit derived from the dividends paid deduction, a discrete tax benefit of approximately $14.0 million associated with the resolution of a tax matter and the impact of differences in the tax rates at which our foreign earnings are subject, including foreign exchange gains and losses in different jurisdictions with different tax rates.
INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS AND ADJUSTED EBITDA (in thousands)
The following table reflects the effect of the foregoing factors on our consolidated income (loss) from continuing operations and Adjusted EBITDA:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
Dollar
Change
 
Percentage Change
 
2019
 
2018
 
Income from Continuing Operations
$
30,476

 
$
45,614

 
$
(15,138
)
 
(33.2
)%
Income from Continuing Operations as a percentage of Consolidated Revenue
2.9
%
 
4.4
%
 
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA
$
324,506

 
$
343,015

 
$
(18,509
)
 
(5.4
)%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin
30.8
%
 
32.9
%
 
 
 
 

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2019 decreased by $18.5 million , or approximately 5.4%, and consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin decreased by 210 basis points compared to the same prior year period, primarily as a result of increased labor costs in our secure shredding business, higher technology costs associated with information security investments and higher overhead expenses associated with the growth of our data center business.
(LOSS) INCOME FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS, NET OF TAX
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax was $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily related to the costs associated with the Recall Divestments (as discussed in Note 13 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report).
NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests resulted in a decrease in net income attributable to IMI of $0.9 million and $0.5 million , respectively. These amounts represent our noncontrolling partners' share of earnings/losses in our majority-owned international subsidiaries that are consolidated in our operating results.

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Segment Analysis (in thousands)
See Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report for a description of our reportable operating segments.
North American Records and Information Management Business
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
Percentage Change
 
 
 
 
Dollar
Change
 
Actual
 
Constant
Currency
 
Organic
Growth
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Storage Rental
$
306,986

 
$
304,819

 
$
2,167

 
0.7
 %
 
1.2
 %
 
1.4
%
Service
220,394

 
222,024

 
(1,630
)
 
(0.7
)%
 
(0.2
)%
 
2.3
%
Segment Revenue
$
527,380

 
$
526,843

 
$
537

 
0.1
 %
 
0.6
 %
 
1.8
%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$
223,683

 
$
225,738

 
$
(2,055
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin(2)
42.4
%
 
42.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
See "Non-GAAP Measures—Adjusted EBITDA" in this Quarterly Report for the definitions of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations and a discussion of why we believe these non-GAAP measures provide relevant and useful information to our current and potential investors.
(2)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated by dividing Segment Adjusted EBITDA by total segment revenues.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , reported revenue in our North American Records and Information Management Business segment increased 0.1% , compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 , due to organic revenue growth, offset by the unfavorable net impact of acquisitions/dispositions (due to the IMFS Divestment) and foreign currency exchange rates. Organic revenue growth of 1.8% was primarily the result of organic storage rental revenue growth of 1.4% driven by revenue management, partially offset by volume decreases. In addition, organic service revenue growth of 2.3% was driven by growth in secure shredding revenue, in part due to higher recycled paper prices, and increased project activity, partially offset by lower destruction activity compared to the first quarter of 2018. Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased 40 basis points during the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 , primarily driven by higher labor and transportation costs in our secure shredding business.

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North American Data Management Business
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
Percentage Change
 
 
 
 
Dollar
Change
 
Actual
 
Constant
Currency
 
Organic
Growth
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Storage Rental
$
66,572

 
$
69,246

 
$
(2,674
)
 
(3.9
)%
 
(3.5
)%
 
(2.9
)%
Service
30,175

 
30,718

 
(543
)
 
(1.8
)%
 
(1.4
)%
 
(3.2
)%
Segment Revenue
$
96,747

 
$
99,964

 
$
(3,217
)
 
(3.2
)%
 
(2.9
)%
 
(3.0
)%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$
50,552

 
$
53,852

 
$
(3,300
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin(2)
52.3
%
 
53.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
See "Non-GAAP Measures—Adjusted EBITDA" in this Quarterly Report for the definitions of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations and a discussion of why we believe these non-GAAP measures provide relevant and useful information to our current and potential investors.
(2)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated by dividing Segment Adjusted EBITDA by total segment revenues.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , reported revenue in our North American Data Management Business segment decreased 3.2% , compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 , primarily due to negative organic revenue growth. The negative organic revenue growth of 3.0% was primarily attributable to a decline in organic service revenue growth of 3.2% due to continued declines in service revenue activity levels as the business becomes more archival in nature and tape volumes decline, as well as a decline in organic storage rental revenue of 2.9% , primarily attributable to volume decreases, partially offset by the impact of revenue management. Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased 160 basis points during the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 , primarily associated with investments in new products and services, as well as lower revenue not being offset by lower fixed costs.

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Western European Business
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
Percentage Change
 
 
 
 
Dollar
Change
 
Actual
 
Constant
Currency
 
Organic
Growth
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Storage Rental
$
80,695

 
$
83,952

 
$
(3,257
)
 
(3.9
)%
 
3.3
%
 
3.3
%
Service
48,058

 
50,123

 
(2,065
)
 
(4.1
)%
 
3.0
%
 
3.0
%
Segment Revenue
$
128,753

 
$
134,075

 
$
(5,322
)
 
(4.0
)%
 
3.2
%
 
3.2
%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$
39,209

 
$
43,966

 
$
(4,757
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin(2)
30.5
%
 
32.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
See "Non-GAAP Measures—Adjusted EBITDA" in this Quarterly Report for the definitions of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations and a discussion of why we believe these non-GAAP measures provide relevant and useful information to our current and potential investors.
(2)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated by dividing Segment Adjusted EBITDA by total segment revenues.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , reported revenue in our Western European Business segment decreased 4.0% , compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 , due to unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by organic revenue growth. Organic revenue growth was 3.2% , primarily attributable to organic storage rental revenue growth of 3.3% , primarily associated with volume increases and, to a lesser extent, revenue management, as well as organic service revenue growth of 3.0%, reflecting higher destruction activity. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations decreased our reported revenues for the Western European Business segment by 7.2% compared to the prior year period due to the weakening of the British pound sterling and Euro against the United States dollar. Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased 230 basis points during the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 , primarily driven by higher facilities costs and professional fees, partially offset by lower bad debt expense and labor costs growing at a lower rate than revenue.



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Table of Contents

Other International Business
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
Percentage Change
 
 
 
 
Dollar
Change
 
Actual
 
Constant
Currency
 
Organic
Growth
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Storage Rental
$
129,473

 
$
131,747

 
$
(2,274
)
 
(1.7
)%
 
8.6
%
 
4.6
 %
Service
71,483

 
79,020

 
(7,537
)
 
(9.5
)%
 
1.3
%
 
(0.6
)%
Segment Revenue
$
200,956

 
$
210,767

 
$
(9,811
)
 
(4.7
)%
 
5.9
%
 
2.7
 %
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$
58,124

 
$
60,747

 
$
(2,623
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin(2)
28.9
%
 
28.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_____________________________________________________________________________

(1)
See "Non-GAAP Measures—Adjusted EBITDA" in this Quarterly Report for the definitions of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations and a discussion of why we believe these non-GAAP measures provide relevant and useful information to our current and potential investors.
(2)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated by dividing Segment Adjusted EBITDA by total segment revenues.

In the three months ended March 31, 2019 , reported revenue in our Other International Business segment decreased 4.7% , compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 , due to unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by organic revenue growth and the favorable impact of acquisitions/divestitures. Organic revenue growth was 2.7% , supported by 4.6% organic storage rental revenue growth, primarily due to volume increases and, to a lesser extent, revenue management, and negative 0.6% organic service revenue growth, primarily due to a decrease in project activity. The net impact of acquisitions/divestitures contributed 3.2% to reported revenue growth for the three months ended March 31, 2019 , compared to the prior year period. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations decreased our reported revenues for the Other International Business segment by 10.6% compared to the prior year period primarily due to the weakening of the Australian dollar and Brazilian real against the United States dollar. Adjusted EBITDA margin increased 10 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 , primarily due to compensation growing at a lower rate than revenue and a decrease in transportation costs.


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Table of Contents

Global Data Center Business
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
Percentage Change
 
 
 
Dollar
Change
 
Actual
 
Constant
Currency
 
Organic
Growth
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Storage Rental
$
59,718

 
$
45,495

 
$
14,223

 
31.3
%
 
31.4
%
 
2.6
%
Service
1,818

 
1,108

 
710

 
64.1
%
 
64.2
%
 
34.2
%
Segment Revenue
$
61,536

 
$
46,603

 
$
14,933

 
32.0
%
 
32.2
%
 
3.3
%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$
26,011

 
$
20,790

 
$
5,221

 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin(2)
42.3
%
 
44.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_____________________________________________________________________________

(1)
See "Non-GAAP Measures—Adjusted EBITDA" in this Quarterly Report for the definitions of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations and a discussion of why we believe these non-GAAP measures provide relevant and useful information to our current and potential investors.
(2)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated by dividing Segment Adjusted EBITDA by total segment revenues.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , reported revenue in our Global Data Center Business segment increased 32.0% compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 , primarily due to the impact of acquisitions (see Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report for additional acquisition details). The impact of acquisitions contributed 28.9% to the reported revenue growth rate in our Global Data Center Business segment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period. Adjusted EBITDA increased $5.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period, primarily due to the impact of acquisitions. Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased 230 basis points during the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period primarily due to lower gross margin associated with recent acquisitions and increased overhead to support the growth of this business.


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Table of Contents

Corporate and Other Business
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
Percentage Change
 
 
 
Dollar
Change
 
Actual
 
Constant
Currency
 
Organic
Growth
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Storage Rental
$
19,530

 
$
15,890

 
$
3,640

 
22.9
%
 
24.3
%
 
7.0
%
Service
18,961

 
8,316

 
10,645

 
128.0
%
 
139.3
%
 
16.2
%
Segment Revenue
$
38,491

 
$
24,206

 
$
14,285

 
59.0
%
 
62.8
%
 
10.1
%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$
(73,073
)
 
$
(62,078
)
 
$
(10,995
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1) as a percentage of Consolidated Revenue
(6.9
)%
 
(6.0
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)
See "Non-GAAP Measures—Adjusted EBITDA" in this Quarterly Report for the definitions of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations and a discussion of why we believe these non-GAAP measures provide relevant and useful information to our current and potential investors.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 , Adjusted EBITDA in the Corporate and Other Business segment as a percentage of consolidated revenues decreased 90 basis points compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 . Adjusted EBITDA in the Corporate and Other Business segment decreased $11.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 , primarily driven by higher compensation and professional fees associated with investments in our global operations support team that is tasked with driving operational improvements and continued investment in innovation and product development, partially offset by profitability associated with recent acquisitions in our Adjacent Businesses operating segment.

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Table of Contents

Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following is a summary of our cash balances and cash flows (in thousands) as of and for the three months ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Cash flows from operating activities - continuing operations
$
117,067

 
$
91,568

Cash flows from investing activities - continuing operations
(311,217
)
 
(1,562,012
)
Cash flows from financing activities - continuing operations
187,736

 
985,252

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period
161,475

 
442,491

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , net cash flows provided by operating activities increased by $25.5 million compared to the prior year period, primarily due to a decrease in cash used in working capital of $45.3 million, primarily related to the timing of collections of accounts receivable and certain prepaid and accrued expenses, offset by a decrease in net income (including non-cash charges and realized foreign exchange losses) of $19.8 million.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Our significant investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2019 are highlighted below:
We paid cash for acquisitions (net of cash acquired) of $39.4 million , primarily funded by borrowings under our revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility").
We paid cash for capital expenditures of $184.8 million . Our business requires capital expenditures to maintain our ongoing operations, support our expected revenue growth and new products and services, and increase our profitability. All of these expenditures are included in the cash flows from investing activities. Additional details of our capital spending is included in the Capital Expenditures section below.
We acquired customer relationships, and incurred both (i) customer inducements (which consist primarily of permanent withdrawal fees) and (ii) Contract Fulfillment Costs (as defined in Note 2.c. to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report) and third-party commissions during the three months ended March 31, 2019 of $23.9 million , $2.8 million and $41.2 million , respectively.
We paid $19.2 million as part of our investment in Makespace (as discussed in Note 9 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report).
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Our significant financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2019 included:
Net proceeds of $372.2 million primarily associated with the borrowings and repayments on our Revolving Credit Facility.
Payment of dividends in the amount of $178.0 million on our common stock.

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Table of Contents

Capital Expenditures

The following table presents our capital spend for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, organized by the type of the spending as described in our Annual Report:
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
Nature of Capital Spend (in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
Growth Investment Capital Expenditures:
 
 
Real Estate(1)
 
$
14,836

 
$
21,207

Non-Real Estate(2)
 
8,825

 
8,309

Data Center(3)
 
131,078

 
14,770

Innovation(1)
 
4,781

 
2,193

Total Growth Investment Capital Expenditures
 
159,520

 
46,479

Recurring Capital Expenditures:
 
 

 
 

Real Estate(2)
 
10,699

 
8,999

Non-Real Estate(2)
 
4,496

 
5,961

Data Center(3)
 
662

 
426

Total Recurring Capital Expenditures
 
15,857

 
15,386

Total Capital Spend (on accrual basis)
 
175,377

 
61,865

Net increase (decrease) in prepaid capital expenditures
 
1,069

 
(598
)
Net decrease (increase) in accrued capital expenditures
 
8,319

 
34,338

Total Capital Spend (on cash basis)
 
$
184,765

 
$
95,605

_______________________________________________________________________________
For the year ending December 31, 2019, excluding capital expenditures associated with potential future acquisitions, opportunistic real estate investments and capital expenditures associated with the integrations of Recall and IODC, we expect the following:
(1)
Growth investment capital expenditures on real estate growth and innovation to be approximately $175.0 million;

(2)
Recurring capital expenditures on real estate and non-real estate, as well as non-real estate growth investment capital expenditures, to be approximately $145.0 million to $155.0 million; and

(3)
Capital expenditures on our data center business to be approximately $250.0 million.
Dividends
See Note 8 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for a listing of dividends that were declared during the first three months of 2019 and fiscal year 2018.

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Table of Contents

Financial Instruments and Debt
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents (including money market funds and time deposits) and accounts receivable. The only significant concentration of liquid investment as of March 31, 2019 is related to cash and cash equivalents. See Note 2.h. to Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for information on our time deposits.
Long-term debt as of March 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Debt (inclusive of discount)
 
Unamortized Deferred Financing Costs
 
 Carrying Amount
Revolving Credit Facility
 
$
1,139,566

 
$
(13,332
)
 
$
1,126,234

Term Loan A
 
237,500

 

 
237,500

Term Loan B
 
691,476

 
(8,430
)
 
683,046

Australian Dollar Term Loan
 
234,000

 
(2,893
)
 
231,107

UK Bilateral Revolving Credit Facility
 
182,450

 
(2,255
)
 
180,195

4 3 / 8 % Senior Notes due 2021
 
500,000

 
(3,725
)
 
496,275

6% Senior Notes due 2023
 
600,000

 
(4,851
)
 
595,149

5 3 / 8 % CAD Senior Notes due 2023
 
187,262

 
(2,424
)
 
184,838

5 3 / 4 % Senior Subordinated Notes due 2024
 
1,000,000

 
(7,439
)
 
992,561

3% Euro Senior Notes due 2025
 
336,557

 
(3,941
)
 
332,616

3 7 / 8 % GBP Senior Notes due 2025 (the "GBP Notes")
 
521,286

 
(6,480
)
 
514,806

5 3 / 8 % Senior Notes due 2026
 
250,000

 
(3,078
)
 
246,922

4 7 / 8 % Senior Notes due 2027 (the "4 7 / 8 % Notes")
 
1,000,000

 
(12,086
)
 
987,914

5 1 / 4 % Senior Notes due 2028 (the "5 1 / 4 % Notes")
 
825,000

 
(10,628
)
 
814,372

Real Estate Mortgages, Financing Lease Liabilities and Other
 
566,677

 
(431
)
 
566,246

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program
 
252,373

 
(184
)
 
252,189

Mortgage Securitization Program
 
50,000

 
(1,091
)
 
48,909

Total Long-term Debt
 
8,574,147

 
(83,268
)
 
8,490,879

Less Current Portion
 
(125,142
)
 

 
(125,142
)
Long-term Debt, Net of Current Portion
 
$
8,449,005

 
$
(83,268
)
 
$
8,365,737


See Note 4 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report and Note 4 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for additional information regarding our long-term debt.

Debt Covenants
The Credit Agreement, our indentures and other agreements governing our indebtedness contain certain restrictive financial and operating covenants, including covenants that restrict our ability to complete acquisitions, pay cash dividends, incur indebtedness, make investments, sell assets and take certain other corporate actions. The covenants do not contain a rating trigger. Therefore, a change in our debt rating would not trigger a default under the Credit Agreement, our indentures or other agreements governing our indebtedness. The Credit Agreement uses EBITDAR-based calculations as the primary measures of financial performance, including leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios.

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Our leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios under the Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, as well as our leverage ratio under our indentures as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Maximum/Minimum Allowable
Net total lease adjusted leverage ratio
5.8

 
5.6

 
Maximum allowable of 6.5
Net secured debt lease adjusted leverage ratio
2.8

 
2.6

 
Maximum allowable of 4.0
Bond leverage ratio (not lease adjusted)
6.1

 
5.8

 
Maximum allowable of 6.5-7.0(1)
Fixed charge coverage ratio
2.2

 
2.2

 
Minimum allowable of 1.5
______________________________________________________________
(1)
The maximum allowable leverage ratio under our indentures for the 4 7 / 8 % Notes, the GBP Notes and the 5 1 / 4 % Notes is 7.0, while the maximum allowable leverage ratio under the indentures pertaining to our remaining senior and senior subordinated notes is 6.5. In certain instances as provided in our indentures, we have the ability to incur additional indebtedness that would result in our bond leverage ratio exceeding the maximum allowable ratio under our indentures and still remain in compliance with the covenant.

Noncompliance with these leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and liquidity.
_______________________________________________________________________________

Our ability to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness depends on our future performance, working capital levels and capital structure, which are subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors which may be beyond our control. There can be no assurance that we will generate sufficient cash flow from our operations or that future financings will be available on acceptable terms or in amounts sufficient to enable us to service or refinance our indebtedness or to make necessary capital expenditures.

At The Market (ATM) Equity Program
As described in greater detail in Note 12 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report, we entered into a distribution agreement with a syndicate of 10 banks (the “Agents”) pursuant to which we may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate sales price of $500.0 million of our common stock through the Agents (the “At The Market (ATM) Equity Program”). There were no shares of common stock sold under the At the Market (ATM) Equity Program during the three months ended March 31, 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 under the At The Market (ATM) Equity Program, we sold an aggregate of 273,486 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $8.8 million, generating net proceeds of $8.7 million, after deducting commissions of $0.1 million. As of March 31, 2019 , the remaining aggregate sale price of shares of our common stock available for distribution under the At The Market (ATM) Equity Program was approximately $431.2 million .
Acquisitions
See Note 3 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report for information regarding our 2019 acquisitions.

Included in Significant Acquisition Costs are certain costs associated with the Recall Transaction and the IODC Transaction. This amount consists of (i) Significant Acquisition Costs and (ii) capital expenditures to integrate Recall with our existing operations. We currently estimate total acquisition and integration expenditures associated with the Recall Transaction and acquisition expenditures associated with the IODC Transaction to be approximately $405.0 million , the substantial majority of which was incurred prior to the end of 2018.

The following table presents the cumulative amount of operating and capital expenditures incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, as well as the cumulative amount incurred through March 31, 2019, associated with the Recall Transaction and the IODC Transaction (in thousands):
 
 
Cumulative Total Through
 March 31, 2019
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
Significant Acquisition Costs
 
$
317,270

 
$
2,746

 
$
19,008

Recall Capital Expenditures
 
74,730

 
1,193

 
1,884

Total
 
$
392,000

 
$
3,939

 
$
20,892


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Contractual Obligations
We expect to meet our cash flow requirements for the next twelve months by utilizing cash on hand, cash generated from operations, borrowings under the Credit Agreement and other financings (including the issuance of equity under the At The Market (ATM) Equity Program). We expect to meet our long-term cash flow requirements using the same resources described above. We are currently operating above our long-term targeted leverage ratio and expect to reduce our leverage ratio over time through business growth and effective capital allocation strategies.
Inflation
Certain of our expenses, such as wages and benefits, insurance, occupancy costs and equipment repair and replacement, are subject to normal inflationary pressures. Although to date we have been able to offset inflationary cost increases with increased operating efficiencies, the negotiation of favorable long-term real estate leases and an ability to increase prices in our customer contracts (many of which contain provisions for inflationary price escalators), we can give no assurance that we will be able to offset any future inflationary cost increases through similar efficiencies, leases or increased storage rental or service charges.
Sale of Facilities
In April 2019, we completed the sale of two owned facilities in the United Kingdom for total proceeds of approximately $43.0 million.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The term "disclosure controls and procedures" is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). These rules refer to the controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information is recorded, processed, accumulated, summarized, communicated and reported to management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding what is required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files under the Exchange Act. As of March 31, 2019 (the "Evaluation Date"), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and board of directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.
 
During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02 effective January 1, 2019. In connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-02, we implemented a new lease accounting system and also redesigned certain processes and controls pertaining to our lease portfolio. There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II. Other Information
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
We did not sell any unregistered equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2019 , nor did we repurchase any shares of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2019 .
Item 6. Exhibits
(a)    Exhibits
Certain exhibits indicated below are incorporated by reference to documents we have filed with the SEC.
Exhibit No.
 
Description
10.1

 
10.2

 
10.3

 
31.1

 
31.2

 
32.1

 
32.2

 
101.1

 
The following materials from Iron Mountain Incorporated's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and in detail. (Filed herewith.)

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
 
By:
/s/ DANIEL BORGES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Daniel Borges
 Senior   Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer
Dated: April 25, 2019

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Exhibit 10.1

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan
Performance Unit Agreement (Version 4)
This Performance Unit Agreement and the associated grant award information (the “Customizing Information”), which Customizing Information is provided in written form or is available in electronic form from the recordkeeper for the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan, as amended and in effect from time to time (the “Plan”), is made as of the date shown as the “Grant Date” in the Customizing Information (the “Grant Date”) by and between Iron Mountain Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the individual identified in the Customizing Information (the “Recipient”). This instrument and the Customizing Information are collectively referred to as the “Performance Unit Agreement.”
WITNESSETH THAT:
WHEREAS, the Company has instituted the Plan; and
WHEREAS, the Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) has authorized the grant of performance units with respect to the Company’s Common Stock (“Stock”) upon the terms and conditions set forth below and pursuant to the Plan, a copy of which is incorporated herein; and
WHEREAS, the Recipient acknowledges that he or she has carefully read this Performance Unit Agreement and agrees, as provided in Section 19(a) below, that the terms and conditions of the Performance Unit Agreement reflect the entire understanding between himself or herself and the Company regarding this performance unit award (and the Recipient has not relied upon any statement or promise other than the terms and conditions of the Performance Unit Agreement with respect to this performance unit award);
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Recipient agree as follows.
1. Grant . Subject to the terms of the Plan and this Performance Unit Agreement, the Company hereby conditionally grants to the Recipient that number of performance units equal to the corresponding number of shares of the Company’s Stock (the “Underlying Shares”) shown in the Customizing Information under “Performance Units Granted.”
The grant described in the preceding paragraph is contingent upon the satisfaction of the “Performance Criteria” over the “Performance Period,” each as shown in the Customizing Information. The Committee shall determine whether such Performance Criteria have been satisfied.
2.      Adjustment to Award . The number of Performance Units Granted may be increased or decreased, including to zero, based on the “Performance Matrix” shown in the Customizing Information. Whether any adjustment based on the Performance Matrix is made shall be determined in the sole discretion of the Committee and the “Adjusted Performance Units Granted” (“PUs”) in the Customizing Information shall be updated to reflect any such adjustment.


1




3.      Vesting .
(a)     In General . If the Recipient remains in an employment, contractual or other service relationship with the Company (“Relationship”) as of the “Vesting Date” specified in the Customizing Information, and the Recipient as of such date is not in violation of any confidentiality, inventions, non-solicitation and/or non-competition agreement with the Company, the PUs shall vest on such date, based on achievement of the Performance Criteria over the Performance Period. For the avoidance of doubt, except as otherwise provided pursuant to the terms of the Plan and Sections 3(b), 3(c) or 3(d), if applicable, if the Recipient’s Relationship with the Company is terminated by the Company or by the Recipient for any reason, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, no PUs granted pursuant to this Performance Unit Agreement shall vest under any circumstances on and after the date of such termination.
(b)     Retirement Vesting . Notwithstanding Section 3(a), if the Recipient’s Relationship with the Company terminates on account of Retirement (as defined below) on or after the first July 1 following the Grant Date, the PUs shall remain outstanding and continue to vest based on achievement of the Performance Criteria over the Performance Period, provided the Recipient continues to comply with any confidentiality, inventions, non-solicitation and/or non-competition agreement with the Company.
Any PUs that vest as a result of this Section 3(b) shall be delivered as of the Vesting Date as described in Section 5, provided that no PUs shall be delivered if the Recipient as of the date of delivery is in violation of any confidentiality, inventions, non-solicitation and/or non-competition agreement with the Company. For purposes of this Section 3(b), “Retirement” means a termination of the Recipient’s Relationship with the Company after the Recipient has attained age fifty-eight (58) and has a combined age and Years of Credited Service of at least seventy (70). “Years of Credited Service” shall mean the Recipient’s years of total adjusted service with the Company, calculated from the Recipient’s initial hire date with the Company (or any predecessor business acquired by the Company) and without regard to any lapses in active employment while employed by the Company, such as approved leaves of absences.
(c)     Death or Disability Vesting . Notwithstanding Section 3(a), if the Recipient’s Relationship with the Company terminates as a result of his or her disability (as determined by the Board on the basis of medical advice satisfactory to it) or death, the Recipient shall become vested in his or her Performance Units Granted in accordance with the following schedule:
Date Relationship Terminates            Vesting Percentage
On or after first (1st) anniversary of Grant Date        33.3%
On or after second (2nd) anniversary of Grant Date        66.6%
On or after third (3rd) anniversary of Grant Date        100%
No Performance Units Granted that vest as a result of this Section 3(c) shall be delivered if the Recipient as of the date of delivery is in violation of any confidentiality, inventions, non-solicitation and/or non-competition agreement with the Company. For the avoidance of doubt, the Performance Criteria shall be treated as satisfied (or satisfied at target, if applicable) and no adjustment shall be made pursuant to Section 2.
(d)     Committee Discretion . In the event the Relationship is terminated for any reason and except as otherwise provided in Section 3(b) or 3(c), as applicable, (i) the Recipient’s right to vest in any PUs will, except as provided in Section 9(c) of the Plan, terminate as of the date of the termination of the Relationship (and will not be extended by any notice period mandated under local law) and (ii) the Committee shall have the exclusive discretion to determine when the Relationship has terminated for purposes of this PU (including when the Recipient is no longer considered to be providing active service while on a leave of absence).
(e)     Special Definition of Company . For purposes of this Section 3, the term “Company” refers to the Company as defined in the last sentence of Section 1 of the Plan.

                                

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4.      Dividend Equivalents . A Recipient shall be credited with dividend equivalents equal to the dividends the Recipient would have received if the Recipient had been the actual record owner of the Underlying Shares on each dividend record date on or after the Grant Date and through the date the Recipient receives a settlement pursuant to Section 5 below (the “Dividend Equivalent”). If a dividend on the Stock is payable wholly or partially in Stock, the Dividend Equivalent representing that portion shall be in the form of additional PUs, credited on a one-for-one basis. If a dividend on the Stock is payable wholly or partially in cash, the Dividend Equivalent representing that portion shall also be in the form of cash and a Recipient shall be treated as being credited with any cash dividends, without earnings, until settlement pursuant to Section 5 below. If a dividend on Stock is payable wholly or partially in other than cash or Stock, the Committee may, in its discretion, provide for such Dividend Equivalents with respect to that portion as it deems appropriate under the circumstances. Dividend Equivalents shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as the PUs originally awarded pursuant to this Performance Unit Agreement, and they shall vest (or, if applicable, be forfeited) as if they had been granted at the same time as the original PU. Dividend Equivalents representing the cash portion of a dividend on Stock shall be settled in cash.
5.      Delivery of Underlying Shares or Cash Settlement .
(a)      With respect to any PUs that become vested pursuant to Section 3 (other than Section 3(c)), the Company shall issue and deliver to the Recipient (i) the number of Underlying Shares equal to the number of vested PUs or an amount of cash equal to the Fair Market Value, as defined in the Plan, of such Underlying Shares as of the Vesting Date and (ii) the amount (and in the form) due with respect to the Dividend Equivalents applicable to such Underlying Shares. Delivery shall be made to the Recipient as soon as practicable following the Vesting Date but in no event later than the end of the year in which such Vesting Date occurs (or the fifteenth (15 th ) day of the third (3 rd ) month following the Vesting Date, if later).
(b)      With respect to any Performance Units Granted that become vested pursuant to Section 3(c), the Company shall issue and deliver to the Recipient (i) the number of Underlying Shares equal to the number of vested Performance Units Granted or an amount of cash equal to the Fair Market Value, as defined in the Plan, of such Underlying Shares as of the date of disability or death and (ii) the amount (and in the form) due with respect to the Dividend Equivalents applicable to such Underlying Shares. Delivery shall be made to the Recipient as soon as practicable following the date of disability or death but in no event later than the end of the year in which disability or death occurs (or the fifteenth (15 th ) day of the third (3 rd ) month following the date of disability or death, if later).
(c)      Whether Underlying Shares, or the cash value thereof, shall be issued or paid at settlement shall be determined based on the “Form of Settlement” specified in the Customizing Information.
(d)      Any shares issued pursuant to this Performance Unit Agreement shall be issued, without issue or transfer tax, by (i) delivering a stock certificate or certificates for such shares out of theretofore authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares of its Stock as the Company may elect or (ii) issuance of shares of its Stock in book entry form; provided, however, that the time of such delivery may be postponed by the Company for such period as may be required for it with reasonable diligence to comply with any applicable requirements of law.
(e)      Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Section 5, delivery of Underlying Shares shall be made, or the amount of cash equivalent thereto shall be paid, only if the required purchase price designated as the “Purchase Price” shown in the Customizing Information per unit/share is paid to the Company by means of payment acceptable to the Company in accordance with the terms of the Plan. If the Recipient fails to pay for or accept delivery of all of the shares, the right to shares of Stock provided pursuant to this Agreement Performance Unit Agreement may be terminated by the Company.

                                

3




6.      Withholding Taxes . The Recipient hereby agrees, as a condition of this award, to provide to the Company (or a subsidiary employing the Recipient, as applicable) an amount sufficient to satisfy the Company’s and/or subsidiary’s obligation to withhold any and all federal, state, local or provincial income tax, social security, social insurance, payroll tax, fringe benefits tax, payment on account or other tax-related items or statutory withholdings related to the Plan (the ”Withholding Amount”), if any, by (a) authorizing the Company and/or any subsidiary employing the Recipient, as applicable, to withhold the Withholding Amount from the Recipient’s cash compensation or (b) remitting the Withholding Amount to the Company (or a subsidiary employing the Recipient, as applicable) in cash; provided, however, that to the extent that the Withholding Amount is not provided by one or a combination of such methods, the Company may at its election withhold from the Underlying Shares and Dividend Equivalents that would otherwise be delivered that number of shares (and/or cash) having a Fair Market Value on the date of vesting sufficient to eliminate any deficiency in the Withholding Amount. Regardless of any action that the Company and/or subsidiary takes with respect to any or all federal, state, local or provincial income tax, social security, social insurance, payroll tax, fringe benefits tax, payment on account or other tax-related items or statutory withholdings related to the Recipient’s participation in the Plan, the Recipient acknowledges that he or she, and not the Company and/or any subsidiary, has the ultimate liability for any such items. Further, if the Recipient becomes subject to tax in more than one jurisdiction between the Grant Date and the date of any relevant taxable or tax withholding event, the Recipient acknowledges that the Company and/or subsidiary may be required to withhold or account for such tax-related items in more than one jurisdiction.
7.      Non-assignability of PUs and Dividend Equivalents . PUs and Dividend Equivalents shall not be assignable or transferable by the Recipient except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution or as permitted by the Committee in its discretion pursuant to the terms of the Plan. During the life of the Recipient, delivery of shares of Stock or payment of cash as settlement of PUs and Dividend Equivalents shall be made only to the Recipient, to a conservator or guardian duly appointed for the Recipient by reason of the Recipient’s incapacity or to the person appointed by the Recipient in a durable power of attorney acceptable to the Company’s counsel.
8.      Compliance with Securities Act; Lock-Up Agreement . The Company shall not be obligated to sell or issue any Underlying Shares or other securities in settlement of PUs and Dividend Equivalents hereunder unless the shares of Stock or other securities are at that time effectively registered or exempt from registration under the Securities Act and applicable state or provincial securities laws. In the event shares or other securities shall be issued that shall not be so registered, the Recipient hereby represents, warrants and agrees that the Recipient will receive such shares or other securities for investment and not with a view to their resale or distribution, and will execute an appropriate investment letter satisfactory to the Company and its counsel. The Recipient further hereby agrees that as a condition to the settlement of PUs and Dividend Equivalents, the Recipient will execute an agreement in a form acceptable to the Company to the effect that the shares shall be subject to any underwriter’s lock-up agreement in connection with a public offering of any securities of the Company that may from time to time apply to shares held by officers and employees of the Company, and such agreement or a successor agreement must be in full force and effect.
9.      Legends . The Recipient hereby acknowledges that the stock certificate or certificates (or entries in the case of book entry form) evidencing shares of Stock or other securities issued pursuant to any settlement of an PU or Dividend Equivalent hereunder may bear a legend (or provide a restriction) setting forth the restrictions on their transferability described in Section 8 hereof, if such restrictions are then in effect.
10.      Rights as Stockholder . The Recipient shall have no rights as a stockholder with respect to any PUs, Dividend Equivalents or Underlying Shares until the date of issuance of a stock certificate (or appropriate entry is made in the case of book entry form) for Underlying Shares and any Dividend Equivalents. Except as provided by Section 4, no adjustment shall be made for any rights for which the record date is prior to the date such stock certificate is issued (or appropriate entry is made in the case of book entry form), except to the extent the Committee so provides, pursuant to the terms of the Plan and upon such terms and conditions it may establish.

                                

4




11.      Effect Upon Employment and Performance of Services . Nothing in this Performance Unit Agreement or the Plan shall be construed to impose any obligation upon the Company or any subsidiary to employ or utilize the services of the Recipient or to retain the Recipient in its employ or to engage or retain the services of the Recipient.
12.      Time for Acceptance . Unless the Recipient shall evidence acceptance of this Performance Unit Agreement by electronic or other means prescribed by the Committee within sixty (60) days after its delivery, the PUs and Dividend Equivalents shall be null and void (unless waived by the Committee).
13.      Right of Repayment . In the event that the Recipient breaches any confidentiality, inventions, non-solicitation and/or non-competition agreement with the Company, the Recipient shall pay to the Company an amount equal to the excess of the Fair Market Value of the Underlying Shares as of the date of settlement (whether settled in cash or Stock) over the Purchase Price, if any, paid (or deemed paid) together with the value of any Dividend Equivalents; provided, however, that the Committee in its discretion may release the Recipient from the requirement to make such payment, if the Committee determines that the Recipient’s breach of such agreement is not inimical to the best interests of the Company. In accordance with applicable law, the Company may deduct the amount of payment due under the preceding sentence from any compensation or other amount payable by the Company to the Recipient. For purposes of this Section 13, the term “Company” refers to the Company as defined in the last sentence of Section 1 of the Plan.
14.      Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code . The PUs and Dividend Equivalents granted hereunder are intended to avoid the potential adverse tax consequences to the Recipient of Section 409A of the Code, and the Committee may make such modifications to this Performance Unit Agreement as it deems necessary or advisable to avoid such adverse tax consequences. If and to the extent that the PUs and Dividend Equivalents are subject to Section 409A, in addition to the provisions of Section 12(f) of the Plan, any payment upon termination of the Relationship shall be made only upon a “separation from service” under Section 409A, and the Recipient may not directly or indirectly designate the calendar year of a payment.
15.      Electronic Delivery . The Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver any documents related to current or future participation in the Plan by electronic means. The Recipient consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and agrees to participate in the Plan through an on-line or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or a third party designated by the Company.
16.      Company Policies . The PUs and Dividend Equivalents granted hereunder shall be subject to any applicable clawback or recoupment policies, share trading policies, and other policies that may be implemented by the Board from time to time, in accordance with applicable law.
17.      Nature of Award . By accepting this PU, the Recipient acknowledges, understands and agrees that:
(a)    the Plan is established voluntarily by the Company, is discretionary in nature and may be modified, amended, suspended or terminated by the Company at any time, to the extent permitted by the Plan and this Performance Unit Agreement;
(b)    the grant of this PU is voluntary and occasional and does not create any contractual or other right to receive future awards under the Plan or benefits in lieu of Plan awards, even if PUs or other Plan awards have been granted in the past;
(c)    all decisions with respect to future PU awards will be at the sole discretion of the Committee;
(d)    he or she is voluntarily participating in the Plan;
(e)    the future value of the Underlying Shares is unknown and cannot be predicted with certainty;

                                

5




(f)    if the Recipient resides and/or works outside the United States, the following additional provisions shall apply:
(i)    this PU, including any Dividend Equivalents, and the Underlying Shares are not intended to replace any pension rights or compensation;
(ii)    this PU, including any Dividend Equivalents, and the Underlying Shares (including value attributable to each) do not constitute compensation of any kind for services of any kind rendered to the Company and/or any subsidiary thereof and are outside the scope of the Recipient’s employment contract, if any;
(iii)    this PU, including any Dividend Equivalents, and any Underlying Shares (including the value attributable to each) are not part of normal or expected compensation or salary, including, but not limited to, for purposes of calculating any severance, resignation, termination, redundancy, dismissal, end-of-service payments, bonuses, service awards, pension or retirement or welfare benefits or similar payments unless such other arrangement explicitly provides to the contrary;
(iv)    no claim or entitlement to compensation or damages shall arise from forfeiture of the PU, including any Dividend Equivalents, resulting from the Recipient’s termination of the Relationship for any reason, and in consideration of this PU, including any Dividend Equivalents, the Recipient irrevocably agrees never to institute a claim against the Company and/or subsidiary, waives his or her ability to bring such claim and releases the Company and/or subsidiary from any claim; if, notwithstanding the foregoing, such claim is allowed by a court of competent jurisdiction, then by accepting this PU, including any Dividend Equivalents, the Recipient is deemed irrevocably to have agreed not to pursue such claim and agrees to execute any and all documents necessary to request dismissal or withdrawal of such claims; and
(g)    the Company shall not be liable for any foreign exchange rate fluctuation between the Recipient’s local currency and the United States dollar that may affect the value of this PU or any amounts due pursuant to the settlement of the PU or the subsequent sale of any Underlying Shares acquired upon settlement.
18.      Appendix . Notwithstanding any provision in this Performance Unit Agreement, this PU shall be subject to any special terms and conditions set forth in any Appendix to this Performance Unit Agreement for the Recipient’s country of residence or in which the Recipient works. Moreover, if the Recipient relocates to one of the countries included in the Appendix, the special terms and conditions for such country will apply to the Recipient, to the extent the Company determines that the application of such terms and conditions is necessary or advisable in order to comply with local law or facilitate the administration of the Plan. The Appendix constitutes part of this Performance Unit Agreement.
19.      General Provisions .
(a)      Amendment; Waivers . This Performance Unit Agreement, including the Plan, contains the full and complete understanding and agreement of the parties hereto as to the subject matter hereof, and except as otherwise permitted by the express terms of the Plan and this Performance Unit Agreement and applicable law, it may not be modified or amended nor may any provision hereof be waived without a further written agreement duly signed by each of the parties; provided, however, that a modification or amendment that does not materially diminish the rights of the Recipient hereunder, as they may exist immediately before the effective date of the modification or amendment, shall be effective upon written notice of its provisions to the Recipient, to the extent permitted by applicable law. The waiver by either of the parties hereto of any provision hereof in any instance shall not operate as a waiver of any other provision hereof or in any other instance. The Recipient shall have the right to receive, upon request, a written confirmation from the Company of the Customizing Information.

                                

6




(b)      Binding Effect . This Performance Unit Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, representatives, successors and assigns.
(c)      Fractional PUs, Underlying Shares and Dividend Equivalents . All fractional Underlying Shares and Dividend Equivalents settled in Stock resulting from the application of the Performance Matrix or the adjustment provisions contained in the Plan shall be rounded down to the nearest whole share. If cash in lieu of Underlying Shares is delivered at settlement, or Dividend Equivalents are settled in cash, the amount paid shall be rounded down to the nearest penny.
(d)      Governing Law . This Performance Unit Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law.
(e)      Construction . This Performance Unit Agreement is to be construed in accordance with the terms of the Plan. In case of any conflict between the Plan and this Performance Unit Agreement, the Plan shall control. The titles of the sections of this Performance Unit Agreement and of the Plan are included for convenience only and shall not be construed as modifying or affecting their provisions. The masculine gender shall include both sexes; the singular shall include the plural and the plural the singular unless the context otherwise requires. Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Plan.
(f)      Language . If the Recipient receives this Performance Unit Agreement, or any other document related to this PU and/or the Plan translated into a language other than English and if the meaning of the translated version is different than the English version, the English version will control.
(g)      Data Privacy .
(i)    The Recipient hereby explicitly and unambiguously consents to the collection, use and transfer, in electronic or other form, of the Recipient’s personal data as described in this Performance Unit Agreement by and among, as applicable, his or her employer, the Company and its subsidiaries for the exclusive purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Recipient’s participation in the Plan.
(ii)    The Recipient understands that his or her employer, the Company and its subsidiaries, as applicable, hold certain personal information about the Recipient regarding his or her employment, the nature and amount of the Recipient’s compensation and the fact and conditions of the Recipient’s participation in the Plan, including, but not limited to, the Recipient’s name, home address, telephone number and e-mail address, date of birth, social insurance number or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title, any shares of stock or directorships held in the Company and its subsidiaries, details of all options, awards or any other entitlement to shares of stock awarded, canceled, exercised, vested, unvested or outstanding in the Recipient’s favor, for the purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Plan (the “Data”).

                                

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(iii)    The Recipient understands that the Data may be transferred to any third parties assisting in the implementation, administration and management of the Plan, that these third parties may be located in the Recipient’s country, or elsewhere, and that the third party’s country may have different data privacy laws and protections than the Recipient’s country. The Recipient understands that the Recipient may request a list with the names and addresses of any potential recipients of the Data by contacting his or her local human resources representative. The Recipient authorizes the recipients to receive, possess, use, retain and transfer the Data, in electronic or other form, for the purposes of implementing, administering and managing the Recipient’s participation in the Plan, including any requisite transfer of such Data as may be required to a broker or other third party. The Recipient understands that the Data will be held only as long as is necessary to implement, administer and manage Recipient’s participation in the Plan. The Recipient understands that he or she may, at any time, view the Data, request additional information about the storage and processing of the Data, require any necessary amendments to the Data or refuse or withdraw the consents herein, in any case without cost, by contacting in writing the Recipient’s local human resources representative. The Recipient understands, however, that refusing or withdrawing his or her consent may affect the Recipient’s ability to participate in the Plan. For more information on the consequences of refusal to consent or withdrawal of consent, the Recipient understands that the Recipient may contact his or her local human resources representative.
(h)      Notices . Any notice in connection with this Performance Unit Agreement shall be deemed to have been properly delivered if it is delivered in the form specified by the Committee as follows:
To the Recipient:    Last address provided to the Company
To the Company:    Iron Mountain Incorporated
One Federal Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Attn: Chief Financial Officer
(i)      Version Number . This document is Version 4 of the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan Performance Unit Agreement.

                                

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IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan
Performance Unit Agreement (Version 4)
Appendix
Country-Specific Provisions
Terms and Conditions
This Appendix includes additional, or if so indicated replaces, certain terms and conditions that govern a PU granted under the Plan if a Recipient resides or works in one of the countries listed below. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Appendix have the meanings set forth in the Plan and/or the Performance Unit Agreement.
Notifications
The information contained herein is general in nature and may not apply to each particular Recipient’s situation and the Company is not in a position to assure a Recipient of any particular result. Accordingly, the Recipient is advised to seek appropriate professional advice as to how the relevant laws in a particular country may apply to his or her situation.
If the Recipient is a citizen or resident of a country other than the one in which the Recipient is currently working, transfers employment or service location after the Grant Date, or is considered a resident of another country for local law purposes, the information contained herein may not apply to the Recipient, and the Company shall, in its discretion, determine to what extent the terms and conditions contained herein shall apply.
Australia
Vesting . This provision replaces Section 3(b) of the Performance Unit Agreement:
Notwithstanding Section 3(a), if the Recipient terminates employment on or after Retirement, the Recipient shall become fully vested in his or her PUs; provided, however, that Retirement occurs on or after the first July 1 following the Grant Date.
In the event a Recipient becomes fully vested under this Section 3(b), in no event shall any PUs vested as a result of this Section 3(b) be delivered until the Vesting Date, nor shall any PUs vested as a result of this Section 3(b) be delivered if the Recipient as of the date of delivery is in violation of any confidentiality, inventions and/or non-competition agreement with the Company. For purposes of this Section 3(b), a Recipient shall be treated as having terminated from employment due to “Retirement” if he or she has completed twelve (12) years of total adjusted service, calculated using Recipient’s original hire date (including with any predecessor business acquired by the Company but without regard to any lapses of employment), and if he or she intends to permanently cease gainful employment in circumstances where he or she provides in good faith, a written declaration to that effect, and the Committee in its sole and absolute discretion accepts that statutory declaration.

                                

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Canada    
PUs Payable Only in Shares . Notwithstanding any discretion in the Plan or anything to the contrary in this Performance Unit Agreement, the grant of the PUs does not provide the Recipient any right to receive a cash payment and the PUs may be settled only in shares of Company Stock.
Belgium
Time for Acceptance . This provision replaces Section 12 of the Performance Unit Agreement:
Unless the Recipient shall evidence written acceptance of this Performance Unit Agreement by electronic or other means prescribed by the Committee within sixty (60) days after its delivery, the PUs and Dividend Equivalents shall be null and void (unless waived by the Committee).
Hungary
Grant . Any shares acquired under the Plan are deemed as privately placed under Act No. CXX of 2011 on the Capital Market.
The Netherlands
Effect Upon Employment and Performance of Services . This provision supplements Section 11 of the Performance Unit Agreement:
PUs and Dividend Equivalents shall not form part of the employment or services conditions of the Recipient, nor shall they be treated (either at the time when it might apply or in any period prior thereto or any period thereafter) as remuneration for the purpose of pension arrangements nor shall they form any other employment or services related entitlement. PUs and Dividend Equivalents shall not be included in the calculation of a possible severance payment and the Recipient waives all rights (if any) that he or she may have in this regard.
Poland
Right of Repayment . The right of repayment provided in Section 13 of this Performance Unit Agreement shall be subject to concluding a non-competition agreement, according to the relevant provisions of Polish law.
Governing Law . This provision supplements Section 18(d) of the Performance Unit Agreement:
Any disputes resulting from this Performance Unit Agreement shall be settled exclusively by United States federal courts in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Language . This provision replaces Section 18(f) of the Performance Unit Agreement:
This Performance Unit Agreement was executed in two (2) identical counterparts, each in Polish and English versions, and one for each of the Company and the Recipient. In the case of any discrepancy between the Polish and English version, the Polish version will prevail.
United Kingdom
PUs Payable Only in Shares . Notwithstanding any discretion in the Plan or anything to the contrary in this Performance Unit Agreement, the grant of the PUs does not provide the Recipient any right to receive a cash payment and the PUs may be settled only in shares of Company Stock.
Vesting . This provision replaces the last sentence of Section 3(b) of the Performance Unit Agreement:

                                

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For purposes of this Section 3(b), “Retirement” means a termination of employment with the Company after the Recipient has attained age fifty-eight (58) (or such earlier age with the agreement of the Company) and has achieved at least a combined age and years of total adjusted service, calculated using Recipient’s original hire date (including with any predecessor business acquired by the Company but without regard to any lapses of employment), of at least seventy (70) (or such other sum as shall be derived by adding age fifty-eight (58) (or such earlier age with the agreement of the Company) to a shorter period of total adjusted service as the Committee may, in its absolute discretion, permit for these purposes).
Withholding Taxes . This provision replaces the first sentence of Section 6 of the Performance Unit Agreement:
If a liability arises in connection with the award, holding, vesting or settlement of PUs and/or Dividend Equivalents under which the Company or any subsidiary employing the Recipient is obliged to account for the tax and/or primary social security contributions (otherwise known as employee’s National Insurance Contributions) (“Employee Tax Liability”), then:
(a) If the Dividend Equivalent is cash settled, the Company or the relevant subsidiary may withhold the Employee Tax Liability from the sum of cash due to the Recipient; or
(b) If the PU and/or Dividend Equivalent is Stock settled, then unless the Recipient makes a payment of an amount equal to the Employee Tax Liability within seven (7) days of being notified by his or her employer or the Company of the amount of the Employee Tax Liability, the Company may withhold sufficient of the shares of Company Stock that would otherwise be delivered upon the settlement of the PU and/or Dividend Equivalent and arrange payment to the subsidiary on which the Employee Tax Liability falls of an amount equal to the Employee Tax Liability. If shares are withheld to cover the obligation for the Employee Tax Liability, then for tax purposes, the Recipient shall be deemed to have been issued the full number of shares of Company Stock with respect to the vested PUs notwithstanding that a number of shares are held back for purposes of paying the Employee Tax Liability.
Effect Upon Employment and Performance of Services . This provision supplements Section 11 of the Performance Unit Agreement:
The Recipient shall have no entitlement to compensation or damages in consequence of the termination of his or her employment with the Company or any employing subsidiary for any reason whatsoever and whether or not in breach of contract, in so far as such entitlement arises or may arise from his or her ceasing to have rights under the PU as a result of such termination or from the loss or diminution in value of the same and, upon grant, the Recipient shall be deemed irrevocably to have waived such entitlement.
Any EU Country
Data Privacy . This provision replaces Section 19(g) of the Performance Unit Agreement in its entirety:
a.
The Recipient hereby acknowledges and understands that the Recipient’s personal data is collected, retained, used, processed, disclosed and transferred, in electronic or other form, as described in this Performance Unit Agreement by and among, as applicable, the Recipient’s employer, the Company and its subsidiaries, and third parties assisting in the implementation, administration and management of the Plan for the exclusive purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Recipient’s participation in the Plan.

                                

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b.
The Recipient understands that the Company and its subsidiaries (including his or her employer), as applicable, hold certain personal information about him or her regarding the Recipient’s employment, the nature and amount of the Recipient’s compensation and the fact and conditions of the Recipient’s participation in the Plan, including, but not limited to, his or her name, home address, telephone number and e-mail address, date of birth, social insurance number or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title, any equity or directorships held in the Company and details of all options or any other entitlement to equity awarded, canceled, exercised, vested, unvested or outstanding in his or her favor, in connection with the implementation, management and administration of the Plan (the “Data”).
c.
The Recipient understands that the Data may be transferred to the Company, its subsidiaries and any third parties assisting in the implementation, administration and management of the Plan, that these entities or persons may be located in the Recipient’s country, or elsewhere, and that such entity or person’s country may have a different or lower standard of data privacy rights and protections than Recipient’s country. The Recipient understands that he or she may request a list with the names and addresses of any entities or persons that receive the Data by contacting the Recipient’s local human resources representative. The Recipient understands that the entities or persons receive, possess, use, retain and transfer the Data, in electronic or other form, for the purposes of implementing, administering and managing his or her participation in the Plan, including transfers of such Data to a broker or other third party. The Recipient understands that the Data will be held only as long as is necessary to implement, administer and manage his or her participation in the Plan in accordance with applicable law. The Recipient understands that he or she may, at any time, request to access or be provided the Data, request additional information about the storage and processing of the Data, require any corrections or amendments to the Data in any case without cost and to the extent permitted by law, by contacting in writing his or her local human resources representative. The Recipient understands, however, that objecting to the processing of his or her Data may affect the Recipient’s ability to participate in the Plan.


                                

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IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan
Performance Unit Schedule


Participant Name
Employee

In accordance with the Performance Unit Agreement, of which this Performance Unit Schedule is a part (which together, constitute the “Customizing Information”), the Company hereby grants to Participant Name (the “Recipient”) the following Performance Units:

Grant Date:                Grant Date
Grant Type:                Grant Type
Grant Price:                Grant Price
Number of Units Granted:        Number of shares granted
Performance Period:            1/1/2019 – 12/31/2021
Vesting Date:                2/20/2022 (subject to performance)        
Form of Settlement:            Stock


ACCEPTANCE BY RECIPIENT
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Performance Unit Agreement to be issued as of the date set forth above.
Date: ______________________            ____________________________________
(Signature of Recipient)




                                

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Exhibit 10.2

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan
Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Version 3)
This Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and the associated grant award information (the “Customizing Information”), which Customizing Information is provided in written form or is available in electronic form from the recordkeeper for the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan, as amended and in effect from time to time (the “Plan”), is made as of the date shown as the “Grant Date” in the Customizing Information (the “Grant Date”) by and between Iron Mountain Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the individual identified in the Customizing Information (the “Recipient”). This instrument and the Customizing Information are collectively referred to as the “Restricted Stock Unit Agreement.”
WITNESSETH THAT:
WHEREAS, the Company has instituted the Plan; and
WHEREAS, the Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) has authorized the grant of restricted stock units with respect to the Company’s Common Stock (“Stock”) upon the terms and conditions set forth below and pursuant to the Plan, a copy of which is incorporated herein; and
WHEREAS, the Recipient acknowledges that he or she has carefully read this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and agrees, as provided in Section 18(a) below, that the terms and conditions of the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement reflect the entire understanding between himself or herself and the Company regarding this restricted stock unit award (and the Recipient has not relied upon any statement or promise other than the terms and conditions of the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with respect to this restricted stock unit award);
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Recipient agree as follows.
1. Grant . Subject to the terms of the Plan and this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, the Company hereby grants to the Recipient that number of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) equal to the corresponding number of shares of the Company’s Stock (the “Underlying Shares”) shown in the Customizing Information under “Restricted Stock Units Granted.”
2.      Vesting .
(a)     In General . If the Recipient remains in an employment, contractual or other service relationship with the Company (“Relationship”) as of a “Vesting Date,” as specified in the Customizing Information, and the Recipient as of such date is not in violation of any confidentiality, inventions, non-solicitation and/or non-competition agreement with the Company, all or a portion, as applicable (the “Incremental Amount,” as specified in the Customizing Information), of the RSUs shall vest on such date. For the avoidance of doubt, except as otherwise provided pursuant to the terms of the Plan and Sections 2(b), 2(c) or 2(d), if the Recipient’s Relationship with the Company is terminated by the Company or by the Recipient for any reason, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, no RSUs granted pursuant to this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement shall vest under any circumstances on and after the date of such termination.
(b)     Retirement Vesting . Notwithstanding Section 2(a), if the Recipient’s Relationship with the Company terminates on account of Retirement (as defined below) on or after the first July following the Grant Date, the RSUs shall continue to vest on the schedule shown in the Customizing Information, provided the Recipient continues to comply with any confidentiality, inventions, non-solicitation and/or non-competition agreement with the Company.


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(c)     Death or Disability Vesting . Notwithstanding Section 2(a), if the Recipient’s Relationship with the Company terminates as a result of his or her disability (as determined by the Board on the basis of medical advice satisfactory to it) or death, the Recipient’s Vesting Date shall be the date of termination and he or she shall be fully vested in his or her RSUs, provided the Recipient is not as of the date of delivery, or was not as of the date of death, in violation of any confidentiality, inventions, non-solicitation and/or non-competition agreement with the Company.
(d)     Committee Discretion . In the event the Relationship is terminated for any reason (whether voluntary or involuntary), (i) the Recipient’s right to vest in the RSU will, except as provided in Section 9(c) of the Plan or otherwise explicitly in Sections 2(b) or 2(c) or as provided by the Committee, terminate as of the date of the termination of the Relationship (and will not be extended by any notice period mandated under local law) and (ii) the Committee shall have the exclusive discretion to determine when the Relationship has terminated for purposes of this RSU (including when the Recipient is no longer considered to be providing active service while on a leave of absence).
(e)     Special Definitions . For purposes of this Section 2, the term “Company” refers to the Company as defined in the last sentence of Section 1 of the Plan, and the term “Retirement” means termination of the Recipient’s Relationship with the Company after the Recipient has attained age fifty-eight (58) and has a combined age and Years of Credited Service of at least seventy (70). “Years of Credited Service” shall mean the Recipient’s years of total adjusted service with the Company, calculated from the Recipient’s initial hire date with the Company (or any predecessor business acquired by the Company) and without regard to any lapses in active employment while employed by the Company, such as approved leaves of absences.
3.      Dividends . A Recipient shall be credited with dividend equivalents equal to the dividends the Recipient would have received if the Recipient had been the actual record owner of the Underlying Shares on each dividend record date on or after the Grant Date and through the date the Recipient receives a settlement pursuant to Section 4 below (the “Dividend Equivalent”). If a dividend on the Stock is payable wholly or partially in Stock, the Dividend Equivalent representing that portion shall be in the form of additional RSUs, credited on a one-for-one basis. If a dividend on the Stock is payable wholly or partially in cash, the Dividend Equivalent representing that portion shall also be in the form of cash and a Recipient shall be treated as being credited with any cash dividends, without earnings, until settlement pursuant to Section 4 below. If a dividend on Stock is payable wholly or partially in other than cash or Stock, the Committee may, in its discretion, provide for such Dividend Equivalents with respect to that portion as it deems appropriate under the circumstances. Dividend Equivalents shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as the RSUs originally awarded pursuant to this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, and they shall vest (or, if applicable, be forfeited) as if they had been granted at the same time as the original RSU. Dividend Equivalents representing the cash portion of a dividend on Stock shall be settled in cash.
4.      Delivery of Underlying Shares or Cash Settlement . With respect to any RSUs that become vested RSUs as of a Vesting Date pursuant to Section 2, the Company shall issue and deliver to the Recipient as soon as practicable following the applicable Vesting Date (a) the number of Underlying Shares equal to the number of RSUs vesting on that date or an amount of cash equal to the Fair Market Value, as defined in the Plan, of such Underlying Shares as of that date (or such later delivery date, if applicable) and (b) the amount (and in the form) due with respect to the Dividend Equivalents applicable to such Underlying Shares. Whether Underlying Shares, or the cash value thereof, shall be issued or paid at settlement shall be determined based on the “Form of Settlement” specified in the Customizing Information.



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Any shares issued pursuant to this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement shall be issued, without issue or transfer tax, by (i) delivering a stock certificate or certificates for such shares out of theretofore authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares of its Stock as the Company may elect or (ii) issuance of shares of its Stock in book entry form; provided, however, that the time of such delivery may be postponed by the Company for such period as may be required for it with reasonable diligence to comply with any applicable requirements of law. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Section 4, delivery of Underlying Shares shall be made, or the amount of cash equivalent thereto shall be paid, only if the required purchase price designated as the “Purchase Price” shown in the Customizing Information per underlying RSU is paid to the Company by means of payment acceptable to the Company in accordance with the terms of the Plan. If the Recipient fails to pay for or accept delivery of all of the shares, the right to shares of Stock provided pursuant to this RSU may be terminated by the Company.
5.      Withholding Taxes . The Recipient hereby agrees, as a condition of this award, to provide to the Company (or a subsidiary employing the Recipient, as applicable) an amount sufficient to satisfy the Company’s and/or subsidiary’s obligation to withhold any and all federal, state, local or provincial income tax, social security, social insurance, payroll tax, fringe benefits tax, payment on account or other tax-related items or statutory withholdings related to the Recipient’s participation in the Plan (the “Withholding Amount”), if any, by (a) authorizing the Company and/or any subsidiary employing the Recipient, as applicable, to withhold the Withholding Amount from the Recipient’s cash compensation or (b) remitting the Withholding Amount to the Company (or a subsidiary employing the Recipient, as applicable) in cash; provided, however, that to the extent that the Withholding Amount is not provided by one or a combination of such methods, the Company may at its election withhold from the Underlying Shares and Dividend Equivalents that would otherwise be delivered that number of shares (and/or cash) having a Fair Market Value on the date of vesting sufficient to eliminate any deficiency in the Withholding Amount. Regardless of any action that the Company and/or subsidiary takes with respect to any or all federal, state, local or provincial income tax, social security, social insurance, payroll tax, fringe benefits tax, payment on account or other tax-related items or statutory withholdings related to the Recipient’s participation in the Plan, the Recipient acknowledges that he or she, and not the Company and/or any subsidiary, has the ultimate liability for any such items. Further, if the Recipient becomes subject to tax in more than one jurisdiction between the Grant Date and the date of any relevant taxable or tax withholding event, the Recipient acknowledges that the Company and/or subsidiary may be required to withhold or account for such tax-related items in more than one jurisdiction.
6.      Non-assignability of RSUs and Dividend Equivalents . RSUs and Dividend Equivalents shall not be assignable or transferable by the Recipient except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution or as permitted by the Committee in its discretion pursuant to the terms of the Plan. During the life of the Recipient, delivery of shares of Stock or payment of cash as settlement of RSUs and Dividend Equivalents shall be made only to the Recipient, to a conservator or guardian duly appointed for the Recipient by reason of the Recipient’s incapacity or to the person appointed by the Recipient in a durable power of attorney acceptable to the Company’s counsel.
7.      Compliance with Securities Act; Lock-Up Agreement . The Company shall not be obligated to sell or issue any Underlying Shares or other securities in settlement of RSUs and Dividend Equivalents hereunder unless the shares of Stock or other securities are at that time effectively registered or exempt from registration under the Securities Act and applicable state or provincial securities laws. In the event shares or other securities shall be issued that shall not be so registered, the Recipient hereby represents, warrants and agrees that the Recipient will receive such shares or other securities for investment and not with a view to their resale or distribution, and will execute an appropriate investment letter satisfactory to the Company and its counsel. The Recipient further hereby agrees that as a condition to the settlement of RSUs and Dividend Equivalents, the Recipient will execute an agreement in a form acceptable to the Company to the effect that the shares shall be subject to any underwriter’s lock-up agreement in connection with a public offering of any securities of the Company that may from time to time apply to shares held by officers and employees of the Company, and such agreement or a successor agreement must be in full force and effect.



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8.      Legends . The Recipient hereby acknowledges that the stock certificate or certificates (or entries in the case of book entry form) evidencing shares of Stock or other securities issued pursuant to any settlement of an RSU or Dividend Equivalent hereunder may bear a legend (or provide a restriction) setting forth the restrictions on their transferability described in Section 7 hereof, if such restrictions are then in effect.
9.      Rights as Stockholder . The Recipient shall have no rights as a stockholder with respect to any RSUs, Dividend Equivalents or Underlying Shares until the date of issuance of a stock certificate (or appropriate entry is made in the case of book entry form) for Underlying Shares and any Dividend Equivalents. Except as provided by Section 3, no adjustment shall be made for any rights for which the record date is prior to the date such stock certificate is issued (or appropriate entry is made in the case of book entry form), except to the extent the Committee so provides, pursuant to the terms of the Plan and upon such terms and conditions it may establish.
10.      Effect Upon Employment and Performance of Services . Nothing in this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement or the Plan shall be construed to impose any obligation upon the Company or any subsidiary to employ or utilize the services of the Recipient or to retain the Recipient in its employ or to engage or retain the services of the Recipient.
11.      Time for Acceptance . Unless the Recipient shall evidence acceptance of this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement by electronic or other means prescribed by the Committee within sixty (60) days after its delivery, the RSUs and Dividend Equivalents shall be null and void (unless waived by the Committee).
12.      Right of Repayment . In the event that the Recipient breaches any confidentiality, inventions, non-solicitation and/or non-competition agreement with the Company, the Recipient shall pay to the Company an amount equal to the excess of the Fair Market Value of the Underlying Shares as of the date of settlement (whether settled in cash or Stock) over the Purchase Price, if any, paid (or deemed paid) together with the value of any Dividend Equivalents; provided, however, that the Committee in its discretion may release the Recipient from the requirement to make such payment, if the Committee determines that the Recipient’s breach of such agreement is not inimical to the best interests of the Company. In accordance with applicable law, the Company may deduct the amount of payment due under the preceding sentence from any compensation or other amount payable by the Company to the Recipient. For purposes of this Section 12, the term “Company” refers to the Company as defined in the last sentence of Section 1 of the Plan.
13.      Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code . The RSUs and Dividend Equivalents granted hereunder are intended to avoid the potential adverse tax consequences to the Recipient of Section 409A of the Code and the Committee may make such modifications to this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement as it deems necessary or advisable to avoid such adverse tax consequences. If and to the extent that the RSUs and Dividend Equivalents are subject to Section 409A, in addition to the provisions of Section 12(f) of the Plan, any payment upon termination of the Relationship shall be made only upon a “separation from service” under Section 409A, and the Recipient may not directly or indirectly designate the calendar year of a payment.
14.      Electronic Delivery . The Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver any documents related to current or future participation in the Plan by electronic means. The Recipient consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and agrees to participate in the Plan through an on-line or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or a third party designated by the Company.
15.      Company Policies . This RSU shall be subject to any applicable clawback or recoupment policies, share trading policies, and other policies that may be implemented by the Board from time to time, in accordance with applicable law.
16.      Nature of Award . By accepting this RSU, the Recipient acknowledges, understands and agrees that:



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(a)    the Plan is established voluntarily by the Company, is discretionary in nature and may be modified, amended, suspended or terminated by the Company at any time, to the extent permitted by the Plan and this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement;
(b)    the grant of this RSU is voluntary and occasional and does not create any contractual or other right to receive future awards under the Plan or benefits in lieu of Plan awards, even if RSUs or other Plan awards have been granted in the past;
(c)    all decisions with respect to future RSU awards will be at the sole discretion of the Committee;
(d)    he or she is voluntarily participating in the Plan;
(e)    the future value of the Underlying Shares is unknown and cannot be predicted with certainty;
(f)    if the Recipient resides and/or works outside the United States, the following additional provisions shall apply:
(i)    this RSU, including any Dividend Equivalents, and the Underlying Shares are not intended to replace any pension rights or compensation;
(ii)    this RSU, including any Dividend Equivalents, and the Underlying Shares (including value attributable to each) do not constitute compensation of any kind for services of any kind rendered to the Company and/or any subsidiary thereof and are outside the scope of the Recipient’s employment contract, if any;
(iii)    this RSU, including any Dividend Equivalents, and any Underlying Shares (including the value attributable to each) are not part of normal or expected compensation or salary, including, but not limited to, for purposes of calculating any severance, resignation, termination, redundancy, dismissal, end-of-service payments, bonuses, service awards, pension or retirement or welfare benefits or similar payments unless such other arrangement explicitly provides to the contrary;
(iv)    no claim or entitlement to compensation or damages shall arise from forfeiture of the RSU, including any Dividend Equivalents, resulting from the Recipient’s termination of the Relationship for any reason, and in consideration of this RSU, including any Dividend Equivalents, the Recipient irrevocably agrees never to institute a claim against the Company and/or subsidiary, waives his or her ability to bring such claim and releases the Company and/or subsidiary from any claim; if, notwithstanding the foregoing, such claim is allowed by a court of competent jurisdiction, then by accepting this RSU, including any Dividend Equivalents, the Recipient is deemed irrevocably to have agreed not to pursue such claim and agrees to execute any and all documents necessary to request dismissal or withdrawal of such claims; and
(g)    the Company shall not be liable for any foreign exchange rate fluctuation between the Recipient’s local currency and the United States dollar that may affect the value of this RSU or any amounts due pursuant to the settlement of the RSU or the subsequent sale of any Underlying Shares acquired upon settlement.
17.      Appendix . Notwithstanding any provision in this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, this RSU shall be subject to any special terms and conditions set forth in any Appendix to this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for the Recipient’s country of residence or in which the Recipient works. Moreover, if the Recipient relocates to one of the countries included in the Appendix, the special terms and conditions for such country will apply to the Recipient, to the extent the Company determines that the application of such terms and conditions is necessary or advisable in



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order to comply with local law or facilitate the administration of the Plan. The Appendix constitutes part of this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement.
18.      General Provisions .
(a)      Amendment; Waivers . This Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, including the Plan, contains the full and complete understanding and agreement of the parties hereto as to the subject matter hereof, and except as otherwise permitted by the express terms of the Plan and this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and applicable law, it may not be modified or amended nor may any provision hereof be waived without a further written agreement duly signed by each of the parties; provided, however, that a modification or amendment that does not materially diminish the rights of the Recipient hereunder, as they may exist immediately before the effective date of the modification or amendment, shall be effective upon written notice of its provisions to the Recipient, to the extent permitted by applicable law. The waiver by either of the parties hereto of any provision hereof in any instance shall not operate as a waiver of any other provision hereof or in any other instance. The Recipient shall have the right to receive, upon request, a written confirmation from the Company of the Customizing Information.
(b)      Binding Effect . This Restricted Stock Unit Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, representatives, successors and assigns.
(c)      Fractional RSUs, Underlying Shares and Dividend Equivalents . All fractional Underlying Shares and Dividend Equivalents settled in Stock resulting from the application of the Vesting Schedule or the adjustment provisions contained in the Plan shall be rounded down to the nearest whole share. If cash in lieu of Underlying Shares is delivered at settlement, or Dividend Equivalents are settled in cash, the amount paid shall be rounded down to the nearest penny.
(d)      Governing Law . This Restricted Stock Unit Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law.
(e)      Construction . This Restricted Stock Unit Agreement is to be construed in accordance with the terms of the Plan. In case of any conflict between the Plan and this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, the Plan shall control. The titles of the sections of this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and of the Plan are included for convenience only and shall not be construed as modifying or affecting their provisions. The masculine gender shall include both sexes; the singular shall include the plural and the plural the singular unless the context otherwise requires. Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Plan.
(f)      Language . If the Recipient receives this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, or any other document related to this RSU and/or the Plan translated into a language other than English and if the meaning of the translated version is different than the English version, the English version will control.
(g)      Data Privacy .
(i)    The Recipient hereby explicitly and unambiguously consents to the collection, use and transfer, in electronic or other form, of the Recipient’s personal data as described in this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement by and among, as applicable, his or her employer, the Company and its subsidiaries for the exclusive purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Recipient’s participation in the Plan.
(ii)    The Recipient understands that his or her employer, the Company and its subsidiaries, as applicable, hold certain personal information about the Recipient regarding his or



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her employment, the nature and amount of the Recipient’s compensation and the fact and conditions of the Recipient’s participation in the Plan, including, but not limited to, the Recipient’s name, home address, telephone number and e-mail address, date of birth, social insurance number or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title, any shares of stock or directorships held in the Company and its subsidiaries, details of all options, awards or any other entitlement to shares of stock awarded, canceled, exercised, vested, unvested or outstanding in the Recipient’s favor, for the purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Plan (the “Data”).
(iii)    The Recipient understands that the Data may be transferred to any third parties assisting in the implementation, administration and management of the Plan, that these third parties may be located in the Recipient’s country, or elsewhere, and that the third party’s country may have different data privacy laws and protections than the Recipient’s country. The Recipient understands that the Recipient may request a list with the names and addresses of any potential recipients of the Data by contacting his or her local human resources representative. The Recipient authorizes the recipients to receive, possess, use, retain and transfer the Data, in electronic or other form, for the purposes of implementing, administering and managing the Recipient’s participation in the Plan, including any requisite transfer of such Data as may be required to a broker or other third party. The Recipient understands that the Data will be held only as long as is necessary to implement, administer and manage Recipient’s participation in the Plan. The Recipient understands that he or she may, at any time, view the Data, request additional information about the storage and processing of the Data, require any necessary amendments to the Data or refuse or withdraw the consents herein, in any case without cost, by contacting in writing the Recipient’s local human resources representative. The Recipient understands, however, that refusing or withdrawing his or her consent may affect the Recipient’s ability to participate in the Plan. For more information on the consequences of refusal to consent or withdrawal of consent, the Recipient understands that the Recipient may contact his or her local human resources representative.
(h)      Notices . Any notice in connection with this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement shall be deemed to have been properly delivered if it is delivered in the form specified by the Committee as follows:
To the Recipient:    Last address provided to the Company
To the Company:    Iron Mountain Incorporated
One Federal Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Attn: Chief Financial Officer
(i)      Version Number . This document is Version 3 of the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Agreement.



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IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan
Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Version 3)
Appendix
Country-Specific Provisions
Terms and Conditions
This Appendix includes additional, or if so indicated replaces, certain terms and conditions that govern an RSU granted under the Plan if a Recipient resides or works in one of the countries listed below. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Appendix have the meanings set forth in the Plan and/or the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement.
Notifications
The information contained herein is general in nature and may not apply to each particular Recipient’s situation and the Company is not in a position to assure a Recipient of any particular result. Accordingly, the Recipient is advised to seek appropriate professional advice as to how the relevant laws in a particular country may apply to his or her situation.
If the Recipient is a citizen or resident of a country other than the one in which the Recipient is currently working, transfers employment or service location after the Grant Date, or is considered a resident of another country for local law purposes, the information contained herein may not apply to the Recipient, and the Company shall, in its discretion, determine to what extent the terms and conditions contained herein shall apply.
Belgium
Time for Acceptance . This provision replaces Section 11 of the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement:
Unless the Recipient shall evidence written acceptance of this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement by electronic or other means prescribed by the Committee within sixty (60) days after its delivery, the RSUs and Dividend Equivalents shall be null and void (unless waived by the Committee).
Canada
RSUs Payable Only in Shares . Notwithstanding any discretion in the Plan or anything to the contrary in this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, the grant of the RSUs does not provide the Recipient any right to receive a cash payment and the RSUs may be settled only in shares of Company Stock.
Vesting . For purposes of Section 2 of the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, the date of termination of the Relationship will occur on the date active and actual employment or the provision of other services ceases, irrespective of whether such termination of employment or services is wrongful or otherwise, and will not be extended by any period of notice or compensation in lieu thereof.
Time for Acceptance . This provision supplements Section 11 of the Restricted Stock Unit:
The Recipient agrees that his or her acceptance of this award and participation in the Plan is voluntary and has not been induced by the promise of employment or continued employment with the Company or any subsidiary.
France
Information and Disclaimer . Please be mindful that:




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(1)
This offer does not require a prospectus to be submitted for approval to the Autorité des Marchés Financiers (“AMF”);
(2)
The Recipient may take part in the offer solely for his or her own account; and
(3)
Any financial instruments thus acquired cannot be distributed directly or indirectly to the public otherwise than in accordance with Articles L. 411-1, L. 411-2, L. 412-1 and L. 621-8 to L. 621-8-3 of the Monetary and Financial Code.
The information provided to the Recipient in this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, the Plan or other documents supplied to the Recipient in connection with the award to the Recipient of a restricted stock unit is provided as factual information only and as such is not intended to induce the Recipient to accept to enter into this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement. Any such information does not give or purport to give any indication of the likely future financial success or performance of the Company and historical financial information gives no indication of future financial performance.
The value of a share of Stock of the Company may go down as well as up and the Recipient must make his or her own decision as to whether he or she wishes to receive shares of Common Stock of the Company in the conditions set forth in the Plan. Should the Recipient be in any doubt as to the contents of the offer of this RSU or what course of action to take in relation to the offer, the Recipient is recommended to seek immediately his or her own personal financial advice from the Recipient’s stockbroker, bank manager, solicitor, accountant or other independent financial advisor duly authorized by the competent authorities or bodies.
Vesting . This provision replaces the first sentence of Section 2(a) of the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement:
If the Recipient remains in an employment, contractual or other service relationship with the Company (“Relationship”) as of a “Vesting Date,” as specified in the Customizing Information, all or a portion, as applicable (the “Incremental Amount,” as specified in the Customizing Information), of the RSUs shall vest on such date.
Right of Repayment . Section 12 of the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement shall not apply to the RSU.
Hungary
Grant . Any shares acquired under the Plan are deemed as privately placed under Act No. CXX of 2011 on the Capital Market.
The Netherlands
Effect Upon Employment and Performance of Services . This provision supplements Section 10 of the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement:
RSUs and Dividend Equivalents shall not form part of the employment or services conditions of the Recipient, nor shall they be treated (either at the time when it might apply or in any period prior thereto or any period thereafter) as remuneration for the purpose of pension arrangements nor shall they form any other employment or services related entitlement. RSUs and Dividend Equivalents shall not be included in the calculation of a possible severance payment and the Recipient waives all rights (if any) that he or she may have in this regard.
Poland
Right of Repayment . The right of repayment provided in Section 12 of this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement shall be subject to concluding a non-competition agreement, according to the relevant provisions of Polish law.
Governing Law . This provision supplements Section 17(d) of the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement:



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Any disputes resulting from this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement shall be settled exclusively by United States federal courts in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Language . This provision replaces Section 17(f) of the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement:
This Restricted Stock Unit Agreement was executed in two (2) identical counterparts, each in Polish and English versions, and one for each of the Company and the Recipient. In the case of any discrepancy between the Polish and English version, the Polish version will prevail.
United Kingdom
RSUs Payable Only in Shares . Notwithstanding any discretion in the Plan or anything to the contrary in this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, the grant of the RSUs does not provide the Recipient any right to receive a cash payment and the RSUs may be settled only in shares of Company Stock.
Withholding Taxes . This provision replaces the first sentence of Section 5 of the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement:
If a liability arises in connection with the award, holding, vesting or settlement of RSUs and/or Dividend Equivalents under which the Company or any subsidiary employing the Recipient is obliged to account for the tax and/or primary social security contributions (otherwise known as employee’s National Insurance Contributions) (“Employee Tax Liability”), then:
(a) If the Dividend Equivalent is cash settled, the Company or the relevant subsidiary may withhold the Employee Tax Liability from the sum of cash due to the Recipient; or
(b) If the RSU and/or Dividend Equivalent is Stock settled, then unless the Recipient makes a payment of an amount equal to the Employee Tax Liability within seven (7) days of being notified by his or her employer or the Company of the amount of the Employee Tax Liability, the Company may withhold sufficient of the shares of Company Stock resulting from the settlement of the RSU and/or Dividend Equivalent and arrange payment to the subsidiary on which the Employee Tax Liability falls of an amount equal to the Employee Tax Liability. If shares are withheld to cover the obligation for the Employee Tax Liability, then for tax purposes, the Recipient shall be deemed to have been issued the full number of shares of Company Stock with respect to the vested RSUs notwithstanding that a number of shares are held back for purposes of paying the Employee Tax Liability.
Effect Upon Employment and Performance of Services . This provision supplements Section 10 of the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement:
The Recipient shall have no entitlement to compensation or damages in consequence of the termination of his or her employment with the Company or any employing subsidiary for any reason whatsoever and whether or not in breach of contract, in so far as such entitlement arises or may arise from his or her ceasing to have rights under the RSU as a result of such termination or from the loss or diminution in value of the same and, upon grant, the Recipient shall be deemed irrevocably to have waived such entitlement.
Any EU Country
Data Privacy . This provision replaces Section 18(g) of the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement in its entirety:
i.
The Recipient hereby acknowledges and understands that the Recipient’s personal data is collected, retained, used, processed, disclosed and transferred, in electronic or other form, as described in this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement by and among, as applicable, the Recipient’s employer, the Company and its subsidiaries, and third parties assisting in the implementation, administration and management of the



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Plan for the exclusive purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Recipient’s participation in the Plan.
ii.
The Recipient understands that the Company and its subsidiaries (including his or her employer), as applicable, hold certain personal information about him or her regarding the Recipient’s employment, the nature and amount of the Recipient’s compensation and the fact and conditions of the Recipient’s participation in the Plan, including, but not limited to, his or her name, home address, telephone number and e-mail address, date of birth, social insurance number or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title, any equity or directorships held in the Company and details of all options or any other entitlement to equity awarded, canceled, exercised, vested, unvested or outstanding in his or her favor, in connection with the implementation, management and administration of the Plan (the “Data”).
The Recipient understands that the Data may be transferred to the Company, its subsidiaries and any third parties assisting in the implementation, administration and management of the Plan, that these entities or persons may be located in the Recipient’s country, or elsewhere, and that such entity or person’s country may have a different or lower standard of data privacy rights and protections than Recipient’s country. The Recipient understands that he or she may request a list with the names and addresses of any entities or persons that receive the Data by contacting the Recipient’s local human resources representative. The Recipient understands that the entities or persons receive, possess, use, retain and transfer the Data, in electronic or other form, for the purposes of implementing, administering and managing his or her participation in the Plan, including transfers of such Data to a broker or other third party. The Recipient understands that the Data will be held only as long as is necessary to implement, administer and manage his or her participation in the Plan in accordance with applicable law. The Recipient understands that he or she may, at any time, request to access or be provided the Data, request additional information about the storage and processing of the Data, require any corrections or amendments to the Data in any case without cost and to the extent permitted by law, by contacting in writing his or her local human resources representative. The Recipient understands, however, that objecting to the processing of his or her Data may affect the Recipient’s ability to participate in the Plan.



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IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan
Restricted Stock Unit Schedule

Participant Name
Employee

In accordance with the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, of which this Restricted Stock Unit Schedule is a part (which together, constitute the “Customizing Information”), the Company hereby grants to Participant Name (the “Recipient”) the following Restricted Stock Units:
Grant Date:                Grant Date
Grant Type:                Grant Type
Grant Date Fair Market Value:    FMV on Grant Date
Number of Units Granted:        Number of shares granted
Vesting Schedule:            Vesting Schedule
Form of Settlement:            Stock


ACCEPTANCE BY RECIPIENT
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement to be issued as of the date set forth above.
Date: ______________________            ____________________________________
(Signature of Recipient)




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Exhibit 10.3

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan
Stock Option Agreement (Version 3)
This Stock Option Agreement and the associated grant award information (the “Customizing Information”), which Customizing Information is provided in written form or is available in electronic form from the recordkeeper for the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan, as amended and in effect from time to time (the “Plan”), made as of the date shown as the “Grant Date” in the Customizing Information (the “Grant Date”) by and between Iron Mountain Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the individual identified in the Customizing Information (the “Optionee”). This instrument and the Customizing Information are collectively referred to as the “Option Agreement.”
WITNESSETH THAT:
WHEREAS, the Company has instituted the Plan; and
WHEREAS, the Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) has authorized the grant of a stock option upon the terms and conditions set forth below and pursuant to the Plan, a copy of which is incorporated herein; and
WHEREAS, the Optionee acknowledges that he or she has carefully read this Option Agreement and agrees, as provided in Section 18(a) below, that the terms and conditions of the Option Agreement reflect the entire understanding between himself or herself and the Company regarding this stock option (and the Optionee has not relied upon any statement or promise other than the terms and conditions of the Option Agreement with respect to this stock option);
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Optionee agree as follows.
1. Grant . Subject to the terms of the Plan and this Option Agreement, the Company hereby grants to the Optionee a stock option (the “Option”) to purchase from the Company the amount of Common Stock (“Stock”) shown in the Customizing Information under “Shares Granted.” If so provided in the “Grant Type” shown in the Customizing Information, this Option is intended to constitute for United States income tax purposes an Incentive Stock Option and to qualify for special United States federal income tax treatment under Section 422 of the Code and upon exercise, the maximum number of shares that can be treated as Incentive Stock Options shall be so treated, and the remainder shall be treated as Nonstatutory Stock Options.
2. Grant Price . This Option may be exercised at the “Grant Price” per share shown in the Customizing Information, subject to adjustment as provided herein and in the Plan.



 

3. Term and Exercisability of Option . This Option shall expire at 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the “Expiration Date” shown in the Customizing Information, unless the Option expires earlier pursuant to this Section 3 or any provision of the Plan. At any time before its expiration, this Option may be exercised to the extent vested, as shown in the Customizing Information, provided that:
(a) at the time of exercise the Optionee is not in violation of any confidentiality, inventions, non-solicitation and/or non-competition agreement with the Company;
(b) the Optionee’s employment, contractual or other service relationship with the Company (“Relationship”) must be in effect on a given date in order for any scheduled increment in vesting, as set forth in the “Vesting Schedule” shown in the Customizing Information, to become effective, except as provided in Section 3(c) below
(c) if the Optionee’s Relationship with the Company terminates on account of Retirement (as defined below) on or after the first July 1 following the Grant Date, the Option shall continue to vest on the schedule shown in the Customizing Information, provided the Optionee continues to comply with any confidentiality, inventions, non-solicitation and/or non-competition agreement with the Company;
(d) this Option may not be exercised after the sixtieth (60th) day following the date of termination of the Relationship between the Optionee and the Company, except that (i) if the Relationship terminates by reason of the Optionee’s death or total and permanent disability (as determined by the Board on the basis of medical advice satisfactory to it), the entire remaining Option shall become fully vested and the unexercised portion of the Option shall remain exercisable thereafter for one (1) year and (ii) if the Relationship terminates on account of the Optionee’s Retirement on or after the first July 1 following the Grant Date, the unexercised portion of the Option that is vested or becomes vested pursuant to Section 3(c) above shall remain exercisable thereafter until the earlier of three (3) years after termination of the Relationship or the Option Expiration Date as detailed in the Customizing Information; and
(e) in the event the Relationship is terminated for any reason (whether voluntary or involuntary), (i) the Optionee’s right to vest in the Option will, except as provided in Section 9(c) of the Plan or otherwise explicitly in Sections 3(c) and 3(d) or as provided by the Committee, terminate as of the date of termination of the Relationship (and such right shall not be extended by any notice period mandated under local law), (ii) the Optionee’s continuing right (if any) to exercise the Option after termination of the Relationship will be measured from the date of termination of the Relationship (and such right will not be extended by any notice period mandated under local law) and (iii) the Committee shall have the exclusive discretion to determine when the Relationship has terminated for purposes of this Option (including determining when the Optionee is no longer considered to be providing active service while on a leave of absence).
For purposes of this Section 3, the term “Company” refers to the Company as defined in the last sentence of Section 1 of the Plan, and the term “Retirement” means termination of the Optionee’s Relationship with the Company after the Optionee has attained age fifty-eight (58) and has a combined age and Years of Credited Service of at least seventy (70). “Years of Credited Service” shall mean the Optionee’s years of total adjusted service with the Company, calculated from the Optionee’s initial hire date with the Company (or any predecessor business acquired by the Company) and without regard to any lapses in active employment while employed by the Company, such as approved leaves of absences.
It is the Optionee’s responsibility to be aware of the date that the Option expires.
4. Method of Exercise . Prior to its expiration and to the extent that the right to purchase shares of Stock has vested hereunder, this Option may be exercised in whole or in part from time to time by notice provided in a manner consistent with the requirements of Section 5(e) of the Plan, accompanied by payment in full of the Grant Price by means of payment acceptable to the Company in accordance with Section 5(f) of the Plan.

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As soon as practicable after its receipt of notice, the Company shall, without transfer or issue tax to the Optionee (or other person entitled to exercise this Option), (i) deliver to the Optionee (or other person entitled to exercise this Option), at the principal executive offices of the Company or such other place as shall be mutually acceptable, a stock certificate or certificates for such shares out of theretofore authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares of its Stock as the Company may elect or (ii) issue shares of its Stock in book entry form; provided, however, that the time of delivery or issuance may be postponed by the Company for such period as may be required for it with reasonable diligence to comply with any applicable requirements of law; and provided, further, that any shares delivered or issued shall remain subject to any applicable securities law or trading restrictions imposed pursuant to the terms of this Option Agreement and the Plan.
If the Optionee (or other person entitled to exercise this Option) fails to pay for and accept delivery of all of the shares specified in the notice upon tender of delivery thereof, his or her right to exercise this Option with respect to such shares not paid for may be terminated by the Company.
5. Withholding Taxes . The Optionee hereby agrees, as a condition to any exercise of this Option, to provide to the Company (or a subsidiary employing the Optionee, as applicable) an amount sufficient to satisfy the Company’s and/or subsidiary’s obligation to withhold any and all federal, state, local or provincial income tax, social security, social insurance, payroll tax, fringe benefits tax, payment on account or other tax-related items or statutory withholdings related to the Optionee’s participation in the Plan (the ”Withholding Amount”), if any, by (a) authorizing the Company and/or any subsidiary employing the Optionee, as applicable, to withhold the Withholding Amount from the Optionee’s cash compensation or (b) remitting the Withholding Amount to the Company (or a subsidiary employing the Optionee, as applicable) in cash; provided, however, that to the extent that the Withholding Amount is not provided by one or a combination of such methods, the Company may at its election withhold from the Stock that would otherwise be delivered upon exercise of this Option that number of shares having a Fair Market Value on the date of exercise sufficient to eliminate any deficiency in the Withholding Amount. Regardless of any action that the Company and/or subsidiary takes with respect to any or all federal, state, local or provincial income tax, social security, social insurance, payroll tax, fringe benefits tax, payment on account or other tax-related items or statutory withholdings related to the Optionee’s participation in the Plan, the Optionee acknowledges that he or she, and not the Company and/or any subsidiary, has the ultimate liability for any such items. Further, if the Optionee becomes subject to tax in more than one jurisdiction between the Grant Date and the date of any relevant taxable or tax withholding event, the Optionee acknowledges that the Company and/or subsidiary may be required to withhold or account for such tax-related items in more than one jurisdiction.
6. Non-assignability of Option . This Option shall not be assignable or transferable by the Optionee except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution or as permitted by the Committee in its discretion pursuant to the terms of the Plan. During the life of the Optionee, this Option shall be exercisable only by him or her, by a conservator or guardian duly appointed for him or her by reason of the Optionee’s incapacity or by the person appointed by the Optionee in a durable power of attorney acceptable to the Company’s counsel.
7. Compliance with Securities Act; Lock-Up Agreement . The Company shall not be obligated to sell or issue any shares of Stock or other securities pursuant to the exercise of this Option unless the shares of Stock or other securities with respect to which this Option is being exercised are at that time effectively registered or exempt from registration under the Securities Act and applicable state or provincial securities laws. In the event shares or other securities shall be issued that shall not be so registered, the Optionee hereby represents, warrants and agrees that he or she will receive such shares or other securities for investment and not with a view to their resale or distribution, and will execute an appropriate investment letter satisfactory to the Company and its counsel. The Optionee further hereby agrees that as a condition to the purchase of shares upon exercise of this Option, he or she will execute an agreement in a form acceptable to the Company to the effect that the shares shall be subject to any underwriter’s lock-up agreement in connection with a public offering of any securities of the Company that may from time to time apply to shares held by officers and employees of the Company, and such agreement or a successor agreement must be in full force and effect.

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8. Legends . The Optionee hereby acknowledges that the stock certificate or certificates (or entries in the case of book entry form) evidencing shares of Stock or other securities issued pursuant to any exercise of this Option may bear a legend (or provide a restriction) setting forth the restrictions on their transferability described in Section 7 hereof, if such restrictions are then in effect.
9. Rights as Stockholder . The Optionee shall have no rights as a stockholder with respect to any shares covered by this Option until the date of issuance of a stock certificate (or appropriate entry is made in the case of book entry form) to him or her for such shares. No adjustment shall be made for dividends or other rights for which the record date is prior to the date such stock certificate is issued (or appropriate entry is made in the case of book entry form).
10. Effect Upon Employment and Performance of Services . Nothing in this Option or the Plan shall be construed to impose any obligation upon the Company or any subsidiary to employ or utilize the services of the Optionee or to retain the Optionee in its employ or to engage or retain the services of the Optionee.
11. Time for Acceptance . Unless the Optionee shall evidence his or her acceptance of this Option by electronic or other means prescribed by the Committee within sixty (60) days after its delivery, the Option shall be null and void (unless waived by the Committee).
12. Notice of Disqualifying Disposition . If the “Grant Type” shown in the Customizing Information indicates that the Option is an Incentive Stock Option, the Optionee agrees to notify the Company promptly in the event that he or she sells, transfers, exchanges or otherwise disposes of any shares of Stock issued upon exercise of the Option before the later of (a) the second anniversary of the date of grant of the Option and (b) the first anniversary of the date the shares were issued upon his or her exercise of the Option.
13. Right of Repayment . In the event that the Optionee breaches any confidentiality, inventions, non-solicitation and/or non-competition agreement with the Company, the Optionee shall pay to the Company an amount equal to the excess of the Fair Market Value of the Stock as of the date of exercise over the price paid for such shares; provided, however, that the Committee in its discretion may release the Optionee from the requirement to make such payment, if the Committee determines that the Optionee’s breach of such agreement is not inimical to the best interests of the Company. In accordance with applicable law, the Company may deduct the amount of payment due under the preceding sentence from any compensation or other amount payable by the Company to the Optionee. For purposes of this Section 13, the term “Company” refers to the Company as defined in the last sentence of Section 1 of the Plan.
14. Electronic Delivery . The Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver any documents related to current or future participation in the Plan by electronic means. The Optionee consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and agrees to participate in the Plan through an on-line or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or a third party designated by the Company.
15. Company Policies . This Option shall be subject to any applicable clawback or recoupment policies, share trading policies, and other policies that may be implemented by the Board from time to time, in accordance with applicable law.
16. Nature of Award . By accepting this Option, the Optionee acknowledges, understands and agrees that:
(a)    the Plan is established voluntarily by the Company, is discretionary in nature and may be modified, amended, suspended or terminated by the Company at any time, to the extent permitted by the Plan and this Option Agreement;
(b)    the grant of this Option is voluntary and occasional and does not create any contractual or other right to receive future awards under the Plan or benefits in lieu of Plan awards, even if Options or other Plan awards have been granted in the past;

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(c)    all decisions with respect to future Option grants or Plan awards will be at the sole discretion of the Committee;
(d)    he or she is voluntarily participating in the Plan;
(e)    the future value of shares of Stock underlying the Option is unknown and cannot be predicted with certainty;
(f)    if the underlying shares of Stock do not increase in value, the Option, as measured by the difference between the fair market value of the Stock and the Grant Price, will have no value;
(g)    if the Optionee exercises the Option and acquires shares of Stock, the value of such shares may increase or decrease in value;
(h)    if the Optionee resides and/or works outside the United States, the following additional provisions shall apply:
(i)    the Option and any shares of Stock acquired under the Plan do not replace any pension or retirement rights or compensation;
(ii)    the Option and any shares of Stock acquired under the Plan (including the value attributable to each) do not constitute compensation of any kind for services of any kind rendered to the Company and/or any subsidiary thereof and are outside the scope of the Optionee’s employment contract, if any;
(iii) the Option and any shares of Stock acquired under the Plan (including the value attributable to each) are not part of normal or expected compensation or salary, including, but not limited to, for purposes of calculating any severance, resignation, termination, redundancy, dismissal, end-of-service payments, bonuses, service awards, pension or retirement or welfare benefits or similar payments unless such other arrangement explicitly provides to the contrary;
(iv)    no claim or entitlement to compensation or damages shall arise from forfeiture of the Option resulting from a termination of the Relationship for any reason and in consideration of the grant of the Option, the Optionee irrevocably agrees never to institute a claim against the Company and/or any subsidiary, waives his or her ability to bring such claim and releases the Company and/or its subsidiaries from any claim; if, notwithstanding the foregoing, such claim is allowed by a court of competent jurisdiction, then by accepting this Option, the Optionee is deemed irrevocably to have agreed not to pursue such claim and agrees to execute any and all documents necessary to request dismissal or withdrawal of such claims; and
(i)    the Company shall not be liable for any foreign exchange rate fluctuation between the Optionee’s local currency and the United States dollar that may affect the value of the Option or any amounts due pursuant to the exercise of the Option or the subsequent sale of any shares of Stock acquired upon settlement.
17. Appendix . Notwithstanding any provision in this Option Agreement, the Option grant shall be subject to any special terms and conditions set forth in any Appendix to this Option Agreement for the Optionee’s country of residence or in which the Optionee works. Moreover, if the Optionee relocates to one of the countries included in the Appendix, the special terms and conditions for such country will apply to the Optionee, to the extent the Company determines that the application of such terms and conditions is necessary or advisable in order to comply with local law or facilitate the administration of the Plan. The Appendix constitutes part of this Option Agreement.

5

 

18. General Provisions .
(a) Amendment; Waivers . This Option Agreement, including the Plan, contains the full and complete understanding and agreement of the parties hereto as to the subject matter hereof, and except as otherwise permitted by the express terms of the Plan, this Option Agreement and applicable law, it may not be modified or amended nor may any provision hereof be waived without a further written agreement duly signed by each of the parties; provided, however, that a modification or amendment that does not materially diminish the rights of the Optionee hereunder, as they may exist immediately before the effective date of the modification or amendment, shall be effective upon written notice of its provisions to the Optionee, to the extent permitted by applicable law. The waiver by either of the parties hereto of any provision hereof in any instance shall not operate as a waiver of any other provision hereof or in any other instance. The Optionee shall have the right to receive, upon request, a written confirmation from the Company of the Customizing Information.
(b) Binding Effect . This Option Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, representatives, successors and assigns.
(c) Governing Law . This Option Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law.
(d) Construction . This Option Agreement is to be construed in accordance with the terms of the Plan. In case of any conflict between the Plan and this Option Agreement, the Plan shall control. The titles of the sections of this Option Agreement and of the Plan are included for convenience only and shall not be construed as modifying or affecting their provisions. The masculine gender shall include both sexes; the singular shall include the plural and the plural the singular unless the context otherwise requires. Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Plan.
(e) Language . If the Optionee receives this Option Agreement, or any other document related to the Option and/or the Plan translated into a language other than English and if the meaning of the translated version is different than the English version, the English version will control.
(f) Data Privacy .
(i)    The Optionee hereby explicitly and unambiguously consents to the collection, use and transfer, in electronic or other form, of the Optionee’s personal data as described in this Option Agreement by and among, as applicable, his or her employer, the Company and its subsidiaries for the exclusive purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Optionee’s participation in the Plan.
(ii)    The Optionee understands that his or her employer, the Company and its subsidiaries, as applicable, hold certain personal information about the Optionee regarding his or her employment, the nature and amount of the Optionee’s compensation and the fact and conditions of the Optionee’s participation in the Plan, including, but not limited to, the Optionee’s name, home address, telephone number and e-mail address, date of birth, social insurance number or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title, any shares of stock or directorships held in the Company and its subsidiaries, details of all options, awards or any other entitlement to shares of stock awarded, canceled, exercised, vested, unvested or outstanding in the Optionee’s favor, for the purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Plan (the “Data”).

6

 

(iii)    The Optionee understands that the Data may be transferred to any third parties assisting in the implementation, administration and management of the Plan, that these third parties may be located in the Optionee’s country, or elsewhere, and that the third party’s country may have different data privacy laws and protections than the Optionee’s country. The Optionee understands that the Optionee may request a list with the names and addresses of any potential recipients of the Data by contacting his or her local human resources representative. The Optionee authorizes the recipients to receive, possess, use, retain and transfer the Data, in electronic or other form, for the purposes of implementing, administering and managing the Optionee’s participation in the Plan, including any requisite transfer of such Data as may be required to a broker or other third party. The Optionee understands that the Data will be held only as long as is necessary to implement, administer and manage Optionee’s participation in the Plan. The Optionee understands that he or she may, at any time, view the Data, request additional information about the storage and processing of the Data, require any necessary amendments to the Data or refuse or withdraw the consents herein, in any case without cost, by contacting in writing the Optionee’s local human resources representative. The Optionee understands, however, that refusing or withdrawing his or her consent may affect the Optionee’s ability to participate in the Plan. For more information on the consequences of refusal to consent or withdrawal of consent, the Optionee understands that the Optionee may contact his or her local human resources representative.
(g) Notices . Any notice in connection with this Option Agreement shall be deemed to have been properly delivered if it is delivered in the form specified by the Committee as follows:
To the Optionee:    To his or her last address provided to the Company
To the Company:    Iron Mountain Incorporated
One Federal Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Attn: Chief Financial Officer
(h) Version Number . This document is Version 3 of the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement.





7




IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan
Stock Option Agreement (Version 3)
Appendix
Country-Specific Provisions
Terms and Conditions
This Appendix includes additional, or if so indicated replaces certain, terms and conditions that govern an Option granted under the Plan if an Optionee resides or works in one of the countries listed below. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Appendix have the meanings set forth in the Plan and/or the Option Agreement.
Notifications
The information contained herein is general in nature and may not apply to each particular Optionee’s situation and the Company is not in a position to assure an Optionee of any particular result. Accordingly, the Optionee is advised to seek appropriate professional advice as to how the relevant laws in a particular country may apply to his or her situation.
If the Optionee is a citizen or resident of a country other than the one in which the Optionee is currently working, transfers employment or service location after the Grant Date or is considered a resident of another country for local law purposes, the information contained herein may not apply to the Optionee, and the Company shall, in its discretion, determine to what extent the terms and conditions contained herein shall apply.
Belgium
Time for Acceptance . This provision replaces Section 11 of the Option Agreement:
Unless the Optionee shall evidence his or her written acceptance of this Option by electronic or other means prescribed by the Committee within ninety (90) days after its delivery, the Option shall be null and void (unless waived by the Committee).
Canada
Payment of Grant Price . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or this Option Agreement, the Grant Price may not be paid by delivery of shares of Company Stock or by using the net exercise procedure under the Plan.
Grant Type . In no event shall the Option be intended to constitute for United States income tax purposes an Incentive Stock Option or to qualify for special United States federal income tax treatment under section 422 of the Code.
Term and Exercisability of Option .
For purposes of Section 3 of the Option Agreement, the date of termination of the Relationship will occur on the date active and actual employment or the provision of other services ceases, irrespective of whether such termination of employment or services is wrongful or otherwise, and will not be extended by any period of notice or compensation in lieu thereof.
Time for Acceptance . This provision supplements Section 11 of the Option Agreement:
The Optionee agrees that his acceptance of this Option and participation in the Plan is voluntary and has not been induced by the promise of employment or continued employment with the Company or any subsidiary.


8




France
Information and Disclaimer . Please be mindful that:
(1)
This offer does not require a prospectus to be submitted for approval to the Autorité des Marchés Financiers (“AMF”);
(2)
The Optionee may take part in the offer solely for his or her own account; and
(3)
Any financial instruments thus acquired cannot be distributed directly or indirectly to the public otherwise than in accordance with Articles L. 411-1, L. 411-2, L. 412-1 and L. 621-8 to L. 621-8-3 of the Monetary and Financial Code.
The information provided to the Optionee in this Option Agreement, the Plan or other documents supplied to the Optionee in connection with the offer to the Optionee of stock options is provided as factual information only and as such is not intended to induce the Optionee to accept to enter into this Option Agreement. Any such information does not give or purport to give any indication of the likely future financial success or performance of the Company and historical financial information gives no indication of future financial performance.
The value of a share of Stock of the Company may go down as well as up and the Optionee must make his or her own decision as to whether he or she wishes to receive shares of Stock of the Company in the conditions set forth in the Plan. Should the Optionee be in any doubt as to the contents of the offer of this Option award or what course of action to take in relation to the offer, the Optionee is recommended to seek immediately his or her own personal financial advice from his or her stockbroker, bank manager, solicitor, accountant or other independent financial advisor duly authorized by the competent authorities or bodies.
Term and Exercisability of Option . Section 3(a) of the Option Agreement shall not apply to the Option. With respect to Section 3(b) of the Option Agreement, and for the avoidance of doubt, no further vesting shall occur after the date of dismissal, resignation or mutual termination, without regard to the Date of Termination Notification, as defined in Section 3(c) of the Option Agreement, as modified. Section 3(c) of the Option Agreement shall be modified by replacing the phrase “this Option may not be exercised after the sixtieth (60th) day following the date of termination of the Relationship between the Optionee and the Company” with the phrase “this Option may not be exercised after the sixtieth (60th) day following the date of sending the dismissal letter or resignation letter or date of signature reflecting mutual termination (“Date of Termination Notification”).”
Right of Repayment . Section 13 of the Option Agreement shall not apply to the Option.
Hungary
Grant . Any shares acquired under the Plan are deemed as privately placed under Act No. CXX of 2011 on the Capital Market.
The Netherlands
Effect Upon Employment and Performance of Services . This provision supplements Section 10 of the Option Agreement:
Options shall not form part of the employment or services conditions of the Optionee, nor shall they be treated (either at the time when it might apply or in any period prior thereto or any period thereafter) as remuneration for the purpose of pension arrangements nor shall they form any other employment or services related entitlement. Options shall not be included in the calculation of a possible severance payment and the Optionee waives all rights (if any) that he or she may have in this regard.
Poland

9




Right of Repayment . The right of repayment provided in Section 13 of this Option Agreement shall be subject to concluding a non-competition agreement, according to the relevant provisions of Polish law.
Governing Law . This provision supplements Section 17(c) of the Option Agreement:
Any disputes resulting from this Option Agreement shall be settled exclusively by United States federal courts in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Language . This provision replaces Section 17(e) of the Option Agreement:
This Option Agreement was executed in two (2) identical counterparts, each in Polish and English versions, and one for each of the Company and the Optionee. In the case of any discrepancy between the Polish and English version, the Polish version will prevail.
United Kingdom
Applicable Sub-Plan . This Option shall be subject to the United Kingdom Appendix for Unapproved Options to the Plan for grants to Optionees resident in the United Kingdom.
Grant Type . In no event shall the Option be intended to constitute for United States income tax purposes an Incentive Stock Option or to qualify for special United States federal income tax treatment under section 422 of the Code, nor is the Option intended to qualify for special tax treatment under Schedule 4 to the Income Tax (Earnings and pensions) Act 2003. Section 12 of the Option Agreement shall be inapplicable.
Term of Option . This provision replaces Section 3(c) of the Option Agreement:
(c) this Option may not be exercised after the sixtieth (60th) day following the date of termination of the Relationship between the Optionee and the Company, except that (i) if the Relationship terminates by reason of the Optionee’s death or total and permanent disability (as determined by the Board on the basis of medical advice satisfactory to it), the entire remaining Option shall become fully vested and the unexercised portion of the Option that is otherwise exercisable on the date of termination of the Relationship shall remain exercisable thereafter for one (1) year and (ii) if the Relationship ends on or after the Optionee’s Retirement, the unexercised portion of the Option that is otherwise exercisable when the Relationship ends shall remain exercisable thereafter for three (3) years; and
Withholding Taxes . This provision replaces the first sentence of Section 5 of the Option Agreement:
If a liability arises in connection with the exercise of an Option under which the Company or any subsidiary employing the Optionee is obliged to account for the tax and/or primary social security contributions (otherwise known as employee’s National Insurance contributions) (“Employee Tax Liability”), then unless
(a)    the relevant Optionee has indicated in the form of exercise that he or she will make a payment to his or her employer or the Company of an amount equal to the Employee Tax Liability and
(b)    the Optionee does, within seven (7) days of being notified by his or her employer or the Company of the amount of the Employee Tax Liability, make such payment to his or her employer or the Company,
the Company may withhold sufficient of the shares of Common Stock that would otherwise be issuable upon the exercise of the Option and arrange payment to the employing subsidiary on which the Employee Tax Liability falls of an amount equal to the Employee Tax Liability. If shares are withheld to cover the obligation for the Employee Tax Liability, then for tax purposes, the Optionee shall be deemed to have been

10




issued the full number of shares of Company Stock with respect to which the Option is exercised notwithstanding that a number of shares are held back for purposes of paying the Employee Tax Liability.
Effect Upon Employment and Performance of Services . This provision supplements Section 10 of the Option Agreement:
The Optionee shall have no entitlement to compensation or damages in consequence of the termination of his or her employment with the Company or any employing subsidiary for any reason whatsoever and whether or not in breach of contract, in so far as such entitlement arises or may arise from his or her ceasing to have rights under or to be entitled to exercise the Option as a result of such termination or from the loss or diminution in value of the same and, upon grant, the Optionee shall be deemed irrevocably to have waived such entitlement.
Any EU Country
Data Privacy . This provision replaces Section 18(f) of the Option Agreement in its entirety:
i.
The Optionee hereby acknowledges and understands that the Optionee’s personal data is collected, retained, used, processed, disclosed and transferred, in electronic or other form, as described in this Option Agreement by and among, as applicable, the Optionee’s employer, the Company and its subsidiaries, and third parties assisting in the implementation, administration and management of the Plan for the exclusive purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Optionee’s participation in the Plan.
ii.
The Optionee understands that the Company and its subsidiaries (including his or her employer), as applicable, hold certain personal information about him or her regarding the Optionee’s employment, the nature and amount of the Optionee’s compensation and the fact and conditions of the Optionee’s participation in the Plan, including, but not limited to, his or her name, home address, telephone number and e-mail address, date of birth, social insurance number or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title, any equity or directorships held in the Company and details of all options or any other entitlement to equity awarded, canceled, exercised, vested, unvested or outstanding in his or her favor, in connection with the implementation, management and administration of the Plan (the “Data”).
iii.
The Optionee understands that the Data may be transferred to the Company, its subsidiaries and any third parties assisting in the implementation, administration and management of the Plan, that these entities or persons may be located in the Optionee’s country, or elsewhere, and that such entity or person’s country may have a different or lower standard of data privacy rights and protections than Optionee’s country. The Optionee understands that he or she may request a list with the names and addresses of any entities or persons that receive the Data by contacting the Optionee’s local human resources representative. The Optionee understands that the entities or persons receive, possess, use, retain and transfer the Data, in electronic or other form, for the purposes of implementing, administering and managing his or her participation in the Plan, including transfers of such Data to a broker or other third party. The Optionee understands that the Data will be held only as long as is necessary to implement, administer and manage his or her participation in the Plan in accordance with applicable law. The Optionee understands that he or she may, at any time, request to access or be provided the Data, request additional information about the storage and processing of the Data, require any corrections or amendments to the Data in any case without cost and to the extent permitted by law, by contacting in writing his or her local human resources representative. The Optionee understands, however, that objecting to the processing of his or her Data may affect the Optionee’s ability to participate in the Plan.

11




IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan
Stock Option Schedule
Participant Name
Employee ID

In accordance with the Stock Option Agreement, of which this Stock Option Schedule is a part (which together, constitute the “Option Agreement”), the Company hereby grants to Participant Name (the “Optionee”) the following Option to purchase shares of Stock:

Grant Date:                Grant Date
Grant Type:                Grant Type
Shares Granted:             Shares
Grant Price:                Grant Price
Expiration Date:            Expiration Date
Vesting Schedule:            Vesting Schedule



ACCEPTANCE BY OPTIONEE
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Option Document to be issued as of the date set forth above.
Date: ______________________            ____________________________________
(Signature of Optionee)


12
EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, William L. Meaney, certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Iron Mountain Incorporated; 
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: April 25, 2019

 
 
/s/ WILLIAM L. MEANEY
 
 
William L. Meaney
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer



EXHIBIT 31.2 

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Stuart B. Brown, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Iron Mountain Incorporated;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
Date: April 25, 2019

 
 
/s/ STUART B. BROWN
 
 
Stuart B. Brown
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer


EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 
In connection with the filing of the quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 (the "Report") by Iron Mountain Incorporated (the "Company"), the undersigned, as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:
1.    the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.    the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: April 25, 2019

 
 
/s/ WILLIAM L. MEANEY
 
 
William L. Meaney
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 


EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the filing of the quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 (the "Report") by Iron Mountain Incorporated (the "Company"), the undersigned, as the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:
1.    the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.    the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: April 25, 2019
 
 
/s/ STUART B. BROWN
 
 
Stuart B. Brown
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer