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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2009

Registration No. 333-153632

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549



Amendment No. 3
to
Form S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933



Rosetta Stone Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware   7372   043837082
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
  (Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

1919 North Lynn Street
7th Floor
Arlington, Virginia 22209
Telephone: 800-788-0822
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)

Michael C. Wu
General Counsel
1919 North Lynn Street
7 th Floor
Arlington, Virginia 22209
Telephone: 800-788-0822
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)



Copies to:

Brian P. Fenske
Fulbright & Jaworski, L.L.P.
Fulbright Tower
1301 McKinney, Suite 5100
Houston, Texas 77010
Telephone: (713) 651-5557
Fax: (713) 651-5246
  Brent B. Siler
Cooley Godward Kronish LLP
One Freedom Square
11951 Freedom Drive
Reston, Virginia 20190-5656
Telephone: (703) 456-8000
Fax: (703) 456-8100



Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.



          If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.  o

          If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

          If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

          If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

          Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (check one):

Large accelerated filer  o , Accelerated filer  o , Non-accelerated filer (do not check if a smaller reporting company)  ý , or Smaller reporting company  o



           The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.


PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)
Issued February 23, 2009

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

          Shares

LOGO

Rosetta Stone Inc.

COMMON STOCK



Rosetta Stone Inc. is offering               shares of its common stock and the selling stockholders are offering               shares of common stock. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders. This is our initial public offering and no public market currently exists for our shares. We anticipate that the public offering price will be between $               and $               per share.



We have applied to have our common stock listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "RST."



Investing in our common stock involves risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 11.



PRICE $           A SHARE



 
 
Price to
Public
 
Underwriting
Discounts and
Commissions
 
Proceeds to
Company
 
Proceeds to
Selling
Stockholders

Per Share

  $                     $                     $                     $                  

Total

  $                     $                     $                     $                  

The selling stockholders have granted the underwriters the right to purchase up to an additional              shares of common stock to cover over-allotments.

The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities regulators have not approved or disapproved these securities, or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated expects to deliver the shares of common stock to purchasers on                         , 2009.



MORGAN STANLEY   WILLIAM BLAIR & COMPANY

JEFFERIES & COMPANY

PIPER JAFFRAY

 

ROBERT W. BAIRD & CO.

                           , 2009


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
  Page

Prospectus Summary

  1

Risk Factors

 
11

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

 
31

Use of Proceeds

 
32

Dividend Policy

 
32

Capitalization

 
33

Dilution

 
35

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

 
37

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 
40

Business

 
74

Management

 
89

Executive Compensation

 
95

Related Party Transactions

 
113

Principal and Selling Stockholders

 
115

Description of Capital Stock

 
117

Material U.S. Federal Income and Estate Tax Considerations to Non-U.S. Holders

 
121

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

 
124

Underwriters

 
126

Legal Matters

 
130

Experts

 
130

Where You Can Find Additional Information

 
130

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
F-1



        You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any free-writing prospectus we may specifically authorize to be delivered or made available to you. We have not, the selling stockholders have not and the underwriters have not authorized anyone to provide you with additional or different information. We and the selling stockholders are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information in this prospectus or a free-writing prospectus is accurate only as of its date, regardless of its time of delivery or of any sale of shares of our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

         Until                      , 2009 (25 days after the commencement of this offering), all dealers that buy, sell or trade shares of our common stock, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This delivery requirement is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

        For investors outside the United States: We have not, the selling stockholders have not and the underwriters have not done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the shares of common stock and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

         This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you should consider in making your investment decision. Before investing in our common stock, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the information set forth under the headings "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," in each case included elsewhere in this prospectus.

ROSETTA STONE INC.

Overview

        We are a leading provider of technology-based language learning solutions. We develop, market and sell language learning solutions consisting of software, online services and audio practice tools primarily under our Rosetta Stone brand. Our teaching method, which we call Dynamic Immersion , is designed to leverage the innate, natural language learning ability that children use to learn their native language. Our courses are based on our proprietary interactive technologies and pedagogical content, and utilize a sophisticated sequencing of images, text and sounds to teach a new language without translation or grammar explanation. We believe our award-winning solutions provide an effective, convenient and fun way to learn languages. We currently offer our self-study language learning solutions in 31 languages. Our customers include individuals, educational institutions, armed forces, government agencies and corporations.

        The strength and breadth of our solutions have allowed us to develop a business model that we believe distinguishes us from other language learning companies. Our scalable technology platform and our proprietary content can be deployed across many languages. This has enabled us to cost-effectively develop a broad product portfolio. We have a multi-channel marketing and distribution strategy that directly targets customers, utilizing print, online, television and radio advertising, public relations initiatives and our branded kiosks. Approximately 83% of our revenue in 2008 was generated through our direct sales channels, which include our call centers, websites, institutional sales force and kiosks. We also distribute our solutions through select retailers such as Amazon.com, Apple, Barnes & Noble and Borders. According to an August 2008 survey we commissioned from Global Market Insite Inc., or GMI, a market research services firm, Rosetta Stone is the most recognized language learning brand in the United States. The unaided awareness of our brand was over 40%, which was more than seven times that of any other language learning company in the United States.

        We grew our revenue from our predecessor's $25.4 million in 2004 to $209.4 million in 2008, representing a 69% compound annual growth rate. This growth has been entirely organic.

Approaches to Language Learning

        The human brain has a natural capacity to learn languages. Children learn their native language without using rote memorization or adult analytical abilities for grammatical understanding. They learn at their own pace through their immersion in the language spoken around them and using trial and error. They do not rely on translation.

        Traditional language instruction has ignored this natural human experience and ability, and has focused on rote memorization, grammar explanation and word translation, often in a classroom setting. Students in this environment may learn a new language sufficiently to pass examinations but often do not achieve conversational fluency. Many students view this method as ineffective and boring. While self-study alternatives are generally more affordable and convenient than classroom instruction, many of them rely on this grammar-translation method, often using passive media such as audio and books, which are not interactive and do not provide feedback.

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        In contrast, immersion instruction, in which only the target language is spoken, leverages the natural human ability to learn languages. Immersion learning has historically been provided through classroom courses, private lessons and in-country immersion programs. These options, however, are often expensive and require students to commute to classrooms or travel to other countries to obtain the immersion experience.

Our Industry

        According to a December 2007 industry analysis we commissioned from The Nielsen Company, a market research firm, the worldwide language learning industry represented more than $83 billion in consumer spending in 2007, of which more than $32 billion was for self-study. According to the Nielsen survey, the language learning industry in the United States, where we generated 95% of our revenue in 2008, represented more than $5 billion in consumer spending in 2007, of which more than $2 billion was for self-study.

        The demand for language learning is driven in part by:

        The language learning market is highly fragmented and consists of the following primary models: classroom instruction utilizing the traditional approach of memorization, grammar and translation; immersion-based classroom instruction; self-study books, audio tapes and software that rely on grammar and translation; and free online offerings that provide basic content and opportunities to practice writing and speaking.

        We believe that language learners seek a trusted name brand solution that is more convenient and affordable than classroom alternatives, and more effective, interactive and engaging than other self-study options. We believe the combination of these elements is not offered by traditional providers of language instruction.

The Rosetta Stone Solution

        Our mission is to change the way people learn languages. We believe our solutions provide an effective way to learn languages in a convenient and engaging manner. Our interactive language learning solutions enable our customers to learn a language on their own schedule and for a price that is significantly lower than most classroom-based or one-on-one tutoring alternatives. Our approach, called Dynamic Immersion , eliminates translation and grammar explanation and is designed to leverage the innate, natural language learning ability that children use to learn their native language. Our proprietary solutions have been developed over the past 16 years by professionals with extensive linguistic, educational and instructional technology expertise. We estimate that our content library consists of more than 25,000 individual photographic images and more than 400,000 professionally recorded sound files. We design the sequencing of our content to optimize learning. The result is a

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rigorous and complete language learning curriculum that is also designed to be flexible, fun and convenient.

        Our language learning solutions are built upon a flexible software platform that supports multiple languages and is deployable on personal computers, on local networks and online. The platform incorporates a number of proprietary technologies that are key to enabling language learning, including:

        Our courses are available in up to three levels of proficiency per language, with each level providing approximately 40 hours of instruction and containing multiple units, lessons and activities. We have four different editions: personal, enterprise, classroom and home school. Each edition utilizes the same core software.

        Our innovative solutions have received numerous awards and recognitions, including the 2008 CODiE awards for best corporate learning solution and best instructional solution in other curriculum areas sponsored by the Software & Information Industry Association, the 2008 education product of the year awarded by MacWorld, the 2008 BESSIE multilevel foreign language award for Spanish Levels 1, 2, and 3 awarded by ComputED Gazette in 2008, the 2008 EDDIE Award for our classroom edition as the best foreign language website awarded by ComputED Gazette , the 2007 EDDIE multilevel foreign language award for Chinese levels 1 and 2 and a 2007 multilevel English-as-a-second-language, or ESL, award for English levels 1, 2, and 3 awarded by ComputED Gazette. The CODiE awards are chosen based upon a peer-review of the nominated software solutions and voted on by member entities of the Software & Information Industry Association and independent judges selected by the association. The other awards were determined by the editorial staffs of the various publications.

        We also provide an online peer-to-peer practice environment called SharedTalk , at www.sharedtalk.com , where registered language learners meet for language exchange to practice their foreign language skills. During 2008, we had more than 100,000 active SharedTalk users.

Competitive Strengths

        We believe our competitive strengths include:

        Advanced Technology-Enabled Language Learning System.     Our proprietary solutions combine effective immersion learning with the benefits of flexibility and interactivity to provide for an efficient and engaging language learning experience. We intend to remain at the forefront of technological and pedagogical advances in language learning.

        Scalable and Adaptable Platform and Content.     Our solutions are designed to be efficiently delivered across multiple languages, systems and geographic markets. For example, we deploy many of the same images and image combinations across multiple languages, which accelerates our ability to add new languages. Because our solutions do not rely upon translation from the target language into the learner's native language, they require only modest localization to be used by learners from other native language backgrounds. This facilitates our ability to sell our existing language courses in new international markets. In addition, our software platform is engineered to work in the same way both

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online and locally installed, allowing for multiple delivery methods. We also use the same platform for all four editions of our solutions.

        Effective Multi-Channel Marketing and Distribution Model.     Our marketing, sales and distribution efforts are highly integrated and focused on direct interaction with consumers. As a result, we are able to present a tightly controlled and unified message to the marketplace. Our advertising includes a call to action that drives customers directly to our websites and call centers. Our marketing tools and techniques allow us to directly attribute sales results to specific marketing initiatives. We utilize this data to continuously improve the efficiency of our websites, call centers, advertising and media planning and buying. We also operate kiosks, which extend our direct interaction with customers and allow them to experience our solutions with the guidance of one of our product specialists. We operated 150 kiosks as of December 31, 2008. In our institutional markets, our sales efforts are led by our direct sales force. We augment our direct distribution network with select retailers, including Amazon.com, Apple, Barnes & Noble and Borders. We have also recently begun offering our products in a limited number of ZoomShop unmanned automated kiosks.

        Leading and Trusted Brand, with a Differentiated, High-Quality Positioning.     According to the GMI survey, Rosetta Stone is the most recognized brand of language learning solutions in the United States. Additionally, of those surveyed who had an opinion of the brand, over 80% associated the brand with high-quality and effective products and services for teaching foreign languages. We believe we have positioned Rosetta Stone as a premium brand and as a trusted choice for language learning.

        Enthusiastic and Loyal Customer Base.     Our customers exhibit loyalty and enthusiasm for our solutions and many promote sales of our products through word-of-mouth referrals. Our latest survey of our individual customers in the United States, completed in February 2009, revealed that 92% of respondents expressed satisfaction with our solutions, with a satisfaction rating of 6 or higher on a 10-point scale, and 76% have recommended our solutions to one or more individuals. Our latest survey of our institutional customers in the United States, completed in February 2009, revealed that 87% of respondents expressed satisfaction with our solutions, with a satisfaction rating of 6 or higher on a 10-point scale, and 70% have recommended our solutions to other organizations.

        Effective Products.     We believe our solutions are effective. According to a January 2009 study we commissioned from Roumen Vesselinov, Ph.D, visiting assistant professor, Queens College, City University of New York, after 55 hours of study the average WebCAPE score will be at a level sufficient to fulfill the requirements for one semester of study in a college that offers six semesters of Spanish. Statistically, the study concluded that such an outcome would occur with 95% confidence. WebCAPE, which stands for Wed-based Computer Adaptive Placement Exam, is a standardized test which, according to their website, is used by over 500 colleges and universities for placement. In addition, approximately 64% of the students participating in the study increased their oral proficiency by at least one level on a seven-level scale based on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages OPIc test, which is used worldwide by academic institutions, government agencies, and private corporations for evaluating oral language proficiency.

Our Strategy

        Our goal is to strengthen our position as a leading provider of language learning solutions through the following strategies:

        Extend Our Technological and Product Leadership.     We intend to apply new technologies to maintain our product leadership. We currently are working on a variety of product development initiatives. For example, we are developing a new web-based service that extends our existing language learning solutions by offering opportunities for practice with dedicated language conversation coaches and other language learners to increase language socialization. We expect to provide this web-based service primarily as a bundle with our software and audio offerings. In addition, we are evaluating

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opportunities to extend our learning solutions to hand-held devices and we also intend to continue to advance our proprietary software platform and our speech recognition technology.

        Expand Our Core Product Portfolio.     We plan to expand our product portfolio by adding more advanced course levels for our existing languages, new languages and new skill development and remediation courses for advanced language learners. In addition, we believe that there may be opportunities for us to introduce additional language learning solutions containing industry-specific content.

        Increase U.S. Market Share.     To increase our penetration of the U.S. market and expand our brand awareness, we intend to increase our marketing campaigns through the purchase of additional television, print, radio and online advertising, and to explore new media channels. We also intend to continue to add select retail relationships and kiosks. For example, a selection of our solutions has recently become available in Apple stores and at Apple.com . For our institutional business, we expect to expand our direct sales force along with our institutional marketing activities.

        Increase Our Focus on Sizeable Non-U.S. Markets.     We generated approximately 5% of our revenue in 2008 from sales outside the United States. According to the Nielsen survey, over 90% of the $83 billion spent in 2007 on consumer language learning products and services worldwide was spent outside the United States. We therefore believe that there is a significant opportunity for us to expand our business internationally utilizing many of the successful marketing and distribution strategies we have used in the United States.

Risks Associated with Our Business

        Our business is subject to numerous risks, as discussed more fully in the section entitled "Risk Factors" immediately following this prospectus summary. A decline in demand for our language learning solutions or language learning in general could impair our ability to generate revenue and compromise our profitability, as could the growth of free language learning software and online services and intense competition in our industry. Because approximately 80% of our revenue was generated from consumer sales in 2008, adverse trends in general economic conditions, including retail shopping patterns, may also adversely affect our sales. If we do not keep pace with technological developments and consumer preferences, demand for our products and services could decline.

Corporate Information

        We were incorporated in Delaware in December 2005 and acquired our predecessor, Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., in January 2006. Our principal executive offices are located at 1919 North Lynn Street, 7 th  Floor, Arlington, Virginia 22209 and our telephone number is 800-788-0822. Our corporate website address is www.RosettaStone.com . We do not incorporate the information contained on, or accessible through, our corporate website into this prospectus, and you should not consider it part of this prospectus.

        For convenience in this prospectus, "Rosetta Stone," "we," "us," "our" and "Successor" refer to Rosetta Stone Inc. and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, unless otherwise noted. Predecessor refers to Fairfield & Sons, Ltd.

        We have a number of registered marks, including Rosetta Stone ®, Rosetta World ®, Rosetta Stone Language Learning Success ® and design, Dynamic Immersion ®, The Fastest Way to Learn a Language. Guaranteed. ®, Adaptive Recall ®, Contextual Formation ®, the Rosetta Stone blue stone logo and design and Rosettastone.com ®. We have applied to register our Audio Companion , rWorld , Rosetta , the Rosetta Stone blue stone logo and design/ Language Learning Success and SharedTalk trademarks. This prospectus also contains trademarks and trade names of other companies. All trademarks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective holders.

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THE OFFERING

Common stock offered by Rosetta Stone

                   shares

Common stock offered by the selling stockholders

 

                 shares
 

Total common stock offered

 

                 shares

Total common stock to be outstanding after this offering

 

                 shares

Use of proceeds

 

We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to repay the outstanding balance under our credit facility, which was approximately $9.9 million as of January 16, 2009, and we intend to use the remaining net proceeds for working capital and other general corporate purposes, which may include the acquisition of other businesses, products or technologies. We do not, however, have agreements or commitments for any specific acquisitions at this time. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders. See "Use of Proceeds."

Risk factors

 

See "Risk Factors" for a discussion of factors that you should consider carefully before deciding whether to purchase shares of our common stock.

Proposed New York Stock Exchange symbol

 

"RST"

        The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on the number of shares outstanding as of December 31, 2008. Such number of shares excludes:

        Unless otherwise indicated, the information in this prospectus reflects and assumes:

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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

        The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated statement of operations, balance sheet and other data for the periods indicated. The summary consolidated statement of operations data for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 have been derived from Rosetta Stone Inc., or the Successor, audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary consolidated financial data for the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006 represents the operations of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., or the Predecessor, all of the outstanding stock of which was acquired by Rosetta Stone Inc. on January 4, 2006, and have been derived from Predecessor audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. You should read this information together with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this prospectus.

        The Predecessor incurred transaction-related expenses during the period from January 1, 2006 to January 4, 2006 relating to the acquisition by Rosetta Stone Inc. on January 4, 2006. Included in these expenses were $5.9 million related to restricted common stock, $3.1 million in cash bonuses and $1.2 million in acquisition-related bank fees.

        We have presented the summary balance sheet data as of December 31, 2008:

        Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $         per share, which is the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease each of cash and cash equivalents, total assets and total stockholders' equity on a pro forma as adjusted basis by approximately $       million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same. The pro forma as adjusted information presented in the summary balance sheet data is illustrative only and will change based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

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  Predecessor   Successor  
 
  Period from
January 1,
through
January 4,

  Period from
January 4,
through
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

 
 
  2006   2006   2007   2008  
 
  (in thousands, except per share data)
 

Statement of Operations Data:

                         

Revenue:

                         
 

Product

  $ 178   $ 80,604   $ 119,897   $ 184,182  
 

Subscription and service

    94     10,694     17,424     25,198  
                   
   

Total revenue

    272     91,298     137,321     209,380  

Cost of revenue:

                         
 

Cost of product revenue

    199     11,549     19,055     26,539  
 

Cost of subscription and service revenue

    4     992     1,632     2,137  
                   
   

Total cost of revenue

    203     12,541     20,687     28,676  
                   

Gross profit

    69     78,757     116,634     180,704  
                   

Operating expenses:

                         
 

Sales and marketing

    695     45,854     65,437     93,384  
 

Research and development

    41     8,117     12,893     18,387  
 

Acquired in-process research and development

        12,597          
 

General and administrative

    142     16,590     29,786     39,577  
 

Lease abandonment

                1,831  
 

Transaction-related expenses

    10,315              
                   
     

Total operating expenses

    11,193     83,158     108,116     153,179  
                   

Income (loss) from operations

    (11,124 )   (4,401 )   8,518     27,525  

Other income and expense:

                         
 

Interest income

        613     673     454  
 

Interest expense

        (1,560 )   (1,331 )   (891 )
 

Other income

    3     60     154     239  
                   
     

Total other income (expense)

    3     (887 )   (504 )   (198 )
                   

Income (loss) before income taxes

    (11,121 )   (5,288 )   8,014     27,327  

Income tax expense (benefit)

        (1,240 )   5,435     13,435  
                   

Net income (loss)

    (11,121 )   (4,048 )   2,579     13,892  

Preferred stock accretion

        (159 )   (80 )    
                   

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

  $ (11,121 ) $ (4,207 ) $ 2,499   $ 13,892  
                   

Income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:

                         
 

Basic

  $ (37,194 ) $ (3.42 ) $ 1.91   $ 9.48  
                   
 

Diluted

  $ (37,194 ) $ (3.42 ) $ 0.20   $ 1.07  
                   

Unaudited pro forma net income per common share:(1)

                         
 

Basic

                    $ 1.10  
                         
 

Diluted

                    $ 1.07  
                         

Unaudited pro forma common shares and equivalents outstanding:

                         
 

Basic weighted average shares

                      12,625  
                         
 

Diluted weighted average shares

                      13,018  
                         

Other Data:

                         

Adjusted EBITDA(2)

  $ (5,181 ) $ 15,332   $ 17,768   $ 36,429  
                   

Stock-based compensation expense included in:

                         

Cost of revenue

  $   $ 1   $ 2   $ 2  

Sales and marketing

        59     189     153  

Research and development

        128     360     482  

General and administrative

        373     776     953  

Transaction-related expenses

    5,930              
                   
 

Total stock-based compensation expense

  $ 5,930   $ 561   $ 1,327   $ 1,590  
                   

Intangible amortization expense included in:

                         

Cost of revenue

  $   $ 1,213   $ 1,227   $ 13  

Sales and marketing

        4,113     3,596     3,003  
                   
 

Total intangible amortization expense

  $   $ 5,326   $ 4,823   $ 3,016  
                   

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  As of December 31, 2008  
 
  Actual   Pro Forma   Pro Forma
As Adjusted
 
 
  (in thousands)
 

Balance Sheet Data:

                   

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 30,626   $     $    

Total assets

    138,818              

Deferred revenue

    15,744              

Long-term debt

    9,910              

Total stockholders' equity

    79,071              

(1)
Unaudited pro forma net income per common share reflects conversion of all outstanding shares of our convertible preferred stock into an aggregate of 11,159,780 shares of our common stock, which will occur automatically immediately prior to the closing of this offering.

(2)
We define adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus net interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense and acquired in-process research and development. Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. The table below provides a reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss), operating income (loss) or any other measure of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Our adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies because other companies may not calculate adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures in the same manner as we do. We prepare adjusted EBITDA to eliminate the impact of items that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance. We encourage you to evaluate these adjustments and the reasons we consider them appropriate.

        We believe adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors in evaluating our operating performance for the following reasons:

        Our management uses adjusted EBITDA:

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        Although adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by investors and securities analysts in their evaluations of companies, adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results of operations as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

        The following table presents a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), the most comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated:

 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
  Period from
January 1,
through
January 4,

  Period from
January 4,
through
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

 
 
  2006   2006   2007   2008  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss):

                         

Net income (loss)

  $ (11,121 ) $ (4,048 ) $ 2,579   $ 13,892  

Interest expense (income), net

        947     658     437  

Income tax expense (benefit)

        (1,240 )   5,435     13,435  

Depreciation and amortization

    10     6,515     7,769     7,075  

Stock-based compensation

    5,930     561     1,327     1,590  

Acquired in-process research and development

        12,597          
                   

Adjusted EBITDA

  $ (5,181 ) $ 15,332   $ 17,768   $ 36,429  
                   

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RISK FACTORS

         An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below before deciding to invest in shares of our common stock. Our business, prospects, financial condition or operating results could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment. In assessing the risks described below, you should also refer to the other information contained in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, before deciding to purchase any shares of our common stock.

Risks Related to Our Business

Because we generate all of our revenue from language learning solutions, a decline in demand for our language learning solutions or for language learning solutions in general could cause our revenue to decline.

        In the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, we generated substantially all of our revenue from our language learning solutions, and we expect that we will continue to depend upon language learning solutions for substantially all of our revenue in the foreseeable future. Because we are dependent on our language learning solutions, factors such as changes in consumer preferences for these products may have a disproportionately greater impact on us than if we offered multiple product categories. If consumer interest in our language learning software products declines, or if consumer interest in learning foreign languages in general declines, we would likely experience a significant loss of sales. Some of the potential developments that could negatively affect interest in and demand for language learning software products include:

Because a substantial portion of our revenue is generated from our consumer business, if we fail to accurately forecast consumer demand and trends in consumer preferences, our Rosetta Stone brand, sales and customer relationships may be harmed.

        Demand for our language learning software products and related services, and for consumer products and services in general, is subject to rapidly changing consumer demand and trends in consumer preferences. Therefore, our success depends upon our ability to:

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        A decline in consumer demand for our solutions, or any failure on our part to satisfy changing consumer preferences, could harm our business and profitability.

We depend on discretionary consumer spending in the consumer segment of our business. Continued adverse trends in general economic conditions, including retail shopping patterns, airport traffic or consumer confidence, may compromise our ability to generate revenue.

        The success of our business depends to a significant extent upon discretionary consumer spending, which is subject to a number of factors, including general economic conditions, consumer confidence, employment levels, business conditions, interest rates, availability of credit, inflation and taxation. The United States has entered into an economic downturn. Continued weak economic conditions and further adverse trends in any of these economic indicators may cause consumer spending to decline further, which could hurt our sales and profitability. We depend on the continued popularity of malls as shopping destinations and the ability of mall anchor tenants and other attractions to generate customer traffic for our retail mall-based kiosks. We also depend on continued airline travel to generate traffic for our retail kiosks located in airports. Any decrease in mall or airport traffic could adversely affect the sales from our kiosks and our profitability and financial condition. In addition, an increase in the taxation of online sales could result in reduced online purchases or reduced margins on such sales. Furthermore, consumers may defer purchases of our solutions in anticipation of new products or new versions from us or our competitors.

Intense competition in our industry may hinder our ability to generate revenue and may hurt our margins.

        The market for foreign language learning solutions is rapidly evolving, highly fragmented and intensely competitive, and we expect both product and pricing competition to persist and intensify. Increased competition could cause reduced revenue, price reductions, reduced gross margins and loss of market share. Our competitors include Berlitz International Inc., Simon & Schuster, Inc. (Pimsleur), a subsidiary of CBS Corporation, Random House Ventures LLC (Living Language), Disney Publishing Worldwide, a subsidiary of Walt Disney Company, and McGraw-Hill Education, a subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies. Many of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories and substantially greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources than we do, as well as greater name recognition worldwide. The resources of these competitors also may enable them to respond more rapidly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, reduce prices to win new customers and offer free language learning software or online services. We may not be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors.

        As the market for foreign language solutions continues to develop, a number of other companies with greater resources than ours could attempt to enter the market or increase their presence by acquiring or forming strategic alliances with our competitors or our distributors or by introducing their own competing products. These companies and their products may be superior to any of our current competition. We may not have the financial resources, technical expertise, marketing, distribution or support capabilities to compete effectively with any of these new entrants to the market.

        As we expand into foreign markets, we expect that we will experience competition from local foreign language learning companies that have strong brand recognition and more experience in selling to local consumers and a better understanding of local marketing, sales channels and consumer preferences.

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        Our success will depend on our ability to adapt to these competitive forces, to adapt to technological advances, to develop more advanced products more rapidly and less expensively than our competitors, to continue to develop an international sales network, to adapt to changing consumer preferences and to educate potential customers about the benefits of using our solutions rather than our competitors' products and services. Existing or new competitors could introduce new products and services with superior features and functionality at lower prices. This could impair our ability to sell our products and services.

Demand for paid language learning solutions such as ours could decline if effective language learning solutions become available for free.

        Presently there are a number of free online language websites offering limited vocabulary lists and grammar explanations and tips. In addition, there are some online services offering limited free lessons and learning tools, including one sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education to help immigrants learn English. Many of these websites offer free language practice opportunities with other language learners. If these free products become more sophisticated and competitive or gain widespread acceptance by the public, demand for our solutions could decline.

Our future growth and profitability will depend in large part upon the effectiveness and efficiency of our marketing expenditures.

        Our future growth and profitability will depend in large part upon the effectiveness and efficiency of our marketing expenditures, including our ability to:

        Our planned marketing expenditures may not result in increased revenue or generate sufficient levels of product and brand name awareness, and we may not be able to increase our net sales at the same rate as we increase our advertising expenditures.

        Much of our radio, television and print advertising has been through the purchase of "remnant" advertising segments. These segments are random time slots and publication dates that have remained unsold and are offered at discounts to advertisers who are willing to be flexible with respect to time slots. There is a limited supply of this type of advertising and the availability of such advertising may decline or the cost of such advertising may increase. In addition, if we increase our marketing budget we cannot assure you that we can increase the amount of remnant advertising at the discounted prices we have obtained in the past. If any of these events occur, we may be forced to purchase time slots and publication dates at higher prices, which will increase our costs.

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Our business depends on our Rosetta Stone brand, and if we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, our business and operating results may be harmed.

        We believe that market awareness of our Rosetta Stone brand in the United States has contributed significantly to the success of our business. We also believe that maintaining and enhancing the Rosetta Stone brand is critical to maintaining our competitive advantage. As we continue to grow in size, expand our products and services and extend our geographic reach, maintaining the quality and consistency of our language learning solutions, and thus the quality of our brand, may be more difficult. In addition, software piracy and trademark infringement may harm our Rosetta Stone brand by undermining our reputation for quality software programs.

We depend on search engines and other online sources to attract visitors to our websites, and if we are unable to attract these visitors and convert them into customers in a cost-effective manner, our business and financial results may be harmed.

        Our success depends on our ability to attract online consumers to our websites and convert them into customers in a cost-effective manner. We depend, in part, on search engines and other online sources for our website traffic. We are included in search results as a result of both paid search listings, where we purchase specific search terms that will result in the inclusion of our listing, and algorithmic searches that depend upon the searchable content on our sites. Search engines and other online sources revise their algorithms from time to time in an attempt to optimize their search results.

        If one or more of the search engines or other online sources on which we rely for website traffic were to modify its general methodology for how it displays our websites, resulting in fewer consumers clicking through to our websites, our sales could suffer. If any free search engine on which we rely begins charging fees for listing or placement, or if one or more of the search engines or other online sources on which we rely for purchased listings, modifies or terminates its relationship with us, our expenses could rise, we could lose customers and traffic to our websites could decrease.

Our expansion into international markets may not succeed and imposes special risks.

        International sales accounted for approximately 5% of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Our business strategy contemplates continued expansion into international markets. We are currently expanding our direct sales channels in Europe and Asia through our offices in London and Tokyo. In addition, we are expanding our indirect sales channels in Europe, Asia and Latin America through retailer and distributor arrangements with third parties. If we are unable to expand our international operations successfully and in a timely manner, our ability to pursue our growth strategy will be impaired. Such expansion may be more difficult or take longer than we anticipate, and we may not be able to successfully market, sell, deliver and support our products and services internationally.

        Our international operations and our efforts to increase sales in international markets are subject to a number of risks that are in addition to or different than those affecting our U.S. operations, including:

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        The effects of any of the risks described above could reduce our future revenue from our international operations and could harm our overall business, revenue and financial results.

Our expansion into new web-based services may not succeed and may harm our business, financial results and reputation.

        We are developing new web-based services that extend our existing language learning solutions with opportunities for practice including with dedicated language conversation coaches and other language learners to increase language socialization. We expect to provide these web-based services primarily as a bundle with our software and audio offerings. At the same time, we expect to provide augmented, free peer-to-peer language practice, building on our existing success with www.sharedtalk.com. We will devote capital, personnel and management attention to developing these new services. These services will present new management and marketing challenges that differ from the challenges we face in our existing business. We cannot assure you that these services will be successful or that they will be profitable, or if they are profitable, that they will provide an adequate return on capital expended. If we are not successful in developing these new services, our business, financial results and reputation may be harmed.

Product returns could exceed our estimates, which would diminish our reported revenue.

        We offer consumers who purchase our packaged software and audio practice products directly from us an unconditional full money-back six-month guarantee. We also permit some of our retailers and distributors to return packaged products, subject to limitations. For the year ended December 31,

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2008, sales returns were approximately 6.1% of total revenue. We establish revenue reserves for packaged product returns based on historical experience, estimated channel inventory levels and the timing of new product introductions and other factors. If packaged product returns exceed our reserve estimates, the excess would offset reported revenue, which could hurt our reported financial results.

If the recognition by schools and other institutions of the value of technology-based education does not continue to grow, our ability to generate revenue from institutions could be impaired.

        Our success depends in part upon the continued adoption by institutions and potential customers of technology-based education initiatives. Some academics and educators oppose online education in principle and have expressed concerns regarding the perceived loss of control over the education process that can result from offering courses online. If the acceptance of technology-based education does not grow our ability to continue to grow our institutional business could be impaired.

If there are changes in the spending policies or budget priorities for government funding of colleges, universities, schools, other education providers, armed forces or government agencies, we could lose revenue.

        Many of our institutional customers are colleges, universities, primary and secondary schools, other education providers, armed forces and government agencies who depend substantially on government funding. Accordingly, any general decrease, delay or change in federal, state or local funding for colleges, universities, primary and secondary schools, or other education providers or for armed forces or government agencies that use our products and services could cause our current and potential customers to reduce their purchases of our products and services, to exercise their right to terminate licenses, or to decide not to renew licenses, any of which could cause us to lose revenue. In addition, a specific reduction in governmental funding support for products such as ours would also cause us to lose revenue and could hurt our overall gross margins.

Some of our institutional business faces a lengthy and unpredictable sales cycle for our solutions, which could delay new sales.

        We face a lengthy sales cycle between our initial contact with some potential institutional customers and the signing of license agreements with these customers. As a result of this lengthy sales cycle, we have only a limited ability to forecast the timing of such institutional sales. A delay in or failure to complete license transactions could cause us to lose revenue, and could cause our financial results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter. Our sales cycle varies widely, reflecting differences in our potential institutional customers' decision-making processes, procurement requirements and budget cycles, and is subject to significant risks over which we have little or no control, including:

If we are unable to continually enhance our products and services and adapt them to technological changes and customer needs, including the emergence of new computing devices and more sophisticated online services, we may lose market share and revenue and our business could suffer.

        We need to anticipate, develop and introduce new products, services and applications on a timely and cost-effective basis that keeps pace with technological developments and changing customer needs. For example, the number of individuals who access the internet through devices other than a personal computer, such as personal digital assistants, mobile telephones, televisions and set-top box devices, has

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increased dramatically, and this trend is likely to continue. Our products and services were designed for rich, graphical environments such as those available on desktop and laptop computers. The lower resolution, functionality and memory associated with alternative devices currently available may make the use of our products and services through such devices difficult. Because each manufacturer or distributor may establish unique technical standards for its devices, our products and services may not work or be viewable on these devices. We have no experience to date in operating versions of our products and services developed or optimized for users of alternative devices, and new devices and new platforms are continually being released. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict the problems we may encounter in developing versions of our products and services for use on these alternative devices, and we may need to devote significant resources to the creation, support and maintenance of such versions. If we fail to develop or sell products and services that respond to these or other technological developments and changing customer needs cost effectively, we may lose market share and revenue and our business could suffer.

If we fail to manage our growth effectively, we may experience difficulty in filling purchase orders, declines in product and service quality and customer satisfaction, increased costs or disruption in our operations.

        We have experienced rapid growth in our business in recent periods, which has strained our managerial, operational, financial and other resources. Our total revenue increased from $91.3 million for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 to $209.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. From December 31, 2006 to December 31, 2008, we increased the number of our employees from 662 to 1,217, and increased the number of kiosks selling our products from 81 to 150.

        We anticipate that continued growth of our operations will be required to satisfy increasing consumer and institutional demand and to avail ourselves of new market opportunities. The expanding scope of our business and growth in the number of our employees, customers and sales locations will continue to place a significant strain on our management team, information technology systems and other resources. To properly manage our growth, we need to hire and retain personnel, upgrade our existing operational, management and financial and reporting systems, including warehouse management and inventory control, improve our business processes and controls and identify and develop relationships with additional retailers and distributors. We may also be required to expand our distribution facilities and our operational facilities or add new facilities, which could require significant capital expenditures. Failure to effectively manage our growth in a cost-effective manner could result in difficulty in filling purchase orders, declines in product and service quality and customer satisfaction, increased costs or disruption of our operations.

        Our rapid growth also makes it difficult for us to adequately predict the expenditures we will need to make in the future. If we do not make the necessary overhead expenditures to accommodate our future growth, we may not be successful in executing our growth strategy.

Our revenue is subject to seasonal and quarterly variations, which could cause our financial results to fluctuate significantly.

        We have experienced, and we believe we will continue to experience, substantial seasonal and quarterly variations in our revenue and net income. These variations are primarily related to increased sales of our products and services to consumers in the fourth quarter during the holiday selling season as well as higher sales to governmental and educational institutions in the second and third quarters. We sell to a significant number of our retailers, distributors and institutional customers on a purchase order basis and we receive orders when these customers need products and services. As a result, their orders are typically not evenly distributed throughout the year. Our quarterly results of operations also may fluctuate significantly as a result of a variety of other factors, including the timing of holidays and advertising initiatives, changes in our products, services and advertising initiatives and changes in those

17



of our competitors. Budgetary constraints of our institutional customers may also cause our quarterly results to fluctuate.

        As a result of these seasonal and quarterly fluctuations, we believe that comparisons of our results of operations between different quarters are not necessarily meaningful and that these comparisons are not reliable as indicators of our future performance. In addition, these fluctuations could result in volatility and adversely affect our cash flows. As our business grows, these seasonal fluctuations may become more pronounced. Any seasonal or quarterly fluctuations that we report in the future may differ from the expectations of market analysts and investors. This could cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate significantly.

Because a significant portion of our sales are made to or through retailers and distributors, none of which have any obligation to sell our products, the failure or inability of these parties to sell our products effectively could hurt our revenue growth and profitability.

        We rely on retailers and distributors, together with our direct sales force, to sell our products. Our sales to retailers are highly concentrated on a small group, including Amazon.com, Apple, Barnes & Noble and Borders. We expect that our arrangements with these retailers and distributors will continue to generate significant revenue for us. Sales to or through our retailers and distributors accounted for approximately 11% of our revenue for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006, 15% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007, and 17% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008.

        We have no control over the amount of products that these retailers purchase from us or sell on our behalf, we do not have long-term contracts with any of them, and they have no obligation to offer or sell our products or to give us any particular shelf space or product placement within their stores. Thus, there is no guarantee that this source of revenue will continue at the same level as it has in the past or that these retailers will not promote competitors' products over our products or enter into exclusive relationships with competitors. Any material adverse change in the principal commercial terms, material decrease in the volume of sales generated by our larger retailers or distributors or major disruption or termination of a relationship with these retailers and distributors could result in a potentially significant decline in our revenue and profitability. Furthermore, product display locations and promotional activities that retailers undertake can affect the sales of our products. The fact that we also sell our products directly could cause retailers or distributors to reduce their efforts to promote our products or stop selling our products altogether. In addition, if one or more of such retailers or distributors were unable to meet their obligations with respect to accounts payable to us, we could be forced to write off such accounts.

Substantially all of our inventory is located in one warehouse facility. Any damage or disruption at this facility could cause significant financial loss, cause us to lose revenue and harm our reputation.

        Substantially all of our inventory is located in one warehouse facility. We could experience significant interruption in the operation of this facility or damage or destruction of our inventory due to natural disasters, accidents, failures of the inventory locator or automated packing and shipping systems or other events. If a material portion of our inventory were to be damaged or destroyed, we might be unable to meet our contractual obligations which could cause us significant financial loss, cause us to lose revenue and harm our reputation.

The loss of key personnel or the failure to attract and retain highly qualified personnel could compromise our ability to effectively manage our business and pursue our growth strategy.

        Our future performance depends on the continued service of our key technical, development, sales, services and management personnel. We rely on our executive officers and senior management to

18



execute our existing business plans and to identify and pursue new opportunities. We rely on our technical and development personnel for product innovation. We generally do not have employment agreements with our personnel and, therefore, they could terminate their employment with us at any time. The loss of key employees could result in significant disruptions to our business, and the integration of replacement personnel could be costly and time consuming, could cause additional disruptions to our business, and could be unsuccessful. We do not carry key person life insurance covering any of our employees.

        Our future success also depends on our continued ability to attract and retain highly qualified technical, development, sales, services and management personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we may fail to retain our key employees or attract or retain other highly qualified personnel in the future. Many of our employees are located in Harrisonburg, Virginia, a city that does not have a large pool of qualified replacement personnel. The lack of qualified local replacement personnel may make it more difficult to quickly find replacement personnel and may increase the costs of identifying and relocating replacement personnel to Harrisonburg.

        In addition, wage inflation and the cost of retaining our key personnel in the face of competition for such personnel may increase our costs faster than we can offset these costs with increased prices or increased sales volume.

If we are unable to hire, train, motivate and retain sales personnel to staff our kiosks, or to identify suitable locations and negotiate site licenses on acceptable terms, we could lose revenue, our costs could increase and profitability could decline.

        As of December 31, 2006, we had 81 kiosks selling our products directly to consumers. As of December 31, 2008, we had increased the number of kiosks selling our products to 150. In order to successfully grow this sales channel we must be able to hire, train, motivate and retain sales personnel to staff these kiosks. These kiosks are small and widely dispersed, and, as such, are operated without substantial hands-on management or oversight by us. As a result, we depend on our kiosk sales personnel to effectively manage sales, customer issues and reporting of financial transactions from these kiosks. The opening and success of new kiosks will depend upon various additional factors, including our ability to identify suitable locations and our ability to negotiate site licenses on acceptable terms and labor costs. Specifically, we must identify and negotiate cost-effective site licenses for kiosk locations that will generate sufficient consumer demand. Many of these site licenses contain terms and conditions that are highly favorable to licensors including allowing licensors to cancel them on short notice, sometimes as little as thirty days, and broad indemnification terms in favor of licensors. If competition for kiosk space increases, license rates may increase and other terms may become even less favorable to us, resulting in lower profitability. Our failure to properly manage the expansion of this sales channel could cause us to lose revenue and increase our expenses.

Failure to maintain the availability of the systems, networks, databases and software required to operate and deliver our internet-based products and services could damage our reputation and cause us to lose revenue.

        We rely on internal systems and external systems, networks and databases maintained by us and third-party providers to process customer orders; handle customer service requests; and host and deliver our internet-based language learning solutions and our SharedTalk online peer-to-peer collaborative and interactive community. Any damage, interruption or failure of our systems, networks and databases could prevent us from processing customer orders and result in degradation or interruptions in delivery of our products and services. Notwithstanding our efforts to protect against interruptions in the availability of our e-commerce websites and internet-based products and services, we do occasionally experience unplanned outages or technical difficulties. In addition, we do not have complete redundancy for all of our systems. We do not maintain real-time back-up of all of our data, and in the event of system disruptions, we could experience loss of data which could cause us to lose

19



customers and could harm our reputation and cause us to face unexpected liabilities and expenses. If we continue to expand our business, we will put additional strains on these systems. We may also need to grow, reconfigure or relocate our data centers in response to changing business needs, which may be costly and lead to unplanned disruptions of service.

Our possession and use of personal information presents risks and expenses that could harm our business. Unauthorized disclosure or manipulation of such data, whether through breach of our network security or otherwise, could expose us to costly litigation and damage our reputation.

        Maintaining our network security is of critical importance because our online e-commerce systems and our online administration tools for our institutional business store proprietary and confidential customer, employee and other sensitive data, such as names, addresses, other personal information and credit card numbers. We and our vendors use commercially available encryption technology to transmit personal information when taking orders. We use security and business controls to limit access and use of personal information. However, third parties may be able to circumvent these security and business measures by developing and deploying viruses, worms and other malicious software programs that are designed to attack or attempt to infiltrate our systems and networks. In addition, employee error, malfeasance or other errors in the storage, use or transmission of personal information could result in a breach of customer or employee privacy. We employ contractors, temporary and part-time employees who may have access to the personal information of customers and employees. It is possible such individuals could circumvent our controls, which could result in a breach of customer or employee privacy.

        Possession and use of personal information in conducting our business subjects us to legislative and regulatory burdens that could require notification of data breach, restrict our use of personal information and hinder our ability to acquire new customers or market to existing customers. We have incurred, and will continue to incur, expenses to comply with privacy and security standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards or contractual obligations.

        If third parties improperly obtain and use the personal information of our customers or employees, we may be required to expend significant resources to resolve these problems. A major breach of our network security and systems could have serious negative consequences for our businesses, including possible fines, penalties and damages, reduced customer demand for our products and services, harm to our reputation and brand and loss of our ability to accept and process customer credit card orders.

We are exposed to risks associated with credit card and payment fraud and with credit card processing, which could cause us to lose revenue.

        Many of our customers use credit cards or automated payment systems to pay for our products and services. We have suffered losses, and may continue to suffer losses, as a result of orders placed with fraudulent credit cards or other fraudulent payment data. For example, under current credit card practices, we may be liable for fraudulent credit card transactions if we do not obtain a cardholder's signature, a frequent practice in internet sales. We employ technology solutions to help us detect fraudulent transactions. However, the failure to detect or control payment fraud could cause us to lose sales and revenue.

Any significant interruptions in the operations of our call center or third-party call centers could cause us to lose sales and disrupt our ability to process orders and deliver our solutions in a timely manner.

        We rely on both an in-house call center and third-party call centers to sell our solutions, respond to customer service and technical support requests and process orders. Any significant interruption in the operation of these facilities, including an interruption caused by our failure to successfully expand or upgrade our systems or to manage these expansions or upgrades, could reduce our ability to receive

20



and process orders and provide products and services, which could result in lost and cancelled sales and damage to our brand and reputation.

        As we grow, we will need more capacity from those existing call centers or we will need to identify and contract with new call centers. We may not be able to continue to locate and contract for call center capacity on favorable terms, or at all. Additionally, the rates those call centers charge us may increase or those call centers may not continue to provide service at the current levels.

        We structure our marketing and advertising to drive potential customers to our call centers and websites to purchase our solutions. If our call center operators do not convert inquiries into sales at expected rates, our ability to generate revenue could be impaired. Training and retaining qualified call center operators is challenging due to the expansion of our product and service offerings and the seasonality of our business. If we do not adequately train our call center operators, they will not convert inquiries into sales at an acceptable rate.

        Our call center employs a large number of personnel and historically has been subject to a high turnover rate among employees. We may have to terminate employees from time to time as our business changes and labor demands shift among our facilities. Any significant increase in labor costs, deterioration of employee relations, slowdowns or work stoppages at any of our locations, employee turnover or otherwise, could harm our business and profitability. In addition, high employee turnover could increase our exposure to employee-related litigation. Likewise, the third-party call centers we utilize face similar issues.

If any of our products contain defects or errors or if new product releases or services are delayed, our reputation could be harmed, resulting in significant costs to us and impairing our ability to sell our solutions.

        If our products contain defects, errors or security vulnerabilities, our reputation could be harmed, which could result in significant costs to us and impair our ability to sell our products in the future. In the past, we have encountered product development delays due to errors or defects. We would expect that, despite our testing, errors will be found in new products and product enhancements in the future. Significant errors in our products or services could lead to, among other things:

        In addition, we could face claims for product liability, tort or breach of warranty. Our contracts with customers contain provisions relating to warranty disclaimers and liability limitations, which may not be upheld. Defending a lawsuit, regardless of its merit, is costly and may divert management's attention and adversely affect the market's perception of us and our products and services. In addition, if our business liability insurance coverage proves inadequate or future coverage is unavailable on acceptable terms, or at all, we could face significant financial losses.

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Our sales to U.S. government agencies and armed forces subject us to special risks that could adversely affect our business.

        In 2008, we derived approximately 4% of our revenue from sales to U.S. government agencies and armed forces. Government sales entail a variety of risks including:

If we fail to effectively upgrade our information technology systems, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.

        As part of our efforts to continue improving our internal control over financial reporting, we plan to continue to upgrade our existing financial information technology systems in order to automate several controls that are currently performed manually. We may experience difficulties in transitioning to these upgraded systems, including loss of data and decreases in productivity, as personnel become familiar with new systems. In addition, our management information systems will require modification and refinement as we grow and as our business needs change, which could prolong difficulties we experience with systems transitions, and we may not always employ the most effective systems for our purposes. If we experience difficulties in implementing new or upgraded information systems or experience significant system failures, or if we are unable to successfully modify our management information systems or respond to changes in our business needs, we may not be able to effectively manage our business and we may fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, as a result of the automation of these manual processes, the data produced may cause us to question the accuracy of previously reported financial results.

Our software products must interoperate with computer operating systems of our institutional customers. If we are unable to ensure that our products interoperate properly with institutional customer systems, our business could be harmed.

        Our products must interoperate with our institutional customers' computer systems, including student learning management systems. As a result, we must continually ensure that our products interoperate properly with these systems. Changes in operating systems, the technologies we incorporate into our products or the computer systems our institutional customers use may damage our business.

As our product and service offerings become more complex our reported revenue may become less predictable.

        Our planned expansion of products and services will generate more varied sources of revenue than our existing business. The accounting policies that apply to these sources of revenue may be more

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complex than those that apply to our traditional products and services. In addition, we may change the manner in which we sell our software licenses, and such change could cause delays in revenue recognition in accordance with accounting standards. Under these accounting standards, even if we deliver products and services to, and collect cash from, a customer in a given fiscal period, we may be required to defer recognizing revenue from the sale of such product or service until a future period when all the conditions necessary for revenue recognition have been satisfied. Conditions that can cause delays in revenue recognition include software arrangements that have undelivered elements for which we have not yet established vendor specific objective evidence of fair value, requirements that we deliver services for significant enhancements or modifications to customize our software for a particular customer or material customer acceptance criteria.

Many of our expenses are fixed and many are based, in significant part, on our expectations of our future revenue and incurred prior to the sale of our products and services. Therefore, any significant decline in revenue for any period could have an immediate impact on our margins, net income and financial results for the period.

        Our expense levels are based, in significant part, on our estimates of future revenue and many of these expenses are fixed in the short term. As a result, we may be unable to adjust our spending in a timely manner if our revenue falls short of our expectations. Accordingly, any significant shortfall of revenue in relation to our estimates could have an immediate effect on our profitability. In addition, as our business grows, we anticipate increasing our operating expenses to expand our product development, technical support, sales and marketing and administrative organizations. Any such expansion could cause material losses to the extent we do not generate additional revenue sufficient to cover the additional expenses.

We may need to raise additional funds to pursue our growth strategy or continue our operations, and we may be unable to raise capital when needed.

        From time to time, in addition to this offering, we may seek additional equity or debt financing to provide for the capital expenditures required to finance working capital requirements, continue our expansion, develop new products and services or to make acquisitions or other investments. In addition, if our business plans change, if general economic, financial or political conditions in our markets change, or if other circumstances arise that have a material effect on our cash flow, the anticipated cash needs of our business as well as our conclusions as to the adequacy of our available sources of capital could change significantly. Any of these events or circumstances could result in significant additional funding needs, requiring us to raise additional capital. We cannot predict the timing or amount of any such capital requirements at this time. If financing is not available on satisfactory terms, or at all, we may be unable to expand our business or to develop new business at the rate desired and our results of operations may suffer.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property Rights

Protection of our intellectual property is limited, and any misuse of our intellectual property by others, including software piracy, could harm our business, reputation and competitive position.

        Our intellectual property is important to our success. We believe our trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, pending patents, trade dress and designs are valuable and integral to our success and competitive position. To protect our proprietary rights, we rely on a combination of copyrights, trademarks, trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures, contractual provisions and technical measures.

        We have several patent applications on file. However, we do not know whether any of our pending patent applications will result in the issuance of patents or whether the examination process will require us to narrow our claims. Even if patents are issued from our patent applications, which is not certain,

23



they may be contested, circumvented or invalidated in the future. Moreover, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages, and, as with any technology, competitors may be able to develop similar or superior technologies to our own now or in the future. In addition, we have not emphasized patents as a source of significant competitive advantage and have instead sought to primarily protect our proprietary rights under laws affording protection for trade secrets, copyright and trademark protection of our products, brands, trademarks and other intellectual property where available and appropriate. However, all of these measures afford only limited protection and may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented by third parties. In addition, these protections may not be adequate to prevent our competitors or customers from copying or reverse-engineering our products. Third parties could copy all or portions of our products or otherwise obtain, use, distribute and sell our proprietary information without authorization. Third parties may also develop similar or superior technology independently by designing around our intellectual property, which would decrease demand for our products. In addition, our patents may not provide us with any competitive advantages and the patents of others may seriously impede our ability to conduct our business.

        We protect our products, trade secrets and proprietary information, in part, by requiring all of our employees to enter into agreements providing for the maintenance of confidentiality and the assignment of rights to inventions made by them while employed by us. We also enter into non-disclosure agreements with our technical consultants, customers, vendors and resellers to protect our confidential and proprietary information. We cannot assure you that our confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and other third parties will not be breached, that we will be able to effectively enforce these agreements, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our trade secrets and other proprietary information will not be disclosed or will otherwise be protected.

        We rely on contractual and license agreements with third parties in connection with their use of our products and technology. There is no guarantee that such parties will abide by the terms of such agreements or that we will be able to adequately enforce our rights, in part because we rely, in many instances, on "click-wrap" and "shrink-wrap" licenses, which are not negotiated or signed by individual licensees. Accordingly, some provisions of our licenses, including provisions protecting against unauthorized use, copying, transfer, resale and disclosure of the licensed software program, may be unenforceable under the laws of several jurisdictions.

        Protection of trade secret and other intellectual property rights in the markets in which we operate and compete is highly uncertain and may involve complex legal questions. The laws of countries in which we operate may afford little or no protection to our trade secrets and other intellectual property rights. Although we defend our intellectual property rights and combat unlicensed copying and use of software and intellectual property rights through a variety of techniques, preventing unauthorized use or infringement of our intellectual property rights is inherently difficult. Despite our enforcement efforts against software piracy, we lose significant revenue due to illegal use of our software. If piracy activities increase, it may further harm our business.

        We also expect that the more successful we are, the more likely that competitors will try to illegally use our proprietary information and develop products that are similar to ours, which may infringe on our proprietary rights. In addition, we could potentially lose future trade secret protection for our source code if any unauthorized disclosure of such code occurs. The loss of future trade secret protection could make it easier for third parties to compete with our products by copying functionality. In addition, any changes in, or unexpected interpretations of, the trade secret and other intellectual property laws in any country in which we operate may compromise our ability to enforce our trade secret and intellectual property rights. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our confidential information and trade secret protection. If we are unable to protect our proprietary rights or if third parties independently develop or gain access to our or similar technologies, our business, revenue, reputation and competitive position could be harmed.

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Third-party use of our trademarks as keywords in internet search engine advertising programs may direct potential customers to competitors' websites, which could harm our reputation and cause us to lose sales.

        Competitors and other third parties purchase our trademarks and confusingly similar terms as keywords in internet search engine advertising programs and in the header and text of the resulting sponsored link advertisements in order to divert potential customers to their websites. Preventing such unauthorized use is inherently difficult. In addition, the judicial precedent on whether such activity constitutes infringement varies significantly within the United States and in other countries. If we are unable to protect our trademarks and confusingly similar terms from such unauthorized use, competitors and other third parties will continue to drive potential online customers away from our websites to competing websites, which could harm our reputation and cause us to lose sales.

Our trademarks are limited in scope and geographic coverage and may not significantly distinguish us from the competition.

        We own several federal trademark registrations, including the Rosetta Stone mark, hold common law trademark rights and have federal trademark applications pending in the United States and abroad for additional trademarks. Even if federal registrations are granted to us, our trademark rights may be challenged. It is also possible that our competitors will adopt trademarks similar to ours, thus impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to customer confusion. In fact, various third parties have registered trademarks that are similar to ours in the United States and overseas. We could incur substantial costs in prosecuting or defending trademark infringement suits. If we fail to effectively enforce our trademark rights, our competitive position and brand recognition may be diminished.

        We have registered Rosetta Stone as a trademark for language learning in several countries. However, we have been precluded from registering this trademark in some Asian countries because third parties have previously registered the trademark or have registered similar trademarks. As a result, we have been marketing our products and services under our Rosetta World brand in some Asian countries, thus compromising our ability to build a cohesive worldwide brand identity and possibly leading to customer confusion.

We have not registered copyrights for all our products, which may limit our ability to enforce them.

        We have not registered our copyrights in all of our software, written materials, website information, designs or other copyrightable works. The United States Copyright Act automatically protects all of our copyrightable works, but without a registration we cannot enforce those copyrights against infringers or seek certain statutory remedies for any such infringement. Preventing others from copying our products, written materials and other copyrightable works is important to our overall success in the marketplace. In the event we decide to enforce any of our copyrights against infringers, we will first be required to register the relevant copyrights, and we cannot be sure that all of the material for which we seek copyright registration would be registerable in whole or in part, or that once registered, we would be successful in bringing a copyright claim against any such infringers.

We must monitor and protect our internet domain names to preserve their value. We may be unable to prevent third parties from acquiring domain names that are similar to, infringe on or otherwise decrease the value of our trademarks.

        We own several domain names that include the terms Rosetta Stone and Rosetta World. Third parties may acquire substantially similar domain names that decrease the value of our domain names and trademarks and other proprietary rights which may hurt our business. Moreover, the regulation of domain names in the United States and foreign countries is subject to change. Governing bodies could appoint additional domain name registrars or modify the requirements for holding domain names. Governing bodies could also establish additional "top-level" domains, which are the portion of the Web

25



address that appears to the right of the "dot," such as "com," "gov" or "org." As a result, we may not maintain exclusive rights to all potentially relevant domain names in the United States or in other countries in which we conduct business, which could harm our business or reputation.

Claims that we misuse the intellectual property of others could subject us to significant liability and disrupt our business.

        We may become subject to material claims of infringement by competitors and other third parties with respect to current or future products, e-commerce and other web-related technologies, online business methods, trademarks or other proprietary rights. Our competitors, some of which may have substantially greater resources than us and have made significant investments in competing products and technologies, may have, or seek to apply for and obtain, patents, copyrights or trademarks that will prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use and sell our current and future products and technologies, and we may not be successful in defending allegations of infringement of these patents, copyrights or trademarks. Further, we may not be aware of all of the patents and other intellectual property rights owned by third parties that may be potentially adverse to our interests. We may need to resort to litigation to enforce our proprietary rights or to determine the scope and validity of a third-party's patents or other proprietary rights, including whether any of our products, technologies or processes infringe the patents or other proprietary rights of third parties. We may incur substantial expenses in defending against third-party infringement claims regardless of the merit of such claims. The outcome of any such proceedings is uncertain and, if unfavorable, could force us to discontinue sales of the affected products or impose significant penalties or restrictions on our business. We do not conduct comprehensive patent searches to determine whether the technologies used in our products infringe upon patents held by others. In addition, product development is inherently uncertain in a rapidly evolving technological environment in which there may be numerous patent applications pending, many of which are confidential when filed, with regard to similar technologies.

We do not own all of the software, other technologies and content used in our products and services.

        Some of our products and services include intellectual property owned by third parties, including software that is integrated with internally developed software and a portion of our voice recognition software, which we license from the University of Colorado. From time to time we may be required to renegotiate with these third parties or negotiate with new third parties to include their technology or content in our existing products, in new versions of our existing products or in wholly new products. We may not be able to negotiate or renegotiate licenses on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and the third-party software may not be appropriately supported, maintained or enhanced by the licensors. If we are unable to obtain the rights necessary to use or continue to use third-party technology or content in our products and services or the inability to support, maintain and enhance any software could result in increased costs, or in delays or reductions in product shipments until equivalent software could be developed, identified, licensed and integrated.

Our use of open source software could impose limitations on our ability to commercialize our products.

        We incorporate open source software into our products and may use more open source software in the future. The use of open source software is governed by license agreements. The terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. courts, and there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in a manner that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products. In such event, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our products, make generally available, in source code form, proprietary code that links to certain open source modules, re-engineer our products, discontinue the sale of our products if re-engineering could not be accomplished on a cost-effective and timely basis, or become subject to other consequences. In addition, open source licenses generally do not provide

26



warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. Thus, we may have little or no recourse if we become subject to infringement claims relating to the open source software or if the open source software is defective in any manner.

Risks Related to This Offering

Some of our stockholders could together exert control over our company after completion of this offering.

        As of December 31, 2008, funds affiliated with ABS Capital Partners beneficially owned in the aggregate shares representing approximately 46% of our outstanding voting power. Two managing members of the general partner of ABS Capital Partners currently serve on our board of directors. After the completion of this offering, funds affiliated with ABS Capital Partners will beneficially own in the aggregate shares representing approximately            % of our outstanding voting power, or approximately            % if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full. Additionally, as of December 31, 2008, Norwest Equity Partners VIII, LP, or Norwest, beneficially owned in the aggregate shares representing approximately 30% of our outstanding voting power. One managing member of the general partner of Norwest currently serves on our board of directors. After completion of this offering, affiliates of Norwest will beneficially own in the aggregate shares representing approximately            % of our outstanding voting power, or approximately            % if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full. As a result, these stockholders could together control all matters presented to our stockholders for approval, including election and removal of our directors and change of control transactions. The interests of these stockholders may not always coincide with the interests of the other holders of our common stock.

As a public company we will incur additional cost and face increased demands on our management and key employees.

        We have never operated as a public company. As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and the New York Stock Exchange, impose various requirements on public companies. Our management and other personnel will devote substantial amounts of time to these requirements. We expect these requirements to significantly increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. In addition, we will incur additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. These rules and regulations also make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. If our profitability is harmed by these additional costs, it could have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal controls for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the year ended December 31, 2007 that, if not properly remediated, could result in material misstatements in our financial statements in future periods and impair our ability to comply with the accounting and reporting requirements applicable to public companies.

        In relation to our consolidated financial statements for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the year ended December 31, 2007, we identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting in accounting for inventory, income taxes and stock-based compensation, our general computer controls and controls within our enterprise resources planning system. In addition, we identified a significant deficiency in our financial closing process. No material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal controls were identified in relation to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008. A material weakness is defined as a significant deficiency or combination of significant deficiencies, that results in a reasonable

27



possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented by our internal control over financial reporting. A significant deficiency means a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, that adversely affects our ability to initiate, record, process or report financial data reliably in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles such that there is more than a remote likelihood that a misstatement of our financial statements that is more than inconsequential will not be prevented or detected by our internal control over financial reporting.

        Our independent registered public accounting firm's audit for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing their audit procedures, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. If such an evaluation had been performed or when we are required to perform such an evaluation after we become public, additional material weaknesses, significant deficiencies and other control deficiencies may have been or may be identified. Ensuring that we have adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place to help produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that needs to be evaluated frequently. We will incur increased costs and demands upon management as a result of complying with the laws and regulations affecting public companies relating to internal controls, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations.

        Because of these material weaknesses, there is heightened risk that a material misstatement of our annual or quarterly financial statements relating to the periods that these material weaknesses existed was not prevented or detected. We have taken steps to remediate our material weaknesses, including hiring additional accounting and finance personnel and engaging consultants. Although we believe we have remediated these material weaknesses and significant deficiencies and did not identify any new material weaknesses or signficant deficiencies in relation to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008, we cannot assure you that our efforts to remediate these internal control weaknesses were successful or that similar material weaknesses will not recur. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Internal Control over Financial Reporting" for a discussion of the material weaknesses in our internal controls during the period January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the year ended December 31, 2007 and our efforts to remediate those material weaknesses.

        Our internal growth plans will also put additional strains on our internal controls if we do not augment our resources and adapt our procedures in response to this growth. Once we become a public company, we will be required to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 regarding internal controls. In the event that we have not adequately remedied these material weaknesses, and if we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls in future periods, we could become subject to potential review by the New York Stock Exchange, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources, could result in our delisting by the New York Stock Exchange, could compromise our ability to run our business effectively and could cause investors to lose confidence in our financial reporting.

We do not know whether a market will develop for our common stock or what the market price of our common stock will be and as a result it may be difficult for you to sell your shares of our common stock.

        Before this offering, there was no public trading market for our common stock. If a market for our common stock does not develop or is not sustained, it may be difficult for you to sell your shares of common stock at an attractive price or at all. We cannot predict the prices at which our common stock will trade. The initial public offering price for our common stock will be determined through negotiations with the underwriters and may not bear any relationship to the market price at which the common stock will trade after this offering or to any other established criteria regarding our value. It is possible that in one or more future periods our results of operations may be below the expectations of

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public market analysts and investors and, as a result of these and other factors, the price of our common stock may fall.

If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they publish negative evaluations of our stock, the price of our stock could decline.

        The trading market for our common stock will rely in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by industry or financial analysts. If no or few analysts commence coverage of us, the trading price of our stock would likely decrease. Even if we do obtain analyst coverage, if one or more of the analysts covering our business downgrade their evaluations of our stock, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover our stock, we could lose visibility in the market for our stock, which in turn could cause our stock price to decline.

Sales of outstanding shares of our common stock into the market in the future could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

        If our existing stockholders sell, or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the trading price of our common stock could decline substantially. After this offering, approximately            shares of our common stock will be outstanding. Of these shares, approximately             shares of our common stock, including the            shares of our common stock sold in this offering, will be freely tradable, without restriction, in the public market. Of our outstanding shares of common stock,       are subject to 180-day contractual lockup agreements with our underwriters. Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated may, in its discretion, permit our directors, officers, employees and current stockholders who are subject to these contractual lockups to sell shares prior to the expiration of the lockup agreements. The lockup is subject to extension for an additional 34 days under some circumstances. See "Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Lock-Up Agreements."

        After the lockup agreements pertaining to this offering expire, up to an additional        shares will be eligible for sale in the public market,             of which are held by directors, executive officers and other affiliates and will be subject to volume limitations under Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. In addition, the        shares underlying options that are either subject to the terms of our equity compensation plans or reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans will become eligible for sale in the public market to the extent permitted by the provisions of various option agreements, the lock-up agreements and Rules 144 and 701 under the Securities Act. If these additional shares are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold, in the public market, the trading price of our common stock could decline. For additional information, see "Shares Eligible for Future Sale."

You will experience immediate and substantial dilution in your investment.

        The offering price of the common stock is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock, which on a pro forma basis was $            as of December 31, 2008. As a result, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution in pro forma net tangible book value when you buy shares of common stock in this offering. This means that you will pay a higher price per share than the amount of our total assets, minus our total liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding shares. Holders of our common stock will experience further dilution if options or other rights to purchase our common stock that are outstanding or that we may issue in the future are exercised or converted, or if we issue additional shares of our common stock, at prices lower than our net tangible book value at such time.

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Provisions in our organizational documents and in the Delaware General Corporation Law may prevent takeover attempts that could be beneficial to our stockholders.

        Provisions in our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws, both of which will be effective upon the closing of this offering, and in the Delaware General Corporation Law, may make it difficult and expensive for a third-party to pursue a takeover attempt we oppose even if a change in control of our company would be beneficial to the interests of our stockholders. Any provision of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation or second amended and restated bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock. Our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the powers, preferences and rights of each series without stockholder approval. The ability to issue preferred stock could discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or make it more difficult for a third party to gain control of our company, or otherwise could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Further, as a Delaware corporation, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. This section generally prohibits us from engaging in mergers and other business combinations with stockholders that beneficially own 15% or more of our voting stock, or with their affiliates, unless our directors or stockholders approve the business combination in the prescribed manner. However, because funds affiliated with ABS Capital Partners and Norwest acquired their shares prior to this offering, Section 203 is currently inapplicable to any business combination or transaction with them or their affiliates. In addition, our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation includes a classified board of directors and requires that any action to be taken by stockholders must be taken at a duly called meeting of stockholders and may not be taken be written consent. Our second amended and restated bylaws require that any stockholder proposals or nominations for election to our board of directors must meet specific advance notice requirements and procedures, which make it more difficult for our stockholders to make proposals or director nominations.

We will retain broad discretion in using the net proceeds from this offering and may spend a substantial portion in ways with which you do not agree.

        Our management will retain broad discretion to allocate the net proceeds of this offering. The net proceeds may be applied in ways with which you and other investors in the offering may not agree, or which do not increase the value of your investment. We intend to use a portion of our net proceeds from this offering to repay the outstanding balance under our existing credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank N.A., or Wells Fargo, which was approximately $9.9 million as of January 16, 2009. We anticipate that we will use the remainder of the net proceeds for working capital and other general corporate purposes, which may include the acquisition of other businesses, products or technologies. We have not allocated these remaining net proceeds for any specific purposes. Our management might not be able to yield a significant return, if any, on any investment of these net proceeds. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

        This prospectus, including the sections entitled "Prospectus Summary," "Risk Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and "Business," contains forward-looking statements. We may, in some cases, use words such as "project," "believe," "anticipate," "plan," "expect," "estimate," "intend," "should," "would," "could," "potentially," "will," or "may," or other words that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this prospectus include statements about:

        Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated by these forward-looking statements, which statements apply only as of the date of this prospectus. These important factors include those that we discuss in this prospectus under the caption "Risk Factors" and elsewhere. You should read these factors and the other cautionary statements made in this prospectus as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this prospectus. If one or more of these factors materialize, or if any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results, performance or achievements may vary materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

        We estimate that the net proceeds we will receive from this offering will be approximately $     million, based on the assumed initial public offering price of $    per share, which is the midpoint of the range included on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. If the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares in this offering is exercised, our net proceeds will not change as the entire option will be comprised of shares from the selling stockholders. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders. A $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $    per share would increase or decrease the net proceeds we receive from this offering by approximately $     million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriter discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

        We expect to use a portion of the net proceeds we will receive from this offering to repay all amounts outstanding under our credit agreement with Wells Fargo, which has a maturity date of January 15, 2011 and had an outstanding balance of $9.9 million and an interest rate of approximately 2.9% as of January 16, 2009.

        We expect to use the remainder of the net proceeds as working capital for general corporate purposes. We may also use a portion of the proceeds to expand our current business through acquisitions or investments in other complementary businesses, products or technologies. We have no agreements or commitments with respect to any acquisitions at this time. We will have broad discretion in the way we use the net proceeds.

        Pending use of the net proceeds from this offering described above, we intend to invest the net proceeds in short- and intermediate-term interest-bearing obligations, investment-grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government.


DIVIDEND POLICY

        The Successor has never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to support the operation of and to finance the growth and development of our business. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

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CAPITALIZATION

        The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and our capitalization as of December 31, 2008 on:

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        You should read the following table in conjunction with the sections titled "Selected Consolidated Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
  As of December 31, 2008  
 
  Actual   Pro Forma   Pro Forma as
Adjusted
 
 
  (in thousands, except per share data)
 

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 30,626   $     $    
               

Current maturities of long-term debt

  $ 4,250   $     $    
               

Long-term debt

  $ 5,660   $     $    

Class A, Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value; 269,000, 0 and 0 shares authorized, issued and outstanding actual, pro forma, and pro forma as adjusted

    26,876            

Class A, Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value; 178,000, 0 and 0 shares authorized, issued and outstanding actual, pro forma, and pro forma as adjusted

    17,820            

Class B Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value; 111,000,
0 and 0 shares authorized, issued and outstanding actual, pro forma, and pro forma as adjusted

    11,341            

Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value; 0,             and             shares authorized actual, pro forma, and pro forma as adjusted;
0, 0, and 0 shares issued and outstanding actual, pro forma,
and pro forma as adjusted

               

Common stock, $0.00005 par value; 39,100,000,             and             shares authorized actual, pro forma, and pro forma as adjusted; 1,488,971,             and                   shares issued and outstanding actual, pro forma, and pro forma as adjusted

    1              

Additional paid-in capital

    10,814              

Accumulated other comprehensive income

    (203 )            

Accumulated income

    12,422              
               

Total stockholders' equity

    79,071              
               

Total capitalization

  $ 88,981   $     $    
               

        Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $      per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease the amount of cash and cash equivalents, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders' equity and total capitalization by approximately $         million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable by us.

        This table excludes the following shares:

34



DILUTION

        If you invest in our common stock, your interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of our common stock in this offering and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock after this offering.

        Our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2008 was $34.2 million, or $22.99 per share of common stock. Net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of our common stock outstanding. On a pro forma basis, after giving effect to the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of our preferred stock into an aggregate of 11,159,780 shares of common stock immediately prior to the closing of this offering, our issuance of            shares of common stock on                         , 2009 to some of our key employees, including our executive officers, and our payment of $        on that date to federal and state taxing authorities to satisfy tax withholding obligations, our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2008 was $       million, or $       per share of common stock.

        After giving further effect to our issuance and sale of             shares of common stock in this offering, less the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2008 would have been $       million, or $       per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value per share of $      to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $       per share to new investors. Dilution per share to new investors is determined by subtracting pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering from the initial public offering price per share paid by a new investor. The following table illustrates the per share dilution:

Initial public offering price per share of common stock

        $    
 

Actual net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2008

  $ 22.99        
 

Decrease per share attributable to conversion of preferred stock and the                      , 2009 stock grants and related tax withholding payments

             
             
 

Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2008

             
 

Increase per share attributable to new investors

             
             

Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering

             
             

Dilution per share to new investors

        $    
             

        If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of our common stock in full in this offering, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after the offering would not change since the shares for this option are all being provided by our selling stockholders and we will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of these shares.

        If all of the outstanding options were exercised, the net tangible book value as of December 31, 2008 would have been $       million and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering would have been $      per share, causing dilution to new investors of $      per share.

        A $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $      per share, which is the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2008 by approximately $       million, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering by $      per share and the dilution in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors

35



in this offering by $      per share, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

        The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2008, on the pro forma as adjusted basis described above, the number of shares of our common stock purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us, and the average price per share paid to us by existing stockholders and to be paid by new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering.

 
   
   
  Total
Consideration
   
 
 
  Shares Purchased    
 
 
  Average Price
Per Share
 
 
  Number   Percent   Amount   Percent  

Existing stockholders

            % $         % $    

New investors

                               
                         

Total

          100 % $       100 %      
                         

        A $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $            per share, which is the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease total consideration paid to us by investors participating in this offering by approximately $             million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

        The sale of                  shares of common stock to be sold by the selling stockholders in this offering will reduce the number of shares held by existing stockholders to                   shares, or        % of the total shares outstanding, and will increase the number of shares held by investors participating in this offering to                  shares, or         % of the total shares outstanding. In addition, if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, the number of shares held by existing stockholders will be further reduced to                  shares, or        % of the total shares outstanding, and the number of shares held by investors participating in this offering will be further increased to                   shares, or        % of the total shares outstanding.

        As of December 31, 2008, there were options outstanding to purchase a total of 1,275,230 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $8.41 per share. The above discussion and table assumes no exercise of stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2008. If all of these options were exercised, our existing stockholders, including the holders of these options, would own        % of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding upon the closing of this offering and our new investors would own        % of the total number of shares of our common stock upon the closing of this offering.

36



SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

        The following table sets forth our selected consolidated statement of operations, balance sheet and other data for the periods indicated. The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2007 and 2008 have been derived from Rosetta Stone Inc., or the Successor, audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, represents the operations of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., or the Predecessor, which was acquired by Rosetta Stone Inc. on January 4, 2006 and have been derived from Predecessor audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2006 has been derived from Successor audited financial statements, which are not included in this prospectus. The selected consolidated financial data for the Predecessor as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, and for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, have been derived from Predecessor audited financial statements, which are not included in this prospectus. This information should be read in conjunction with "Capitalization," "Selected Consolidated Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical results for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period.

        The Predecessor incurred transaction-related expenses during the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006 relating to the acquisition by Rosetta Stone Inc. on January 4, 2006. Included in the expenses were $5.9 million related to restricted common stock, $3.1 million in cash bonuses and $1.2 million in acquisition-related bank fees.

        The Predecessor declared cash dividends of $6,716 and $14,324 per share in the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively.

37


 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
 
Year Ended
December 31,
  Period from
January 1,
through
January 4,
2006
  Period from
January 4,
through
December 31,
2006
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
  2004   2005   2007   2008  
 
  (in thousands, except per share data)
 

Statement of Operations Data:

                                     

Revenue

  $ 25,373   $ 48,402   $ 272   $ 91,298   $ 137,321   $ 209,380  

Cost of revenue

    3,968     8,242     203     12,541     20,687     28,676  
                           

Gross profit

    21,405     40,160     69     78,757     116,634     180,704  
                           

Operating expenses:

                                     
 

Sales and marketing

    11,303     22,432     695     45,854     65,437     93,384  
 

Research and development

    1,833     2,819     41     8,117     12,893     18,387  
 

Acquired in-process research and development

                12,597          
 

General and administrative

    6,484     8,157     142     16,590     29,786     39,577  
 

Lease abandonment

                        1,831  
 

Transaction-related expenses

            10,315              
                           
   

Total operating expenses

    19,620     33,408     11,193     83,158     108,116     153,179  
                           

Income (loss) from operations

    1,785     6,752     (11,124 )   (4,401 )   8,518     27,525  

Other income and expense:

                                     
 

Interest income

    84     38         613     673     454  
 

Interest expense

                (1,560 )   (1,331 )   (891 )
 

Other (expense) income

    120     134     3     60     154     239  
                           
 

Interest and other income (expense), net

    204     172     3     (887 )   (504 )   (198 )
                           

Income (loss) before income taxes

    1,989     6,924     (11,121 )   (5,288 )   8,014     27,327  

Income tax expense (benefit)

    66     143         (1,240 )   5,435     13,435  
                           

Net income (loss)

    1,923     6,781     (11,121 )   (4,048 )   2,579     13,892  

Preferred stock accretion

                (159 )   (80 )    
                           

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

  $ 1,923   $ 6,781   $ (11,121 ) $ (4,207 ) $ 2,499   $ 13,892  
                           

Income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:

                                     
 

Basic

  $ 6,993   $ 24,658   $ (37,194 ) $ (3.42 ) $ 1.91   $ 9.48  
                           
 

Diluted

  $ 6,993   $ 24,658   $ (37,194 ) $ (3.42 ) $ 0.20   $ 1.07  
                           

Common shares and equivalents outstanding:

                                     
 

Basic weighted average shares

    0.275     0.275     0.299     1,230     1,310     1,465  
                           
 

Diluted weighted average shares

    0.275     0.275     0.299     1,230     12,718     13,018  
                           

Unaudited pro forma net income per common share:(1)

                                     
 

Basic

                                $ 1.10  
                                     
 

Diluted

                                $ 1.07  
                                     

Unaudited pro forma common shares and equivalents outstanding:

                                     
 

Basic weighted average shares

                                  12,625  
                                     
 

Diluted weighted average shares

                                  13,018  
                                     

Other Data:

                                     

Adjusted EBITDA

  $ 2,380   $ 7,615   $ (5,181 ) $ 15,332   $ 17,768   $ 36,429  
                           

Stock-based compensation included in:

                                     
 

Cost of revenue

  $   $   $   $ 1   $ 2   $ 2  
 

Sales and marketing

                59     189     153  
 

Research and development

                128     360     482  
 

General and administrative

    2             373     776     953  
 

Transaction-related expenses

            5,930              
                           
     

Total stock-based compensation expense

  $ 2   $   $ 5,930   $ 561   $ 1,327   $ 1,590  
                           

Intangible amortization included in:

                                     
 

Cost of revenue

  $   $   $   $ 1,213   $ 1,227   $ 13  
 

Sales and marketing

                4,113     3,596     3,003  
                           
     

Total intangible amortization expense

  $   $   $   $ 5,326   $ 4,823   $ 3,016  
                           

38


 

 
  Predecessor   Sucessor  
 
  As of
December 31,
  As of December 31,  
 
  2004   2005   2006   2007   2008  
 
  (in thousands)
 

Balance Sheet Data:

                               

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 1,767   $ 11,738   $ 16,917   $ 21,691   $ 30,626  

Total assets

    10,752     25,620     96,754     110,376     138,818  

Deferred revenue

    1,653     6,231     8,105     12,939     15,744  

Notes payable and capital lease obligation

    741     63     15,917     13,324     9,910  

Redeemable convertible preferred stock

            4,920     5,000      

Total stockholders' equity

    6,187     8,985     53,548     58,125     79,071  

(1)
Unaudited pro forma net income per common share reflects conversion of all outstanding shares of our convertible preferred stock into an aggregate of 11,159,780 shares of our common stock, which will occur automatically prior to the closing of this offering.

        The following table presents a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), the most comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods identified.

 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
 
Year Ended
December 31,
  Period from
January 1,
through
January 4,
2006
  Period from
January 4,
through
December 31,
2006
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
  2004   2005   2007   2008  
 
  (in thousands)
   
   
 

Reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss):

                                     

Net income (loss)

  $ 1,923   $ 6,781   $ (11,121 ) $ (4,048 ) $ 2,579   $ 13,892  

Interest expense (income), net

    (84 )   (38 )       947     658     437  

Income tax expense (benefit)

    66     143         (1,240 )   5,435     13,435  

Depreciation and amortization

    473     729     10     6,515     7,769     7,075  

Stock-based compensation

    2         5,930     561     1,327     1,590  

Acquired in-process research and development

                12,597          
                           

Adjusted EBITDA

  $ 2,380   $ 7,615   $ (5,181 ) $ 15,332   $ 17,768   $ 36,429  
                           

39



MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

         You should read the following discussion together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business and operations. Our actual results may differ materially from those we currently anticipate as a result of the factors we describe under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus.

Company Overview

        We are a leading provider of technology-based language learning solutions. We develop, market and sell language learning solutions consisting of software, online services and audio practice tools primarily under our Rosetta Stone brand. Our teaching method, which we call Dynamic Immersion , is designed to leverage the innate, natural language learning ability that children use to learn their native language. Our courses are based on our proprietary interactive technologies and pedagogical content and utilize a sophisticated sequencing of images, text and sounds to teach a new language without translation or grammar explanation. We believe our award-winning solutions provide an effective, convenient and fun way to learn languages. We currently offer our self-study language learning solutions in 31 languages. Our customers include individuals, educational institutions, armed forces, government agencies and corporations.

        The strength and breadth of our solutions have allowed us to develop a business model that we believe distinguishes us from other language learning companies. Our scalable technology platform and our proprietary content can be deployed across many languages, which has enabled us to cost-effectively develop a broad product portfolio. We have a multi-channel marketing and distribution strategy that directly targets customers, utilizing print, online, television and radio advertising, public relations initiatives and our branded kiosks. Approximately 83% of our revenue in 2008 was generated through our direct sales channels, which include our call centers, websites, institutional sales force and kiosks. We also distribute our solutions through select retailers such as Amazon.com, Apple, Barnes & Noble and Borders.

        We generate revenue primarily from sales of packaged software and audio practice products and online software subscriptions. Our continued growth depends, in part, on our ability to maintain strong brand recognition in order to generate sales from new customers. We continuously balance our need to achieve short-term financial goals with the equally critical need to invest in our products, our brand and our infrastructure to ensure our future success. In making decisions about spending levels in our various functional organizations, we consider many factors, including:

        We believe the primary factors that affect our financial performance include the following:

40


        We believe that our multi-channel marketing and distribution models are fundamental to our success. Specifically, we focus on educating customers about the many benefits of our products and services by leveraging our advertising and kiosk network in order to drive website and call center traffic.

Fairfield Acquisition

        On January 4, 2006, Rosetta Stone Inc., or the Successor, acquired all of the outstanding stock of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., along with its wholly owned United Kingdom subsidiary, Fairfield & Sons, Limited, or collectively the Predecessor. After the acquisition, we changed the names of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. and Fairfield & Sons, Limited to Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Rosetta Stone (UK) Limited, respectively. The results of acquired operations are included in our consolidated results of operations subsequent to the closing of the Predecessor's accounting records on January 4, 2006. Rosetta Stone Inc. had no operations prior to that acquisition.

        Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. developed, marketed and sold a suite of language learning software products under the Rosetta Stone brand name. As a result of the acquisition of all of the stock of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., we acquired all of the assets and assumed all of the liabilities of the Predecessor. Those assets included intellectual property, trade receivables, inventory, contracts, equipment and other tangible personal property and those liabilities included trade payables, accrued expenses and future customer support and services. We paid a total purchase price of approximately $79.1 million for the net assets acquired.

        We recorded amortizable intangibles associated with the acquisition related to acquired software technology, as well as existing trade names and trademarks, core technology and customer relationships. The estimated lives of the acquired technology and customer relationships was between 18 and 36 months. The intangible assets associated with the trade names and trademarks have an indefinite useful life. We compute amortization of intangible assets that do not have an indefinite life on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the assets. We test goodwill and intangible assets that have an indefinite life annually for impairment.

41


        A summary of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition is as follows (in thousands):

Tangible assets:

       
 

Assets—current

  $ 21,874  
 

Assets—non-current

    4,742  

Intangible assets:

       
 

Intangible assets

    36,396  
 

Goodwill

    34,199  
       

Total assets acquired

    97,211  

Liabilities assumed

   
(18,106

)
       

Net assets acquired

  $ 79,105  
       

Components of Our Statement of Operations

    Revenue

        We derive revenue from sales of language learning solutions consisting of packaged software and audio practice products and online software subscriptions. Revenue is presented as product revenue or subscription and service revenue in our consolidated financial statements. Our audio practice products are normally combined with our packaged software products and sold as a solution.

        Product revenue consists of revenue from sales of our packaged software and audio products. Subscription and service revenue consists primarily of revenue from our online software subscriptions. The content of our packaged software and subscription offerings are the same. We simply offer our customers the ability to choose which format they prefer without differentiating the learning experience.

        We sell our solutions directly to individuals, educational institutions, armed forces, government agencies and corporations. We distribute our consumer products predominantly through our direct sales channels, primarily our websites and call centers, which we refer to as our direct-to-consumer channel. We also distribute our consumer products through our kiosks, which we own, as well as through select retailers. The majority of our consumer customers purchase our packaged software and audio practice products. We sell to institutions primarily through our direct institutional sales force. Many institutions elect to license our products on a subscription basis. For purposes of explaining variances in our revenue, we separately discuss changes in our consumer and institutional sales channels because the customers and revenue drivers of these channels are different. We anticipate that revenue growth in future periods will be less significant than we have experienced historically.

        Our consumer revenue is affected by seasonal trends associated with the holiday shopping season. As a result, our fourth quarter ended December 31, 2008 accounted for 32% of our annual revenue in 2008. Our institutional revenue is seasonally stronger in the second and third quarters of the calendar year due to education, home school and government purchasing cycles. We expect these trends to continue.

    Cost of Revenue

        Cost of product revenue consists of the direct and indirect materials and labor costs to produce and distribute our products. Such costs include packaging materials, computer headsets, freight, inventory receiving, personnel costs associated with product assembly, third-party royalty fees and inventory storage, obsolescence and shrinkage. Cost of subscription and service revenue primarily represents costs associated with supporting our online language learning service, which includes hosting costs and depreciation. We also include the cost of credit card processing and customer technical

42



support in both cost of product revenue and cost of subscription and service revenue. In the period from January 4, 2006 to December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, cost of product revenue and subscription and service revenue included intangible amortization related to core technology associated with the acquisition of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., which was fully amortized by June 2008. We expect our cost of revenue to increase in absolute dollars in future periods as our unit sales continue to grow. Cost of revenue may also increase as a percentage of revenue in future periods as we are planning to release service offerings that will have higher direct costs to deliver to customers.

    Operating Expenses

        We classify our operating expenses into three categories: sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative.

        Our operating expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, direct advertising and marketing expenses and professional fees associated with contract product development, legal, accounting and consulting. Personnel costs for each category of operating expenses include salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation and employee benefit costs.

        Sales and Marketing.     Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of direct advertising expenses related to television, print, radio, online and other direct marketing activities, personnel costs for our sales and marketing staff, rental payments for our kiosks and commissions paid to our sales personnel. Sales and marketing expenses also include amortization expense of intangible assets related to customer relationships associated with the acquisition of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. These intangible assets were fully amortized by January 2009. In 2007, we began to make significant investments to expand our sales and marketing operations in Europe and Japan. We established local sales offices and call centers, added employees and launched marketing and public relations campaigns within each region. We intend to continue to expand our sales activities within these regions as well as to expand our presence into new countries, in addition to expanding our media and advertising campaigns in the United States. As a result, we expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in future periods.

        Research and Development.     Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs and contract development fees associated with the development of our solutions. Our development efforts are primarily based in the United States and are devoted to expanding our product portfolio through the addition of new content and new complimentary products and services to our language learning solutions. We expect our investment in research and development expenses to increase in future years but provide us with significant benefits in the future.

        General and Administrative.     General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs of our executive, finance, legal, human resources and other administrative personnel, as well as accounting and legal professional services fees and other corporate expenses. We expect general and administrative expenses to increase in future periods as we expect to continue to invest in corporate infrastructure and incur additional expenses associated with being a public company, including increased legal and accounting costs, investor relations costs, higher insurance premiums and compliance costs in connection with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. We also intend to increase administrative expenses as a result of our planned international expansion.

    Other Income (Expense)

        Other income (expense) primarily consists of interest income and interest expense. Interest expense is related to our long-term debt, the outstanding balance of which was $9.9 million as of December 31, 2008. We expect interest expense to decrease in future periods as we will pay down the balance of our outstanding long-term debt with proceeds from this offering. Interest income represents interest received on our cash and cash equivalents.

43


    Income Tax Expense

        Income tax expense consists of federal and state income taxes in the United States. In 2008, our effective tax rate in the United States was approximately 37%, although operating losses of our international subsidiaries raised our worldwide effective tax rate to 49%. We expect this rate should be lower in 2009 and beyond as results improve in international operations and as we implement new tax planning strategies, assuming no general increase in U.S. federal or state income tax rates applicable to companies such as ours. However, we expect our income tax expense to increase in absolute dollars as our income continues to grow.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

        In presenting our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses and related disclosures.

        Some of the estimates and assumptions we are required to make relate to matters that are inherently uncertain as they pertain to future events. We base these estimates and assumptions on historical experience or on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable and appropriate under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, we reconsider and evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates. Future results may differ from our estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

        We believe that the critical accounting policies listed below involve our more significant judgments, assumptions and estimates and, therefore, could have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements. In addition, we believe that a discussion of these policies is necessary to understand and evaluate the consolidated financial statements contained in this prospectus.

        For further information on our critical and other significant accounting policies, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of our consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this prospectus.

    Revenue Recognition

        We derive revenue primarily from the sale of packaged software and audio practice products and online software subscriptions. We recognize revenue for software products and online software subscriptions in accordance with the Statement of Position, or SOP, No. 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition , as amended by SOP No. 98-9, Modification of SOP No. 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, with Respect to Certain Transactions , and the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin, or SAB, No. 101, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements , as amended by SAB No. 104, Revenue Recognition, Corrected Copy .

        We recognize revenue when all of the following criteria are met: there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; the product has been delivered or services have been rendered; the fee is fixed and determinable; and collectability is probable. We recognize revenue from packaged software and audio practice products and online software subscriptions net of discounts. We recognize revenue related to professional services, which represented less than 1% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008, as the services are performed.

        We recognize revenue from the sale of packaged software and audio practice products when the product has been delivered, assuming the remaining revenue recognition criteria have been met. Software products include sales to end user customers and resellers. In most cases, revenue from sales to resellers is not contingent upon resale of the software to the end user and is recorded in the same manner as all other product sales. Revenue from sales of packaged software products is recognized as the products are shipped and title passes. We also sell a limited amount of packaged software products to resellers on a consignment basis. We recognize revenue for these consignment transactions once the

44



end-user sale has occurred, assuming the remaining revenue recognition criteria have been met. We allow some customers to make payments for packaged software products in installments over a period of time, which typically ranges between three and five months. Given that these installment payment plans are for periods less then 12 months and a successful collection history has been established, we recognize revenue at the time of sale, assuming the remaining revenue recognition criteria have been met. We provide customers who purchase our packaged software products directly from us with a six-month right of return. We also allow our retailers to return unsold products, subject to some limitations. In accordance with SFAS No. 48, Revenue Recognition When Right of Return Exists , we reduce product revenue for estimated returns, which are based on historical return rates.

        We recognize revenue for software license agreements sold via online software subscriptions as hosting agreements in accordance with Emerging Issue Task Force, or EITF, No. 00-3: Application of AICPA Statement of Position 97-2 to Arrangements That Include the Right to Use Software Stored on Another Entity's Hardware . We recognize revenue for online software subscriptions ratably over the term of the subscription period, which typically ranges between three and 12 months, assuming all revenue recognition criteria have been met. Some online licensing arrangements include a specified number of licenses that can be activated over a period of time, which typically ranges between 12 and 24 months. We recognize revenue for these arrangements on a per license basis ratably over the term of the individual license subscription period, which typically ranges between three and 12 months, assuming all revenue recognition criteria have been met. We recognize revenue for set-up fees related to online licensing arrangements ratably over the term of the online licensing arrangement, assuming all revenue recognition criteria have been met. We record accounts receivable and deferred revenue at the time a customer enters into a binding subscription agreement and the subscription services are made available to the customer. We classify amounts received in advance of revenue recognition as deferred revenue.

        In connection with packaged software product sales and online software subscriptions, we provide technical support to customers, including customers of resellers, at no additional charge. Because we include the fee for technical support in the initial product cost or licensing fee, as applicable, we generally provide the technical support and services within one year, we deem the estimated cost of providing such support insignificant and we offer no unspecified upgrades or enhancements, we recognize technical support revenue together with the software product and license revenue. We accrue costs associated with the technical support at the time of sale.

        In connection with packaged software product sales and online software subscriptions, we provide accessory products, such as headsets, to customers at no additional charge. In accordance with SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, and EITF No. 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables , we account for the accessory products, such as headsets, and the software as separate elements or units of accounting. We recognize revenue upon the delivery of both the software and accessory products.

        We recognize revenue from the sale of packaged software products with specific upgrade rights in accordance with SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition . We defer revenue recognition for these sales until the earlier of the point at which sufficient vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, exists for the specific upgrade right or we have delivered all elements of the arrangement. As of December 31, 2007, we had not delivered specified upgrade rights and had not yet established VSOE for these upgrade rights. As of December 31, 2008, the specific upgrade rights under all our arrangements expired and there were no undelivered elements for these arrangements. Deferred revenue related to these arrangements as of December 31, 2007 and 2008 was $2.4 million and zero, respectively.

        In accordance with EITF No. 01-9, Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer or a Reseller of the Vendor's Product , we account for cash sales incentives to resellers as a reduction of revenue unless a specific benefit is identified and the fair value is reasonably determinable.

45


        We have developed language learning solutions for some endangered languages under fixed fee arrangements. These arrangements also include contractual periods of post-contract support, or PCS, and online hosting services ranging from one to ten years. We recognize revenue for these arrangements ratably over the longer of the PCS or online hosting period, once the PCS or online hosting period begins. When the current estimates of total contract revenue and contract cost indicate a loss for a fixed fee arrangement, we record the entire loss on the contract.

    Stock-Based Compensation

        We record all stock-based awards, including employee stock option grants, at fair value as of the grant date and recognize these awards as expenses in our statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payments .

        As of December 31, 2007 and 2008, there were approximately $3.8 million and $4.4 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock option awards that we expect to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.61 and 2.21 years, respectively. For the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, the Predecessor recognized $5.9 million in stock-based compensation expense in its net loss related to change-of-control stock agreements issued in connection with our acquisition of the Predecessor.

        The following table sets forth the stock-based compensation expense included in the related financial statement line items:

 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
  Period From
January 1, through
January 4,
2006
  Period from
January 4, through
December 31,
2006
  Year Ended
December 31,
2007
  Year Ended
December 31,
2008
 
 
  (in thousands)
 

Cost of revenue

  $   $ 1   $ 2   $ 2  

Sales and marketing

        59     189     153  

Research and development

        128     360     482  

General and administrative

        373     776     953  

Transaction-related expenses

    5,930              
                   

Total

  $ 5,930   $ 561   $ 1,327   $ 1,590  
                   

        We estimate the fair value of each option grant on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option pricing model. For the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, we calculated the fair value of options granted using the following assumptions:

 
  Period from
January 4, through
December 31,
2006
  Year Ended
December 31,
2007
  Year Ended
December 31,
2008

Expected stock price volatility

  61% - 67%   62% - 70%   57% - 62%

Expected term of options

  5 years   6 years   6 years

Expected dividend yield

     

Risk-free interest rate

  4.53% - 4.94%   3.50% - 4.96%   2.08% - 3.36%

        Since our common stock is not publicly quoted and we have a limited history of stock option activity, we established a peer group of comparable publicly traded education and technology-enabled learning companies and high growth consumer companies for which historical information was available. As of each stock option grant date, we utilized the peer group data to calculate our expected volatility, the average expected stock option term and expected forfeitures. We will continue to use our

46



peer group until sufficient historical data is available. The risk-free interest rate was determined by reference to the United States Treasury rates with the remaining term approximating the expected life assumed at the date of grant.

        The following table sets forth all stock option grants since January 4, 2006, the date of plan inception, through the date of this prospectus:

Grant Date
  Number of
Options Granted
  Exercise Price   Common Stock
Fair Value
Per Share
at Grant
Date
 

May 22, 2006

    1,051,120   $ 5.00   $ 5.94  

August 16, 2006

    22,970     5.00     6.63  

August 21, 2006

    115,000     5.00     6.68  

September 5, 2006

    100,000     5.00     6.82  

December 8, 2006

    22,410     5.00     7.69  

February 2, 2007(1)

    15,710     5.00     8.25  

March 21, 2007

    170,430     7.90     8.75  

April 20, 2007(1)

    24,100     7.90     9.07  

June 5, 2007

    46,000     9.50     9.50  

August 3, 2007(1)

    14,480     9.50     12.48  

August 22, 2007

    21,470     13.78     13.78  

November 28, 2007

    26,330     14.55     14.55  

December 17, 2007(1)

    17,060     13.78     14.69  

February 8, 2008(1)

    44,190     14.55     15.13  

April 29, 2008(1)

    76,420     15.13     13.47  

May 28, 2008

    85,320     13.47     13.47  

August 19, 2008

    27,750     18.49     18.49  

November 19, 2008

    76,170     22.74     22.74  

        Given the absence of an active market for our common stock, our board of directors estimated the fair value of our common stock. These estimates of the fair value of our common stock were made as of the following dates:

Valuation Date
  Fair Value
Per Share
 

January 4, 2006

  $ 5.00  

June 30, 2006

    6.20  

December 31, 2006

    7.90  

May 31, 2007

    9.50  

August 31, 2007

    13.78  

November 30, 2007

    14.55  

January 31, 2008

    15.13  

April 30, 2008

    13.47  

July 31, 2008

    18.49  

October 31, 2008

    22.74  

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        On January 4, 2006, we acquired our Predecessor for a price of $5.00 per share. The board of directors utilized this value as the exercise price for all stock option grants approved in 2006. Subsequent to December 31, 2006, we performed retrospective valuations of our common stock as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2006. The board of directors utilized the December 31, 2006 common stock valuation to establish the exercise price for stock option grants approved on March 21, 2007, as it was the most recent valuation of our common stock. Our board of directors performed the next common stock valuation on May 31, 2007 and continued performing valuations at regular intervals that did not exceed three months.

        In order to determine the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant for purposes of calculating the fair value of our stock option grants under SFAS 123(R), we utilized the valuation closest to the grant date if there was a valuation done within 30 days of the grant date. If a valuation was not performed within 30 days of the grant date, we utilized the valuations performed immediately prior to and after the option grant dates and interpolated the grant date values on a straight-line basis between the two valuation dates.

        Assuming an initial public offering price of $        per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the intrinsic value of the options outstanding at December 31, 2008, was $         million, of which $         million related to options that were vested and $         million related to options that were not vested.

        We considered numerous objective and subjective factors in valuing our common stock at each valuation date in accordance with the guidance in AICPA Practice Aid Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation . For each common stock valuation that we performed, we determined the fair value of our common stock by taking the average value calculated under the discounted cash flow method, the guideline company method and the comparative transaction method. We weighted each method equally.

        The significant variables utilized in the discounted cash flow method are:

        The guideline company method is based on the following factors:

        The comparative transaction method is based on the following factors:

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        Our analysis of comparable transactions for valuations performed from January 4, 2006 through May 31, 2007 was focused on the sale of three technology-enabled education companies that were sold between March 2004 and October 2005. The average revenue and EBITDA of this group was $12.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The revenue multiples for the group ranged from 0.8 to 1.7 times the trailing twelve month revenue. The EBITDA multiple for the group ranged from 6.3 to 19.2 times the trailing twelve months EBITDA. We felt that these companies were comparable to us as they operated in our industry, were relatively comparable in terms of our revenue at that time and occurred within a reasonable time of the valuation.

        Beginning with the August 31, 2007 valuation and for all subsequent valuations, our analysis of comparative transactions focused on the sales of four privately held technology-enabled education companies that were sold between April 2003 and April 2007. These transactions were different than those utilized in our comparative transaction method in prior valuations. We adjusted the comparable companies because we had experienced significant growth and we felt the previous companies were not representative of us. The average revenue and EBITDA for the new group in the twelve months before their respective sale dates was $92.7 million and $11.7 million, respectively. The revenue multiple for the group ranged from 1.0 to 14.2 with a median of 1.4 times the trailing twelve months revenue. We also examined adjusted revenue multiples at each valuation date due to differences in EBITDA margin between us and the comparable companies. The adjusted revenue multiples ranged from 0.69 to 3.20 between August 31, 2007 and October 31, 2008. The EBITDA multiple for the group ranged from 9.5 to 18.9 times trailing twelve months EBITDA and were not adjusted. We felt that these companies were comparable to us as they operated in our industry, were, on average, comparable in size in terms of revenue and EBITDA and the transactions occurred within a reasonable time of the valuation date.

        Our valuations also considered the lack of marketability of our common stock and the liquidation rights and preferences of our preferred stock. In allocating the total equity value between preferred and common stock, we assumed that the preferred stock would convert to common stock because the preferred stock was in-the-money based on the concluded common stock value on each valuation date. This assumption remained consistent for all valuations through the May 31, 2007 valuation, after which we began to utilize the probability-weighted method and the option-pricing method for allocating the total equity value between preferred and common stock.

        On January 4, 2006, we sold 446,958 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock and 993,240 shares of common stock to outside investors at a price of $100.00 per preferred share and $5.00 per common share. Each share of preferred stock is convertible into 20 shares of common stock. All of the stock was purchased by ABS Capital Partners, Norwest, Madison Capital Funding LLC and our chief executive officer, Tom Adams, all of whom purchased shares on the same date for the same price. We performed a valuation of our common and preferred stock contemporaneously with the stock sale to outside investors, which supported the price paid for the stock by the outside investors. This valuation utilized the valuation methodology described above. For purposes of the guideline company method, we utilized a group of three comparable technology-enabled education companies to compute our implied multiples of market value to revenue and EBITDA. Based on the stock sale and the corroborating valuation, we determined the fair value of our common stock to be $5.00 on January 4, 2006.

        In May 2007, the board of directors performed a retrospective valuation of our common stock as of June 30, 2006. Under the discounted cash flow method, we utilized a discount rate of 25% and a

49


terminal value multiple of 4.8, which we believed best reflected our growth rate and other attributes of our business at that time. Our forecasted future revenue and EBITDA for 2008 through 2010 increased by 9% and 8%, respectively, from our forecast on the previous valuation date. Under the guideline company method, we expanded our peer group of comparable publicly traded companies to include six technology-enabled education companies. The implied multiples of trailing twelve months revenue and EBITDA for the peer group were 1.4 and 9.1, respectively. Under the comparative transaction method, we utilized average trailing twelve month revenue and EBITDA multiples of 1.5 and 9.5, respectively. Our trailing twelve months revenue increased by 39% and EBITDA increased by 99% from the previous valuation. We applied a 20% discount for the lack of marketability of our common stock. Based on these factors, the fair value of our common stock as of June 30, 2006 increased to $6.20 per share.

        In April 2007, the board of directors performed a retrospective valuation of our common stock as of December 31, 2006. Under the discounted cash flow method, our discount rate was unchanged from the previous valuation, and our terminal value multiple was 4.7. Our forecasted revenue and EBITDA for 2008 through 2010 increased by 9% and 15%, respectively, from the forecast at our previous valuation. Under the guideline company method, the peer group was also unchanged and the market multiples remained consistent with the previous valuation. Under the comparative transaction method, we utilized average trailing twelve month revenue and EBITDA multiples of 1.4 and 9.0, respectively. Our trailing twelve months revenue increased by 36% and our trailing twelve months EBITDA decreased by 3% from the previous valuation. As a result, the fair value of our common stock as of December 31, 2006 increased to $7.90 per share.

        On May 31, 2007, the board of directors performed a contemporaneous valuation of our common stock. Under the discounted cash flow method, we utilized a discount rate of 24% and the terminal value multiple was 5.0. Our forecasted future revenue and EBITDA was unchanged from our forecast on our previous valuation date. Under the guideline company method, the peer group was unchanged and the market multiples derived from our peer group for trailing twelve month revenue and EBITDA increased to 1.9 and 10.7, respectively. Under the comparative transaction method, we did not change revenue and EBITDA multiples from the previous valuation. Our trailing twelve months revenue increased by 17% and our trailing twelve months EBITDA decreased by 4% from the previous valuation. We reduced the discount for the lack of marketability to 15%, as we began more seriously evaluating the timing of a potential initial public offering. Based on these factors, the fair value of our common stock as of May 31, 2007 increased to $9.50 per share.

        On August 31, 2007, the board of directors performed a contemporaneous valuation of our common stock. At this time, the board of directors expanded and refined the valuation methodologies utilized in its common stock valuations with a view to providing what they believed would be a more comprehensive valuation analysis.

        For example, although the preferred stock was still in-the-money based on the concluded value of the common stock, we began utilizing the option-pricing method and the probability-weighted expected return method to determine the equity allocation between common and preferred stock and thereby estimate the fair value of our common stock. We made this change because we had begun to consider a possible future initial public offering of our common stock. Both methods were weighted equally and the fair value of our common stock was calculated by taking the average value calculated under each method. This adjustment in our methodology did not have a significant effect on the estimated fair

50



value of our common stock. We continued to use this method of allocating value between preferred and common stock for all subsequent valuations.

        Under the probability-weighted model, we estimated three potential outcomes for our company, which were an initial public offering, a sale of the company or continuing to operate as a private company. The weighted-probabilities we associated with these scenarios were 70%, 20% and 10%, respectively.

        Under the option-pricing method, the primary assumptions are the volatility of the total equity value of the company and the time to an expected liquidity event. We utilized a volatility of 60%, which was based on the volatilities of the stock prices of the peer group, in our August 31, 2007 valuation and for all subsequent valuations. The time to a liquidity event at each valuation was based on our expectations with respect to the timing of an initial public offering or sale of the company.

        Under the discounted cash flow method, we utilized a discount rate of 21% and our terminal value multiple was increased to 10.0. We determined to use a higher terminal value at this time because we believed it more closely reflected the EBITDA multiples of the comparable public companies in our peer group, which we significantly expanded for this valuation. Under the guideline company method, we expanded our peer group of comparable public companies to include a total of seven technology-enabled learning companies and seven high-growth consumer companies. The addition of these high-growth consumer companies to our peer group reflected our views at that time about our company, its growth potential and its positioning. The addition of these high-growth consumer companies resulted in an increase in our average trailing twelve month EBITDA multiple to 17.5, while the average trailing twelve month revenue multiple decreased slightly to 1.8. In this valuation, we also began to consider market multiples on expected future revenue and EBITDA in our guideline company analysis. The multiples on expected future revenue and EBITDA for the following fiscal year were 1.4 and 11.5, respectively, as of the valuation date. Under the comparative transaction method, we utilized average trailing twelve month revenue and EBITDA multiples of 1.8 and 17.0, respectively. Our trailing twelve months revenue increased by 9%, while our trailing twelve months EBITDA decreased by 20%, from the previous valuation. Our forecasted revenue and EBITDA for 2008 through 2010 was cumulatively reduced by 4% and 41%, respectively, from our forecast at the previous valuation date due to lower than expected growth in 2007. We also began to determine the discount for lack of liquidity based on a Black-Scholes put option model, and we continued to use this model for all subsequent valuations. The discount for lack of marketability was increased to 22% from the prior valuation based on this analysis and reflecting an extension of our expected timing of our potential future initial public offering. Based upon these factors, the fair value of our common stock per share as of August 31, 2007 increased to $13.78 per share. The increase was primarily driven by the significant increase in market-based EBITDA multiples of our comparable peer group as well as the increase in our discounted cash flow analysis, which was primarily due to the increase in the terminal value multiple.

        On November 30, 2007, the board of directors performed a contemporaneous valuation of our common stock. Under the discounted cash flow method, we reduced the discount rate to 20%, while the terminal value factor was unchanged from the previous valuation. Under the guideline company method, the peer group was unchanged and the average implied multiple for revenue remained consistent with the previous value, although the average implied multiple of EBITDA increased to 20.5, and the average multiples of expected revenue and EBTIDA were 1.4 and 12.5, respectively. Under the comparative transaction method, we did not change the revenue and EBITDA multiples from the previous valuation. Our trailing twelve months revenue increased by 7% and trailing twelve months EBITDA decreased by 19%, while our forecasted revenue and EBITDA for 2008 through 2010 was unchanged from our forecast at the prior valuation date. We reduced the discount for the lack of

51


marketability of our common stock to 20%, as we felt that we were closer to an initial public offering. The scenarios and probability weighting in our probability-weighted expected return model and the assumptions in our option-pricing model were unchanged from the previous valuation. Based on these factors, the fair value of our common stock increased to $14.55 per share.

        On January 31, 2008, the board of directors performed a contemporaneous valuation of our common stock. Under the discounted cash flow method, our discount rate and terminal value multiple was unchanged from the previous valuation. Under the guideline company method, the peer group was unchanged and our average implied multiples for trailing twelve months revenue and EBITDA decreased to 1.5 and 12.5, respectively, and the average multiples of expected revenue and EBTIDA were 1.3 and 11.5, respectively. Under the comparative transaction method, our average trailing twelve month revenue was unchanged, however, we reduced our EBITDA multiple to 12.5, based on changes in market conditions. Our trailing twelve months revenue and EBITDA increased by 10% and 83%, respectively. Our forecasted revenue for 2008 through 2010 was unchanged and our forecasted EBITDA for 2008 through 2010 declined by 1% from our forecast on the previous valuation date. We increased the discount for the lack of marketability of our common stock to 24% as our estimated date for an initial public offering was extended. The scenarios and probability weighting in our probability-weighted expected return model and the assumptions in our option-pricing model were unchanged from the previous valuation, except that the estimated timing of the potential initial public offering was extended. Based on these factors, the fair value of our common stock per share increased to $15.13 per share.

        On April 30, 2008, the board of directors performed a contemporaneous valuation of our common stock. Under the discounted cash flow method, we utilized a discount rate to 21%, while the terminal value multiple was unchanged from the previous valuation. Under the guideline company method, the peer group was unchanged. Our average implied multiples for trailing twelve months revenue and EBITDA were 1.2 and 12.5, respectively, and the average multiples for expected revenue and EBITDA were 1.1 and 9.5, respectively. Under the comparative transaction method, based on continuing changes in market conditions, we utilized average trailing twelve month revenue and EBITDA multiples of 1.4 and 14.5, respectively. Our trailing twelve months revenue increased by 5%, while our trailing twelve months EBITDA decreased by 19%. Our forecasted revenue for 2008 through 2010 was unchanged from our estimate on the prior valuation date, although our cumulative forecasted EBITDA for the same period was reduced by 8%. We reduced the discount for the lack of marketability of our common stock to 22%, as we felt that were closer to an initial public offering. The scenarios and probability weighting in our probability-weighted expected return model and the assumptions in our option-pricing model were unchanged from the previous valuation. As a result of these factors, the fair value of our common stock decreased to $13.47 per share.

        On July 31, 2008, the board of directors performed a contemporaneous valuation of our common stock. Under the discounted cash flow method, we reduced the discount rate to 18%, while the terminal value multiple was unchanged from the previous valuation. Under the guideline company method, the peer group was unchanged and our average implied multiples for trailing twelve months revenue and EBITDA were 1.7 and 11.5, respectively, and the average multiples for expected revenue and EBITDA were to 1.3 and 9.0, respectively. Under the comparative transaction method, based on continuing changes in market conditions, we utilized average trailing twelve month revenue and EBITDA multiples of 1.75 and 12.5, respectively. Our trailing twelve months revenue increased by 12%

52


and EBITDA increased by 67% from the previous valuation. We also increased our revenue and EBITDA forecast for 2008 through 2010 by 4% and 18%, respectively. The discount for the lack of marketability of our common stock declined from the prior valuation to 19%. The scenarios and probability weighting in our probability-weighted expected return model and the assumptions in our option-pricing model were unchanged from the previous valuation. Based on these factors, the fair value of our common stock per share increased to $18.49. The increase in the fair value of our common stock was primarily due to the significant increase in our trailing twelve months and future expected EBITDA.

        On October 31, 2008, the board of directors performed a contemporaneous valuation of our common stock. Under the discounted cash flow method, our discount rate and terminal value multiple were unchanged from the previous valuation. Under the guideline company method, we added two additional technology-enabled learning public companies and eliminated the consumer companies from our peer group. We eliminated the consumer companies from our peer group because we felt that they no longer were representative comparables for our company, particularly in light of their generally slowing growth rates. Our average implied multiples, based on the modified peer group, for trailing twelve months revenue and EBITDA were 1.7 and 9.5, respectively, and the average multiples for future expected revenue and EBITDA were 1.2 and 7.5, respectively. Under the comparative transaction method, we did not change the revenue and EBITDA multiples from the previous valuation. Our trailing twelve months revenue increased by 16% and EBITDA increased by 42% from the previous valuation. We also increased our revenue and EBITDA forecast for 2008 through 2010 by 9% and 21%, respectively. The discount for the lack of marketability of our common stock remained at 19%. The scenarios and probability weighting in our probability-weighted expected return model and the assumptions in our option-pricing model were unchanged from the previous valuation, except that the estimated timing of the potential initial public offering was extended again. Based on these factors, the fair value of our common stock per share increased to $22.74. The increase in the fair value of our common stock was primarily due to the continued increase in our trailing twelve months and future expected EBITDA.

    Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

        Accounts receivable consist of amounts due to us from our normal business activities, which include credit card receivables and amounts due from our institutional customers and retailers. We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts to reflect the expected non-collection of accounts receivable based on past collection history and specific risks identified.

    Inventories

        We state inventories at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in first-out basis, or market. We review inventory for excess quantities and obsolescence based on our best estimates of future demand, product lifecycle status and product development plans. We use historical information along with these future estimates to reserve for obsolete and potential obsolete inventory.

    Intangible Assets

        Intangible assets consist of acquired technology, including developed and core technology, customer related assets, trade names and trademarks and other intangible assets. We record intangible assets at cost and amortize them on a straight line basis over their expected lives in accordance with SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets . We review our indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis based on the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets compared to the carrying value in accordance with SFAS No. 142. In the event such cash flows are not expected to

53



be sufficient to recover the recorded value of the assets, we write down the assets to their net realizable values. Based on our analysis, we believe our intangible assets have not been impaired during any of the periods presented.

    Goodwill

        In accordance with SFAS No. 142, goodwill is not amortized and is tested for impairment annually on June 30th and whenever events and circumstances occur indicating goodwill might be impaired. As of June 30, 2006, 2007 and 2008, we reviewed the goodwill for impairment and determined that no impairment of goodwill had occurred during any of the periods presented.

    Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

        We evaluate the recoverability of our long-lived assets in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets . SFAS No. 144 requires recognition of impairment of long-lived assets in the event that the net book value of such assets exceeds the future undiscounted net cash flows attributable to such assets. In accordance with SFAS No. 144, we recognize impairment, if any, in the period of identification to the extent the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the fair value of such asset. Based on our analysis, we believe that no impairment of our long-lived assets was indicated as of December 31, 2007 and 2008.

    Income Taxes

        For the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, the Predecessor made no provision for federal income taxes because it was treated as an S corporation for purposes of federal income taxes. It was also treated as an S corporation for most state income taxes, but some states do not recognize S corporation status and tax S corporations the same as C corporations. Federal and most state income taxes were the responsibility of the Predecessor's stockholders, who were responsible for reporting their allocable shares of the Predecessor's income and deductions in their respective income tax returns. Income tax expense for the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006 was related to state income taxes from states that do not recognize the S corporation status.

        For the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006, the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, we accounted for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes , which provides for an asset and liability approach to accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax consequences of the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities versus the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Under this method, we recognize deferred tax assets for deductible temporary differences, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. We recognize deferred liabilities for taxable temporary differences. We reduce deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of our management, it is more likely than not that we will not realize some portion or all of the deferred tax assets. We recognize the impact of tax rate changes on deferred tax assets and liabilities in the year that the change is enacted.

        In June 2006, the FASB issued FIN No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 , which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109. FIN No. 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures, and transition. FIN No. 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The adoption of FIN No. 48 did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

54


Internal Control over Financial Reporting

        Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable annual and interim financial reports and to prevent fraud. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our operating results and financial condition could be materially misstated and our reputation could be significantly harmed. As a private company, we were not subject to the same standards applicable to a public company. As a public company, we will be subject to requirements and standards set by the SEC.

        In relation to our consolidated financial statements for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the year ended December 31, 2007, we identified material weaknesses in our internal controls. As of December 31, 2008, we believe we have remediated all material weaknesses that we identified in previous years and we have not identified any new outstanding material weaknesses as of December 31, 2008. A material weakness is defined as a significant deficiency or combination of significant deficiencies, that results in a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented by our internal control over financial reporting. A significant deficiency means a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, that adversely affects our ability to initiate, record, process or report financial data reliably in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles such that there is more than a remote likelihood that a misstatement of our financial statements that is more than inconsequential will not be prevented or detected by our internal control over financial reporting.

        We identified the following material weaknesses as of December 31, 2007, which we believe have been remediated as of December 31, 2008:

        In addition, we had a significant deficiency in our financial closing process at December 31, 2007, which had been classified as a material weakness at December 31, 2006. We believe this significant deficiency has also been remediated as of December 31, 2008. The material weaknesses over accounting for inventory, income taxes and stock based compensation were identified during 2007 and were not outstanding at December 31, 2006.

    Remediation Efforts

        We began our initial evaluation of our system of internal control over financial reporting with the assistance of independent third-party consultants in late 2006 and have continued these efforts through December 31, 2008. This evaluation consists of a detailed review of current processes and controls, and the identification and evaluation of the deficiencies affecting our financial statements.

55


        We have taken steps to remediate material weaknesses in the areas of accounting for inventory, income taxes and stock-based compensation and general computer controls, including:

        During 2008, we focused our remediation efforts on the design and implementation and testing the effectiveness of our general computer controls and enterprise resource planning system controls.

        The process of improving our internal controls has required and will continue to require us to expend significant resources to design, implement and maintain a system of internal controls that is adequate to satisfy our reporting obligations as a public company. As a private company, we were not subject to the same internal control standards applicable to a public company. Upon completion of this offering, we will become subject to the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Section 404, which will require our management to assess the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting after a phase-in period applicable to all companies after filing an initial public offering. There can be no assurance that the remediation efforts we have taken during 2008 have been successful in meeting this standard. Material weaknesses and other deficiencies in our internal controls could cause investors to lose confidence in our financial reporting, particularly as a result of inaccurate financial reporting, and also cause our stock price to decline. Material weaknesses in our internal controls may impede our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements, which could cause us to fail to file our periodic reports timely, result in inaccurate financial reporting or restatements of our financial statements, subject our stock to delisting and materially harm our business reputation and our stock price. We will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting on an ongoing basis.

56


Results of Operations

        The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of operations for the periods indicated.

 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
  Period from
January 1,
through
January 4,
2006
  Period from
January 4,
through
December 31,
2006
  Year Ended
December 31,
2007
  Year Ended
December 31,
2008
 
 
  (in thousands)
 

Revenue:

                         
 

Product

  $ 178   $ 80,604   $ 119,897   $ 184,182  
 

Subscription and service

    94     10,694     17,424     25,198  
                   
   

Total revenue

    272     91,298     137,321     209,380  

Cost of revenue:

                         
 

Cost of product revenue

    199     11,549     19,055     26,539  
 

Cost of subscription and service revenue

    4     992     1,632     2,137  
                   
   

Total cost of revenue

    203     12,541     20,687     28,676  
                   

Gross profit

    69     78,757     116,634     180,704  
                   

Operating expenses:

                         
 

Sales and marketing

    695     45,854     65,437     93,384  
 

Research and development

    41     8,117     12,893     18,387  
 

Acquired in-process research and development

        12,597          
 

General and administrative

    142     16,590     29,786     39,577  
 

Lease abandonment

                1,831  
 

Transaction-related expenses

    10,315              
                   
     

Total operating expenses

    11,193     83,158     108,116     153,179  
                   

Income (loss) from operations

    (11,124 )   (4,401 )   8,518     27,525  

Other income and expense:

                         
 

Interest income

        613     673     454  
 

Interest expense

        (1,560 )   (1,331 )   (891 )
 

Other (expense) income

    3     60     154     239  
                   
     

Total interest and other income (expense), net

    3     (887 )   (504 )   (198 )
                   

Income (loss) before income taxes

    (11,121 )   (5,288 )   8,014     27,327  

Income tax expense (benefit)

        (1,240 )   5,435     13,435  
                   

Net income (loss)

  $ (11,121 ) $ (4,048 ) $ 2,579   $ 13,892  
                   

Stock-based compensation expense included in:

                         

Cost of revenue

 
$

 
$

1
 
$

2
 
$

2
 

Sales and marketing

        59     189     153  

Research and development

        128     360     482  

General and administrative

        373     776     953  

Transaction-related expenses

    5,930              
                   
   

Total stock-based compensation expense

  $ 5,930   $ 561   $ 1,327   $ 1,590  
                   

Intangible amortization expense included in:

                         

Cost of revenue

 
$

 
$

1,213
 
$

1,227
 
$

13
 

Sales and marketing

        4,113     3,596     3,003  
                   
   

Total intangible amortization expense

  $   $ 5,326   $ 4,823   $ 3,016  
                   

57


        The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of operations data expressed as a percentage of total revenue for the periods indicated.

 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
  Period from
January 1,
through
January 4,
2006
  Period from
January 4,
through
December 31,
2006
  Year Ended
December 31,
2007
  Year Ended
December 31,
2008
 

Revenue:

                         
 

Product

    65 %   88 %   87 %   88 %
 

Subscription and service

    35     12     13     12  
                   
   

Total revenue

    100     100     100     100  

Cost of revenue:

                         
 

Cost of product revenue

    73     13     14     13  
 

Cost of subscription and service revenue

    1     1     1     1  
   

Total cost of revenue

    75     14     15     14  
                   

Gross profit

    25     86     85     86  
                   

Operating expenses:

                         
 

Sales and marketing

    256     50     48     45  
 

Research and development

    15     9     9     9  
 

Acquired in-process research and development

        14          
 

General and administrative

    52     18     22     19  
 

Lease abandonment

                1  
 

Transaction-related expenses

    3,792              
                   
     

Total operating expenses

    4,115     91     79     73  
                   

Income (loss) from operations

    (4,090 )   (5 )   6     13  

Other income and expense:

                         
 

Interest income

        1     1     0  
 

Interest expense

        (2 )   (1 )   0  
 

Other income

    1     0     0     0  
                   
     

Total interest and other (expense) income, net

    1     (1 )   0     0  
                   

Income (loss) before income taxes

    (4,089 )   (6 )   6     13  

Income tax expense (benefit)

        (1 )   4     6  
                   

Net income (loss)

    (4,089 )%   (4 )%   2 %   7 %
                   

58


Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2008 and the Year Ended December 31, 2007

 
  Year Ended December 31,    
   
 
 
  2007   2008   Change   % Change  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Product revenue

  $ 119,897     87.3 % $ 184,182     88.0 % $ 64,285     53.6 %

Subscription and service revenue

    17,424     12.7     25,198     12.0     7,774     44.6  
                             
 

Total revenue

  $ 137,321     100.0 % $ 209,380     100.0 % $ 72,059     52.5  
                             

Revenue by sales channel:

                                     

Direct-to-consumer

  $ 61,950     45.1 % $ 96,702     46.2 % $ 34,752     56.1  

Kiosk

    23,947     17.4     36,314     17.3     12,367     51.6  

Retail

    21,206     15.4     34,638     16.5     13,432     63.3  
                             
 

Total consumer

    107,103     78.0     167,654     80.1     60,551     56.5  

Institutional

    30,218     22.0     41,726     19.9     11,508     38.1  
                             

Total revenue

  $ 137,321     100.0 % $ 209,380     100.0 % $ 72,059     52.5  
                             

    Revenue

        Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $209.4 million, an increase of $72.1 million, or 53%, from the year ended December 31, 2007.

        Consumer revenue was $167.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, an increase of $60.6 million, or 57%, from the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase in consumer revenue was attributable to a 22% increase in unit sales, which resulted in a $23.7 million increase in revenue, combined with a 28% increase in the average selling price of each unit, which accounted for a $36.9 million increase in revenue. Unit growth was driven by the expansion of our direct advertising campaign as well as growth in our retail distribution network. Direct advertising expenses increased 38% to $33.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2008, while the number of kiosks increased from 86 to 150 from December 31, 2007 to December 31, 2008. We also received a $2.6 million initial stocking order from Barnes & Noble in June 2008 to support their expansion of our product line to over 650 of their stores nationally.

        In August 2007, we released our Version 3 solution for ten of our best selling languages. All Version 3 solutions include three course levels, while our Version 2 solutions only include one or two course levels. Upon the release of a language in Version 3, we discontinue selling that language in Version 2 and, as a result, sales of Version 3 products replace sales of Version 2 products for that language. Our solutions are often purchased in sets including all available course levels for a language. The additional levels included in Version 3 enabled us to offer additional languages with three course levels, resulting in a greater number of available products at our highest price point for a complete set. In March 2008, we released Version 3 in four additional languages and, in June 2008, we released seven additional Version 3 languages. Also in June 2008, we released our Audio Companion practice tool product for all 14 then-available Version 3 languages. In September 2008, we released Version 3 and our Audio Companion in seven additional languages. This expansion of our product portfolio with higher price point options has resulted in the 28% increase in average selling price per unit for the year ended December 31, 2008.

        Product revenue represented 94% of total consumer revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008, with the balance attributable to subscription and service revenue.

59


        Institutional revenue was $41.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, an increase of $11.5 million, or 38%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase in institutional revenue was primarily due to the expansion of our direct sales force. As a result, we had a $9.4 million increase in education and home school revenue and a $1.6 million increase in corporate revenue.

        Product revenue represented 65% of total institutional revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008, and subscription and service revenue represented 35% for the same period.

    Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit

 
  Year Ended
December 31,
   
   
 
 
  2007   2008   Change   % Change  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Revenue:

                         
 

Product

  $ 119,897   $ 184,182   $ 64,285     53.6 %
 

Subscription and service

    17,424     25,198     7,774     44.6  
                     
   

Total revenue

    137,321     209,380     72,059     52.5  

Cost of revenue:

                         
 

Cost of product revenue

    19,055     26,539     7,484     39.3  
 

Cost of subscription and service revenue

    1,632     2,137     505     30.9  
                     
   

Total cost of revenue

    20,687     28,676     7,989     38.6  
                     

Gross profit

  $ 116,634   $ 180,704   $ 64,070        
                     

Gross margin percentages

    84.9 %   86.3 %   1.4 %      

        Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $28.7 million, an increase of $8.0 million, or 38.6%, from the year ended December 31, 2007. As a percentage of total revenue, cost of revenue was 14% for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to 15% for the year ended December 31, 2007. The dollar increase in cost of revenue was attributable to growth in unit sales. The increase in gross margin percentage was due to a $0.9 million write down of inventory in the 2007 period associated with the transition from Version 2 to Version 3 product and packaging.

    Operating Expenses

 
  Year Ended
December 31,
   
   
 
 
  2007   2008   Change   % Change  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Sales and marketing

  $ 65,437   $ 93,384   $ 27,947     42.7 %

Research and development

    12,893     18,387     5,494     42.6  

General and administrative

    29,786     39,577     9,791     32.9  

Lease abandonment

        1,831     1,831     100.0  
                     

Total operating expenses

  $ 108,116   $ 153,179   $ 45,063     41.7  
                     

        Sales and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008 were $93.4 million, an increase of $27.9 million, or 43%, from the year ended December 31, 2007. As a percentage of total revenue, sales and marketing expenses were 45% for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to 48% for the year ended December 31, 2007. The dollar increase in sales and marketing expenses was primarily attributable to the continued expansion of our direct marketing activities. Advertising expenses grew by $9.3 million and were primarily related to the purchase of additional television media.

60


We also expanded the number of our kiosks from 86 as of December 31, 2007 to 150 as of December 31, 2008, which resulted in $7.9 million of additional kiosk operating expenses, including sales compensation related expenses. Personnel costs related to growth in our institutional sales channel and marketing and sales support activities also increased by $7.7 million.

        Research and development expenses were $18.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, an increase of $5.5 million, or 43%, from the year ended December 31, 2007. As a percentage of total revenue, research and development expenses were 9% for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007. The dollar increase was primarily attributable to additional personnel and contract development costs associated with the transition of Version 2 languages to Version 3, as well as the development of new products and services that are complementary to our existing solutions.

        General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008 were $39.6 million, an increase of $9.8 million, or 33%, from the year ended December 31, 2007. As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased to 19% for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to 22% for the year ended December 31, 2007. The dollar increase was primarily attributable to a $4.3 million increase in personnel-related costs as we expanded our finance, information technology and other administrative functions to support the overall growth in our business, and a corresponding increase in communications, travel and other support costs of $4.4 million. Depreciation expense also increased $0.9 million and bad debt expense increased $0.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2008 as a result of greater capital expenditures and credit sales. We also incurred an additional $1.0 million in legal fees related to trademark protection matters. This increase was partially offset by decreased professional service expenses of $0.2 million as we replaced contract staff with employees.

        Lease abandonment expense associated with the relocation of our headquarters was $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, consisting of accrued exit costs and liabilities under operating lease agreements.

    Interest and Other Income (Expense)

 
  Year Ended December 31,    
   
 
 
  2007   2008   Change   % Change  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Interest income

  $ 673   $ 454   $ (219 )   (32.5 )%

Interest expense

    (1,331 )   (891 )   440     (33.1 )

Other income

    154     239     85     55.2  
                     

Total

  $ (504 ) $ (198 ) $ 306     (60.7 )
                     

        Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $0.9 million, a decrease of $0.4 million, or 33%, from the year ended December 31, 2007. The decrease was due to a reduction in the outstanding balance of our long-term debt as a result of $3.4 million in principal payments during the period.

    Income Tax Expense

 
  Year Ended December 31,    
   
 
 
  2007   2008   Change   % Change  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Income tax expense

  $ 5,435   $ 13,435   $ 8,000     147.2 %

61


        Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $13.4 million, an increase of $8.0 million, or 147%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase was the result of an increase of $19.3 million in pre-tax income for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to the year ended December 31, 2007. Our effective tax rate decreased to 49.2% for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to 67.8% for the year ended December 31, 2007 as a result of a decline in the percentage of foreign losses relative to total consolidated income before tax. We do not currently recognize income tax benefits on losses in our foreign subsidiaries.

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2007 and the Period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006

    Revenue

 
  Period from
January 4, through
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

   
   
 
 
  2006   2007   Change   % Change  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Revenue:

                                     
 

Product

  $ 80,604     88.3 % $ 119,897     87.3 % $ 39,293     48.7 %
 

Subscription and service

    10,694     11.7     17,424     12.7     6,730     62.9  
                             
   

Total revenue

  $ 91,298     100.0 % $ 137,321     100.0 % $ 46,023     50.4  
                             

Revenue by sales channel:

                                     

Direct-to-consumer

  $ 41,134     45.1 % $ 61,950     45.1 % $ 20,816     50.6  

Kiosk

    17,055     18.7     23,947     17.4     6,892     40.4  

Retail

    9,694     10.6     21,206     15.4     11,512     118.8  
                             
 

Total consumer

    67,883     74.4     107,103     78.0     39,220     57.8  

Institutional

    23,415     25.6     30,218     22.0     6,803     29.1  
                             

Total revenue

  $ 91,298     100.0 % $ 137,321     100.0 % $ 46,023     50.4  
                             

        Total revenue was $137.3 million, an increase of $46.0 million, or 50%, from the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006.

        Consumer revenue in 2007 was $107.1 million, an increase of $39.2 million, or 58%, from the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006. The increase in consumer revenue was due to a 37% increase in unit sales, which resulted in a $25.4 million increase in revenue, combined with a 15% increase in the average selling price per unit, which accounted for a $13.8 million increase in revenue. Our unit growth was driven by the expansion of our direct advertising campaigns as advertising expenses increased by 51% to $24.5 million in 2007. Kiosk locations grew slightly from 81 at December 31, 2006 to 86 at December 31, 2007. Sales through our retailer partners increased 119% due to the expansion of our retail presence, increased advertising and brand awareness and increased sales by our existing retailers and distributors.

        The increase in our average selling price per unit was attributable to the release of Version 3 in August 2007. Upon the release of a language in Version 3, we discontinue selling that language in Version 2, and as a result, sales of Version 3 products replace sales of Version 2 products for that language. Version 3 includes three course levels for all languages, while our Version 2 languages were only available in one or two course levels. We often sell our solutions in a set comprising all course levels for a specific language, so increasing the available course levels to three also increased the price

62



of a complete set of courses for a Version 3 language and resulted in higher average dollar value per sale.

        Product revenue represented 95% of total consumer revenue for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 with the balance attributable to subscription and service revenue.

        Institutional revenue in 2007 was $30.2 million, an increase of $6.8 million, or 29%, from the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006. The increase in institutional revenue was primarily attributed to the expansion of our direct sales force. As a result, government revenue increased by $2.2 million, education and home school revenue increased by $3.1 million and corporate revenue increased by $1.5 million. Although directed at the consumer markets, we believe our consumer marketing campaigns continue to positively impact our brand recognition, which also contributes to increased sales in our institutional markets.

        Product revenue represented 60% and 68% of total institutional revenue for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and subscription and service revenue represented 40% and 32% for the same periods. The increase in subscription and service revenue as a percentage of total institutional revenue was attributable to growth in the government and corporate customer bases.

    Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit

 
  Period from
January 4, through
December 31,
2006
  Year Ended
December 31,
2007
  Change   % Change  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Revenue:

                         
 

Product

  $ 80,604   $ 119,897   $ 39,293     48.7 %
 

Subscription and service

    10,694     17,424     6,730     62.9  
                     
   

Total revenue

    91,298     137,321     46,023     50.4  

Cost of revenue:

                         
 

Cost of product revenue

    11,549     19,055     7,506     65.0  
 

Cost of subscription and service revenue

    992     1,632     640     64.5  
                     
   

Total cost of revenue

    12,541     20,687     8,146     65.0  
                     

Gross profit

  $ 78,757   $ 116,634   $ 37,877        
                     

Gross margin percentage

    86.3 %   84.9 %   (1.4 )%      

        Cost of revenue in 2007 was $20.7 million, an increase of $8.1 million, or 65%, from the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 to December 31, 2007. As a percentage of total revenue, cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007 increased to 15% from 14% for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006. The dollar increase in cost of revenue in 2007 compared to the 2006 period was primarily attributable to increased unit sales. The reduction of gross profit in 2007 was primarily due to slightly higher per-unit costs related to the inclusion of an audio headset with the Version 3 software product. We released Version 3 in ten of our best selling languages in August 2007. We also incurred a write-down of inventory of $0.9 million associated with the transition from Version 2 to Version 3 product and product packaging.

63


    Operating Expenses

 
  Period from
January 4 through
December 31,
2006
  Year Ended
December 31,
2007
  Change   % Change  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Sales and marketing

  $ 45,854   $ 65,437   $ 19,583     42.7 %

Acquired in-process research and development

    12,597         (12,597 )   (100.0 )

Research and development

    8,117     12,893     4,776     58.8  

General and administrative

    16,590     29,786     13,196     79.5  
                     
 

Total operating expenses

  $ 83,158   $ 108,116   $ 24,958     30.0  
                     

        Sales and marketing expenses in 2007 were $65.4 million, an increase of $19.6 million, or 43%, from the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006. As a percentage of total revenue, sales and marketing expenses decreased to 48% in 2007 as compared to 50% for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006. The dollar increase was primarily attributable to an increase in advertising expenses of $8.3 million, or 51%, resulting from continued expansion of our television, print, radio and online advertising as well as an increase in personnel related costs of $4.6 million as we continued to add new personnel to manage our expanded sales and marketing activities, which included the opening of our Tokyo office in May 2007 and growth in our London office. In connection with our international expansion, we also incurred $3.7 million of expenses to establish local sales and support call centers within each geographic region. Finally, we increased our marketing and public relations expenses by $1.5 million related to a rebranding of our products in association with the launch of Version 3 in August 2007.

        On January 4, 2006, we acquired all of the outstanding stock of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., along with its wholly owned subsidiary Fairfield & Sons, Limited. As a result of the acquisition, we allocated $12.6 million to acquired in-process research and development, which we expensed during the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006.

        Research and development expenses in 2007 were $12.9 million, an increase of $4.8 million, or 59%, as compared to the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006. As a percentage of total revenue, research and development expenses remained unchanged at 9% for the 2006 period and for 2007. The dollar increase was primarily attributable to additional personnel and contract development costs of $3.6 million, both of which were related to the development of Version 3. We initially released Version 3 in ten languages in August 2007 and continued development of additional Version 3 languages throughout the remainder of 2007.

        General and administrative expenses in 2007 increased $13.2 million, or 80%, to $29.8 million as compared to the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006. As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses increased to 22% in 2007 as compared to 18% for the period from January 4, 2006 to December 31, 2006. The increase was primarily attributable to increased personnel and recruiting costs of $4.7 million and increased professional service expenses of $4.4 million in order

64


to build our finance, information technology and other administrative functions to support the overall growth in our business and to enhance processes and controls.

    Interest and Other Income (Expense)

 
  Period from
January 4 through
December 31,
2006
  Year Ended
December 31,
2007
  Change   % Change  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Interest income

  $ 613   $ 673   $ 60     9.8 %

Interest expense

    (1,560 )   (1,331 )   229     (14.7 )

Other income (expense)

    60     154     94     156.7  
                     

Total

  $ (887 ) $ (504 ) $ 383     43.2  
                     

        Interest expense decreased $0.2 million, or 15%, for the year ended December 31, 2007 as compared to the period from January 4, 2006 to December 31, 2006 due to a reduction in the outstanding balance of our long-term debt, as a result of $2.6 million in principal payments during 2007.

    Income Tax Expense

 
  Period from
January 4 through
December 31,
2006
  Year Ended
December 31,
2007
  Change   % Change  
 
  (dollars in thousands)
 

Income tax expense (benefit)

  $ (1,240 ) $ 5,435   $ 6,675     538.3 %

        Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $5.4 million, an increase of $6.7 million, or 538%, compared to the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006. The increase was the result of an increase of $13.3 million in pre-tax income for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006. Our effective tax rate was 67.8% for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to 23.4% for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006. The increase in our effective tax rate was due to an increase in foreign losses, for which no income tax benefits are recognized, relative to total consolidated income before tax.

Period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006

        Activity for the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006 represents the results of operations for our Predecessor in 2006 prior to its acquisition by Rosetta Stone Inc. on January 4, 2006. During this period, our Predecessor incurred transaction-related expenses relating to the acquisition. Included in the expenses were $5.9 million related to restricted common stock, $3.1 million in cash bonuses and $1.2 million in acquisition-related bank fees.

Quarterly Results of Operations

        The following tables set forth unaudited quarterly consolidated statement of operations data for the four quarters of 2007 and 2008, as well as the percentage that each line item represented of our revenue. We have prepared the statement of operations data for each of these quarters on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and, in the opinion of the management, the statement of operations data includes all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the results of operations for these periods. This information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial

65


statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. These quarterly results of operations are not necessarily indicative of our operating results for any future period.

 
  Three Months Ended  
 
  March 31,
2007
  June 30,
2007
  September 30,
2007
  December 31,
2007
  March 31,
2008
  June 30,
2008
  September 30,
2008
  December 31,
2008
 
 
  (in thousands, except per share data)
 

Statement of Operations Data:

                                                 

Revenue:

                                                 
 

Product

  $ 25,192   $ 26,319   $ 30,323   $ 38,063   $ 30,218   $ 41,630   $ 53,139   $ 59,195  
 

Subscription and service

    3,894     4,099     4,486     4,945     5,367     6,112     6,664     7,055  
                                   
   

Total revenue

    29,086     30,418     34,809     43,008     35,585     47,742     59,803     66,250  

Cost of revenue:

                                                 
 

Cost of product revenue

    3,517     4,242     5,740     5,556     4,030     5,968     7,871     8,670  
 

Cost of subscription and service revenue

    231     327     578     496     506     577     705     349  
                                   
   

Total cost of revenue

    3,748     4,569     6,318     6,052     4,536     6,545     8,576     9,019  
                                   

Gross profit

    25,338     25,849     28,491     36,956     31,049     41,197     51,227     57,231  
                                   

Operating expenses:

                                                 
 

Sales and marketing

    13,506     14,808     17,080     20,043     18,045     21,737     25,727     27,875  
 

Research and development

    3,476     2,977     3,072     3,368     4,532     3,758     5,018     5,078  
 

General and administrative

    7,455     7,050     7,528     7,753     8,528     8,856     8,889     13,305  
 

Lease abandonment

                                1,831  
                                   
   

Total operating expenses

    24,437     24,835     27,680     31,164     31,105     34,351     39,634     48,089  
                                   

Income (loss) from operations

    901     1,014     811     5,792     (56 )   6,846     11,593     9,142  

Other income and expense:

                                                 
 

Interest income

    218     154     148     153     216     98     109     31  
 

Interest expense

    (382 )   (314 )   (329 )   (306 )   (296 )   (225 )   (194 )   (177 )
 

Other (expense) income

    32     2     152     (32 )   287     (175 )   (31 )   159  
                                   
   

Total interest and other income (expense), net

    (132 )   (158 )   (29 )   (185 )   207     (302 )   (116 )   13  
                                   

Income before income taxes

    769     856     782     5,607     151     6,544     11,477     9,155  

Income tax expense

    358     868     880     3,329     583     3,183     5,456     4,213  
                                   

Net income (loss)

    411     (12 )   (98 )   2,278     (432 )   3,361     6,021     4,942  

Preferred stock accretion

    (20 )   (20 )   (20 )   (20 )                
                                   

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

  $ 391   $ (32 ) $ (118 ) $ 2,258   $ (432 ) $ 3,361   $ 6,021   $ 4,942  
                                   

Income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:

                                                 
 

Basic

  $ 0.32   $ (0.03 ) $ (0.09 ) $ 1.59   $ (0.30 ) $ 2.30   $ 4.07   $ 3.32  
                                   
 

Diluted

  $ 0.03   $ (0.03 ) $ (0.09 ) $ 0.18   $ (0.30 ) $ 0.26   $ 0.46   $ 0.38  
                                   

Common shares and equivalents outstanding:

                                                 
 

Basic weighted average shares

    1,240     1,240     1,352     1,420     1,434     1,461     1,478     1,489  
                                   
 

Diluted weighted average shares

    12,479     1,240     1,352     12,895     1,434     12,944     13,024     13,110  
                                   

Other Data:

                                                 

Adjusted EBITDA

  $ 3,139   $ 3,265   $ 3,126   $ 8,238   $ 2,231   $ 8,789   $ 13,807   $ 11,602  
                                   

Stock-based compensation expense included in:

                                                 

Cost of revenue

  $ 1   $   $   $   $ 1   $   $ 1   $ 1  

Research and development

    69     70     75     145     80     137     127     138  

Sales and marketing

    35     35     29     90     33     36     43     41  

General and administrative

    174     124     142     338     219     236     226     270  
                                   
   

Total stock-based compensation expense

  $ 279   $ 229   $ 246   $ 573   $ 333   $ 409   $ 397   $ 450  
                                   

Intangible amortization expense included in:

                                                 

Cost of revenue

  $ 307   $ 306   $ 307   $ 307   $ 13   $   $   $  

Sales and marketing

    1,040     1,040     761     754     751     750     751     751  
                                   
   

Total intangible amortization expense

  $ 1,347   $ 1,346   $ 1,068   $ 1,061   $ 764   $ 750   $ 751   $ 751  
                                   

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  Three Months Ended  
 
  March 31,
2007
  June 30,
2007
  September 30,
2007
  December 31,
2007
  March 31,
2008
  June 30,
2008
  September 30,
2008
  December 31,
2008
 
 
  (in thousands)
 

Revenue:

                                                 
 

Product

    87 %   87 %   87 %   89 %   85 %   87 %   89 %   89 %
 

Subscription and service

    13     13     13     11     15     13     11     11  
                                   
   

Total

    100     100     100     100     100     100     100     100  

Cost of revenue:

                                                 
 

Cost of product revenue

    12     14     16     13     11     13     13     13  
 

Cost of subscription and service revenue

    1     1     2     1     1     1     1     1  
                                   
   

Total cost of revenue

    13     15     18     14     13     14     14     14  
                                   

Gross profit

    87     85     82     86     87     86     86     86  
                                   

Operating expenses:

                                                 
 

Sales and marketing

    46     49     49     47     51     46     43     42  
 

Research and development

    12     10     9     8     13     8     8     8  
 

General and administrative

    26     23     22     18     24     19     15     20  
 

Lease abandonment

                                3  
                                   
   

Total operating expenses

    84     82     80     72     87     72     66     73  
                                   

Income from operations

    3     3     2     13     0     14     19     14  

Other income and expense:

                                                 
 

Interest income

    1     1     0     0     1     0     0     0  
 

Interest expense

    (1 )   (1 )   (1 )   (1 )   (1 )   0     0     0  
 

Other income

    0     0     0     0     1     0     0     0  
                                   
   

Interest and other income (expense), net

    0     (1 )   0     0     1     (1 )   0     0  
                                   

Income before income taxes

    3     3     2     13     0     14     19     14  

Income tax expense (benefit)

    1     3     3     8     2     7     9     6  
                                   

Net income (loss)

    1     0     0     5     (1 )   7     10     8  

Preferred stock accretion

    0     0     0     0                  
                                   

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

    1 %   0 %   0 %   5 %   (1 )%   7 %   10 %   8 %
                                   

Other data:

                                                 

Adjusted EBITDA

    11 %   11 %   9 %   19 %   6 %   18 %   23 %   18 %
                                   

        The following table sets forth a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), the most comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated:

 
  Three Months Ended  
 
  March 31,
2007
  June 30,
2007
  September 30,
2007
  December 31,
2007
  March 31,
2008
  June 30,
2008
  September 30
2008
  December 31,
2008
 
 
  (in thousands)
 

Reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss):

                                                 

Net income (loss)

  $ 411   $ (12 ) $ (98 ) $ 2,278   $ (432 ) $ 3,361   $ 6,021   $ 4,942  

Interest expense, net

    164     160     181     153     80     127     85     146  

Income tax expense

    358     868     880     3,329     583     3,183     5,456     4,213  

Depreciation and amortization

    1,927     2,020     1,917     1,905     1,667     1,709     1,848     1,851  

Stock-based compensation

    279     229     246     573     333     409     397     450  
                                   

Adjusted EBITDA

  $ 3,139   $ 3,265   $ 3,126   $ 8,238   $ 2,231   $ 8,789   $ 13,807   $ 11,602  
                                   

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Other Factors that May Affect Comparability

    Public Company Expenses

        Upon consummation of our initial public offering, we will become a public company, and our shares of common stock will be publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange. As a result, we will need to comply with new laws, regulations and requirements that we did not need to comply with as a private company, including provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, other applicable SEC regulations and the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange. Compliance with the requirements of being a public company will require us to increase our general and administrative expenses in order to pay our employees, legal counsel and independent registered public accountants to assist us in, among other things, instituting and monitoring a more comprehensive compliance and board governance function, establishing and maintaining internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and preparing and distributing periodic public reports in compliance with our obligations under the federal securities laws. In addition, as a public company, it will be more expensive for us to obtain directors' and officers' liability insurance.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

        Our primary operating cash requirements include the payment of salaries, incentive compensation, employee benefits and other personnel-related costs, as well as direct advertising expenses, costs of office facilities and costs of information technology systems.

        Since our inception, we have financed our operations solely through cash flow from operations with the exception of the acquisition of the Predecessor which was funded in part through the sale of preferred and common stock and a $17.0 million term loan from Madison Capital Funding LLC. At December 31, 2008, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents totaling $30.6 million and a $4.0 million revolving credit facility, all of which remained available for borrowing at December 31, 2008.

        On January 16, 2009, we entered into a new secured credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., or Wells Fargo, that provides us with a $12.5 million revolving line of credit. This revolving credit facility has a two-year term and the applicable interest rate is 2.5% above one month LIBOR, or approximately 2.9% as of January 16, 2009. On January 16, 2009, we borrowed approximately $9.9 million under this revolving credit facility and used these funds to repay the entire outstanding principal and interest of the term loan we had with Madison Capital. As a result, we have no borrowings owed to Madison Capital under either their term loan or revolving credit facility, and we have terminated these credit agreements. The remaining balance of approximately $2.6 million under the Wells Fargo revolving credit facility is available to us for borrowing, although, we do not plan or expect to borrow any additional amounts under this credit facility in the foreseeable future. We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to repay all or a portion of our outstanding borrowings under this revolving credit facility.

        Our future capital requirements may vary materially from those now planned and will depend on many factors, including development of new products, market acceptance of our products, the levels of advertising and promotion required to launch additional products and improve our competitive position in the marketplace, the expansion of our sales, support and marketing organizations, the establishment of additional offices in the United States and worldwide and the building of infrastructure necessary to support our growth, the response of competitors to our products and our relationships with suppliers and clients. We have experienced increases in our expenditures consistent with the growth in our operations and personnel, and we anticipate that our expenditures will continue to increase in the future.

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    Cash Flow Analysis

    Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities

        Net cash provided by operating activities was $18.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Net cash provided by operating activities was primarily generated from net income as adjusted for depreciation and amortization and stock compensation expense. Net income totaled $13.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Depreciation, amortization and stock compensation expense for the period totaled $8.7 million. Increases in deferred revenue resulting from greater sales of subscription licenses also contributed to net cash provided by operations; the increase represented $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. As a result of the growth in our retail channel and institutional sales, accounts receivable increased by $16.5 million. This increase in accounts receivable was offset in part by increases in net liabilities associated with the expansion of our business.

        Net cash provided by operating activities was $15.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Net cash provided by operating activities was primarily generated from net income as adjusted for depreciation and amortization and stock compensation expense. Net income totaled $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Depreciation and amortization and stock compensation expense for the period aggregated to $9.1 million. Increases in deferred revenue resulting from greater sales of subscription licenses also contributed to net cash provided by operations; the increase represented $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. As a result of the growth in our business, we had increases in accounts receivable and inventory, offset in part by increases in net liabilities.

        For the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006, net cash generated from operating activities was $5.1 million. We incurred a net loss for the period of $4.0 million, which included a non-cash charge for acquired in-process research and development of $12.6 million and depreciation and amortization expense of $6.5 million. Deferred revenue also increased by $3.0 million due to greater sales of subscription licenses. These amounts were offset by a $5.2 million increase in accounts receivable due to greater sales, a $2.6 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets as a result of the expansion of our business and a $5.6 million deferred income tax benefit.

        For the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, net cash provided by operating activities by our Predecessor was $4.8 million. Net cash generated from operations included $5.9 million in stock compensation expense and $4.4 million in accrued compensation related to the Predecessor's acquisition by Rosetta Stone Inc. Accounts receivable also decreased by $4.1 million, which was offset by a $11.1 million net loss.

    Net Cash Used In Investing Activities

        Net cash used in investing activities was $1.2 million, $9.2 million and $7.0 million for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Our investing activities during these periods related to the purchase of property and equipment associated with the expansion of our information technology systems and our facilities as a result of our growth. Additionally, for the period from January 4, 2006 to December 31, 2006, net cash used in investing activities also included $2.4 million related to the acquisition of our Predecessor.

        For the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, net cash used in investing activities by our Predecessor was $2.5 million related to the payment of payroll taxes for employees and stockholders for restricted stock associated with its acquisition by Rosetta Stone Inc.

    Net Cash Used In Financing Activities

        Net cash used in financing activities was $1.8 million and $4.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Net cash used in financing activities during these periods was primarily related to principal payments on our long-term debt. Additionally, for the year ended December 31, 2008, net cash used in financing activities also included payments associated with our planned initial public offering.

69


        For the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006, net cash provided by financing activities was $13.1 million. Net cash provided by financing activities included $49.7 million in proceeds from the issuance of preferred and common stock and $17.0 million in proceeds from long-term borrowings, which we utilized to fund the acquisition of the Predecessor. These amounts were offset by an acquisition related debt payment of $51.9 million.

        For the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, net cash used in financing activities by the Predecessor was $3.8 million and related to the payment of a dividend to its stockholders.

        We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents and funds generated from our operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements at least through 2009. Thereafter, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private financings or increased borrowings to develop or enhance products, to fund expansion, to respond to competitive pressures or to acquire complementary products, businesses or technologies. If required, additional financing may not be available on terms that are favorable to us, if at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our stockholders will be reduced and these securities might have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our current stockholders. No assurance can be given that additional financing will be available or that, if available, such financing can be obtained on terms favorable to our stockholders and us.

        During the last three years, inflation and changing prices have not had a material effect on our business and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect our business in the foreseeable future.

    Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

        We do not engage in any off-balance sheet financing arrangements. We do not have any interest in entities referred to as variable interest entities, which include special purpose entities and other structured finance entities.

    Contractual Obligations

        The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at December 31, 2008 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods.

 
  Total   Less than
1 Year
  1 - 3 Years   3 - 5 Years   More than
5 Years
 
 
  (in thousands)
 

Long-term debt

  $ 9,910   $ 4,250   $ 5,660   $   $  

Operating lease obligations

    13,539     4,659     5,269     3,472     139  
                       

Total

  $ 23,449   $ 8,909   $ 10,929   $ 3,472   $ 139  
                       

        On January 4, 2006, we entered into a credit agreement for a $17.0 million term loan, or term loan, and a $4.0 million revolving credit facility, or revolver. The credit agreement was amended on August 2, 2007 and April 23, 2008 to amend some covenants, terms, and definitions. The term loan and revolver accrue interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin or the LIBOR rate plus the applicable margin, as specified by us. The base rate is defined as the greater of the published prime rate or the federal funds rate plus 0.5%. The applicable margin for any period is indexed to our debt-to-earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or debt-to-EBITDA, ratio. If the debt-to-EBITDA ratio is less than 1.5 to 1, the base rate applicable margin is equal to 1.75% and the LIBOR rate applicable margin is equal to 2.75%. If the debt-to-EBITDA ratio is greater than or equal to 1.5 to 1, the base and LIBOR rate applicable margins both increase by 0.25%. The applicable margin can increase by two percentage points per annum at any time that an event of default exists under the terms of the credit agreement. The interest rate on the term loan at December 31, 2008 was

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4.65%. The term loan has an escalating schedule of quarterly principal payments and matures in December 2010. We made principal payments of $1.1 million, $2.6 million and $3.4 million during the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008. The term loan also allows for voluntary prepayments without penalties or premium. Mandatory prepayments are required under some conditions, including the receipt of proceeds from a disposition, the issuance of equity securities, including this offering, and excess cash flows as defined in the credit agreement. Future payments under the term loan are subject to change due to the possible effects of the mandatory prepayment provisions. The outstanding balance of the term loan was $15.9 million at December 31, 2006, $13.3 million at December 31, 2007 and $9.9 million at December 31, 2008. The borrowings are secured by substantially all of our assets. The credit agreement contains financial covenants which include a fixed charge coverage ratio, minimum interest coverage ratio, maximum total debt to EBITDA ratio, minimum EBITDA and a limit on capital expenditures. We were in compliance with each of these financial covenants as of December 31, 2008. The amount of long-term debt obligations shown in the table above does not include any interest payments. We had no borrowings under the revolver as of December 31, 2006, 2007 or 2008.

        On January 16, 2009, we entered into a new credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., or Wells Fargo, that provides us with a $12.5 million revolving line of credit. This revolving credit facility has a two-year term and the applicable interest rate is 2.5% above one month LIBOR, or approximately 2.9% as of January 16, 2009. On January 16, 2009, we borrowed approximately $9.9 million under this revolving credit facility and used these funds to repay the entire outstanding principal and interest of the term loan we had with Madison Capital. As a result, we have no borrowings owed to Madison Capital under either their term loan or revolving credit facility, and we have terminated these credit agreements. The remaining balance of approximately $2.6 million under the Wells Fargo revolving credit facility is available to us for borrowing.

        The operating lease obligations reflected in the table above include our corporate office leases and site licenses for our kiosks.

    Recent Accounting Pronouncements

        In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements . SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Accordingly, SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements, but will potentially require additional disclosures. In February 2008, FASB issued a final FASB Staff Position, or FSP, No. FAS 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157. FSP 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS 157 for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. In addition, FSP 157-2 removes specified leasing transactions from the scope of SFAS No. 157. The effective date of SFAS No. 157 for nonfinancial assets and liabilities has been delayed by one year to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 and interim periods within those fiscal years. SFAS No. 157 for financial assets and liabilities is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of SFAS No. 157 for financial assets and liabilities did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows as of January 1, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact of SFAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and liabilities on our financial statements, but we do not believe there will be a material impact.

        In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations , which replaces SFAS No. 141. SFAS No. 141(R) establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer in a business combination recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any controlling interest; recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase; and determines what

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information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS No. 141(R) is to be applied prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after an entity's fiscal year that begins after December 15, 2008. We will assess the impact of SFAS No. 141(R) if and when a future acquisition occurs.

        In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51 . SFAS 160 establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Specifically, this statement requires the recognition of a noncontrolling interest, or minority interest, as equity in the consolidated financial statements and separate from the parent's equity. The amount of net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest will be included in consolidated net income on the face of the income statement. SFAS No. 160 clarifies that changes in a parent's ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial interest. In addition, this statement requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated. Such gain or loss will be measured using the fair value of the noncontrolling equity investment on the deconsolidation date. SFAS No. 160 also includes expanded disclosure requirements regarding the interests of the parent and its noncontrolling interest. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is prohibited. We do not believe the adoption of SFAS No. 160 will have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

        In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 . SFAS No. 161 requires enhanced disclosures about an entity's derivative and hedging activities. SFAS No. 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. Entities are required to provide enhanced disclosures about how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133 and its related interpretations and how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity's financial position, financial performance and cash flows. We do not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 161 to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

        In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles . SFAS No. 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and provides the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. SFAS No. 162 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. We do not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 162 to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

        In May 2008, FASB issued Statement 163, "Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts". This new standard clarifies how FAS Statement No. 60, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises , applies to financial guarantee insurance contracts issued by insurance enterprises, including the recognition and measurement of premium revenue and claim liabilities. It also requires expanded disclosures about financial guarantee insurance contracts. The Statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We do not expect the adoption of SFAS 163 to have any impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

        In May 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position No. Accounting Principles Board 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement), which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. FSP APB 14-1

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clarifies that convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion are not addressed by paragraph 12 of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 14, Accounting for Convertible Debt and Debt Issued with Stock Purchase Warrants . FSP APB 14-1 also specifies that issuers of such instruments should separately account for the liability and equity components in a manner that will reflect the entity's nonconvertible debt borrowing rate when interest cost is recognized in subsequent periods. We do not expect the adoption of FSP APB 14-1 to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

        On October 10, 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-3, "Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset in a Market That Is Not Active." FSP FAS 157-3 was effective upon issuance, including periods for which financial statements have not been issued. FSP FAS 157-3 clarified the application of SFAS 157 in an inactive market and provided an illustrative example to demonstrate how the fair value of a financial asset is determined when the market for that financial asset is inactive. The adoption of FSP FAS 157-3 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

    Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

        The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The volatility of the prices and applicable rates are dependent on many factors that we cannot forecast with reliable accuracy. In the event our foreign sales and expenses increase, our operating results may be more greatly affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates of the currencies with which we do business. At this time we do not, but we may in the future, invest in derivatives or other financial instruments in an attempt to hedge our foreign currency exchange risk.

    Interest Rate Sensitivity

        Interest income and expense are sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. However, based on the nature and current level of our marketable securities, which are primarily short-term investment grade and government securities and our notes payable, we believe that there is no material risk of exposure.

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BUSINESS

Overview

        We are a leading provider of technology-based language learning solutions. We develop, market and sell language learning solutions consisting of software, online services and audio practice tools primarily under our Rosetta Stone brand. Our teaching method, which we call Dynamic Immersion , is designed to leverage the innate, natural language learning ability that children use to learn their native language. Our courses are based on our proprietary interactive technologies and pedagogical content, and utilize a sophisticated sequencing of images, text and sounds to teach a new language without translation or grammar explanation. We believe our award-winning solutions provide an effective, convenient and fun way to learn languages. We currently offer our self-study language learning solutions in 31 languages. Our customers include individuals, educational institutions, armed forces, government agencies and corporations.

        People throughout the world seek to learn foreign languages for a variety of reasons, including to learn about other cultures, to communicate with friends and family, to enhance their career prospects, to travel internationally and to obtain personal enjoyment and enrichment. According to a December 2007 industry analysis we commissioned from The Nielsen Company, a market research firm, which we refer to as the Nielsen survey, the language learning industry worldwide represented over $83 billion in consumer spending in 2007, of which more than $32 billion was for self-study. According to the Nielsen survey, the language learning industry in the United States, where we generated 95% of our revenue in 2008, represented over $5 billion in consumer spending in 2007, of which over $2 billion was for self-study.

        The strength and breadth of our solutions have allowed us to develop a business model that we believe distinguishes us from other language learning companies. Our scalable technology platform and our proprietary content can be deployed across many languages. This has enabled us to cost-effectively develop a broad product portfolio. We have a multi-channel marketing and distribution strategy that directly targets customers, utilizing print, online, television and radio advertising, public relations initiatives and our branded kiosks. Approximately 85% of our revenue in 2007 was generated through our direct sales channels, which include our call centers, websites, institutional sales force and kiosks. We also distribute our solutions through select retailers such as Amazon.com, Apple, Barnes & Noble and Borders. According to an August 2008 survey we commissioned from Global Market Insite Inc., or GMI, a market research services firm, Rosetta Stone is the most recognized language learning brand in the United States. The unaided awareness of our brand was over 40%, which was more than seven times that of any other language learning company in the United States. Additionally, of those surveyed who had an opinion of our brand, over 80% associated it with high quality and effective products and services for teaching foreign languages.

        We grew our revenue from our Predecessor's $25.4 million in 2004 to $209.4 million in 2008, representing a 68% compound annual growth rate. This growth has been entirely organic.

Our Industry

        Market Size.     According to the Nielsen survey, the worldwide language learning industry represented more than $83 billion in consumer spending in 2007, of which more than $32 billion was for self-study. The Nielsen survey also estimated that the language learning industry in the United States, where we generated 95% of our revenue in 2008, represented more than $5 billion in consumer spending in 2007, of which more than $2 billion was for self-study.

        The language learning market is highly fragmented and consists of the following primary models: classroom instruction utilizing the traditional approach of memorization, grammar and translation; immersion-based classroom instruction; self-study books, audio tapes and software that rely on

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grammar and translation; and free online offerings that provide basic content and opportunities to practice writing and speaking.

        Key Drivers of Demand in Language Learning Market.     We believe that language learning is becoming more important and valued by individuals and institutions in the United States and throughout the world. The demand for language learning is driven in part by:

        Limitations of Traditional Methods for Language Learning.     The human brain has a natural capacity to learn languages. Children learn their native language without using rote memorization or adult analytical abilities for grammatical understanding. They learn at their own pace through their immersion in the language spoken around them and using trial and error. They do not rely on translation. By contrast, foreign languages have traditionally been taught by focusing on memorization, grammar translation and word translation, typically in an academic classroom setting. This traditional method involves learning complex grammar rules, conjugating verbs and memorizing vocabulary lists. Students have little practice speaking or listening in the classroom, and practice outside the classroom typically involves rote listening to audio recordings and pronunciation exercises, with little or no feedback on pronunciation accuracy. Many students who were taught languages using the traditional method regard it as ineffective and boring.

        Emergence of Immersion Language Learning.     To address some of the shortcomings of traditional language learning methods, language learning specialists have developed an alternative method for teaching language known as immersion learning, in which only the target language is spoken. We believe that immersion learning is more effective than the traditional translation and grammar method in helping learners move towards conversational fluency. Immersion learning provides a more natural, direct learning environment, where the learner deduces meaning and develops an intuition of language structure. This is similar to the manner in which children learn their native language, without an awareness of formal grammar rules or the necessity to translate. Most immersion learning programs, however, require either one-on-one teaching, a small group course or travel to a foreign country. These programs can cost several thousand dollars and are less convenient than self-study alternatives.

        Use of Interactive Technologies.     There has been a rapid adoption of interactive technologies and software tools to help learning in both consumer and institutional markets, supported by the rapid increase in computing technologies and internet use. According to a 2008 report by Euromonitor International, Inc., a market research firm, there will be more than one billion personal computers in use, and 1.7 billion internet users, by 2009. Given busy lifestyles, adult language learners seek solutions that work flexibly and do not require physical classroom attendance. Educators are interested in deploying learning tools that are relevant to their students, who have had extensive exposure to computer software and interactive games. Corporations are recognizing the value and effectiveness of using their technology investment to help increase the skills of their workforce. According to a July 2007 report by Global Industry Analysts, Inc., a market research firm, the global demand for the

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delivery of instructional content through the use of electronic technology, or eLearning, will grow an average of 21% annually between 2007 and 2010, reaching a total estimated value of $53 billion by 2010.

        The Need for a High-Quality, Trusted Solution.     Consumers and institutions face a confusing array of alternatives when choosing a language course due to the fragmented nature of the language learning market. Most providers of language learning offer little information to potential customers about their teaching methods and do not have well known brands. The few major internationally known language learning providers generally offer only classroom instruction, which is not convenient for all prospective language learners. In addition, there are numerous self-study courses in the market available at a variety of price points, most of which are offered as audio and books and do not provide an interactive, immersion learning experience. There are also many community websites that provide free opportunities to practice.

        We believe that language learners seek a trusted name-brand solution that is more convenient and affordable than classroom alternatives, and more effective, interactive and engaging than other self-study options. We believe the combination of these elements is not offered by traditional providers of language instruction.

The Rosetta Stone Solution

        Our mission is to change the way people learn languages. We believe our solutions provide an effective way to learn languages in a convenient and engaging manner. Our approach, called Dynamic Immersion , eliminates translation and grammar explanation and is designed to leverage the innate, natural language learning ability that children use to learn their native language. We consider traditional translation and grammar methods as obstacles that delay and impede the successful acquisition of language proficiency, and our solutions avoid those elements. Our computer- based self-study courses allow our customers to learn using the immersion method on their own schedule and for a price that is significantly lower than most classroom-based or one-on-one alternatives. Although other audio and software publishers claim to teach with immersion methods, we believe that we are the only self-study solution that teaches strictly without any translation or explicit grammar explanations. Our proprietary solutions have been developed over the past 16 years by professionals with extensive linguistic, educational and instructional technology expertise. We estimate that our content library consists of more than 25,000 individual photographic images and more than 400,000 professionally recorded sound files. We design the sequencing of our content to optimize learning. The result is a rigorous and complete language learning curriculum that is also designed to be flexible, fun and convenient.

        Our language learning solutions are built upon a flexible software platform that supports multiple languages and is deployable on personal computers, on local networks and online. The platform incorporates a number of proprietary technologies that are key to enabling language learning, including:

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        Rosetta Stone offers a broad product suite, with courses currently available in 31 languages. Our courses are available in up to three levels of proficiency per language, with each level providing approximately 40 hours of instruction and containing multiple units, lessons and activities.

        We also provide an online peer-to-peer practice environment called SharedTalk , at www.sharedtalk.com , where registered language learners meet for language exchange to practice their foreign language skills. During 2008, we had more than 100,000 active SharedTalk users.

        Our innovative solutions have received numerous awards and recognitions, including the 2008 CODiE awards for best corporate learning solution and best instructional solution in other curriculum areas sponsored by the Software & Information Industry Association, the 2008 education product of the year awarded by MacWorld, the 2008 BESSIE multilevel foreign language award for Spanish Levels 1, 2, and 3 awarded by ComputED Gazette in 2008, the 2008 EDDIE Award for our classroom edition as the best foreign language website awarded by ComputED Gazette , the 2007 EDDIE multilevel foreign language award for Chinese levels 1 and 2 and a 2007 multilevel English-as-a-second-language, or ESL, award for English levels 1, 2, and 3 awarded by ComputED Gazette .

Competitive Strengths

        We consider the foundations of our success to be the quality and breadth of our solutions, the strength of our brand and our direct distribution model. Together, we believe these elements represent a business model with attractive economics that differentiates us from other language learning providers. The quality of our solutions supports our price point, which in turn allows us to deploy a multi-channel marketing effort and a broad-based direct distribution network. We focus on educating consumers about the benefits of our solutions by leveraging our advertising and our kiosk network to drive customers to our call centers and websites, where they can learn about our solutions, try product demonstrations and then transact directly with us.

        We believe our competitive strengths include:

        Advanced Technology-Enabled Language Learning System.     Our proprietary solutions combine effective immersion learning with the benefits of flexibility and interactivity to provide for an efficient and engaging language learning experience. We intend to remain at the forefront of technological and pedagogical advances in language learning.

        Scalable and Adaptable Platform and Content.     Our solutions are designed to be efficiently delivered across multiple languages, systems and geographic markets. For example, we deploy many of the same images and image combinations across multiple languages, which accelerates our ability to add new languages. Because our solutions do not rely upon translation from the target language into the learner's native language, they require only modest localization to be used by learners from other native language backgrounds. This facilitates our ability to sell our existing language courses in new international markets. In addition, our software platform is engineered to work in the same way both online and locally installed, allowing for multiple delivery methods. We also use the same platform for all editions of our solutions: personal, enterprise, classroom and home school.

        Effective Multi-Channel Marketing and Distribution Model.     We believe that our multi-channel marketing and distribution strategy is a competitive strength because it enables us to market and serve our diverse customer base more broadly and make marketing impressions with a high frequency and at a relatively low cost per impression. As compared to competitors that rely primarily on retailers or online vendors to sell their products, our direct marketing and distribution strategy enables us to exert more control over our own growth and the customer experience. Our marketing, sales and distribution efforts are highly integrated and focused on direct interaction with consumers. As a result, we are able to present a tightly controlled and unified message to the marketplace. Our television, online, print and radio advertising includes a "call to action" that drives customers directly to our websites and call centers, where we seek to convert them to sales. Our marketing tools and techniques allow us to

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attribute sales results to specific marketing initiatives. We utilize this data to continuously improve the efficiency of our websites, call centers, advertising and media planning and buying. We also operate more than 150 kiosks, which extend our direct interaction with customers and allow them to experience our solutions with the guidance of one of our product specialists. Our kiosks are located in airports, malls and other strategic, high-traffic locations. In our institutional markets, sales efforts are led by our direct sales force. We conduct our institutional marketing primarily through tradeshows and customer visits. Our marketing campaigns also support this channel. We augment our direct distribution network with select retailers, including Amazon.com, Apple, Barnes & Noble and Borders. During the year ended December 31, 2008, approximately 83% of our revenue came from our direct channels, including our websites, call centers, kiosks and institutional sales force, and the remainder was attributable to sales through retailers.

        Leading and Trusted Brand, with a Differentiated, High-Quality Positioning.     According to the GMI survey, Rosetta Stone is the most recognized brand of language learning solutions in the United States. Additionally, of those surveyed who had an opinion of our brand, over 80% associated the brand with high-quality and effective products and services for teaching foreign languages. We believe we have positioned Rosetta Stone as a premium brand and a trusted choice for learning languages. Our marketing message centers on key points of differentiation from our competitors' traditional language offerings by focusing on our learners' own intrinsic competence. We believe that continued marketing and brand building will drive broader demand for our products and help us pursue our goal of making Rosetta Stone the preeminent language learning brand.

        Enthusiastic and Loyal Customer Base.     Our customers exhibit loyalty and enthusiasm for our products and many promote sales of our products through word-of-mouth referrals. Our latest survey of our individual customers in the United States, completed in February 2009, revealed that 92% of respondents expressed satisfaction with our solutions, with a satisfaction rating of 6 or higher on a 10-point scale, and 76% of respondents have recommended our solutions to one or more individuals. Our latest survey of our institutional customers in the United States, completed in February 2009, revealed that 87% of respondents expressed satisfaction with our solutions, with a satisfaction rating of 6 or higher on a 10-point scale, and 76% have recommended our solutions to other organizations.

        Effective Products.     We believe our solutions are effective. According to a January 2009 study we commissioned from Roumen Vesselinov, Ph.D, visiting assistant professor, Queens College, City University of New York, after 55 hours of study the average WebCAPE score will be at a level sufficient to fulfill the requirements for one semester of study in a college that offers six semesters of Spanish. Statistically, the study concluded that such an outcome would occur with 95% confidence. WebCAPE, which stands for Wed-based Computer Adaptive Placement Exam, is a standardized test which, according to their website, is used by over 500 colleges and universities for placement. In addition, approximately 64% of the students participating in the study increased their oral proficiency by at least one level on a seven-level scale based on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages OPIc test, which is used worldwide by academic institutions, government agencies, and private corporations for evaluating oral language proficiency.

Our Strategy

        Our goal is to strengthen our position as a leading provider of language learning solutions through the following strategies:

        Extend Our Technological and Product Leadership.     We intend to apply new technologies to maintain our product leadership. We currently are working on a variety of product development initiatives. For example, we are developing a new web-based service that extends our existing language learning solutions by offering opportunities for practice with dedicated language conversation coaches and other language learners to increase language socialization. We expect to provide this web-based

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service primarily as a bundle with our software and audio offerings. At the same time, we expect to provide augmented free peer-to-peer language practice, building on our existing success with sharedtalk.com . In addition, we are evaluating opportunities to extend our learning solutions to hand-held devices, and we intend to continue to advance our proprietary software platform and our speech recognition technology.

        Expand Our Core Product Portfolio.     We plan to expand our product portfolio by adding more advanced course levels for our existing languages. We give learners the option to purchase our solutions at a single level of difficulty or as a bundle of all three existing levels. Currently, 21 of our languages are offered in all three levels of proficiency. Our other languages are available in either one or two levels of proficiency. We also plan to add new languages and new skill development and remediation courses for advanced language learners. We believe that there is an opportunity to increase our revenue as we introduce the second or third level of proficiency to many of our remaining 10 languages. In addition, we believe that there may be opportunities for us to introduce additional language learning solutions containing industry-specific content.

        Increase U.S. Market Share.     To increase our penetration of the U.S. market and expand our brand awareness, we intend to increase our marketing campaigns through the purchase of additional television, print, radio and online advertising, and to explore new media channels. We believe that our multi-channel marketing model helps to build greater brand awareness, which over time will further increase our marketing efficiency. We also intend to continue to add select retail relationships and kiosks. For example, a selection of our solutions has recently become available in Apple stores and at Apple.com . For our institutional business, we expect to expand our direct sales force along with our institutional marketing activities.

        Increase Our Focus on Sizeable Non-U.S. Markets.     We generated approximately 5% of our revenue in 2008 from sales outside the United States. According to the Nielsen survey, over 90% of the $83 billion spent in 2007 on consumer language learning products and services was spent outside the United States. We therefore believe that there is a significant opportunity for us to expand our business internationally utilizing many of the successful marketing and distribution strategies we have used in the United States. We have established subsidiaries in the United Kingdom and Japan to develop our international business. In addition, we are exploring opportunities to expand our presence in Asia, Europe and South America. Because our solutions do not rely upon translation from the target language into the learner's native language, they require only modest localization to be used by learners from other native language backgrounds, and thus we believe that we can efficiently scale our business internationally.

Products and Services

        We offer language learning solutions in 31 languages under the Rosetta Stone and Rosetta World brands. Each language currently has up to three levels, with each consecutive level representing a higher level of proficiency. We sell each level as a standalone unit, although we offer a price incentive to customers to purchase all three levels as a bundle, where that option is available. In August 2007, we released our Version 3 solution for ten of our best selling languages. We released an additional four languages in Version 3 in March 2008 and we released an additional seven languages in Version 3 in September 2008. The remaining languages are available in Version 2 of our software.

        We have four different editions: personal, enterprise, classroom and home school. Each edition utilizes the same core software product, but includes different ancillary features as follows:

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        With our personal edition, we offer a compact disc audio practice tool, the Audio Companion , in all 21 Version 3 languages. Audio Companion is a series of digital audio files that contain lessons directly aligned to the Rosetta Stone curriculum, allowing users to practice and carry on their immersive experience when they are away from a computer. The lessons on the Audio Companion can be transferred to MP3 players. The Audio Companion provides a convenient opportunity for practicing material that was previously learned through the software program. Unlike other common audio products, Rosetta Stone does not rely solely on an audio environment to teach, so we can create an immersive audio environment, using only the target language, which reinforces material learned from our software program.

        Our solutions are available both pre-packaged and by subscription online through our language learning portal. For the year ended December 31, 2008, approximately 88% of our revenue was from CD-ROM sales to both consumers and institutions, while approximately 12% was from online subscriptions.

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        We currently offer the following languages:

 
  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Audio
Companion
  Version 2   Version 3  

Arabic

                           

Chinese (Mandarin)

                           

Danish

                                 

Dutch

                           

English (U.K.)

                           

English (U.S.)

                           

Farsi (Persian)

                           

French

                           

German

                           

Greek

                           

Hebrew

                           

Hindi

                           

Indonesian

                                 

Irish

                           

Italian

                           

Japanese

                           

Korean

                           

Latin

                                 

Pashto

                                 

Polish

                           

Portuguese (Brazil)

                           

Russian

                           

Spanish (Latin America)

                           

Spanish (Spain)

                           

Swahili

                                 

Swedish

                           

Tagalog

                               

Thai

                               

Turkish

                                 

Vietnamese

                                 

Welsh

                                 

        We also provide an online peer-to-peer practice environment called SharedTalk , at www.sharedtalk.com , where registered language learners meet for language exchange and to practice their foreign language skills. During 2008, we had more than 100,000 active SharedTalk users.

        In addition, we have developed Rosetta Stone products for the exclusive use of Native American communities to help to save their endangered languages, including Mohawk, Innutitut and Iñupiaq.

Technology

        Since January 1, 2003, we have expended over $45.4 million in research and development expenses, which included the development of a proprietary unified language learning software platform. Our newest application, Version 3, currently supports three levels of proficiency and is available in 21 languages. Version 2, our legacy application, is available for our other 10 languages. We intend to offer additional languages on Version 3. The technology underlying both Version 2 and Version 3 is designed to handle the complexities of a wide variety of languages, including languages written from right-to-left such as Arabic and Hebrew and languages with characters such as Chinese and Japanese.

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        Our Version 3 platform is flexible and capable of meeting a wide range of market requirements, including:

In each of these cases, the learner receives the same engaging language learning experience and content.

        We have developed a speech recognition technology focused on the unique challenges of language learners, stressing non-native speech understanding and pronunciation feedback. This technology, which is included in Version 3, is available for 21 of our best selling languages and runs on all widely available operating systems and on local and online applications. Our speech recognition models include languages traditionally not supported by general-purpose speech recognition software, such as Irish.

        We have developed proprietary algorithms we call Adaptive Recall, which are designed to enhance the learner's experience by reintroducing content at longer and longer intervals in order to improve long-term retention. Adaptive Recall, available in Version 3, is designed to be efficient with a learner's time, bringing material back in the program less and less frequently as the learner remembers over extended periods of time.

        We have developed a proprietary student management system, which is designed to allow teachers and administrators to configure their own lesson plans using our content and exercises and to review reports for evaluation of student progress.

        We have developed an intuitive user interface that assists in the learner's transition from listening comprehension to speaking, making language skill development an integrated experience.

        We have also created proprietary content development tools that allow our curriculum specialists to write, edit, manage and publish our course materials. These tools allow authors, translators, voicers, photographers and editors to work efficiently and cooperatively across multiple locations.

Content and Curriculum

        The foundation of Dynamic Immersion is our proprietary content, consisting of a total of more than 25,000 individual photographic images and more than 400,000 professionally recorded sound files. Each Version 3 language contains approximately 10,000 individual photographic images and 15,000 professionally recorded sound files. We believe these photographic images and recorded sound files are a competitive strength, as we have created many of the pictures and all of the sound files ourselves. We believe that our images and their juxtaposition convey a universal meaning, which makes it possible for us to broadly deploy the same images across multiple languages. In addition, we have developed a sophisticated method for sequencing the images, which is designed to build a rich curriculum that incrementally teaches the user the most important and relevant language skills necessary to achieve fluency. We believe that our sequence of images is as effective for someone learning Arabic or Mandarin Chinese as it is for someone learning Spanish or English. To supplement our core content, we incorporate specific nuances for each language, such as dual forms for parts of speech in Arabic. Our ability to tailor our content also enables us to develop customized versions of our language learning solutions to address the specific needs of various industries. For example, we recently created

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a customized version of our Arabic learning solution for the U.S. Army, which includes military-specific content, such as vocabulary, images and curriculum sequencing. In the future, we may develop customized versions for other industries, such as healthcare, business, real estate and retail.

        In addition to visual learning experiences, our Version 3 solutions incorporate an integrated speech program utilizing our voice recognition application, which works in languages that are traditionally not supported by general-purpose speech recognition software. As an integral component of the program, this voice recognition feature works with our learners to promote the appropriate pronunciation of the words and concepts included in the lesson.

        Throughout the curriculum sequence, our program combines the introduction of new concepts, practice of recent material and production of key phrases. As learners progress along our curriculum, they transition from seeing and recognizing to speaking as our program prompts them to pronounce the words they are being taught. Our solution covers all aspects necessary for fluency within a completely immersive environment without requiring translation or explanation, including alphabet, vocabulary, intuitive grammar, reading, writing, listening, pronunciation and conversation. While rigorous and complete, the curriculum is designed to remain flexible, allowing learners to alter their individual pace and focus of instruction to meet their particular goals and abilities. The language content for our respective courses is organized into three levels of proficiency, with each level providing approximately 40 hours of instruction and containing multiple units, lessons and activities.

Customers

        Our customers include individuals, home school parents, educational institutions, armed forces, government agencies, corporations and not-for-profit institutions. We sell to our customers through a direct-to-consumer and institutional marketing and distribution strategy.

Channel
  Customer Type   Representative Customers
Consumer   Individual   Based on our internal studies, 60% annually earn more than $75,000 and 44% earn more than $100,000

 

 

Retailers

 

Amazon.com, Apple, Barnes & Noble and Borders

Institutional

 

Educational Institutions

 

Primary and Secondary Schools: New York City Department of Education (NY), DeKalb County Schools (GA), Cherokee County Board of Education (GA), Yonkers Public Schools (NY), Oakland Unified School District (CA), Manatee County Schools (FL)

 

 

 

 

Universities: James Madison University, University of Wisconsin, West Chester University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Clark Atlanta University, Jackson State University

 

 

Government and Armed Forces

 

U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Foreign Service Institute, Defense Intelligence Agency, U.S. Department of the Air Force

 

 

Corporations

 

Reuters Group Plc, General Motors Corp., Pride International Inc., Res-Care, Inc., Cerner Corp., Tyco Electronics Corp., Molex Inc., Experian Information Solutions, Inc., Marriott International, Inc., Whole Foods Market Inc.

 

 

Not-for-Profit Organizations

 

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Council for Adult and Experiential Learning, Pacific Training Institute Clinic, AARP, Trust for the Americas, Neighborhood House of St. Paul, Seattle Goodwill

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Marketing and Distribution Channels

        Our multi-channel marketing and distribution model consists of print, online, television and radio direct-response advertising, kiosks, our institutional sales force and retail resellers. We believe that this marketing and distribution model, through which each channel complements and supports the others, provides;

    Consumer

        Consumer sales accounted for approximately 80% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008. Our consumer distribution model comprises a mix of our call centers, websites, network of kiosks and select retail resellers, such as Amazon.com, Apple, Barnes & Noble and Borders. We believe these channels complement each other, as consumers that have seen our direct-to-consumer advertising may purchase at our kiosks or retailers, and those who have seen our solutions demonstrated at our kiosks may purchase solutions through our retailers, websites or call centers.

        Direct to Consumer.     Our direct-to-consumer channel, which we define as sales generated through either our websites or call centers, accounted for approximately 58% of our consumer revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008. We utilize several forms of advertising to drive our direct-to-consumer sales, including print, online, television and radio. We advertise in a variety of national publications, such as Time, The Economist, The New Yorker and National Geographic . Our online media strategy encompasses banner and paid search advertising, as well as affiliate relationships. We work with various online agencies to buy both impression-based and performance-based traffic. All our advertisements include a "call to action", which encourages potential customers to visit our websites or contact a call center to order a product or a CD-ROM demo. Our advertisements include promotional codes that encourage customers to indicate which television or radio spot or publication they are responding to in order for us to track performance of each discrete media buy. By using different codes for different advertising media and campaigns, we can track the link between our media buying and the demand it generates. This gives us insight into the effectiveness of each form of advertising we purchase, which enables us to more closely tie our advertising spend to the results achieved. We receive our orders in the direct-to-consumer channel through our websites and call centers. Our marketing to this channel also supports the kiosk and retail channels.

        Rosetta Stone Kiosks.     We operated 145 retail kiosks located in 32 states, in airports, malls and other strategic high-traffic locations as of December 31, 2008. We have also recently begun to open kiosks in the United Kingdom and Japan. As of December 31, 2008, we operated three kiosks in the United Kingdom and two in Japan. These company-operated kiosks accounted for approximately 22% of our consumer revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008. With bright and colorful displays, efficient use of retail space and limited capital investment, we believe that our company-operated kiosks are an effective outlet for selling our solutions and reinforcing our brand image. We believe that our kiosks enhance our ability to build strong consumer relationships and promote additional customer interest through the provision of personal demonstrations by our sales associates.

        Most of our kiosk site licenses range between three to six months with renewal options. Our policy is to close under-performing kiosks expeditiously.

        We have also recently begun offering our products in a limited number of unmanned ZoomShop automated kiosks. Although these devices do not offer the one-on-one experience that the kiosks

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provide, there are interactive demonstrations on their touch screens with audio that helps illustrate our teaching techniques. These devices allow us to quickly establish a presence in retail locations for a very low capital commitment.

        Retailers.     Sales to retailers accounted for approximately 21% of our consumer revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008. Our retailers enable us to provide additional points of contact to educate consumers about our solutions, expand our presence beyond our own kiosks and websites, and further strengthen and enhance our brand image. Our retail relationships include Amazon.com, Apple, Barnes & Noble and Borders. Sales in the retail channel are highly correlated with our media expenditures in the direct-to-consumer channel.

    Institutional

        Institutional sales accounted for approximately 20% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008. Our institutional distribution model is focused on targeted sales activity primarily through a direct sales force in four markets: schools, colleges and universities; the U.S. armed forces and federal government agencies; corporations; and not-for-profit organizations. Regional sales managers are responsible for sales of our solutions in their territories and supervise account managers who are responsible for maintaining our customer base. As of December 31, 2008, our domestic institutional sales group consisted of 71 employees, 53 of whom were direct quota-based sales representatives.

        Educational Institutions.     These customers include primary and secondary schools and represented approximately 44% of our institutional sales for the year ended December 31, 2008. In our experience, colleges, universities and schools frequently rely on references from peer institutions and an official request-for-proposal, or RFP, process when selecting a vendor. We generate sales leads from sources such as interacting with attendees at trade shows and conferences, visiting potential customer sites to provide briefings on our solutions and the industry, responding to inbound calls based on recommendations from existing customers and monitoring and responding to RFPs.

        Federal Government Agencies and Armed Forces.     These customers include governmental agencies and armed forces and accounted for approximately 19% of our institutional sales for the year ended December 31, 2008. Many customers in this market license our products through online subscriptions. We have recently been adding sales representatives to this group to allow greater focus by senior sales executives on expanding some of our key relationships.

        Corporations.     We promote interest in this market with trade show and seminar attendance, speaking engagements and direct mailings. Many of our customers in the market prefer online subscription delivery. Corporations represented 10% of our institutional revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008.

        Home Schools.     We promote interest in this market through advertising in publications focused on home schooling, attending local trade shows and seminars and direct mailings. Home school sales accounted for approximately 22% of our institutional revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008.

        Not-for-Profit Organizations.     These customers include organizations developing workforces to serve non-native speaking populations, offering literacy programs and preparing members for overseas missions. We promote interest in this market through our institutional sales force, speaking engagements and direct mailings. Not-for-profit organizations accounted for 5% of our institutional revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008.

    International

        International sales accounted for approximately 5% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008. In the near term, our international activity is primarily focused on successfully

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growing our business in the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan, where we are utilizing many of the same direct-to-consumer and channel strategies that we developed in the domestic market. We opened our United Kingdom office in 2005 and our Japan office in 2007. Over time, we believe that we will be able to develop a similar business model in other markets in Europe, Asia and Latin America.

Product Development

        Our product portfolio is a result of significant investment in product development over 16 years. Our product development focuses on both software and content development. Our development efforts include both creating new solutions and adding new languages to existing solutions. Our development team has specific expertise in speech recognition, interface design, immersion learning and instructional design. Our engineering and language development organizations are located principally in Harrisonburg, Virginia. We also conduct software development in Boulder, Colorado and Arlington, Virginia.

        In 2006, we licensed speech recognition technology for language learning from the Regents of the University of Colorado. We subsequently hired several of the original developers of this technology to begin building our expertise in speech recognition. Since 2006, we have made significant improvements to the original technology. We believe that this technology and expertise distinguishes us from other companies in our industry.

        In August 2007, we launched a new product platform, Version 3, in ten languages in our consumer channels. This product launch was the culmination of over three years of research and development. Version 3 provides a significant set of new features and benefits, including our proprietary speech recognition technology. We subsequently introduced four additional Version 3 languages in March 2008 and seven more Version 3 languages in September 2008. We also introduced the Audio Companion compact disc practice tool in all 14 of our then-available Version 3 languages in June 2008 and introduced the Audio Companion in the seven new Version 3 languages in September 2008.

        As of December 31, 2008, our research and development group consisted of 188 employees. Our research and development expenses were $12.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2007 and $18.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2008.

Sourcing and Fulfillment

        Our strategy is to maintain a flexible, diversified and low-cost manufacturing base. We use third-party contract manufacturers and suppliers to obtain substantially all our product and packaging components and to manufacture finished products. We believe that we have good relationships with our manufacturers and suppliers and that there are alternative sources in the event that one or more of these manufacturers or suppliers is not available. We continually review our manufacturing and supply needs against the capacity of our contract manufacturers and suppliers with a view to ensuring that we are able to meet our production goals, reduce costs and operate more efficiently.

        We package and distribute our products primarily from our fulfillment facility in Harrisonburg, Virginia. We also contract with third-party fulfillment vendors in Amsterdam, Netherlands and Tokyo, Japan. From Tokyo, we distribute products for consumer orders in Japan. From Amsterdam, we distribute products for consumer orders in Europe. We distribute products for the remainder of our orders from Harrisonburg, Virginia.

Competition

        The language learning industry is highly fragmented and subject to rapidly changing consumer preferences and industry trends. We expect competition in the markets that we serve to persist and

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intensify. We face varying degrees of competition from a wide variety of companies providing language learning solutions including:

    language learning center operators;

    audio CD and MP3 download providers;

    pre-packaged software producers;

    textbook publishers;

    online tutoring service providers; and

    online peer-to-peer practice providers.

Our competitors include Berlitz International Inc., Simon & Schuster, Inc. (Pimsleur), Random House Ventures LLC (Living Language), Disney Publishing Worldwide and McGraw-Hill Education.

        We believe that the principal competitive factors in our industry include:

    product differentiation, including:

    teaching method,

    effectiveness,

    accessibility and convenience,

    availability and quality of speech recognition, and

    fun and likelihood of continued engagement,

    brand recognition and reputation;

    price; and

    effective advertising.

We believe that we compete favorably on the basis of these factors.

Intellectual Property

        Our ability to protect our core technology and intellectual property is critical to our success. We rely on a combination of measures to protect our intellectual property, including patents, trade secrets, trademarks, trade dress, copyrights and non-disclosure and other contractual arrangements.

        We have several international and U.S. patents pending. Many of these pending patents relate to our language teaching methods.

        We hold a perpetual, irrevocable and worldwide license from the University of Colorado allowing us to use speech recognition technology for language learning solutions. We entered into the license agreement in December 2006, and paid the University of Colorado an up-front license fee.

        We have registered a variety of trademarks, including Rosetta Stone , Rosetta World , Rosetta Stone Language Learning Success and design, Dynamic Immersion , The Fastest Way to Learn a Language. Guaranteed ., Adaptive Recall , Contextual Formation , the Rosetta Stone blue stone logo and design, and Rosettastone.com . We have applied to register our SharedTalk , Audio Companion , rWorld , Rosetta and the Rosetta Stone blue stone logo and design/ Language Learning Success trademarks. All these trademarks are the subject of either registrations or pending applications in the United States, as well as numerous countries worldwide where we do business. We intend to continue to strategically register, both domestically and internationally, trademarks we utilize today and those we develop in the future.

        We own the copyright on our Version 2 English editions. We are registering in the United States our Version 2 non-English editions and all editions of our 21 Version 3 languages.

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        We believe that the distinctive marks that we use in connection with our solutions are important in building our brand image and distinguishing our solutions from those of our competitors. These marks are among our most valuable assets. In addition to our distinctive marks, we own several copyrights and trade dress rights to our solutions, product packaging and user manuals. We also place significant value on our trade dress, which is the overall image and appearance of our solutions, and we believe that our trade dress helps to distinguish our solutions in the marketplace.

        Furthermore, our employees, contractors and other parties with access to our confidential information sign agreements that prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of our proprietary rights, information and technology.

Employees

        As of December 31, 2008, we had 1,217 total employees, consisting of 713 full-time and 504 part-time employees. Our personnel consisted of 190 employees in sales and marketing, 188 employees in research and development, 220 in general and administrative, and 619 kiosk sales employees. None of our employees is represented by a collective bargaining agreement. We believe our employee relations are good.

Properties

        Our corporate headquarters are located in Arlington, Virginia, where we sublease approximately 31,281 square feet of space. The term of this sublease runs through December 31, 2013 and we have the right to extend that lease for an additional three years. We believe that our headquarters space will be adequate for the foreseeable future.

        We continue to lease approximately 17,600 square feet of space in Arlington, Virginia, which was the site of our corporate headquarters until late 2008. This space consists of multiple leased spaces with lease obligations with terms ending between December 31, 2009 and August 31, 2013. We intend to attempt to sublease a portion of this space, but we cannot assure you that we will be able to sublease any of this space or that, if we do, it will be on terms that will cover our rent expense related to the space.

        We currently own a facility with approximately 47,860 square feet of usable space in Harrisonburg, Virginia, that serves as our operations office, where we perform most of our product development. We recently purchased a facility with approximately 14,460 square feet in Harrisonburg, Virginia to support our future growth. In addition, we lease a facility with approximately 40,000 square feet in Harrisonburg, Virginia for use as a packing and distribution center for all of our U.S. and some of our international fulfillment. We are seeking additional space in Harrisonburg to support our future growth.

        We also lease small offices in Boulder, Colorado, Tokyo, Japan and London, United Kingdom. Our Boulder office serves as a research and development location while our Tokyo and London offices serve as our regional sales offices.

        As of December 31, 2008, we also had site licenses for 150 kiosks. Most of our kiosk site licenses have terms of three to six months and provide for a minimum rent plus a percentage rent based upon sales after certain minimum thresholds have been achieved. These site licenses generally require that we pay insurance, utilities, real estate taxes and repair and maintenance expenses. Some of the site licenses also contain early termination options, which can be exercised by us or the licensor under certain conditions.

Legal Proceedings

        From time to time, we have been subject to various claims and legal actions in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently involved in any legal proceeding the ultimate outcome of which, in our judgment based on information currently available, would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

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MANAGEMENT

Executive Officers and Directors

        The following table provides information concerning our executive officers and directors, including their ages as of December 31, 2008:

Name
  Age   Position(s)

Tom P. H. Adams

    36   President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Eric Eichmann

    41   Chief Operating Officer

Brian D. Helman

    39   Chief Financial Officer

Gregory W. Long

    49   Chief Product Officer

Michael C. Wu

    42   General Counsel and Secretary

Laura L. Witt(2)(3)

    40   Director and Chairman of the Board

Phillip A. Clough(1)

    47   Director

John T. Coleman(2)(3)

    61   Director

Laurence Franklin(1)

    56   Director

Patrick W. Gross(1)(3)

    64   Director

John E. Lindahl(2)

    64   Director

(1)
Member of our audit committee

(2)
Member of our compensation committee

(3)
Member of our corporate governance and nominating committee

         Tom P. H. Adams has served as President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of Rosetta Stone since January 2006, prior to which he served as Chief Executive Officer of Fairfield & Sons Ltd., the predecessor company of Rosetta Stone, since February 2003. Mr. Adams received his B.A. with honors from the University of Bristol, United Kingdom and an M.B.A. from INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France. Mr. Adams was named the 2008 Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year in the software category in the Greater Washington region.

         Eric Eichmann has served as Chief Operating Officer of Rosetta Stone since September 2006. Prior to joining us, Mr. Eichmann held several management positions at America Online, Inc., an interactive services company, from July 1999 to June 2006, most recently as Senior Vice President of Advertising Operations, Systems and Promotions. Previously, Mr. Eichmann held positions at McKinsey & Co., a management consulting firm, from September 1994 to June 1999. Mr. Eichmann holds an M.A. from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland and an M.B.A. from the Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University.

         Brian D. Helman has served as Chief Financial Officer of Rosetta Stone since March 2007. Prior to joining Rosetta Stone, Mr. Helman was Chief Financial Officer for JME Software LLC, a provider of enterprise software, from April 2006 to March 2007. From May 2002 to February 2006, Mr. Helman was the Chief Financial Officer of Neon Systems, Inc., a publicly traded supplier of mainframe integration software. From October 1996 to November 2001, Mr. Helman held various finance positions with Netspeak Corporation, a publicly traded provider of voice-over-IP software, including Vice President of Finance and Business Planning. Mr. Helman holds a B.S. from the University of Florida. Mr. Helman is a Certified Public Accountant.

         Gregory W. Long has served as Chief Product Officer of Rosetta Stone since August 2006. Prior to joining Rosetta Stone, Mr. Long was Vice President of Leapfrog Schoolhouse, the school division of Leapfrog Enterprises, Inc., a provider of educational products, from December 2001 to August 2006. Prior to that, Mr. Long was at iBeam Broadcasting Corp., a streaming media distribution provider, from May 2000 to September 2001, and held various positions at Mattel's The Learning Company Inc.,

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a developer and marketer of educational and reference software for consumers and schools, from March 1999 to May 2000 and at Creative Wonders, Disney/Electronic Arts' children's software education company, from March 1996 to March 1999. Mr. Long holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of Victoria in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and an M.B.A. from Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

         Michael C. Wu has served as General Counsel and Secretary of Rosetta Stone since November 2006. From August 2001 to October 2006, Mr. Wu served in several executive positions with Teleglobe International Holdings Ltd. and its predecessor, a publicly traded international telecommunications company, including Vice President and General Counsel, Executive Director, Legal and Executive Director, Operations and Corporate Services. Prior to joining Teleglobe, Mr. Wu was a Senior Counsel for Global One Communications LLC, the joint venture between Sprint Corporation, Deutsche Telekom and France Telecom, from March 1996 to March 1999. He also practiced law at Swidler & Berlin, Chtd and Baker & Botts, LLP. Mr. Wu holds a J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law and a B.A. from Emory University.

         Laura L. Witt has served as the Chairman of the Board of Directors since January 2006. In September 1997, Ms. Witt joined ABS Capital Partners, a private equity investment partnership, and has served as a General Partner since January 2001. She also serves as a director of Metastorm, Inc. She has a B.A. from Princeton University and an M.B.A. from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.

         Phillip A. Clough has served as a Director since January 2006. Mr. Clough is a Managing General Partner of ABS Capital Partners, and has been a General Partner of ABS Capital Partners since September 2001. Prior to joining ABS Capital Partners, Mr. Clough was President and Chief Executive Officer of Sitel Corporation, a publicly traded global provider of outsourced customer support services, from May 1998 to March 2001 and President of Sitel from January 1997 to May 1998. Prior to that Mr. Clough was an investment banker with Alex. Brown & Sons from 1990 to 1997 and served in the United States Army from 1983 to 1988, rising to the rank of Captain. Mr. Clough serves on the board of directors of Liquidity Services, Inc. and American Public Education, Inc. Mr. Clough holds a B.S. from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and an M.B.A. from the Darden Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Virginia.

         John T. Coleman has served as a Director since March 2006. Mr. Coleman served as President, Chief Operating Officer and a Director of Bose Corp., a manufacturer of high end audio products, from July 2001 to July 2005. Prior to that he was Executive Vice President and Vice President of Human Resources at Bose. Prior to that he was General Manager of their European manufacturing operations. Prior to joining Bose, Mr. Coleman was Director of Human Resources for General Electric in Ireland. Mr. Coleman was Head of the College of Business and Law at University College Cork in Ireland from May 2006 until June 2007. He is a member of the board of advisors of the School of Economics in the University College Cork. Mr. Coleman holds diplomas in Personnel Management and in Training and Development from the Irish Management Institute. He also holds a diploma in Management Studies and an M.B.A. degree from the University of Ulster, Northern Ireland.

         Laurence Franklin has served as a Director since March 2006. Since January 2002, Mr. Franklin has served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Tumi Inc., a manufacturer and retailer of luxury travel, business and lifestyle accessories. Mr. Franklin is scheduled to retire as President and Chief Executive Officer of Tumi Inc. on April 1, 2009. Mr. Franklin also serves on the boards of two private companies. Mr. Franklin earned his B.A. from Colgate University and his M.S. from the New York University Graduate School of Business.

         Patrick W. Gross has served as a Director since January 2006. Mr. Gross is Chairman of the Lovell Group, a private business and technology advisory and investment firm that he founded in 2002. Mr. Gross was a founder of, and served as a principal executive officer from 1970 to September 2002 at

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American Management Systems, Inc., or AMS, a publicly traded information technology consulting, software development, and systems integration firm. Mr. Gross is a director of Capital One Financial Corporation, Career Education Corporation, Taleo Corporation, Liquidity Services, Inc. and Waste Management, Inc. He holds a B.S.E. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, a M.S.E. from the University of Michigan and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.

         John E. Lindahl has served as a Director since January 2006 and is Managing Partner at Norwest Equity Partners VIII, LP, or Norwest, a private equity firm, which he joined in 1984. Prior to joining Norwest, John worked at Norwest Bank for 16 years. He holds B.S. and B.A. degrees from the University of Minnesota.

        Our executive officers are appointed by our board of directors and serve until their successors have been duly elected and qualified or their earlier resignation or removal. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

Code of Ethics

        We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics applicable to our principal executive, financial and accounting officers and all persons performing similar functions. A copy of that code will be available on our corporate website at www.rosettastone.com upon completion of this offering.

Composition of the Board of Directors; Classified Board

        Our board of directors currently consists of seven members, six of whom are non-employee members. Each director holds office until the election and qualification of his or her successor, or his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. Our second amended and restated bylaws permit our board of directors to establish by resolution the authorized number of directors.

        Pursuant to the terms of our certificate of incorporation, our existing current directors were elected as follows:

        Upon the closing of this offering, all of our preferred stock will be automatically converted into our common stock and all of the contractual rights to appoint directors will be automatically terminated. Our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which will be effective upon the closing of this offering, will provide that our board of directors will be divided into three classes of directors, each serving a staggered three-year term. As a result, commencing with our first annual meeting of stockholders after the completion of this offering, one class, which will be comprised of only a portion of our board of directors, will be elected at each annual meeting for three-year terms. Each of the current members of our board of directors intends to continue as a director after the closing of this offering and our board of directors will be classified as follows:

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        Our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation will also provide that the number of authorized directors will be determined from time to time by resolution of the board of directors. Any additional directorships resulting from an increase in the number of authorized directors will be distributed among the three classes so that, as nearly as reasonably possible, each class will consist of one-third of the directors. The classification of the board of directors may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control of our company. Our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation will further provide for the removal of a director only for cause and by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of our directors.

Director Independence

        In September 2008, our board of directors undertook a review of the independence of each director and considered whether any director had a material relationship with us that could compromise his or her ability to exercise independent judgment in carrying out his or her responsibilities. As a result of this review, our board of directors determined that all of our directors, other than our chief executive officer, Tom Adams, were "independent directors" and met the independence requirements under the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange.

Committees of the Board of Directors

        Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a compensation committee and a corporate governance and nominating committee.

    Audit Committee

        Our audit committee consists of Phillip A. Clough, Laurence Franklin and Patrick W. Gross, each of whom is a non-employee member of our board of directors. Mr. Gross is the chairperson of our audit committee. Our board of directors has determined that each member of our audit committee meets the requirements of financial literacy under the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange and SEC rules and regulations. Mr. Gross serves as our audit committee financial expert, as defined under SEC rules, and possesses financial sophistication as required by the New York Stock Exchange. Both Mr. Franklin and Mr. Gross are independent as such term is defined in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Mr. Clough is not independent within the meaning of Rule 10A-3(b)(1) because of his affiliation with ABS Capital Partners and the present level of stock ownership of our company by funds affiliated with ABS Capital Partners. The test for independence under Rule 10A-3(b)(1) for the audit committee is different than the general test for independence of board and committee members. In accordance with Rule 10A-3(b)(1) and the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange, we plan to modify the composition of the audit committee within 12 months after the effectiveness of our registration statement relating to this offering so that all of our audit committee members will be independent as such term is defined in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) and under the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange.

        Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things:

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        Our board of directors has adopted a written charter for the audit committee, which will be available on our website upon the completion of this offering.

    Compensation Committee

        Our compensation committee consists of Laura L. Witt, John T. Coleman and John E. Lindahl, each of whom is a non-employee member of our board of directors. Ms. Witt is the chairperson of our compensation committee. Our board of directors has determined that each member of our compensation committee meets the requirements for independence under the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange. The compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:

    Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee

        Our corporate governance and nominating committee consists of Laura L. Witt, John T. Coleman and Patrick W. Gross, each of whom is a non-employee member of our board of directors. Ms. Witt is the chairperson of this committee. Our board of directors has determined that each member of this committee satisfies the requirements for independence under the New York Stock Exchange rules.

        The corporate governance and nominating committee is responsible for, among other things:

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Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

        None of the members of our compensation committee is an officer or employee of our company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board of directors or compensation committee.

Director Compensation for the Year Ended December 31, 2008

        The following table summarizes the compensation of each member of our board of directors in 2008:

Name
  Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash
($)
  Option
Awards
($)(1)
  Total
($)
 

Laura L. Witt

  $   $   $  

Phillip A. Clough

             

John T. Coleman

    20,000 (2)   21,336 (5)   41,336  

Laurence Franklin

    20,000 (3)   21,336 (5)   41,336  

Patrick W. Gross

    10,000 (4)   26,067 (5)   36,067  

John E. Lindahl

             

Tom P. H. Adams

             

        In 2008, non-employee directors, other than those who are affiliated with ABS Capital Partners or Norwest, received an annual retainer for service on our board, payable quarterly in cash. No director received fees for attending board meetings. Directors who are employees of ABS Capital Partners or Norwest did not receive any fees or option awards for their services as either directors or committee members. All directors were entitled to reimbursement for reasonable travel and other business expenses incurred in connection with attending meetings of the board of directors or committees of the board of directors.

        All of our non-employee directors, other than those who are affiliated with ABS Capital Partners or Norwest, also received a grant of stock options upon commencement of their board service. All options were granted under our 2006 Stock Option Plan and have a term of ten years. All options granted have a per share exercise price equal to the fair value of a share of our common stock underlying the options at the time of grant. Options vest in equal annual installments over four years, subject to the director's continued service on our board. We did not issue any new options to directors in 2008.

        We do not have a formal director compensation plan in effect for after the completion of this offering.

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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

    Overview

        The compensation committee of our board of directors has overall responsibility for the compensation program for our executive officers. Members of the committee are appointed by the board. Currently, the committee consists of three members of the board, none of whom are executive officers of our company.

        Our executive compensation program is designed to encourage our executives to focus on building stockholder value, maximizing rational growth and bottom line results.

        Our objective is to provide a competitive total compensation package to attract and retain key personnel and drive effective results. To achieve this objective, the compensation committee has implemented and maintains compensation plans that tie a substantial portion of the executives' overall compensation to key strategic financial and operational goals such as our annual revenue. Our executive compensation program provides for the following elements:

        A detailed description of these components is provided below.

    Elements of Our Executive Compensation Program

        Base Salary.     We utilize base salary as the primary means of providing compensation for performing the essential elements of an executive's job. We believe our base salaries are set at levels that allow us to attract and retain executives in competitive markets.

        Variable Pay.     Our variable pay compensation, in the form of an annual cash bonus, is intended to compensate our executives for meeting our corporate objectives and their individual performance objectives and to incentivize our executives to meet these objectives. In addition, our variable pay compensation is intended to reward and incentivize our executives for exceeding their objectives. These objectives may be both financial and non-financial and may be based on company, divisional or individual performance. These objectives are separated so that executives may be paid a bonus for meeting one objective and not be paid for failing to meet another objective. For financial objectives, the compensation committee typically sets a target level where the full 100% bonus can be earned and then also sets a slightly lower target where a partial bonus can be earned if the objective is almost achieved and a higher target where a substantially larger than 100% bonus can be earned for exceeding the 100% bonus target. In addition to the annual cash bonus plan, we may utilize discretionary cash bonuses to attract new executives or to reward executives for exemplary performance that is not necessarily rewarded by the cash bonus plan.

        Equity-Based Compensation.     Our equity-based compensation is intended to enhance our ability to retain talent over a longer period of time, to reward longer-term efforts that enhance future value, and to provide executives with a form of reward that aligns their interests with those of our stockholders. Executives whose skills and results we deem to be critical to our long-term success are eligible to

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receive higher levels of equity-based compensation. Executives typically receive an equity award in the form of a stock option that vests over a period of time upon commencement of their employment. Thereafter, they may receive additional awards from time to time as the compensation committee determines consistent with the objectives described above. After we become a public company, our compensation committee expects to make annual equity compensation awards to our executives in amounts that are competitive with awards then being made by comparable public companies with whom we compete for talent.

        Benefits.     Our benefits, such as our basic health benefits, 401(k) plan, and life insurance, are intended to provide a stable array of support to executives and their families throughout various stages of their careers, and these core benefits are provided to all executives regardless of their individual performance levels. The 401(k) plan allows participants to defer up to 100% of their annual compensation, subject to the cap set by the Internal Revenue Code, which was $15,500 per person for 2008. The executives' elective deferrals are immediately vested and nonforfeitable upon contribution to the 401(k) plan. We currently provide matching contributions equal to 100% of an employee's individual contribution, up to a maximum of 4% of the participant's annual salary and subject to some other limits.

    Determining the Amount of Each Element of Compensation

        Overview.     The amount of each element of our compensation program is determined by our compensation committee on an annual basis taking into consideration our results of operations, long and short-term goals, individual goals, the competitive market for our executives, the experience of our compensation committee members with similar stage companies and general economic factors. In 2008, our compensation committee engaged a compensation consultant to provide data as to the competitiveness of our compensation program compared with those of other companies with which we may compete for talent. Our compensation committee did not retain the compensation consultant to determine or recommend any particular compensation package for our executives. Rather, the consultant provided survey data for a peer group of comparable companies for the positions of chief executive officer, chief operating officer and chief financial officer and a broader study of survey data for other executive officers for whom no peer group data was provided.

        In 2008, our compensation committee determined that in general the annual cash compensation of our executives was substantially below the median compensation of the comparable officers of the peer group companies or the broader survey sample, as applicable, and sought to move the annual base pay and variable pay opportunity for 2008 to within 15% of the median of the peer group for the chief executive officer, chief operating officer and chief financial officer and 15% of the median of the broader survey for the executive officers for whom no peer group data was provided.

        The peer group utilized by the compensation committee for comparative purposes in reviewing the 2008 compensation of the executives consisted of:

 
   
   
Tempur-Pedic International Inc.   Zumiez Inc.   Blackboard Inc.
LeapFrog Enterprises Inc.   Blue Nile, Inc.   Renaissance Learning Inc.
Under Armour Inc.   SkillSoft Plc   SumTotal Systems Inc.
Bare Escentuals, Inc.   Heelys, Inc.   PLATO Learning, Inc.
Crocs, Inc.        

        The peer group companies were selected because they were of a similar size to us at the time of the study and the compensation committee considered them to be high-performing consumer-marketing focused companies, technology-oriented learning companies or software companies. All of the peer group companies are public companies, so they were not directly comparable to us at the time of the study.

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        In addition to this data, our chief executive officer provides input to the compensation committee on the performance and compensation levels of our executives, other than himself, but he does not have a vote on the compensation committee. Once the level of compensation is set for the year, the compensation committee may revisit its decisions if there are material developments during the year, such as promotions, that may warrant a change in compensation. After the year is over, the compensation committee reviews the performance of the executive officers and key employees to determine the achievement of variable pay targets and to assess the overall functioning of our compensation plans against our goals.

        Base Pay.     Our compensation committee reviews our executives' base salaries on an annual basis taking into consideration the factors described above as well as changes in position or responsibilities. In the event of material changes in position, responsibilities or other factors, the compensation committee may consider changes in base pay during the year.

        For 2008, our compensation committee made the following increases in base salary of our executives:

Name
  2007
Base Salary
  2008
Base Salary
  Dollar
Increase
  Percentage
Increase
 
Tom P. H. Adams   $ 275,000   $ 350,000   $ 75,000     27.3 %
Eric Eichmann     237,500     265,000     27,500     11.6  
Brian D. Helman     220,000     240,000     20,000     9.1  
Gregory W. Long     200,000     210,000     10,000     5.0  
Michael C. Wu     190,000     210,000     20,000     10.5  

        These increases were discretionary changes made by our compensation committee based upon the continued growth of our company and the continued success of each of our named executive officers in growing our company. The increase was intended to bring the 2008 base salary of each executive to within 15% of the median base salary of comparable officers for the peer group companies or the broader survey group for the executive officers for whom no peer group data was provided in the compensation study.

        Variable Pay.     Our compensation committee establishes an executive bonus plan on an annual basis and distributions are typically made within 90 days after the end of each calendar year after the compensation committee has determined if the goals have been achieved. However, the compensation committee has the authority to modify a bonus structure during the year if they deem appropriate. Examples of circumstances in which our compensation committee might consider revising a bonus plan include mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, board-approved budget revisions and other material changes in our company.

        Our executive bonus plan for 2008 provides a potential bonus for each executive based on financial and non-financial goals. For all executives, the potential award is based 50% on financial goals, 25% on company-level strategic goals and 25% on individual goals. These percentages are the same as they were in 2007. The company-level financial goals, the company-level non-financial strategic goals and the individual goals each stand-alone and are evaluated separately so that some goals can be met and corresponding bonuses paid while other goals are not met and no corresponding bonus paid. The award of the financial bonus is based 10% on the achievement of the total budgeted 2008 sales, 10% on the achievement of the non-U.S. budgeted 2008 sales, 40% on achievement of the budgeted 2008 net marketing contribution, which we define as gross profit less total sales and marketing expense, and 40% on achievement of the budgeted 2008 adjusted EBITDA, which we define as income without option expenses, interest income, finance charges, business taxes, depreciation and amortization. The breakout of the percentages among the component parts of the financial goals is the same as it was in 2007 except that the achievement of budgeted adjusted EBITDA was increased by 10% for 2008 and the

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achievement of budgeted net marketing contribution was correspondingly decreased by 10% for 2008, reflecting a slight increase in focus on bottom line results. The achievement of individual goals is based on an assessment of adherence to company values, such as teamwork and accountability, overall job competence and performance against individual objectives, as recommended by our chief executive officer and determined by the compensation committee, or in the case of the achievement of such goals by our chief executive officer, solely by the compensation committee.

        For 2008, the individual performance objectives of our named executive officers included the following:

        Mr. Adams: continue product and solution build-out; deliver improved consumer sales and marketing capability; build international traction; complete company-wide system and process restructuring; successfully run our company; and prepare our company for an initial public offering of our common stock.

        Mr. Eichmann: deliver financial performance; improve front office; upgrade web site; continue build-out of international platform; complete company-wide system and process restructuring; and provide leadership and support broadly.

        Mr. Helman: help prepare our company for an initial public offering of our common stock; manage our budget and service our business from a financial perspective; run and improve the accounting function; support company-wide system and process restructuring; support chief executive officer as an analytical partner regarding financial matters; and successfully run our finance department.

        Mr. Long: build-out product development organization; deliver new institutional product; extend Version 3 library; continue content development; and expand our product development platform.

        Mr. Wu: protect company against software piracy and trademark infringement; support initial public offering of our common stock; continue build-out of legal team; build out corporate structure; and successfully run our legal function.

        With respect to our 2008 financial goals, consistent with our approach in 2007, no bonus will be earned if we fail to achieve 90% of a financial target. If we achieve 90% of a financial target, 10% of the bonus will be earned. If we achieve 100% of a financial target, 100% of the bonus will be earned and if we achieve 125% or more of the target, 250% of the bonus will be earned. Between 90% and 100% and between 100% and 125% of the financial targets, the amount of the bonus earned will be proportional between the two points. In addition, no payment of any financial target bonus will be made in the event that capital expenditures, determined in accordance with GAAP, exceed 110% of the budgeted $8.0 million.

        Our compensation committee established the following financial targets for 2008 for purposes of developing the incentive compensation plan; total revenue of $170.1 million; non-U.S. revenue of $13.0 million; net marketing contribution, which represents revenue less cost of revenue and sales and marketing expenses, of $71.2 million; and adjusted EBITDA of $21.0 million.

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        Our compensation committee set each executive's 2008 target bonus as a percentage of his 2008 annualized base salary as set forth in the table below.

Name
  2008
Annualized
Base
Salary
  Total
Target
Bonus
Opportunity
  Target
Bonus as
a Percentage
of Base
Salary
  Financial
Target
Bonus
  Non
Financial
Target
Bonus
  Individual
Goal
Target
Bonus
 

Tom P. H. Adams

  $ 350,000   $ 210,000     60 % $ 105,000   $ 52,500   $ 52,500  

Eric Eichmann

    265,000     132,500     50     66,250     33,125     33,125  

Brian D. Helman

    240,000     96,000     40     48,000     24,000     24,000  

Gregory W. Long

    210,000     84,000     40     42,000     21,000     21,000  

Michael C. Wu

    210,000     73,500     35     36,750     18,375     18,375  

        Our compensation committee compared the target bonuses as a percentage of base salary to the broader survey group in the 2008 compensation study. The committee did not consider the target bonuses as a percentage of base salary for the peer group companies, which were substantially higher than those for the broader survey group in the 2008 compensation study. The target bonus as a percentage of base salary did not change for Messrs. Eichmann, Helman or Long between 2007 and 2008 as it was already equal to the median target bonus as a percentage of base salary for the broader survey group. Mr. Adams' target bonus as a percentage of base salary increased from 50% to 60% and Mr. Wu's percentage increased from 30% to 35% as their prior percentages were below the median of the broader survey group in the 2008 compensation study.

        Our compensation committee determined the following bonuses for our named executive officers for 2008:

2008 Individual Bonuses Earned

Name
  Financial Target
Bonus(1)
  Strategic Target
Bonus(2)
  Individual
Objectives Bonus
  Total Bonus  

Tom P. H. Adams

  $ 234,990   $ 48,825   $ 52,500 (3) $ 336,315  

Eric Eichmann

    148,268     30,806     26,500 (4)   205,574  

Brian D. Helman

    107,424     22,320     19,200 (5)   148,944  

Gregory W. Long

    93,996     19,530     16,800 (6)   130,326  

Michael C. Wu

    82,247     17,089     18,375 (7)   117,710  

(1)
Each executive earned 224% of his company level financial objectives target bonus.

(2)
Each executive earned 93% of his company level non-financial strategic objectives target bonus.

(3)
Mr. Adams earned 100% of his individual objectives bonus.

(4)
Mr. Eichmann earned 80% of his individual objectives bonus.

(5)
Mr. Helman earned 80% of his individual objectives bonus.

(6)
Mr. Long earned 80% of his individual objectives bonus.

(7)
Mr. Wu earned 100% of his individual objectives bonus.

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        Our compensation committee determined that each of our named executive officers earned 224% of his company level financial objectives bonus as follows:


2008 Company Level Financial Target Achievement

Financial Bonus Category
  2008
Budget($)
  2008
Actual($)
  Percentage
of Target
  Percentage
of Bonus
Earned
  Percentage
Weighting of
Total Bonus
  Aggregate
Percentage of
Bonus Earned
 
 
  (Dollars in thousands)
   
   
   
   
 

Total Sales

  $ 170.1   $ 209.4     123 %   238 %   10 %   24 %

Non-US Sales

    13.0     10.0     77         10      

Net Marketing Contribution

    71.2     90.4     127     250     40     100  

Adjusted EBITDA

    21.0     36.4     173     250     40     100  
                                     

TOTAL

                                  224 %

        With respect to our named executive officers' individual performance objectives, our compensation committee determined a percentage of the target bonus to award based on an overall evaluation of the executive's performance in meeting his individual objectives during the year. Many of these objectives are subjective and not capable of being defined by bright-line measurements. Our compensation committee determined that Mr. Adams and Mr. Wu satisfied all of their individual performance goals at a level that justified the rewarding of 100% of their individual performance bonuses. Our compensation committee determined that Messrs. Eichmann, Helman and Long satisfied their individual performance objectives at a level that justified the awarding of 80% of their individual performance bonuses. None of these individuals failed to perform at a very high level or to make substantial progress in obtaining all of their individual performance objectives, but the philosophy of our compensation committee is to make these objectives difficult to achieve at the 100% level. More specifically, during 2008 our named executive officers performed the following:

        Mr. Adams: successfully continued product and solution build-out; delivered improved consumer sales and marketing capability; continued to build international traction; completed company-wide system and process restructuring; successfully ran our company; and prepared our company for an initial public offering of our common stock.

        Mr. Eichmann: delivered financial performance; improved front office; upgraded web site; continued build-out of international platform; completed company-wide system and process restructuring; and provided leadership and support broadly.

        Mr. Helman: helped prepare our company for an initial public offering of our common stock; managed our budget and serviced our business from a financial perspective; ran and improved the accounting function; supported company-wide system and process restructuring; supported chief executive officer as an analytical partner regarding financial matters; and successfully ran our finance department.

        Mr. Long: continued the build-out of our product development organization; delivered new institutional product; extended Version 3 library; continued content development; and expanded our product development platform.

        Mr. Wu: implemented strategies to protect our company against software piracy and trademark infringement; supported initial public offering of our common stock; continued build-out of legal team; continued build out of corporate structure; and successfully ran our legal function.

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    Allocation of Equity Compensation Awards

        In 2008, we did not grant any options to our named executive officers. Options granted to executives and other employees vest over a period of four years, with 1 / 4 of the shares vesting on the one-year anniversary of the begin vesting date, which is typically the first date of the calendar quarter following the date of grant, except for new hires whose begin vesting date is typically the date of hire, and in either case with 1 / 16 of the shares vesting at the end of each three-month period thereafter. Our compensation committee does not apply a rigid formula in allocating stock options to executives as a group or to any particular executive. Instead, our compensation committee exercises its judgment and discretion and considers, among other things, the role and responsibility of the executive, competitive factors, the amount of stock-based equity compensation already held by the executive, the non-equity compensation received by the executive and the total number of options to be granted to all participants during the year.

    Timing of Equity Awards

        Our compensation committee generally grants stock options to executives and current employees once per quarter on the date of the regularly scheduled compensation committee meeting. With respect to newly hired employees, our practice is typically to make stock grants at the first meeting of the compensation committee following such employee's hire date. We do not have any program, plan or practice to time stock option grants in coordination with the release of material non-public information. As a privately held company, our compensation committee has historically determined the exercise price of stock options based on valuations determined by the board of directors, but will switch to the trading price of our common stock on the date of grant upon completion of this offering.

    Executive Equity Ownership

        We encourage our executives to hold a significant equity interest in our company. However, we do not have specific share retention and ownership guidelines for our executives. We have a policy that, once we become a publicly traded company following this offering, we will not permit our executives to sell short our stock, will prohibit our executives from holding our stock in a margin account, and will discourage the purchase and sale of exchange-traded options on our stock by our executives.

    Type of Equity Awards

        Our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan only provides for stock options. However, our 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan, permits us to issue stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, performance units and performance shares.

    Severance and Change in Control Arrangements

        Each of our equity incentive plans provides for a potential acceleration of outstanding awards in the event that we undergo a change in control, as defined in such plans. See "—Employee Benefit Plans" below for a description of the change in control provisions contained in our equity incentive plans.

        In addition see "—Employment Arrangements with Named Executive Officers" and "—Payments Upon Termination or Upon Change in Control" below for a description of the severance and change in control arrangements we have with our named executive officers. The compensation committee believed that these arrangements were necessary to attract and retain our named executive officers. The terms of each arrangement were determined in negotiation with the applicable named executive officer in connection with his hiring and were not based on any set formula.

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    Effect of Accounting and Tax Treatment on Compensation Decisions

        In the review and establishment of our compensation programs, we consider the anticipated accounting and tax implications to us and our executives. In this regard, following the completion of this offering, we may begin utilizing restricted stock and restricted stock units as additional forms of equity compensation incentives in response to changes in the accounting treatment of equity awards under SFAS 123R. While we consider the applicable accounting and tax treatment of alternative forms of equity compensation, these factors alone are not dispositive, and we also consider the cash and non-cash impact of the programs and whether a program is consistent with our overall compensation philosophy and objectives.

        Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code imposes a limit on the amount of compensation that we may deduct in any one year with respect to our chief executive officer and each of our next three most highly compensated executive officers, unless specific and detailed criteria are satisfied. Performance-based compensation, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, is fully deductible if the programs are approved by stockholders and meet other requirements. We believe that grants of equity awards under our existing stock plans qualify as performance-based for purposes of satisfying the conditions of Section 162(m), thereby permitting us to receive a federal income tax deduction in connection with such awards. In general, we have determined that we will not seek to limit executive compensation so that it is deductible under Section 162(m). However, from time to time, we monitor whether it might be in our interests to structure our compensation programs to satisfy the requirements of Section 162(m). We seek to maintain flexibility in compensating our executives in a manner designed to promote our corporate goals and therefore our compensation committee has not adopted a policy requiring all compensation to be deductible. Our compensation committee will continue to assess the impact of Section 162(m) on our compensation practices and determine what further action, if any, is appropriate.

    Role of Executives in Executive Compensation Decisions

        Our compensation committee generally seeks input from our chief executive officer, Tom Adams, when discussing the performance of and compensation levels for executives other than himself. The compensation committee also works with Mr. Adams and with our chief financial officer and the head of our human resources department in evaluating the financial, accounting, tax and retention implications of our various compensation programs. Neither Mr. Adams nor any of our other executives participates in deliberations relating to his or her own compensation.

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Summary Compensation Table

        The following table provides information regarding the compensation of our chief executive officer, chief financial officer and each of our other three most highly compensated executive officers during 2007 and 2008. We refer to these executive officers as our named executive officers.

Name and Principal Position
  Year   Salary
($)
  Bonus
($)
  Option
Awards(1)
($)
  Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)
  All Other
Compensation
($)
  Total
($)
 

Tom P. H. Adams

    2008   $ 350,000   $   $ 339,269   $ 336,315   $ 567,191 (2) $ 1,592,775  
 

President and

    2007     274,519         388,303     75,625     617,477 (3)   1,355,924  
 

Chief Executive Officer

                                           

Eric Eichmann

   
2008
   
265,000
   
   
131,373
   
205,574
   
   
601,947
 
 

Chief Operating Officer

    2007     237,500         106,905     59,375         403,780  

Brian D. Helman

   
2008
   
240,000
   
   
118,401
   
148,944
   
   
507,345
 
 

Chief Financial Officer

    2007     173,462 (4)   25,000 (5)   74,179     44,000     42,609 (6)   359,250  

Gregory W. Long

   
2008
   
210,000
   
   
123,277
   
130,326
   
8,200

(7)
 
471,803
 
 

Chief Product Officer

    2007     200,000         105,282     40,000     8,149 (8)   353,431  

Michael C. Wu

   
2008
   
210,000
   
   
28,354
   
117,711
   
7,014

(9)
 
363,078
 
 

General Counsel and Secretary

    2007     193,670     30,000 (10)   21,843     38,500         284,013  

(1)
The amounts in this column reflect the amounts we recorded under SFAS No. 123(R) as stock-based compensation in our financial statements for the applicable year in connection with options we granted in that year and in prior years, adjusted to disregard the effects of any estimate of forfeitures related to service-based vesting but assuming, instead, that the executive will perform the requisite service for the award to vest in full. There were no new option awards to any of our named executive officers in 2008. The assumptions we used in valuing options are described under the caption "Stock-Based Compensation" in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus.

(2)
This amount includes $555,081 in gain recognized from stock option exercises and $12,110 of 401(k) plan matching contributions in 2008.

(3)
This amount includes $605,070 in gain recognized from a stock option exercise and $12,407 of 401(k) plan matching contributions in 2007.

(4)
Mr. Helman's annualized base salary of $220,000 was prorated based on his March 2007 start date.

(5)
Mr. Helman received a $15,000 one-time signing bonus upon commencement of his employment and a $10,000 performance-based discretionary bonus in 2007.

(6)
Mr. Helman received reimbursement for relocation expenses of $42,609 in 2007.

(7)
Mr. Long received a 401(k) matching contribution of $8,200 in 2008.

(8)
Mr. Long received a 401(k) matching contribution of $8,149 in 2007.

(9)
Mr. Wu received a 401(k) matching contribution of $7,014 in 2008.

(10)
Mr. Wu received a $30,000 one-time signing bonus in 2007.

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Grants of Plan-Based Awards in 2008

        The following table sets forth each grant of plan-based awards to our named executive officers during 2008:

 
  Estimated Future Payouts
Under Non-Equity Incentive
Plan Awards
 
Name
  Threshold
($)
  Target
($)
  Maximum
($)
 

Tom P. H. Adams

  $ 10,500   $ 210,000   $ 367,500  

Eric Eichmann

    6,625     132,500     231,875  

Brian D. Helman

    4,800     96,000     168,000  

Gregory W. Long

    4,200     84,000     147,000  

Michael C. Wu

    3,675     73,500     128,625  

Outstanding Equity Awards at 2008 Fiscal Year-End

        The following table lists all outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2008.

 
  Number of Securities Underlying
Unexercised Options (#)
   
   
 
 
  Option
Exercise Price
($)
  Option
Expiration
Date
 
Name
  Exerciseable(1)   Unexerciseable(1)  

Tom P. H. Adams

    52,230     112,050   $ 5.00     5/22/2016  

Eric Eichmann

    50,000     50,000     5.00     9/5/2016  

    5,625     9,375     7.90     3/21/2017  

Brian D. Helman

    35,949     46,221     7.90     3/21/2017  

Gregory W. Long

    57,500     57,500     5.00     8/21/2016  

Michael C. Wu

    9,804     12,606     5.00     12/8/2016  

(1)
The options reflected in the table above vest as to one-fourth of the total number of shares on the one year anniversary of the begin vesting date specified in the award agreement and thereafter vest at the rate of one-sixteenth of the total number of shares per quarter. The begin vesting date was January 1, 2006 for Mr. Adams, October 1, 2006 (100,000 shares) for Mr. Eichmann, April 1, 2007 (15,000 shares) for Mr. Eichmann, March 12, 2007 for Mr. Helman, October 1, 2006 for Mr. Long and January 1, 2007 for Mr. Wu.

Option Exercises in 2008

        The following table provides information regarding option exercises by our named executive officers in 2008.

 
  Option Awards  
Name
  Number of
Shares
Acquired on
Exercise
(#)
  Value Realized
on Exercise
($)(1)
 

Tom P. H. Adams

    59,820   $ 555,081 (2)

Eric Eichmann

         

Brian D. Helman

         

Gregory W. Long

         

Michael C. Wu

         

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Pension Benefits

        None of our named executive officers participates in or has account balances in qualified or non-qualified defined benefit plans sponsored by us.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

        None of our named executive officers participates in or has account balances in non-qualified defined contribution plans or other deferred compensation plans maintained by us.

Stock Grants

        Based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $                , the mid-point of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the value of our company is approximately $                 million. That represents a substantial increase from the $62 million valuation at the time we acquired our predecessor, Fairfield & Sons Ltd, in January 2006 and thus a substantial return on investment for our initial investors. As a result, our compensation committee determined to award to our key employees, including our named executive officers, an aggregate stock grant of                shares of common stock, which was equal in value to 7% of the aggregate appreciation in the value of our company since the acquisition of Fairfield & Sons Ltd. The allocation of the grant among the key employees was intended to reward those employees that our compensation committee believed played a material role in the growth and success of our company and the resulting creation of stockholder value since January 2006. A secondary goal of the grant was to provide those employees with a sufficient equity ownership stake in our company to align their interests with those of our stockholders moving forward.

        The recipients of those shares were allowed to elect to have us withhold a portion of their shares to satisfy their federal and state income tax withholding obligations. We withheld for award recipients an aggregate of             shares of our common stock from their awards to satisfy those obligations. We intend to hold these shares as treasury shares. We paid $            to federal and state tax authorities in satisfaction of these withholding obligations, which was equal to the number of shares withheld by us from grant recipients multiplied by $            , the midpoint of the range on the cover page of this prospectus. We restrict the transfer of the shares each recipient received, net of any shares withheld to satisfy tax obligations, for the following periods: 1/3 of each recipient's shares for six months; 1/3 of each recipient's shares for 12 months; and the remaining 1/3 of each recipient's shares for 18 months.

        The following table sets forth the stock grants to each of our named executive officers.

Name
  Number of
Shares Awarded
  Number of
Shares Withheld
  Tax Payment for
Shares Withheld
 

Tom P. H. Adams

              $    

Eric Eichmann

                   

Brian D. Helman

                   

Gregory W. Long

                   

Michael C. Wu

                   

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Employment Arrangements with Named Executive Officers

        In February 2009, we entered into employment agreements with each of our named executive officers. The agreements have one year terms that automatically renew each day so that there is always one year remaining on the term. The agreements increased the annual base salaries of some of the named executive officers for 2009 as follows:

Name
  2009 Annual
Base Salary
  2008 Annual
Base Salary
  Dollar
Increase
  Percentage
Increase
 

Tom P. H. Adams

  $ 350,000   $ 350,000   $     %

Eric Eichmann

    280,000     265,000     15,000     5.7  

Brian D. Helman

    245,000     240,000     5,000     2.1  

Gregory W. Long

    210,000     210,000          

Michael C. Wu

    225,000     210,000     15,000     7.1  

        In general, our compensation committee looked to hold base salaries company wide the same as they were in 2008 reflecting the current economic climate in the country as a whole. As a result, it did not commission a new compensation study for 2009. However, our compensation committee recognized that the 2008 base salaries of our named executive officers were below the median salaries of their peers based on the 2008 compensation survey they used to determine 2008 base salaries and that we needed to reward exceptional performance. As a result, our compensation committee recommended that Mr. Adams' base salary be increased to $400,000 for 2009, but Mr. Adams refused the increase. In addition, our compensation committee made the other small discretionary increases reflected in the table above to reward the executives' exceptional performance in 2008 and their importance to our company going forward and reflect the substantial growth and overall sucess of our company in 2008.

        The employment agreements also provide that the executives will be eligible to receive an annual bonus in accordance with our company bonus policy established by the board of directors from time to time, but no bonus amount is guaranteed. Except with respect to Mr. Wu, the total target bonus opportunity as a percentage of the executive's annual base salary stayed the same as it was for 2008. Mr. Wu's total target bonus opportunity percentage increased 5% to 40% for 2009, compared to 35% for 2008. This increase was intended to bring Mr. Wu's percentage bonus opportunity to an amount in line with the median of the broad survey group in the 2008 compensation study. The other executives' total target bonus opportunity as a percentage of base salary for 2009 was already in line with the amount of the median of the broad survey group in the 2008 compensation study. The table below sets forth the 2008 and 2009 percentage total target bonus opportunity for the named executive officers.

Name
  2009 Percentage
Total Target
Bonus
Opportunity
  2008 Percentage
Total Target
Bonus
Opportunity
  Total
Percentage
Increase
  Increase as a
Percentage of
the Prior
Percentage
Opportunity
 

Tom P. H. Adams

    60     60 %   %   %

Eric Eichmann

    50     50          

Brian D. Helman

    40     40          

Gregory W. Long

    40     40          

Michael C. Wu

    40     35     5 %   14.3 %

        Under the agreements, each executive is each entitled to severance benefits if his employment is terminated without cause or if he terminates his employment for good reason. Termination without cause is defined in the agreements as termination for a reason other than the executive's commission of a felony or a crime involving moral turpitude, an act involving dishonesty or fraud involving his duties, failure to perform his duties or gross negligence or willful misconduct involving his duties, material breach of his employment agreement, failure to comply with instructions given by our board of

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directors which affect our business, misconduct likely to injure our reputation, harassment of or discrimination against our employees, customers or vendors, misappropriation of our company's assets, willful violation of our policies, or issues involving his immigration status affecting his ability to continue his employment with us. Good reason is defined in the agreements as a material reduction in the executive's annual salary, duties, authority or responsibilities, our material breach of his employment agreement, or our relocation of him to an area outside of the Washington, D.C. or Harrisonburg, Virginia localities. If we terminate one of these executives' employment without cause or if he terminates his employment for good reason, we will be required to pay severance in an amount equal to 12 months of his annual base salary and health benefits (15 months in the case of Mr. Adams) and the pro rata portion of any bonus earned prior to the date of termination, such payment to be made six months after the termination date, if he signs a general release waiving any claims he may then have against us and agrees not to compete against us for 12 months after the date of termination (15 months in the case of Mr. Adams).

Payments Upon Termination or Upon Change in Control

        In addition to the severance payments that may be paid to our named executive officers upon termination under their employment agreements, all of our named executive officers are also entitled to accelerated vesting of their unvested options upon a change in control of our company.

        The following table sets forth information concerning the payments that would be received by each named executive officer upon a termination of employment without cause or upon a change in control. The table assumes the termination occurred on December 31, 2008, using the fair value of $22.74 for each share of our common stock as of that date. The table below only shows additional amounts that the named executive officers would be entitled to receive upon termination, and does not show other items of compensation that may be earned and payable at such time such as earned but unpaid base salary or bonuses.

Name
  Severance Payment
Upon Termination
Without Cause
or for
Good Reason(1)
  Accelerated Vesting of
Stock Options Upon
Change in Control
 

Tom P. H. Adams

  $ 454,192   $ 1,987,767 (2)

Eric Eichmann

    293,191     1,026,125 (3)

Brian D. Helman

    258,191     685,920 (4)

Gregory W. Long

    223,191     1,020,050 (5)

Michael C. Wu

    238,191     223,630 (6)

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Employee Benefit Plans

    2009 Omnibus Incentive Plan

        Our board of directors has adopted, and our stockholders have approved, the Rosetta Stone Inc. 2009 Omnibus Incentive Plan, or our 2009 Plan. Our 2009 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance stock, performance units, other stock-based awards and certain cash awards.

        We have reserved a total of            shares of our common stock, $0.00005 par value per share, for issuance under our 2009 Plan. There are currently            shares available for the grant of future awards under our 2009 Plan.

        Our employees who have substantial involvement with the management and growth of our company or its affiliates are eligible to receive awards under our 2009 Plan. In addition, the non-employee directors of our company and consultants, agents, representatives, advisors and independent contractors who render services to our company and its affiliates that are not in connection with the offer and sale of our company's securities in a capital raising transaction and do not directly or indirectly promote or maintain a market for our company's securities will be eligible to receive awards settled in shares of our common stock, other than incentive stock options, under our 2009 Plan.

        The maximum number of shares of our common stock with respect to which awards may be granted to a qualifying participant during a calendar year is                        .

        Our compensation committee will administer our 2009 Plan with respect to awards to employees and consultants and our board of directors will administer our 2009 Plan with respect to awards to directors. The committee has the power to determine the terms of the awards granted under our 2009 Plan, including the exercise price, the number of shares subject to each award and the exercisability of the awards. The committee also has full power to determine the persons to whom and the time or times at which awards will be made and to make all other determinations and take all other actions advisable for the administration of the plan.

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        Under our 2009 Plan, the committee may grant:

        Under our 2009 Plan, the committee may also grant performance stock and performance unit awards. Performance stock and performance units are awards that will result in a payment to a participant only if performance goals established by the committee are achieved or the awards otherwise vest. It is intended that our 2009 Plan will conform with the standards of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. The committee will establish organizational or individual performance goals which, depending on the extent to which they are met, will determine the number and the value of performance stock and performance units to be paid out to participants. Payment under performance stock and performance unit awards may be made in cash or in shares of our common stock with equivalent value, or in some combination, as determined by the committee.

        The amount of, the vesting and the transferability restrictions applicable to any performance stock or performance unit award will be based upon the attainment of such performance goals as the committee may determine. A performance goal will be based on one or more of the following business criteria: earnings per share, earnings per share growth, total stockholder return, economic value added, cash return on capitalization, increased revenue, revenue ratios, per employee or per customer, net income, stock price, market share, return on equity, return on assets, return on capital, return on capital compared to cost of capital, return on capital employed, return on invested capital, stockholder value, net cash flow, operating income, earnings before interest and taxes, cash flow, cash flow from operations, cost reductions, cost ratios, per employee or per customer, proceeds from dispositions, project completion time and budget goals, net cash flow before financing activities, customer growth and total market value.

        Awards may be granted under our 2009 Plan in substitution for stock options and other awards held by employees of other corporations who are about to become employees of our company or any of its subsidiaries. The terms and conditions of the substitute awards granted may vary from the terms and conditions set out in our 2009 Plan to the extent our board of directors may deem appropriate.

        The existence of outstanding awards will not affect in any way the right or power of our company to make any adjustments, recapitalizations, reorganizations or other changes in our company's capital structure or its business. If our company shall effect a capital readjustment or any increase or reduction of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding, without receiving compensation therefor in money, services or property, then the number and per share price of our common stock subject to outstanding awards under our 2009 Plan shall be appropriately adjusted.

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        If we are not the surviving entity in any merger, consolidation or other reorganization; if we sell, lease or exchange or agree to sell, lease or exchange all or substantially all of our assets; if we are to be dissolved; or if we are a party to any other corporate transaction, then the committee may:

        After a merger or consolidation involving our company each holder of a restricted stock award granted under our 2009 Plan shall be entitled to have his restricted stock appropriately adjusted based on the manner in which the shares of our common stock were adjusted under the terms of the agreement of merger or consolidation.

        Awards under our 2009 Plan shall be designed, granted and administered in such a manner that they are either exempt from the application of, or comply with, the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code.

        Our board of directors may alter, amend, or terminate our 2009 Plan and the committee may alter, amend, or terminate any award agreement in whole or in part; however, no termination, amendment, or modification shall adversely affect in any material way any award previously granted, without the written consent of the holder.

        Our 2009 Plan became effective on                        , 2009. No awards may be granted under our 2009 Plan on or after                        , 2019, unless our 2009 Plan is subsequently amended, with the approval of stockholders, to extend the termination date.

    2006 Stock Incentive Plan

        Our board of directors adopted, and our stockholders approved, the Rosetta Stone Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, or our 2006 Plan, in January 2006. The 2006 Plan allows for the grant of options to purchase our common stock to our employees, directors, consultants and advisors and those of our affiliates. As expressly authorized by the 2006 Plan, our board of directors has delegated to the compensation committee of our board of directors the authority to make awards under our 2006 Plan and the authority to administer the plan.

        We will not issue any new awards under the 2006 Plan after the completion of this offering. The terms of the 2006 Plan, and the applicable stock option agreements, will continue to govern the terms and conditions of any outstanding stock options. As of December 31, 2008, options to purchase a total of 1,275,230 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding under the 2006 Plan, and a total

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of 249,171 shares of our common stock had been issued upon the exercise of options granted under the 2006 Plan that had not been repurchased by us.

        The compensation committee has the authority to determine the terms and conditions of the awards granted under our 2006 Plan. The price at which shares of our common stock may be purchased under an option shall be determined by the compensation committee of our board of directors, but such price may not be less than the fair market value of the shares on the date the option is granted.

        Stock options granted under the 2006 Plan vest and become exercisable, unless otherwise specified in an award agreement, as to 25% of the shares subject to the option on the first anniversary of the date of grant, and thereafter vest and become exercisable as to 1 / 16 of the shares subject to the option at the end of each three-month period. An option issued under the 2006 Plan generally expires on the tenth anniversary of the date the option is granted, unless terminated earlier.

        After termination of a grantee's service to our company and its affiliates, he or she may exercise the vested portion of his or her option for the period of time stated in the option agreement. In all cases, however, the option agreement shall provide that the grantee shall have the right to exercise the vested portion of any option held at termination for at least 30 days following termination of his or her service for any reason other than cause and that the grantee shall have the right to exercise the option for at least six months if the grantee's service terminates due to death or a qualifying disability.

        An optionee shall not have any rights as a stockholder with respect to our common stock covered by an option until the date a stock certificate for such common stock is issued by our company.

        Our 2006 Plan provides that in the event of our acquisition or other change of control, we can make provisions for the continuation of awards outstanding at such time, or for the assumption and substitution of such awards by our successor. In lieu of the foregoing, with respect to options outstanding at the time of the acquisition, we can provide notice to participants that either they (i) must exercise their options within a period we specify in the notice and that the options will terminate upon the expiration of such period if not exercised or (ii) will receive a cash payment equal to the difference between the fair market value of the shares subject to such options over the exercise price of such options and that the options will terminate upon such payment. In addition, we may, but are not required to, accelerate the vesting and exercisability of the options in connection with the change of control.

        Our 2006 Plan restricts the transfer of and, if provided in an award agreement, grants us the right to repurchase, shares of our stock acquired under an option granted under the plan. Under the 2006 Plan, those rights will terminate on completion of this offering.

Limitation on Liability and Indemnification Matters

        Our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which will be in effect upon the completion of this offering, contains provisions that limit the liability of our directors for monetary damages to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Consequently, our directors will not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for:

    any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;

    any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

    unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or

    any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

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        Our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws to be in effect upon the completion of this offering provide that we are required to indemnify our directors and officers, in each case to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Our amended and restated bylaws also provide that we are obligated to advance expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of any action or proceeding, and permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent for any liability arising out of his or her actions in that capacity regardless of whether we would otherwise be permitted to indemnify him or her under the provisions of Delaware law. We have entered and expect to continue to enter into agreements to indemnify our directors, executive officers and other employees as determined by our board of directors. With specified exceptions, these agreements provide for indemnification for related expenses including, among other things, attorneys' fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any of these individuals in any action or proceeding. We believe that these bylaw provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers. We also maintain directors' and officers' liability insurance.

        The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and second amended and restated bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors and officers for breach of their fiduciary duty. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against our directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and other stockholders. Further, a stockholder's investment may be adversely affected to the extent that we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers as required by these indemnification provisions. At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors, officers or employees for which indemnification is sought, and we are not aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification.

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

        Since January 1, 2006, there has not been, nor is there currently proposed, any transaction or series of similar transactions to which we were or are a party in which the amount involved exceeded or exceeds $120,000 and in which any of our directors, executive officers, holders of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities, or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements with directors and executive officers, which are described where required under the "Management" section of this prospectus, and the transactions described below.

Formation

        We were originally formed by ABS Capital Partners in December 2005 for the purpose of acquiring Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., which acquisition we completed in January 2006. Prior to our acquisition of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., it was a privately held company unaffiliated with us, ABS Capital Partners or Norwest.

        In connection with our initial formation, we issued the following shares to the following directors, executive officers, holders of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities, or any member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons, after giving effect to the 20-for-1 stock split of our common stock completed in May 2006:

        After giving effect to the automatic conversion of each share of our preferred stock into 20 shares of our common stock upon completion of this offering, the effective per share purchase price of each of those shares was $5.

Acquisition of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd.

        The aggregate price paid to the stockholders of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. was approximately $65.6 million in cash, 63,412 shares of our Class B Convertible Preferred Stock and 47,619 shares of Class B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, and 246,560 shares of our common stock, after adjustment for the 20-for-1 stock split in May 2006, which was originally class A convertible common stock but has since been converted into non-designated common stock.

        In addition, Tom Adams, our chief executive officer, who was then serving as the chief executive officer of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., received a cash bonus of $3.1 million pursuant to a bonus agreement he had with Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. Mr. Adams was not a stockholder of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd.

Board of Directors

        Prior to the completion of this offering, ABS Capital Partners had the right to appoint two of our directors and Norwest had the right to appoint one of our directors and to have them serve on various

113



committees. This right terminates upon completion of this offering. All three of these appointees will remain on our board following this offering, but we are under no contractual obligation to retain them.

Registration Rights

        ABS Capital Partners, Norwest and Tom Adams and all of the former stockholders of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. have registration rights with respect to the shares of capital stock that they hold beginning 180 days after completion of this offering. For a description of these registration rights, see "Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights."

Conversion of Preferred Stock

        Effective upon the completion of this offering, each outstanding share of our preferred stock of all classes will automatically convert into 20 shares of our common stock, including those shares of our preferred stock held by ABS Capital Partners, Norwest and Tom Adams.

Stock Options Granted to and Employment Arrangements with Directors and Executive Officers

        For more information regarding the grant of stock options to directors and executive officers, please see "Management—Director Compensation," "—Executive Compensation" and "—Option Grants in 2008" and "Employment Arrangements with Tom P. H. Adams."

Indemnification Agreements

        We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our current directors and executive officers. These agreements require us to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law against liabilities that may arise by reason of their service to us, and to advance expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. We also intend to enter into indemnification agreements with our future directors and executive officers.

Procedures for Related Party Transactions

        Under our code of business conduct and ethics, our employees, officers and directors are discouraged from entering into any transaction that may cause a conflict of interest for us. In addition, they must report any potential conflict of interest, including related party transactions, to their managers or our general counsel who then reviews and summarizes the proposed transaction for our audit committee. Pursuant to its charter, our audit committee must then approve any related-party transactions, including those transactions involving our directors. In approving or rejecting such proposed transactions, the audit committee considers the relevant facts and circumstances available and deemed relevant to the audit committee, including the material terms of the transactions, risks, benefits, costs, availability of other comparable services or products and, if applicable, the impact on a director's independence. Our audit committee will approve only those transactions that, in light of known circumstances, are in, or are not inconsistent with, our best interests, as our audit committee determines in the good faith exercise of its discretion. A copy of our code of business conduct and ethics and audit committee charter may be found at our corporate website www.rosettastone.com upon the completion of this offering.

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PRINCIPAL AND SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

        The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of December 31, 2008 by:

        Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to the shares. Common stock subject to options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2008 are deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding the options. These shares, however, are not deemed outstanding for the purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.

        Percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 12,648,751 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2008, which includes 11,159,780 shares of common stock that will be outstanding as of the completion of this offering as a result of the automatic conversion of each outstanding share of our preferred stock of all series into 20 shares of our common stock.

        Unless otherwise indicated to our knowledge, all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to their shares of common stock, except to the extent authority is shared by spouses under applicable law. Unless otherwise indicated, the address for each listed stockholder is c/o Rosetta Stone Inc., 1919 North Lynn Street, 7 th  Floor, Arlington, Virginia 22209.

 
  Number of Shares Beneficially Owned   Percentage of Shares Outstanding  
Name of Beneficial Owner
  Before
Offering
  Shares
Being
Offered
  Shares
Being
Offered
in Over-
Allotment
  After Offering
Assuming No
Exercise of
Over-
Allotment
Option
  After Offering
Assuming Full
Exercise of
Over-
Allotment
Option
  Before
Offering
  After Offering
Assuming No
Exercise of
Over-
Allotment
Option
  After Offering
Assuming Full
Exercise of
Over-
Allotment
Option
 

5% Stockholders

                                                 

Entities affiliated with ABS Capital Partners(1)

    5,812,400                             46.0 %     %     %

Norwest Equity Partners VIII, LP(2)

    3,800,000                             30.0              

Named Executive Officers:

                                                 

Tom P. H. Adams(3)

    388,920             388,920     388,920     3.1              

Eric Eichmann(4)

    62,812             62,812     62,812     *     *     *  

Brian D. Helman(5)

    35,949             35,949     35,949     *     *     *  

Gregory W. Long(6)

    64,687             64,687     64,687     *     *     *  

Michael C. Wu(7)

    11,205             11,205     11,205     *              

Non-Employee Directors:

                                                 

Patrick W. Gross(8)

    15,937             15,937     15,937     *              

John T. Coleman(9)

    12,499             12,499     12,499     *              

Laurence Franklin(10)

    12,499             12,499     12,499     *              

Laura L Witt(11)

    5,812,400                                            

Phillip A. Clough(12)

    5,812,400                                            

John E. Lindahl(13)

    3,800,000                                            

All of our directors and executive officers as a group (11 persons)(14)

    10,216,908                             79.0              

*
Represents less than one percent.

(1)
Includes:

(i)
5,143,380 shares of common stock held by ABS Capital Partners IV, L.P.;

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(2)
Norwest is a limited partnership whose sole general partner is Itasca Partners VIII, LLC, or Itasca, and whose managing members are John E. Lindahl and Timothy C. DeVries and whose managing administrative member is John P. Whaley. All voting and dispositive power over these shares is held by Norwest acting by and through Itasca and its managing members. Each of the managing members, including Mr. Lindahl who serves on our board of directors, disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares. The address for these entities is 80 South 8 th  Street, Suite 3600, Minneapolis, MN 55402.

(3)
Includes 74,640 shares of our common stock subject to options which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2008.

(4)
Includes 62,812 shares of our common stock subject to options which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2008.

(5)
Includes 35,949 shares of our common stock subject to options which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2008.

(6)
Includes 64,687 shares of our common stock subject to options which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2008.

(7)
Consists of 11,205 shares of our common stock subject to options which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2008.

(8)
Consists of 15,937 shares of our common stock subject to options which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2008.

(9)
Consists of 12,499 shares of our common stock subject to options which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2008.

(10)
Consists of 12,499 shares of our common stock subject to options which are exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2008.

(11)
Consists of an aggregate of 5,812,000 shares held by the ABS Entities. Mr. Clough is a managing member of ABS Partners LLC, the general partner of the ABS Entities, Mr. Clough disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. See footnote 1.

(12)
Consists of an aggregate of 5,812,000 shares held by the ABS Entities. Ms. Witt is a managing member of ABS Partners LLC, the general partner of the ABS Entities. Ms. Witt disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares. See footnote 1.

(13)
Consists of 3,800,000 shares held by Norwest. Mr. Lindahl is a director of our company and is a managing member of Itasca, the sole general partner of Norwest. Mr. Lindahl disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares. See footnote 2.

(14)
Includes shares described in footnotes 3 through 10 above.

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

General

        The following is a summary of our capital stock and provisions of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws, as they will be in effect upon the closing of this offering. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the provisions of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws, copies of which have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

        Following the closing of this offering, our authorized capital stock will consist of 190,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.00005 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share. As of December 31, 2008, we had outstanding 12,648,751 shares of our common stock, which includes 11,159,780 shares of common stock that will be outstanding as of the completion of this offering as a result of the automatic conversion of each of our outstanding shares of preferred stock of all series into 20 shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2008, we had 65 common stockholders of record.

Common stock

    Dividend Rights

        Subject to preferences that may apply to shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of our common stock are entitled to received dividends out of assets legally available at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine from time to time.

    Voting Rights

        Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. We have not provided for cumulative voting for the election of directors in our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation. This means that the holders of a majority of the shares voted can elect all of the directors then standing for election.

    No Preemptive, Conversion, Redemption or Sinking Fund Rights

        Our common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights and is not subject to conversion or redemption or any sinking fund provisions.

    Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions

        Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share in all assets remaining after payment of all liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any outstanding preferred stock. Each outstanding share of common stock is, and all shares of common stock to be issued in this offering when they are paid for will be, fully paid and nonassessable.

Preferred Stock

        Following the closing of this offering, our board of directors will be authorized, subject to limitations imposed by Delaware law, to issue up to a total of 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, without stockholder approval. Our board is authorized to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each series of preferred stock, and to fix the rights, preferences and privileges of the shares of each series of preferred stock and any of its qualifications, limitations or restrictions. Our board can also increase or decrease the number of shares of any series

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of preferred stock, but not below the number of shares of that series of preferred stock then outstanding, without any further vote or action by the stockholders.

Registration Rights

        According to the terms of our Registration Rights Agreement, ABS Capital Partners, Norwest, Madison Capital, Tom Adams and the former stockholders of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., including Greg Keim, are entitled to demand, piggyback and Form S-3 registration rights. The stockholders who are a party to the Registration Rights Agreement will hold an aggregate of            shares of our common stock upon completion of this offering and the conversion of all existing series of our preferred stock into shares of our common stock as described in "Principal and Selling Stockholders."

    Demand Registration Rights

        At any time following 180 days after the date of this prospectus, ABS Capital Partners, Norwest and Madison Capital have the right, under our Registration Rights Agreement, to require that we register all or a portion, but not less than 20%, of the aggregate number of shares of common stock held by ABS Capital, Norwest and Madison Capital. We are not required to effect more than three registrations requested by these stockholders, or effect more than one in any nine-month period. The other stockholders who are a party to the Registration Rights Agreement may also include their shares in such registration. The underwriters of any underwritten offering have the right to limit the number of shares to be included in a registration statement filed in response to the exercise of these demand registration rights. We must pay all expenses, except for underwriters' discounts and commissions, incurred in connection with these demand registration rights.

    Piggyback Registration Rights

        If we register any securities for public sale after this offering, our stockholders with piggyback registration rights under our Registration Rights Agreement have the right to include their shares in the registration, subject to specified exceptions. The underwriters of any underwritten offering have the right to limit the number of shares registered by these holders. We must pay all expenses, except for underwriters' discounts and commissions, incurred in connection with these piggyback registration rights.

    Form S-3 Registration Rights

        ABS Capital Partners, Norwest and Madison Capital have the right, under our Registration Rights Agreement, to require that we register all or a portion of their shares of common stock on Form S-3 if we are eligible to file a registration statement on that form and the expected proceeds of such offering are at least $1,000,000. The other stockholders who are a party to the Registration Rights Agreement may also include their shares in any such registration. We must pay all expenses, except for underwriters' discounts and commissions, for all registrations on Form S-3.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

        The provisions of Delaware law and our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws, which will be effective upon the closing of this offering, may have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another party from acquiring control of our company in a coercive manner as described below. These provisions, summarized below, are expected to discourage and prevent coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of our company to first negotiate with our board of directors. They are also intended to provide our management with the flexibility to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability if our board of directors determines that a takeover is

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not in our best interests or the best interests of our stockholders. These provisions, however, could have the effect of discouraging attempts to acquire us, which could deprive our stockholders of opportunities to sell their shares of common stock at prices higher than prevailing market prices. We believe that the benefits of these provisions, including increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure our company, outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging takeover proposals, because negotiation of takeover proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.

Delaware Law

        We will be subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law regulating corporate takeovers. In general, those provisions prohibit a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless:

        Section 203 defines business combination to include the following:

        In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by any of these entities or persons. The statute could prohibit or delay mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts and, accordingly, may discourage attempts to acquire us.

Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

        Following the completion of this offering, our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws will provide for:

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        The provisions described above are intended to promote continuity and stability in the composition of our board of directors and in the policies formulated by the board, and to discourage some types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened change of control. We expect these provisions would reduce our vulnerability to unsolicited acquisition attempts as well as discourage some tactics that may be used in proxy fights. Such provisions, however, could discourage others from making tender offers for our shares and, as a consequence, may also inhibit increases in the market price of our common stock that could result from actual or rumored takeover attempts. These provisions could also operate to prevent changes in our management.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

        The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

Listing

        We have applied for listing of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol "RST."

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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME AND ESTATE TAX CONSIDERATIONS
TO NON-U.S. HOLDERS

        The following discussion summarizes the material U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock by certain non-U.S. holders (as defined below). This discussion only applies to non-U.S. holders who purchase and hold our common stock as a capital asset for U.S. federal income tax purposes (generally property held for investment). This discussion does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to a non-U.S. holder in light of its particular circumstances.

        For purposes of this discussion, a "non-U.S. holder" means a person (other than a partnership) that is not for U.S. federal income tax purposes any of the following:

        This discussion is based upon provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, and Treasury regulations, rulings and judicial decisions as of the date hereof. These authorities may change, perhaps retroactively, which could result in U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences different from those summarized below. This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income and estate taxes and does not describe any foreign, state, local or other tax considerations that may be relevant to non-U.S. holders in light of their particular circumstances. In addition, this discussion does not describe the U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences applicable to a non-U.S. holder who is subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws (including a United States expatriate, a "controlled foreign corporation," a "passive foreign investment company," a corporation that accumulates earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax, a pass-through entity or an investor in a pass-through entity, or a tax-exempt organization or an insurance company). We cannot assure you that a change in law will not significantly alter the tax considerations that we describe in this discussion.

        If a partnership (or any other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our common stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner of that partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding our common stock, you should consult your tax advisors.

        THIS DISCUSSION IS PROVIDED FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE LEGAL ADVICE TO ANY PROSPECTIVE PURCHASER OF OUR COMMON STOCK. ADDITIONALLY, THIS DISCUSSION CANNOT BE USED BY ANY HOLDER FOR THE PURPOSE OF AVOIDING TAX PENALTIES THAT MAY BE IMPOSED ON SUCH HOLDER. IF YOU ARE CONSIDERING THE PURCHASE OF OUR COMMON STOCK, YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME AND ESTATE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF PURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF OUR COMMON STOCK IN LIGHT OF YOUR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES AND ANY

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CONSEQUENCES ARISING UNDER THE LAWS OF APPLICABLE STATE, LOCAL OR FOREIGN TAXING JURISDICTIONS. YOU SHOULD ALSO CONSULT WITH YOUR TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING ANY POSSIBLE ENACTMENT OF LEGISLATION THAT WOULD AFFECT YOUR INVESTMENT IN OUR COMMON STOCK IN YOUR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.

Distributions on Common Stock

        In general, if distributions are made with respect to our common stock, such distributions will be treated as dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits as determined under the Code and will be subject to withholding as discussed below. Any portion of a distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits will first be applied to reduce the non-U.S. holder's basis in the common stock and, to the extent such portion exceeds the non-U.S. holder's basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition of the common stock, the tax treatment of which is discussed below under "Dispositions of Common Stock." In addition, if we are a U.S. real property holding corporation, or a USRPHC, which we believe that we are not and do not expect to become, and any distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, we will need to choose to satisfy our withholding requirements either by treating the entire distribution as a dividend, subject to the withholding rules in the following paragraph (and withhold at a minimum rate of 10% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty), or by treating only the amount of the distribution equal to our reasonable estimate of our current and accumulated earnings and profits as a dividend, with the excess portion of the distribution subject to withholding as if such excess were the result of a sale of shares in a USRPHC (discussed below under "—Disposition of Common Stock").

        Dividends paid to a non-U.S. holder of our common stock will generally be subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. But dividends that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business by the non-U.S. holder within the United States (and, where a tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States) are not subject to the withholding tax, provided certain certification and disclosure requirements are satisfied. Instead, such dividends are subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis in the same manner as if the non-U.S. holder were a United States person as defined under the Code, unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise. Any such effectively connected dividends received by a foreign corporation may be subject to an additional "branch profits tax" at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.

        A non-U.S. holder of our common stock who wishes to claim the benefit of an applicable treaty rate and avoid backup withholding, as discussed below, for dividends will be required to (a) complete Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN (or other applicable form) and certify under penalty of perjury that such holder is not a United States person as defined under the Code and is eligible for treaty benefits, or (b) if our common stock is held through certain foreign intermediaries, satisfy the relevant certification requirements of applicable Treasury regulations. Special certification and other requirements apply to certain non-U.S. holders that are pass-through entities rather than corporations or individuals.

        A non-U.S. holder of our common stock eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an income tax treaty may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the Internal Revenue Service.

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Disposition of Common Stock

        Any gain realized by a non-U.S. holder on the disposition of our common stock will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless:

        A non-U.S. holder described in the first bullet point immediately above will be subject to tax on the net gain derived from the sale under regular graduated U.S. federal income tax rates, and if it is a corporation, may be subject to the branch profits tax equal to 30% of its effectively connected earnings and profits or at such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty. An individual non-U.S. holder described in the second bullet point immediately above will be subject to a flat 30% tax on the gain derived from the sale, which may be offset by U.S. source capital losses, even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States. A non-U.S. holder described in the third bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax under regular graduated U.S. federal income tax rates with respect to the gain recognized.

U.S. Federal Estate Tax

        Our common stock beneficially owned by an individual who is not a citizen or resident of the United States (as defined for U.S. federal estate tax purposes) at the time of death will generally be includable in the decedent's gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, unless an applicable treaty provides otherwise.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

        We must report annually to the Internal Revenue Service and to each non-U.S. holder the amount of dividends paid to such non-U.S. holder and the tax withheld with respect to such dividends, regardless of whether withholding was required. Copies of the information returns reporting such dividends and withholding may also be made available to the tax authorities in the country in which the non-U.S. holder resides under the provisions of an applicable income tax treaty.

        A non-U.S. holder will be subject to backup withholding for dividends paid to such non-U.S. holder unless such non-U.S. holder certifies under penalty of perjury that it is a non-U.S. holder (and the payor does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that such non-U.S. holder is a United States person as defined under the Code), or such non-U.S. holder otherwise establishes an exemption.

        Information reporting and, depending on the circumstances, backup withholding will apply to the proceeds of a sale of our common stock within the United States or conducted through certain United States-related financial intermediaries, unless the beneficial owner certifies under penalty of perjury that it is a non-U.S. holder (and the payor does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that the beneficial owner is a United States person as defined under the Code), and such owner otherwise establishes an exemption.

        Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a non-U.S. holder's U.S. federal income tax liability provided the required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

        Before this offering, there has not been a public market for our common stock. As described below, only a limited number of shares currently outstanding will be available for sale immediately after this offering due to contractual and legal restrictions on resale. Nevertheless, future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, including shares issued upon exercise of outstanding options, in the public market after the restrictions lapse, or the possibility of such sales, could cause the prevailing market price of our common stock to fall or impair our ability to raise equity capital in the future.

        Upon completion of this offering, we will have outstanding                 shares of our common stock, after giving effect to the conversion of each share of our outstanding preferred stock of all classes into 20 shares of our common stock, and assuming that there are no exercises of outstanding options after December 31, 2008. Of these shares, all of the                                     shares sold in this offering will be freely tradable in the public market without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, unless these shares are held by our affiliates, as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Shares purchased by our affiliates may not be resold except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an exemption from registration, including the exemption under Rule 144 of the Securities Act described below.

        After this offering, and assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option,                                     shares of our common stock held by existing stockholders will be restricted securities, as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. These restricted securities may be sold in the public market only if they are registered or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144 or 701 under the Securities Act. These rules are summarized below. Subject to the lock-up agreements described below and the provisions of Rule 144 and Rule 701, these restricted securities will be available for sale in the public market as follows:

Number of
shares
 
Date of availability for sale
                   180 to 214 days after the date of this prospectus

                

 

180 to 214 days after the date of this prospectus, upon the exercise of vested options

Lock-Up Agreements

        In connection with this offering, officers, directors, employees and stockholders, who together hold an aggregate of                 shares of our common stock, have agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to directly or indirectly sell or dispose of any shares of common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of common stock for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, and in specific circumstances, up to an additional 34 days, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co., Incorporated. For additional information, see "Underwriting." In addition, each of our existing stockholders and option holders is subject to a 180 day lock-up in favor of our company pursuant to the terms of a registration rights agreement to which our stockholders are a party or the terms of their option award agreements.

Rule 144

        In general, under Rule 144, beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, a person who is not our affiliate and has not been our affiliate at any time during the preceding three months will be entitled to sell any shares of our common stock that such person has beneficially owned for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, without regard to volume limitations. Sales of our common stock by any such person would be subject to the availability of current public information about us if the shares to be sold were beneficially owned by such person for less than one year.

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        In addition, under Rule 144, a person may sell shares of our common stock acquired from us immediately upon the closing of this offering, without regard to volume limitations or the availability of public information about us, if:

        Beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, our affiliates who have beneficially owned shares of our common stock for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our affiliates, would be entitled to sell within any three-month period a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of:

        Sales under Rule 144 by our affiliates are also subject to manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about us.

Rule 701

        Any employee, officer or director of our company, or consultant to our company who purchased shares under a written compensatory plan or contract may be entitled to sell them in reliance on Rule 701. Rule 701 permits affiliates to sell their Rule 701 shares under Rule 144 without complying with the holding period requirements of Rule 144. Rule 701 further provides that non-affiliates may sell these shares in reliance on Rule 144 without complying with the holding period, public information, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144. All holders of Rule 701 shares are required to wait until 90 days after the date of this prospectus before selling those shares. However, all shares issued under Rule 701 are subject to lock-up agreements and will only become eligible for sale when the 180-day lock-up agreements expire.

Stock Plans

        We plan on filing a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act covering            shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options under our 2006 Plan and 2009 Plan and shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our 2009 Plan. We expect to file this registration statement as soon as practicable after this offering. However, no resale of these registered shares shall occur until after the 180-day lock-up period.

Registration Rights

        At any time after 180 days following this offering, certain holders of common stock may demand that we register their shares under the Securities Act or, if we file another registration statement under the Securities Act other than a Form S-8 covering securities issuable under our stock plans, may elect to include their shares in such registration. If these shares are registered, they will be freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act. For additional information, see "Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights."

        We have agreed not to file any registration statements during the 180-day period after the date of this prospectus with respect to the registration of any shares of common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable into common stock, other than one or more registration statements on Form S-8 covering securities issuable under our stock plans, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co., Incorporated.

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UNDERWRITERS

        Under the terms and subject to the conditions in an underwriting agreement, the underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated is acting as representative, have severally agreed to purchase, and we and the selling stockholders have agreed to sell to them, severally, the number of shares indicated below:

Name
 
Number of Shares
 
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated        
William Blair & Company, L.L.C.         
Jefferies & Company, Inc.         
Piper Jaffray & Co.         
Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated        
       
  Total                       

        The underwriters and the representative are collectively referred to as the "underwriters" and the "representative," respectively. The underwriters are offering the shares of common stock subject to their acceptance of the shares from us and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus if any such shares are taken. However, the underwriters are not required to take or pay for the shares covered by the underwriters' over-allotment option described below. If an underwriter defaults, the underwriting agreement provides that the purchase commitments of the non-defaulting underwriters may be increased, or, in the case of a default with respect to the shares covered by the underwriters' over-allotment described below, the underwriting agreement may be terminated.

        The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the shares of common stock directly to the public at the offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus and part to certain dealers. After the initial offering of the shares of common stock, the offering price and other selling terms may from time to time be varied by the representative.

        The selling stockholders have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to                additional shares of common stock at the public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriters may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the offering of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus. To the extent the option is exercised, each underwriter will become obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase the same percentage of the additional shares of common stock as the number listed next to the underwriter's name in the preceding table bears to the total number of shares of common stock listed next to the names of all underwriters in the preceding table.

        The following table shows the per share and total public offering price, underwriting discounts and commissions, and proceeds before expenses to us and the selling stockholders. These amounts are

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shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase up to an additional                shares of common stock.

 
  Total  
 
  Per Share   No Exercise   Full Exercise  

Public offering price

  $     $     $    

Underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid by:

                   
 

Us

  $     $     $    
 

The selling stockholders

  $     $     $    

Proceeds, before expenses, to us

  $     $     $    

Proceeds, before expenses, to selling stockholders

  $     $     $    

        The estimated offering expenses payable by us, exclusive of the underwriting discounts and commissions, are approximately $                        .

        The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend sales to discretionary accounts to exceed 5% of the total number of shares of common stock offered by them.

        We have applied to list our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol "RST."

        We and all directors and officers and the holders of all of our outstanding stock and stock options have agreed that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated on behalf of the underwriters and subject to certain exceptions, we and they will not, during the period ending 180 days after the date of this prospectus:

whether any such transaction described in the first two bullet points above is to be settled by delivery of common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. In addition, we and each such person agree that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated on behalf of the underwriters, they will not, during the period ending 180 days after the date of this prospectus, make any demand for, or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any shares of common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock.

        The restrictions described in the immediately preceding paragraph to do not apply to, among other things:

        The 180-day restricted period described in the preceding paragraph will be extended if:

127


in which case the restrictions described in the preceding paragraph will continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.

        In order to facilitate the offering of the common stock, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the common stock. Specifically, the underwriters may sell more shares than they are obligated to purchase under the underwriting agreement, creating a short position. A short sale is "covered" if the short position is no greater than the number of shares available for purchase by the underwriters under the over-allotment option. The underwriters can close out a covered short sale by exercising the over-allotment option or purchasing shares in the open market. In determining the source of shares to close out a covered short sale, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the open market price of shares compared to the price available under the over-allotment option. The underwriters may also sell shares in excess of the over-allotment option, creating a naked short position. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A "naked" short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. As an additional means of facilitating this offering, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares of common stock in the open market to stabilize the price of the common stock. These activities may raise or maintain the market price of the common stock above independent market levels or prevent or retard a decline in the market price of the common stock. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may end any of these activities at any time.

        We, the selling stockholders and the underwriters have agreed to indemnify each other against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make because of any of these liabilities.

        A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites maintained by one or more underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in this offering. The representative may agree to allocate a number of shares of common stock to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the representative to underwriters that may make internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.

        While the underwriters have not performed investment banking, commercial banking or advisory services for us, the underwriters may, from time to time in the future, engage in transactions with and perform services for us or our affiliates in the ordinary course of their business.

Pricing of the Offering

        Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. The initial public offering price will be determined by negotiations between us and the representative. Among the factors considered in determining the initial public offering price will be our future prospects and those of our industry in general, our sales, earnings and certain other financial and operating information in recent periods, and the price-earnings ratios, price-sales ratios, market prices of securities, and other financial and operating information of companies engaged in activities similar to ours. We cannot assure you, however, that the prices at which the shares will sell in the public market after this offering will not be lower than the initial public offering price or that an active trading market in our common stock will develop and continue after this offering.

128


Directed Share Program

        At our request, the underwriters have reserved five percent of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus for sale, at the initial public offering price, to directors, officers, employees, business associates and related persons of our company. The number of shares of common stock available for sale to the general public will be reduced to the extent these individuals purchase such reserved shares. Any reserved shares that are not so purchased will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same basis as the other shares offered by this prospectus.

European Economic Area

        In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive, each Manager has represented and agreed that with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Member State it has not made and will not make an offer of shares of our common stock to the public in that Member State, except that it may, with effect from and including such date, make an offer of shares of our common stock to the public in that Member State:

For the purposes of the above, the expression an "offer of shares of our common stock to the public" in relation to any shares of our common stock in any Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the shares of our common stock to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the shares of our common stock, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State and the expression Prospectus Directive means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in that Member State.

United Kingdom

        Each Manager has represented and agreed that it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000) in connection with the issue or sale of the shares of our common stock in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of such Act does not apply to us and it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of such Act with respect to anything done by it in relation to any shares of our common stock in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

129



LEGAL MATTERS

        Fulbright & Jaworski L.L.P., Houston, Texas, will pass upon the validity of the issuance of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus. Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, Reston, Virginia, is representing the underwriters in this offering.


EXPERTS

        The consolidated balance sheets of Rosetta Stone Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows of the predecessor, Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. and subsidiary, for the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, and of Rosetta Stone Inc. and subsidiaries for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, included in this prospectus have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing herein in the registration statement (which report expresses an unqualified opinion on the financial statements and includes an explanatory paragraph referring to the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 ). Such financial statements are included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.


WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

        We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1, including exhibits, under the Securities Act with respect to the common stock to be sold in this offering. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information in the registration statement or the exhibits. Statements made in this prospectus regarding the contents of any contract, agreement or other document are only summaries. With respect to each contract, agreement or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, we refer you to the exhibit for a more complete description of the matter involved.

        We are not currently subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As a result of the offering of the shares of our common stock, we will become subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and, in accordance therewith, will file reports and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy all or any portion of the registration statement or any reports, statements or other information in the files at the public reference room of the SEC located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.

        You can request copies of these documents upon payment of a duplicating fee by writing to the SEC. You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of its public reference room. Our filings, including the registration statement, will also be available to you on the web site maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov .

        We intend to furnish our stockholders with annual reports containing consolidated financial statements audited by our independent auditors, and to make available to our stockholders quarterly reports for the first three quarters of each year containing unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

130



INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
  Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

  F-2

Consolidated Balance Sheets

 
F-3

Consolidated Statements of Operations

 
F-4

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

 
F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 
F-6

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

 
F-7

F-1



REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors
Rosetta Stone Inc.
Arlington, VA

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Rosetta Stone Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company" and "Successor") as of December 31, 2007 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008. We have also audited the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. and subsidiary (the "Predecessor") for the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's and the Predecessor's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company and the Predecessor are not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of their internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's and the Predecessor's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2007 and 2008, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 and of the Predecessor for the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

As discussed in Notes 2 and 16 to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the accounting provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 ("FIN No. 48").

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

McLean, Virginia
February 23, 2009

F-2



ROSETTA STONE INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

 
  As of December 31,   Pro Forma
As of
December 31,
2008
 
 
  2007   2008  
 
   
   
  (Unaudited)
 

Assets:

                   

Current assets:

                   
 

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 21,691   $ 30,626   $ 30,626  
 

Restricted cash

    393     34     34  
 

Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $627, $1,103 and $1,103, respectively)

    11,852     26,497     26,497  
 

Inventory, net

    3,861     4,912     4,912  
 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

    3,872     6,598     6,598  
 

Deferred income taxes

    848     2,282     2,282  
               
   

Total current assets

    42,517     70,949     70,949  

Property and equipment, net

    13,445     15,727     15,727  

Goodwill

    34,199     34,199     34,199  

Intangible assets, net

    13,661     10,645     10,645  

Deferred income taxes

    6,085     6,828     6,828  

Other assets

    469     470     470  
               
   

Total assets

  $ 110,376   $ 138,818   $ 138,818  
               

Liabilities and stockholders' equity:

                   

Current liabilities:

                   
 

Accounts payable

  $ 4,636   $ 3,207   $ 3,207  
 

Accrued compensation

    4,940     8,570     8,570  
 

Other current liabilities

    11,421     21,353     21,353  
 

Deferred revenue

    12,045     14,382     14,382  
 

Current maturities of long-term debt—related party (Note 9)

    3,400     4,250     4,250  
               
   

Total current liabilities

    36,442     51,762     51,762  

Long-term debt—related party (Note 9)

    9,909     5,660     5,660  

Deferred revenue

    894     1,362     1,362  

Other long-term liabilities

    6     963     963  
               
   

Total liabilities

    47,251     59,747     59,747  

Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)

                   
 

Class B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock $0.001 par value; 48 shares authorized; 48, zero and zero shares issued and outstanding, liquidation preference of $4,762, zero and zero at December 31, 2007, December 31, 2008, and pro forma December 31, 2008 (unaudited), respectively

    5,000          

Stockholders' equity:

                   
 

Class A, Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value; 269 shares authorized; 269, 269 and zero shares issued and outstanding, liquidation preference of $26,876, $26,876 and zero at December 31, 2007, December 31, 2008 and pro forma December 31, 2008 (unaudited), respectively

    26,876     26,876      
 

Class A, Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value; 178 shares authorized; 178, 178, and zero shares issued and outstanding, liquidation preference of $17,820, $17,820, and zero at December 31, 2007, December 31, 2008 and pro forma December 31, 2008 (unaudited), respectively

    17,820     17,820      
 

Class B Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value; 115,000 shares authorized; 63, 111 and zero shares issued and outstanding, liquidation preference of $6,341, $11,341 and zero at December 31, 2007, 2008 and pro forma December 31, 2008 (unaudited), respectively

    6,341     11,341      
 

Class A Convertible Common Stock, $0.001, $0.00005 and $0.00005 par value at December 31, 2007, December 31, 2008 and pro forma December 31, 2008 (unaudited), repectively; 900 shares authorized; zero shares issued and outstanding

             
 

Class B Convertible Common Stock, $0.001, $0.00005 and $0.00005 par value at December 31, 2007, December 31, 2008 and pro forma December 31, 2008 (unaudited), repectively; 20,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued and outstanding

             
 

Non-Designated Common Stock, $0.001, $0.00005 and $0.00005 par value at December 31, 2007, December 31, 2008 and pro forma December 31, 2008 (unaudited), respectively; 39,100 shares authorized; 1,413, 1,489 and 12,649 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2007, December 31, 2008 and pro forma December 31, 2008 (unaudited), respectively

    1     1     2  
 

Additional paid-in capital

    8,613     10,814     66,850  
 

Accumulated income (loss)

    (1,470 )   12,422     12,422  
 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

    (56 )   (203 )   (203 )
               
   

Total stockholders' equity

    58,125     79,071     79,071  
               

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

  $ 110,376   $ 138,818   $ 138,818  
               

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-3



ROSETTA STONE INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands except per share amounts)

 
  Predecessor   Sucessor  
 
  Period From
January 1, through
January 4,
2006
  Period From
January 4, through
December 31,
2006
  Year Ended
December 31,
2007
  Year Ended
December 31,
2008
 

Revenue:

                         
 

Product

  $ 178   $ 80,604   $ 119,897   $ 184,182  
 

Subscription and service

    94     10,694     17,424     25,198  
                   
   

Total revenue

    272     91,298     137,321     209,380  

Cost of revenue:

                         
 

Cost of product revenue

    199     11,549     19,055     26,539  
 

Cost of subscription and service revenue

    4     992     1,632     2,137  
                   
   

Total cost of revenue

    203     12,541     20,687     28,676  
                   

Gross profit

    69     78,757     116,634     180,704  
                   

Operating expenses:

                         
 

Sales and marketing

    695     45,854     65,437     93,384  
 

Research and development

    41     8,117     12,893     18,387  
 

Acquired in-process research and development

        12,597          
 

General and administrative

    142     16,590     29,786     39,577  
 

Lease abandonment

                1,831  
 

Transaction-related expenses

    10,315              
                   
     

Total operating expenses

    11,193     83,158     108,116     153,179  
                   

Income (loss) from operations

    (11,124 )   (4,401 )   8,518     27,525  

Other income and expense:

                         
 

Interest income

        613     673     454  
 

Interest expense

        (1,560 )   (1,331 )   (891 )
 

Other income

    3     60     154     239  
                   
     

Total other income (expense)

    3     (887 )   (504 )   (198 )
                   

Income (loss) before income taxes

    (11,121 )   (5,288 )   8,014     27,327  

Income tax provision (benefit)

        (1,240 )   5,435     13,435  
                   

Net income (loss)

    (11,121 )   (4,048 )   2,579     13,892  

Preferred stock accretion

        (159 )   (80 )    
                   

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

  $ (11,121 ) $ (4,207 ) $ 2,499   $ 13,892  
                   

Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:

                         
 

Basic

  $ (37,194 ) $ (3.42 ) $ 1.91   $ 9.48  
                   
 

Diluted

  $ (37,194 ) $ (3.42 ) $ 0.20   $ 1.07  
                   

Common shares and equivalents outstanding:

                         
 

Basic weighted average shares

    0.299     1,230     1,310     1,465  
                   
 

Diluted weighted average shares

    0.299     1,230     12,718     13,018  
                   

Unaudited pro forma net income per common share:

                         
 

Basic

                    $ 1.10  
                         
 

Diluted

                    $ 1.07  
                         

Unaudited pro forma common shares and equivalents outstanding:

                         
 

Basic weighted average shares

                      12,625  
                         
 

Diluted weighted average shares

                      13,018  
                         

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-4


ROSETTA STONE INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(in thousands)

 
  Class A,
Series A-1
Convertible
Preferred Stock
  Class A,
Series A-2
Convertible
Preferred Stock
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
  Class B
Convertible
Preferred Stock
  Class A
Convertible
Common Stock
  Class B
Convertible
Common Stock
  Non-Designated
Common Stock
  Predecessor
Common Stock
   
   
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
(loss)
   
 
 
   
   
  Total
Stockholders'
Equity
(Deficit)
 
 
  Additional
Paid-in
Capital
  Accumulated
Income
(loss)
 
 
  Shares   Amount   Shares   Amount   Shares   Amount   Shares   Amount   Shares   Amount   Shares   Amount   Shares   Amount  

Predecessor
                                                                                                             

Balance—January 1, 2006

      $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 439       $ 8,543   $ 3   $ 8,985  
                                                                           
 

Stock-based compensation expense related to issuance of common stock

                                                            5,930             5,930  
 

Comprehensive loss:

                                                                                                             
   

Net loss

                                                                (11,121 )       (11,121 )
                                                                           
   

Total comprehensive loss

                                                                        (11,121 )
                                                                           

Balance—January 4, 2006

      $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 439   $ 5,930   $ (2,578 ) $ 3   $ 3,794  
                                                                           
   

Successor
                                                                                                             

Balance—January 4, 2006

      $       $       $       $       $       $       $   $   $ (1 ) $   $ (1 )
 

Sale of Common and Preferred stock

    269     26,876     178     17,820             613     1     380                         4,966             49,663  
 

Stock issued for acquisition of subsidiary

                    63     6,341     247                                 1,233             7,574  
 

Conversion of Class A and B Convertible Common

                                                                                                           
   

Stock to Non-Designated Common Stock

                            (860 )   (1 )   (380 )       1,240     1                            
 

Stock-based compensation expense

                                                            561             561  
 

Accretion of Redeemable Convertible Class

                                                                                                           
     

B Preferred Stock to redemption value

                                                            (159 )           (159 )
 

Comprehensive loss:

                                                                                                           
   

Net loss

                                                                (4,048 )       (4,048 )
   

Foreign currency translation loss, net of tax of $14

                                                                    (42 )   (42 )
                                                                           
   

Total comprehensive loss

                                                                        (4,090 )
                                                                           

Balance—December 31, 2006

    269     26,876     178     17,820     63     6,341                     1,240     1             6,601     (4,049 )   (42 )   53,548  
 

Stock issued upon the exercise of stock options

                                            173                 765             765  
 

Stock-based compensation expense

                                                            1,327             1,327  
 

Accretion of Redeemable Convertible Class B Preferred Stock to redemption value

                                                            (80 )           (80 )
 

Comprehensive income (loss):

                                                                                                             
   

Net income

                                                                2,579         2,579  
   

Foreign currency translation loss, net of tax of $6

                                                                    (14 )   (14 )
                                                                           
   

Total comprehensive income

                                                                        2,565  
                                                                           

Balance—December 31, 2007

    269     26,876     178     17,820     63     6,341                     1,413     1             8,613     (1,470 )   (56 )   58,125  
 

Stock issued upon the exercise of stock options

                                            76                 365             365  
 

Stock-based compensation expense

                                                            1,590             1,590  
 

Tax benefit on stock options exercised

                                                            246             246  
 

Expiration of redemption rights of Class B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

                    48     5,000                                                 5,000  
 

Comprehensive income:

                                                                                                             
   

Net income

                                                                13,892         13,892  
   

Foreign currency translation loss, net of taxes of $52

                                                                    (147 )   (147 )
                                                                           
   

Total comprehensive income

                                                                        13,745  
                                                                           

Balance—December 31, 2008

    269   $ 26,876     178   $ 17,820     111   $ 11,341       $       $     1,489   $ 1       $   $ 10,814   $ 12,422   $ (203 ) $ 79,071  
                                                                           

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-5



ROSETTA STONE INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
  Period From
January 1,
through
January 4,
2006
  Period From
January 4,
through
December 31,
2006
  Year Ended
December 31,
2007
  Year Ended
December 31,
2008
 

Cash Flows From Operating Activities:

                         
 

Net income (loss)

  $ (11,121 ) $ (4,048 ) $ 2,579   $ 13,892  
 

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

                         
   

Stock-based compensation expense

    5,930     561     1,327     1,590  
   

Compensation expense related to put-options

        11     (7 )    
   

Bad debt expense

        411     828     1,611  
   

Depreciation and amortization

    10     6,515     7,769     7,075  
   

Amortization of deferred financing costs

        105     104     104  
   

(Gain) loss on embedded derivative

        28     (29 )   (4 )
   

Acquired in-process research and development

        12,597          
   

Deferred income tax benefit

        (5,634 )   (1,299 )   (2,177 )
   

Loss on disposal of equipment

        90     193     17  
   

Net change in:

                         
     

Restricted cash

        (10 )   (383 )   359  
     

Accounts receivable

    4,141     (5,190 )   (4,010 )   (16,494 )
     

Inventory

    (5 )   (520 )   (2,563 )   (1,092 )
     

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

    130     (2,556 )   (139 )   (1,041 )
     

Other assets

    63     (322 )   (169 )   (91 )
     

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

    1,214     930     2,630     (1,430 )
     

Accrued compensation

    4,439     (3,428 )   1,348     3,933  
     

Other current liabilities

        2,556     2,760     8,072  
     

Other long-term liabilities

                963  
     

Deferred revenue

    (47 )   3,044     4,830     3,051  
                   
       

Net cash provided by operating activities

    4,754     5,140     15,769     18,338  
                   

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:

                         
   

Purchases of property and equipment

        (3,665 )   (9,167 )   (7,019 )
   

Proceeds from sale of securities-available-for-sale

        7          
   

Purchase of intangible assets

        (12 )        
   

Acquisition, net of cash acquired

        2,437          
   

Loans to employees and stockholders

    (2,503 )   (9 )        
   

Proceeds from employee and stockholder loans

        28     2      
                   
       

Net cash used in investing activities

    (2,503 )   (1,214 )   (9,165 )   (7,019 )
                   

Cash Flows From Financing Activities:

                         
   

Proceeds from stock issuance

        49,663          
   

Proceeds from the exercise of stock options

            765     365  
   

Tax benefit of stock options exercised

                246  
   

Costs incurred for intended initial public offering

                (1,801 )
   

Proceeds from long-term debt

        17,000          
   

Debt issuance costs

        (517 )        
   

Payment of promissory note related to acquisition

        (51,924 )        
   

Payments under capital lease obligations

    (2 )   (33 )   (16 )   (12 )
   

Principal payments under long-term debt

        (1,139 )   (2,550 )   (3,402 )
   

Payment of dividends to stockholders

    (3,750 )            
                   
       

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

    (3,752 )   13,050     (1,801 )   (4,604 )
                   

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

    (1,501 )   16,976     4,803     6,715  

Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents

        (59 )   (29 )   2,220  
                   

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

    (1,501 )   16,917     4,774     8,935  

Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period

    11,738         16,917     21,691  
                   

Cash and cash equivalents—end of period

  $ 10,237   $ 16,917   $ 21,691   $ 30,626  
                   

Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosure:

                         
 

Cash paid during the periods for:

                         
   

Interest

  $   $ 1,246   $ 1,259   $ 936  
                   
   

Income taxes, net

  $   $ 5,608   $ 4,821   $ 14,642  
                   
 

Noncash financing and investing activities:

                         
   

Accrued liability for purchase of property and equipment

  $   $ 413   $ 455   $ 1,076  
                   
   

Accrued stock dividend

  $   $   $   $  
                   
   

Issuance of stock for acquisition

  $   $ 12,336   $   $  
                   
   

Issuance of promissory note for acquisition

  $   $ 51,924   $   $  
                   
   

Settlement of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. stockholder receivables upon acquisition

  $   $ 5,940   $   $  
                   
   

Accrued liability for acquisition costs

  $   $ 1,105   $   $  
                   

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-6



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

        Rosetta Stone Inc. and subsidiaries ("Rosetta Stone," the "Company" or the "Successor") develops, markets and supports a suite of language learning software products under the Rosetta Stone brand name. The Company's software products are sold on a direct basis and through select retailers. The Company provides its software applications to customers through the sale of CD-ROM's and on line subscriptions. Rosetta Stone Inc. was incorporated on December 23, 2005 in the state of Delaware and acquired Rosetta Stone Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation, on January 4, 2006, as discussed in Note 4. Rosetta Stone Holdings Inc. acquired Rosetta Stone Ltd. (formerly Fairfield & Sons, Ltd.) and Rosetta Stone (UK), Limited (formerly Fairfield & Sons UK Limited), (collectively the "Predecessor") on January 4, 2006. The acquisition of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. occurred at 4:00 PM on January 4, 2006. Rosetta Stone Inc. has five wholly owned operating subsidiaries—Rosetta Stone Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation, Rosetta Stone Ltd., a Virginia corporation, Rosetta Stone International Inc., a Delaware corporation, Rosetta Stone (UK), a corporation incorporated under the laws of England and Wales, and Rosetta Stone Japan Inc., a company incorporated under the laws of Japan.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

        The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Rosetta Stone Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries subsequent to the closing on January 4, 2006 and Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. and subsidiary prior to the closing on January 4, 2006. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unaudited Pro Forma Presentation

        The pro forma balance sheet as of December 31, 2008 and pro forma net income per common share for the year ended December 31, 2008, reflect the conversion of all outstanding shares of the Company's Class A, Series A-1 and A-2, and Class B Convertible Preferred stock into an aggregate of 11,159,780 shares of common stock assuming the completion of the initial public offering had occurred.

Use of Estimates

        The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires that management make certain estimates and assumptions. Significant estimates and assumptions have been made regarding the allowance for doubtful accounts, estimated sales returns, stock-based compensation, fair value of assets and liabilities acquired, lease abandonment accrual, fair value of intangibles and goodwill, fair value of stock issued, fair values of embedded derivatives and put options, inventory reserve, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent litigation. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

        Revenue is primarily derived from the sale of packaged software and audio practice products, online software subscriptions and professional services. Revenue is recognized for software products and related services in accordance with the Statement of Position ("SOP") No. 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition , as amended by SOP No. 98-9, Modification of SOP No. 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, with Respect to Certain Transactions , and the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Staff

F-7



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)


Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 101, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements , as amended by SAB No. 104, Revenue Recognition, Corrected Copy .

        Revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met: there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; the product has been delivered or services have been rendered; the fee is fixed and determinable; and collectability is probable. Revenues from packaged software and audio practice products and online software subscriptions are recorded net of discounts.

        Revenue is recognized from the sale of packaged software and audio practice products when the product has been delivered, assuming the remaining revenue recognition criteria have been met. Software products include sales to end user customers and resellers. In most cases, revenue from sales to resellers is not contingent upon resale of the software to the end user and is recorded in the same manner as all other product sales. Revenue from sales of packaged software products are recognized as the products are shipped and title passes. A limited amount of packaged software products are sold to resellers on a consignment basis. Revenue is recognized for these consignment transactions once the end-user sale has occurred, assuming the remaining revenue recognition criteria have been met. Customers are permitted to make payments for packaged software purchases in installments over a period of time, which typically ranges between three and five months. Given that these installment payment plans are for periods less then twelve months and a successful collection history has been established, revenue is recognized at the time of sale, assuming the remaining revenue recognition criteria have been met. Packaged software is provided to customers with a six-month right of return. We also allow our retailers to return unsold products, subject to some limitations. In accordance with SFAS No. 48, Revenue Recognition When Right of Return Exists , product revenue is reduced for estimated returns, which are based on historical returns rates.

        Revenue for software license agreements sold via online software subscriptions as hosting agreements are recognized in accordance with EITF No. 00-3: Application of AICPA Statement of Position 97-2 to Arrangements That Include the Right to Use Software Stored on Another Entity's Hardware . Revenue for online software subscriptions is recognized ratably over the term of the subscription period, assuming all revenue recognition criteria have been met, which typically ranges between three and twelve months. Some online licensing arrangements include a specified number of licenses that can be activated over a period of time, which typically ranges between twelve and twenty-four months. Revenue for these arrangements is recognized on a per license basis ratably over the term of the individual license subscription period, assuming all revenue recognition criteria have been met, which typically ranges between three and twelve months. Revenue for set-up fees related to online licensing arrangements is recognized ratably over the term of the online licensing arrangement, assuming all revenue recognition criteria have been met. Accounts receivable and deferred revenue are recorded at the time a customer enters into a binding subscription agreement and the subscription services are made available to the customer. Amounts received in advance of revenue recognition are classified as deferred revenue.

        In connection with packaged software product sales and online software subscriptions, technical support is provided to customers, including customers of resellers, at no additional charge. As the fee for technical support is included in the initial licensing fee, the technical support and services are generally provided within one year, the estimated cost of providing such support is deemed insignificant and no unspecified upgrades/enhancements are offered, technical support revenues are recognized

F-8



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)


together with the software product and license revenue. Costs associated with the technical support are accrued at the time of sale.

        In connection with packaged software product sales and online software subscriptions, accessory products, such as headsets, are provided to customers at no additional charge. In accordance with SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition , and EITF 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables , the headset and software are accounted for as separate elements or units of accounting. Revenue is recognized upon the delivery of both the software and accessory products.

        Revenue from the sale of packaged software products with specific upgrade rights is recognized in accordance with SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition . Revenue recognition for these sales is deferred until the earlier of the point at which sufficient vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) exist for the specific upgrade right or all elements of the arrangement have been delivered. As of December 31, 2007, the Company had not delivered specified upgrade rights and had not yet established VSOE for these upgrade rights. As of December 31, 2008, the specific upgrade rights expired and there were no undelivered elements for these arrangements. Deferred revenue related to these arrangements as of December 31, 2007 and 2008 was $2.4 million and zero, respectively.

        In accordance with EITF No. 01-9, Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer or a Reseller of the Vendor's Product , cash sales incentives to resellers are accounted for as a reduction of revenue, unless a specific identified benefit is identified and the fair value is reasonably determinable.

        The Company and the Predecessor have been engaged to develop language learning software for certain endangered languages under fixed fee arrangements. These arrangements also include contractual periods of post-contract support ("PCS") and online hosting services ranging from one to ten years. Revenue will be recognized ratably once the PCS and online hosting periods begin, over the longer of the PCS or online hosting period. When the current estimates of total contract revenue and contract cost indicate a loss for a fixed fee arrangement, a provision for the entire loss on the contract is recorded.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

        Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and demand deposits with financial institutions.

Restricted Cash

        Restricted cash is restricted for the reimbursement of funds to employees under the Company's flexible benefit plan and security for a credit card processing vendor.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

        Accounts receivable consist of amounts due to the Company from its normal business activities. The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts to reflect the expected non-collection of accounts receivable based on past collection history and specific risks identified.

F-9



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Inventories

        Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in first-out basis, or market. The Company reviews inventory for excess quantities and obsolescence based on its best estimates of future demand, product lifecycle status and product development plans. The Company uses historical information along with these future estimates to reserve for obsolete and potential obsolete inventory.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

        Accounts receivable and cash and cash equivalents subject the Company to its highest potential concentrations of credit risk. The Company reserves for credit losses and does not require collateral on its trade accounts receivable. In addition, the Company maintains cash and investment balances in accounts at various banks and brokerage firms. The Company is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for up to $100,000 at each bank. The Company's cash and cash equivalents may exceed the insured limits at times. The Company has not experienced any losses on cash and cash equivalent accounts to date and the Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk related to cash. The Company sells products to retailers, resellers, government agencies, and individual consumers and extends credit based on an evaluation of the customer's financial condition, without requiring collateral. Exposure to losses on receivables is principally dependent on each customer's financial condition. The Company monitors its exposure for credit losses and maintains allowances for anticipated losses. No customer accounted for more than 10% of Predecessor revenue during the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006. No customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company's revenue for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 or for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008. The Company had one customer that accounted for 27% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2007 and two customers that accounted for 38% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2008.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

        The carrying value of the Company's financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other accrued expenses, approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. Based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms, the carrying value of debt approximates fair value at December 31, 2007 and 2008.

F-10



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Property, Equipment and Software

        Property, equipment, and software are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation on property, leasehold improvements, equipment, and software is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:

Software

  3 years

Computer equipment

  3 - 5 years

Automobiles

  5 years

Furniture and equipment

  5 - 7 years

Building

  39 years

Building improvements

  15 years

Leasehold improvements

  4 - 7 years

Assets under capital leases

  lesser of lease term or economic life

        Expenses for repairs and maintenance that do not extend the life of equipment are charged to expense as incurred. Expenses for major renewals and betterments, which significantly extend the useful lives of existing property and equipment, are capitalized and depreciated. Upon retirement or disposition of property and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized.

Intangible Assets

        Intangible assets consist of acquired technology, including developed and core technology, customer related assets, trade name and trademark and other intangible assets. Those intangible assets with finite lives are recorded at cost and amortized on a straight line basis over their expected lives in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets ("SFAS No. 142"). On an annual basis, the Company reviews its indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment based on the fair value of indefinite lived intangible assets as compared to the carrying value in accordance with SFAS No. 142. In the event the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the assets, the assets are written down to their fair value. There has been no impairment of intangible assets during any of the periods presented.

Goodwill

        In accordance with SFAS No. 142, goodwill is not amortized and is tested for impairment annually on June 30th and whenever events and circumstances occur indicating goodwill might be impaired. As of June 30, 2006, 2007 and 2008, the Company reviewed the goodwill for impairment and determined that no impairment of goodwill was identified during any of the periods presented.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

        In accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets ("SFAS No. 144"), the Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets. SFAS No. 144 requires recognition of impairment of long-lived assets in the event that the net book value of such assets exceeds the future undiscounted net cash flows attributable to such assets. Impairment, if any, is recognized in the period of identification to the extent the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the fair

F-11



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)


value of such asset. Based on its analysis, the Company believes that no impairment of its long-lived assets was indicated as of December 31, 2007 and 2008.

Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity

        The Company issues financial instruments that have characteristics of both liabilities and equity. The Company accounts for these arrangements in accordance with SFAS No. 150, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity ("SFAS No. 150"), as well as related interpretations of this standard. Financial instruments falling within the scope of SFAS No. 150 consist of certain stock put options. In accordance with SFAS No. 150, these instruments are classified as liabilities, measured at fair value, and gains or losses arising from changes in fair value are recognized in current period earnings.

Derivative Instruments

        The Company enters into financing arrangements that consist of freestanding derivative instruments or are hybrid instruments that contain embedded derivative features. The Company accounts for these arrangements in accordance with SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("SFAS No. 133") and Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") No. 00-19 Accounting for Derivative Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company's Own Stock ("EITF No. 00-19"), as well as related interpretation of these standards. In accordance with these standards, derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet and are measured at fair values with gains or losses recognized in earnings. Embedded derivatives that are not clearly and closely related to the host contract are bifurcated and are recognized at fair value with changes in fair value recognized as either a gain or loss in earnings. The Company determines the fair value of derivative instruments and hybrid instruments based on available market data using appropriate valuation models, giving consideration to all of the rights and obligations of each instrument.

Stock Split

        On May 9, 2006, the Company completed a twenty-for-one split of its Class A Convertible Common Stock, Class B Convertible Common Stock and Non-Designated Common Stock. Shares of the Preferred Stock were not affected by the split except that their conversion ratios were adjusted accordingly. All Class A Convertible Common Stock, Class B Convertible Common Stock and Non-Designated Common Stock shares referenced throughout the consolidated financial statements are shown as affected for the split.

Guarantees

        Indemnifications are provided of varying scope and size to certain institutional customers against claims of intellectual property infringement made by third parties arising from the use of its products. Neither the Company nor the Predecessor have incurred any costs or accrued any liabilities as a result of such obligations.

F-12



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Cost of Revenue

        Cost of revenue consists of the direct and indirect costs to produce and distribute Rosetta Stone software. Inventory related costs include materials purchasing, inbound freight, inventory receiving, production assembly of boxed products, product royalty fees, storage of inventory, inventory obsolescence and inventory shrinkage. Distribution related costs include out-bound freight, fulfillment partner fees, internal shipping labor and packaging materials. Other costs included in cost of revenue include credit card processing fees, amortization of certain intangible assets, depreciation of fixed assets used, and the cost of technical support for customers.

Research and Development

        Research and development expenses include employee compensation costs, professional services fees and overhead costs associated with product development. Software products are developed for sale to external customers. The Company considers technological feasibility to be established when all planning, designing, coding, and testing has been completed according to design specifications. The Company has determined that technological feasibility for its software products is reached shortly before the products are released to manufacturing. Costs incurred after technological feasibility is established have not been material, and accordingly, the Company has expensed all research and development costs when incurred.

Transaction-Related Expenses

        Transaction-related expenses were incurred by Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. (Predecessor) during the period from January 1, 2006 to January 4, 2006 relating to the acquisition by Rosetta Stone Inc. (Successor) on January 4, 2006. Included in the expense were $5.9 million in expense related to restricted common stock, $3.1 million in cash bonuses and $1.2 million in acquisition-related bank fees.

Software Developed for Internal Use

        Product development also includes certain software products for internal use. Development costs for internal use software are expensed as incurred until the project reaches the application development stage, in accordance with SOP No. 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use . Internal-use software is defined to have the following characteristics: (a) the software is internally developed, or modified solely to meet the entity's internal needs, and (b) during the software's development or modification, no substantive plan exists or is being developed to market the software externally. Internally developed software is amortized over a three-year useful life.

        For the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, the Company capitalized $0.6 million, $1.1 million and $0.2 million in internal-use software, respectively.

        For the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, the Predecessor recorded amortization expense relating to internal-use software of zero. For the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, the Company recorded amortization expense relating to internal-use software of $0.2 million, $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

F-13



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Income Taxes

        For the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, no provision had been made for federal income taxes on the operations of the Predecessor, which was treated as S Corporation for purposes of federal and most state income taxes. Federal and most state income taxes were the responsibility of the Predecessor's stockholders, who were responsible for reporting their allocable shares of the Predecessor's income and deductions in their respective income tax returns.

        For the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, the Company accounted for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes ("SFAS No. 109"), which provides for an asset and liability approach to accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax consequences of the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities versus the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Under this method, deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The impact of tax rate changes on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the year that the change is enacted.

        In June 2006, the FASB issued FIN No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 ("FIN No. 48"), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109. FIN No. 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This Interpretation also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures, and transition. The Company adopted FIN No. 48 effective January 1, 2007. The adoption of FIN No. 48 did not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Stock-Based Compensation

        The Company accounts for its stock based compensation in accordance with SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payments ("SFAS No. 123(R)"). Under SFAS No. 123(R), all stock-based awards, including employee stock option grants, are recorded at fair value as of the grant date and recognized as expenses in the statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the option's vesting period.

        As of December 31, 2007 and 2008, there were approximately $3.8 million and $4.4 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock option awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.61 and 2.21 years, respectively. For the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, $5.9 million in stock-based compensation expense was recognized in Predecessor net income related to change of control stock agreements issued in connection with the acquisition further detailed in Note 4 of these consolidated financial statements.

        The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option pricing model. For the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years

F-14



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)


ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, the fair value of options granted was calculated using the following assumptions:

 
  Period from
January 4, through
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

 
  2006   2007   2008

Expected stock price volatility

  61% - 67%   62% - 70%   57% - 62%

Expected term of options

  5 years   6 years   6 years

Expected dividend yield

     

Risk-free interest rate

  4.53% - 4.94%   3.50% - 4.96%   2.08% - 3.36%

        Since the Company's stock is not publicly quoted and the Company has a limited history of stock option activity, the Company reviewed a group of comparable industry-related companies to estimate its expected volatility over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected term of the awards. In addition to analyzing data from the peer group, the Company also considered the contractual option term and vesting period when determining the expected option life and forfeiture rate. For the risk-free interest rate, the Company uses a U.S. Treasury Bond rate consistent with the estimated expected term of the option award.

        The following table presents the stock-based compensation expense included in the related financial statement line items (in thousands):

 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
  Period From
January 1,
through
January 4,

  Period from
January 4,
through
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

 
 
  2006   2006   2007   2008  

Cost of revenue

  $   $ 1   $ 2   $ 2  

Sales and marketing

        59     189     153  

Research and development

        128     360     482  

General and administrative

        373     776     953  

Transaction-related expenses

    5,930              
                   

Total

  $ 5,930   $ 561   $ 1,327   $ 1,590  
                   

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

        Net income (loss) per share is computed under the provisions of SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share ("SFAS No. 128"). Basic income (loss) per share is computed using net income (loss) and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus any potentially dilutive shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive shares consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options (using the treasury stock method) and conversion of preferred shares (using the as-converted method). Common equivalent shares are excluded from the diluted computation if their effect is anti-dilutive.

F-15



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

        The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
  Period from
January 1,
through
January 4,

  Period from
January 4,
through
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

 
 
  2006   2006   2007   2008  

Numerator:

                         

Net income (loss)

  $ (11,121 ) $ (4,048 ) $ 2,579   $ 13,892  
 

Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock

        (159 )   (80 )    
                   

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

  $ (11,121 ) $ (4,207 ) $ 2,499   $ 13,892  
                   

Denominator:

                         
 

Weighted average number of common shares:

                         
   

Basic

    0.299     1,230     1,310     1,465  
                   
   

Diluted

    0.299     1,230     12,718     13,018  
                   

Income (loss) per common share:

                         
   

Basic

  $ (37,194 ) $ (3.42 ) $ 1.91   $ 9.48  
                   
   

Diluted

  $ (37,194 ) $ (3.42 ) $ 0.20   $ 1.07  
                   

Unaudited Pro forma:

                         

Numerator:

                         

Net income

                    $ 13,892  
                         

Denominator:

                         
 

Pro forma weighted average number of common shares:

                         
   

Basic

                      12,625  
                         
   

Diluted

                      13,018  
                         

Pro forma net income per common share:

                         
 

Basic

                    $ 1.10  
                         
 

Diluted

                    $ 1.07  
                         

        For the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, there were no Predecessor common stock equivalents shares. For the period from January 4, 2006 to December 31, 2006, the 11,160 shares of Convertible Preferred stock and outstanding stock options were not included in the diluted net loss per share calculation, as they were anti-dilutive.

F-16



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

        For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, the following common equivalent shares were included in the calculation of the Company's diluted net income per share (in thousands):

 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
  Period from
January 1, to
January 4,

  Period from
January 4, to
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

 
 
  2006   2006   2007   2008  

Equity instruments:

                         
 

Convertible preferred stock

            11,160     11,160  
 

Stock options

            248     393  
                   

Total common stock equivalent shares

            11,408     11,553  
                   

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

        Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenues, expenses, gains, and losses that are not included in net income (loss), but rather are recorded directly in stockholders' equity. For the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, Predecessor comprehensive income (loss) consisted of net income (loss), unrealized gains (losses) on marketable equity securities and foreign currency translation gains (losses). For the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, the Company's comprehensive income (loss) consisted of net income (loss) and foreign currency translation gains (losses).

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

        The functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries and Predecessor foreign subsidiary is their local currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at average rates for the period. Translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity.

        Cash flows of consolidated foreign subsidiaries, whose functional currency is the local currency, are translated to U.S. dollars using average exchange rates for the period. The Company reports the effect of exchange rate changes on cash balances held in foreign currencies as a separate item in the reconciliation of the changes in cash and cash equivalents during the period.

        Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in other income and expense. Foreign currency transaction gains were $40,000, $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

        In September 2006, FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements ("SFAS No. 157"). SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Accordingly, SFAS 157 does not require any new fair value measurements, but will potentially require additional disclosures. In

F-17



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)


February 2008, FASB issued a final FASB Staff Position ("FSP") FAS No. 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 ("FSP 157-2"). FSP 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS 157, for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. In addition, FSP 157-2 removes certain leasing transactions from the scope of SFAS No. 157. The effective date of SFAS No. 157 for nonfinancial assets and liabilities has been delayed by one year to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 and interim periods within those fiscal years. SFAS No. 157 for financial assets and liabilities is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of SFAS No. 157 for financial assets and liabilities did not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows as of January 1, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of SFAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and liabilities on its financial statements, but does not believe there will be a material impact.

        In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations ("SFAS No. 141(R)"), which replaces FAS No. 141. SFAS No. 141(R) establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer in a business combination recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any controlling interest; recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase; and determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. FAS No. 141(R) is to be applied prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after an entity's fiscal year that begins after December 15, 2008. The Company will assess the impact of SFAS No. 141(R) if and when a future acquisition occurs.

        In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51 ("SFAS No. 160"). SFAS No. 160 establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Specifically, this statement requires the recognition of a noncontrolling interest (minority interest) as equity in the consolidated financial statements and separate from the parent's equity. The amount of net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest will be included in consolidated net income on the face of the income statement. SFAS No. 160 clarifies that changes in a parent's ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial interest. In addition, this statement requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated. Such gain or loss will be measured using the fair value of the noncontrolling equity investment on the deconsolidation date. SFAS No. 160 also includes expanded disclosure requirements regarding the interests of the parent and its noncontrolling interest. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is prohibited. The Company believes the adoption of SFAS No. 160 will not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

        In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 ("SFAS No. 161"). SFAS No. 161 requires enhanced disclosures about an entity's derivative and hedging activities. This Statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. Entities are required to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are

F-18



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)


accounted for under SFAS No. 133 and its related interpretations and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity's financial position, financial performance and cash flows. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 161 to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

        In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("SFAS No. 162"). SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and provides the framework for selecting the principles used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. SFAS No. 162 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. We do not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 162 to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

        In May 2008, FASB issued Statement 163, Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts . This new standard clarifies how SFAS Statement No. 60, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises , applies to financial guarantee insurance contracts issued by insurance enterprises, including the recognition and measurement of premium revenue and claim liabilities. It also requires expanded disclosures about financial guarantee insurance contracts. The Statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS 163 to have any impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.

        In May 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position No. Accounting Principles Board 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement) (FSP APB 14-1), which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. FSP APB 14-1 clarifies that convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion are not addressed by paragraph 12 of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 14, Accounting for Convertible Debt and Debt Issued with Stock Purchase Warrants . FSP APB 14-1 also specifies that issuers of such instruments should separately account for the liability and equity components in a manner that will reflect the entity's nonconvertible debt borrowing rate when interest cost is recognized in subsequent periods. The Company does not expect the adoption of FSP APB 14-1 to have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements.

        On October 10, 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-3, "Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset in a Market That Is Not Active." The FSP was effective upon issuance, including periods for which financial statements have not been issued. The FSP clarified the application of SFAS 157 in an inactive market and provided an illustrative example to demonstrate how the fair value of a financial asset is determined when the market for that financial asset is inactive. The adoption of this FSP did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position and the results of operations.

F-19



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

3. INVENTORY

        Inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):

 
  As of
December 31,
 
 
  2007   2008  

Raw materials

  $ 1,715   $ 3,023  

Finished goods

    2,624     2,359  
           

    4,339     5,382  

Reserve for obsolete inventory

    (478 )   (470 )
           

Inventory, net

  $ 3,861   $ 4,912  
           

4. ACQUISITIONS

        On January 4, 2006, Rosetta Stone Inc., through its wholly owned subsidiary, Rosetta Stone Holdings Inc., which it formed prior to the acquisition on January 4, 2006, acquired all of the outstanding stock of Rosetta Stone Ltd. (formerly Fairfield & Sons, Ltd.) along with its wholly owned subsidiary Rosetta Stone (UK) Limited (formerly Fairfield & Sons, Limited).

        Rosetta Stone Ltd. developed, marketed and supported a suite of language learning software products under the Rosetta Stone brand name. As a result of the acquisition of all outstanding stock of Rosetta Stone Ltd., Rosetta Stone Inc. acquired all of the assets and assumed all the liabilities of Rosetta Stone Ltd. The assets acquired by Rosetta Stone Inc. included intellectual property, trade receivables, inventory, contracts, equipment and other tangible personal property. The liabilities assumed by Rosetta Stone Inc. related to trade payables, accrued expenses and future customer support and services. The results of the acquired operations are included in the consolidated results of operations subsequent to the closing of the acquisition and the closing of the Predecessor's accounting records on January 4, 2006.

        This acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting in accordance with SFAS No. 141, Business Combination ("SFAS No. 141"). The purchase price consisted of $51.9 million funded in the form of a promissory note, $7.8 million in escrow, $5.9 million for settlement of Fairfield & Sons Ltd. stockholder receivables, 63,412 shares of Class B Convertible Preferred Stock, 47,619 shares of Class B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, and 246,560 shares Class A Convertible Common Stock, as well as $1.1 million of transaction and direct acquisition costs. The promissory note was paid on January 5, 2006. Total interest paid on the promissory note was $3,000. The $7.8 million held in escrow was disbursed 30 days after the completion of the Company's December 31, 2006 financial statement audit, upon the delivery of joint written instructions to the escrow agent. The escrow was subject to adjustments for changes in net working capital as defined in the agreement and certain tax and other indemnifications. The Company submitted an indemnification claim for certain required tax payments made by the Company on behalf of the Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. stockholders in the amount of $1.0 million, which are included in the December 31, 2006 balance of other current assets. No other indemnification claims have been submitted. During 2007 and 2008, the Company made tax payments on behalf of the Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. stockholders in the amount of $1.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of which $1.0 million was reimbursed by the stockholders' from the escrow and $0.2 million is included in the December 31, 2008 balance of other current assets.

F-20



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

4. ACQUISITIONS (Continued)

        Rosetta Stone Inc. paid a total purchase price of approximately $79.1 million for the net assets acquired. The fair value of the Rosetta Stone Inc. stock issued was $12.3 million, which was based on the fair value of the common and preferred stock purchased by the investors in capitalizing Rosetta Stone Inc. Components of the total purchase price are detailed below (in thousands):

Promissory note payable

  $ 51,924  

Amounts paid to escrow

    7,800  

Rosetta Stone stock issued

    12,336  

Settlement of Fairfield & Sons Ltd. stockholder receivables

    5,940  

Direct acquisition costs

    1,105  
       
 

Total purchase price

  $ 79,105  
       

        Under the purchase method of accounting, the total purchase price was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the basis of their respective estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The valuation of the identifiable intangible assets and their useful lives acquired reflects management's estimates.

        The summary of fair value assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition is as follows (in thousands):

Tangible assets:

       
 

Cash

  $ 10,237  
 

Accounts receivable

    3,874  
 

Receivable from Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. stockholders

    6,274  
 

Other current assets

    1,489  
 

Property and equipment

    4,643  
 

Other assets

    99  

Intangible assets:

       
 

Trade name/trademark

    10,607  
 

Core technology

    2,453  
 

Customer relationships

    10,739  
 

In-process research and development

    12,597  
 

Goodwill

    34,199  
       

Total assets acquired

    97,211  
       

Liabilities:

       
 

Deferred revenue

    (5,057 )
 

Accounts payable

    (1,071 )
 

Accrued expenses

    (11,917 )
 

Capital leases

    (61 )
       

Total liabilities assumed

    (18,106 )
       

Net assets acquired

  $ 79,105  
       

F-21



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

4. ACQUISITIONS (Continued)

        A total of $36.4 million was allocated to amortizable intangible assets consisting of existing trade names and trademarks, core technology and customer relationships. A total of $34.2 million was allocated to goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and amortizable intangible assets acquired.

        Of the total purchase price, $12.6 million was allocated to in-process research and development ("IPR&D") and was expensed during the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006. Projects that qualify as IPR&D represent those that have not yet reached technological feasibility and which have no alternative future use. The value of IPR&D was determined based upon the stage of completion and risk associated with the project, additional cost estimates to develop the purchased IPR&D into commercially viable products, estimates of net cash flows attributable to the projects when completed, and the discount rate.

5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

        Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

 
  As of December 31,  
 
  2007   2008  

Land

  $ 390   $ 390  

Buildings and improvements

    4,933     5,437  

Leashold improvements

    1,108     1,166  

Computer equipment

    4,658     6,134  

Software

    4,716     8,251  

Furniture and equipment

    1,663     2,060  
           

    17,468     23,438  

Less: accumulated depreciation

    (4,023 )   (7,711 )
           

Property and equipment, net

  $ 13,445   $ 15,727  
           

        The Company leases certain computer equipment, software and machinery under capital lease agreements, with bargain purchase options at the end of the lease term. As of December 31, 2007 and 2008, leased computer equipment and software included in property and equipment above was $44,000 and $44,000, respectively.

        Depreciation expense for the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006 was $10,000 for the Predecessor. The Company recorded depreciation expense for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 in the amount of $1.2 million, $2.6 million and $3.5 million, respectively.

        Amortization of capital leases for the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006 included in Predecessor depreciation expense was $1,000. The Company recorded amortization of capital leases for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 included in depreciation expense in the amount of $31,000, $9,000 and $2,000, respectively.

F-22



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

6. GOODWILL

        The Company acquired Rosetta Stone Ltd. (formerly Fairfield & Sons, Ltd.) and subsidiary on January 4, 2006, as detailed in Note 4. As a result of the acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill in the amount of $34.2 million. The Company had no acquisition activity during 2007 or 2008.

        The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually on June 30 of each year at the reporting unit level using a fair value approach, in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142. If an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value, goodwill will be evaluated for impairment between annual tests. The Company's annual testing resulted in no impairments of goodwill during the period January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008. For tax purposes, the goodwill balance of $34.2 million will be amortized over a period of 15 years.

7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

        Intangible assets consisted of the following items as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

 
  As of December 31, 2007   As of December 31, 2008  
 
  Gross
Carrying
Amount
  Accumulated
Amortization
  Net
Carrying
Amount
  Gross
Carrying
Amount
  Accumulated
Amortization
  Net
Carrying
Amount
 

Trade name / trademark

  $ 10,607   $   $ 10,607   $ 10,607   $   $ 10,607  

Core technology

    2,453     (2,439 )   14     2,453     (2,453 )    

Customer relationships

    10,739     (7,706 )   3,033     10,739     (10,706 )   33  

Website

    12     (5 )   7     12     (7 )   5  
                           

Total

  $ 23,811   $ (10,150 ) $ 13,661   $ 23,811   $ (13,166 ) $ 10,645  
                           

        During 2006, the Company recorded additions to intangible assets of $23.8 million, which was associated with the acquisition of Rosetta Stone Ltd. and subsidiary, as detailed in Note 4, and website rights purchased for $12,000. The estimated lives of the acquired core technology and customer relationships are between 18 to 36 months. The intangible asset associated with the trade name and trademark has an indefinite useful life. The estimated life of the website rights is 60 months. The Company did not record any additions to intangible assets during 2005, 2007 or 2008. The Company computes amortization of intangible assets on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. Below are the estimated useful lives of the intangible assets acquired:

 
  Weighted-Average Life

Trade name / trademark

  Indefinite

Core technology

  24 months

Customer relationships

  33 months

Website

  60 months

        Amortization of intangible assets for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 totaled $5.3 million, $4.8 million and $3.0 million, respectively. For the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, $1.2 million, $1.2 million and $13,000 of amortization expense was

F-23



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued)


included in cost of revenue, and $4.1 million, $3.6 million and $3.0 million was included in sales and marketing, respectively.

        The following table summarizes the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets as of December 31, 2008 (in thousands):

 
  As of
December 31,
2008
 

2009

  $ 35  

2010

    3  
       

Total

  $ 38  
       

8. OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

        The following table summarizes other current liabilities (in thousands):

 
  As of December 31,  
 
  2007   2008  

Marketing expenses

  $ 2,711   $ 4,803  

Professional and consulting fees

    2,018     2,249  

Sales return reserve

    1,688     3,229  

Taxes payable

    1,472     2,859  

Other

    3,532     8,213  
           

  $ 11,421   $ 21,353  
           

9. BORROWING AGREEMENT

        On January 4, 2006, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement that provides the Company a $4.0 million revolving credit facility ("Revolver") and a $17.0 million term loan ("Term Loan"). The Credit Agreement was amended on August 2, 2007 and April 23, 2008 to amend certain covenants, terms, and definitions. Under the credit agreement, all amounts outstanding under the Revolver and the Term Loan accrue interest at the Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin or the LIBOR Rate plus the Applicable Margin, as specified by the Company. The Company has the ability to convert the loans or a portion of the loans from one interest rate method to the other without penalty. The Base Rate is defined as the greater of the published prime rate or the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%. The

F-24



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

9. BORROWING AGREEMENT (Continued)


Applicable Margin for any period is indexed to the Company's debt-to-Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("EBITDA") ratio as follows:

    Debt-to-EBITDA ratio greater than or equal to 1.5-to-1:

      Base Rate Applicable Margin is equal to 2%
      LIBOR Rate Applicable Margin is equal to 3%

    Debt-to-EBITDA ratio less than 1.5-to-1:

      Base Rate Applicable Margin is equal to 1.75%
      LIBOR Rate Applicable Margin is equal to 2.75%

        The Applicable Margin increases by two percentage points per annum at any time that an event of default exists under the terms of the Credit Agreement. Events of default include, among other things, the failure to deliver audited financial statements to the lender within 120 days after the Company's year-end. The Company has determined that the increase in interest rate due to the failure to deliver audited financial statements to the lender within 120 days after the Company's year-end is a feature that has risks and characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic risks and characteristics of the debt-host contract. Therefore, this feature is an embedded derivative that must be bifurcated from the Credit Agreement and accounted for separately as an asset or liability at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized as either gain or loss. Upon issuance, the fair value of the embedded derivative feature was $3,000. During the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, the Company recorded a gain (loss) on derivative totaling $(28,000), $29,000 and $2,000 in other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, respectively, resulting in a derivative liability of $2,000 and zero as of December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively, which is included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in other long-term liabilities.

        Upon inception of the Credit Agreement, the Company allocated the proceeds of the $17.0 million Term Loan received to the Term Loan and the embedded derivative feature based on the fair value of the derivative. As a result of such allocation, the Company determined the initial carrying value of the Term Loan was $17.0 million. The debt discount in the amount of $3,000 resulting from the allocation of proceeds is being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Term Loan. The Company recognized amortization of $1,000 for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively, which is included in interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

F-25



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

9. BORROWING AGREEMENT (Continued)

        Long-term borrowings consist of the following (in thousands):

 
  December 31,  
 
  2007   2008  

Term Loan, quarterly payments through December 2010

  $ 13,311   $ 9,910  

Revolver, quarterly payments through December 2010

   
   
 
           

    13,311     9,910  

Less current portion

    (3,400 )   (4,250 )
           

    9,911     5,660  

Less debt discount

    (2 )    
           

Total

  $ 9,909   $ 5,660  
           

        As of December 31, 2008, the interest rate on the term loan was 4.65%. The Company had no borrowings under the Revolver as of December 31, 2007 or 2008.

        The Term Loan allows for voluntary prepayments without penalties or premium. The Term Loan has escalating installment payments. Mandatory prepayments are required under certain conditions, including the receipt of proceeds from a disposition, the issuance of equity securities and excess cash flows as defined in the agreement. Future payments under the Term Loan are subject to change due to the possible effects of the mandatory prepayment provisions.

        The following table summarizes the expected future payments under the Term Loan as of December 31, 2008 (in thousands):

 
  As of December 31, 2008  
Periods Ending December 31,
  Installment
Payments
  Mandatory
Prepayments
  Total
Payments
 

2009

  $ 4,250   $   $ 4,250  

2010

    5,660         5,660  
               

Total

  $ 9,910   $   $ 9,910  
               

        Substantially all the Company's assets are pledged as collateral under the Credit Agreement. The Term Loan contains financial covenants tested on a quarterly basis which started March 31, 2006 and are applicable for the term of the loan. The primary covenants in the Term Loan are limitations on liens and encumbrances, restrictions on investments, restrictions on capital expenditures, limitations on the sale of certain assets, minimum EBITDA thresholds and compliance with financial ratios (e.g, Debt to EBITDA ratio, Interest Expense to EBITDA ratio and fixed charge coverage ratio). In addition, the Company is required to provide an audited annual report to the lender within 120 days following the close of the fiscal year. Non-compliance with debt covenants can potentially result in a two percentage point increase in the Applicable Margin in the Term Loan and Revolver or possibly the Term Loan becoming immediately due and the termination of the Revolver.

        Interest expense for the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006 was zero. For the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and

F-26



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

9. BORROWING AGREEMENT (Continued)


2008, the Company incurred interest expense related to the Term Loan of $1.5 million, $1.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

        The Company did not incur any interest expense related to the Revolver during the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. For the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, the Company recorded fees associated with the unused portion of the Revolver of $20,000, $25,000 and $20,000, respectively. The lender is also a stockholder, holding approximately 1.6% of the Company's common stock on an as converted basis as of December 31, 2007 and 2008. See Note 20, Subsequent Events.

10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

        On January 4, 2006, the Company established the Rosetta Stone Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the "Stock Plan") under which the Company's Board of Directors, at its discretion, can grant stock options to employees and certain directors of the Company and affiliated entities. The Stock Plan initially authorized the grant of stock options for up to 1,494,000 shares of common stock. On May 28, 2008, the Board of Directors authorized the grant of additional stock options for up to 150,000 shares of common stock under the Stock Plan, resulting in total stock options available for grant under the Stock Plan of 1,644,000 as of December 31, 2008. The stock options granted under the Stock Plan generally expire at the earlier of a specified period after termination of service or the date specified by the Board or its designated Committee at the date of grant, but not more than ten years from such grant date. Stock issued as a result of exercises of stock options will be issued from the Company's authorized available stock.

        In accordance with SFAS No. 123(R), the fair value of stock-based awards to employees is calculated as of the date of grant. Compensation expense is then recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model, which requires the use of estimates, including future stock price volatility, expected term and forfeitures. Stock-based compensation expense recognized is based on the estimated portion of the awards that are expected to vest. Estimated forfeiture rates were applied in the expense calculation.

F-27



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued)

        The following table summarized the Company's stock option activity from January 4, 2006 (plan inception) to December 31, 2008:

 
  Shares
Available
for Grant
  Options
Outstanding
  Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
  Weighted
Average
Contractual
Life (years)
  Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 

Balance at January 4, 2006

    1,494,000                   $  
 

Options granted

    (1,327,210 )   1,327,210   $ 5.00              
 

Options exercised

                         
 

Options cancelled

    149,340     (149,340 )   5.00              
                             

Balance at December 31, 2006

    316,130     1,177,870     5.00     9.46     3,415,823  
 

Options granted

    (319,673 )   319,673     9.46              
 

Options exercised

        (183,642 )   5.00              
 

Options cancelled

    164,898     (164,898 )   5.89              
                             

Balance at December 31, 2007

    161,355     1,149,003     6.11     8.70     9,695,391  
 

Options granted

    (309,850 )   309,850     16.76              
 

Options exercised

        (79,620 )   5.15              
 

Options cancelled

    104,003     (104,003 )   10.36              
 

Additional option grants authorized

    150,000                      
                             

Balance at December 31, 2008

    105,508     1,275,230     8.41     8.05     18,268,386  
                             

Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2007

          1,054,839     6.01     8.52     9,013,247  
                               

Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2008

          1,209,759     8.09     7.99     17,722,546  
                               

F-28



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued)

        The following tables summarize the status of options outstanding under the Company's stock option plan as of December 31, 2008 and option grants made during the period from October 1, 2007 through December 31, 2008:

 
  Outstanding   Exercisable  
Range of Exercise Prices
  Number
Outstanding
as of
12/31/08
  Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (in years)
  Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
  Number
Exercisable
as of
12/31/08
  Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 

$5.00 - $5.00

    763,240     7.49   $ 5.00     406,271   $ 5.00  

$7.90 - $7.90

    163,000     8.22     7.90     69,329     7.90  

$9.50 - $9.50

    29,487     7.09     9.50     13,637     9.50  

$13.47 - $14.55

    139,950     9.08     13.99     18,349     14.26  

$14.56 - $15.13

    76,083     9.32     15.13     711     15.13  

$15.14 - $18.49

    27,300     9.63     18.49          

$18.50 - $22.74

    76,170     9.88     22.74          
                             

$5.00 - $22.74

    1,275,230     8.05     8.41     508,297     5.86  
                             

 

Grant Date
  Number of
Options Granted
  Exercise Price   Common Stock
Fair Market Value
Per Share
at Grant
Date
  Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Per Share
at Grant Date
 

November 28, 2007

    26,330   $ 14.55   $ 14.55   $  

December 17, 2007

    17,060     13.78     14.69     0.91  

February 8, 2008

    44,190     14.55     15.13     0.58  

April 29, 2008

    76,420     15.13     13.47      

May 28, 2008

    85,320     13.47     13.47      

August 19, 2008

    27,750     18.49     18.49      

November 19, 2008

    76,170     22.74     22.74      

        The weighted average remaining contractual term and the aggregate intrinsic value for options outstanding at December 31, 2008 was 8.05 years and $18.3 million, respectively. The weighted average remaining contractual term and the aggregate intrinsic value for options exercisable at December 31, 2008 was 7.58 years and $8.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2008, options were vested and exercisable as to a total of 508,000 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price per share of $5.86.

        The weighted average grant-date fair value per share of all stock options granted was $3.94, $6.55 and $9.35 for the period January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The Company did not grant stock options prior to January 4, 2006.

        The aggregate intrinsic value disclosed above represents the total intrinsic value (the difference between the fair market value of the Company's common stock as of December 31, 2008, and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the

F-29



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued)


option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2008. This amount is subject to change based on changes to the fair market value of the Company's common stock.

Liquidity Performance Award Plan

        In May 2006, the Company adopted the Rosetta Stone Inc. Liquidity Performance Award Plan. The Company amended this plan by resolution dated December 31, 2008. This plan provides a bonus to its key employees in the event of an acquisition of the Company, an acquisition of substantially all of the assets of the Company, a liquidation of the Company or any other transaction resulting in liquidating distributions to any holders of its preferred stock. This plan terminates upon completion of an initial public offering.

11. COMMON STOCK

        In 2005, the Predecessor issued 23.6657 shares of restricted Common Stock in connection with Change of Control Agreements. The restrictions on these shares were to lapse only upon the event of a change in control, and the shares were to expire if a change in control did not occur prior to June 2006. These issuances resulted in no compensation expense for 2005 as the change in control was not considered probable until it occurred on January 4, 2006, at which time a compensation charge of $5.9 million was recorded as a transaction-related expense equal to the estimated fair market value of the common stock issued on such date, which was determined based upon the selling price of the shares sold to Rosetta Stone Inc. on that same date.

        On January 4, 2006, the Company issued 613,240 shares of Class A Convertible Common Stock, par value $0.001, for proceeds of $3.1 million and 380,000 shares of Class B Convertible Common Stock, par value $0.001, for proceeds of $1.9 million. In connection with the acquisition of Rosetta Stone Ltd. on January 4, 2006, the Company issued 246,560 shares of Class A Convertible Common Stock, par value $0.001, to stockholders of Rosetta Stone Ltd. and 20,000 shares of Class A Convertible Common Stock to Madison Capital Funding LLC, its lender.

        On May 9, 2006, the Company completed a twenty-for-one split of its Class A Convertible Common Stock, Class B Convertible Common Stock and Non-Designated Common Stock. All shares referenced throughout the consolidated financial statements are shown as affected for the split. Additionally, on May 9, 2006, each share of Class A Common Stock was automatically converted, upon the declaration of the stock split, into an equal number of shares of Class B Convertible Common Stock and each share of Class B Convertible Common Stock was automatically converted into an equal number of shares of Non-Designated Common Stock, upon the completion of the Class A conversion. As of December 31, 2007 2008, all shares of Class A Convertible Common Stock and Class B Convertible Common Stock had been converted into an equal number of Non-Designated shares of Common Stock.

        At December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2008, the Company had the authority to issue 60,000,000 shares of common stock, of which 900,000 shares were designated as Class A Convertible Common Stock, 20,000,000 shares are designated Class B Convertible Common Stock and 39,100,000 are non-designated, collectively referred to as "Common Stock." On February 28, 2008, the Company changed the par value of its Class A Convertible Common Stock, Class B Convertible Common Stock and Non-Designated Common Stock from $0.001 to $0.00005 per share. At December 31, 2007 and

F-30



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

11. COMMON STOCK (Continued)


2008, 1,412,503 and 1,488,971 shares of Non-Designated Common Stock were issued and outstanding, respectively.

Dividends

        Holders of each class of Common Stock are entitled to dividends, in cash or stock in the same form and per share amount as declared by the Board of Directors.

Liquidation

        In the event of any dissolution, liquidation, or winding up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of the Common Stock are entitled to participate in the distribution of assets of the Company remaining after the provision for payment of all debts and liabilities of the Company and after the Company has paid or set aside for payment on behalf of any class of stock having preference over the common stock in the event of dissolution, liquidation or winding up.

Voting Rights

        Each holder of Common Stock is entitled to cast one vote for each outstanding share of common stock on any matter properly considered and acted upon by the stockholders, except in a vote for the election or removal of one or more directors of the Company for which the Common Stock may be voted, at which each holder of one share of Common Stock is entitled to cast 0.653775 votes, and one vote for each outstanding share of Class B Convertible Common Stock.

Class A Convertible Common Stock

        Each share of Class A Convertible Common Stock is automatically converted into an equal number of shares of Class B Convertible Common Stock upon involuntary conversion of any of the shares of the Company's Preferred Stock, issuance of shares of Class B Convertible Common Stock in connection with the exercise of stock options or warrants, the declaration or payment of dividends upon Class B Convertible Common Stock, an offer by the Company to Class B Convertible Common Stock holders for additional shares of stock or other rights, a capital reorganization or reclassification of the capital stock of the Company, merger or sale of the Company, a liquidation event, or closing of an initial underwritten public offering.

Class B Convertible Common Stock

        Each share of Class B Convertible Common Stock is automatically converted into an equal number of Non-designated Common Stock upon the conversion of all shares of Class A Convertible Common Stock.

12. CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

        At December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Company had outstanding shares of Class A, Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, Class A Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock, Class B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, Class B Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share, collectively referred to as "Preferred Stock". As of January 1, 2008, the holders of the Class B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock did not elect to redeem such shares; consequently the

F-31



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

12. CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK (Continued)


redemption right expired. At December 31, 2008, the Company had outstanding shares of Class A, Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, Class A Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock and Class B Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share.

Class A—Convertible Preferred Stock

        On January 4, 2006, Rosetta Stone Inc. issued 446,958 shares of Class A Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share, of which 268,758 shares were designated as Series A-1 and 178,200 as Series A-2 (the "Class A Preferred Stock"), in a private, unregistered offering to "qualified institutional buyers" pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933. The Class A Preferred Stock was sold for $100 per share for proceeds of $44.7 million.

        The Class A Preferred Stock is not redeemable under any circumstances, and is convertible only into Class B Common Stock either at the option of the holders or mandatorily as described below.

Class B—Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Convertible Preferred Stock

        On January 4, 2006, Rosetta Stone Inc. issued 63,412 shares of Class B Convertible Preferred Stock, and 47,619 shares of Class B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (collectively "Class B Convertible Preferred Stock") $0.001 par value per share, in addition to the Class A Convertible, Common Stock discussed in Note 11, for the acquisition of Rosetta Stone Ltd. and subsidiary. The Class B Preferred Stock was redeemable at the option of the holders up to a maximum aggregate redemption price of $5.0 million. Since the redemption price was based on 105% of stated value, $4.8 million of stated value, or 47,619 shares, was subject to redemption, thus 63,412 shares with a stated value of $6.3 million were not subject to potential redemption.

Dividends

        Holders of each class of Preferred Stock are entitled to dividends, on a pari passu basis, in cash or stock in the same form and per share amount as the common stockholders or holder of any other junior stock, except for participating dividends when declared by the Board.

        Participating dividends payable in common stock or a class of stock convertible into common stock are to equal the dividends per share payable on the number of shares of common stock into which each share of preferred stock would be convertible on the record date for determining eligibility to receive such dividends, when declared by the Board of Directors.

        Participating dividends payable in common stock or a class of stock not convertible into common stock are calculated at a rate per share of preferred stock determined by dividing the amount of the dividend payable on each share of such class or series of junior stock by the original issue price of such stock and multiplying such fraction by the Stated Value of the Preferred Stock, which for purposes of this calculation is equal to $100.00 per share, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, stock distribution, combination or other similar recapitalization affecting the Preferred Stock. No dividends were declared or paid during the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006, the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008.

F-32



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

12. CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK (Continued)

Liquidation Preference

        Upon any liquidation of the Company, holders of each class of Preferred Stock, on a pari passu basis, are entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Company or proceeds available for distribution to its stockholders, before any payment shall be made to the holders of any Common Stock or other junior stock, an amount per share in cash, or in the case of a merger or consolidation or share exchange in which the consideration to be received by all other holders of the Company's capital stock is other than cash, at the Company's election, publicly-traded securities in lieu of cash, equal to the greater of the stated value of $100 per share plus any dividends accrued and unpaid, or the amount per share holders of Preferred Stock would receive if they all had converted their shares of each class of Preferred Stock into Common Stock immediately prior to such liquidation.

Voting Rights

        Each issued and outstanding share of Preferred Stock is entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of shares of Common Stock into which each such share of Preferred Stock is convertible, other than with respect to the removal of the Series A-1 Directors and Series A-2 Director, as detailed below.

        The holders of a majority of Class A, Series A-1 Preferred Stock have the exclusive right, voting separately, to elect two directors to the Board of Directors. The Company will not, without first obtaining the affirmative vote of seventy-five percent of the outstanding shares of Class A, Series A-1 Preferred Stock, amend, alter or repeal the rights of the holders of a majority of the Class A, Series A-1 Preferred Stock to elect, remove and replace a Series A-1 Director.

        The holders of a majority of the Class A, Series A-2 Preferred Stock have the exclusive right, voting separately, to elect one director to the Board of Directors. The Company will not, without first obtaining the affirmative vote of seventy-five percent of the outstanding shares of Class A, Series A-2 Preferred Stock, amend, alter or repeal the rights of the holders of a majority of the Class A, Series A-2 Preferred Stock to elect, remove and replace a Class A, Series A-2 Director.

Conversion

        Each share of Preferred Stock may be converted at any time by the holder into shares of Class B Convertible Common Stock at a rate equal to the stated value of $100 per share divided by the conversion price which is initially set at $100 per share and is adjustable for dilution, splits, and combinations. Each share of Class B Convertible Common Stock was automatically converted into an equal number of shares of non-designated Common Stock upon the conversion of all shares of Class A Convertible Common Stock into an equal number of shares of non-designated Common Stock, which occurred in connection with the May 2006 stock split. As of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, each share of Preferred Stock was convertible into twenty shares of common stock.

        The outstanding shares of Preferred Stock will automatically convert into non-designated Common Stock (i) upon the consummation of a qualified underwritten public offering, defined as a pre-money equity value to the Company of at least $200 million and in which the aggregate proceeds to the Company are not less than $30 million; (ii) upon the vote of at least 75% of the shares of the applicable class then outstanding; or (iii) once 75% of the shares of the applicable class have been converted. Additionally, each series of convertible Preferred Stock has an anti-dilution clause that

F-33



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

12. CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK (Continued)


allows for the number of shares to be issued upon conversion to be adjusted in the event that the Company sells Common Stock at a price that is less than the original issue price of the respective series of Preferred Stock. Cumulative declared and unpaid dividends from the date of issuance are paid on conversion in cash or common stock at the Company's option.

Redemption

        The Class B Convertible Preferred Stock was redeemable at the option of the holders, subject to certain conditions, up to a maximum aggregate redemption price of $5.0 million. Since the redemption price was based on 105% of stated value, $4.8 million of stated value, or 48 shares, were subject to redemption.

        On June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2007, the holders of the Class B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock had the right to vote to redeem such shares at 105% of the Stated Value of $100 per share, subject to an aggregate redemption amount of $5.0 million, but only if, and to the extent that (i) such redemption did not violate any applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, (ii) such redemption did not conflict with or cause the Corporation to be in default or non-compliance under any financing agreement or arrangement, (iii) the Board of Directors, by unanimous vote, determined that such redemption could be accomplished through access to reasonably priced capital or adequate internal liquidity, (iv) the Board of Directors determined in good faith such redemption would not interfere with or delay a Qualified Public Offering for which a registration statement either had been filed with the SEC or, in the judgment of the Board of Directors, would be filed within six months of the Redemption Date, and (v) the maximum aggregate Class B Redemption Price did not exceed $5.0 million. The Stated Value was the initial purchase price of $100 per share. During 2007, the holders of the Class B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock did not elect to redeem such shares; consequently the redemption right expired on January 1, 2008.

13. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

        On January 4, 2006, the Company assumed the Rosetta Stone Ltd. defined contribution 401(k) Plan (the "Plan") in conjunction with the acquisition of Rosetta Stone Ltd., as detailed in Note 4. The Company matches employee contributions to the Plan up to 4% of their compensation that vest immediately. The Company recorded expenses for the Plan totaling $0.6 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

14. PUT OPTIONS

        On May 22, 2006, the Company issued put options to three officers that give such officers the right to put shares of Class A Preferred Stock to the Company at the initial issuance price of the shares of $100 up to a maximum amount of $250,000 for each officer. Each put option is exercisable only upon termination, as defined, of such officer's employment with the Company. Under the provisions of SFAS No. 150, the put options must be classified as liabilities and measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Upon issuance, the put options had an aggregate fair value of $45,000 which was recorded as a liability and recognized as compensation expense. As of December 31, 2007 and 2008, the aggregate fair value of the put options was $4,000 and zero, respectively. During the period from issuance through December 31, 2006 and the years ended

F-34



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

14. PUT OPTIONS (Continued)


December 31, 2007 and 2008, the Company recognized a reduction in compensation expense of $34,000, $7,000 and $4,000 arising from the change in fair value, respectively.

15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases

        The Company leases many kiosks, copiers, parking spaces, buildings, a warehouse and office space under operating lease and site license arrangements, some of which contain renewal options. The rental payments under some kiosk site licenses are based on a minimum rental plus a percentage of the kiosk's sales in excess of stipulated amounts. Kiosk site licenses range from a period of one month to five years. Building, warehouse and office space leases range from three months to 85 months. Certain leases also include lease renewal options.

        The following table summarizes future minimum operating lease payments as of December 31, 2008 and the years thereafter (in thousands):

 
  As of
December 31,
2008
 

Periods Ending December 31,

       

2009

  $ 4,659  

2010

    2,918  

2011

    2,351  

2012

    1,728  

2013

    1,744  

2014 and thereafter

    139  
       

  $ 13,539  
       

        Total expenses under operating leases were $3.7 million, $5.5 million and $9.8 million during the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

        The Company accounts for its leases under the provisions of SFAS No. 13, Accounting for Leases , and subsequent amendments, which require that leases be evaluated and classified as operating leases or capital leases for financial reporting purposes. Certain operating leases contain rent escalation clauses, which are recorded on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the lease with the difference between the rent paid and the straight-line rent recorded as either a deferred rent asset or liability depending on the calculation. Lease incentives received from landlords are recorded as deferred rent liabilities and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as a reduction to rent expense. The deferred rent liability was $0.5 million, $0.5 million and $0.3 million at December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The deferred rent asset was $0.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.3 million at December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The deferred rent asset is classified in prepaid and other assets as all associated leases have less than one year remaining on their term.

        On October 6, 2008, the Company entered into an operating sublease agreement (the "Lease") for additional office space in Arlington, Virginia. The Lease is for a five year period terminating on December 31, 2013 with total rental payments of $7.5 million. Rents range from $117,000 per month

F-35



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)


for the first year of the Lease term to $132,000 per month in the final year of the Lease term. The Company provided the landlord a security deposit of $352,000 in the form of a letter of credit. The Company has the option to renew this Lease for an additional three-year period.

        The Company exited its facility at 1101 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia in December 2008 as a result of a relocation of its headquarters to 1919 North Lynn, Arlington, Virginia. The Company estimated its liability under operating lease agreements and accrued exit costs in accordance with SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities , as the leases associated with this facility do not terminate until December 31, 2009 and August 31, 2013, respectively. Accrued exit costs associated with the headquarters relocation were charged to lease abandonment expense in December 2008.

        The following table summarizes the accrued exit costs for the 1101 Wilson Boulevard facility (in thousands):

 
  As of
December 31,
2008
 

Accrued exit costs, beginning of period

  $  

Costs incurred and charged to expense

    1,676  

Principal reductions

     
       

Accrued exit costs, end of period

  $ 1,676  
       

Accrued exit cost liability

       
 

Short-term

  $ 713  
 

Long-term

    963  
       
   

Total

  $ 1,676  
       

Capital Leases

        The following is a schedule of future minimum lease payments under capital leases together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2008 and the years thereafter (in thousands):

 
  As of
December 31,
2008
 

2009 minimum lease payments

  $ 2  
 

Less: amount representing interest

     
       

Present value of net minimum lease payments

    2  
 

Less: current portion

    (2 )
       

Long-term portion of the present value of net minimum payments under capital leases

  $  
       

F-36



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)

Royalty Agreement

        On December 28, 2006 the Company entered into an agreement to license software from a vendor for incorporation in software products that the Company is developing. The agreement required a one-time, non-refundable payment of $0.3 million, which was expensed in full as research and development costs during the period January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 because the products in which the licensed software were to be incorporated into had not yet reached technological feasibility. In addition, the agreement specifies that, in the event the software is incorporated into specified Company software products, royalties will be due at a rate of 20% of sales for those products up to an additional amount totaling $0.4 million. There were no additional royalty payments made under this agreement in 2007 or 2008.

Employment Agreements

        The Company has agreements with certain of its executives and key employees which provide guaranteed severance payments upon termination of their employment without cause. The severance payments range from six to fifteen months of base salary.

Litigation

        The Company is involved in various litigation matters arising out of the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the amount of liability, if any, resulting from the final resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

F-37



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

16. INCOME TAXES

        The following table summarizes the significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2007 and 2008 (in thousands):

 
  As of
December 31,
 
 
  2007   2008  

Deferred tax assets:

             
 

Inventory

  $ 204   $ 183  
 

Amortization and depreciation

    5,408     5,068  
 

Net operating loss carryforwards

    2,747     5,112  
 

Deferred revenue

    349     528  
 

Accrued liabilities

    1,348     3,118  
 

Stock-based compensation

    385     965  
 

Bad debt reserve

    208     338  
           

    10,649     15,312  
 

Valuation allowance

    (2,980 )   (5,263 )
           

    7,669     10,049  

Deferred tax liabilities:

             
 

Prepaid expenses

    713     876  
 

Foreign currency translation loss

    20     58  
 

Other

    3     5  
           

    736     939  
           

Net deferred tax assets

  $ 6,933   $ 9,110  
           

Net deferred tax assets as of December 31 are classified as follows:

             
 

Current

  $ 848   $ 2,282  
 

Non-current

    6,085     6,828  
           
 

Total

  $ 6,933   $ 9,110  
           

        At December 31, 2008, the Company had $9.1 million of net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards for United Kingdom income tax purposes that do not expire, with a tax value of $2.5 million. The Company also had $6.1 million of NOL carryforwards for Japanese income tax purposes which expire in 2013 through 2015, with a tax value of $2.6 million. SFAS No. 109 requires that a valuation allowance be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The foreign pretax losses incurred in the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, provide sufficient negative evidence under the provisions of SFAS No. 109 for the Company to determine that a valuation allowance of $5.3 million against the deferred tax assets associated with its foreign operations is appropriate. The increase of $2.3 million in the valuation allowance is attributable to additional net deferred tax assets, primarily operating losses, in the United Kingdom and Japan generated in the year ended December 31, 2008 and changes year over year in the value of deferred tax assets when translated from local currency to U.S. dollars. The valuation allowance will offset assets associated with future foreign tax deductions as well as carryforward items. Although management believes that these

F-38



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

16. INCOME TAXES (Continued)


assets could ultimately be fully utilized, future performance cannot be assured. Future reversal of the valuation allowance associated with NOLs acquired on January 4, 2006 in the amount of $144,000, would adjust goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition. See Note 4—Acquisitions.

        The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
  Period from
January 1, through
January 4,
2006
  Period from
January 4, through
December 31,
2006
  Year Ended
December 31,
2007
  Year Ended
December 31,
2008
 

United States

  $ (11,121 ) $ (2,666 ) $ 14,825   $ 36,109  

Foreign

        (2,622 )   (6,811 )   (8,782 )
                   

Income (loss) before income taxes

  $ (11,121 ) $ (5,288 ) $ 8,014   $ 27,327  
                   

        The provision (benefit) for taxes on income (loss) consists of the following (in thousands):

 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
  Period from
January 1, through
January 4,
2006
  Period From
January 4, through
December 31,
2006
  Year Ended
December 31,
2007
  Year Ended
December 31,
2008
 

Current:

                         
 

Federal

  $   $ 3,902   $ 5,311   $ 12,842  
 

State

        506     1,429     2,788  
 

Foreign

                34  
                   
   

Total current

  $   $ 4,408   $ 6,740   $ 15,664  
                   

Deferred:

                         
 

Federal

  $   $ (5,230 ) $ (944 ) $ (1,946 )
 

State

        (418 )   (361 )   (283 )
 

Foreign

                 
                   
   

Total deferred

        (5,648 )   (1,305 )   (2,229 )
                   
   

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

  $   $ (1,240 ) $ 5,435   $ 13,435  
                   

F-39



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

16. INCOME TAXES (Continued)

        Reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate to income tax expense (benefit) is as follows (in thousands):

 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
  Period from
January 1, through
January 4,
2006
  Period from
January 4, through
December 31,
2006
  Year Ended
December 31,
2007
  Year Ended
December 31,
2008
 

Income tax expense (benefit) at statutory federal rate

  $   $ (1,857 ) $ 2,805   $ 9,565  

State income tax expense (benefit), net of federal income tax effect

        (83 )   568     1,529  

Domestic production activities deduction

        (126 )   (348 )   (811 )

Extraterritorial income exclusion

        (39 )        

Nondeductible intercompany interest

            122     174  

Other nondeductible expenses

        47     92     101  

Tax rate differential on foreign taxable losses

        384     (53 )   90  

Increase in valuation allowance

        540     2,293     2,791  

Other

        (106 )   (44 )   (4 )
                   

Income tax expense (benefit)

  $   $ (1,240 ) $ 5,435   $ 13,435  
                   

        The Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 ("FIN 48") on January 1, 2007. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes . FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.

        At the adoption date and as of December 31, 2008, the Company had no material unrecognized tax benefits and no adjustments to liabilities or operations were required under FIN 48. The Company's practice is to recognize interest and penalty expense related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense, which were zero at the adoption date and for the year ended December 31, 2008.

        The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company's tax years 2005, 2006 and 2007 are subject to examination by the tax authorities. There were no income tax examinations in process as of December 31, 2008. While the ultimate results cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company's management believes that examinations, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition or results of operations, and that the accrued tax liabilities are adequate for all years.

        The Company made income tax payments of $5.6 million, $4.8 million and $14.6 million in 2006, 2007, 2008, respectively.

F-40



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

17. SEGMENT INFORMATION

        The Company operates, and the Predecessor operated, as one operating segment as the principal business activity relates to selling language learning software. The chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, evaluates the performance of the Company, and evaluated the performance of the Predecessor, based upon software revenues.

        Products and services are sold primarily in the United States, but are also sold through direct and indirect sales channels in other countries, primarily in Japan and Europe. Less than 5% of the Company and Predecessor's revenues were generated from sales outside of the United States for the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006, the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008. As of December 31, 2007 and 2008, the Company had $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of long-lived assets held outside of the United States.

        No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company's revenue for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006, and the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008.

18. RELATED PARTIES

        During the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006, the Company incurred $40,000 in architectural professional fees from a minority stockholder. The Predecessor did not have any related party transactions for the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006. As of December 31, 2007 and 2008, the Company had outstanding receivables from stockholders of $87,000 and $0.2 million, and outstanding receivables from employees in the amount of zero and zero, respectively.

        In connection with the acquisition of Fairfield & Sons Ltd. on January 4, 2006, the Company paid approximately $37,000 in transaction-related fees on behalf of its two largest stockholders.

F-41



ROSETTA STONE INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

19. VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

        The following table includes the Company's valuation and qualifying accounts for the respective periods (in thousands):

 
  Predecessor   Successor  
 
  Period from
January 1, through
January 4,

  Period from
January 4, through
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

  Year Ended
December 31,

 
 
  2006   2006   2007   2008  

Allowance for doubtful accounts:

                         
 

Beginning balance

  $ 227   $   $ 267   $ 627  
 

Charged to costs and expenses

        411     828     1,611  
 

Deductions—accounts written off

        (144 )   (468 )   (1,135 )
                   
 

Ending balance

    227     267     627     1,103  
                   

Sales return reserve:

                         
 

Beginning balance

    525     525     858     1,688  
 

Charged to costs and expenses

    13     5,447     10,413     14,337  
 

Deductions—reserves utilized

    (13 )   (5,114 )   (9,583 )   (12,796 )
                   
 

Ending balance

    525     858     1,688     3,229  
                   

Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory:

                         
 

Beginning balance

    13         190     478  
 

Charged to costs and expenses

        471     1,677     2,093  
 

Deductions—reserves utilized

        (281 )   (1,389 )   (2,101 )
                   
 

Ending balance

    13     190     478     470  
                   

Deferred income tax asset valuation allowance:

                         
 

Beginning balance

    147     147     687     2,980  
 

Charged to costs and expenses

        540     2,293     2,283  
 

Deductions

                 
                   
 

Ending balance

  $ 147   $ 687   $ 2,980   $ 5,263  
                   

20. SUBSEQUENT EVENT

        On January 16, 2009, the Company entered into a new credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. ("Wells Fargo") that provides the Company with a $12.5 million revolving line of credit. This revolving credit facility has a two-year term and the applicable interest rate is 2.5% above one month LIBOR, or approximately 2.9% as of January 16, 2009. On January 16, 2009, the Company borrowed approximately $9.9 million under this revolving credit facility and used these funds to repay the entire outstanding principal and interest of the term loan the Company had with Madison Capital. As a result, the Company has no borrowings owed to Madison Capital under either their term loan or revolving credit facility, and the Company has terminated these credit agreements. The remaining balance of approximately $2.6 million under the Wells Fargo revolving credit facility is available to the Company for borrowing.

F-42


LOGO



PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 13.    Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

        The following table sets forth the expenses, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions, all of which are payable by the Registrant in connection with the sale and distribution of the shares of common stock being registered hereby, including the shares being offered for sale by the selling stockholders. All amounts shown are estimates, except the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee, FINRA filing fee and the initial NYSE listing fee.

 
  Amount
to be paid
 

SEC registration fee

  $ 4,520  

FINRA filing fee

    12,000  

Initial NYSE listing fee

    *  

Legal fees and expenses

    *  

Accounting fees and expenses

    *  

Printing expenses

    *  

Transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses

    *  

Miscellaneous expenses

    *  
       

Total

  $ *  
       

      *
      To be provided by amendment.

Item 14.    Indemnification of Directors and Officers

        We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law authorizes a court to award, or a corporation's board of directors to grant, indemnity to directors and officers under certain circumstances and subject to certain limitations. The terms of Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law are sufficiently broad to permit indemnification under some circumstances for liabilities, including reimbursement of expenses incurred, arising under the Securities Act.

        As permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Registrant's second amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which will become effective upon the closing of this offering, includes a provision that eliminates the personal liability of its directors for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability:

    for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the Registrant or its stockholders;

    for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

    under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law regarding unlawful dividends, stock purchases and redemptions; or

    for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

        As permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Registrant's second amended and restated bylaws, which will become effective upon the closing of this offering, provide that:

    the Registrant is required to indemnify its directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, subject to limited exceptions where indemnification is not permitted by applicable law;

II-1


    the Registrant is required to advance expenses, as incurred, to its directors and officers in connection with a legal proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law; and

    the rights conferred in the second amended and restated bylaws are not exclusive.

        In addition, the Registrant has entered into indemnity agreements with each of its current directors and officers. These agreements provide for the indemnification of the Registrant's officers and directors for all expenses and liabilities incurred in connection with any action or proceeding brought against them by reason of the fact that they are or were agents of the Registrant. At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving a director, officer or employee of the Registrant regarding which indemnification is sought, nor is the Registrant aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification.

        The Registrant intends to obtain directors' and officers' insurance to cover its directors and officers for specific liabilities, including coverage for public securities matters.

        The indemnification provisions in the Registrant's second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws and the indemnity agreements entered into between the Registrant and each of its directors and officers may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of the Registrant's directors and officers for liabilities arising under the Securities Act.

        Reference is also made to section 10 of the underwriting agreement in Exhibit 1.1 hereto, which provides for the indemnification by the underwriters of the Registrant and its executive officers, directors and controlling persons against certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act, in connection with matters specifically provided for in writing by the underwriters for inclusion in this Registration Statement.

        See also the undertakings set out in response to Item 17 of this Registration Statement.

        Reference is made to the following documents filed as exhibits to this Registration Statement regarding relevant indemnification provisions described above and elsewhere herein:

Exhibit document
  Number

Form of Underwriting Agreement

  1.1

Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be effective upon the closing of the offering

  3.2

Second Amended and Restated Bylaws to be effective upon the closing of the offering

  3.4

Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into among Registrant and its directors and executive officers

  10.7

Item 15.    Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

        In the three years preceding the filing of this Registration Statement, we have issued the following securities that were not registered under the Securities Act:

        In January 2006, in connection with our formation, we issued the following shares of our capital stock:

    Funds associated with ABS Partners IV, L.L.C. invested $29,062,000 and received 261,558 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock and 581,240 shares of our common stock.

    Norwest Equity Partners VIII, LP invested $19,000,000 and received 171,000 shares of Series A-2 Preferred Stock and 380,000 shares of our common stock.

II-2


    Tom Adams, our chief executive officer, invested $600,000 and received 2,700 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock, 2,700 shares of Series A-2 Preferred Stock, and 12,000 shares of our common stock.

        The share totals above give effect to the conversion of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock into our undesignated common stock and the twenty-for-one stock split of common stock in May 2006.

        After giving affect to the conversion of each share of our preferred stock into 20 shares of our common stock upon completion of this offering, the effective per share price of each of those shares was $5.

        In January 2006, in connection with the acquisition of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., we issued to its stockholders 12,328 shares of our Class A Common Stock, which has been converted into 246,560 shares of our common stock and 111,031 shares of our Class B Preferred Stock.

        The sales and issuances of securities above were determined to be exempt from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act or Regulation D thereunder as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. The purchasers in such transactions were all accredited investors and represented their intention to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for resale in connection with any distribution thereof, and appropriate legends were affixed to the share certificates and other instruments issued in such transactions. The sales of these securities were made without general solicitation or advertising, and there were no underwriters used in connection with the sale of these securities. All of the foregoing securities are deemed restricted securities for the purposes of the Securities Act.

        From time to time we have granted stock options and shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options to employees, directors and consultants in compliance with Rule 701. These grants are as follows:

    From May 22, 2006 to February 2, 2007, we issued options to purchase 1,327,210 shares of common stock to our employees, consultants and other service providers under our 2006 stock option plan with an exercise price of $5.00 per share.

    From March 21, 2007 to April 20, 2007, we issued options to purchase 194,530 shares of common stock to our employees, consultants and other service providers under our 2006 stock option plan with an exercise price of $7.90 per share.

    From June 5, 2007 to August 3, 2007, we issued options to purchase 60,480 shares of common stock to our employees, consultants and other service providers under our 2006 stock option plan with an exercise price of $9.50 per share.

    On August 22, 2007, we issued options to purchase 21,470 shares of common stock to our employees, consultants and other service providers under our 2006 stock option plan with an exercise price of $13.78 per share.

    On November 28, 2007, we issued options to purchase 26,330 shares of common stock to our employees, consultants and other service providers under our 2006 stock option plan with an exercise price of $14.55 per share.

    On December 17, 2007, we issued options to purchase 17,060 shares of common stock to our employees, consultants and other service providers under our 2006 stock option plan with an exercise price of $13.78 per share.

    On February 8, 2008, we issued options to purchase 44,190 shares of common stock to our employees, consultants and other service providers under our 2006 stock option plan with an exercise price of $14.55 per share.

II-3


    On April 29, 2008, we issued options to purchase 76,420 shares of common stock to our employees, consultants and other service providers under our 2006 stock option plan with an exercise price of $15.13 per share.

    On May 28, 2008, we issued options to purchase 85,320 shares of common stock to our employees, consultants and other service providers under our 2006 stock option plan with an exercise price of $13.47 per share.

    On August 19, 2008, we issued options to purchase 27,750 shares of common stock to our employees, consultants and other service providers under our 2006 stock option plan with an exercise price of $18.49 per share.

    On November 19, 2008, we issued options to purchase 76,170 shares of common stock to our employees, consultants and other service providers under our 2006 stock option plan with an exercise price of $22.74 per share.

        Since our inception in December 2005 through December 31, 2008, options have been exercised to acquire 249,171 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $5.04 per share.

        The sales and issuances of securities listed above were deemed to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act by virtue of Rule 701 promulgated under Section 3(b) of the Securities Act as transactions pursuant to compensation benefits plans and contracts relating to compensation. All of the foregoing securities are deemed restricted securities for the purposes of the Securities Act.

II-4



Item 16.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(A)  Exhibits

 
   
  Index to exhibits
 

1.1

 

*

 

Form of Underwriting Agreement

 

2.1

 

**

 

Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of January 4, 2006, by and among Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., Rosetta Stone Inc., Rosetta Stone Holdings Inc., the Shareholders of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., Tom Adams, and Eugene Stoltzfus

 

3.1

 

**

 

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as currently in effect

 

3.2

     

Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, to be effective upon the closing of the offering

 

3.3

 

**

 

Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant dated as of January 4, 2006, as currently in effect

 

3.4

     

Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, to be effective upon the closing of the offering

 

4.1

     

Specimen certificate evidencing shares of common stock

 

4.2

 

**

 

Subscription Agreement dated as of January 4, 2006, by and among Rosetta Stone Inc., ABS Capital Partners IV, L.P., ABS Capital Partners IV A, L.P., ABS Capital Partners Offshore, L.P., ABS Capital Partners Special Offshore, L.P., Norwest Equity Partners VIII, L.P., Madison Capital Funding LLC, and Tom Adams

 

4.3

 

**

 

Registration Rights Agreement dated as of January 4, 2006 among Rosetta Stone Inc. and the Investor Shareholders and other Shareholders listed on Exhibit A Thereto

 

5.1

 

*

 

Opinion of Fulbright & Jaworski, L.L.P.

 

10.1+

 

**

 

2006 Incentive Option Plan

 

10.2+

 

*

 

2009 Omnibus Incentive Plan

 

10.3+

 

**

 

Director Form of Option Award Agreement under the 2006 Plan

 

10.4+

 

**

 

Executive Form of Option Award Agreement under the 2006 Plan

 

10.5+

 

**

 

Standard Form of Option Award Agreement under the 2006 Plan

 

10.6+

 

*

 

Form of Option Award Agreement under the 2009 Plan

 

10.7

 

**

 

Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into with each director and executive officer

 

10.8+

     

Executive Employment Agreement between Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Tom Adams dated February 20, 2009

 

10.9

     

[Intentionally deleted]

 

10.10

 

**

 

Lease Agreement dated as of February 26, 2006, by and between Premier Flex Condos, LLC and Fairfield Language Technologies,  Inc., as amended

 

10.11

 

**

 

Sublease Agreement dated as of October 6, 2008, by and between The Corporate Executive Board Company and Rosetta Stone Ltd.

 

10.12

 

***

 

Software License Agreement by and between The Regents of the University of Colorado and Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. dated as of December 22, 2006

 

10.13+

 

*

 

Form of Restricted Stock Award under the 2009 Plan

 

10.14

 

**

 

Credit Agreement dated as of January 16, 2009 between Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Wells Fargo Bank N.A.

 

10.15+

     

Executive Employment Agreement between Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Brian Helman dated February 20, 2009

 

10.16+

     

Executive Employment Agreement between Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Eric Eichmann dated February 20, 2009

 

10.17+

     

Executive Employment Agreement between Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Gregory Long dated February 20, 2009

 

10.18+

     

Executive Employment Agreement between Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Michael Wu dated February 20, 2009

 

21.1

 

**

 

Subsidiaries of the Registrant

 

23.1

     

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accounting firm

 

23.2

 

*

 

Consent of Fulbright & Jaworski, L.L.P. (included in Exhibit 5.1)

 

24.1

 

**

 

Power of Attorney (included on signature page of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on September 23, 2008)

II-5


 
   
  Index to exhibits
 

99.1

 

**

 

Consent of The Nielsen Company dated September 18, 2008

 

99.2

 

**

 

Consent of Global Market Insite Inc. dated September 17, 2008

 

99.3

 

**

 

Consent of Euromonitor International Inc. dated September 22, 2008

 

99.4

 

**

 

Consent of Global Industry Analysts, Inc. dated September 17, 2008

 

99.5

     

Consent of Roumen Vesselinov Ph.D. dated February 20, 2009


*
To be filed by amendment.

**
Previously filed.

***
Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment.

+
Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

(B)  Financial Statement Schedule

        All schedules have been omitted because the information required to be presented in them are not applicable or is shown in the financial statements or related notes.

Item 17.    Undertakings

        The undersigned hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

        Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the DGCL, our Certificate of Incorporation or our Bylaws, the underwriting agreement or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by one of our directors, officers, or controlling persons in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered hereunder, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

        We hereby undertake that:

    For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by us pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

    For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and this offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

II-6



SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Arlington, Commonwealth of Virginia, on February 23, 2009.

  Rosetta Stone Inc.

 

By:

 

/s/ TOM P. H. ADAMS

Tom P. H. Adams
Chief Executive Officer

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature
 
Title
 
Date

 

 

 

 

 
/s/ TOM P. H. ADAMS

Tom P. H. Adams
  Chief Executive Officer (Principal
Executive Officer) and Director
  February 23, 2009

/s/ BRIAN D. HELMAN

Brian D. Helman

 

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

February 23, 2009

/s/ LAURA L. WITT

Laura L. Witt

 

Director

 

February 23, 2009

/s/ PHILLIP A. CLOUGH

Phillip A. Clough

 

Director

 

February 23, 2009

/s/ JOHN T. COLEMAN

John T. Coleman

 

Director

 

February 23, 2009

/s/ LAURENCE FRANKLIN

Laurence Franklin

 

Director

 

February 23, 2009

/s/ PATRICK W. GROSS

Patrick W. Gross

 

Director

 

February 23, 2009

/s/ JOHN E. LINDAHL

John E. Lindahl

 

Director

 

February 23, 2009

II-7



Index to Exhibits

 
   
   
 

1.1

 

*

 

Form of Underwriting Agreement

 

2.1

 

**

 

Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of January 4, 2006, by and among Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., Rosetta Stone Inc., Rosetta Stone Holdings Inc., the Shareholders of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd., Tom Adams, and Eugene Stoltzfus

 

3.1

 

**

 

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as currently in effect

 

3.2

     

Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, to be effective upon the closing of the offering

 

3.3

 

**

 

Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant dated as of January 4, 2006, as currently in effect

 

3.4

     

Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, to be effective upon the closing of the offering

 

4.1

     

Specimen certificate evidencing shares of common stock

 

4.2

 

**

 

Subscription Agreement dated as of January 4, 2006, by and among Rosetta Stone Inc., ABS Capital Partners IV, L.P., ABS Capital Partners IV A, L.P., ABS Capital Partners Offshore, L.P., ABS Capital Partners Special Offshore, L.P., Norwest Equity Partners VIII, L.P., Madison Capital Funding LLC, and Tom Adams

 

4.3

 

**

 

Registration Rights Agreement dated as of January 4, 2006 among Rosetta Stone Inc. and the Investor Shareholders and other Shareholders listed on Exhibit A Thereto

 

5.1

 

*

 

Opinion of Fulbright & Jaworski, L.L.P.

 

10.1+

 

**

 

2006 Incentive Option Plan

 

10.2+

 

*

 

2009 Omnibus Incentive Plan

 

10.3+

 

**

 

Director Form of Option Award Agreement under the 2006 Plan

 

10.4+

 

**

 

Executive Form of Option Award Agreement under the 2006 Plan

 

10.5+

 

**

 

Standard Form of Option Award Agreement under the 2006 Plan

 

10.6+

 

*

 

Form of Option Award Agreement under the 2009 Plan

 

10.7

 

**

 

Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into with each director and executive officer

 

10.8+

     

Executive Employment Agreement between Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Tom Adams dated February 20, 2009

 

10.9

     

[Intentionally deleted]

 

10.10

 

**

 

Lease Agreement dated as of February 26, 2006, by and between Premier Flex Condos, LLC and Fairfield Language Technologies,  Inc., as amended

 

10.11

 

**

 

Sublease Agreement dated as of October 6, 2008, by and between The Corporate Executive Board Company and Rosetta Stone Ltd.

 

10.12

 

***

 

Software License Agreement by and between The Regents of the University of Colorado and Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. dated as of December 22, 2006

 

10.13+

 

*

 

Form of Restricted Stock Award under the 2009 Plan

 

10.14

 

**

 

Credit Agreement dated as of January 16, 2009 between Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Wells Fargo Bank N.A.

 

10.15+

     

Executive Employment Agreement between Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Brian Helman dated February 20, 2009

 

10.16+

     

Executive Employment Agreement between Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Eric Eichmann dated February 20, 2009

 

10.17+

     

Executive Employment Agreement between Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Gregory Long dated February 20, 2009

 

10.18+

     

Executive Employment Agreement between Rosetta Stone Ltd. and Michael Wu dated February 20, 2009

 

21.1

 

**

 

Subsidiaries of the Registrant

 

23.1

     

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accounting firm

 
   
   
 

23.2

 

*

 

Consent of Fulbright & Jaworski, L.L.P. (included in Exhibit 5.1)

 

24.1

 

**

 

Power of Attorney (included on signature page of the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on September 23, 2008)

II-8


 
   
   
 

99.1

 

**

 

Consent of The Nielsen Company dated September 18, 2008

 

99.2

 

**

 

Consent of Global Market Insite Inc. dated September 17, 2008

 

99.3

 

**

 

Consent of Euromonitor International Inc. dated September 22, 2008

 

99.4

 

**

 

Consent of Global Industry Analysts, Inc. dated September 17, 2008

 

99.5

     

Consent of Roumen Vesselinov Ph.D. dated February 20, 2009


*
To be filed by amendment.

**
Previously filed.

***
Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment.

+
Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

II-9




QuickLinks

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
RISK FACTORS
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
USE OF PROCEEDS
DIVIDEND POLICY
CAPITALIZATION
DILUTION
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
2008 Company Level Financial Target Achievement
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
PRINCIPAL AND SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME AND ESTATE TAX CONSIDERATIONS TO NON-U.S. HOLDERS
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
UNDERWRITERS
LEGAL MATTERS
EXPERTS
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ROSETTA STONE INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except per share amounts)
ROSETTA STONE INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands except per share amounts)
ROSETTA STONE INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (in thousands)
ROSETTA STONE INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands)
ROSETTA STONE INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PART II INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
SIGNATURES
Index to Exhibits

Exhibit 3.2

 

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

 

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

 

OF

 

ROSETTA STONE INC.

 

a Delaware corporation

 

ROSETTA STONE INC. (the “ Corporation” ), a corporation organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ DGCL ”), does hereby certify that:

 

A.                                    The name of the Corporation is Rosetta Stone Inc.  The date of the filing of the original Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware was December 23, 2005 (the “ Original Certificate ”).

 

B.                                      This Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “ Certificate ”) amends, restates and integrates the provisions of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation that was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on January 4, 2006, as amended on May 9, 2006 (the “ Amended and Restated Certificate ”), and was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Sections 242 and 245 of the DGCL and by the written consent of its stockholders in accordance with Section 228 of the DGCL.

 

C.                                      The text of the Amended and Restated Certificate is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to provide as herein set forth in full.

 

ARTICLE I
NAME

 

The name of this corporation is Rosetta Stone Inc.

 

ARTICLE II
REGISTERED OFFICE AND AGENT

 

The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the State of Delaware is 1209 Orange Street, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19801.  The name of the registered agent of the Corporation at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.

 

ARTICLE III
PURPOSE

 

The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the DGCL.

 



 

ARTICLE IV
CAPITAL STOCK

 

1.                                        This Corporation is authorized to issue two classes of stock to be designated, respectively, “Common Stock” and “Preferred Stock.”  The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation shall have the authority to issue is 200,000,000 consisting of 190,000,000 shares of Common Stock, with a par value of $0.00005 per share and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.001 per share.  Each share of Common Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to one (1) vote on each matter submitted to a vote at any meeting of stockholders.

 

2.                                        The Board of Directors is further authorized, subject to the limitations prescribed by law, to fix by resolution or resolutions the designations, powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, of any wholly unissued series of Preferred Stock, including without limitation, authority to fix by resolution or resolutions the dividend rights, dividend rate, conversion rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption (including sinking fund provisions), redemption price or prices, and liquidation preferences of any such series, and the number of shares constituting any such series and the designation thereof, or any of the foregoing.

 

3.                                        The Board of Directors is further authorized to increase (but not above the total number of authorized shares of the class) or decrease (but not below the number of shares of any such series then outstanding) the number of shares of any series of Preferred Stock, the number of which is fixed by it, subsequent to the issuance of shares then outstanding, subject to the powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof stated in this Certificate or the resolution of the Board of Directors originally fixing the number of shares of such series.  If the number of shares of any series is so decreased, then the shares constituting such decrease shall resume the status which they had prior to the adoption of the resolution originally fixing the number of shares of such series.

 

ARTICLE V
DURATION

 

The Corporation is to have perpetual existence.

 

ARTICLE VI
BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

1.                                        The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.  In addition to the powers and authority expressly conferred upon them by statute or by this Certificate or the Bylaws of the Corporation, the directors are hereby empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation.

 

2.                                        The directors, other than those who may be elected by the holders of any series of Preferred Stock pursuant to the provisions of this Certificate or any resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of such class or series of stock adopted by the Board of Directors, shall be elected by the stockholders entitled to vote thereon

 

2



 

in the manner and at the times provided in the Bylaws of the Corporation.

 

3.                                        Elections of directors need not be by written ballot unless the Bylaws of the Corporation shall so provide.

 

4.                                        No stockholder shall be permitted to cumulate votes at any election of directors.

 

5.                                        Subject to the rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the number of directors that constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be fixed, and may be increased or decreased from time to time, exclusively by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board of Directors.  No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

 

6.                                        Any director may be removed from the Board of Directors by the stockholders of the Corporation only for cause, and in such case only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the total voting power of all classes of the then outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (the “ Voting Stock ”).

 

7.                                        Except as otherwise provided by any resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of a class or series of Preferred Stock adopted by the Board of Directors, newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors or any vacancies in the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office or other cause shall be filled solely by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, or by the sole remaining director.  Any director so chosen shall hold office until his or her successor shall be elected and qualified.

 

ARTICLE VII
BYLAWS

 

In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation.  The affirmative vote of at least a majority of the Board of Directors then in office shall be required in order for the Board of Directors to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Corporation’s Bylaws.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate or any provision of law that might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in addition to any affirmative vote of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock required by law, by this Certificate or by any resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of such class or series of stock adopted by the Board of Directors, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the total voting power of the Voting Stock, voting together as a single class, shall be required for the stockholders of the Corporation to alter, amend or repeal any provision of the Bylaws, or to adopt any new Bylaw; provided, however, that the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2 / 3 % of the total voting power of the Voting Stock, voting together as a single class, shall be required for the stockholders of the Corporation to alter, amend or repeal, or adopt any Bylaw inconsistent with, the following provisions of the Bylaws: ARTICLE I; Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.4 and 2.12 of ARTICLE II;

 

3



 

ARTICLE V; and ARTICLE IX, or in each case, any successor provision (including, without limitation, any such article or section as renumbered as a result of any amendment, alteration, change, repeal or adoption of any other Bylaw).  No Bylaw hereafter legally altered, amended or repealed shall invalidate any prior act of the directors or officers of the Corporation that would have been valid if such Bylaw had not been altered, amended or repealed.

 

ARTICLE VIII
AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

 

The Corporation reserves the right at any time from time to time to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Certificate, and any other provisions authorized by the laws of the State of Delaware at the time in force may be added or inserted, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by law.  All rights, preferences and privileges of whatsoever nature conferred upon stockholders, directors or any other persons or entities whomsoever by and pursuant to this Certificate in its present form or as hereafter amended are granted subject to the right reserved in this ARTICLE VIII.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate or any provision of law that might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in addition to any affirmative vote of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock required by law, by this Certificate or by any resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of such class or series of stock adopted by the Board of Directors, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2 / 3 % of the total voting power of the Voting Stock, voting together as a single class, shall be required to amend, alter, change or repeal, or adopt any provision inconsistent with ARTICLE VI, ARTICLE VII, ARTICLE IX, ARTICLE X, and this ARTICLE VIII of this Certificate, or in each case, any successor provision (including, without limitation, any such article or section as renumbered as a result of any amendment, alteration, change, repeal or adoption of any other provision of this Certificate).  Any repeal or modification of ARTICLE IX shall not adversely affect any right or protection of any person existing thereunder with respect to any act or omission occurring prior to such repeal or modification.

 

ARTICLE IX
LIMITATIONS ON LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

 

1.                                        To the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as the same exists or as may hereafter be amended, a director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director.  If the DGCL is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director of the Corporation shall be eliminated to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as so amended.

 

2.                                        The Corporation shall indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any director or officer of the Corporation who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “ Proceeding ”) by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans,

 

4



 

against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such Proceeding.  The Corporation shall be required to indemnify a person in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such person only if the Proceeding was authorized by the Board of Directors.

 

3.                                        The Corporation shall have the power to indemnify, to the extent permitted by the DGCL, as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended from time to time, any employee or agent of the Corporation who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such Proceeding.

 

4.                                        The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any such expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the DGCL.

 

5.                                        Neither any amendment or repeal of any Section of this ARTICLE IX, nor the adoption of any provision of this Certificate inconsistent with this ARTICLE IX, shall eliminate or reduce the effect of this ARTICLE IX, in respect of any matter occurring, or any action or proceeding accruing or arising or that, but for this ARTICLE IX, would accrue or arise, prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption of an inconsistent provision.

 

ARTICLE X
STOCKHOLDER ACTION

 

1.                                        Any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation and may not be effected by any action by written consent by such stockholders.

 

2.                                        Except as otherwise required by law or provided by any resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of a class or series of Preferred Stock adopted by the Board of Directors, special meetings of stockholders of the Corporation may be called only by (1) the Chairman of the Board of Directors and (2) the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution approved by a majority of the entire Board of Directors and any other power of stockholders to call a special meeting is specifically denied.  No business other than that stated in the notice of a special meeting of stockholders shall be transacted at such special meeting.

 

3.                                        Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of directors and of business to be brought by stockholders before any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws.

 

5



 

ARTICLE XI
PERMITTED ACTIVITIES AND CORPORATE OPPORTUNITIES

 

The Corporation renounces any interest or expectancy of the Corporation in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any Excluded Opportunity.  An “ Excluded Opportunity ” is any matter, transaction or interest that is presented to, or acquired, created or developed by, or which otherwise comes into the possession of any director of the Corporation who is not an employee of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries (collectively, “ Permitted Persons ”), unless such matter, transaction or interest is presented to, or acquired, created or developed by, or otherwise comes into the possession of, a Permitted Person expressly and solely in such Permitted Person’s capacity as a director of the Corporation.

 

*****

 

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THIS SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION is executed as of this        day of                      , 2008.

 

 

ROSETTA STONE INC.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Tom Adams

 

 

President and Chief Executive Officer

 

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-Exhibit 3.4

 

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

 

BYLAWS

 

of

 

ROSETTA STONE INC.

 

Adopted September 17, 2008

(to be effective upon the closing of the Company’s initial public offering)

 

ARTICLE I — MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

 

1.1           Annual Meetings of Stockholders .  The annual meeting of the stockholders of Rosetta Stone Inc. (the “ Corporation ”) shall be held on such day as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “ Board of Directors ”) and stated in the notice of the meeting, and on any subsequent day or days to which such meeting may be adjourned, for the purposes of electing directors and of transacting such other business as may properly come before the meeting.  The Board of Directors shall designate the place, which may be any place within or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may designate, and time for the holding of such meeting, and not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days notice shall be given to the stockholders of record as of the record date for the meeting of the time and place so fixed.

 

1.2           Special Meetings of Stockholders .  Special meetings of the stockholders may be called at any time by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution approved by a majority of the entire Board of Directors.  The Board of Directors shall designate the place, which may be any place within or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may designate, and time for the holding of such meeting, and not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days notice shall be given to the stockholders of record as of the record date for the meeting of the time and place so fixed.

 

1.3           Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations .

 

(a)           Annual Meetings of Stockholders .

 

(i)                   Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders only (A) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto), (B) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (C) by any stockholder of the Corporation who (1) was a stockholder of record of the Corporation at the time the notice provided for in this Section 1.3 is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation and at the time of the annual meeting, (2) shall be entitled to vote at such meeting, and (3) complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 1.3 as to such nomination or business.  Clause (C)  above shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make nominations or submit business (other than matters properly brought under Rule 14a-8 (or any successor

 



 

thereto) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”) and indicated in the Corporation’s notice of meeting) before an annual meeting of stockholders.

 

(ii)                  Without qualification, for nominations or any other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to Section 1.3(a)(i)(C) , the stockholder, in addition to any other applicable requirements, must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and any such proposed business must constitute a proper matter for stockholder action.  To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day nor earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting (provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty days before or more than sixty (60) days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation).  In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of the annual meeting of stockholders commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.  To be in proper form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary (whether pursuant to this Section 1.3(a)  or Section 1.3(b)  shall set forth:

 

(A)          as to each person, if any, whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (1) all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to and in accordance with Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, (2) such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected, (3) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, and their respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee, and his or her respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the other hand, including, without limitation all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Rule 404 promulgated under Regulation S-K if the stockholder making the nomination and any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made, if any, or any affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith, were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant; and (4) with respect to each nominee for election or reelection to the Board of Directors, include a completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement required by Section 1.4 ;

 

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(B)           if the notice relates to any business (other than the nomination of persons for election as directors) that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, (1) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, (2) the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (3) the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the Bylaws of the Corporation, the language of the proposed amendment), (4) any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, and (5) a description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder; and

 

(C)           as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made (1) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and of such beneficial owner, if any, (2)[a] the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and by such beneficial owner, [b] any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right, or similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in the underlying class or series of capital stock of the Corporation or otherwise (a “ Derivative Instrument ”) directly or indirectly owned beneficially by such stockholder and by such beneficial owner, if any, and any other direct or indirect opportunity held or owned beneficially by such stockholder and by such beneficial owner, if any, to profit or share in any profit derived from any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation, [c] any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding, or relationship pursuant to which such stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, has a right to vote any shares of any security of the Company, [d] any short interest in any security of the Company (for purposes of this Section 1.3 , a person shall be deemed to have a short interest in a security if such person directly or indirectly, through a contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has the opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any decrease in the value of the subject security), [e] any right to dividends on the shares of capital stock of the Corporation owned beneficially by such stockholder or such beneficial owner, if any, which right is separated or separable from the underlying shares, [f] any proportionate interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation or Derivative Instrument held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which such stockholder or such beneficial owner, if any, is a general partner or with

 

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respect to which such stockholder or such beneficial owner, if any, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner, and [g] any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) to which such stockholder or such beneficial owner, if any, is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments, if any, in each case with respect to the information required to be included in the notice pursuant to clauses [a] through [g] above , as of the date of such notice and including, without limitation, any such interests held by members of such stockholder’s or such beneficial owner’s immediate family sharing the same household (which information shall be supplemented by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, if any, [i] not later than 10 days after the record date for the annual meeting to disclose such ownership as of the record date, [ii] 10 days before the annual meeting date, and [iii] immediately prior to the commencement of the annual meeting, by delivery to the Secretary of the Corporation of such supplemented information), (3) any other information relating to such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitation of proxies for election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, (4) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business or nomination, and (5) a representation whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, intends or is part of a group that intends [i] to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or elect the nominee or [ii] otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal or nomination.

 

(D)          such other information as the Corporation may reasonably require or that is otherwise reasonably necessary (1) to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation, (2) to determine whether such nominee qualifies as an “independent director” or “audit committee financial expert” under applicable law, securities exchange rule or regulation, or any publicly-disclosed corporate governance guideline or committee charter of the Corporation; and (3) that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence and qualifications, or lack thereof, of such nominee.

 

(iii)                 Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of Section 1.3(a)(ii)  to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation at an annual meeting is increased and there is no public announcement by the Corporation naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size

 

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of the increased Board of Directors at least one hundred (100) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 1.3 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.

 

(b)           Special Meetings of Stockholders .  Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting.  Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) provided that the Board of Directors has determined that the directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time the notice provided for in this Section 1.3 is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and upon such election, and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 1.3 .  In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such stockholder entitled to vote in such election of directors may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice in the same form as required by paragraph (a)(ii)  of this Section 1.3 with respect to any nomination (including the completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement required by Section 1.4 ) shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such special meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting.  In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of a special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

 

(c)           General .

 

(i)                   Subject to Section 2.4 , only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.3 shall be eligible to be elected at an annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.3 .  Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended (the “ Certificate of Incorporation ”) or these Bylaws, the Chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty (A) to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.3 and (B) if any proposed nomination or business was not made or proposed in compliance with this Section 1.3 , to declare that such nomination shall be disregarded or that such proposed business shall not be transacted.  Notwithstanding the

 

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foregoing provisions of this Section 1.3 , unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present a nomination or proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation.  For purposes of this Section 1.3 , to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of the stockholders.

 

(ii)                  For purpose of this Section 1.3 , “ public announcement ” shall include disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press, or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

(iii)                 Nothing in this Section 1.3 , shall be deemed to affect any rights (A) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals or nominations in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (or any successor thereto) promulgated under the Exchange Act or (B) of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to nominate and elect directors pursuant to and to the extent provided in any applicable provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation.

 

1.4           Submission of Questionnaire, Representation and Agreement .  To be eligible to be a nominee for election or reelection as a director of the Corporation, a person must deliver (in accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under Section 1.3 of these Bylaws) to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such person and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request) and a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such person (a) is not and will not become a party to (i) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “ Voting Commitment ”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (ii) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such person’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (b) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed therein, and (c) in such person’s individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Corporation, and will comply with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation.

 

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1.5           Record Date .  The Board of Directors may fix a date, not less than ten (10) or more than sixty (60) days preceding the date of any meeting of stockholders, as a record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, any such meeting.  The Board of Directors shall not close the books of the Corporation against transfers of shares during the whole or any part of such period.

 

1.6           Proxies .  The notice of every meeting of the stockholders may be accompanied by a form of proxy approved by the Board of Directors in favor of such person or persons as the Board of Directors may select.

 

1.7           Quorum and Voting .  A majority of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of the stockholders, and the stockholders present at any duly convened meeting may continue to do business until adjournment notwithstanding any withdrawal from the meeting of holders of shares counted in determining the existence of a quorum.  Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast in the election.  For all matters as to which no other voting requirement is specified by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended (the “ DGCL ”), the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, the affirmative vote required for stockholder action shall be that of a majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting (as counted for purposes of determining the existence of a quorum at the meeting).  In the case of a matter submitted for a vote of the stockholders as to which a stockholder approval requirement is applicable under the stockholder approval policy of the New York Stock Exchange or any other exchange or quotation system on which the capital stock of the Corporation is quoted or traded, the requirements of Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act or any provision of the Internal Revenue Code, in each case for which no higher voting requirement is specified by the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the vote required for approval shall be the requisite vote specified in such stockholder approval policy, Rule 16b-3 or Internal Revenue Code provision, as the case may be (or the highest such requirement if more than one is applicable).  For the approval of the appointment of independent public accountants (if submitted for a vote of the stockholders), the vote required for approval shall be a majority of the votes cast on the matter.

 

1.8           Adjournment .  Any meeting of the stockholders may be adjourned from time to time, without notice other than by announcement at the meeting at which such adjournment is taken, and at any such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present any action may be taken that could have been taken at the meeting originally called; provided , that if the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting.

 

ARTICLE II — DIRECTORS

 

2.1           Powers The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise provided in the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation.

 

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2.2           Number of Directors The Board of Directors shall initially consist of seven (7) members, each of whom shall be a natural person.  Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified circumstances, the number of directors shall be fixed, and may be increased or decreased from time to time, exclusively by a resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board of Directors.  No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director before that director’s term of office expires.

 

2.3           Election, Qualification and Term of Office of Directors Except as provided in Section 2.4 , and subject to Article I , and this Section 2.3, directors shall be elected at each annual meeting of stockholders.  Directors need not be stockholders unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.  The Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws may prescribe other qualifications for directors.  The directors, other than those who may be elected by the holders of any series of Preferred Stock under specified circumstances, shall be apportioned, with respect to the time for which they severally hold office, into three classes, as nearly equal in number as is possible and designated Class I, Class II and Class III. Class I shall be initially elected for a term expiring at the first annual meeting of stockholders to be held after the Corporation’s initial public offering, Class II shall be initially elected for a term expiring at the second annual meeting of stockholders to be held after the Corporation’s initial public offering, and Class III shall be initially elected for a term expiring at the third annual meeting of stockholders to be held after the Corporation’s initial public offering. Members of each class shall hold office until their successors are elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal. At each succeeding annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, the successors of the class of directors whose term expires at that meeting shall be elected for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders held in the third year following the year of their election. In case of any increase or decrease, from time to time, in the number of directors, other than those who may be elected by the holders of any series of Preferred Stock under specified circumstances, the number of directors added to or eliminated from each class shall be apportioned so that the number of directors in each class thereafter shall be as nearly equal as possible.

 

2.4           Resignation and Vacancies Any director may resign at any time upon notice given in writing or by electronic transmission to the Corporation.  A resignation is effective when the resignation is delivered unless the resignation specifies a later effective date or an effective date determined upon the happening of an event or events.  A resignation which is conditioned upon the director failing to receive a specified vote for reelection as a director may provide that it is irrevocable.  Except as otherwise provided by any resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of a class or series of Preferred Stock adopted by the Board of Directors, newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors or any vacancies in the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office or other cause shall be filled solely by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, or by the sole remaining director.  Any director so chosen shall hold office until his or her successor shall be elected and qualified.

 

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If at any time, by reason of death or resignation or other cause, the Corporation should have no directors in office, then any officer may call a special meeting of stockholders in accordance with the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, or may apply to the Court of Chancery for a decree summarily ordering an election as provided in Section 211 of the DGCL.

 

A director elected to fill a vacancy shall be elected for the unexpired term of his or her predecessor in office and until such director’s successor is elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.

 

2.5           Place of Meetings; Meetings by Telephone The Board of Directors may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or outside the State of Delaware.

 

Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

 

2.6           Conduct of Business Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, or in his or her absence by the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, or in the absence of the foregoing persons by a chairman designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such designation by a chairman chosen at the meeting.  The chairman of the meeting shall appoint a person to act as secretary of each meeting.

 

2.7           Regular Meetings Notice Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.

 

2.8           Special Meetings Notice Special meetings of the Board of Directors for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or a majority of the directors.

 

Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be:

 

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(a)           delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone;

 

(b)           sent by United States first-class mail, postage prepaid;

 

(c)                                   sent by nationally recognized overnight delivery service for next day delivery;

 

(d)           sent by facsimile; or

 

(e)           sent by electronic mail,

 

directed to each director at that director’s address, telephone number, facsimile number or electronic mail address, as the case may be, as shown on the Corporation’s records.

 

If the notice is (i) delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone, (ii) sent by facsimile or (iii) sent by electronic mail, it shall be delivered or sent at least 24 hours before the time of the holding of the meeting.  If the notice is sent by overnight delivery service, it shall be deposited for next day delivery at least two (2) days before the time of the holding of the meeting.  If the notice is sent by United States mail, it shall be deposited in the United States mail at least four (4) days before the time of the holding of the meeting.  Any oral notice may be communicated to the director directly.  The notice need not specify the purpose of the meeting.

 

2.9           Quorum; Voting At all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the total authorized number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.  If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, then the directors present at the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present.  A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for that meeting.

 

The vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.

 

If the Certificate of Incorporation provides that one or more directors shall have more or less than one vote per director on any matter, every reference in these Bylaws to a majority or other proportion of the directors shall refer to a majority or other proportion of the votes of the directors.

 

2.10         Board Action by Written Consent Without a Meeting Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors

 

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or committee.  Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

 

2.11         Fees and Compensation of Directors Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors.

 

2.12         Removal of Directors Any director may be removed from the Board of Directors by the stockholders of the Corporation only for cause, and in such case only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the total voting power of all classes of the then outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.

 

ARTICLE III — COMMITTEES

 

3.1           Committees of Directors The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation.  The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee.  In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members of the committee present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.  Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors or in these Bylaws, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority to (i) approve or adopt, or recommend to the stockholders, any action or matter (other than the election or removal of directors) expressly required by the DGCL to be submitted to stockholders for approval, or (ii) adopt, amend or repeal any bylaw of the Corporation.

 

3.2           Committee Minutes Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required.

 

3.3           Meetings and Actions of Committees Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, and held and taken in accordance with, the provisions of:

 

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(a)                                   Section 2.5 (Place of Meetings; Meetings by Telephone);

 

(b)                                  Section 2.7 (Regular Meetings);

 

(c)                                   Section 2.8 (Special Meetings; Notice);

 

(d)                                  Section 2.9 (Quorum; Voting);

 

(e)                                   Section 2.10 (Board Action by Written Consent Without a Meeting); and

 

(f)                                     Section 7.5 (Waiver of Notice)

 

with such changes in the context of those Bylaws as are necessary to substitute the committee and its members for the Board of Directors and its members.  However :

 

(a)                                   the time of regular meetings of committees may be determined either by resolution of the Board of Directors or by resolution of the committee;

 

(b)                                  special meetings of committees may also be called by resolution of the Board of Directors; and

 

(c)                                   notice of special meetings of committees shall also be given to all alternate members, who shall have the right to attend all meetings of the committee.  The Board of Directors may adopt rules for the government of any committee not inconsistent with the provisions of these Bylaws.

 

3.4                                  Subcommittees Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or the resolutions of the Board of Directors designating the committee, a committee may create one or more subcommittees, each subcommittee to consist of one or more members of the committee, and delegate to a subcommittee any or all of the powers and authority of the committee.

 

ARTICLE IV — OFFICERS

 

4.1                                  Officers The officers of the Corporation shall be a President and a Secretary.  The Corporation may also have, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, a Chairman of the Board of Directors, a Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, a Chief Executive Officer, one or more Vice Presidents, a Chief Financial Officer, a General Counsel, a Treasurer, one or more Assistant Treasurers, one or more Assistant Secretaries, and any such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws.  Any number of offices may be held by the same person.

 

4.2                                  Appointment of Officers The Board of Directors shall appoint the officers of the Corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.3 of these Bylaws.

 

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4.3                                  Subordinate Officers The Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer or, in the absence of a Chief Executive Officer, the President, may appoint, such other officers and agents as the business of the Corporation may require.  Each of such officers and agents shall hold office for such period, have such authority, and perform such duties as are provided in these Bylaws or as the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer or President may from time to time determine.

 

4.4                                  Removal and Resignation of Officers Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by an affirmative vote of the majority of the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors or, except in the case of an officer chosen by the Board of Directors, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the Board of Directors.

 

Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Corporation.  Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that notice or at any later time specified in that notice.  Unless otherwise specified in the notice of resignation, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.  Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the Corporation under any contract to which the officer is a party.

 

4.5                                  Vacancies in Offices Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors or as provided in Section 4.3 .

 

4.6                                  Representation of Shares of Other Corporations Unless otherwise directed by the Board of Directors, the President or any other person authorized by the Board of Directors or the President is authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of the Corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation or corporations standing in the name of the Corporation.  The authority granted herein may be exercised either by such person directly or by any other person authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such person having the authority.

 

4.7                                  Authority and Duties of Officers Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, the officers of the Corporation shall have such powers and duties in the management of the Corporation as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and, to the extent not so provided, as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the control of the Board of Directors.

 

ARTICLE V — INDEMNIFICATION

 

5.1                                  Indemnification of Directors and Officers in Third Party Proceedings Subject to the other provisions of this Article V , the Corporation shall indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as now or hereinafter in effect, any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “ Proceeding ”) (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees),

 

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judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such Proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful.  The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that such person’s conduct was unlawful.

 

5.2                                  Indemnification of Directors and Officers in Actions by or in the Right of the Corporation Subject to the other provisions of this Article V , the Corporation shall indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as now or hereinafter in effect, any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

 

5.3                                  Successful Defense .   To the extent that a present or former director or officer of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding described in Section 5.1 or Section 5.2 , or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith.

 

5.4                                  Indemnification of Others Subject to the other provisions of this Article V , the Corporation shall have power to indemnify its employees and agents to the extent not prohibited by the DGCL or other applicable law.  The Board of Directors shall have the power to delegate to such person or persons the determination of whether employees or agents shall be indemnified.

 

5.5                                  Advanced Payment of Expenses Expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an officer or director of the Corporation in defending any Proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the person to repay such amounts if it shall ultimately be determined that the person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article V or the DGCL. Such expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by former directors and officers or other

 

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employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Corporation deems appropriate.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise determined pursuant to Section 5.8 , no advance shall be made by the Corporation to an officer of the Corporation (except by reason of the fact that such officer is or was a director of the Corporation, in which event this paragraph shall not apply) in any Proceeding if a determination is reasonably and promptly made (i) by a majority vote of the directors who are not parties to such Proceeding, even though less than a quorum, or (ii) by a committee of such directors designated by majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (iii) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, that facts known to the decision-making party at the time such determination is made demonstrate clearly and convincingly that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation.

 

5.6                                  Limitation on Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses Subject to the requirements in Section 5.3 and the DGCL, the Corporation shall not be required to provide indemnification or, with respect to clauses (i), (iii) and (iv)  below, advance expenses to any person pursuant to this Article V :

 

(a)                                   in connection with any Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person except (i) as otherwise required by law, (ii) in specific cases if the Proceeding was authorized by the Board of Directors, or (iii) as is required to be made under Section 5.7 ;

 

(b)                                  in connection with any Proceeding (or part thereof) against such person providing for an accounting or disgorgement of profits pursuant to the provisions of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or similar provisions of any federal, state or local statutory law or common law;

 

(c)                                   for amounts for which payment has actually been made to or on behalf of such person under any statute, insurance policy or indemnity provision, except with respect to any excess beyond the amount paid; or

 

(d)                                  if prohibited by applicable law.

 

5.7                                  Determination; Claim If a claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Article V is not paid in full within 60 days after a written claim therefor has been received by the Corporation, the claimant may file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim.  In any such suit, the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that the claimant was not entitled to the requested indemnification or advancement of expenses under applicable law.

 

5.8                                  Non-Exclusivity of Rights The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article V shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under

 

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the Certificate of Incorporation or any statute, bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.  The Corporation is specifically authorized to enter into individual contracts with any or all of its directors, officers, employees or agents respecting indemnification and advancement of expenses, to the fullest extent not prohibited by the DGCL or other applicable law.

 

5.9                                  Insurance The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of the DGCL.

 

5.10                            Survival The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses conferred by this Article V shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

 

5.11                            Effect of Repeal or Modification Any repeal or modification of this Article V shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification.

 

5.12                            Certain Definitions For purposes of this Article V , references to the “ Corporation ” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article V with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as such person would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.  For purposes of this Article V , references to “ other enterprises ” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “ fines ” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to “ serving at the request of the Corporation ” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “ not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation ” as referred to in this Article V .

 

ARTICLE VI — STOCK

 

6.1                                  Stock Certificates; Partly Paid Shares The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or

 

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resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares.  Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation.  Every holder of stock represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the President or a Vice-President, and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation representing the number of shares registered in certificate form.  Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile.  In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate has ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.  The Corporation shall not have power to issue a certificate in bearer form.

 

The Corporation may issue the whole or any part of its shares as partly paid and subject to call for the remainder of the consideration to be paid therefor.  Upon the face or back of each stock certificate issued to represent any such partly paid shares, or upon the books and records of the Corporation in the case of uncertificated partly paid shares, the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon shall be stated.  Upon the declaration of any dividend on fully paid shares, the Corporation shall declare a dividend upon partly paid shares of the same class, but only upon the basis of the percentage of the consideration actually paid thereon.

 

6.2                                  Special Designation on Certificates If the Corporation is authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, then the powers, the designations, the preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate that the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock; provided that, except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the DGCL, in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate that the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, the designations, the preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.

 

6.3                                  Lost Certificates Except as provided in this Section 6.3 , no new certificates for shares shall be issued to replace a previously issued certificate unless the latter is surrendered to the Corporation and cancelled at the same time.  The Corporation may issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, and the Corporation may require the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or such owner’s legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares.

 

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6.4                                  Dividends The Board of Directors, subject to any restrictions contained in the Certificate of Incorporation or applicable law, may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of the Corporation’s capital stock.  Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the Corporation’s capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation.

 

The Board of Directors may set apart out of any of the funds of the Corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose and may abolish any such reserve.

 

6.5                                  Stock Transfer Agreements The Corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock of the Corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the Corporation of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not prohibited by the DGCL.

 

6.6                                  Registered Stockholders .  The Corporation:

 

(a)                                   shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and to vote as such owner;

 

(b)                                  shall be entitled to hold liable for calls and assessments the person registered on its books as the owner of shares; and

 

(c)                                   shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of another person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.

 

6.7                                  Transfers Transfers of record of shares of stock of the Corporation shall be made only upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by an attorney duly authorized, and upon the surrender of a certificate or certificates for a like number of shares, properly endorsed.

 

ARTICLE VII — MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE AND WAIVER

 

7.1                                  Notice of Stockholder Meetings Notice of any meeting of stockholders, if mailed, is given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such stockholder’s address as it appears on the Corporation’s records.  An affidavit of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation or of the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.

 

7.2                                  Notice by Electronic Transmission Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders pursuant to the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given.  Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the Corporation.  Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if:

 

18



 

(a)                                   the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with such consent; and

 

(b)                                  such inability becomes known to the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation or to the transfer agent, or other person responsible for the giving of notice.

 

However, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action.

 

Any notice given pursuant to the preceding paragraph shall be deemed given:

 

if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice;

 

(c)                                   if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice;

 

(d)                                  if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (A) such posting and (B) the giving of such separate notice; and

 

(e)                                   if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder.

 

An affidavit of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.

 

An “ electronic transmission ” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved, and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.

 

Notice by a form of electronic transmission shall not apply to Sections 164, 296, 311, 312 or 324 of the DGCL.

 

7.3                                  Notice to Stockholders Sharing an Address Except as otherwise prohibited under the DGCL, without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under the provisions of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a single written notice to stockholders who share an address if consented to by the stockholders at that address to whom such notice is given.  Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the Corporation.  Any stockholder who fails to object in writing to the Corporation, within 60 days of having been given written notice by the Corporation of its intention to send the single notice, shall be deemed to have consented to receiving such single written notice.

 

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7.4                                  Notice to Person with Whom Communication is Unlawful Whenever notice is required to be given, under the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or agency for a license or permit to give such notice to such person.  Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given.  In the event that the action taken by the Corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate under the DGCL, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that notice was given to all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom communication is unlawful.

 

7.5                                  Waiver of Notice Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a written waiver, signed by the person entitled to notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time of the event for which notice is to be given, shall be deemed equivalent to notice.  Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.  Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice or any waiver by electronic transmission unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.

 

ARTICLE VIII — GENERAL MATTERS

 

8.1                                  Fiscal Year The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors and may be changed by the Board of Directors.

 

8.2                                  Seal The Corporation may adopt a corporate seal, which shall be in such form as may be approved from time to time by the Board of Directors.  The Corporation may use the corporate seal by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.

 

8.3                                  Annual Report The Corporation shall cause an annual report to be sent to the stockholders of the Corporation to the extent required by applicable law.  If and so long as there are fewer than 100 holders of record of the Corporation’s shares, the requirement of sending an annual report to the stockholders of the Corporation is expressly waived (to the extent permitted under applicable law).

 

8.4                                  Construction; Definitions Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of construction, and definitions in the DGCL shall govern the construction of these Bylaws.  Without limiting the generality of this provision, the singular number includes the plural, the plural number includes the singular, and the term “ person ” includes both a corporation and a natural person.

 

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ARTICLE IX — AMENDMENTS

 

In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation.  The affirmative vote of at least a majority of the Board of Directors then in office shall be required in order for the Board of Directors to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Corporation’s Bylaws.  Notwithstanding any other provision of these Bylaws or any provision of law that might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in addition to any affirmative vote of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock required by law, by these Bylaws or by any resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of such class or series of stock adopted by the Board of Directors, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the total voting power of the Voting Stock, voting together as a single class, shall be required for the stockholders of the Corporation to alter, amend or repeal any provision of the Bylaws, or to adopt any new Bylaw; provided, however, that the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2 / 3 % of the total voting power of the Voting Stock, voting together as a single class, shall be required for the stockholders of the Corporation to alter, amend or repeal, or adopt any Bylaw inconsistent with, the following provisions of the Bylaws: Article I ; Sections 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.4 and 2.12 of Article II ; Article V ; and Article IX , or in each case, any successor provision (including, without limitation, any such article or section as renumbered as a result of any amendment, alteration, change, repeal or adoption of any other Bylaw).  No Bylaw hereafter legally altered, amended or repealed shall invalidate any prior act of the directors or officers of the Corporation that would have been valid if such Bylaw had not been altered, amended or repealed.

 

[End of Bylaws]

 

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Exhibit 4.1

 

NUMBER

 

SHARES

RST

 

 

 

 

COMMON STOCK

ROSETTA STONE INC.

SEE REVERSE FOR CERTAIN DEFINITIONS

 

 

CUSIP 777780 10 7

 

INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

 

THIS CERTIFIES THAT:

 

 

 

 

is the owner of

 

FULLY PAID AND NONASSESSABLE SHARES OF THE COMMON STOCK, $.00005 PAR VALUE PER SHARE, OF

 

ROSETTA STONE INC.

 

transferable on the books of the Corporation in person or by duly authorized attorney upon surrender of this Certificate properly endorsed. This Certificate is not valid until countersigned by the Transfer Agent and registered by the Registrar.

Witness the facsimile seal of the Corporation and the facsimile signatures of its duly authorized officers.

 

Dated:

 

SECRETARY

 

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRESIDENT

 

COUNTERSIGNED AND REGISTERED:

CONTINENTAL STOCK TRANSFER & TRUST COMPANY

(New York, NY)

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR

BY:

 

AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE

 


 

The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription on the face of this certificate, shall be construed as though they were written out in full according to applicable laws or regulations:

 

TEN COM

– as tenants in common

UNIF GIFT MIN ACT–                      Custodian

TEN ENT

– as tenants by the entireties

(Cust)

(Minor)

JT TEN

– as joint tenants with right

under Uniform Gifts to Minors

 

 

of survivorship and not as

Act                       

 

 

tenants in common

(State)

 

Additional abbreviations may also be used though not in the above list.

 

For value received,                                                                                   hereby sell, assign and transfer unto

 

PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY OR OTHER
IDENTIFYING NUMBER OF ASSIGNEE

 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

PLEASE PRINT OR TYPEWRITE NAME AND ADDRESS INCLUDING POSTAL ZIP CODE OF ASSIGNEE

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                  Shares of the common stock represented by the within Certificate, and do hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

 

Attorney to transfer the said stock on the books of the within-named Corporation with full power of substitution in the premises.

 

Dated,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SIGNATURE(S) GUARANTEED:

NOTICE:

THE SIGNATURE TO THIS ASSIGNMENT MUST CORRESPOND WITH THE NAME AS WRITTEN UPON THE FACE OF THE CERTIFICATE, IN EVERY PARTICULAR, WITHOUT ALTERATION OR ENLARGEMENT, OR ANY CHANGE WHATEVER.

 

 

 

 

THE SIGNATURE(S) MUST BE GUARANTEED BY AN ELIGIBLE GUARANTOR INSTITUTION (BANKS, STOCKBROKERS, SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS AND CREDIT UNIONS WITH MEMBERSHIP IN AN APPROVED SIGNATURE GUARANTEE MEDALLION PROGRAM), PURSUANT TO S.E.C. RULE 17Ad-15.

 

 




Exhibit 10.8

 

EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

 

THIS EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this Agreement” ) is made as of February 20, 2009, between Rosetta Stone Ltd., a Delaware corporation (together with its successors and assigns, the Company” ), and Tom Adams ( “Executive” ).

 

Recitals

 

A.                                    The Company and Executive desire to enter into an agreement pursuant to which the Company will employ Executive as its President and Chief Executive Officer subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

Agreement

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and promises contained herein, the parties agree as follows:

 

1.                                       Employment .

 

The Company hereby engages Executive to serve as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Executive agrees to serve the Company, during the Service Term (as defined in Section 4 below) in the capacities, and subject to the terms and conditions, set forth in this Agreement.

 

2.                                       Duties.

 

During the Service Term, Executive, as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, shall have all the duties and responsibilities customarily rendered by chief executive officers of companies of similar size and nature and such other duties and responsibilities as may be delegated from time to time by the Board in its sole discretion.  Executive will report to the Board.

 

Executive will devote his best efforts and substantially all of his business time and attention (except for vacation periods and periods of illness or other incapacity) to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries. With the consent of the Board, Executive will be permitted to serve on the boards of other companies so long as such service does not unreasonably interfere with his duties to the Company.

 

3.                                       Salary, Bonus and Benefits.

 

The Board shall make all decisions related to Executive’s base salary and the payment of bonuses, if any.  Executive’s Annual Base Salary and other compensation will be reviewed by the Board at least annually.

 

(a)                                   Base Salary.   During the Service Term, the Company will pay Executive a base salary (the “Annual Base Salary” ) as the Board may designate from time to time. The initial Annual Base Salary shall be at the rate of $350,000 per annum in accordance with the

 



 

Company’s customary payroll practices (minus all applicable withholdings).  Executive’s Annual Base Salary for any partial year will be prorated based upon the number of days elapsed in such year.  The Annual Base Salary may be increased (but not decreased) from time to time during the Service Term by the Board based upon the Company’s and Executive’s performance.

 

(b)                                   Bonus Plan; Equity Awards Executive shall be eligible to receive an annual bonus in accordance with Company bonus policy to be established by the Board of Directors from time to time (the Annual Bonus” ) The Annual Bonus, if any, will be determined by the Board based upon the Company’s annual achievement of financial performance goals and other annual objectives as determined by the Board in good faith for each fiscal year of the Company.  For 2009, Executive will be eligible to receive an Annual Bonus of up to sixty percent (60%) of his 2009 Annual Base Salary upon 100% achievement of 2009 annual objectives.  For subsequent years, the Annual Bonus target as a percentage of then-current Annual Base Salary, may be adjusted, but may not be less than 60% of the Executive’s then-current Annual Base Salary.

 

(c)                                   Benefits.

 

(i)                                     Executive and, to the extent eligible, his dependents, shall be entitled to participate in and receive all benefits under any welfare or pension benefit plans and programs made available to the Company’s senior level executives or to its employees generally (including, without limitation, medical, disability and life insurance programs, accidental death and dismemberment protection, leave and participation in retirement plans and deferred compensation plans), subject, however, to the generally applicable eligibility and other provisions of the various plans and programs and laws and regulations in effect from time to time.

 

(ii)                                 The Company shall reimburse Executive for all reasonable, ordinary and necessary business, travel or entertainment expenses incurred during the Service Term in the performance of his services hereunder in accordance with the policies of the Company as they are from time to time in effect. Executive, as a condition precedent to obtaining such payment or reimbursement, shall provide to the Company any and all statements, bills or receipts evidencing the travel or out-of-pocket expenses for which Executive seeks payment or reimbursement, and any other information or materials, which the Company may from time to time reasonably require.  The Company shall pay Executive the amount of such an expense by the last day of Executive’s taxable year following the taxable year in which Executive incurred such expense.  The expenses that are subject to reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  shall not be limited as a result of when the expenses are incurred.  The amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  during a given taxable year of Executive shall not affect the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement in any other taxable year of Executive.  The right to reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.

 

(iii)                             Executive shall be entitled to paid vacation of up to 27 days per annum which shall accrue pro rata during the

 



 

applicable year and shall be entitled to medical, disability, family and other leave in accordance with Company policies as in effect from time to time for senior executives.

 

(iv)                                Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained above, the Company shall be entitled to terminate or reduce any employee benefit enjoyed by Executive pursuant to the provisions of this Section 3(c) , but only if such reduction is part of an across-the-board reduction applicable to all executives of the Company who are entitled to such benefit.

 

4.                                       Employment Term.

 

Unless Executive’s employment under this Agreement is sooner terminated as a result of Executive’s resignation or termination in accordance with the provisions of Section 5 below, Executive’s term of employment (“ Service Term” ) under this Agreement shall commence on the date hereof and shall continue for a period of one year, and at the end of each day it shall renew and extend automatically for an additional day so that the remaining Service Term is always one year; provided , however , that either party may terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 5 below for any reason, with or without Cause or with or without Good Reason, as the case may be, at any time upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to the other party of its decision to terminate (except in the event of termination for Cause, whereupon Executive’s termination shall be effective immediately upon written notice thereof except for any required grace periods for “Cause” as otherwise set forth below).

 

5.                                       Termination.

 

Executive’s employment with the Company shall cease upon the first of the following events to occur:

 

(a)                                   Executive’s death.

 

(b)                                   Executive’s voluntary retirement at age 65 or older.

 

(c)                                   Executive’s disability, which means his incapacity due to physical or mental illness such that he is unable to perform the essential functions of his previously assigned duties where (1) such incapacity has been determined to exist by either (x) the Company’s disability insurance carrier or (y) by the concurring opinions of two licensed physicians (one selected by the Company and one by Executive), and (2) the Board has determined, based on competent medical advice, that such incapacity will likely last for a continuous period of at six (6) months.  Any such termination for disability shall be only as expressly permitted by the Americans with Disabilities Act.

 

(d)                                   Termination by the Company by the delivery to Executive of a written notice from the Board that Executive has been terminated (“Notice of Termination”) with or without Cause.  “Cause” shall mean termination for any of the following:

 

(i)                                     Executive’s (A) commission of a felony or a crime involving moral turpitude or the commission of any other act or omission involving dishonesty in

 



 

the performance of his duties to the Company or fraud; (B) substantial and repeated failure to perform duties of the office held by Executive as reasonably directed by the Board; (C) gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (D) material breach of this Agreement not cured within ten (10) days after receipt of written notice thereof from the Company; (E) failure, within ten (10) days after receipt by Executive of written notice thereof from the Company, to correct, cease or otherwise alter any failure to comply with instructions or other action or omission which the Board reasonably believes does or may materially or adversely affect its business or operations; (F) misconduct which is of such a serious or substantial nature that a reasonable likelihood exists that such misconduct will materially injure the reputation of the Company or its Subsidiaries if Executive were to remain employed by the Company; (G) harassing or discriminating against the Company’s employees, customers or vendors in violation of the Company’s policies with respect to such matters; (H) misappropriation of funds or assets of the Company for personal use or willful violation of Company policies or standards of business conduct as determined in good faith by the Board; and/or (I) failure due to some action or inaction on the part of Executive to have immigration status that permits Executive to maintain full-time employment with the Company in the United States in compliance with all applicable immigration laws.

 

(e)                                   Executive’s voluntary resignation by the delivery to the Board of a written notice from Executive that Executive has resigned with or without Good Reason. Good Reason” shall mean Executive’s resignation from employment with the Company within thirty (30) days after (i) a material diminution in Executive’s annual salary, duties, authority or responsibilities from the annual salary, duties, authority or responsibilities as in effect at the commencement of the Service Term, (ii) the Company’s failure to perform any material obligation undertaken by the Company to Executive hereunder after Executive has provided the Company with written notice of such failure and such failure has not thereafter been cured within ten (10) days of the delivery of such written notice or (iii) notice by the Company to Executive that his primary place of employment is to be relocated to a geographic area more than 50 miles from Arlington, Virginia without Executive’s consent.

 

6.                                       Rights on Termination.

 

(a)                                   If during the Service Term Executive’s employment is terminated under Section 5 above (x) by the Company without Cause or (y) by Executive with Good Reason, then:

 

(i)                                     The Company shall pay to Executive, at the times specified in Section 6(a)(vii)  below, the following amounts (the “Severance Payments” ):

 

(1)                                   the Accrued Obligation;

 

(2)                                   Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the effective date of the termination of Executive’s employment (the Termination Date” ) for periods following his Separation From Service, to the extent not theretofore paid;

 



 

(3)                                   a lump sum in cash equal to the product of (x) 1/12 of the amount of the Annual Base Salary in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date and (y) 15; and

 

(4)                                   a lump sum in cash equal to the product of (x) the monthly basic life insurance premium applicable to Executive’s basic life insurance coverage immediately prior to the Termination Date and (y) 15.  Executive may, at his option, convert his basic life insurance coverage to an individual policy after the Termination Date by completing the forms required by the Company for this purpose.

 

(ii)                                 The Company will pay, when due and payable under the Annual Bonus plan, the pro rata portion, if any, of Executive’s Annual Bonus earned up until such Termination Date.

 

(iii)                             Subject to clause (iv), for 15 months following the Termination Date the Company shall arrange to provide Executive and his dependents medical insurance benefits substantially similar to those provided to Executive and his dependents immediately prior to the Termination Date (at no greater cost to Executive than such cost to Executive in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date, or, if greater, the cost to similarly situated active employees of the Company under the applicable group health plan of the Company).  Except for any reimbursements under the applicable group health plan that are subject to a limitation on reimbursements during a specified period, the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement under this Section 6(a)(iii) , or in-kind benefits provided, during Executive’s taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits to be provided, in any other taxable year of Executive.  Executive’s right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits pursuant to this Section 6(a)(iii)  shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.  To the extent that the payments or reimbursements made pursuant to this Section 6(a)(iii)  are taxable to Executive and are not otherwise exempt from Section 409A, if Executive is a Specified Employee, any amounts to which Executive would otherwise be entitled under this Section 6(a)(iii)  during the first six months following the date of Executive’s Separation From Service shall be accumulated and paid to Executive on the date that is six months following the date of his Separation From Service.

 

(iv)                                Subject to Executive’s group health plan coverage continuation rights under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended, the benefits listed in clause (iii)  of this Section 6(a)  shall be reduced to the extent benefits of the same type are received by or made available to Executive during such period, and provided, further, that Executive shall have the obligation to notify the Company that he is entitled to or receiving such benefits.

 

(v)                                    Payments and benefits provided to Executive under this Section 6 (other than Accrued Obligations) are contingent upon Executive’s execution of a release substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto.

 

(vi)                                Executive shall not be permitted to specify the taxable year in which a payment described in this Section 6 shall be made to him.

 



 

(vii)                            The Company shall pay Executive the amounts specified in Section 6(a)(i)(1)  within thirty (30) days after the Termination Date.  The Company shall pay to Executive the amounts specified in Sections 6(a)(i)(2), (3) and (4)  on the date that is six months following the date of Executive’s Separation From Service.  Further, the Company shall pay to Executive, on the date that is six months following Executive’s Separation From Service, an additional interest amount equal to the amount of interest that would be earned on the amounts specified in Sections 6(a)(i)(2), (3) and (4)  and, to the extent subject to a mandatory six-month delay in payment, the amounts specified in Section 6(a)(iii) , for the period commencing on the date of Executive’s Separation From Service until the date of payment of such amounts, calculated using an interest rate equal to the six month U.S. Treasury Rate in effect on the date of Executive’s Separation From Service.

 

(b)                                   If the Company terminates Executive’s employment for Cause, if Executive dies or is disabled (as defined in Section 5(c)  above), or if Executive resigns without Good Reason, the Company’s obligations to pay any compensation or benefits under this Agreement will cease effective as of the Termination Date and the Company shall pay to Executive the Accrued Obligation within thirty (30) days following the Termination Date.  The Company shall pay to Executive his Annual Base Salary for periods following his Separation From Service, to the extent not theretofore paid, within thirty (30) days following his Separation From Service if he is not a Specified Employee or on the date that is six months following his Separation From Service if he is a Specified Employee.  Following such payments, the Company shall have no further obligations to Executive other than as may be required by law or the terms of an employee benefit plan of the Company.

 

(c)                                   Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company’s obligation to Executive for Severance Payments or other rights under either Sections 6(a)  or (b)  above shall cease if Executive is in violation of the provisions of Sections 8 or 9 below.

 

(d)                                   If the Executive retires at age 65 or older the Company shall pay the Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the retirement date and shall also pay when due and payable under the Annual Bonus plan the pro rata portion of any Annual Bonus that may have been earned by the Executive through the retirement date.  No other amounts will be payable by the Company.

 

7.                                       Representations of Executive.

 

Executive hereby represents and warrants to the Company that the statements contained in this Section 7 are true and accurate as of the date of this Agreement.

 

(a)                                   Legal Proceedings .   Executive has not been (i) the subject of any criminal proceeding (other than a traffic violation or other minor offense) which has resulted in a conviction against Executive, nor is Executive the subject of any pending criminal proceeding (other than a traffic violation or other minor offense), (ii) indicted for, or charged in a court of competent jurisdiction with, any felony or crime of moral turpitude, (iii) the defendant in any civil complaint alleging damages in excess of $50,000, or (iv) the defendant in any civil complaint alleging sexual harassment, unfair labor practices or discrimination in the work place.

 



 

(b)                                   Securities Law .   Executive has not been found in a civil action by the Securities and Exchange Commission, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, a state securities authority or any other regulatory agency to have violated any federal, state or other securities or commodities law.

 

(c)                                   Work History; Immigration Status .   Executive’s resume, previously provided by Executive to the Company, is complete and correct in all material respects, and accurately reflects Executive’s prior work history. Executive has the full legal right to be employed on a full-time basis by the Company in the United States under all applicable immigration laws on the basis of the Company’s continued willingness to employ him on a full-time basis, and has provided the Company with evidence of legal immigration status and will do so at any time upon request. The Company will, if applicable, continue to cooperate with Executive in maintaining Executive’s work visa status and/or any mutually agreeable adjustment of status.

 

(d)                                   Employment Restrictions Executive is not currently a party to any non competition, non-solicitation, confidentiality or other work-related agreement that limits or restricts Executive’s ability to work in any particular field or in any particular geographic region, whether or not such agreement would be violated by this Agreement.

 

8.                                       Confidential Information; Proprietary Information, etc.

 

(a)                                   Obligation to Maintain Confidentiality Executive acknowledges that any Proprietary Information disclosed or made available to Executive or obtained, observed or known by Executive as a direct or indirect consequence of his employment with or performance of services for the Company or any of its Subsidiaries during the course of his performance of services for, or employment with, any of the foregoing Persons (whether or not compensated for such services) and during the period in which Executive is receiving Severance Payments, are the property of the Company and its Subsidiaries. Therefore, Executive agrees that, other than in the course of performance of his duties as an employee of the Company, he will not at any time (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment) disclose or permit to be disclosed to any Person or, directly or indirectly, utilize for his own account or permit to be utilized by any Person any Proprietary Information or records pertaining to the Company, its Subsidiaries and their respective business for any reason whatsoever without the Board’s consent, unless and to the extent that (except as otherwise provided in the definition of Proprietary Information) the aforementioned matters become generally known to and available for use by the public other than as a direct or indirect result of Executive’s acts or omissions to act. Executive agrees to deliver to the Company at the termination of his employment, as a condition to receipt of the next or final payment of compensation, or at any other time the Company may request in writing (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment), all records pertaining to the Company, its Subsidiaries and their respective business which he may then possess or have under his control. Executive further agrees that any property situated on the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ premises and owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries, including disks and other storage media, filing cabinets or other work areas, is subject to inspection by Company or its Subsidiaries and their personnel at any time with or without notice. Nothing in this Section 8(a)  shall be construed to prevent Executive from using his general knowledge and experience in future employment so long as Executive complies with this Section 8(a)  and the other restrictions contained in this Agreement.

 



 

(b)                                   Ownership of Property Executive acknowledges that all inventions, innovations, improvements, developments, methods, processes, programs, designs, analyses, drawings, reports and all similar or related information (whether or not patentable) that relate to the Company’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ actual or anticipated business, research and development, or existing or future products or services and that are conceived, developed, contributed to, made, or reduced to practice by Executive (either solely or jointly with others) while employed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (including any of the foregoing that constitutes any Proprietary Information or records) ( “Work Product” ) belong to the Company or such Subsidiary and Executive hereby assigns, and agrees to assign, all of the above Work Product to the Company or such Subsidiary. Any copyrightable work prepared in whole or in part by Executive in the course of his work for any of the foregoing entities shall be deemed a “work made for hire” under the copyright laws, and the Company or such Subsidiary shall own all rights therein. To the extent that any such copyrightable work is not a “work made for hire,” Executive hereby assigns and agrees to assign to Company or such Subsidiary all right, title and interest, including without limitation, copyright in and to such copyrightable work. Executive shall promptly disclose such Work Product and copyrightable work to the Board and perform all actions reasonably requested by the Board (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment) to establish and confirm the Company’s or its Subsidiary’s ownership (including, without limitation, execution of assignments, consents, powers of attorney and other instruments). Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 8(b)  to the contrary, the Company’s ownership of Work Product does not apply to any invention that Executive develops entirely on his own time without using the equipment, supplies or facilities of the Company or Subsidiaries or any Proprietary Information (including trade secrets), except that the Company’s ownership of Work Product does include those inventions that: (i) relate to the business of the Company or its Subsidiaries or to the actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development relating to the Company’s business; or (ii) result from any work that Executive performs for the Company or its Subsidiaries.

 

(c)                                   Third Party Information Executive understands that the Company and its Subsidiaries will receive from third parties confidential or proprietary information ( “Third Party Information” ) subject to a duty on the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ part to maintain the confidentiality of such information and to use it only for certain limited purposes. During the term of Executive’s employment and thereafter, and without in any way limiting the provisions of Sections 8(a)  and 8 (b)  above, Executive shall hold Third Party Information in the strictest confidence and shall not disclose to anyone (other than personnel of the Company or its Subsidiaries who need to know such information in connection with their work for the Company or its Subsidiaries) or use, except in connection with his work for the Company or its Subsidiaries, Third Party Information unless expressly authorized by a member of the Board in writing.

 

(d)                                   Use of Information of Prior Employers, etc Executive will abide by any enforceable obligations contained in any agreements that Executive has entered into with his prior employers or other parties to whom Executive has an obligation of confidentiality.

 

(e)                                   Compelled Disclosure If Executive is required by law or governmental regulation or by subpoena or other valid legal process to disclose any Proprietary Information or Third Party Information to any Person, Executive will immediately provide the Company with

 



 

written notice of the applicable law, regulation or process so that the Company may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy.  Executive will cooperate fully with the Company and the Company’s Representatives in any attempt by the Company to obtain any such protective order or other remedy. If the Company elects not to seek, or is unsuccessful in obtaining, any such protective order or other remedy in connection with any requirement that Executive disclose Proprietary Information or Third Party Information then Executive may disclose such Proprietary Information or Third Party Information to the extent legally required; provided, however, that Executive will use his reasonable best efforts to ensure that such Proprietary Information is treated confidentially by each Person to whom it is disclosed.

 

9.                                       Noncompetition and Nonsolicitation.

 

(a)                                   Noncompetition . As long as Executive is an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, and for a period ending fifteen (15) months following the Termination Date of Executive’s employment (the Restrictive Covenant Period” ), Executive shall not, directly or indirectly own, manage, control, participate in, consult with, render services for, or in any manner engage in any business competing with the business of producing and selling software used for learning foreign languages, including English as a foreign language or any other businesses then carried on by the Company or its Subsidiaries (the Business” ) in any geographic area in which: (i) Executive acted as an employee of the Company or its Subsidiaries and had contact with the customers of the Company or its Subsidiaries during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date, and (ii) the Company or its Subsidiaries is conducting business or has conducted business during the Restrictive Covenant Period.

 

(b)                                   Nonsolicitation As long as Executive is an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, and during the Restrictive Covenant Period thereafter, Executive shall not directly or indirectly through another entity:  (i) induce or attempt to induce any employee of the Company or any Subsidiary to leave the employ of the Company or such Subsidiary, or in any way interfere with the relationship between the Company or any Subsidiary and any employee thereof; (ii) hire or employ any person who was an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date; (iii) induce or attempt to induce any customer, supplier, licensee or other business relation of the Company or any Subsidiary to cease doing business with the Company or such Subsidiary, or in any way interfere with the relationship between any such customer, supplier, licensee or business relation and the Company or any Subsidiary; (iv) solicit or provide services related to the Business to any Person who was a customer or client of the Company or any Subsidiary at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date; or (v) solicit or provide services related to the Business to any Prospective Customer. For purposes hereof, a Prospective Customer” means any Person whom the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has entertained discussions with to become a client or customer at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date and who has not explicitly rejected a business relationship with the Company.

 

(c)                                   Acknowledgment Executive acknowledges that in the course of his employment with the Company and its Subsidiaries, he has and will become familiar with the trade secrets and other Proprietary Information of the Company and its Subsidiaries. Executive further acknowledges that as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, Executive has and

 



 

will have direct or indirect responsibility, oversight or duties with respect to all of the businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries and its and their current and prospective employees, vendors, customers, clients and other business relations, and that, accordingly, the geographical restriction contained in this Section 9 is reasonable in all respects and necessary to protect the goodwill and Proprietary Information of the Company and that without such protection the Company’s customer and client relations and competitive advantage would be materially adversely affected.  It is specifically recognized by Executive that his services to the Company and its Subsidiaries are special, unique and of extraordinary value, that the Company has a protectable interest in prohibiting Executive as provided in this Section 9 , that Executive is directly responsible for the growth and development of the Company and the creation and preservation of the Company’s goodwill, that money damages are insufficient to protect such interests, that there is adequate consideration being provided to Executive hereunder, that such prohibitions are necessary and appropriate without regard to payments being made to Executive hereunder and that the Company would not enter this Agreement with Executive without the restriction of this Section 9 .  Executive further acknowledges that the restrictions contained in this Section 9 do not impose an undue hardship on him and, since he has general business skills that may be used in industries other than that in which the Company and its Subsidiaries conduct their business, do not deprive Executive of his livelihood. Executive further acknowledges that the provisions of this Section 9 are separate and independent of the other sections of this Agreement.

 

(d)                                   Enforcement, etc If, at the time of enforcement of Section 8 or 9 of this Agreement, a court holds that the restrictions stated herein are unreasonable under circumstances then existing, the parties hereto agree that the maximum duration, scope or geographical area reasonable under such circumstances as determined by the court shall be substituted for the stated period, scope or area.  Because Executive’s services are unique, because Executive has access to Proprietary Information and for the other reasons set forth herein, the parties hereto agree that money damages would be an inadequate remedy for any breach of this Agreement. Therefore, without limiting the generality of Section 12(f), in the event of a breach or threatened breach of this Agreement, the Company or its successors or assigns may, in addition to other rights and remedies existing in their favor, apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for specific performance and/or injunctive or other relief in order to enforce, or prevent any violations of, the provisions hereof (without posting a bond or other security).

 

(e)                                   Submission to Jurisdiction The parties hereby: (i) submit to the jurisdiction of any state or federal court sitting in the Commonwealth of Virginia in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to Section 8 and/or 9 of this Agreement; (ii) agree that all claims in respect of such action or proceeding may be heard or determined in any such court; and (iii) agree not to bring any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to Section 8 and/or 9 of this Agreement in any other court. The parties hereby waive any defense of inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any action or proceeding so brought. The parties hereby agree that a final judgment in any action or proceeding so brought shall be conclusive and may be enforced by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.

 


 

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

10.                                Definitions.

 

Accrued Obligation means the sum of (a) Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the Termination Date for periods through but not following his Separation From Service and (b) any accrued vacation pay earned by Executive, in each case, to the extent not theretofore paid.

 

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any particular Person, any other Person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such particular Person. A Subsidiary of the Company shall be an Affiliate of the Company.

 

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any committee of the Board, such as the Compensation Committee, to which the Board has delegated applicable authority.

 

Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

“Person” means any individual or corporation, association, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, joint stock or other company, business trust, trust, organization, university, college, governmental authority or other entity of any kind.

 

“Proprietary Information” means any and all data and information concerning the business affairs of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and not generally known in the industry in which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become engaged, and any other information concerning any matters affecting or relating to the Company’s or its Subsidiaries businesses, but in any event Proprietary Information shall include, any of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ past, present or prospective business opportunities, including information concerning acquisition opportunities in or reasonably related to the Company’s or its Subsidiaries businesses or industries, customers, customer lists, clients, client lists, the prices the Company and its Subsidiaries obtain or have obtained from the sale of, or at which they sell or have sold, their products, unit volume of sales to past or present customers and clients, or any other information concerning the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, their manner of operation, their plans, processes, figures, sales figures, projections, estimates, tax records, personnel history, accounting procedures, promotions, supply sources, contracts, know-how, trade secrets, information relating to research, development, inventions, technology, manufacture, purchasing, engineering, marketing, merchandising or selling, or other data without regard to whether all of the foregoing matters will be deemed confidential, material or important. Proprietary Information does not include any information that Executive has obtained from a Person other than an employee of the Company or a Subsidiary, which was disclosed to him without a breach of a duty of confidentiality.

 

Section 409A ” means s ection 409A of the Code and the final Department of Treasury regulations issued thereunder.

 

Separation From Service shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 409A.

 



 

Specified Employee means a person who is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A, taking into account the elections made and procedures established in resolutions adopted by the Board.

 

“Subsidiary” means any company of which the Company owns securities having a majority of the ordinary voting power in electing the board of directors directly or through one or more subsidiaries.

 

11.                                Notices.

 

Any notice provided for in this Agreement must be in writing and must be mailed, personally delivered or sent by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid) to the recipient at the address below indicated:

 

If to the Company :

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.
1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

Attention:  Chair of the Board of Directors

 

With a copy to

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.
1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

Attention:  General Counsel

 

If to Executive :

 

Tom Adams
c/o Rosetta Stone Ltd.

1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

 

or such other address or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party shall have specified by prior written notice to the sending party. Any notice under this Agreement will be deemed to have been given when delivered or, if mailed, five (5) business days after deposit in the U.S. mail.

 

12.                                Miscellaneous.

 

(a)                                   Severability Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement will be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision

 



 

of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law or rule in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other provision or any other jurisdiction, but this Agreement will be reformed, construed and enforced in such jurisdiction as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein.

 

(b)                                   Complete Agreement This Agreement, those documents expressly referred to herein and other documents of even date herewith embody the complete agreement and understanding among the parties and supersede and preempt any prior understandings, agreements or representations by or among the parties, written or oral, which may have related to the subject matter hereof in any way, including, without limitation, that certain Executive Employment Agreement between the Company and Executive dated as of May 22, 2006.

 

(c)                                   Counterparts; Facsimile Transmission This Agreement may be executed in separate counterparts, each of which is deemed to be an original and all of which taken together constitute one and the same agreement. Each party to this Agreement agrees that its own telecopied signature will bind it and that it accepts the telecopied signature of each other party to this Agreement.

 

(d)                                   Successors and Assigns .  Except as otherwise provided herein, this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by Executive, the Company and their respective successors and assigns; provided that the rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement shall not be assignable without the prior written consent of the other party, except for assignments by operation of law and assignments by the Company to any successor of the Company by merger, consolidation, combination or sale of assets. Any purported assignment in violation of these provisions shall be void ab initio.

 

(e)                                   Choice of Law; Jurisdiction All questions or disputes concerning this Agreement and the exhibits hereto will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the Commonwealth of Virginia or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The parties hereby: (i) submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any state or federal court sitting in the Commonwealth of Virginia in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement; and (ii) agree that all claims in respect of such action or proceeding may be heard or determined in any such court. Each party hereby waives any defense of inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any action or proceeding so brought. The parties hereby agree that a final judgment in any action or proceeding so brought shall be conclusive and may be enforced by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.

 

(f)                                     Remedies Each of the parties to this Agreement will be entitled to enforce its rights under this Agreement specifically, to recover damages and costs (including attorney’s fees) caused by any breach of any provision of this Agreement and to exercise all other rights existing in its favor. The parties hereto agree and acknowledge that money damages may not be an adequate remedy for any breach of the provisions of this Agreement and that any party may in its sole discretion apply to any court of law or equity of competent jurisdiction (without posting

 



 

any bond or deposit) for specific performance and/or other injunctive relief in order to enforce or prevent any violations of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

(g)                                  Amendment and Waiver The provisions of this Agreement may be amended or waived only with the prior written consent of the Company and Executive.

 

(h)                                  Business Days If any time period for giving notice or taking action hereunder expires on a day which is a Saturday, Sunday or holiday in the state in which the Company’s chief executive office is located, the time period shall be automatically extended to the business day immediately following, such Saturday, Sunday or holiday.  The provisions of this Section 12(h)  shall not apply to determine the date an amount is payable under Section 3(c)(ii)  or 6 .

 

(i)                                     Termination This Agreement (except for the provisions of Sections 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 12 and 13 ) shall survive the termination of Executive’s employment with the Company and shall remain in full force and effect after such termination.

 

(j)                                     No Waiver A waiver by any party hereto of any right or remedy hereunder on any one occasion shall not be construed as a bar to any right or remedy that such party would otherwise have on any future occasion. Neither failure to exercise nor any delay in exercising on the part of any party hereto, any right, power or privilege hereunder shall preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. The rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative and may be exercised singly or concurrently, and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law.

 

(k)                                 Insurance The Company, at its discretion, may apply for and procure in its own name for its own benefit life and/or disability insurance with respect to Executive in any amount or amounts considered available provided, however, that such procurement of insurance does not restrict the amount of insurance that Executive may obtain for his own personal use. Executive agrees to cooperate in any medical or other examination, supply any information, and to execute and deliver any applications or other instruments in writing as may be reasonably necessary to obtain and constitute such insurance. Executive hereby represents that he has no reason to believe that his life is not insurable at rates now prevailing for healthy men of his age.

 

(l)                                     Withholding of Taxes on Behalf of Executive The Company and its Subsidiaries shall be entitled to deduct or withhold from any amounts owing from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to Executive any federal, state, provincial, local or foreign withholding taxes, excise taxes, or employment taxes ( “Taxes” ) imposed with respect to Executive’s compensation or other payments from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or Executive’s ownership interest in the Company, including, but not limited to, wages, bonuses, dividends, the receipt or exercise of stock options and/or the receipt or vesting of restricted stock.

 

(m)                               Waiver of Jury Trial BOTH PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT AGREE THAT ANY ACTION, DEMAND, CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM RELATING TO THE TERMS AND PROVISIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT, OR TO ITS BREACH, MAY BE COMMENCED IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA IN A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION.  BOTH PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT FURTHER AGREE THAT ANY ACTION, DEMAND, CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM SHALL BE RESOLVED

 



 

BY A JUDGE ALONE, AND BOTH PARTIES HEREBY WAIVE AND FOREVER RENOUNCE THAT RIGHT TO A TRIAL BEFORE A CIVIL JURY.

 

13.                                Certain Additional Payments by the Company.

 

(a)                                   Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding and except as set forth below, in the event it shall be determined that any payment or distribution by, or benefit from, the Company or an Affiliate or any person who acquires ownership or effective control or ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets (within the meaning of section 280G of the Code) or by any Affiliate of such person, to or for the benefit of Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 13 ) (a “ Payment ”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by section 4999 of the Code or any interest or penalties are incurred by Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “ Excise Tax ”), then Executive shall be entitled to receive an additional payment (a “ Gross-Up Payment ”) in an amount such that after payment by Executive of all taxes (including any interest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes), including without limitation, any income taxes (and any interest and penalties imposed with respect thereto) and Excise Tax imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments.  Any Gross-Up Payment that the Company is required to make to reimburse Executive for federal, state and local taxes imposed upon Executive, including the amount of additional taxes imposed upon Executive due to the Company’s payment of the initial taxes on such amounts, shall be made by the Company by the end of Executive’s taxable year next following Executive’s taxable year in which Executive remits the related taxes to the taxing authority.

 

(b)                                   Subject to the provisions of Section 13(c) , all determinations required to be made under this Section 13 , including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determination, shall be made by a nationally recognized accounting firm that is (i) not serving as accountant or auditor for the person who acquires ownership or effective control or ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets (within the meaning of section 280G of the Code) or any Affiliate of such person and (ii) agreed upon by the Company and Executive (the “ Accounting Firm ”).  The Accounting Firm shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and Executive within 15 business days after appointment by the Company and Executive and receipt of notice from Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company.  All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company.  Any Gross-Up Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 13 , shall be paid by the Company to Executive within five days after the receipt of the Accounting Firm’s determination and in no event later than the payment deadline specified in Section 13(a) .  Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and Executive.  As a result of the uncertainty in the application of section 4999 of the Code at the time of the initial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments that will not have been made by the Company should have been made (“ Underpayment ”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder.  In the event that the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 13(c)  and Executive thereafter is

 



 

required to make a payment of any Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive.

 

(c)                                   Executive shall notify the Company in writing of any claim by the Internal Revenue Service, state or other taxing authority (“ Taxing Authority ”) that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment (or an additional Gross-Up Payment) in the event the Taxing Authority seeks higher payment.  Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable, but no later than ten business days after Executive is informed in writing of such claim, and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is requested to be paid.  Executive shall not pay such claim prior to the expiration of the 30-day period following the date on which he gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due).  If the Company notifies Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, Executive shall:

 

(i)                                     give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim,

 

(ii)                                 take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company,

 

(iii)                             cooperate with the Company in good faith in order to effectively contest such claim, and

 

(iv)                                permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred at any time during the period that ends ten years following the lifetime of Executive in connection with such proceedings and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax and income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses.  Without limitation on the foregoing provisions of this Section 13(c) , the Company shall control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the Taxing Authority in respect of such claim and may, at its sole option, either direct Executive to pay the tax claimed and sue for a refund or contest the claim in any permissible manner, and Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; provided, however, that if the Company directs Executive to pay such claim and sue for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to Executive, on an interest-free basis and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance; and further provided that any extension of the statute of limitations relating to payment of taxes for the taxable year of Executive with respect to which such

 



 

contested amount is claimed to be due is limited solely to such contested amount.  The Company shall not direct Executive to pay such a claim and sue for a refund if, due to the prohibitions of section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Company may not advance to Executive the amount necessary to pay such claim.  The Company’s control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which a Gross-Up Payment would be payable hereunder and Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issues raised by the Taxing Authority.  The costs and expenses that are subject to be paid pursuant to this Section 13(c)  shall not be limited as a result of when the costs or expenses are incurred.  The amounts of costs or expenses that are eligible for payment pursuant to this Section 13(c)(iv)  during a given taxable year of Executive shall not affect the amount of costs or expenses eligible for payment in any other taxable year of Executive.  The right to payment of costs and expenses pursuant to this Section 13(c)(iv)  is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.  Any payment due under this Section 13(c)(iv)  to reimburse Executive for any taxes shall be made to Executive by the Company by the end of Executive’s taxable year following Executive’s taxable year in which Executive remits the related taxes to the applicable taxing authorities.

 

(d)                                   If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 13(c) , Executive becomes entitled to receive any refund with respect to such claim, Executive shall (subject to the Company’s complying with the requirements of Section 13(c) ) promptly pay to the Company the amount of such refund (together with any interest paid or credited thereon after taxes applicable thereto.  If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 13(c) , a determination is made that Executive shall not be entitled to any refund with respect to such claim and the Company does not notify Executive in writing of its intent to contest such denial of refund prior to the expiration of 30 days after such determination, then such advance shall not be required to be repaid.

 

14.                                Indemnification.

 

During and following the employment period, the Company shall indemnify Executive and hold Executive harmless from and against any claim, loss or cause of action arising from or out of Executive’s performance as an officer, director or employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or in any other capacity, including any fiduciary capacity, in which Executive serves at the request of Company to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law and the Company’s By-Laws. Expenses incurred in defending or investigating a threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of Executive to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company. To the extent that the Company reduces the indemnity rights provided for under its By-Laws after execution of this Agreement, the Company’s indemnity obligations hereunder shall be unaffected (to the extent permitted by applicable law).

 

[Signature pages  follow]

 



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on the date first written above.

 

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

 

 

EXECUTIVE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tom Adams

 


 

EXHIBIT A

 

Form of Release

 



 

Legal Release

 

This Legal Release (“ Release ”) is between Rosetta Stone Ltd. (the “ Company ”) and Tom Adams (“ Executive ”) (each a “ Party ,” and together, the “ Parties ”). For purposes of this Agreement “Effective Date” shall mean the date on which Executive signs this Agreement.

 

Recitals

 

A.                                    Executive and the Company are parties to a Employment Agreement to which this Release is appended as Exhibit A (the “ Employment Agreement ”).

 

B.                                      Executive wishes to receive the Severance Benefit described Section 6(a) of the Employment Agreement.

 

C.                                      Executive and the Company wish to resolve, except as specifically set forth herein, all claims between them arising from or relating to any act or omission predating the Separation Date defined below.

 

Agreement

 

The Parties agree as follows:

 

1.                                        Confirmation of Severance Benefit Obligation . The Company shall pay or provide to Executive the entire Severance Benefit, as, when and on the terms and conditions specified in the Employment Agreement.

 

2.                                        Legal Releases

 

(a)                                   Executive, on behalf of Executive and Executive’s heirs, personal representatives and assigns, and any other person or entity that could or might act on behalf of Executive, including, without limitation, Executive’s counsel (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Executive Releasers”), hereby fully and forever releases and discharges the Company, its present and future affiliates and subsidiaries, and each of their past, present and future officers, directors, employees, shareholders, independent contractors, attorneys, insurers and any and all other persons or entities that are now or may become liable to any Releaser due to any Executive Releasee’s act or omission, (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Executive Releasees”) of and from any and all actions, causes of action, claims, demands, costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, of every kind and nature whatsoever, in law or in equity, whether now known or unknown, that Executive Releasers, or any person acting under any of them, may now have, or claim at any future time to have, based in whole or in part upon any act or omission occurring on or before the Effective Date, without regard to present actual knowledge of such acts or omissions, including specifically, but not by way of limitation, matters which may arise at common law, such as breach of contract, express or implied, promissory estoppel, wrongful discharge, tortious interference with contractual rights, infliction of emotional distress, defamation, or under federal, state or local laws, such as the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, the National Labor Relations Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Equal Pay Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave

 



 

Act, and any civil rights law of any state or other governmental body; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else contained in this Agreement, the release set forth in this Section shall not extend to: (i) any rights arising under this Agreement; (ii) any vested rights under any pension, retirement, profit sharing or similar plan; or (iii) Executive’s rights, if any, to indemnification, and/or defense under any Company certificate of incorporation, bylaw and/or policy or procedure, or under any insurance contract or any indemnification agreement with the Company, in connection with Executive’s acts an omissions within the course and scope of Executive’s employment with the Company.  Executive hereby warrants that Executive has not assigned or transferred to any person any portion of any claim which is released, waived and discharged above. Executive further states and agrees that Executive has not experienced any illness, injury, or disability that is compensable or recoverable under the worker’s compensation laws of any state that was not reported to the Company by Executive before the Effective Date, and Executive agrees not to not file a worker’s compensation claim asserting the existence of any such previously undisclosed illness, injury, or disability. Executive has specifically consulted with counsel with respect to the agreements, representations, and declarations set forth in the previous sentence. Executive understands and agrees that by signing this Agreement Executive is giving up any right to bring any legal claim against the Company concerning, directly or indirectly, Executive’s employment relationship with the Company, including Executive’s separation from employment.  Executive agrees that this legal release is intended to be interpreted in the broadest possible manner in favor of the Company, to include all actual or potential legal claims that Executive may have against the Company, except as specifically provided otherwise in this Agreement.

 

(b)                                  The Company, for itself, its affiliates, and any other person or entity that could or might act on behalf of it including, without limitation, its attorneys (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Company Releasers”), hereby fully and forever release and discharge Executive, Executive’s heirs, representatives, assigns, attorneys, and any and all other persons or entities that are now or may become liable to any Company Releaser on account of Executive’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Company Releasees”) of and from any and all actions, causes of action, claims, demands, costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, of every kind and nature whatsoever, in law or in equity, whether now known or unknown, that the Company Releasers, or any person acting under any of them, may now have, or claim at any future time to have, based in whole or in part upon any act or omission relating to Employee’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom, without regard to present actual knowledge of such acts or omissions; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else contained in this Agreement, the release set forth in this Section shall not extend to: (i) any rights arising under this Agreement; (ii) a breach of fiduciary duty or other misconduct that renders Executive ineligible for indemnification by the Company under applicable law, or any right of recovery by the Company for Executive’s breach of fiduciary duty or misconduct in his capacity as a director of the Company under applicable law; or (iii) any claim or claims that the Company may have against Executive as of the Effective Date of which the Company is not aware as of the Effective Date because of willful concealment by Executive.  The Company understands and agrees that by signing this Agreement, it is giving up its right to bring any legal claim against Executive concerning, directly or indirectly, Executive’s employment relationship with the Company.  The Company agrees that this legal release is intended to be interpreted in the broadest possible manner in favor of Executive, to include all actual or potential legal claims that the Company

 



 

may have against Executive relating to Employee’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom, except as specifically provided otherwise in this Agreement.

 

(c)                                   In order to provide a full and complete release, each of the Parties understands and agrees that this Release is intended to include all claims, if any, covered under this Paragraph 2 that such Party may have and not now know or suspect to exist in his or its favor against any other Party and that this Release extinguishes such claims.  Thus, each of the Parties expressly waives all rights under any statute or common law principle in any jurisdiction that provides, in effect, that a general release does not extend to claims which the releasing party does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him must have materially affected his settlement with the party being released.

 

(d)                                  Executive acknowledges that he consulted with an attorney of his choosing before signing this the Employment Agreement and this Release, and that the Company provided him with no fewer than twenty-one (21) days during which to consider the provisions of the Employment Agreement and this Release and, specifically the release set forth at Paragraph 2(a), above, although Executive may sign and return the Release sooner if he so chooses.  Executive further acknowledges that he has the right to revoke this Release for a period of seven (7) days after signing it and that this Release shall not become effective until such seven (7)-day period has expired. Executive acknowledges and agrees that if he wishes to revoke this Release, he must do so in writing, and that such revocation must be signed by Executive and received by the Company in care of the Chair of the Board of Directors no later than 5 p.m. (Eastern Time) on the seventh (7th) day after Executive has signed this Release. Executive acknowledges and agrees that, in the event that he revokes this Release, he shall have no right to receive the Severance Benefit. Executive represents that he has read this Release, including the release set forth in Paragraph 2(a), above, affirms that this Release and the Employment Agreement provide him with benefits to which he would not otherwise be entitled, and understands its terms and that he enters into this Release freely, voluntarily, and without coercion.

 

3.                                        Executive acknowledges that he has received all compensation to which he is entitled for his work up to his last day of employment with the Company, and that he is not entitled to any further pay or benefit of any kind, for services rendered or any other reason, other than the Severance Benefit.

 

4.                                        Executive agrees that the only thing of value that he will receive by signing this Release is the Severance Benefit.

 

5.                                        The Parties agree that their respective rights and obligations under the Employment Agreement shall survive the execution of this Release.

 

6.                                        The parties understand and agree that this Agreement shall not be construed as an admission of liability on the part of any person or entity, liability being expressly denied.

 

7.                                        Executive represents and warrants to the Company that, prior to the Effective Date, Executive did not disclose to any person, other than to Executive’s spouse, tax advisor and counsel, the terms of this Agreement or the circumstances under which the matter that is the

 



 

subject of this Agreement has been resolved.  After the Effective Date, neither Executive, counsel for Executive, nor any other person under Executive’s control shall disclose any term of this Agreement or the circumstances of Executive’s separation from the Company, except that Executive may disclose such information to Executive’s spouse, or as required by subpoena or court order, or to an attorney or accountant to the extent necessary to obtain professional advice.  Executive shall not be entitled to rely upon the foregoing exception for disclosures pursuant to subpoena or court order unless Executive has given the Company written notice, within three business days following service of the subpoena or court order.

 

8.                                        Executive covenants never to disparage or speak ill of the Company or any the Company product or service, or of any past or present employee, officer or director of the Company, nor shall Executive at any time harass or behave unprofessionally toward any past, present or future the Company employee, officer or director.

 

9.                                        Executive acknowledges that because of Executive’s position with the Company, Executive may possess information that may be relevant to or discoverable in connection with claims, litigation or judicial, arbitral or investigative proceedings initiated by a private party or by a regulator, governmental entity, or self-regulatory organization, that relates to or arises from matters with which Executive was involved during Executive’s employment with the Company, or that concern matters of which Executive has information or knowledge (collectively, a “Proceeding”). Executive agrees that Executive shall testify truthfully in connection with any such Proceeding, shall cooperate with the Company in connection with every such Proceeding, and that Executive’s duty of cooperation shall include an obligation to meet with the Company representatives and/or counsel concerning all such Proceedings for such purposes, and at such times and places, as the Company reasonably requests, and to appear for deposition and/or testimony upon the Company’s request and without a subpoena.  The Company shall reimburse Executive for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses that Executive incurs in honoring Executive’s obligation of cooperation under this Section 9.

 

10.                                  Miscellaneous Terms and Conditions

 

(a)                                   Each party understands and agrees that Executive or it assumes all risk that the facts or law may be, or become, different than the facts or law as believed by the party at the time Executive or it executes this Agreement.  Executive and the Company acknowledge that their relationship precludes any affirmative obligation of disclosure, and expressly disclaim all reliance upon information supplied or concealed by the adverse party or its counsel in connection with the negotiation and/or execution of this Agreement.

 

(b)                                  The parties warrant and represent that they have been offered no promise or inducement except as expressly provided in this Agreement, and that this Agreement is not in violation of or in conflict with any other agreement of either party.

 

(c)                                   All covenants and warranties contained in this Agreement are contractual and shall survive the closing of this Agreement.

 

(d)                                  Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding in all respects upon, and shall inure to the benefit of, the parties’ heirs, successors and assigns.

 



 

(e)                                   Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, irrespective of the choice of law rules of any jurisdiction.

 

(f)                                     Should any provision of this Agreement be declared illegal or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction and cannot be modified to be enforceable, such provision shall immediately become null and void, leaving the remainder of this Agreement in full force and effect. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Section 2(a), above, is declared void or unenforceable, then this Agreement shall be null and void and both parties shall be restored to the positions that they occupied before the Agreement’s execution (meaning that, among other things, all sums paid by the Company pursuant to Section 1, above, shall be immediately refunded to the Company); provided that in such circumstances this Agreement and the facts and circumstances relating to its execution shall be inadmissible in any later proceeding between the parties, and the statutes of limitations applicable to claims asserted in the proceeding shall be deemed to have been tolled for the period between the Effective Date and 10 days after the date on which Section 2(a) is declared unenforceable.

 

(g)                                  This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties and a complete merger of prior negotiations and agreements.

 

(h)                                  This Agreement shall not be modified except in a writing signed by the parties.

 

(i)                                      Waiver.  No term or condition of this Agreement shall be deemed to have been waived, nor shall there be an estoppel against the enforcement of any provision of this Agreement, except by a writing signed by the party charged with the waiver or estoppel.  No waiver of any breach of this Agreement shall be deemed a waiver of any later breach of the same provision or any other provision of this Agreement.

 

(j)                                      Headings are intended solely as a convenience and shall not control the meaning or interpretation of any provision of this Agreement.

 

(k)                                   Pronouns contained in this Agreement shall apply equally to the feminine, neuter and masculine genders.  The singular shall include the plural, and the plural shall include the singular.

 

(l)                                      Each party shall promptly execute, acknowledge and deliver any additional document or agreement that the other party reasonably believes is necessary to carry out the purpose or effect of this Agreement.

 

(m)                                Any party contesting the validity or enforceability of any term of this Agreement shall be required to prove by clear and convincing evidence fraud, concealment, failure to disclose material information, unconscionability, misrepresentation or mistake of fact or law.

 

(n)                                  The parties acknowledge that they have reviewed this Agreement in its entirety and have had a full and fair opportunity to negotiate its terms and to consult with counsel of their own choosing concerning the meaning and effect of this Agreement.  Each party therefore waives all applicable rules of construction that any provision of this Agreement should

 



 

be construed against its drafter, and agrees that all provisions of the agreement shall be construed as a whole, according to the fair meaning of the language used.

 

(o)                                  Every dispute arising from or relating to this Agreement shall be tried only in the state or federal courts situated in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The parties consent to venue in those courts, and agree that those courts shall have personal jurisdiction over them in, and subject matter jurisdiction concerning, any such action.

 

(p)                                  In any action relating to or arising from this Agreement, or involving its application, the party substantially prevailing shall recover from the other party the expenses incurred by the prevailing party in connection with the action, including court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees.

 

(q)                                  This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, or by copies transmitted by telecopier, all of which shall be given the same force and effect as the original.

 

[SIGNATURES FOLLOW]

 



 

NOTE: DO NOT SIGN THIS SUPPLEMENTAL LEGAL RELEASE UNTIL AFTER EXECUTIVE’S FINAL DAY OF EMPLOYMENT.

 

ROSETTA STONE LTD.

 

EXECUTIVE

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

 

 

Tom Adams

 

 

 

Date:

 

 

Date:

 

 




Exhibit 10.15

 

EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

 

THIS EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this Agreement” ) is made as of February 20, 2009, between Rosetta Stone Ltd., a Delaware corporation (together with its successors and assigns, the Company” ), and Brian Helman ( “Executive” ).

 

Recitals

 

A.                                    The Company and Executive desire to enter into an agreement pursuant to which the Company will employ Executive as its Chief Financial Officer subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

Agreement

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and promises contained herein, the parties agree as follows:

 

1.                                       Employment .

 

The Company hereby engages Executive to serve as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, and Executive agrees to serve the Company, during the Service Term (as defined in Section 4 below) in the capacities, and subject to the terms and conditions, set forth in this Agreement.

 

2.                                       Duties.

 

During the Service Term, Executive, as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, shall have all the duties and responsibilities customarily rendered by Chief Financial Officers of companies of similar size and nature and such other duties and responsibilities as may be delegated from time to time by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer of the Company in their sole discretion.  Executive will report to the Chief Executive Officer.

 

Executive will devote his best efforts and substantially all of his business time and attention (except for vacation periods and periods of illness or other incapacity) to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries. With the consent of the Chief Executive Officer, Executive will be permitted to serve on the boards of other companies so long as such service does not unreasonably interfere with his duties to the Company.

 

3.                                       Salary, Bonus and Benefits.

 

The Board shall make all decisions related to Executive’s base salary and the payment of bonuses, if any.  Executive’s Annual Base Salary and other compensation will be reviewed by the Board at least annually.

 

(a)                                   Base Salary.   During the Service Term, the Company will pay Executive a base salary (the “Annual Base Salary” ) as the Board may designate from time to time. The initial Annual Base Salary shall be at the rate of $245,000 per annum in accordance with the

 

1



 

Company’s customary payroll practices (minus all applicable withholdings).  Executive’s Annual Base Salary for any partial year will be prorated based upon the number of days elapsed in such year.  The Annual Base Salary may be increased (but not decreased) from time to time during the Service Term by the Board based upon the Company’s and Executive’s performance.

 

(b)                                 Bonus Plan; Equity Awards Executive shall be eligible to receive an annual bonus in accordance with Company bonus policy to be established by the Board from time to time (the Annual Bonus” ) The Annual Bonus, if any, will be determined by the Board based upon the Company’s annual achievement of financial performance goals and other annual objectives as determined by the Board in good faith for each fiscal year of the Company.  For 2009, Executive will be eligible to receive an Annual Bonus of up to forty percent (40%) of his 2009 Annual Base Salary upon 100% achievement of 2009 annual objectives.  For subsequent years, the Annual Bonus target as a percentage of then-current Annual Base Salary, may be adjusted, but may not be less than 40% of the Executive’s then-current Annual Base Salary.

 

(c)                                 Benefits.

 

(i)                                     Executive and, to the extent eligible, his dependents, shall be entitled to participate in and receive all benefits under any welfare or pension benefit plans and programs made available to the Company’s senior level executives or to its employees generally (including, without limitation, medical, disability and life insurance programs, accidental death and dismemberment protection, leave and participation in retirement plans and deferred compensation plans), subject, however, to the generally applicable eligibility and other provisions of the various plans and programs and laws and regulations in effect from time to time.

 

(ii)                                 The Company shall reimburse Executive for all reasonable, ordinary and necessary business, travel or entertainment expenses incurred during the Service Term in the performance of his services hereunder in accordance with the policies of the Company as they are from time to time in effect. Executive, as a condition precedent to obtaining such payment or reimbursement, shall provide to the Company any and all statements, bills or receipts evidencing the travel or out-of-pocket expenses for which Executive seeks payment or reimbursement, and any other information or materials, which the Company may from time to time reasonably require.  The Company shall pay Executive the amount of such an expense by the last day of Executive’s taxable year following the taxable year in which Executive incurred such expense.  The expenses that are subject to reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  shall not be limited as a result of when the expenses are incurred.  The amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  during a given taxable year of Executive shall not affect the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement in any other taxable year of Executive.  The right to reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.

 

(iii)                             Executive shall be entitled to paid vacation of up to 22 days per annum (27 days per annum beginning January 1, 2011) which shall accrue pro rata during the applicable year and shall be entitled to medical, disability, family and other leave

 

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in accordance with Company policies as in effect from time to time for senior executives.

 

(iv)                                Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained above, the Company shall be entitled to terminate or reduce any employee benefit enjoyed by Executive pursuant to the provisions of this Section 3(c) , but only if such reduction is part of an across-the-board reduction applicable to all executives of the Company who are entitled to such benefit.

 

4.                                       Employment Term.

 

Unless Executive’s employment under this Agreement is sooner terminated as a result of Executive’s resignation or termination in accordance with the provisions of Section 5 below, Executive’s term of employment (“ Service Term” ) under this Agreement shall commence on the date hereof and shall continue for a period of one year, and at the end of each day it shall renew and extend automatically for an additional day so that the remaining Service Term is always one year; provided , however , that either party may terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 5 below for any reason, with or without Cause or with or without Good Reason, as the case may be, at any time upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to the other party of its decision to terminate (except in the event of termination for Cause, whereupon Executive’s termination shall be effective immediately upon written notice thereof except for any required grace periods for “Cause” as otherwise set forth below).

 

5.                                       Termination.

 

Executive’s employment with the Company shall cease upon the first of the following events to occur:

 

(a)                                   Executive’s death.

 

(b)                                   Executive’s voluntary retirement at age 65 or older.

 

(c)                                   Executive’s disability, which means his incapacity due to physical or mental illness such that he is unable to perform the essential functions of his previously assigned duties where (1) such incapacity has been determined to exist by either (x) the Company’s disability insurance carrier or (y) by the concurring opinions of two licensed physicians (one selected by the Company and one by Executive), and (2) the Chief Executive Officer has determined, based on competent medical advice, that such incapacity will likely last for a continuous period of at six (6) months.  Any such termination for disability shall be only as expressly permitted by the Americans with Disabilities Act.

 

(d)                                   Termination by the Company by the delivery to Executive of a written notice from the Chief Executive Officer that Executive has been terminated (“Notice of Termination”) with or without Cause.  “Cause” shall mean termination for any of the following:

 

(i)                                     Executive’s (A) commission of a felony or a crime involving moral turpitude or the commission of any other act or omission involving dishonesty in the performance of his duties to the Company or fraud; (B) substantial and

 

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repeated failure to perform duties of the office held by Executive as reasonably directed by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer; (C) gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (D) material breach of this Agreement not cured within ten (10) days after receipt of written notice thereof from the Company; (E) failure, within ten (10) days after receipt by Executive of written notice thereof from the Company, to correct, cease or otherwise alter any failure to comply with instructions or other action or omission which the Chief Executive Officer reasonably believes does or may materially or adversely affect its business or operations; (F) misconduct which is of such a serious or substantial nature that a reasonable likelihood exists that such misconduct will materially injure the reputation of the Company or its Subsidiaries if Executive were to remain employed by the Company; (G) harassing or discriminating against the Company’s employees, customers or vendors in violation of the Company’s policies with respect to such matters; (H) misappropriation of funds or assets of the Company for personal use or willful violation of Company policies or standards of business conduct as determined in good faith by the Chief Executive Officer; and/or (I) failure due to some action or inaction on the part of Executive to have immigration status that permits Executive to maintain full-time employment with the Company in the United States in compliance with all applicable immigration laws.

 

(e)                                   Executive’s voluntary resignation by the delivery to the Chief Executive Officer of a written notice from Executive that Executive has resigned with or without Good Reason. Good Reason” shall mean Executive’s resignation from employment with the Company within thirty (30) days after (i) a material diminution in Executive’s annual salary, duties, authority or responsibilities from the annual salary, duties, authority or responsibilities as in effect at the commencement of the Service Term, (ii) the Company’s failure to perform any material obligation undertaken by the Company to Executive hereunder after Executive has provided the Company with written notice of such failure and such failure has not thereafter been cured within ten (10) days of the delivery of such written notice or (iii) notice by the Company to Executive that his primary place of employment is to be relocated to a geographic area more than 50 miles from Arlington, Virginia, without Executive’s consent.

 

6.                                       Rights on Termination.

 

(a)                                   If during the Service Term Executive’s employment is terminated under Section 5 above (x) by the Company without Cause or (y) by Executive with Good Reason, then:

 

(i)                                     The Company shall pay to Executive, at the times specified in Section 6(a)(vii)  below, the following amounts (the “Severance Payments” ):

 

(1)                                   the Accrued Obligation;

 

(2)                                   Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the effective date of the termination of Executive’s employment (the Termination Date” ) for periods following his Separation From Service, to the extent not theretofore paid;

 

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(3)                                   a lump sum in cash equal to the product of (x) 1/12 of the amount of the Annual Base Salary in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date and (y) 12; and

 

(4)                                   a lump sum in cash equal to the product of (x) the monthly basic life insurance premium applicable to Executive’s basic life insurance coverage immediately prior to the Termination Date and (y) 12.  Executive may, at his option, convert his basic life insurance coverage to an individual policy after the Termination Date by completing the forms required by the Company for this purpose.

 

(ii)                                 The Company will pay, when due and payable under the Annual Bonus plan, the pro rata portion, if any, of Executive’s Annual Bonus earned up until such Termination Date.

 

(iii)                             Subject to clause (iv), for 12 months following the Termination Date the Company shall arrange to provide Executive and his dependents medical insurance benefits substantially similar to those provided to Executive and his dependents immediately prior to the Termination Date (at no greater cost to Executive than such cost to Executive in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date, or, if greater, the cost to similarly situated active employees of the Company under the applicable group health plan of the Company).  Except for any reimbursements under the applicable group health plan that are subject to a limitation on reimbursements during a specified period, the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement under this Section 6(a)(iii) , or in-kind benefits provided, during Executive’s taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits to be provided, in any other taxable year of Executive.  Executive’s right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits pursuant to this Section 6(a)(iii)  shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.  To the extent that the payments or reimbursements made pursuant to this Section 6(a)(iii)  are taxable to Executive and are not otherwise exempt from Section 409A, if Executive is a Specified Employee, any amounts to which Executive would otherwise be entitled under this Section 6(a)(iii)  during the first six months following the date of Executive’s Separation From Service shall be accumulated and paid to Executive on the date that is six months following the date of his Separation From Service.

 

(iv)                                Subject to Executive’s group health plan coverage continuation rights under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended, the benefits listed in clause (iii)  of this Section 6(a)  shall be reduced to the extent  benefits of the same type are received by or made available to Executive during such period, and provided, further, that Executive shall have the obligation to notify the Company that he is entitled to or receiving such benefits.

 

(v)                                    Payments and benefits provided to Executive under this Section 6 (other than Accrued Obligations) are contingent upon Executive’s execution of a release substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto.

 

(vi)                                Executive shall not be permitted to specify the taxable year in which a payment described in this Section 6 shall be made to him.

 

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(vii)                            The Company shall pay Executive the amounts specified in Section 6(a)(i)(1)  within thirty (30) days after the Termination Date.  The Company shall pay to Executive the amounts specified in Sections 6(a)(i)(2), (3) and (4)  on the date that is six months following the date of Executive’s Separation From Service.  Further, the Company shall pay to Executive, on the date that is six months following Executive’s Separation From Service, an additional interest amount equal to the amount of interest that would be earned on the amounts specified in Sections 6(a)(i)(2), (3) and (4)  and, to the extent subject to a mandatory six-month delay in payment, the amounts specified in Section 6(a)(iii) , for the period commencing on the date of Executive’s Separation From Service until the date of payment of such amounts, calculated using an interest rate equal to the six month U.S. Treasury Rate in effect on the date of Executive’s Separation From Service.

 

(b)                                   If the Company terminates Executive’s employment for Cause, if Executive dies or is disabled (as defined in Section 5(c)  above), or if Executive resigns without Good Reason, the Company’s obligations to pay any compensation or benefits under this Agreement will cease effective as of the Termination Date and the Company shall pay to Executive the Accrued Obligation within thirty (30) days following the Termination Date.  The Company shall pay to Executive his Annual Base Salary for periods following his Separation From Service, to the extent not theretofore paid, within thirty (30) days following his Separation From Service if he is not a Specified Employee or on the date that is six months following his Separation From Service if he is a Specified Employee.  Following such payments, the Company shall have no further obligations to Executive other than as may be required by law or the terms of an employee benefit plan of the Company.

 

(c)                                   Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company’s obligation to Executive for Severance Payments or other rights under either Sections 6(a)  or (b)  above shall cease if Executive is in violation of the provisions of Sections 8 or 9 below.

 

(d)                                   If the Executive retires at age 65 or older the Company shall pay the Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the retirement date and shall also pay when due and payable under the Annual Bonus plan the pro rata portion of any Annual Bonus that may have been earned by the Executive through the retirement date.  No other amounts will be payable by the Company.

 

7.                                       Representations of Executive.

 

Executive hereby represents and warrants to the Company that the statements contained in this Section 7 are true and accurate as of the date of this Agreement.

 

(a)                                   Legal Proceedings .   Executive has not been (i) the subject of any criminal proceeding (other than a traffic violation or other minor offense) which has resulted in a conviction against Executive, nor is Executive the subject of any pending criminal proceeding (other than a traffic violation or other minor offense), (ii) indicted for, or charged in a court of competent jurisdiction with, any felony or crime of moral turpitude, (iii) the defendant in any civil complaint alleging damages in excess of $50,000, or (iv) the defendant in any civil complaint alleging sexual harassment, unfair labor practices or discrimination in the work place.

 

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(b)                                   Securities Law .   Executive has not been found in a civil action by the Securities and Exchange Commission, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, a state securities authority or any other regulatory agency to have violated any federal, state or other securities or commodities law.

 

(c)                                   Work History; Immigration Status .   Executive’s resume, previously provided by Executive to the Company, is complete and correct in all material respects, and accurately reflects Executive’s prior work history. Executive has the full legal right to be employed on a full-time basis by the Company in the United States under all applicable immigration laws on the basis of the Company’s continued willingness to employ him on a full-time basis, and has provided the Company with evidence of legal immigration status and will do so at any time upon request. The Company will, if applicable, continue to cooperate with Executive in maintaining Executive’s work visa status and/or any mutually agreeable adjustment of status.

 

(d)                                   Employment Restrictions Executive is not currently a party to any non competition, non-solicitation, confidentiality or other work-related agreement that limits or restricts Executive’s ability to work in any particular field or in any particular geographic region, whether or not such agreement would be violated by this Agreement.

 

8.                                       Confidential Information; Proprietary Information, etc.

 

(a)                                   Obligation to Maintain Confidentiality Executive acknowledges that any Proprietary Information disclosed or made available to Executive or obtained, observed or known by Executive as a direct or indirect consequence of his employment with or performance of services for the Company or any of its Subsidiaries during the course of his performance of services for, or employment with, any of the foregoing Persons (whether or not compensated for such services) and during the period in which Executive is receiving Severance Payments, are the property of the Company and its Subsidiaries. Therefore, Executive agrees that, other than in the course of performance of his duties as an employee of the Company, he will not at any time (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment) disclose or permit to be disclosed to any Person or, directly or indirectly, utilize for his own account or permit to be utilized by any Person any Proprietary Information or records pertaining to the Company, its Subsidiaries and their respective business for any reason whatsoever without the Chief Executive Officer’s consent, unless and to the extent that (except as otherwise provided in the definition of Proprietary Information) the aforementioned matters become generally known to and available for use by the public other than as a direct or indirect result of Executive’s acts or omissions to act. Executive agrees to deliver to the Company at the termination of his employment, as a condition to receipt of the next or final payment of compensation, or at any other time the Company may request in writing (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment), all records pertaining to the Company, its Subsidiaries and their respective business which he may then possess or have under his control. Executive further agrees that any property situated on the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ premises and owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries, including disks and other storage media, filing cabinets or other work areas, is subject to inspection by Company or its Subsidiaries and their personnel at any time with or without notice. Nothing in this Section 8(a)  shall be construed to prevent Executive from using his general knowledge and experience in future employment so long as Executive complies with this Section 8(a)  and the other restrictions contained in this Agreement.

 

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(b)                                   Ownership of Property Executive acknowledges that all inventions, innovations, improvements, developments, methods, processes, programs, designs, analyses, drawings, reports and all similar or related information (whether or not patentable) that relate to the Company’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ actual or anticipated business, research and development, or existing or future products or services and that are conceived, developed, contributed to, made, or reduced to practice by Executive (either solely or jointly with others) while employed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (including any of the foregoing that constitutes any Proprietary Information or records) ( “Work Product” ) belong to the Company or such Subsidiary and Executive hereby assigns, and agrees to assign, all of the above Work Product to the Company or such Subsidiary. Any copyrightable work prepared in whole or in part by Executive in the course of his work for any of the foregoing entities shall be deemed a “work made for hire” under the copyright laws, and the Company or such Subsidiary shall own all rights therein. To the extent that any such copyrightable work is not a “work made for hire,” Executive hereby assigns and agrees to assign to Company or such Subsidiary all right, title and interest, including without limitation, copyright in and to such copyrightable work. Executive shall promptly disclose such Work Product and copyrightable work to the Chief Executive Officer and perform all actions reasonably requested by the Chief Executive Officer (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment) to establish and confirm the Company’s or its Subsidiary’s ownership (including, without limitation, execution of assignments, consents, powers of attorney and other instruments). Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 8(b)  to the contrary, the Company’s ownership of Work Product does not apply to any invention that Executive develops entirely on his own time without using the equipment, supplies or facilities of the Company or Subsidiaries or any Proprietary Information (including trade secrets), except that the Company’s ownership of Work Product does include those inventions that: (i) relate to the business of the Company or its Subsidiaries or to the actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development relating to the Company’s business; or (ii) result from any work that Executive performs for the Company or its Subsidiaries.

 

(c)                                   Third Party Information Executive understands that the Company and its Subsidiaries will receive from third parties confidential or proprietary information ( “Third Party Information” ) subject to a duty on the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ part to maintain the confidentiality of such information and to use it only for certain limited purposes. During the term of Executive’s employment and thereafter, and without in any way limiting the provisions of Sections 8(a)  and 8 (b)  above, Executive shall hold Third Party Information in the strictest confidence and shall not disclose to anyone (other than personnel of the Company or its Subsidiaries who need to know such information in connection with their work for the Company or its Subsidiaries) or use, except in connection with his work for the Company or its Subsidiaries, Third Party Information unless expressly authorized by the Chief Executive Officer in writing.

 

(d)                                   Use of Information of Prior Employers, etc Executive will abide by any enforceable obligations contained in any agreements that Executive has entered into with his prior employers or other parties to whom Executive has an obligation of confidentiality.

 

(e)                                   Compelled Disclosure If Executive is required by law or governmental regulation or by subpoena or other valid legal process to disclose any Proprietary Information or Third Party Information to any Person, Executive will immediately provide the Company with

 

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written notice of the applicable law, regulation or process so that the Company may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy.  Executive will cooperate fully with the Company and the Company’s representatives in any attempt by the Company to obtain any such protective order or other remedy. If the Company elects not to seek, or is unsuccessful in obtaining, any such protective order or other remedy in connection with any requirement that Executive disclose Proprietary Information or Third Party Information then Executive may disclose such Proprietary Information or Third Party Information to the extent legally required; provided, however, that Executive will use his reasonable best efforts to ensure that such Proprietary Information is treated confidentially by each Person to whom it is disclosed.

 

9.                                       Noncompetition and Nonsolicitation.

 

(a)                                   Noncompetition . As long as Executive is an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, and for a period ending twelve (12) months following the Termination Date of Executive’s employment (the Restrictive Covenant Period” ), Executive shall not, directly or indirectly own, manage, control, participate in, consult with, render services for, or in any manner engage in any business competing with the business of producing and selling software used for learning foreign languages, including English as a foreign language or any other businesses then carried on by the Company or its Subsidiaries (the Business” ) in any geographic area in which: (i) Executive acted as an employee of the Company or its Subsidiaries and had contact with the customers of the Company or its Subsidiaries during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date, and (ii) the Company or its Subsidiaries is conducting business or has conducted business during the Restrictive Covenant Period.

 

(b)                                   Nonsolicitation As long as Executive is an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, and during the Restrictive Covenant Period thereafter, Executive shall not directly or indirectly through another entity:  (i) induce or attempt to induce any employee of the Company or any Subsidiary to leave the employ of the Company or such Subsidiary, or in any way interfere with the relationship between the Company or any Subsidiary and any employee thereof; (ii) hire or employ any person who was an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date; (iii) induce or attempt to induce any customer, supplier, licensee or other business relation of the Company or any Subsidiary to cease doing business with the Company or such Subsidiary, or in any way interfere with the relationship between any such customer, supplier, licensee or business relation and the Company or any Subsidiary; (iv) solicit or provide services related to the Business to any Person who was a customer or client of the Company or any Subsidiary at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date; or (v) solicit or provide services related to the Business to any Prospective Customer. For purposes hereof, a Prospective Customer” means any Person whom the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has entertained discussions with to become a client or customer at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date and who has not explicitly rejected a business relationship with the Company.

 

(c)                                   Acknowledgment Executive  acknowledges  that  in  the  course  of his employment with the Company and its Subsidiaries, he has and will become familiar with the trade secrets and other Proprietary Information of the Company and its Subsidiaries. Executive further acknowledges that as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, Executive has and

 

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will have direct or indirect responsibility, oversight or duties with respect to the businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries and its and their current and prospective employees, vendors, customers, clients and other business relations, and that, accordingly, the geographical restriction contained in this Section 9 is reasonable in all respects and necessary to protect the goodwill and Proprietary Information of the Company and that without such protection the Company’s customer and client relations and competitive advantage would be materially adversely affected.  It is specifically recognized by Executive that his services to the Company and its Subsidiaries are special, unique and of extraordinary value, that the Company has a protectable interest in prohibiting Executive as provided in this Section 9 , that Executive is responsible for the growth and development of the Company and the creation and preservation of the Company’s goodwill, that money damages are insufficient to protect such interests, that there is adequate consideration being provided to Executive hereunder, that such prohibitions are necessary and appropriate without regard to payments being made to Executive hereunder and that the Company would not enter this Agreement  with  Executive  without  the  restriction  of  this  Section 9 .  Executive  further acknowledges that the restrictions contained in this Section 9 do not impose an undue hardship on him and, since he has general business skills that may be used in industries other than that in which the Company and its Subsidiaries conduct their business, do not deprive Executive of his livelihood. Executive further acknowledges that the provisions of this Section 9 are separate and independent of the other sections of this Agreement.

 

(d)                                   Enforcement, etc If, at the time of enforcement of Section 8 or 9 of this Agreement, a court holds that the restrictions stated herein are unreasonable under circumstances then existing, the parties hereto agree that the maximum duration, scope or geographical area reasonable under such circumstances as determined by the court shall be substituted for the stated period, scope or area.  Because Executive’s services are unique, because Executive has access to Proprietary Information and for the other reasons set forth herein, the parties hereto agree that money damages would be an inadequate remedy for any breach of this Agreement. Therefore, without limiting the generality of Section 12(f), in the event of a breach or threatened breach of this Agreement, the Company or its successors or assigns may, in addition to other rights and remedies existing in their favor, apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for specific performance and/or injunctive or other relief in order to enforce, or prevent any violations of, the provisions hereof (without posting a bond or other security).

 

(e)                                   Submission to Jurisdiction The parties hereby: (i) submit to the jurisdiction of any state or federal court sitting in the Commonwealth of Virginia in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to Section 8 and/or 9 of this Agreement; (ii) agree that all claims in respect of such action or proceeding may be heard or determined in any such court; and (iii) agree not to bring any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to Section 8 and/or 9 of this Agreement in any other court. The parties hereby waive any defense of inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any action or proceeding so brought. The parties hereby agree that a final judgment in any action or proceeding so brought shall be conclusive and may be enforced by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.

 

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GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

10.          Definitions.

 

Accrued Obligation means the sum of (a) Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the Termination Date for periods through but not following his Separation From Service and (b) any accrued vacation pay earned by Executive, in each case, to the extent not theretofore paid.

 

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any particular Person, any other Person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such particular Person. A Subsidiary of the Company shall be an Affiliate of the Company.

 

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any committee of the Board, such as the Compensation Committee, to which the Board has delegated applicable authority.

 

Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

“Person” means any individual or corporation, association, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, joint stock or other company, business trust, trust, organization, university, college, governmental authority or other entity of any kind.

 

“Proprietary Information” means any and all data and information concerning the business affairs of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and not generally known in the industry in which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become engaged, and any other information concerning any matters affecting or relating to the Company’s or its Subsidiaries businesses, but in any event Proprietary Information shall include, any of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ past, present or prospective business opportunities, including information concerning acquisition opportunities in or reasonably related to the Company’s or its Subsidiaries businesses or industries, customers, customer lists, clients, client lists, the prices the Company and its Subsidiaries obtain or have obtained from the sale of, or at which they sell or have sold, their products, unit volume of sales to past or present customers and clients, or any other information concerning the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, their manner of operation, their plans, processes, figures, sales figures, projections, estimates, tax records, personnel history, accounting procedures, promotions, supply sources, contracts, know-how, trade secrets, information relating to research, development, inventions, technology, manufacture, purchasing, engineering, marketing, merchandising or selling, or other data without regard to whether all of the foregoing matters will be deemed confidential, material or important. Proprietary Information does not include any information that Executive has obtained from a Person other than an employee of the Company or a Subsidiary, which was disclosed to him without a breach of a duty of confidentiality.

 

Section 409A ” means s ection 409A of the Code and the final Department of Treasury regulations issued thereunder.

 

Separation From Service shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 409A.

 

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Specified Employee means a person who is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A, taking into account the elections made and procedures established in resolutions adopted by the Board.

 

“Subsidiary” means any company of which the Company owns securities having a majority of the ordinary voting power in electing the board of directors directly or through one or more subsidiaries.

 

11.          Notices.

 

Any notice provided for in this Agreement must be in writing and must be mailed, personally delivered or sent by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid) to the recipient at the address below indicated:

 

If to the Company :

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.
1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

Attention:  Chief Executive Officer

 

With a copy to

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.
1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

Attention:  General Counsel

 

If to Executive :

 

Brian Helman
c/o Rosetta Stone Ltd.

1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

 

or such other address or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party shall have specified by prior written notice to the sending party. Any notice under this Agreement will be deemed to have been given when delivered or, if mailed, five (5) business days after deposit in the U.S. mail.

 

12.          Miscellaneous.

 

(a)           Severability Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement will be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision

 

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of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law or rule in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other provision or any other jurisdiction, but this Agreement will be reformed, construed and enforced in such jurisdiction as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein.

 

(b)           Complete Agreement This Agreement, those documents expressly referred to herein and other documents of even date herewith embody the complete agreement and understanding among the parties and supersede and preempt any prior understandings, agreements or representations by or among the parties, written or oral, which may have related to the subject matter hereof in any way , including, without limitation, that certain offer letter between the Company and Executive dated as of February 15, 2007.

 

(c)           Counterparts; Facsimile Transmission This Agreement may be executed in separate counterparts, each of which is deemed to be an original and all of which taken together constitute one and the same agreement. Each party to this Agreement agrees that its own telecopied signature will bind it and that it accepts the telecopied signature of each other party to this Agreement.

 

(d)           Successors and Assigns .  Except as otherwise provided herein, this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by Executive, the Company and their respective successors and assigns; provided that the rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement shall not be assignable without the prior written consent of the other party, except for assignments by operation of law and assignments by the Company to any successor of the Company by merger, consolidation, combination or sale of assets. Any purported assignment in violation of these provisions shall be void ab initio.

 

(e)           Choice of Law; Jurisdiction All questions or disputes concerning this Agreement and the exhibits hereto will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the Commonwealth of Virginia or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The parties hereby: (i) submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any state or federal court sitting in the Commonwealth of Virginia in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement; and (ii) agree that all claims in respect of such action or proceeding may be heard or determined in any such court. Each party hereby waives any defense of inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any action or proceeding so brought. The parties hereby agree that a final judgment in any action or proceeding so brought shall be conclusive and may be enforced by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.

 

(f)            Remedies Each of the parties to this Agreement will be entitled to enforce its rights under this Agreement specifically, to recover damages and costs (including attorney’s fees) caused by any breach of any provision of this Agreement and to exercise all other rights existing in its favor. The parties hereto agree and acknowledge that money damages may not be an adequate remedy for any breach of the provisions of this Agreement and that any party may in its sole discretion apply to any court of law or equity of competent jurisdiction (without posting

 

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any bond or deposit) for specific performance and/or other injunctive relief in order to enforce or prevent any violations of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

(g)           Amendment and Waiver The provisions of this Agreement may be amended or waived only with the prior written consent of the Company and Executive.

 

(h)           Business Days If any time period for giving notice or taking action hereunder expires on a day which is a Saturday, Sunday or holiday in the state in which the Company’s chief executive office is located, the time period shall be automatically extended to the business day immediately following, such Saturday, Sunday or holiday.  The provisions of this Section 12(h)  shall not apply to determine the date an amount is payable under Section 3(c)(ii)  or 6 .

 

(i)            Termination This Agreement (except for the provisions of Sections 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 12 and 13 ) shall survive the termination of Executive’s employment with the Company and shall remain in full force and effect after such termination.

 

(j)            No Waiver A waiver by any party hereto of any right or remedy hereunder on any one occasion shall not be construed as a bar to any right or remedy that such party would otherwise have on any future occasion. Neither failure to exercise nor any delay in exercising on the part of any party hereto, any right, power or privilege hereunder shall preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. The rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative and may be exercised singly or concurrently, and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law.

 

(k)           Insurance The Company, at its discretion, may apply for and procure in its own name for its own benefit life and/or disability insurance with respect to Executive in any amount or amounts considered available provided, however, that such procurement of insurance does not restrict the amount of insurance that Executive may obtain for his own personal use. Executive agrees to cooperate in any medical or other examination, supply any information, and to execute and deliver any applications or other instruments in writing as may be reasonably necessary to obtain and constitute such insurance. Executive hereby represents that he has no reason to believe that his life is not insurable at rates now prevailing for healthy men of his age.

 

(l)            Withholding of Taxes on Behalf of Executive The Company and its Subsidiaries shall be entitled to deduct or withhold from any amounts owing from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to Executive any federal, state, provincial, local or foreign withholding taxes, excise taxes, or employment taxes ( “Taxes” ) imposed with respect to Executive’s compensation or other payments from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or Executive’s ownership interest in the Company, including, but not limited to, wages, bonuses, dividends, the receipt or exercise of stock options and/or the receipt or vesting of restricted stock.

 

(m)          Waiver of Jury Trial BOTH PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT AGREE THAT ANY ACTION, DEMAND, CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM RELATING TO THE TERMS AND PROVISIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT, OR TO ITS BREACH, MAY BE COMMENCED IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA IN A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION.  BOTH PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT FURTHER AGREE THAT ANY ACTION, DEMAND, CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM SHALL BE RESOLVED

 

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BY A JUDGE ALONE, AND BOTH PARTIES HEREBY WAIVE AND FOREVER RENOUNCE THAT RIGHT TO A TRIAL BEFORE A CIVIL JURY.

 

13.          Certain Additional Payments by the Company.

 

(a)           Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding and except as set forth below, in the event it shall be determined that any payment or distribution by, or benefit from, the Company or an Affiliate or any person who acquires ownership or effective control or ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets (within the meaning of section 280G of the Code) or by any Affiliate of such person, to or for the benefit of Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 13 ) (a “ Payment ”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by section 4999 of the Code or any interest or penalties are incurred by Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “ Excise Tax ”), then Executive shall be entitled to receive an additional payment (a “ Gross-Up Payment ”) in an amount such that after payment by Executive of all taxes (including any interest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes), including without limitation, any income taxes (and any interest and penalties imposed with respect thereto) and Excise Tax imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments.  Any Gross-Up Payment that the Company is required to make to reimburse Executive for federal, state and local taxes imposed upon Executive, including the amount of additional taxes imposed upon Executive due to the Company’s payment of the initial taxes on such amounts, shall be made by the Company by the end of Executive’s taxable year next following Executive’s taxable year in which Executive remits the related taxes to the taxing authority.

 

(b)           Subject to the provisions of Section 13(c) , all determinations required to be made under this Section 13 , including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determination, shall be made by a nationally recognized accounting firm that is (i) not serving as accountant or auditor for the person who acquires ownership or effective control or ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets (within the meaning of section 280G of the Code) or any Affiliate of such person and (ii) agreed upon by the Company and Executive (the “ Accounting Firm ”).  The Accounting Firm shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and Executive within 15 business days after appointment by the Company and Executive and receipt of notice from Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company.  All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company.  Any Gross-Up Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 13 , shall be paid by the Company to Executive within five days after the receipt of the Accounting Firm’s determination and in no event later than the payment deadline specified in Section 13(a) .  Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and Executive.  As a result of the uncertainty in the application of section 4999 of the Code at the time of the initial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments that will not have been made by the Company should have been made (“ Underpayment ”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder.  In the event that the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 13(c)  and Executive thereafter is

 

15



 

required to make a payment of any Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive.

 

(c)          Executive shall notify the Company in writing of any claim by the Internal Revenue Service, state or other taxing authority (“ Taxing Authority ”) that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment (or an additional Gross-Up Payment) in the event the Taxing Authority seeks higher payment.  Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable, but no later than ten business days after Executive is informed in writing of such claim, and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is requested to be paid.  Executive shall not pay such claim prior to the expiration of the 30-day period following the date on which he gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due).  If the Company notifies Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, Executive shall:

 

(i)            give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim,

 

(ii)           take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company,

 

(iii)         cooperate with the Company in good faith in order to effectively contest such claim, and

 

(iv)          permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred at any time during the period that ends ten years following the lifetime of Executive in connection with such proceedings and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax and income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses.  Without limitation on the foregoing provisions of this Section 13(c) , the Company shall control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the Taxing Authority in respect of such claim and may, at its sole option, either direct Executive to pay the tax claimed and sue for a refund or contest the claim in any permissible manner, and Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; provided, however, that if the Company directs Executive to pay such claim and sue for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to Executive, on an interest-free basis and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance; and further provided that any extension of the statute of limitations relating to payment of taxes for the taxable year of Executive with respect to which such

 

16



 

contested amount is claimed to be due is limited solely to such contested amount.  The Company shall not direct Executive to pay such a claim and sue for a refund if, due to the prohibitions of section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Company may not advance to Executive the amount necessary to pay such claim.  The Company’s control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which a Gross-Up Payment would be payable hereunder and Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issues raised by the Taxing Authority.  The costs and expenses that are subject to be paid pursuant to this Section 13(c)  shall not be limited as a result of when the costs or expenses are incurred.  The amounts of costs or expenses that are eligible for payment pursuant to this Section 13(c)(iv)  during a given taxable year of Executive shall not affect the amount of costs or expenses eligible for payment in any other taxable year of Executive.  The right to payment of costs and expenses pursuant to this Section 13(c)(iv)  is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.  Any payment due under this Section 13(c)(iv)  to reimburse Executive for any taxes shall be made to Executive by the Company by the end of Executive’s taxable year following Executive’s taxable year in which Executive remits the related taxes to the applicable taxing authorities.

 

(d)           If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 13(c) , Executive becomes entitled to receive any refund with respect to such claim, Executive shall (subject to the Company’s complying with the requirements of Section 13(c) ) promptly pay to the Company the amount of such refund (together with any interest paid or credited thereon after taxes applicable thereto.  If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 13(c) , a determination is made that Executive shall not be entitled to any refund with respect to such claim and the Company does not notify Executive in writing of its intent to contest such denial of refund prior to the expiration of 30 days after such determination, then such advance shall not be required to be repaid.

 

14.          Indemnification.

 

During and following the employment period, the Company shall indemnify Executive and hold Executive harmless from and against any claim, loss or cause of action arising from or out of Executive’s performance as an officer, director or employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or in any other capacity, including any fiduciary capacity, in which Executive serves at the request of Company to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law and the Company’s By-Laws. Expenses incurred in defending or investigating a threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of Executive to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company. To the extent that the Company reduces the indemnity rights provided for under its By-Laws after execution of this Agreement, the Company’s indemnity obligations hereunder shall be unaffected (to the extent permitted by applicable law).

 

[Signature pages  follow]

 

17



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on the date first written above.

 

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.

 

 

 

By:

 

 

Tom Adams, Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 

EXECUTIVE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Brian Helman

 

18


 

EXHIBIT A

 

Form of Release

 

19



 

Legal Release

 

This Legal Release (“ Release ”) is between Rosetta Stone Ltd. (the “ Company ”) and Brian Helman (“ Executive ”) (each a “ Party ,” and together, the “ Parties ”). For purposes of this Agreement “Effective Date” shall mean the date on which Executive signs this Agreement.

 

Recitals

 

A.                                    Executive and the Company are parties to a Employment Agreement to which this Release is appended as Exhibit A (the “ Employment Agreement ”).

 

B.                                      Executive wishes to receive the Severance Benefit described Section 6(a) of the Employment Agreement.

 

C.                                      Executive and the Company wish to resolve, except as specifically set forth herein, all claims between them arising from or relating to any act or omission predating the Separation Date defined below.

 

Agreement

 

The Parties agree as follows:

 

1.                                        Confirmation of Severance Benefit Obligation . The Company shall pay or provide to Executive the entire Severance Benefit, as, when and on the terms and conditions specified in the Employment Agreement.

 

2.                                        Legal Releases

 

(a)                                   Executive, on behalf of Executive and Executive’s heirs, personal representatives and assigns, and any other person or entity that could or might act on behalf of Executive, including, without limitation, Executive’s counsel (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Executive Releasers”), hereby fully and forever releases and discharges the Company, its present and future affiliates and subsidiaries, and each of their past, present and future officers, directors, employees, shareholders, independent contractors, attorneys, insurers and any and all other persons or entities that are now or may become liable to any Releaser due to any Executive Releasee’s act or omission, (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Executive Releasees”) of and from any and all actions, causes of action, claims, demands, costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, of every kind and nature whatsoever, in law or in equity, whether now known or unknown, that Executive Releasers, or any person acting under any of them, may now have, or claim at any future time to have, based in whole or in part upon any act or omission occurring on or before the Effective Date, without regard to present actual knowledge of such acts or omissions, including specifically, but not by way of limitation, matters which may arise at common law, such as breach of contract, express or implied, promissory estoppel, wrongful discharge, tortious interference with contractual rights, infliction of emotional distress, defamation, or under federal, state or local laws, such as the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, the National Labor Relations Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Equal Pay Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave

 

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Act, and any civil rights law of any state or other governmental body; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else contained in this Agreement, the release set forth in this Section shall not extend to: (i) any rights arising under this Agreement; (ii) any vested rights under any pension, retirement, profit sharing or similar plan; or (iii) Executive’s rights, if any, to indemnification, and/or defense under any Company certificate of incorporation, bylaw and/or policy or procedure, or under any insurance contract or any indemnification agreement with the Company, in connection with Executive’s acts an omissions within the course and scope of Executive’s employment with the Company.  Executive hereby warrants that Executive has not assigned or transferred to any person any portion of any claim which is released, waived and discharged above. Executive further states and agrees that Executive has not experienced any illness, injury, or disability that is compensable or recoverable under the worker’s compensation laws of any state that was not reported to the Company by Executive before the Effective Date, and Executive agrees not to not file a worker’s compensation claim asserting the existence of any such previously undisclosed illness, injury, or disability. Executive has specifically consulted with counsel with respect to the agreements, representations, and declarations set forth in the previous sentence. Executive understands and agrees that by signing this Agreement Executive is giving up any right to bring any legal claim against the Company concerning, directly or indirectly, Executive’s employment relationship with the Company, including Executive’s separation from employment.  Executive agrees that this legal release is intended to be interpreted in the broadest possible manner in favor of the Company, to include all actual or potential legal claims that Executive may have against the Company, except as specifically provided otherwise in this Agreement.

 

(b)                                  The Company, for itself, its affiliates, and any other person or entity that could or might act on behalf of it including, without limitation, its attorneys (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Company Releasers”), hereby fully and forever release and discharge Executive, Executive’s heirs, representatives, assigns, attorneys, and any and all other persons or entities that are now or may become liable to any Company Releaser on account of Executive’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Company Releasees”) of and from any and all actions, causes of action, claims, demands, costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, of every kind and nature whatsoever, in law or in equity, whether now known or unknown, that the Company Releasers, or any person acting under any of them, may now have, or claim at any future time to have, based in whole or in part upon any act or omission relating to Employee’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom, without regard to present actual knowledge of such acts or omissions; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else contained in this Agreement, the release set forth in this Section shall not extend to: (i) any rights arising under this Agreement; (ii) a breach of fiduciary duty or other misconduct that renders Executive ineligible for indemnification by the Company under applicable law, or any right of recovery by the Company for Executive’s breach of fiduciary duty or misconduct in his capacity as a director of the Company under applicable law; or (iii) any claim or claims that the Company may have against Executive as of the Effective Date of which the Company is not aware as of the Effective Date because of willful concealment by Executive.  The Company understands and agrees that by signing this Agreement, it is giving up its right to bring any legal claim against Executive concerning, directly or indirectly, Executive’s employment relationship with the Company.  The Company agrees that this legal release is intended to be interpreted in the broadest possible manner in favor of Executive, to include all actual or potential legal claims that the Company

 

21



 

may have against Executive relating to Employee’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom, except as specifically provided otherwise in this Agreement.

 

(c)                                   In order to provide a full and complete release, each of the Parties understands and agrees that this Release is intended to include all claims, if any, covered under this Paragraph 2 that such Party may have and not now know or suspect to exist in his or its favor against any other Party and that this Release extinguishes such claims.  Thus, each of the Parties expressly waives all rights under any statute or common law principle in any jurisdiction that provides, in effect, that a general release does not extend to claims which the releasing party does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him must have materially affected his settlement with the party being released.

 

(d)                                  Executive acknowledges that he consulted with an attorney of his choosing before signing this the Employment Agreement and this Release, and that the Company provided him with no fewer than twenty-one (21) days during which to consider the provisions of the Employment Agreement and this Release and, specifically the release set forth at Paragraph 2(a), above, although Executive may sign and return the Release sooner if he so chooses.  Executive further acknowledges that he has the right to revoke this Release for a period of seven (7) days after signing it and that this Release shall not become effective until such seven (7)-day period has expired. Executive acknowledges and agrees that if he wishes to revoke this Release, he must do so in writing, and that such revocation must be signed by Executive and received by the Company in care of the Chief Executive Officer no later than 5 p.m. (Eastern Time) on the seventh (7th) day after Executive has signed this Release. Executive acknowledges and agrees that, in the event that he revokes this Release, he shall have no right to receive the Severance Benefit. Executive represents that he has read this Release, including the release set forth in Paragraph 2(a), above, affirms that this Release and the Employment Agreement provide him with benefits to which he would not otherwise be entitled, and understands its terms and that he enters into this Release freely, voluntarily, and without coercion.

 

3.                                        Executive acknowledges that he has received all compensation to which he is entitled for his work up to his last day of employment with the Company, and that he is not entitled to any further pay or benefit of any kind, for services rendered or any other reason, other than the Severance Benefit.

 

4.                                        Executive agrees that the only thing of value that he will receive by signing this Release is the Severance Benefit.

 

5.                                        The Parties agree that their respective rights and obligations under the Employment Agreement shall survive the execution of this Release.

 

6.                                        The parties understand and agree that this Agreement shall not be construed as an admission of liability on the part of any person or entity, liability being expressly denied.

 

7.                                        Executive represents and warrants to the Company that, prior to the Effective Date, Executive did not disclose to any person, other than to Executive’s spouse, tax advisor and counsel, the terms of this Agreement or the circumstances under which the matter that is the subject of this Agreement has been resolved.  After the Effective Date, neither Executive,

 

22



 

counsel for Executive, nor any other person under Executive’s control shall disclose any term of this Agreement or the circumstances of Executive’s separation from the Company, except that Executive may disclose such information to Executive’s spouse, or as required by subpoena or court order, or to an attorney or accountant to the extent necessary to obtain professional advice.  Executive shall not be entitled to rely upon the foregoing exception for disclosures pursuant to subpoena or court order unless Executive has given the Company written notice, within three business days following service of the subpoena or court order.

 

8.                                        Executive covenants never to disparage or speak ill of the Company or any the Company product or service, or of any past or present employee, officer or director of the Company, nor shall Executive at any time harass or behave unprofessionally toward any past, present or future the Company employee, officer or director.

 

9.                                        Executive acknowledges that because of Executive’s position with the Company, Executive may possess information that may be relevant to or discoverable in connection with claims, litigation or judicial, arbitral or investigative proceedings initiated by a private party or by a regulator, governmental entity, or self-regulatory organization, that relates to or arises from matters with which Executive was involved during Executive’s employment with the Company, or that concern matters of which Executive has information or knowledge (collectively, a “Proceeding”). Executive agrees that Executive shall testify truthfully in connection with any such Proceeding, shall cooperate with the Company in connection with every such Proceeding, and that Executive’s duty of cooperation shall include an obligation to meet with the Company representatives and/or counsel concerning all such Proceedings for such purposes, and at such times and places, as the Company reasonably requests, and to appear for deposition and/or testimony upon the Company’s request and without a subpoena.  The Company shall reimburse Executive for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses that Executive incurs in honoring Executive’s obligation of cooperation under this Section 9.

 

10.                                  Miscellaneous Terms and Conditions

 

(a)                                   Each party understands and agrees that Executive or it assumes all risk that the facts or law may be, or become, different than the facts or law as believed by the party at the time Executive or it executes this Agreement.  Executive and the Company acknowledge that their relationship precludes any affirmative obligation of disclosure, and expressly disclaim all reliance upon information supplied or concealed by the adverse party or its counsel in connection with the negotiation and/or execution of this Agreement.

 

(b)                                  The parties warrant and represent that they have been offered no promise or inducement except as expressly provided in this Agreement, and that this Agreement is not in violation of or in conflict with any other agreement of either party.

 

(c)                                   All covenants and warranties contained in this Agreement are contractual and shall survive the closing of this Agreement.

 

(d) Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding in all respects upon, and shall inure to the benefit of, the parties’ heirs, successors and assigns.

 

23



 

(e)                                   Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, irrespective of the choice of law rules of any jurisdiction.

 

(f)                                     Should any provision of this Agreement be declared illegal or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction and cannot be modified to be enforceable, such provision shall immediately become null and void, leaving the remainder of this Agreement in full force and effect. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Section 2(a), above, is declared void or unenforceable, then this Agreement shall be null and void and both parties shall be restored to the positions that they occupied before the Agreement’s execution (meaning that, among other things, all sums paid by the Company pursuant to Section 1, above, shall be immediately refunded to the Company); provided that in such circumstances this Agreement and the facts and circumstances relating to its execution shall be inadmissible in any later proceeding between the parties, and the statutes of limitations applicable to claims asserted in the proceeding shall be deemed to have been tolled for the period between the Effective Date and 10 days after the date on which Section 2(a) is declared unenforceable.

 

(g)                                  This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties and a complete merger of prior negotiations and agreements.

 

(h)                                  This Agreement shall not be modified except in a writing signed by the parties.

 

(i)                                      Waiver.  No term or condition of this Agreement shall be deemed to have been waived, nor shall there be an estoppel against the enforcement of any provision of this Agreement, except by a writing signed by the party charged with the waiver or estoppel.  No waiver of any breach of this Agreement shall be deemed a waiver of any later breach of the same provision or any other provision of this Agreement.

 

(j)                                      Headings are intended solely as a convenience and shall not control the meaning or interpretation of any provision of this Agreement.

 

(k)                                   Pronouns contained in this Agreement shall apply equally to the feminine, neuter and masculine genders.  The singular shall include the plural, and the plural shall include the singular.

 

(l)                                      Each party shall promptly execute, acknowledge and deliver any additional document or agreement that the other party reasonably believes is necessary to carry out the purpose or effect of this Agreement.

 

(m)                                Any party contesting the validity or enforceability of any term of this Agreement shall be required to prove by clear and convincing evidence fraud, concealment, failure to disclose material information, unconscionability, misrepresentation or mistake of fact or law.

 

(n)                                  The parties acknowledge that they have reviewed this Agreement in its entirety and have had a full and fair opportunity to negotiate its terms and to consult with counsel of their own choosing concerning the meaning and effect of this Agreement.  Each party therefore waives all applicable rules of construction that any provision of this Agreement should

 

24



 

be construed against its drafter, and agrees that all provisions of the agreement shall be construed as a whole, according to the fair meaning of the language used.

 

(o)                                  Every dispute arising from or relating to this Agreement shall be tried only in the state or federal courts situated in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The parties consent to venue in those courts, and agree that those courts shall have personal jurisdiction over them in, and subject matter jurisdiction concerning, any such action.

 

(p)                                  In any action relating to or arising from this Agreement, or involving its application, the party substantially prevailing shall recover from the other party the expenses incurred by the prevailing party in connection with the action, including court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees.

 

(q)                                  This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, or by copies transmitted by telecopier, all of which shall be given the same force and effect as the original.

 

[SIGNATURES FOLLOW]

 

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NOTE: DO NOT SIGN THIS SUPPLEMENTAL LEGAL RELEASE UNTIL AFTER EXECUTIVE’S FINAL DAY OF EMPLOYMENT.

 

ROSETTA STONE LTD.

 

EXECUTIVE

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

[name, title]

 

Brian Helman

 

 

 

Date:

 

 

Date:

 

 

26




Exhibit 10.16

 

EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

 

THIS EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this Agreement” ) is made as of February 20, 2009, between Rosetta Stone Ltd., a Delaware corporation (together with its successors and assigns, the Company” ), and Eric Eichmann ( “Executive” ).

 

Recitals

 

A.             The Company and Executive desire to enter into an agreement pursuant to which the Company will employ Executive as its Chief Operating Officer subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

Agreement

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and promises contained herein, the parties agree as follows:

 

1.              Employment .

 

The Company hereby engages Executive to serve as the Chief Operating Officer of the Company, and Executive agrees to serve the Company, during the Service Term (as defined in Section 4 below) in the capacities, and subject to the terms and conditions, set forth in this Agreement.

 

2.              Duties.

 

During the Service Term, Executive, as Chief Operating Officer of the Company, shall have all the duties and responsibilities customarily rendered by Chief Operating Officers of companies of similar size and nature and such other duties and responsibilities as may be delegated from time to time by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer of the Company in their sole discretion.  Executive will report to the Chief Executive Officer.

 

Executive will devote his best efforts and substantially all of his business time and attention (except for vacation periods and periods of illness or other incapacity) to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries. With the consent of the Chief Executive Officer, Executive will be permitted to serve on the boards of other companies so long as such service does not unreasonably interfere with his duties to the Company.

 

3.              Salary, Bonus and Benefits.

 

The Board shall make all decisions related to Executive’s base salary and the payment of bonuses, if any.  Executive’s Annual Base Salary and other compensation will be reviewed by the Board at least annually.

 

(a)            Base Salary.   During the Service Term, the Company will pay Executive a base salary (the “Annual Base Salary” ) as the Board may designate from time to time. The initial Annual Base Salary shall be at the rate of $280,000 per annum in accordance with the

 

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Company’s customary payroll practices (minus all applicable withholdings).  Executive’s Annual Base Salary for any partial year will be prorated based upon the number of days elapsed in such year.  The Annual Base Salary may be increased (but not decreased) from time to time during the Service Term by the Board based upon the Company’s and Executive’s performance.

 

(b)            Bonus Plan; Equity Awards Executive shall be eligible to receive an annual bonus in accordance with Company bonus policy to be established by the Board from time to time (the Annual Bonus” ) The Annual Bonus, if any, will be determined by the Board based upon the Company’s annual achievement of financial performance goals and other annual objectives as determined by the Board in good faith for each fiscal year of the Company.  For 2009, Executive will be eligible to receive an Annual Bonus of up to fifty percent (50%) of his 2009 Annual Base Salary upon 100% achievement of 2009 annual objectives.  For subsequent years, the Annual Bonus target as a percentage of then-current Annual Base Salary, may be adjusted, but may not be less than 50% of the Executive’s then-current Annual Base Salary.

 

(c)            Benefits.

 

(i)             Executive and, to the extent eligible, his dependents, shall be entitled to participate in and receive all benefits under any welfare or pension benefit plans and programs made available to the Company’s senior level executives or to its employees generally (including, without limitation, medical, disability and life insurance programs, accidental death and dismemberment protection, leave and participation in retirement plans and deferred compensation plans), subject, however, to the generally applicable eligibility and other provisions of the various plans and programs and laws and regulations in effect from time to time.

 

(ii)            The Company shall reimburse Executive for all reasonable, ordinary and necessary business, travel or entertainment expenses incurred during the Service Term in the performance of his services hereunder in accordance with the policies of the Company as they are from time to time in effect. Executive, as a condition precedent to obtaining such payment or reimbursement, shall provide to the Company any and all statements, bills or receipts evidencing the travel or out-of-pocket expenses for which Executive seeks payment or reimbursement, and any other information or materials, which the Company may from time to time reasonably require.  The Company shall pay Executive the amount of such an expense by the last day of Executive’s taxable year following the taxable year in which Executive incurred such expense.  The expenses that are subject to reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  shall not be limited as a result of when the expenses are incurred.  The amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  during a given taxable year of Executive shall not affect the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement in any other taxable year of Executive.  The right to reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.

 

(iii)          Executive shall be entitled to paid vacation of up to 22 days per annum (27 days per annum beginning January 1, 2011) which shall accrue pro rata during the applicable year and shall be entitled to medical, disability, family and other leave

 

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in accordance with Company policies as in effect from time to time for senior executives.

 

(iv)           Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained above, the Company shall be entitled to terminate or reduce any employee benefit enjoyed by Executive pursuant to the provisions of this Section 3(c) , but only if such reduction is part of an across-the-board reduction applicable to all executives of the Company who are entitled to such benefit.

 

4.              Employment Term.

 

Unless Executive’s employment under this Agreement is sooner terminated as a result of Executive’s resignation or termination in accordance with the provisions of Section 5 below, Executive’s term of employment (“ Service Term” ) under this Agreement shall commence on the date hereof and shall continue for a period of one year, and at the end of each day it shall renew and extend automatically for an additional day so that the remaining Service Term is always one year; provided , however , that either party may terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 5 below for any reason, with or without Cause or with or without Good Reason, as the case may be, at any time upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to the other party of its decision to terminate (except in the event of termination for Cause, whereupon Executive’s termination shall be effective immediately upon written notice thereof except for any required grace periods for “Cause” as otherwise set forth below).

 

5.              Termination.

 

Executive’s employment with the Company shall cease upon the first of the following events to occur:

 

(a)            Executive’s death.

 

(b)            Executive’s voluntary retirement at age 65 or older.

 

(c)            Executive’s disability, which means his incapacity due to physical or mental illness such that he is unable to perform the essential functions of his previously assigned duties where (1) such incapacity has been determined to exist by either (x) the Company’s disability insurance carrier or (y) by the concurring opinions of two licensed physicians (one selected by the Company and one by Executive), and (2) the Chief Executive Officer has determined, based on competent medical advice, that such incapacity will likely last for a continuous period of at six (6) months.  Any such termination for disability shall be only as expressly permitted by the Americans with Disabilities Act.

 

(d)            Termination by the Company by the delivery to Executive of a written notice from the Chief Executive Officer that Executive has been terminated (“Notice of Termination”) with or without Cause.  “Cause” shall mean termination for any of the following:

 

(i)             Executive’s (A) commission of a felony or a crime involving moral turpitude or the commission of any other act or omission involving dishonesty in the performance of his duties to the Company or fraud; (B) substantial and

 

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repeated failure to perform duties of the office held by Executive as reasonably directed by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer; (C) gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (D) material breach of this Agreement not cured within ten (10) days after receipt of written notice thereof from the Company; (E) failure, within ten (10) days after receipt by Executive of written notice thereof from the Company, to correct, cease or otherwise alter any failure to comply with instructions or other action or omission which the Chief Executive Officer reasonably believes does or may materially or adversely affect its business or operations; (F) misconduct which is of such a serious or substantial nature that a reasonable likelihood exists that such misconduct will materially injure the reputation of the Company or its Subsidiaries if Executive were to remain employed by the Company; (G) harassing or discriminating against the Company’s employees, customers or vendors in violation of the Company’s policies with respect to such matters; (H) misappropriation of funds or assets of the Company for personal use or willful violation of Company policies or standards of business conduct as determined in good faith by the Chief Executive Officer; and/or (I) failure due to some action or inaction on the part of Executive to have immigration status that permits Executive to maintain full-time employment with the Company in the United States in compliance with all applicable immigration laws.

 

(e)            Executive’s voluntary resignation by the delivery to the Chief Executive Officer of a written notice from Executive that Executive has resigned with or without Good Reason. Good Reason” shall mean Executive’s resignation from employment with the Company within thirty (30) days after (i) a material diminution in Executive’s annual salary, duties, authority or responsibilities from the annual salary, duties, authority or responsibilities as in effect at the commencement of the Service Term, (ii) the Company’s failure to perform any material obligation undertaken by the Company to Executive hereunder after Executive has provided the Company with written notice of such failure and such failure has not thereafter been cured within ten (10) days of the delivery of such written notice or (iii) notice by the Company to Executive that his primary place of employment is to be relocated to a geographic area more than 50 miles from Arlington, Virginia, without Executive’s consent.

 

6.              Rights on Termination.

 

(a)            If during the Service Term Executive’s employment is terminated under Section 5 above (x) by the Company without Cause or (y) by Executive with Good Reason, then:

 

(i)             The Company shall pay to Executive, at the times specified in Section 6(a)(vii)  below, the following amounts (the “Severance Payments” ):

 

(1)            the Accrued Obligation;

 

(2)            Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the effective date of the termination of Executive’s employment (the Termination Date” ) for periods following his Separation From Service, to the extent not theretofore paid;

 

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(3)            a lump sum in cash equal to the product of (x) 1/12 of the amount of the Annual Base Salary in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date and (y) 12; and

 

(4)            a lump sum in cash equal to the product of (x) the monthly basic life insurance premium applicable to Executive’s basic life insurance coverage immediately prior to the Termination Date and (y) 12.  Executive may, at his option, convert his basic life insurance coverage to an individual policy after the Termination Date by completing the forms required by the Company for this purpose.

 

(ii)            The Company will pay, when due and payable under the Annual Bonus plan, the pro rata portion, if any, of Executive’s Annual Bonus earned up until such Termination Date.

 

(iii)          Subject to clause (iv), for 12 months following the Termination Date the Company shall arrange to provide Executive and his dependents medical insurance benefits substantially similar to those provided to Executive and his dependents immediately prior to the Termination Date (at no greater cost to Executive than such cost to Executive in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date, or, if greater, the cost to similarly situated active employees of the Company under the applicable group health plan of the Company).  Except for any reimbursements under the applicable group health plan that are subject to a limitation on reimbursements during a specified period, the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement under this Section 6(a)(iii) , or in-kind benefits provided, during Executive’s taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits to be provided, in any other taxable year of Executive.  Executive’s right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits pursuant to this Section 6(a)(iii)  shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.  To the extent that the payments or reimbursements made pursuant to this Section 6(a)(iii)  are taxable to Executive and are not otherwise exempt from Section 409A, if Executive is a Specified Employee, any amounts to which Executive would otherwise be entitled under this Section 6(a)(iii)  during the first six months following the date of Executive’s Separation From Service shall be accumulated and paid to Executive on the date that is six months following the date of his Separation From Service.

 

(iv)           Subject to Executive’s group health plan coverage continuation rights under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended, the benefits listed in clause (iii)  of this Section 6(a)  shall be reduced to the extent  benefits of the same type are received by or made available to Executive during such period, and provided, further, that Executive shall have the obligation to notify the Company that he is entitled to or receiving such benefits.

 

(v)             Payments and benefits provided to Executive under this Section 6 (other than Accrued Obligations) are contingent upon Executive’s execution of a release substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto.

 

(vi)           Executive shall not be permitted to specify the taxable year in which a payment described in this Section 6 shall be made to him.

 

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(vii)          The Company shall pay Executive the amounts specified in Section 6(a)(i)(1)  within thirty (30) days after the Termination Date.  The Company shall pay to Executive the amounts specified in Sections 6(a)(i)(2), (3) and (4)  on the date that is six months following the date of Executive’s Separation From Service.  Further, the Company shall pay to Executive, on the date that is six months following Executive’s Separation From Service, an additional interest amount equal to the amount of interest that would be earned on the amounts specified in Sections 6(a)(i)(2), (3) and (4)  and, to the extent subject to a mandatory six-month delay in payment, the amounts specified in Section 6(a)(iii) , for the period commencing on the date of Executive’s Separation From Service until the date of payment of such amounts, calculated using an interest rate equal to the six month U.S. Treasury Rate in effect on the date of Executive’s Separation From Service.

 

(b)            If the Company terminates Executive’s employment for Cause, if Executive dies or is disabled (as defined in Section 5(c)  above), or if Executive resigns without Good Reason, the Company’s obligations to pay any compensation or benefits under this Agreement will cease effective as of the Termination Date and the Company shall pay to Executive the Accrued Obligation within thirty (30) days following the Termination Date.  The Company shall pay to Executive his Annual Base Salary for periods following his Separation From Service, to the extent not theretofore paid, within thirty (30) days following his Separation From Service if he is not a Specified Employee or on the date that is six months following his Separation From Service if he is a Specified Employee.  Following such payments, the Company shall have no further obligations to Executive other than as may be required by law or the terms of an employee benefit plan of the Company.

 

(c)            Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company’s obligation to Executive for Severance Payments or other rights under either Sections 6(a)  or (b)  above shall cease if Executive is in violation of the provisions of Sections 8 or 9 below.

 

(d)            If the Executive retires at age 65 or older the Company shall pay the Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the retirement date and shall also pay when due and payable under the Annual Bonus plan the pro rata portion of any Annual Bonus that may have been earned by the Executive through the retirement date.  No other amounts will be payable by the Company.

 

7.              Representations of Executive.

 

Executive hereby represents and warrants to the Company that the statements contained in this Section 7 are true and accurate as of the date of this Agreement.

 

(a)            Legal Proceedings .   Executive has not been (i) the subject of any criminal proceeding (other than a traffic violation or other minor offense) which has resulted in a conviction against Executive, nor is Executive the subject of any pending criminal proceeding (other than a traffic violation or other minor offense), (ii) indicted for, or charged in a court of competent jurisdiction with, any felony or crime of moral turpitude, (iii) the defendant in any civil complaint alleging damages in excess of $50,000, or (iv) the defendant in any civil complaint alleging sexual harassment, unfair labor practices or discrimination in the work place.

 

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(b)            Securities Law .   Executive has not been found in a civil action by the Securities and Exchange Commission, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, a state securities authority or any other regulatory agency to have violated any federal, state or other securities or commodities law.

 

(c)            Work History; Immigration Status .   Executive’s resume, previously provided by Executive to the Company, is complete and correct in all material respects, and accurately reflects Executive’s prior work history. Executive has the full legal right to be employed on a full-time basis by the Company in the United States under all applicable immigration laws on the basis of the Company’s continued willingness to employ him on a full-time basis, and has provided the Company with evidence of legal immigration status and will do so at any time upon request. The Company will, if applicable, continue to cooperate with Executive in maintaining Executive’s work visa status and/or any mutually agreeable adjustment of status.

 

(d)            Employment Restrictions Executive is not currently a party to any non competition, non-solicitation, confidentiality or other work-related agreement that limits or restricts Executive’s ability to work in any particular field or in any particular geographic region, whether or not such agreement would be violated by this Agreement.

 

8.              Confidential Information; Proprietary Information, etc.

 

(a)            Obligation to Maintain Confidentiality Executive acknowledges that any Proprietary Information disclosed or made available to Executive or obtained, observed or known by Executive as a direct or indirect consequence of his employment with or performance of services for the Company or any of its Subsidiaries during the course of his performance of services for, or employment with, any of the foregoing Persons (whether or not compensated for such services) and during the period in which Executive is receiving Severance Payments, are the property of the Company and its Subsidiaries. Therefore, Executive agrees that, other than in the course of performance of his duties as an employee of the Company, he will not at any time (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment) disclose or permit to be disclosed to any Person or, directly or indirectly, utilize for his own account or permit to be utilized by any Person any Proprietary Information or records pertaining to the Company, its Subsidiaries and their respective business for any reason whatsoever without the Chief Executive Officer’s consent, unless and to the extent that (except as otherwise provided in the definition of Proprietary Information) the aforementioned matters become generally known to and available for use by the public other than as a direct or indirect result of Executive’s acts or omissions to act. Executive agrees to deliver to the Company at the termination of his employment, as a condition to receipt of the next or final payment of compensation, or at any other time the Company may request in writing (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment), all records pertaining to the Company, its Subsidiaries and their respective business which he may then possess or have under his control. Executive further agrees that any property situated on the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ premises and owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries, including disks and other storage media, filing cabinets or other work areas, is subject to inspection by Company or its Subsidiaries and their personnel at any time with or without notice. Nothing in this Section 8(a)  shall be construed to prevent Executive from using his general knowledge and experience in future employment so long as Executive complies with this Section 8(a)  and the other restrictions contained in this Agreement.

 

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(b)            Ownership of Property Executive acknowledges that all inventions, innovations, improvements, developments, methods, processes, programs, designs, analyses, drawings, reports and all similar or related information (whether or not patentable) that relate to the Company’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ actual or anticipated business, research and development, or existing or future products or services and that are conceived, developed, contributed to, made, or reduced to practice by Executive (either solely or jointly with others) while employed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (including any of the foregoing that constitutes any Proprietary Information or records) ( “Work Product” ) belong to the Company or such Subsidiary and Executive hereby assigns, and agrees to assign, all of the above Work Product to the Company or such Subsidiary. Any copyrightable work prepared in whole or in part by Executive in the course of his work for any of the foregoing entities shall be deemed a “work made for hire” under the copyright laws, and the Company or such Subsidiary shall own all rights therein. To the extent that any such copyrightable work is not a “work made for hire,” Executive hereby assigns and agrees to assign to Company or such Subsidiary all right, title and interest, including without limitation, copyright in and to such copyrightable work. Executive shall promptly disclose such Work Product and copyrightable work to the Chief Executive Officer and perform all actions reasonably requested by the Chief Executive Officer (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment) to establish and confirm the Company’s or its Subsidiary’s ownership (including, without limitation, execution of assignments, consents, powers of attorney and other instruments). Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 8(b)  to the contrary, the Company’s ownership of Work Product does not apply to any invention that Executive develops entirely on his own time without using the equipment, supplies or facilities of the Company or Subsidiaries or any Proprietary Information (including trade secrets), except that the Company’s ownership of Work Product does include those inventions that: (i) relate to the business of the Company or its Subsidiaries or to the actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development relating to the Company’s business; or (ii) result from any work that Executive performs for the Company or its Subsidiaries.

 

(c)            Third Party Information Executive understands that the Company and its Subsidiaries will receive from third parties confidential or proprietary information ( “Third Party Information” ) subject to a duty on the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ part to maintain the confidentiality of such information and to use it only for certain limited purposes. During the term of Executive’s employment and thereafter, and without in any way limiting the provisions of Sections 8(a)  and 8 (b)  above, Executive shall hold Third Party Information in the strictest confidence and shall not disclose to anyone (other than personnel of the Company or its Subsidiaries who need to know such information in connection with their work for the Company or its Subsidiaries) or use, except in connection with his work for the Company or its Subsidiaries, Third Party Information unless expressly authorized by the Chief Executive Officer in writing.

 

(d)            Use of Information of Prior Employers, etc Executive will abide by any enforceable obligations contained in any agreements that Executive has entered into with his prior employers or other parties to whom Executive has an obligation of confidentiality.

 

(e)            Compelled Disclosure If Executive is required by law or governmental regulation or by subpoena or other valid legal process to disclose any Proprietary Information or Third Party Information to any Person, Executive will immediately provide the Company with

 

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written notice of the applicable law, regulation or process so that the Company may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy.  Executive will cooperate fully with the Company and the Company’s representatives in any attempt by the Company to obtain any such protective order or other remedy. If the Company elects not to seek, or is unsuccessful in obtaining, any such protective order or other remedy in connection with any requirement that Executive disclose Proprietary Information or Third Party Information then Executive may disclose such Proprietary Information or Third Party Information to the extent legally required; provided, however, that Executive will use his reasonable best efforts to ensure that such Proprietary Information is treated confidentially by each Person to whom it is disclosed.

 

9.              Noncompetition and Nonsolicitation.

 

(a)            Noncompetition . As long as Executive is an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, and for a period ending twelve (12) months following the Termination Date of Executive’s employment (the Restrictive Covenant Period” ), Executive shall not, directly or indirectly own, manage, control, participate in, consult with, render services for, or in any manner engage in any business competing with the business of producing and selling software used for learning foreign languages, including English as a foreign language or any other businesses then carried on by the Company or its Subsidiaries (the Business” ) in any geographic area in which: (i) Executive acted as an employee of the Company or its Subsidiaries and had contact with the customers of the Company or its Subsidiaries during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date, and (ii) the Company or its Subsidiaries is conducting business or has conducted business during the Restrictive Covenant Period.

 

(b)            Nonsolicitation As long as Executive is an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, and during the Restrictive Covenant Period thereafter, Executive shall not directly or indirectly through another entity:  (i) induce or attempt to induce any employee of the Company or any Subsidiary to leave the employ of the Company or such Subsidiary, or in any way interfere with the relationship between the Company or any Subsidiary and any employee thereof; (ii) hire or employ any person who was an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date; (iii) induce or attempt to induce any customer, supplier, licensee or other business relation of the Company or any Subsidiary to cease doing business with the Company or such Subsidiary, or in any way interfere with the relationship between any such customer, supplier, licensee or business relation and the Company or any Subsidiary; (iv) solicit or provide services related to the Business to any Person who was a customer or client of the Company or any Subsidiary at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date; or (v) solicit or provide services related to the Business to any Prospective Customer. For purposes hereof, a Prospective Customer” means any Person whom the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has entertained discussions with to become a client or customer at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date and who has not explicitly rejected a business relationship with the Company.

 

(c)            Acknowledgment Executive  acknowledges  that  in  the  course  of his employment with the Company and its Subsidiaries, he has and will become familiar with the trade secrets and other Proprietary Information of the Company and its Subsidiaries. Executive further acknowledges that as the Chief Operating Officer of the Company, Executive has and

 

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will have direct or indirect responsibility, oversight or duties with respect to the businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries and its and their current and prospective employees, vendors, customers, clients and other business relations, and that, accordingly, the geographical restriction contained in this Section 9 is reasonable in all respects and necessary to protect the goodwill and Proprietary Information of the Company and that without such protection the Company’s customer and client relations and competitive advantage would be materially adversely affected.  It is specifically recognized by Executive that his services to the Company and its Subsidiaries are special, unique and of extraordinary value, that the Company has a protectable interest in prohibiting Executive as provided in this Section 9 , that Executive is responsible for the growth and development of the Company and the creation and preservation of the Company’s goodwill, that money damages are insufficient to protect such interests, that there is adequate consideration being provided to Executive hereunder, that such prohibitions are necessary and appropriate without regard to payments being made to Executive hereunder and that the Company would not enter this Agreement  with  Executive  without  the  restriction  of  this  Section 9 .  Executive  further acknowledges that the restrictions contained in this Section 9 do not impose an undue hardship on him and, since he has general business skills that may be used in industries other than that in which the Company and its Subsidiaries conduct their business, do not deprive Executive of his livelihood. Executive further acknowledges that the provisions of this Section 9 are separate and independent of the other sections of this Agreement.

 

(d)            Enforcement, etc If, at the time of enforcement of Section 8 or 9 of this Agreement, a court holds that the restrictions stated herein are unreasonable under circumstances then existing, the parties hereto agree that the maximum duration, scope or geographical area reasonable under such circumstances as determined by the court shall be substituted for the stated period, scope or area.  Because Executive’s services are unique, because Executive has access to Proprietary Information and for the other reasons set forth herein, the parties hereto agree that money damages would be an inadequate remedy for any breach of this Agreement. Therefore, without limiting the generality of Section 12(f), in the event of a breach or threatened breach of this Agreement, the Company or its successors or assigns may, in addition to other rights and remedies existing in their favor, apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for specific performance and/or injunctive or other relief in order to enforce, or prevent any violations of, the provisions hereof (without posting a bond or other security).

 

(e)            Submission to Jurisdiction The parties hereby: (i) submit to the jurisdiction of any state or federal court sitting in the Commonwealth of Virginia in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to Section 8 and/or 9 of this Agreement; (ii) agree that all claims in respect of such action or proceeding may be heard or determined in any such court; and (iii) agree not to bring any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to Section 8 and/or 9 of this Agreement in any other court. The parties hereby waive any defense of inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any action or proceeding so brought. The parties hereby agree that a final judgment in any action or proceeding so brought shall be conclusive and may be enforced by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.

 

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GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

10.                                Definitions.

 

Accrued Obligation means the sum of (a) Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the Termination Date for periods through but not following his Separation From Service and (b) any accrued vacation pay earned by Executive, in each case, to the extent not theretofore paid.

 

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any particular Person, any other Person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such particular Person. A Subsidiary of the Company shall be an Affiliate of the Company.

 

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any committee of the Board, such as the Compensation Committee, to which the Board has delegated applicable authority.

 

Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

“Person” means any individual or corporation, association, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, joint stock or other company, business trust, trust, organization, university, college, governmental authority or other entity of any kind.

 

“Proprietary Information” means any and all data and information concerning the business affairs of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and not generally known in the industry in which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become engaged, and any other information concerning any matters affecting or relating to the Company’s or its Subsidiaries businesses, but in any event Proprietary Information shall include, any of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ past, present or prospective business opportunities, including information concerning acquisition opportunities in or reasonably related to the Company’s or its Subsidiaries businesses or industries, customers, customer lists, clients, client lists, the prices the Company and its Subsidiaries obtain or have obtained from the sale of, or at which they sell or have sold, their products, unit volume of sales to past or present customers and clients, or any other information concerning the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, their manner of operation, their plans, processes, figures, sales figures, projections, estimates, tax records, personnel history, accounting procedures, promotions, supply sources, contracts, know-how, trade secrets, information relating to research, development, inventions, technology, manufacture, purchasing, engineering, marketing, merchandising or selling, or other data without regard to whether all of the foregoing matters will be deemed confidential, material or important. Proprietary Information does not include any information that Executive has obtained from a Person other than an employee of the Company or a Subsidiary, which was disclosed to him without a breach of a duty of confidentiality.

 

Section 409A ” means s ection 409A of the Code and the final Department of Treasury regulations issued thereunder.

 

Separation From Service shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 409A.

 

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Specified Employee means a person who is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A, taking into account the elections made and procedures established in resolutions adopted by the Board.

 

“Subsidiary” means any company of which the Company owns securities having a majority of the ordinary voting power in electing the board of directors directly or through one or more subsidiaries.

 

11.                                Notices.

 

Any notice provided for in this Agreement must be in writing and must be mailed, personally delivered or sent by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid) to the recipient at the address below indicated:

 

If to the Company :

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.
1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

Attention:  Chief Executive Officer

 

 

With a copy to

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.
1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

Attention:  General Counsel

 

If to Executive :

 

Eric Eichmann
c/o Rosetta Stone Ltd.

1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

 

or such other address or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party shall have specified by prior written notice to the sending party. Any notice under this Agreement will be deemed to have been given when delivered or, if mailed, five (5) business days after deposit in the U.S. mail.

 

12.                                Miscellaneous.

 

(a)                                   Severability Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement will be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any

 

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applicable law or rule in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other provision or any other jurisdiction, but this Agreement will be reformed, construed and enforced in such jurisdiction as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein.

 

(b)                                   Complete Agreement This Agreement, those documents expressly referred to herein and other documents of even date herewith embody the complete agreement and understanding among the parties and supersede and preempt any prior understandings, agreements or representations by or among the parties, written or oral, which may have related to the subject matter hereof in any way , including, without limitation, that certain offer letter between the Company and Executive dated as of July 12, 2006.

 

(c)                                   Counterparts; Facsimile Transmission This Agreement may be executed in separate counterparts, each of which is deemed to be an original and all of which taken together constitute one and the same agreement. Each party to this Agreement agrees that its own telecopied signature will bind it and that it accepts the telecopied signature of each other party to this Agreement.

 

(d)                                   Successors and Assigns .  Except as otherwise provided herein, this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by Executive, the Company and their respective successors and assigns; provided that the rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement shall not be assignable without the prior written consent of the other party, except for assignments by operation of law and assignments by the Company to any successor of the Company by merger, consolidation, combination or sale of assets. Any purported assignment in violation of these provisions shall be void ab initio.

 

(e)                                   Choice of Law; Jurisdiction All questions or disputes concerning this Agreement and the exhibits hereto will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the Commonwealth of Virginia or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The parties hereby: (i) submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any state or federal court sitting in the Commonwealth of Virginia in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement; and (ii) agree that all claims in respect of such action or proceeding may be heard or determined in any such court. Each party hereby waives any defense of inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any action or proceeding so brought. The parties hereby agree that a final judgment in any action or proceeding so brought shall be conclusive and may be enforced by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.

 

(f)                                     Remedies Each of the parties to this Agreement will be entitled to enforce its rights under this Agreement specifically, to recover damages and costs (including attorney’s fees) caused by any breach of any provision of this Agreement and to exercise all other rights existing in its favor. The parties hereto agree and acknowledge that money damages may not be an adequate remedy for any breach of the provisions of this Agreement and that any party may in its sole discretion apply to any court of law or equity of competent jurisdiction (without posting any bond or deposit) for specific performance and/or other injunctive relief in order to enforce or prevent any violations of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

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(g)                                  Amendment and Waiver The provisions of this Agreement may be amended or waived only with the prior written consent of the Company and Executive.

 

(h)                                  Business Days If any time period for giving notice or taking action hereunder expires on a day which is a Saturday, Sunday or holiday in the state in which the Company’s chief executive office is located, the time period shall be automatically extended to the business day immediately following, such Saturday, Sunday or holiday.  The provisions of this Section 12(h)  shall not apply to determine the date an amount is payable under Section 3(c)(ii)  or 6 .

 

(i)                                     Termination This Agreement (except for the provisions of Sections 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 12 and 13 ) shall survive the termination of Executive’s employment with the Company and shall remain in full force and effect after such termination.

 

(j)                                     No Waiver A waiver by any party hereto of any right or remedy hereunder on any one occasion shall not be construed as a bar to any right or remedy that such party would otherwise have on any future occasion. Neither failure to exercise nor any delay in exercising on the part of any party hereto, any right, power or privilege hereunder shall preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. The rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative and may be exercised singly or concurrently, and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law.

 

(k)                                 Insurance The Company, at its discretion, may apply for and procure in its own name for its own benefit life and/or disability insurance with respect to Executive in any amount or amounts considered available provided, however, that such procurement of insurance does not restrict the amount of insurance that Executive may obtain for his own personal use. Executive agrees to cooperate in any medical or other examination, supply any information, and to execute and deliver any applications or other instruments in writing as may be reasonably necessary to obtain and constitute such insurance. Executive hereby represents that he has no reason to believe that his life is not insurable at rates now prevailing for healthy men of his age.

 

(l)                                     Withholding of Taxes on Behalf of Executive The Company and its Subsidiaries shall be entitled to deduct or withhold from any amounts owing from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to Executive any federal, state, provincial, local or foreign withholding taxes, excise taxes, or employment taxes ( “Taxes” ) imposed with respect to Executive’s compensation or other payments from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or Executive’s ownership interest in the Company, including, but not limited to, wages, bonuses, dividends, the receipt or exercise of stock options and/or the receipt or vesting of restricted stock.

 

(m)                               Waiver of Jury Trial BOTH PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT AGREE THAT ANY ACTION, DEMAND, CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM RELATING TO THE TERMS AND PROVISIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT, OR TO ITS BREACH, MAY BE COMMENCED IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA IN A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION.  BOTH PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT FURTHER AGREE THAT ANY ACTION, DEMAND, CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM SHALL BE RESOLVED BY A JUDGE ALONE, AND BOTH PARTIES HEREBY WAIVE AND FOREVER RENOUNCE THAT RIGHT TO A TRIAL BEFORE A CIVIL JURY.

 

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13.                                Certain Additional Payments by the Company.

 

(a)                                   Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding and except as set forth below, in the event it shall be determined that any payment or distribution by, or benefit from, the Company or an Affiliate or any person who acquires ownership or effective control or ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets (within the meaning of section 280G of the Code) or by any Affiliate of such person, to or for the benefit of Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 13 ) (a “ Payment ”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by section 4999 of the Code or any interest or penalties are incurred by Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “ Excise Tax ”), then Executive shall be entitled to receive an additional payment (a “ Gross-Up Payment ”) in an amount such that after payment by Executive of all taxes (including any interest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes), including without limitation, any income taxes (and any interest and penalties imposed with respect thereto) and Excise Tax imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments.  Any Gross-Up Payment that the Company is required to make to reimburse Executive for federal, state and local taxes imposed upon Executive, including the amount of additional taxes imposed upon Executive due to the Company’s payment of the initial taxes on such amounts, shall be made by the Company by the end of Executive’s taxable year next following Executive’s taxable year in which Executive remits the related taxes to the taxing authority.

 

(b)                                   Subject to the provisions of Section 13(c) , all determinations required to be made under this Section 13 , including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determination, shall be made by a nationally recognized accounting firm that is (i) not serving as accountant or auditor for the person who acquires ownership or effective control or ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets (within the meaning of section 280G of the Code) or any Affiliate of such person and (ii) agreed upon by the Company and Executive (the “ Accounting Firm ”).  The Accounting Firm shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and Executive within 15 business days after appointment by the Company and Executive and receipt of notice from Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company.  All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company.  Any Gross-Up Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 13 , shall be paid by the Company to Executive within five days after the receipt of the Accounting Firm’s determination and in no event later than the payment deadline specified in Section 13(a) .  Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and Executive.  As a result of the uncertainty in the application of section 4999 of the Code at the time of the initial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments that will not have been made by the Company should have been made (“ Underpayment ”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder.  In the event that the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 13(c)  and Executive thereafter is required to make a payment of any Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive.

 

15



 

(c)                                   Executive shall notify the Company in writing of any claim by the Internal Revenue Service, state or other taxing authority (“ Taxing Authority ”) that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment (or an additional Gross-Up Payment) in the event the Taxing Authority seeks higher payment.  Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable, but no later than ten business days after Executive is informed in writing of such claim, and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is requested to be paid.  Executive shall not pay such claim prior to the expiration of the 30-day period following the date on which he gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due).  If the Company notifies Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, Executive shall:

 

(i)                                     give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim,

 

(ii)                                 take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company,

 

(iii)                             cooperate with the Company in good faith in order to effectively contest such claim, and

 

(iv)                                permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred at any time during the period that ends ten years following the lifetime of Executive in connection with such proceedings and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax and income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses.  Without limitation on the foregoing provisions of this Section 13(c) , the Company shall control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the Taxing Authority in respect of such claim and may, at its sole option, either direct Executive to pay the tax claimed and sue for a refund or contest the claim in any permissible manner, and Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; provided, however, that if the Company directs Executive to pay such claim and sue for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to Executive, on an interest-free basis and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance; and further provided that any extension of the statute of limitations relating to payment of taxes for the taxable year of Executive with respect to which such contested amount is claimed to be due is limited solely to such contested amount.  The Company shall not direct Executive to pay such a claim and sue for a refund if, due to the prohibitions of section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Company may not advance to Executive the amount necessary to pay such claim.  The Company’s control of the contest shall be limited to

 

16



 

issues with respect to which a Gross-Up Payment would be payable hereunder and Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issues raised by the Taxing Authority.  The costs and expenses that are subject to be paid pursuant to this Section 13(c)  shall not be limited as a result of when the costs or expenses are incurred.  The amounts of costs or expenses that are eligible for payment pursuant to this Section 13(c)(iv)  during a given taxable year of Executive shall not affect the amount of costs or expenses eligible for payment in any other taxable year of Executive.  The right to payment of costs and expenses pursuant to this Section 13(c)(iv)  is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.  Any payment due under this Section 13(c)(iv)  to reimburse Executive for any taxes shall be made to Executive by the Company by the end of Executive’s taxable year following Executive’s taxable year in which Executive remits the related taxes to the applicable taxing authorities.

 

(d)                                   If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 13(c) , Executive becomes entitled to receive any refund with respect to such claim, Executive shall (subject to the Company’s complying with the requirements of Section 13(c) ) promptly pay to the Company the amount of such refund (together with any interest paid or credited thereon after taxes applicable thereto.  If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 13(c) , a determination is made that Executive shall not be entitled to any refund with respect to such claim and the Company does not notify Executive in writing of its intent to contest such denial of refund prior to the expiration of 30 days after such determination, then such advance shall not be required to be repaid.

 

14.                                Indemnification.

 

During and following the employment period, the Company shall indemnify Executive and hold Executive harmless from and against any claim, loss or cause of action arising from or out of Executive’s performance as an officer, director or employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or in any other capacity, including any fiduciary capacity, in which Executive serves at the request of Company to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law and the Company’s By-Laws. Expenses incurred in defending or investigating a threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of Executive to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company. To the extent that the Company reduces the indemnity rights provided for under its By-Laws after execution of this Agreement, the Company’s indemnity obligations hereunder shall be unaffected (to the extent permitted by applicable law).

 

[Signature pages  follow]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on the date first written above.

 

 

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Tom Adams, Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXECUTIVE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eric Eichmann

 

18


 

EXHIBIT A

 

Form of Release

 

19



 

Legal Release

 

This Legal Release (“ Release ”) is between Rosetta Stone Ltd. (the “ Company ”) and Eric Eichmann (“ Executive ”) (each a “ Party ,” and together, the “ Parties ”). For purposes of this Agreement “Effective Date” shall mean the date on which Executive signs this Agreement.

 

Recitals

 

A.                                    Executive and the Company are parties to a Employment Agreement to which this Release is appended as Exhibit A (the “ Employment Agreement ”).

 

B.                                      Executive wishes to receive the Severance Benefit described Section 6(a) of the Employment Agreement.

 

C.                                      Executive and the Company wish to resolve, except as specifically set forth herein, all claims between them arising from or relating to any act or omission predating the Separation Date defined below.

 

Agreement

 

The Parties agree as follows:

 

1.                                        Confirmation of Severance Benefit Obligation . The Company shall pay or provide to Executive the entire Severance Benefit, as, when and on the terms and conditions specified in the Employment Agreement.

 

2.                                        Legal Releases

 

(a)                                   Executive, on behalf of Executive and Executive’s heirs, personal representatives and assigns, and any other person or entity that could or might act on behalf of Executive, including, without limitation, Executive’s counsel (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Executive Releasers”), hereby fully and forever releases and discharges the Company, its present and future affiliates and subsidiaries, and each of their past, present and future officers, directors, employees, shareholders, independent contractors, attorneys, insurers and any and all other persons or entities that are now or may become liable to any Releaser due to any Executive Releasee’s act or omission, (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Executive Releasees”) of and from any and all actions, causes of action, claims, demands, costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, of every kind and nature whatsoever, in law or in equity, whether now known or unknown, that Executive Releasers, or any person acting under any of them, may now have, or claim at any future time to have, based in whole or in part upon any act or omission occurring on or before the Effective Date, without regard to present actual knowledge of such acts or omissions, including specifically, but not by way of limitation, matters which may arise at common law, such as breach of contract, express or implied, promissory estoppel, wrongful discharge, tortious interference with contractual rights, infliction of emotional distress, defamation, or under federal, state or local laws, such as the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, the National Labor Relations Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Equal Pay Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave

 

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Act, and any civil rights law of any state or other governmental body; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else contained in this Agreement, the release set forth in this Section shall not extend to: (i) any rights arising under this Agreement; (ii) any vested rights under any pension, retirement, profit sharing or similar plan; or (iii) Executive’s rights, if any, to indemnification, and/or defense under any Company certificate of incorporation, bylaw and/or policy or procedure, or under any insurance contract or any indemnification agreement with the Company, in connection with Executive’s acts an omissions within the course and scope of Executive’s employment with the Company.  Executive hereby warrants that Executive has not assigned or transferred to any person any portion of any claim which is released, waived and discharged above. Executive further states and agrees that Executive has not experienced any illness, injury, or disability that is compensable or recoverable under the worker’s compensation laws of any state that was not reported to the Company by Executive before the Effective Date, and Executive agrees not to not file a worker’s compensation claim asserting the existence of any such previously undisclosed illness, injury, or disability. Executive has specifically consulted with counsel with respect to the agreements, representations, and declarations set forth in the previous sentence. Executive understands and agrees that by signing this Agreement Executive is giving up any right to bring any legal claim against the Company concerning, directly or indirectly, Executive’s employment relationship with the Company, including Executive’s separation from employment.  Executive agrees that this legal release is intended to be interpreted in the broadest possible manner in favor of the Company, to include all actual or potential legal claims that Executive may have against the Company, except as specifically provided otherwise in this Agreement.

 

(b)                                  The Company, for itself, its affiliates, and any other person or entity that could or might act on behalf of it including, without limitation, its attorneys (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Company Releasers”), hereby fully and forever release and discharge Executive, Executive’s heirs, representatives, assigns, attorneys, and any and all other persons or entities that are now or may become liable to any Company Releaser on account of Executive’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Company Releasees”) of and from any and all actions, causes of action, claims, demands, costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, of every kind and nature whatsoever, in law or in equity, whether now known or unknown, that the Company Releasers, or any person acting under any of them, may now have, or claim at any future time to have, based in whole or in part upon any act or omission relating to Employee’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom, without regard to present actual knowledge of such acts or omissions; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else contained in this Agreement, the release set forth in this Section shall not extend to: (i) any rights arising under this Agreement; (ii) a breach of fiduciary duty or other misconduct that renders Executive ineligible for indemnification by the Company under applicable law, or any right of recovery by the Company for Executive’s breach of fiduciary duty or misconduct in his capacity as a director of the Company under applicable law; or (iii) any claim or claims that the Company may have against Executive as of the Effective Date of which the Company is not aware as of the Effective Date because of willful concealment by Executive.  The Company understands and agrees that by signing this Agreement, it is giving up its right to bring any legal claim against Executive concerning, directly or indirectly, Executive’s employment relationship with the Company.  The Company agrees that this legal release is intended to be interpreted in the broadest possible manner in favor of Executive, to include all actual or potential legal claims that the Company

 

21



 

may have against Executive relating to Employee’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom, except as specifically provided otherwise in this Agreement.

 

(c)                                   In order to provide a full and complete release, each of the Parties understands and agrees that this Release is intended to include all claims, if any, covered under this Paragraph 2 that such Party may have and not now know or suspect to exist in his or its favor against any other Party and that this Release extinguishes such claims.  Thus, each of the Parties expressly waives all rights under any statute or common law principle in any jurisdiction that provides, in effect, that a general release does not extend to claims which the releasing party does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him must have materially affected his settlement with the party being released.

 

(d)                                  Executive acknowledges that he consulted with an attorney of his choosing before signing this the Employment Agreement and this Release, and that the Company provided him with no fewer than twenty-one (21) days during which to consider the provisions of the Employment Agreement and this Release and, specifically the release set forth at Paragraph 2(a), above, although Executive may sign and return the Release sooner if he so chooses.  Executive further acknowledges that he has the right to revoke this Release for a period of seven (7) days after signing it and that this Release shall not become effective until such seven (7)-day period has expired. Executive acknowledges and agrees that if he wishes to revoke this Release, he must do so in writing, and that such revocation must be signed by Executive and received by the Company in care of the Chief Executive Officer no later than 5 p.m. (Eastern Time) on the seventh (7th) day after Executive has signed this Release. Executive acknowledges and agrees that, in the event that he revokes this Release, he shall have no right to receive the Severance Benefit. Executive represents that he has read this Release, including the release set forth in Paragraph 2(a), above, affirms that this Release and the Employment Agreement provide him with benefits to which he would not otherwise be entitled, and understands its terms and that he enters into this Release freely, voluntarily, and without coercion.

 

3.                                        Executive acknowledges that he has received all compensation to which he is entitled for his work up to his last day of employment with the Company, and that he is not entitled to any further pay or benefit of any kind, for services rendered or any other reason, other than the Severance Benefit.

 

4.                                        Executive agrees that the only thing of value that he will receive by signing this Release is the Severance Benefit.

 

5.                                        The Parties agree that their respective rights and obligations under the Employment Agreement shall survive the execution of this Release.

 

6.                                        The parties understand and agree that this Agreement shall not be construed as an admission of liability on the part of any person or entity, liability being expressly denied.

 

7.                                        Executive represents and warrants to the Company that, prior to the Effective Date, Executive did not disclose to any person, other than to Executive’s spouse, tax advisor and counsel, the terms of this Agreement or the circumstances under which the matter that is the subject of this Agreement has been resolved.  After the Effective Date, neither Executive,

 

22



 

counsel for Executive, nor any other person under Executive’s control shall disclose any term of this Agreement or the circumstances of Executive’s separation from the Company, except that Executive may disclose such information to Executive’s spouse, or as required by subpoena or court order, or to an attorney or accountant to the extent necessary to obtain professional advice.  Executive shall not be entitled to rely upon the foregoing exception for disclosures pursuant to subpoena or court order unless Executive has given the Company written notice, within three business days following service of the subpoena or court order.

 

8.                                        Executive covenants never to disparage or speak ill of the Company or any the Company product or service, or of any past or present employee, officer or director of the Company, nor shall Executive at any time harass or behave unprofessionally toward any past, present or future the Company employee, officer or director.

 

9.                                        Executive acknowledges that because of Executive’s position with the Company, Executive may possess information that may be relevant to or discoverable in connection with claims, litigation or judicial, arbitral or investigative proceedings initiated by a private party or by a regulator, governmental entity, or self-regulatory organization, that relates to or arises from matters with which Executive was involved during Executive’s employment with the Company, or that concern matters of which Executive has information or knowledge (collectively, a “Proceeding”). Executive agrees that Executive shall testify truthfully in connection with any such Proceeding, shall cooperate with the Company in connection with every such Proceeding, and that Executive’s duty of cooperation shall include an obligation to meet with the Company representatives and/or counsel concerning all such Proceedings for such purposes, and at such times and places, as the Company reasonably requests, and to appear for deposition and/or testimony upon the Company’s request and without a subpoena.  The Company shall reimburse Executive for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses that Executive incurs in honoring Executive’s obligation of cooperation under this Section 9.

 

10.                                  Miscellaneous Terms and Conditions

 

(a)                                   Each party understands and agrees that Executive or it assumes all risk that the facts or law may be, or become, different than the facts or law as believed by the party at the time Executive or it executes this Agreement.  Executive and the Company acknowledge that their relationship precludes any affirmative obligation of disclosure, and expressly disclaim all reliance upon information supplied or concealed by the adverse party or its counsel in connection with the negotiation and/or execution of this Agreement.

 

(b)                                  The parties warrant and represent that they have been offered no promise or inducement except as expressly provided in this Agreement, and that this Agreement is not in violation of or in conflict with any other agreement of either party.

 

(c)                                   All covenants and warranties contained in this Agreement are contractual and shall survive the closing of this Agreement.

 

(d) Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding in all respects upon, and shall inure to the benefit of, the parties’ heirs, successors and assigns.

 

23



 

(e)                                   Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, irrespective of the choice of law rules of any jurisdiction.

 

(f)                                     Should any provision of this Agreement be declared illegal or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction and cannot be modified to be enforceable, such provision shall immediately become null and void, leaving the remainder of this Agreement in full force and effect. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Section 2(a), above, is declared void or unenforceable, then this Agreement shall be null and void and both parties shall be restored to the positions that they occupied before the Agreement’s execution (meaning that, among other things, all sums paid by the Company pursuant to Section 1, above, shall be immediately refunded to the Company); provided that in such circumstances this Agreement and the facts and circumstances relating to its execution shall be inadmissible in any later proceeding between the parties, and the statutes of limitations applicable to claims asserted in the proceeding shall be deemed to have been tolled for the period between the Effective Date and 10 days after the date on which Section 2(a) is declared unenforceable.

 

(g)                                  This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties and a complete merger of prior negotiations and agreements.

 

(h)                                  This Agreement shall not be modified except in a writing signed by the parties.

 

(i)                                      Waiver.  No term or condition of this Agreement shall be deemed to have been waived, nor shall there be an estoppel against the enforcement of any provision of this Agreement, except by a writing signed by the party charged with the waiver or estoppel.  No waiver of any breach of this Agreement shall be deemed a waiver of any later breach of the same provision or any other provision of this Agreement.

 

(j)                                      Headings are intended solely as a convenience and shall not control the meaning or interpretation of any provision of this Agreement.

 

(k)                                   Pronouns contained in this Agreement shall apply equally to the feminine, neuter and masculine genders.  The singular shall include the plural, and the plural shall include the singular.

 

(l)                                      Each party shall promptly execute, acknowledge and deliver any additional document or agreement that the other party reasonably believes is necessary to carry out the purpose or effect of this Agreement.

 

(m)                                Any party contesting the validity or enforceability of any term of this Agreement shall be required to prove by clear and convincing evidence fraud, concealment, failure to disclose material information, unconscionability, misrepresentation or mistake of fact or law.

 

(n)                                  The parties acknowledge that they have reviewed this Agreement in its entirety and have had a full and fair opportunity to negotiate its terms and to consult with counsel of their own choosing concerning the meaning and effect of this Agreement.  Each party therefore waives all applicable rules of construction that any provision of this Agreement should

 

24



 

be construed against its drafter, and agrees that all provisions of the agreement shall be construed as a whole, according to the fair meaning of the language used.

 

(o)                                  Every dispute arising from or relating to this Agreement shall be tried only in the state or federal courts situated in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The parties consent to venue in those courts, and agree that those courts shall have personal jurisdiction over them in, and subject matter jurisdiction concerning, any such action.

 

(p)                                  In any action relating to or arising from this Agreement, or involving its application, the party substantially prevailing shall recover from the other party the expenses incurred by the prevailing party in connection with the action, including court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees.

 

(q)                                  This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, or by copies transmitted by telecopier, all of which shall be given the same force and effect as the original.

 

[SIGNATURES FOLLOW]

 

25



 

NOTE: DO NOT SIGN THIS SUPPLEMENTAL LEGAL RELEASE UNTIL AFTER EXECUTIVE’S FINAL DAY OF EMPLOYMENT.

 

 

ROSETTA STONE LTD.

 

EXECUTIVE

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

[name, title]

 

Eric Eichmann

 

 

 

Date:

 

 

Date:

 

 

26




Exhibit 10.17

 

EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

 

THIS EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this Agreement” ) is made as of February 20, 2009, between Rosetta Stone Ltd., a Delaware corporation (together with its successors and assigns, the Company” ), and Gregory Long ( “Executive” ).

 

Recitals

 

A.                                    The Company and Executive desire to enter into an agreement pursuant to which the Company will employ Executive as its Chief Product Officer subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

Agreement

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and promises contained herein, the parties agree as follows:

 

1.                                       Employment .

 

The Company hereby engages Executive to serve as the Chief Product Officer of the Company, and Executive agrees to serve the Company, during the Service Term (as defined in Section 4 below) in the capacities, and subject to the terms and conditions, set forth in this Agreement.

 

2.                                       Duties.

 

During the Service Term, Executive, as Chief Product Officer of the Company, shall have all the duties and responsibilities customarily rendered by Chief Product Officers of companies of similar size and nature and such other duties and responsibilities as may be delegated from time to time by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer of the Company in their sole discretion.  Executive will report to the Chief Executive Officer.

 

Executive will devote his best efforts and substantially all of his business time and attention (except for vacation periods and periods of illness or other incapacity) to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries. With the consent of the Chief Executive Officer, Executive will be permitted to serve on the boards of other companies so long as such service does not unreasonably interfere with his duties to the Company.

 

3.                                       Salary, Bonus and Benefits.

 

The Board shall make all decisions related to Executive’s base salary and the payment of bonuses, if any.  Executive’s Annual Base Salary and other compensation will be reviewed by the Board at least annually.

 

(a)                                   Base Salary.   During the Service Term, the Company will pay Executive a base salary (the “Annual Base Salary” ) as the Board may designate from time to time. The initial Annual Base Salary shall be at the rate of $210,000 per annum in accordance with the

 

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Company’s customary payroll practices (minus all applicable withholdings).  Executive’s Annual Base Salary for any partial year will be prorated based upon the number of days elapsed in such year.  The Annual Base Salary may be increased (but not decreased) from time to time during the Service Term by the Board based upon the Company’s and Executive’s performance.

 

(b)                                   Bonus Plan; Equity Awards Executive shall be eligible to receive an annual bonus in accordance with Company bonus policy to be established by the Board from time to time (the Annual Bonus” ) The Annual Bonus, if any, will be determined by the Board based upon the Company’s annual achievement of financial performance goals and other annual objectives as determined by the Board in good faith for each fiscal year of the Company.  For 2009, Executive will be eligible to receive an Annual Bonus of up to forty percent (40%) of his 2009 Annual Base Salary upon 100% achievement of 2009 annual objectives.  For subsequent years, the Annual Bonus target as a percentage of then-current Annual Base Salary, may be adjusted, but may not be less than 40% of the Executive’s then-current Annual Base Salary.

 

(c)                                   Benefits.

 

(i)                                     Executive and, to the extent eligible, his dependents, shall be entitled to participate in and receive all benefits under any welfare or pension benefit plans and programs made available to the Company’s senior level executives or to its employees generally (including, without limitation, medical, disability and life insurance programs, accidental death and dismemberment protection, leave and participation in retirement plans and deferred compensation plans), subject, however, to the generally applicable eligibility and other provisions of the various plans and programs and laws and regulations in effect from time to time.

 

(ii)                                 The Company shall reimburse Executive for all reasonable, ordinary and necessary business, travel or entertainment expenses incurred during the Service Term in the performance of his services hereunder in accordance with the policies of the Company as they are from time to time in effect. Executive, as a condition precedent to obtaining such payment or reimbursement, shall provide to the Company any and all statements, bills or receipts evidencing the travel or out-of-pocket expenses for which Executive seeks payment or reimbursement, and any other information or materials, which the Company may from time to time reasonably require.  The Company shall pay Executive the amount of such an expense by the last day of Executive’s taxable year following the taxable year in which Executive incurred such expense.  The expenses that are subject to reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  shall not be limited as a result of when the expenses are incurred.  The amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  during a given taxable year of Executive shall not affect the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement in any other taxable year of Executive.  The right to reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.

 

(iii)                             Executive shall be entitled to paid vacation of up to 22 days per annum (27 days per annum beginning January 1, 2011) which shall accrue pro rata during the applicable year and shall be entitled to medical, disability, family and other leave

 

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in accordance with Company policies as in effect from time to time for senior executives.

 

(iv)                                Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained above, the Company shall be entitled to terminate or reduce any employee benefit enjoyed by Executive pursuant to the provisions of this Section 3(c) , but only if such reduction is part of an across-the-board reduction applicable to all executives of the Company who are entitled to such benefit.

 

4.                                       Employment Term.

 

Unless Executive’s employment under this Agreement is sooner terminated as a result of Executive’s resignation or termination in accordance with the provisions of Section 5 below, Executive’s term of employment (“ Service Term” ) under this Agreement shall commence on the date hereof and shall continue for a period of one year, and at the end of each day it shall renew and extend automatically for an additional day so that the remaining Service Term is always one year; provided however , that either party may terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 5 below for any reason, with or without Cause or with or without Good Reason, as the case may be, at any time upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to the other party of its decision to terminate (except in the event of termination for Cause, whereupon Executive’s termination shall be effective immediately upon written notice thereof except for any required grace periods for “Cause” as otherwise set forth below).

 

5.                                       Termination.

 

Executive’s employment with the Company shall cease upon the first of the following events to occur:

 

(a)                                   Executive’s death.

 

(b)                                   Executive’s voluntary retirement at age 65 or older.

 

(c)                                   Executive’s disability, which means his incapacity due to physical or mental illness such that he is unable to perform the essential functions of his previously assigned duties where (1) such incapacity has been determined to exist by either (x) the Company’s disability insurance carrier or (y) by the concurring opinions of two licensed physicians (one selected by the Company and one by Executive), and (2) the Chief Executive Officer has determined, based on competent medical advice, that such incapacity will likely last for a continuous period of at six (6) months.  Any such termination for disability shall be only as expressly permitted by the Americans with Disabilities Act.

 

(d)                                   Termination by the Company by the delivery to Executive of a written notice from the Chief Executive Officer that Executive has been terminated (“Notice of Termination”) with or without Cause.  “Cause” shall mean termination for any of the following:

 

(i)                                     Executive’s (A) commission of a felony or a crime involving moral turpitude or the commission of any other act or omission involving dishonesty in the performance of his duties to the Company or fraud; (B) substantial and

 

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repeated failure to perform duties of the office held by Executive as reasonably directed by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer; (C) gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (D) material breach of this Agreement not cured within ten (10) days after receipt of written notice thereof from the Company; (E) failure, within ten (10) days after receipt by Executive of written notice thereof from the Company, to correct, cease or otherwise alter any failure to comply with instructions or other action or omission which the Chief Executive Officer reasonably believes does or may materially or adversely affect its business or operations; (F) misconduct which is of such a serious or substantial nature that a reasonable likelihood exists that such misconduct will materially injure the reputation of the Company or its Subsidiaries if Executive were to remain employed by the Company; (G) harassing or discriminating against the Company’s employees, customers or vendors in violation of the Company’s policies with respect to such matters; (H) misappropriation of funds or assets of the Company for personal use or willful violation of Company policies or standards of business conduct as determined in good faith by the Chief Executive Officer; and/or (I) failure due to some action or inaction on the part of Executive to have immigration status that permits Executive to maintain full-time employment with the Company in the United States in compliance with all applicable immigration laws.

 

(e)                                   Executive’s voluntary resignation by the delivery to the Chief Executive Officer of a written notice from Executive that Executive has resigned with or without Good Reason. Good Reason” shall mean Executive’s resignation from employment with the Company within thirty (30) days after (i) a material diminution in Executive’s annual salary, duties, authority or responsibilities from the annual salary, duties, authority or responsibilities as in effect at the commencement of the Service Term, (ii) the Company’s failure to perform any material obligation undertaken by the Company to Executive hereunder after Executive has provided the Company with written notice of such failure and such failure has not thereafter been cured within ten (10) days of the delivery of such written notice or (iii) notice by the Company to Executive that his primary place of employment is to be relocated to a geographic area more than 50 miles from Harrisonburg, Virginia, without Executive’s consent.

 

6.                                       Rights on Termination.

 

(a)                                   If during the Service Term Executive’s employment is terminated under Section 5 above (x) by the Company without Cause or (y) by Executive with Good Reason, then:

 

(i)                                     The Company shall pay to Executive, at the times specified in Section 6(a)(vii)  below, the following amounts (the “Severance Payments” ):

 

(1)                                   the Accrued Obligation;

 

(2)                                   Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the effective date of the termination of Executive’s employment (the Termination Date” ) for periods following his Separation From Service, to the extent not theretofore paid;

 

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(3)                                   a lump sum in cash equal to the product of (x) 1/12 of the amount of the Annual Base Salary in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date and (y) 12; and

 

(4)                                   a lump sum in cash equal to the product of (x) the monthly basic life insurance premium applicable to Executive’s basic life insurance coverage immediately prior to the Termination Date and (y) 12.  Executive may, at his option, convert his basic life insurance coverage to an individual policy after the Termination Date by completing the forms required by the Company for this purpose.

 

(ii)                                 The Company will pay, when due and payable under the Annual Bonus plan, the pro rata portion, if any, of Executive’s Annual Bonus earned up until such Termination Date.

 

(iii)                             Subject to clause (iv), for 12 months following the Termination Date the Company shall arrange to provide Executive and his dependents medical insurance benefits substantially similar to those provided to Executive and his dependents immediately prior to the Termination Date (at no greater cost to Executive than such cost to Executive in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date, or, if greater, the cost to similarly situated active employees of the Company under the applicable group health plan of the Company).  Except for any reimbursements under the applicable group health plan that are subject to a limitation on reimbursements during a specified period, the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement under this Section 6(a)(iii) , or in-kind benefits provided, during Executive’s taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits to be provided, in any other taxable year of Executive.  Executive’s right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits pursuant to this Section 6(a)(iii)  shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.  To the extent that the payments or reimbursements made pursuant to this Section 6(a)(iii)  are taxable to Executive and are not otherwise exempt from Section 409A, if Executive is a Specified Employee, any amounts to which Executive would otherwise be entitled under this Section 6(a)(iii)  during the first six months following the date of Executive’s Separation From Service shall be accumulated and paid to Executive on the date that is six months following the date of his Separation From Service.

 

(iv)                                Subject to Executive’s group health plan coverage continuation rights under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended, the benefits listed in clause (iii)  of this Section 6(a)  shall be reduced to the extent  benefits of the same type are received by or made available to Executive during such period, and provided, further, that Executive shall have the obligation to notify the Company that he is entitled to or receiving such benefits.

 

(v)                                    Payments and benefits provided to Executive under this Section 6 (other than Accrued Obligations) are contingent upon Executive’s execution of a release substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto.

 

(vi)                                Executive shall not be permitted to specify the taxable year in which a payment described in this Section 6 shall be made to him.

 

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(vii)                            The Company shall pay Executive the amounts specified in Section 6(a)(i)(1)  within thirty (30) days after the Termination Date.  The Company shall pay to Executive the amounts specified in Sections 6(a)(i)(2), (3) and (4)  on the date that is six months following the date of Executive’s Separation From Service.  Further, the Company shall pay to Executive, on the date that is six months following Executive’s Separation From Service, an additional interest amount equal to the amount of interest that would be earned on the amounts specified in Sections 6(a)(i)(2), (3) and (4)  and, to the extent subject to a mandatory six-month delay in payment, the amounts specified in Section 6(a)(iii) , for the period commencing on the date of Executive’s Separation From Service until the date of payment of such amounts, calculated using an interest rate equal to the six month U.S. Treasury Rate in effect on the date of Executive’s Separation From Service.

 

(b)                                   If the Company terminates Executive’s employment for Cause, if Executive dies or is disabled (as defined in Section 5(c)  above), or if Executive resigns without Good Reason, the Company’s obligations to pay any compensation or benefits under this Agreement will cease effective as of the Termination Date and the Company shall pay to Executive the Accrued Obligation within thirty (30) days following the Termination Date.  The Company shall pay to Executive his Annual Base Salary for periods following his Separation From Service, to the extent not theretofore paid, within thirty (30) days following his Separation From Service if he is not a Specified Employee or on the date that is six months following his Separation From Service if he is a Specified Employee.  Following such payments, the Company shall have no further obligations to Executive other than as may be required by law or the terms of an employee benefit plan of the Company.

 

(c)                                   Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company’s obligation to Executive for Severance Payments or other rights under either Sections 6(a)  or (b)  above shall cease if Executive is in violation of the provisions of Sections 8 or 9 below.

 

(d)                                   If the Executive retires at age 65 or older the Company shall pay the Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the retirement date and shall also pay when due and payable under the Annual Bonus plan the pro rata portion of any Annual Bonus that may have been earned by the Executive through the retirement date.  No other amounts will be payable by the Company.

 

7.                                       Representations of Executive.

 

Executive hereby represents and warrants to the Company that the statements contained in this Section 7 are true and accurate as of the date of this Agreement.

 

(a)                                   Legal Proceedings .   Executive has not been (i) the subject of any criminal proceeding (other than a traffic violation or other minor offense) which has resulted in a conviction against Executive, nor is Executive the subject of any pending criminal proceeding (other than a traffic violation or other minor offense), (ii) indicted for, or charged in a court of competent jurisdiction with, any felony or crime of moral turpitude, (iii) the defendant in any civil complaint alleging damages in excess of $50,000, or (iv) the defendant in any civil complaint alleging sexual harassment, unfair labor practices or discrimination in the work place.

 

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(b)                                   Securities Law .   Executive has not been found in a civil action by the Securities and Exchange Commission, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, a state securities authority or any other regulatory agency to have violated any federal, state or other securities or commodities law.

 

(c)                                   Work History; Immigration Status .   Executive’s resume, previously provided by Executive to the Company, is complete and correct in all material respects, and accurately reflects Executive’s prior work history. Executive has the full legal right to be employed on a full-time basis by the Company in the United States under all applicable immigration laws on the basis of the Company’s continued willingness to employ him on a full-time basis, and has provided the Company with evidence of legal immigration status and will do so at any time upon request. The Company will, if applicable, continue to cooperate with Executive in maintaining Executive’s work visa status and/or any mutually agreeable adjustment of status.

 

(d)                                   Employment Restrictions Executive is not currently a party to any non competition, non-solicitation, confidentiality or other work-related agreement that limits or restricts Executive’s ability to work in any particular field or in any particular geographic region, whether or not such agreement would be violated by this Agreement.

 

8.                                       Confidential Information; Proprietary Information, etc.

 

(a)                                   Obligation to Maintain Confidentiality Executive acknowledges that any Proprietary Information disclosed or made available to Executive or obtained, observed or known by Executive as a direct or indirect consequence of his employment with or performance of services for the Company or any of its Subsidiaries during the course of his performance of services for, or employment with, any of the foregoing Persons (whether or not compensated for such services) and during the period in which Executive is receiving Severance Payments, are the property of the Company and its Subsidiaries. Therefore, Executive agrees that, other than in the course of performance of his duties as an employee of the Company, he will not at any time (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment) disclose or permit to be disclosed to any Person or, directly or indirectly, utilize for his own account or permit to be utilized by any Person any Proprietary Information or records pertaining to the Company, its Subsidiaries and their respective business for any reason whatsoever without the Chief Executive Officer’s consent, unless and to the extent that (except as otherwise provided in the definition of Proprietary Information) the aforementioned matters become generally known to and available for use by the public other than as a direct or indirect result of Executive’s acts or omissions to act. Executive agrees to deliver to the Company at the termination of his employment, as a condition to receipt of the next or final payment of compensation, or at any other time the Company may request in writing (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment), all records pertaining to the Company, its Subsidiaries and their respective business which he may then possess or have under his control. Executive further agrees that any property situated on the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ premises and owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries, including disks and other storage media, filing cabinets or other work areas, is subject to inspection by Company or its Subsidiaries and their personnel at any time with or without notice. Nothing in this Section 8(a)  shall be construed to prevent Executive from using his general knowledge and experience in future employment so long as Executive complies with this Section 8(a)  and the other restrictions contained in this Agreement.

 

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(b)                                   Ownership of Property Executive acknowledges that all inventions, innovations, improvements, developments, methods, processes, programs, designs, analyses, drawings, reports and all similar or related information (whether or not patentable) that relate to the Company’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ actual or anticipated business, research and development, or existing or future products or services and that are conceived, developed, contributed to, made, or reduced to practice by Executive (either solely or jointly with others) while employed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (including any of the foregoing that constitutes any Proprietary Information or records) ( “Work Product” ) belong to the Company or such Subsidiary and Executive hereby assigns, and agrees to assign, all of the above Work Product to the Company or such Subsidiary. Any copyrightable work prepared in whole or in part by Executive in the course of his work for any of the foregoing entities shall be deemed a “work made for hire” under the copyright laws, and the Company or such Subsidiary shall own all rights therein. To the extent that any such copyrightable work is not a “work made for hire,” Executive hereby assigns and agrees to assign to Company or such Subsidiary all right, title and interest, including without limitation, copyright in and to such copyrightable work. Executive shall promptly disclose such Work Product and copyrightable work to the Chief Executive Officer and perform all actions reasonably requested by the Chief Executive Officer (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment) to establish and confirm the Company’s or its Subsidiary’s ownership (including, without limitation, execution of assignments, consents, powers of attorney and other instruments). Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 8(b)  to the contrary, the Company’s ownership of Work Product does not apply to any invention that Executive develops entirely on his own time without using the equipment, supplies or facilities of the Company or Subsidiaries or any Proprietary Information (including trade secrets), except that the Company’s ownership of Work Product does include those inventions that: (i) relate to the business of the Company or its Subsidiaries or to the actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development relating to the Company’s business; or (ii) result from any work that Executive performs for the Company or its Subsidiaries.

 

(c)                                   Third Party Information Executive understands that the Company and its Subsidiaries will receive from third parties confidential or proprietary information ( “Third Party Information” ) subject to a duty on the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ part to maintain the confidentiality of such information and to use it only for certain limited purposes. During the term of Executive’s employment and thereafter, and without in any way limiting the provisions of Sections 8(a)  and 8 (b)  above, Executive shall hold Third Party Information in the strictest confidence and shall not disclose to anyone (other than personnel of the Company or its Subsidiaries who need to know such information in connection with their work for the Company or its Subsidiaries) or use, except in connection with his work for the Company or its Subsidiaries, Third Party Information unless expressly authorized by the Chief Executive Officer in writing.

 

(d)                                   Use of Information of Prior Employers, etc Executive will abide by any enforceable obligations contained in any agreements that Executive has entered into with his prior employers or other parties to whom Executive has an obligation of confidentiality.

 

(e)                                   Compelled Disclosure If Executive is required by law or governmental regulation or by subpoena or other valid legal process to disclose any Proprietary Information or Third Party Information to any Person, Executive will immediately provide the Company with

 

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written notice of the applicable law, regulation or process so that the Company may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy.  Executive will cooperate fully with the Company and the Company’s representatives in any attempt by the Company to obtain any such protective order or other remedy. If the Company elects not to seek, or is unsuccessful in obtaining, any such protective order or other remedy in connection with any requirement that Executive disclose Proprietary Information or Third Party Information then Executive may disclose such Proprietary Information or Third Party Information to the extent legally required; provided, however, that Executive will use his reasonable best efforts to ensure that such Proprietary Information is treated confidentially by each Person to whom it is disclosed.

 

9.                                       Noncompetition and Nonsolicitation.

 

(a)                                   Noncompetition . As long as Executive is an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, and for a period ending twelve (12) months following the Termination Date of Executive’s employment (the Restrictive Covenant Period” ), Executive shall not, directly or indirectly own, manage, control, participate in, consult with, render services for, or in any manner engage in any business competing with the business of producing and selling software used for learning foreign languages, including English as a foreign language or any other businesses then carried on by the Company or its Subsidiaries (the Business” ) in any geographic area in which: (i) Executive acted as an employee of the Company or its Subsidiaries and had contact with the customers of the Company or its Subsidiaries during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date, and (ii) the Company or its Subsidiaries is conducting business or has conducted business during the Restrictive Covenant Period.

 

(b)                                   Nonsolicitation As long as Executive is an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, and during the Restrictive Covenant Period thereafter, Executive shall not directly or indirectly through another entity:  (i) induce or attempt to induce any employee of the Company or any Subsidiary to leave the employ of the Company or such Subsidiary, or in any way interfere with the relationship between the Company or any Subsidiary and any employee thereof; (ii) hire or employ any person who was an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date; (iii) induce or attempt to induce any customer, supplier, licensee or other business relation of the Company or any Subsidiary to cease doing business with the Company or such Subsidiary, or in any way interfere with the relationship between any such customer, supplier, licensee or business relation and the Company or any Subsidiary; (iv) solicit or provide services related to the Business to any Person who was a customer or client of the Company or any Subsidiary at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date; or (v) solicit or provide services related to the Business to any Prospective Customer. For purposes hereof, a Prospective Customer” means any Person whom the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has entertained discussions with to become a client or customer at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date and who has not explicitly rejected a business relationship with the Company.

 

(c)                                   Acknowledgment Executive  acknowledges  that  in  the  course  of his employment with the Company and its Subsidiaries, he has and will become familiar with the trade secrets and other Proprietary Information of the Company and its Subsidiaries. Executive further acknowledges that as the Chief Product Officer of the Company, Executive has and

 

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will have direct or indirect responsibility, oversight or duties with respect to the businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries and its and their current and prospective employees, vendors, customers, clients and other business relations, and that, accordingly, the geographical restriction contained in this Section 9 is reasonable in all respects and necessary to protect the goodwill and Proprietary Information of the Company and that without such protection the Company’s customer and client relations and competitive advantage would be materially adversely affected.  It is specifically recognized by Executive that his services to the Company and its Subsidiaries are special, unique and of extraordinary value, that the Company has a protectable interest in prohibiting Executive as provided in this Section 9 , that Executive is responsible for the growth and development of the Company and the creation and preservation of the Company’s goodwill, that money damages are insufficient to protect such interests, that there is adequate consideration being provided to Executive hereunder, that such prohibitions are necessary and appropriate without regard to payments being made to Executive hereunder and that the Company would not enter this Agreement  with  Executive  without  the  restriction  of  this  Section 9 .  Executive  further acknowledges that the restrictions contained in this Section 9 do not impose an undue hardship on him and, since he has general business skills that may be used in industries other than that in which the Company and its Subsidiaries conduct their business, do not deprive Executive of his livelihood. Executive further acknowledges that the provisions of this Section 9 are separate and independent of the other sections of this Agreement.

 

(d)                                   Enforcement, etc If, at the time of enforcement of Section 8 or 9 of this Agreement, a court holds that the restrictions stated herein are unreasonable under circumstances then existing, the parties hereto agree that the maximum duration, scope or geographical area reasonable under such circumstances as determined by the court shall be substituted for the stated period, scope or area.  Because Executive’s services are unique, because Executive has access to Proprietary Information and for the other reasons set forth herein, the parties hereto agree that money damages would be an inadequate remedy for any breach of this Agreement. Therefore, without limiting the generality of Section 12(f), in the event of a breach or threatened breach of this Agreement, the Company or its successors or assigns may, in addition to other rights and remedies existing in their favor, apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for specific performance and/or injunctive or other relief in order to enforce, or prevent any violations of, the provisions hereof (without posting a bond or other security).

 

(e)                                   Submission to Jurisdiction The parties hereby: (i) submit to the jurisdiction of any state or federal court sitting in the Commonwealth of Virginia in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to Section 8 and/or 9 of this Agreement; (ii) agree that all claims in respect of such action or proceeding may be heard or determined in any such court; and (iii) agree not to bring any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to Section 8 and/or 9 of this Agreement in any other court. The parties hereby waive any defense of inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any action or proceeding so brought. The parties hereby agree that a final judgment in any action or proceeding so brought shall be conclusive and may be enforced by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.

 

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GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

10.                                Definitions.

 

Accrued Obligation means the sum of (a) Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the Termination Date for periods through but not following his Separation From Service and (b) any accrued vacation pay earned by Executive, in each case, to the extent not theretofore paid.

 

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any particular Person, any other Person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such particular Person. A Subsidiary of the Company shall be an Affiliate of the Company.

 

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any committee of the Board, such as the Compensation Committee, to which the Board has delegated applicable authority.

 

Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

“Person” means any individual or corporation, association, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, joint stock or other company, business trust, trust, organization, university, college, governmental authority or other entity of any kind.

 

“Proprietary Information” means any and all data and information concerning the business affairs of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and not generally known in the industry in which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become engaged, and any other information concerning any matters affecting or relating to the Company’s or its Subsidiaries businesses, but in any event Proprietary Information shall include, any of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ past, present or prospective business opportunities, including information concerning acquisition opportunities in or reasonably related to the Company’s or its Subsidiaries businesses or industries, customers, customer lists, clients, client lists, the prices the Company and its Subsidiaries obtain or have obtained from the sale of, or at which they sell or have sold, their products, unit volume of sales to past or present customers and clients, or any other information concerning the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, their manner of operation, their plans, processes, figures, sales figures, projections, estimates, tax records, personnel history, accounting procedures, promotions, supply sources, contracts, know-how, trade secrets, information relating to research, development, inventions, technology, manufacture, purchasing, engineering, marketing, merchandising or selling, or other data without regard to whether all of the foregoing matters will be deemed confidential, material or important. Proprietary Information does not include any information that Executive has obtained from a Person other than an employee of the Company or a Subsidiary, which was disclosed to him without a breach of a duty of confidentiality.

 

Section 409A ” means s ection 409A of the Code and the final Department of Treasury regulations issued thereunder.

 

Separation From Service shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 409A.

 

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Specified Employee means a person who is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A, taking into account the elections made and procedures established in resolutions adopted by the Board.

 

“Subsidiary” means any company of which the Company owns securities having a majority of the ordinary voting power in electing the board of directors directly or through one or more subsidiaries.

 

11.                                Notices.

 

Any notice provided for in this Agreement must be in writing and must be mailed, personally delivered or sent by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid) to the recipient at the address below indicated:

 

If to the Company :

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.

1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

Attention:  Chief Executive Officer

 

With a copy to

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.

1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

Attention:  General Counsel

 

If to Executive :

 

Gregory Long

c/o Rosetta Stone Ltd.

135 W. Market St.

Harrisonburg, VA 22801

 

or such other address or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party shall have specified by prior written notice to the sending party. Any notice under this Agreement will be deemed to have been given when delivered or, if mailed, five (5) business days after deposit in the U.S. mail.

 

12.                                Miscellaneous.

 

(a)                                   Severability Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement will be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any

 

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applicable law or rule in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other provision or any other jurisdiction, but this Agreement will be reformed, construed and enforced in such jurisdiction as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein.

 

(b)                                   Complete Agreement This Agreement, those documents expressly referred to herein and other documents of even date herewith embody the complete agreement and understanding among the parties and supersede and preempt any prior understandings, agreements or representations by or among the parties, written or oral, which may have related to the subject matter hereof in any way , including, without limitation, that certain offer letter between the Company and Executive dated as of July 24, 2006.

 

(c)                                   Counterparts; Facsimile Transmission This Agreement may be executed in separate counterparts, each of which is deemed to be an original and all of which taken together constitute one and the same agreement. Each party to this Agreement agrees that its own telecopied signature will bind it and that it accepts the telecopied signature of each other party to this Agreement.

 

(d)                                   Successors and Assigns .  Except as otherwise provided herein, this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by Executive, the Company and their respective successors and assigns; provided that the rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement shall not be assignable without the prior written consent of the other party, except for assignments by operation of law and assignments by the Company to any successor of the Company by merger, consolidation, combination or sale of assets. Any purported assignment in violation of these provisions shall be void ab initio.

 

(e)                                   Choice of Law; Jurisdiction All questions or disputes concerning this Agreement and the exhibits hereto will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the Commonwealth of Virginia or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The parties hereby: (i) submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any state or federal court sitting in the Commonwealth of Virginia in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement; and (ii) agree that all claims in respect of such action or proceeding may be heard or determined in any such court. Each party hereby waives any defense of inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any action or proceeding so brought. The parties hereby agree that a final judgment in any action or proceeding so brought shall be conclusive and may be enforced by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.

 

(f)                                     Remedies Each of the parties to this Agreement will be entitled to enforce its rights under this Agreement specifically, to recover damages and costs (including attorney’s fees) caused by any breach of any provision of this Agreement and to exercise all other rights existing in its favor. The parties hereto agree and acknowledge that money damages may not be an adequate remedy for any breach of the provisions of this Agreement and that any party may in its sole discretion apply to any court of law or equity of competent jurisdiction (without posting any bond or deposit) for specific performance and/or other injunctive relief in order to enforce or prevent any violations of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

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(g)                                  Amendment and Waiver The provisions of this Agreement may be amended or waived only with the prior written consent of the Company and Executive.

 

(h)                                  Business Days If any time period for giving notice or taking action hereunder expires on a day which is a Saturday, Sunday or holiday in the state in which the Company’s chief executive office is located, the time period shall be automatically extended to the business day immediately following, such Saturday, Sunday or holiday.  The provisions of this Section 12(h)  shall not apply to determine the date an amount is payable under Section 3(c)(ii)  or 6 .

 

(i)                                     Termination This Agreement (except for the provisions of Sections 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 12 and 13 ) shall survive the termination of Executive’s employment with the Company and shall remain in full force and effect after such termination.

 

(j)                                     No Waiver A waiver by any party hereto of any right or remedy hereunder on any one occasion shall not be construed as a bar to any right or remedy that such party would otherwise have on any future occasion. Neither failure to exercise nor any delay in exercising on the part of any party hereto, any right, power or privilege hereunder shall preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. The rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative and may be exercised singly or concurrently, and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law.

 

(k)                                 Insurance The Company, at its discretion, may apply for and procure in its own name for its own benefit life and/or disability insurance with respect to Executive in any amount or amounts considered available provided, however, that such procurement of insurance does not restrict the amount of insurance that Executive may obtain for his own personal use. Executive agrees to cooperate in any medical or other examination, supply any information, and to execute and deliver any applications or other instruments in writing as may be reasonably necessary to obtain and constitute such insurance. Executive hereby represents that he has no reason to believe that his life is not insurable at rates now prevailing for healthy men of his age.

 

(l)                                     Withholding of Taxes on Behalf of Executive The Company and its Subsidiaries shall be entitled to deduct or withhold from any amounts owing from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to Executive any federal, state, provincial, local or foreign withholding taxes, excise taxes, or employment taxes ( “Taxes” ) imposed with respect to Executive’s compensation or other payments from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or Executive’s ownership interest in the Company, including, but not limited to, wages, bonuses, dividends, the receipt or exercise of stock options and/or the receipt or vesting of restricted stock.

 

(m)                               Waiver of Jury Trial BOTH PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT AGREE THAT ANY ACTION, DEMAND, CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM RELATING TO THE TERMS AND PROVISIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT, OR TO ITS BREACH, MAY BE COMMENCED IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA IN A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION.  BOTH PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT FURTHER AGREE THAT ANY ACTION, DEMAND, CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM SHALL BE RESOLVED BY A JUDGE ALONE, AND BOTH PARTIES HEREBY WAIVE AND FOREVER RENOUNCE THAT RIGHT TO A TRIAL BEFORE A CIVIL JURY.

 

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13.                                Certain Additional Payments by the Company.

 

(a)                                   Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding and except as set forth below, in the event it shall be determined that any payment or distribution by, or benefit from, the Company or an Affiliate or any person who acquires ownership or effective control or ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets (within the meaning of section 280G of the Code) or by any Affiliate of such person, to or for the benefit of Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 13 ) (a “ Payment ”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by section 4999 of the Code or any interest or penalties are incurred by Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “ Excise Tax ”), then Executive shall be entitled to receive an additional payment (a “ Gross-Up Payment ”) in an amount such that after payment by Executive of all taxes (including any interest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes), including without limitation, any income taxes (and any interest and penalties imposed with respect thereto) and Excise Tax imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments.  Any Gross-Up Payment that the Company is required to make to reimburse Executive for federal, state and local taxes imposed upon Executive, including the amount of additional taxes imposed upon Executive due to the Company’s payment of the initial taxes on such amounts, shall be made by the Company by the end of Executive’s taxable year next following Executive’s taxable year in which Executive remits the related taxes to the taxing authority.

 

(b)                                   Subject to the provisions of Section 13(c) , all determinations required to be made under this Section 13 , including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determination, shall be made by a nationally recognized accounting firm that is (i) not serving as accountant or auditor for the person who acquires ownership or effective control or ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets (within the meaning of section 280G of the Code) or any Affiliate of such person and (ii) agreed upon by the Company and Executive (the “ Accounting Firm ”).  The Accounting Firm shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and Executive within 15 business days after appointment by the Company and Executive and receipt of notice from Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company.  All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company.  Any Gross-Up Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 13 , shall be paid by the Company to Executive within five days after the receipt of the Accounting Firm’s determination and in no event later than the payment deadline specified in Section 13(a) .  Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and Executive.  As a result of the uncertainty in the application of section 4999 of the Code at the time of the initial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments that will not have been made by the Company should have been made (“ Underpayment ”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder.  In the event that the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 13(c)  and Executive thereafter is required to make a payment of any Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive.

 

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(c)                                   Executive shall notify the Company in writing of any claim by the Internal Revenue Service, state or other taxing authority (“ Taxing Authority ”) that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment (or an additional Gross-Up Payment) in the event the Taxing Authority seeks higher payment.  Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable, but no later than ten business days after Executive is informed in writing of such claim, and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is requested to be paid.  Executive shall not pay such claim prior to the expiration of the 30-day period following the date on which he gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due).  If the Company notifies Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, Executive shall:

 

(i)                                     give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim,

 

(ii)                                 take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company,

 

(iii)                             cooperate with the Company in good faith in order to effectively contest such claim, and

 

(iv)                                permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred at any time during the period that ends ten years following the lifetime of Executive in connection with such proceedings and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax and income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses.  Without limitation on the foregoing provisions of this Section 13(c) , the Company shall control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the Taxing Authority in respect of such claim and may, at its sole option, either direct Executive to pay the tax claimed and sue for a refund or contest the claim in any permissible manner, and Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; provided, however, that if the Company directs Executive to pay such claim and sue for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to Executive, on an interest-free basis and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance; and further provided that any extension of the statute of limitations relating to payment of taxes for the taxable year of Executive with respect to which such contested amount is claimed to be due is limited solely to such contested amount.  The Company shall not direct Executive to pay such a claim and sue for a refund if, due to the prohibitions of section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Company may not advance to Executive the amount necessary to pay such claim.  The Company’s control of the contest shall be limited to

 

16



 

issues with respect to which a Gross-Up Payment would be payable hereunder and Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issues raised by the Taxing Authority.  The costs and expenses that are subject to be paid pursuant to this Section 13(c)  shall not be limited as a result of when the costs or expenses are incurred.  The amounts of costs or expenses that are eligible for payment pursuant to this Section 13(c)(iv)  during a given taxable year of Executive shall not affect the amount of costs or expenses eligible for payment in any other taxable year of Executive.  The right to payment of costs and expenses pursuant to this Section 13(c)(iv)  is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.  Any payment due under this Section 13(c)(iv)  to reimburse Executive for any taxes shall be made to Executive by the Company by the end of Executive’s taxable year following Executive’s taxable year in which Executive remits the related taxes to the applicable taxing authorities.

 

(d)                                   If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 13(c) , Executive becomes entitled to receive any refund with respect to such claim, Executive shall (subject to the Company’s complying with the requirements of Section 13(c) ) promptly pay to the Company the amount of such refund (together with any interest paid or credited thereon after taxes applicable thereto.  If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 13(c) , a determination is made that Executive shall not be entitled to any refund with respect to such claim and the Company does not notify Executive in writing of its intent to contest such denial of refund prior to the expiration of 30 days after such determination, then such advance shall not be required to be repaid.

 

14.                                Indemnification.

 

During and following the employment period, the Company shall indemnify Executive and hold Executive harmless from and against any claim, loss or cause of action arising from or out of Executive’s performance as an officer, director or employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or in any other capacity, including any fiduciary capacity, in which Executive serves at the request of Company to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law and the Company’s By-Laws. Expenses incurred in defending or investigating a threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of Executive to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company. To the extent that the Company reduces the indemnity rights provided for under its By-Laws after execution of this Agreement, the Company’s indemnity obligations hereunder shall be unaffected (to the extent permitted by applicable law).

 

[Signature pages  follow]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on the date first written above.

 

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.

 

 

 

By:

 

 

Tom Adams, Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 

EXECUTIVE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory Long

 

18


 

EXHIBIT A

 

Form of Release

 

19



 

Legal Release

 

This Legal Release (“ Release ”) is between Rosetta Stone Ltd. (the “ Company ”) and Gregory Long (“ Executive ”) (each a “ Party ,” and together, the “ Parties ”). For purposes of this Agreement “Effective Date” shall mean the date on which Executive signs this Agreement.

 

Recitals

 

A.                                    Executive and the Company are parties to a Employment Agreement to which this Release is appended as Exhibit A (the “ Employment Agreement ”).

 

B.                                      Executive wishes to receive the Severance Benefit described Section 6(a) of the Employment Agreement.

 

C.                                      Executive and the Company wish to resolve, except as specifically set forth herein, all claims between them arising from or relating to any act or omission predating the Separation Date defined below.

 

Agreement

 

The Parties agree as follows:

 

1.                                        Confirmation of Severance Benefit Obligation . The Company shall pay or provide to Executive the entire Severance Benefit, as, when and on the terms and conditions specified in the Employment Agreement.

 

2.                                        Legal Releases

 

(a)                                   Executive, on behalf of Executive and Executive’s heirs, personal representatives and assigns, and any other person or entity that could or might act on behalf of Executive, including, without limitation, Executive’s counsel (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Executive Releasers”), hereby fully and forever releases and discharges the Company, its present and future affiliates and subsidiaries, and each of their past, present and future officers, directors, employees, shareholders, independent contractors, attorneys, insurers and any and all other persons or entities that are now or may become liable to any Releaser due to any Executive Releasee’s act or omission, (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Executive Releasees”) of and from any and all actions, causes of action, claims, demands, costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, of every kind and nature whatsoever, in law or in equity, whether now known or unknown, that Executive Releasers, or any person acting under any of them, may now have, or claim at any future time to have, based in whole or in part upon any act or omission occurring on or before the Effective Date, without regard to present actual knowledge of such acts or omissions, including specifically, but not by way of limitation, matters which may arise at common law, such as breach of contract, express or implied, promissory estoppel, wrongful discharge, tortious interference with contractual rights, infliction of emotional distress, defamation, or under federal, state or local laws, such as the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, the National Labor Relations Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Equal Pay Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave

 

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Act, and any civil rights law of any state or other governmental body; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else contained in this Agreement, the release set forth in this Section shall not extend to: (i) any rights arising under this Agreement; (ii) any vested rights under any pension, retirement, profit sharing or similar plan; or (iii) Executive’s rights, if any, to indemnification, and/or defense under any Company certificate of incorporation, bylaw and/or policy or procedure, or under any insurance contract or any indemnification agreement with the Company, in connection with Executive’s acts an omissions within the course and scope of Executive’s employment with the Company.  Executive hereby warrants that Executive has not assigned or transferred to any person any portion of any claim which is released, waived and discharged above. Executive further states and agrees that Executive has not experienced any illness, injury, or disability that is compensable or recoverable under the worker’s compensation laws of any state that was not reported to the Company by Executive before the Effective Date, and Executive agrees not to not file a worker’s compensation claim asserting the existence of any such previously undisclosed illness, injury, or disability. Executive has specifically consulted with counsel with respect to the agreements, representations, and declarations set forth in the previous sentence. Executive understands and agrees that by signing this Agreement Executive is giving up any right to bring any legal claim against the Company concerning, directly or indirectly, Executive’s employment relationship with the Company, including Executive’s separation from employment.  Executive agrees that this legal release is intended to be interpreted in the broadest possible manner in favor of the Company, to include all actual or potential legal claims that Executive may have against the Company, except as specifically provided otherwise in this Agreement.

 

(b)                                  The Company, for itself, its affiliates, and any other person or entity that could or might act on behalf of it including, without limitation, its attorneys (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Company Releasers”), hereby fully and forever release and discharge Executive, Executive’s heirs, representatives, assigns, attorneys, and any and all other persons or entities that are now or may become liable to any Company Releaser on account of Executive’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Company Releasees”) of and from any and all actions, causes of action, claims, demands, costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, of every kind and nature whatsoever, in law or in equity, whether now known or unknown, that the Company Releasers, or any person acting under any of them, may now have, or claim at any future time to have, based in whole or in part upon any act or omission relating to Employee’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom, without regard to present actual knowledge of such acts or omissions; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else contained in this Agreement, the release set forth in this Section shall not extend to: (i) any rights arising under this Agreement; (ii) a breach of fiduciary duty or other misconduct that renders Executive ineligible for indemnification by the Company under applicable law, or any right of recovery by the Company for Executive’s breach of fiduciary duty or misconduct in his capacity as a director of the Company under applicable law; or (iii) any claim or claims that the Company may have against Executive as of the Effective Date of which the Company is not aware as of the Effective Date because of willful concealment by Executive.  The Company understands and agrees that by signing this Agreement, it is giving up its right to bring any legal claim against Executive concerning, directly or indirectly, Executive’s employment relationship with the Company.  The Company agrees that this legal release is intended to be interpreted in the broadest possible manner in favor of Executive, to include all actual or potential legal claims that the Company

 

21



 

may have against Executive relating to Employee’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom, except as specifically provided otherwise in this Agreement.

 

(c)                                   In order to provide a full and complete release, each of the Parties understands and agrees that this Release is intended to include all claims, if any, covered under this Paragraph 2 that such Party may have and not now know or suspect to exist in his or its favor against any other Party and that this Release extinguishes such claims.  Thus, each of the Parties expressly waives all rights under any statute or common law principle in any jurisdiction that provides, in effect, that a general release does not extend to claims which the releasing party does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him must have materially affected his settlement with the party being released.

 

(d)                                  Executive acknowledges that he consulted with an attorney of his choosing before signing this the Employment Agreement and this Release, and that the Company provided him with no fewer than twenty-one (21) days during which to consider the provisions of the Employment Agreement and this Release and, specifically the release set forth at Paragraph 2(a), above, although Executive may sign and return the Release sooner if he so chooses.  Executive further acknowledges that he has the right to revoke this Release for a period of seven (7) days after signing it and that this Release shall not become effective until such seven (7)-day period has expired. Executive acknowledges and agrees that if he wishes to revoke this Release, he must do so in writing, and that such revocation must be signed by Executive and received by the Company in care of the Chief Executive Officer no later than 5 p.m. (Eastern Time) on the seventh (7th) day after Executive has signed this Release. Executive acknowledges and agrees that, in the event that he revokes this Release, he shall have no right to receive the Severance Benefit. Executive represents that he has read this Release, including the release set forth in Paragraph 2(a), above, affirms that this Release and the Employment Agreement provide him with benefits to which he would not otherwise be entitled, and understands its terms and that he enters into this Release freely, voluntarily, and without coercion.

 

3.                                        Executive acknowledges that he has received all compensation to which he is entitled for his work up to his last day of employment with the Company, and that he is not entitled to any further pay or benefit of any kind, for services rendered or any other reason, other than the Severance Benefit.

 

4.                                        Executive agrees that the only thing of value that he will receive by signing this Release is the Severance Benefit.

 

5.                                        The Parties agree that their respective rights and obligations under the Employment Agreement shall survive the execution of this Release.

 

6.                                        The parties understand and agree that this Agreement shall not be construed as an admission of liability on the part of any person or entity, liability being expressly denied.

 

7.                                        Executive represents and warrants to the Company that, prior to the Effective Date, Executive did not disclose to any person, other than to Executive’s spouse, tax advisor and counsel, the terms of this Agreement or the circumstances under which the matter that is the subject of this Agreement has been resolved.  After the Effective Date, neither Executive,

 

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counsel for Executive, nor any other person under Executive’s control shall disclose any term of this Agreement or the circumstances of Executive’s separation from the Company, except that Executive may disclose such information to Executive’s spouse, or as required by subpoena or court order, or to an attorney or accountant to the extent necessary to obtain professional advice.  Executive shall not be entitled to rely upon the foregoing exception for disclosures pursuant to subpoena or court order unless Executive has given the Company written notice, within three business days following service of the subpoena or court order.

 

8.                                        Executive covenants never to disparage or speak ill of the Company or any the Company product or service, or of any past or present employee, officer or director of the Company, nor shall Executive at any time harass or behave unprofessionally toward any past, present or future the Company employee, officer or director.

 

9.                                        Executive acknowledges that because of Executive’s position with the Company, Executive may possess information that may be relevant to or discoverable in connection with claims, litigation or judicial, arbitral or investigative proceedings initiated by a private party or by a regulator, governmental entity, or self-regulatory organization, that relates to or arises from matters with which Executive was involved during Executive’s employment with the Company, or that concern matters of which Executive has information or knowledge (collectively, a “Proceeding”). Executive agrees that Executive shall testify truthfully in connection with any such Proceeding, shall cooperate with the Company in connection with every such Proceeding, and that Executive’s duty of cooperation shall include an obligation to meet with the Company representatives and/or counsel concerning all such Proceedings for such purposes, and at such times and places, as the Company reasonably requests, and to appear for deposition and/or testimony upon the Company’s request and without a subpoena.  The Company shall reimburse Executive for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses that Executive incurs in honoring Executive’s obligation of cooperation under this Section 9.

 

10.                                  Miscellaneous Terms and Conditions

 

(a)                                   Each party understands and agrees that Executive or it assumes all risk that the facts or law may be, or become, different than the facts or law as believed by the party at the time Executive or it executes this Agreement.  Executive and the Company acknowledge that their relationship precludes any affirmative obligation of disclosure, and expressly disclaim all reliance upon information supplied or concealed by the adverse party or its counsel in connection with the negotiation and/or execution of this Agreement.

 

(b)                                  The parties warrant and represent that they have been offered no promise or inducement except as expressly provided in this Agreement, and that this Agreement is not in violation of or in conflict with any other agreement of either party.

 

(c)                                   All covenants and warranties contained in this Agreement are contractual and shall survive the closing of this Agreement.

 

(d) Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding in all respects upon, and shall inure to the benefit of, the parties’ heirs, successors and assigns.

 

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(e)                                   Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, irrespective of the choice of law rules of any jurisdiction.

 

(f)                                     Should any provision of this Agreement be declared illegal or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction and cannot be modified to be enforceable, such provision shall immediately become null and void, leaving the remainder of this Agreement in full force and effect. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Section 2(a), above, is declared void or unenforceable, then this Agreement shall be null and void and both parties shall be restored to the positions that they occupied before the Agreement’s execution (meaning that, among other things, all sums paid by the Company pursuant to Section 1, above, shall be immediately refunded to the Company); provided that in such circumstances this Agreement and the facts and circumstances relating to its execution shall be inadmissible in any later proceeding between the parties, and the statutes of limitations applicable to claims asserted in the proceeding shall be deemed to have been tolled for the period between the Effective Date and 10 days after the date on which Section 2(a) is declared unenforceable.

 

(g)                                  This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties and a complete merger of prior negotiations and agreements.

 

(h)                                  This Agreement shall not be modified except in a writing signed by the parties.

 

(i)                                      Waiver.  No term or condition of this Agreement shall be deemed to have been waived, nor shall there be an estoppel against the enforcement of any provision of this Agreement, except by a writing signed by the party charged with the waiver or estoppel.  No waiver of any breach of this Agreement shall be deemed a waiver of any later breach of the same provision or any other provision of this Agreement.

 

(j)                                      Headings are intended solely as a convenience and shall not control the meaning or interpretation of any provision of this Agreement.

 

(k)                                   Pronouns contained in this Agreement shall apply equally to the feminine, neuter and masculine genders.  The singular shall include the plural, and the plural shall include the singular.

 

(l)                                      Each party shall promptly execute, acknowledge and deliver any additional document or agreement that the other party reasonably believes is necessary to carry out the purpose or effect of this Agreement.

 

(m)                                Any party contesting the validity or enforceability of any term of this Agreement shall be required to prove by clear and convincing evidence fraud, concealment, failure to disclose material information, unconscionability, misrepresentation or mistake of fact or law.

 

(n)                                  The parties acknowledge that they have reviewed this Agreement in its entirety and have had a full and fair opportunity to negotiate its terms and to consult with counsel of their own choosing concerning the meaning and effect of this Agreement.  Each party therefore waives all applicable rules of construction that any provision of this Agreement should

 

24



 

be construed against its drafter, and agrees that all provisions of the agreement shall be construed as a whole, according to the fair meaning of the language used.

 

(o)                                  Every dispute arising from or relating to this Agreement shall be tried only in the state or federal courts situated in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The parties consent to venue in those courts, and agree that those courts shall have personal jurisdiction over them in, and subject matter jurisdiction concerning, any such action.

 

(p)                                  In any action relating to or arising from this Agreement, or involving its application, the party substantially prevailing shall recover from the other party the expenses incurred by the prevailing party in connection with the action, including court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees.

 

(q)                                  This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, or by copies transmitted by telecopier, all of which shall be given the same force and effect as the original.

 

[SIGNATURES FOLLOW]

 

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NOTE: DO NOT SIGN THIS SUPPLEMENTAL LEGAL RELEASE UNTIL AFTER EXECUTIVE’S FINAL DAY OF EMPLOYMENT.

 

 

ROSETTA STONE LTD.

 

EXECUTIVE

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

[name, title]

 

Gregory Long

 

 

 

Date:

 

 

Date:

 

 

26




Exhibit 10.18

 

EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

 

THIS EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this Agreement” ) is made as of February 20, 2009, between Rosetta Stone Ltd., a Delaware corporation (together with its successors and assigns, the Company” ), and Michael Wu ( “Executive” ).

 

Recitals

 

A.                                    The Company and Executive desire to enter into an agreement pursuant to which the Company will employ Executive as its General Counsel and Secretary subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

Agreement

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual covenants and promises contained herein, the parties agree as follows:

 

1.                                       Employment .

 

The Company hereby engages Executive to serve as the General Counsel and Secretary of the Company, and Executive agrees to serve the Company, during the Service Term (as defined in Section 4 below) in the capacities, and subject to the terms and conditions, set forth in this Agreement.

 

2.                                       Duties.

 

During the Service Term, Executive, as General Counsel and Secretary of the Company, shall have all the duties and responsibilities customarily rendered by General Counsels and Secretaries of companies of similar size and nature and such other duties and responsibilities as may be delegated from time to time by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer of the Company in their sole discretion.  Executive will report to the Chief Executive Officer.

 

Executive will devote his best efforts and substantially all of his business time and attention (except for vacation periods and periods of illness or other incapacity) to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries. With the consent of the Chief Executive Officer, Executive will be permitted to serve on the boards of other companies so long as such service does not unreasonably interfere with his duties to the Company.

 

3.                                       Salary, Bonus and Benefits.

 

The Board shall make all decisions related to Executive’s base salary and the payment of bonuses, if any.  Executive’s Annual Base Salary and other compensation will be reviewed by the Board at least annually.

 

(a)                                   Base Salary.   During the Service Term, the Company will pay Executive a base salary (the “Annual Base Salary” ) as the Board may designate from time to time. The initial Annual Base Salary shall be at the rate of $225,000 per annum in accordance with the

 

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Company’s customary payroll practices (minus all applicable withholdings).  Executive’s Annual Base Salary for any partial year will be prorated based upon the number of days elapsed in such year.  The Annual Base Salary may be increased (but not decreased) from time to time during the Service Term by the Board based upon the Company’s and Executive’s performance.

 

(b)                                   Bonus Plan; Equity Awards Executive shall be eligible to receive an annual bonus in accordance with Company bonus policy to be established by the Board from time to time (the Annual Bonus” ) The Annual Bonus, if any, will be determined by the Board based upon the Company’s annual achievement of financial performance goals and other annual objectives as determined by the Board in good faith for each fiscal year of the Company.  For 2009, Executive will be eligible to receive an Annual Bonus of up to forty percent (40%) of his 2009 Annual Base Salary upon 100% achievement of 2009 annual objectives.  For subsequent years, the Annual Bonus target as a percentage of then-current Annual Base Salary, may be adjusted, but may not be less than 40% of the Executive’s then-current Annual Base Salary.

 

(c)                                   Benefits.

 

(i)                                     Executive and, to the extent eligible, his dependents, shall be entitled to participate in and receive all benefits under any welfare or pension benefit plans and programs made available to the Company’s senior level executives or to its employees generally (including, without limitation, medical, disability and life insurance programs, accidental death and dismemberment protection, leave and participation in retirement plans and deferred compensation plans), subject, however, to the generally applicable eligibility and other provisions of the various plans and programs and laws and regulations in effect from time to time.

 

(ii)                                 The Company shall reimburse Executive for all reasonable, ordinary and necessary business, travel or entertainment expenses incurred during the Service Term in the performance of his services hereunder in accordance with the policies of the Company as they are from time to time in effect. Executive, as a condition precedent to obtaining such payment or reimbursement, shall provide to the Company any and all statements, bills or receipts evidencing the travel or out-of-pocket expenses for which Executive seeks payment or reimbursement, and any other information or materials, which the Company may from time to time reasonably require.  The Company shall pay Executive the amount of such an expense by the last day of Executive’s taxable year following the taxable year in which Executive incurred such expense.  The expenses that are subject to reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  shall not be limited as a result of when the expenses are incurred.  The amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  during a given taxable year of Executive shall not affect the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement in any other taxable year of Executive.  The right to reimbursement pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii)  is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.

 

(iii)                             Executive shall be entitled to paid vacation of up to 22 days per annum (27 days per annum beginning January 1, 2011) which shall accrue pro rata during the applicable year and shall be entitled to medical, disability, family and other leave

 

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in accordance with Company policies as in effect from time to time for senior executives.

 

(iv)                                Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained above, the Company shall be entitled to terminate or reduce any employee benefit enjoyed by Executive pursuant to the provisions of this Section 3(c) , but only if such reduction is part of an across-the-board reduction applicable to all executives of the Company who are entitled to such benefit.

 

4.                                       Employment Term.

 

Unless Executive’s employment under this Agreement is sooner terminated as a result of Executive’s resignation or termination in accordance with the provisions of Section 5 below, Executive’s term of employment (“ Service Term” ) under this Agreement shall commence on the date hereof and shall continue for a period of one year, and at the end of each day it shall renew and extend automatically for an additional day so that the remaining Service Term is always one year; provided , however , that either party may terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 5 below for any reason, with or without Cause or with or without Good Reason, as the case may be, at any time upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to the other party of its decision to terminate (except in the event of termination for Cause, whereupon Executive’s termination shall be effective immediately upon written notice thereof except for any required grace periods for “Cause” as otherwise set forth below).

 

5.                                       Termination.

 

Executive’s employment with the Company shall cease upon the first of the following events to occur:

 

(a)                                   Executive’s death.

 

(b)                                   Executive’s voluntary retirement at age 65 or older.

 

(c)                                   Executive’s disability, which means his incapacity due to physical or mental illness such that he is unable to perform the essential functions of his previously assigned duties where (1) such incapacity has been determined to exist by either (x) the Company’s disability insurance carrier or (y) by the concurring opinions of two licensed physicians (one selected by the Company and one by Executive), and (2) the Chief Executive Officer has determined, based on competent medical advice, that such incapacity will likely last for a continuous period of at six (6) months.  Any such termination for disability shall be only as expressly permitted by the Americans with Disabilities Act.

 

(d)                                   Termination by the Company by the delivery to Executive of a written notice from the Chief Executive Officer that Executive has been terminated (“Notice of Termination”) with or without Cause.  “Cause” shall mean termination for any of the following:

 

(i)                                     Executive’s (A) commission of a felony or a crime involving moral turpitude or the commission of any other act or omission involving dishonesty in the performance of his duties to the Company or fraud; (B) substantial and

 

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repeated failure to perform duties of the office held by Executive as reasonably directed by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer; (C) gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (D) material breach of this Agreement not cured within ten (10) days after receipt of written notice thereof from the Company; (E) failure, within ten (10) days after receipt by Executive of written notice thereof from the Company, to correct, cease or otherwise alter any failure to comply with instructions or other action or omission which the Chief Executive Officer reasonably believes does or may materially or adversely affect its business or operations; (F) misconduct which is of such a serious or substantial nature that a reasonable likelihood exists that such misconduct will materially injure the reputation of the Company or its Subsidiaries if Executive were to remain employed by the Company; (G) harassing or discriminating against the Company’s employees, customers or vendors in violation of the Company’s policies with respect to such matters; (H) misappropriation of funds or assets of the Company for personal use or willful violation of Company policies or standards of business conduct as determined in good faith by the Chief Executive Officer; and/or (I) failure due to some action or inaction on the part of Executive to have immigration status that permits Executive to maintain full-time employment with the Company in the United States in compliance with all applicable immigration laws.

 

(e)                                   Executive’s voluntary resignation by the delivery to the Chief Executive Officer of a written notice from Executive that Executive has resigned with or without Good Reason. Good Reason” shall mean Executive’s resignation from employment with the Company within thirty (30) days after (i) a material diminution in Executive’s annual salary, duties, authority or responsibilities from the annual salary, duties, authority or responsibilities as in effect at the commencement of the Service Term, (ii) the Company’s failure to perform any material obligation undertaken by the Company to Executive hereunder after Executive has provided the Company with written notice of such failure and such failure has not thereafter been cured within ten (10) days of the delivery of such written notice or (iii) notice by the Company to Executive that his primary place of employment is to be relocated to a geographic area more than 50 miles from Arlington, Virginia, without Executive’s consent.

 

6.                                       Rights on Termination.

 

(a)                                   If during the Service Term Executive’s employment is terminated under Section 5 above (x) by the Company without Cause or (y) by Executive with Good Reason, then:

 

(i)                                     The Company shall pay to Executive, at the times specified in Section 6(a)(vii)  below, the following amounts (the “Severance Payments” ):

 

(1)                                   the Accrued Obligation;

 

(2)                                   Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the effective date of the termination of Executive’s employment (the Termination Date” ) for periods following his Separation From Service, to the extent not theretofore paid;

 

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(3)                                   a lump sum in cash equal to the product of (x) 1/12 of the amount of the Annual Base Salary in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date and (y) 12; and

 

(4)                                   a lump sum in cash equal to the product of (x) the monthly basic life insurance premium applicable to Executive’s basic life insurance coverage immediately prior to the Termination Date and (y) 12.  Executive may, at his option, convert his basic life insurance coverage to an individual policy after the Termination Date by completing the forms required by the Company for this purpose.

 

(ii)                                 The Company will pay, when due and payable under the Annual Bonus plan, the pro rata portion, if any, of Executive’s Annual Bonus earned up until such Termination Date.

 

(iii)                             Subject to clause (iv), for 12 months following the Termination Date the Company shall arrange to provide Executive and his dependents medical insurance benefits substantially similar to those provided to Executive and his dependents immediately prior to the Termination Date (at no greater cost to Executive than such cost to Executive in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date, or, if greater, the cost to similarly situated active employees of the Company under the applicable group health plan of the Company).  Except for any reimbursements under the applicable group health plan that are subject to a limitation on reimbursements during a specified period, the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement under this Section 6(a)(iii) , or in-kind benefits provided, during Executive’s taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits to be provided, in any other taxable year of Executive.  Executive’s right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits pursuant to this Section 6(a)(iii)  shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.  To the extent that the payments or reimbursements made pursuant to this Section 6(a)(iii)  are taxable to Executive and are not otherwise exempt from Section 409A, if Executive is a Specified Employee, any amounts to which Executive would otherwise be entitled under this Section 6(a)(iii)  during the first six months following the date of Executive’s Separation From Service shall be accumulated and paid to Executive on the date that is six months following the date of his Separation From Service.

 

(iv)                                Subject to Executive’s group health plan coverage continuation rights under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended, the benefits listed in clause (iii)  of this Section 6(a)  shall be reduced to the extent benefits of the same type are received by or made available to Executive during such period, and provided, further, that Executive shall have the obligation to notify the Company that he is entitled to or receiving such benefits.

 

(v)                                    Payments and benefits provided to Executive under this Section 6 (other than Accrued Obligations) are contingent upon Executive’s execution of a release substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto.

 

(vi)                                Executive shall not be permitted to specify the taxable year in which a payment described in this Section 6 shall be made to him.

 

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(vii)                            The Company shall pay Executive the amounts specified in Section 6(a)(i)(1)  within thirty (30) days after the Termination Date.  The Company shall pay to Executive the amounts specified in Sections 6(a)(i)(2), (3) and (4)  on the date that is six months following the date of Executive’s Separation From Service.  Further, the Company shall pay to Executive, on the date that is six months following Executive’s Separation From Service, an additional interest amount equal to the amount of interest that would be earned on the amounts specified in Sections 6(a)(i)(2), (3) and (4)  and, to the extent subject to a mandatory six-month delay in payment, the amounts specified in Section 6(a)(iii) , for the period commencing on the date of Executive’s Separation From Service until the date of payment of such amounts, calculated using an interest rate equal to the six month U.S. Treasury Rate in effect on the date of Executive’s Separation From Service.

 

(b)                                   If the Company terminates Executive’s employment for Cause, if Executive dies or is disabled (as defined in Section 5(c)  above), or if Executive resigns without Good Reason, the Company’s obligations to pay any compensation or benefits under this Agreement will cease effective as of the Termination Date and the Company shall pay to Executive the Accrued Obligation within thirty (30) days following the Termination Date.  The Company shall pay to Executive his Annual Base Salary for periods following his Separation From Service, to the extent not theretofore paid, within thirty (30) days following his Separation From Service if he is not a Specified Employee or on the date that is six months following his Separation From Service if he is a Specified Employee.  Following such payments, the Company shall have no further obligations to Executive other than as may be required by law or the terms of an employee benefit plan of the Company.

 

(c)                                   Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company’s obligation to Executive for Severance Payments or other rights under either Sections 6(a)  or (b)  above shall cease if Executive is in violation of the provisions of Sections 8 or 9 below.

 

(d)                                   If the Executive retires at age 65 or older the Company shall pay the Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the retirement date and shall also pay when due and payable under the Annual Bonus plan the pro rata portion of any Annual Bonus that may have been earned by the Executive through the retirement date.  No other amounts will be payable by the Company.

 

7.                                       Representations of Executive.

 

Executive hereby represents and warrants to the Company that the statements contained in this Section 7 are true and accurate as of the date of this Agreement.

 

(a)                                   Legal Proceedings .   Executive has not been (i) the subject of any criminal proceeding (other than a traffic violation or other minor offense) which has resulted in a conviction against Executive, nor is Executive the subject of any pending criminal proceeding (other than a traffic violation or other minor offense), (ii) indicted for, or charged in a court of competent jurisdiction with, any felony or crime of moral turpitude, (iii) the defendant in any civil complaint alleging damages in excess of $50,000, or (iv) the defendant in any civil complaint alleging sexual harassment, unfair labor practices or discrimination in the work place.

 

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(b)                                   Securities Law .   Executive has not been found in a civil action by the Securities and Exchange Commission, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, a state securities authority or any other regulatory agency to have violated any federal, state or other securities or commodities law.

 

(c)                                   Work History; Immigration Status .   Executive’s resume, previously provided by Executive to the Company, is complete and correct in all material respects, and accurately reflects Executive’s prior work history. Executive has the full legal right to be employed on a full-time basis by the Company in the United States under all applicable immigration laws on the basis of the Company’s continued willingness to employ him on a full-time basis, and has provided the Company with evidence of legal immigration status and will do so at any time upon request. The Company will, if applicable, continue to cooperate with Executive in maintaining Executive’s work visa status and/or any mutually agreeable adjustment of status.

 

(d)                                   Employment Restrictions Executive is not currently a party to any non competition, non-solicitation, confidentiality or other work-related agreement that limits or restricts Executive’s ability to work in any particular field or in any particular geographic region, whether or not such agreement would be violated by this Agreement.

 

8.                                       Confidential Information; Proprietary Information, etc.

 

(a)                                   Obligation to Maintain Confidentiality Executive acknowledges that any Proprietary Information disclosed or made available to Executive or obtained, observed or known by Executive as a direct or indirect consequence of his employment with or performance of services for the Company or any of its Subsidiaries during the course of his performance of services for, or employment with, any of the foregoing Persons (whether or not compensated for such services) and during the period in which Executive is receiving Severance Payments, are the property of the Company and its Subsidiaries. Therefore, Executive agrees that, other than in the course of performance of his duties as an employee of the Company, he will not at any time (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment) disclose or permit to be disclosed to any Person or, directly or indirectly, utilize for his own account or permit to be utilized by any Person any Proprietary Information or records pertaining to the Company, its Subsidiaries and their respective business for any reason whatsoever without the Chief Executive Officer’s consent, unless and to the extent that (except as otherwise provided in the definition of Proprietary Information) the aforementioned matters become generally known to and available for use by the public other than as a direct or indirect result of Executive’s acts or omissions to act. Executive agrees to deliver to the Company at the termination of his employment, as a condition to receipt of the next or final payment of compensation, or at any other time the Company may request in writing (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment), all records pertaining to the Company, its Subsidiaries and their respective business which he may then possess or have under his control. Executive further agrees that any property situated on the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ premises and owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries, including disks and other storage media, filing cabinets or other work areas, is subject to inspection by Company or its Subsidiaries and their personnel at any time with or without notice. Nothing in this Section 8(a)  shall be construed to prevent Executive from using his general knowledge and experience in future employment so long as Executive complies with this Section 8(a)  and the other restrictions contained in this Agreement.

 

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(b)                                   Ownership of Property Executive acknowledges that all inventions, innovations, improvements, developments, methods, processes, programs, designs, analyses, drawings, reports and all similar or related information (whether or not patentable) that relate to the Company’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ actual or anticipated business, research and development, or existing or future products or services and that are conceived, developed, contributed to, made, or reduced to practice by Executive (either solely or jointly with others) while employed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (including any of the foregoing that constitutes any Proprietary Information or records) ( “Work Product” ) belong to the Company or such Subsidiary and Executive hereby assigns, and agrees to assign, all of the above Work Product to the Company or such Subsidiary. Any copyrightable work prepared in whole or in part by Executive in the course of his work for any of the foregoing entities shall be deemed a “work made for hire” under the copyright laws, and the Company or such Subsidiary shall own all rights therein. To the extent that any such copyrightable work is not a “work made for hire,” Executive hereby assigns and agrees to assign to Company or such Subsidiary all right, title and interest, including without limitation, copyright in and to such copyrightable work. Executive shall promptly disclose such Work Product and copyrightable work to the Chief Executive Officer and perform all actions reasonably requested by the Chief Executive Officer (whether during or after Executive’s term of employment) to establish and confirm the Company’s or its Subsidiary’s ownership (including, without limitation, execution of assignments, consents, powers of attorney and other instruments). Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 8(b)  to the contrary, the Company’s ownership of Work Product does not apply to any invention that Executive develops entirely on his own time without using the equipment, supplies or facilities of the Company or Subsidiaries or any Proprietary Information (including trade secrets), except that the Company’s ownership of Work Product does include those inventions that: (i) relate to the business of the Company or its Subsidiaries or to the actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development relating to the Company’s business; or (ii) result from any work that Executive performs for the Company or its Subsidiaries.

 

(c)                                   Third Party Information Executive understands that the Company and its Subsidiaries will receive from third parties confidential or proprietary information ( “Third Party Information” ) subject to a duty on the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ part to maintain the confidentiality of such information and to use it only for certain limited purposes. During the term of Executive’s employment and thereafter, and without in any way limiting the provisions of Sections 8(a)  and 8 (b)  above, Executive shall hold Third Party Information in the strictest confidence and shall not disclose to anyone (other than personnel of the Company or its Subsidiaries who need to know such information in connection with their work for the Company or its Subsidiaries) or use, except in connection with his work for the Company or its Subsidiaries, Third Party Information unless expressly authorized by the Chief Executive Officer in writing.

 

(d)                                   Use of Information of Prior Employers, etc Executive will abide by any enforceable obligations contained in any agreements that Executive has entered into with his prior employers or other parties to whom Executive has an obligation of confidentiality.

 

(e)                                   Compelled Disclosure If Executive is required by law or governmental regulation or by subpoena or other valid legal process to disclose any Proprietary Information or Third Party Information to any Person, Executive will immediately provide the Company with

 

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written notice of the applicable law, regulation or process so that the Company may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy.  Executive will cooperate fully with the Company and the Company’s representatives in any attempt by the Company to obtain any such protective order or other remedy. If the Company elects not to seek, or is unsuccessful in obtaining, any such protective order or other remedy in connection with any requirement that Executive disclose Proprietary Information or Third Party Information then Executive may disclose such Proprietary Information or Third Party Information to the extent legally required; provided, however, that Executive will use his reasonable best efforts to ensure that such Proprietary Information is treated confidentially by each Person to whom it is disclosed.

 

9.                                       Noncompetition and Nonsolicitation.

 

(a)                                   Noncompetition . As long as Executive is an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, and for a period ending twelve (12) months following the Termination Date of Executive’s employment (the Restrictive Covenant Period” ), Executive shall not, directly or indirectly own, manage, control, participate in, consult with, render services for, or in any manner engage in any business competing with the business of producing and selling software used for learning foreign languages, including English as a foreign language or any other businesses then carried on by the Company or its Subsidiaries (the Business” ) in any geographic area in which: (i) Executive acted as an employee of the Company or its Subsidiaries and had contact with the customers of the Company or its Subsidiaries during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date, and (ii) the Company or its Subsidiaries is conducting business or has conducted business during the Restrictive Covenant Period.

 

(b)                                   Nonsolicitation As long as Executive is an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, and during the Restrictive Covenant Period thereafter, Executive shall not directly or indirectly through another entity:  (i) induce or attempt to induce any employee of the Company or any Subsidiary to leave the employ of the Company or such Subsidiary, or in any way interfere with the relationship between the Company or any Subsidiary and any employee thereof; (ii) hire or employ any person who was an employee of the Company or any Subsidiary at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date; (iii) induce or attempt to induce any customer, supplier, licensee or other business relation of the Company or any Subsidiary to cease doing business with the Company or such Subsidiary, or in any way interfere with the relationship between any such customer, supplier, licensee or business relation and the Company or any Subsidiary; (iv) solicit or provide services related to the Business to any Person who was a customer or client of the Company or any Subsidiary at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date; or (v) solicit or provide services related to the Business to any Prospective Customer. For purposes hereof, a Prospective Customer” means any Person whom the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has entertained discussions with to become a client or customer at any time during the 12-month period immediately preceding the Termination Date and who has not explicitly rejected a business relationship with the Company.

 

(c)                                   Acknowledgment Executive acknowledges that in the course of his employment with the Company and its Subsidiaries, he has and will become familiar with the trade secrets and other Proprietary Information of the Company and its Subsidiaries. Executive further acknowledges that as the General Counsel and Secretary of the Company, Executive has and

 

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will have direct or indirect responsibility, oversight or duties with respect to the businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries and its and their current and prospective employees, vendors, customers, clients and other business relations, and that, accordingly, the geographical restriction contained in this Section 9 is reasonable in all respects and necessary to protect the goodwill and Proprietary Information of the Company and that without such protection the Company’s customer and client relations and competitive advantage would be materially adversely affected.  It is specifically recognized by Executive that his services to the Company and its Subsidiaries are special, unique and of extraordinary value, that the Company has a protectable interest in prohibiting Executive as provided in this Section 9 , that Executive is responsible for the growth and development of the Company and the creation and preservation of the Company’s goodwill, that money damages are insufficient to protect such interests, that there is adequate consideration being provided to Executive hereunder, that such prohibitions are necessary and appropriate without regard to payments being made to Executive hereunder and that the Company would not enter this Agreement with Executive without the restriction of this Section 9 .  Executive further acknowledges that the restrictions contained in this Section 9 do not impose an undue hardship on him and, since he has general business skills that may be used in industries other than that in which the Company and its Subsidiaries conduct their business, do not deprive Executive of his livelihood. Executive further acknowledges that the provisions of this Section 9 are separate and independent of the other sections of this Agreement.

 

(d)                                   Enforcement, etc If, at the time of enforcement of Section 8 or 9 of this Agreement, a court holds that the restrictions stated herein are unreasonable under circumstances then existing, the parties hereto agree that the maximum duration, scope or geographical area reasonable under such circumstances as determined by the court shall be substituted for the stated period, scope or area.  Because Executive’s services are unique, because Executive has access to Proprietary Information and for the other reasons set forth herein, the parties hereto agree that money damages would be an inadequate remedy for any breach of this Agreement. Therefore, without limiting the generality of Section 12(f), in the event of a breach or threatened breach of this Agreement, the Company or its successors or assigns may, in addition to other rights and remedies existing in their favor, apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for specific performance and/or injunctive or other relief in order to enforce, or prevent any violations of, the provisions hereof (without posting a bond or other security).

 

(e)                                   Submission to Jurisdiction The parties hereby: (i) submit to the jurisdiction of any state or federal court sitting in the Commonwealth of Virginia in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to Section 8 and/or 9 of this Agreement; (ii) agree that all claims in respect of such action or proceeding may be heard or determined in any such court; and (iii) agree not to bring any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to Section 8 and/or 9 of this Agreement in any other court. The parties hereby waive any defense of inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any action or proceeding so brought. The parties hereby agree that a final judgment in any action or proceeding so brought shall be conclusive and may be enforced by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.

 

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GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

10.                                Definitions.

 

Accrued Obligation means the sum of (a) Executive’s Annual Base Salary through the Termination Date for periods through but not following his Separation From Service and (b) any accrued vacation pay earned by Executive, in each case, to the extent not theretofore paid.

 

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any particular Person, any other Person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such particular Person. A Subsidiary of the Company shall be an Affiliate of the Company.

 

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any committee of the Board, such as the Compensation Committee, to which the Board has delegated applicable authority.

 

Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

“Person” means any individual or corporation, association, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, joint stock or other company, business trust, trust, organization, university, college, governmental authority or other entity of any kind.

 

“Proprietary Information” means any and all data and information concerning the business affairs of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and not generally known in the industry in which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become engaged, and any other information concerning any matters affecting or relating to the Company’s or its Subsidiaries businesses, but in any event Proprietary Information shall include, any of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ past, present or prospective business opportunities, including information concerning acquisition opportunities in or reasonably related to the Company’s or its Subsidiaries businesses or industries, customers, customer lists, clients, client lists, the prices the Company and its Subsidiaries obtain or have obtained from the sale of, or at which they sell or have sold, their products, unit volume of sales to past or present customers and clients, or any other information concerning the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, their manner of operation, their plans, processes, figures, sales figures, projections, estimates, tax records, personnel history, accounting procedures, promotions, supply sources, contracts, know-how, trade secrets, information relating to research, development, inventions, technology, manufacture, purchasing, engineering, marketing, merchandising or selling, or other data without regard to whether all of the foregoing matters will be deemed confidential, material or important. Proprietary Information does not include any information that Executive has obtained from a Person other than an employee of the Company or a Subsidiary, which was disclosed to him without a breach of a duty of confidentiality.

 

Section 409A ” means s ection 409A of the Code and the final Department of Treasury regulations issued thereunder.

 

Separation From Service shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 409A.

 

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Specified Employee means a person who is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A, taking into account the elections made and procedures established in resolutions adopted by the Board.

 

“Subsidiary” means any company of which the Company owns securities having a majority of the ordinary voting power in electing the board of directors directly or through one or more subsidiaries.

 

11.                                Notices.

 

Any notice provided for in this Agreement must be in writing and must be mailed, personally delivered or sent by reputable overnight courier service (charges prepaid) to the recipient at the address below indicated:

 

If to the Company :

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.
1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

Attention:  Chief Executive Officer

 

With a copy to

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.
1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

Attention:  General Counsel

 

If to Executive :

 

Michael Wu
c/o Rosetta Stone Ltd.

1919 North Lynn Street

7 th  Floor

Arlington, VA 22209

 

or such other address or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party shall have specified by prior written notice to the sending party. Any notice under this Agreement will be deemed to have been given when delivered or, if mailed, five (5) business days after deposit in the U.S. mail.

 

12.                                Miscellaneous.

 

(a)                                   Severability Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement will be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision

 

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of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law or rule in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other provision or any other jurisdiction, but this Agreement will be reformed, construed and enforced in such jurisdiction as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein.

 

(b)                                   Complete Agreement This Agreement, those documents expressly referred to herein and other documents of even date herewith embody the complete agreement and understanding among the parties and supersede and preempt any prior understandings, agreements or representations by or among the parties, written or oral, which may have related to the subject matter hereof in any way , including, without limitation, that certain offer letter between the Company and Executive dated as of November 14, 2006.

 

(c)                                   Counterparts; Facsimile Transmission This Agreement may be executed in separate counterparts, each of which is deemed to be an original and all of which taken together constitute one and the same agreement. Each party to this Agreement agrees that its own telecopied signature will bind it and that it accepts the telecopied signature of each other party to this Agreement.

 

(d)                                   Successors and Assigns .  Except as otherwise provided herein, this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by Executive, the Company and their respective successors and assigns; provided that the rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement shall not be assignable without the prior written consent of the other party, except for assignments by operation of law and assignments by the Company to any successor of the Company by merger, consolidation, combination or sale of assets. Any purported assignment in violation of these provisions shall be void ab initio.

 

(e)                                   Choice of Law; Jurisdiction All questions or disputes concerning this Agreement and the exhibits hereto will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the Commonwealth of Virginia or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The parties hereby: (i) submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any state or federal court sitting in the Commonwealth of Virginia in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement; and (ii) agree that all claims in respect of such action or proceeding may be heard or determined in any such court. Each party hereby waives any defense of inconvenient forum to the maintenance of any action or proceeding so brought. The parties hereby agree that a final judgment in any action or proceeding so brought shall be conclusive and may be enforced by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.

 

(f)                                     Remedies Each of the parties to this Agreement will be entitled to enforce its rights under this Agreement specifically, to recover damages and costs (including attorney’s fees) caused by any breach of any provision of this Agreement and to exercise all other rights existing in its favor. The parties hereto agree and acknowledge that money damages may not be an adequate remedy for any breach of the provisions of this Agreement and that any party may in its sole discretion apply to any court of law or equity of competent jurisdiction (without posting

 

13



 

any bond or deposit) for specific performance and/or other injunctive relief in order to enforce or prevent any violations of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

(g)                                  Amendment and Waiver The provisions of this Agreement may be amended or waived only with the prior written consent of the Company and Executive.

 

(h)                                  Business Days If any time period for giving notice or taking action hereunder expires on a day which is a Saturday, Sunday or holiday in the state in which the Company’s chief executive office is located, the time period shall be automatically extended to the business day immediately following, such Saturday, Sunday or holiday.  The provisions of this Section 12(h)  shall not apply to determine the date an amount is payable under Section 3(c)(ii)  or 6 .

 

(i)                                     Termination This Agreement (except for the provisions of Sections 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 12 and 13 ) shall survive the termination of Executive’s employment with the Company and shall remain in full force and effect after such termination.

 

(j)                                     No Waiver A waiver by any party hereto of any right or remedy hereunder on any one occasion shall not be construed as a bar to any right or remedy that such party would otherwise have on any future occasion. Neither failure to exercise nor any delay in exercising on the part of any party hereto, any right, power or privilege hereunder shall preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. The rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative and may be exercised singly or concurrently, and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law.

 

(k)                                 Insurance The Company, at its discretion, may apply for and procure in its own name for its own benefit life and/or disability insurance with respect to Executive in any amount or amounts considered available provided, however, that such procurement of insurance does not restrict the amount of insurance that Executive may obtain for his own personal use. Executive agrees to cooperate in any medical or other examination, supply any information, and to execute and deliver any applications or other instruments in writing as may be reasonably necessary to obtain and constitute such insurance. Executive hereby represents that he has no reason to believe that his life is not insurable at rates now prevailing for healthy men of his age.

 

(l)                                     Withholding of Taxes on Behalf of Executive The Company and its Subsidiaries shall be entitled to deduct or withhold from any amounts owing from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to Executive any federal, state, provincial, local or foreign withholding taxes, excise taxes, or employment taxes ( “Taxes” ) imposed with respect to Executive’s compensation or other payments from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or Executive’s ownership interest in the Company, including, but not limited to, wages, bonuses, dividends, the receipt or exercise of stock options and/or the receipt or vesting of restricted stock.

 

(m)                               Waiver of Jury Trial BOTH PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT AGREE THAT ANY ACTION, DEMAND, CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM RELATING TO THE TERMS AND PROVISIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT, OR TO ITS BREACH, MAY BE COMMENCED IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA IN A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION.  BOTH PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT FURTHER AGREE THAT ANY ACTION, DEMAND, CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM SHALL BE RESOLVED

 

14



 

BY A JUDGE ALONE, AND BOTH PARTIES HEREBY WAIVE AND FOREVER RENOUNCE THAT RIGHT TO A TRIAL BEFORE A CIVIL JURY.

 

13.                                Certain Additional Payments by the Company.

 

(a)                                   Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding and except as set forth below, in the event it shall be determined that any payment or distribution by, or benefit from, the Company or an Affiliate or any person who acquires ownership or effective control or ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets (within the meaning of section 280G of the Code) or by any Affiliate of such person, to or for the benefit of Executive (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or otherwise, but determined without regard to any additional payments required under this Section 13 ) (a “ Payment ”) would be subject to the excise tax imposed by section 4999 of the Code or any interest or penalties are incurred by Executive with respect to such excise tax (such excise tax, together with any such interest and penalties, are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “ Excise Tax ”), then Executive shall be entitled to receive an additional payment (a “ Gross-Up Payment ”) in an amount such that after payment by Executive of all taxes (including any interest or penalties imposed with respect to such taxes), including without limitation, any income taxes (and any interest and penalties imposed with respect thereto) and Excise Tax imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, Executive retains an amount of the Gross-Up Payment equal to the Excise Tax imposed upon the Payments.  Any Gross-Up Payment that the Company is required to make to reimburse Executive for federal, state and local taxes imposed upon Executive, including the amount of additional taxes imposed upon Executive due to the Company’s payment of the initial taxes on such amounts, shall be made by the Company by the end of Executive’s taxable year next following Executive’s taxable year in which Executive remits the related taxes to the taxing authority.

 

(b)                                   Subject to the provisions of Section 13(c) , all determinations required to be made under this Section 13 , including whether and when a Gross-Up Payment is required and the amount of such Gross-Up Payment and the assumptions to be utilized in arriving at such determination, shall be made by a nationally recognized accounting firm that is (i) not serving as accountant or auditor for the person who acquires ownership or effective control or ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets (within the meaning of section 280G of the Code) or any Affiliate of such person and (ii) agreed upon by the Company and Executive (the “ Accounting Firm ”).  The Accounting Firm shall provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and Executive within 15 business days after appointment by the Company and Executive and receipt of notice from Executive that there has been a Payment, or such earlier time as is requested by the Company.  All fees and expenses of the Accounting Firm shall be borne solely by the Company.  Any Gross-Up Payment, as determined pursuant to this Section 13 , shall be paid by the Company to Executive within five days after the receipt of the Accounting Firm’s determination and in no event later than the payment deadline specified in Section 13(a) .  Any determination by the Accounting Firm shall be binding upon the Company and Executive.  As a result of the uncertainty in the application of section 4999 of the Code at the time of the initial determination by the Accounting Firm hereunder, it is possible that Gross-Up Payments that will not have been made by the Company should have been made (“ Underpayment ”), consistent with the calculations required to be made hereunder.  In the event that the Company exhausts its remedies pursuant to Section 13(c)  and Executive thereafter is

 

15



 

required to make a payment of any Excise Tax, the Accounting Firm shall determine the amount of the Underpayment that has occurred and any such Underpayment shall be promptly paid by the Company to or for the benefit of Executive.

 

(c)                                   Executive shall notify the Company in writing of any claim by the Internal Revenue Service, state or other taxing authority (“ Taxing Authority ”) that, if successful, would require the payment by the Company of the Gross-Up Payment (or an additional Gross-Up Payment) in the event the Taxing Authority seeks higher payment.  Such notification shall be given as soon as practicable, but no later than ten business days after Executive is informed in writing of such claim, and shall apprise the Company of the nature of such claim and the date on which such claim is requested to be paid.  Executive shall not pay such claim prior to the expiration of the 30-day period following the date on which he gives such notice to the Company (or such shorter period ending on the date that any payment of taxes with respect to such claim is due).  If the Company notifies Executive in writing prior to the expiration of such period that it desires to contest such claim, Executive shall:

 

(i)                                     give the Company any information reasonably requested by the Company relating to such claim,

 

(ii)                                 take such action in connection with contesting such claim as the Company shall reasonably request in writing from time to time, including without limitation, accepting legal representation with respect to such claim by an attorney reasonably selected by the Company,

 

(iii)                             cooperate with the Company in good faith in order to effectively contest such claim, and

 

(iv)                                permit the Company to participate in any proceedings relating to such claim; provided, however, that the Company shall bear and pay directly all costs and expenses (including additional interest and penalties) incurred at any time during the period that ends ten years following the lifetime of Executive in connection with such proceedings and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, for any Excise Tax and income tax (including interest and penalties with respect thereto) imposed as a result of such representation and payment of costs and expenses.  Without limitation on the foregoing provisions of this Section 13(c) , the Company shall control all proceedings taken in connection with such contest and, at its sole option, may pursue or forego any and all administrative appeals, proceedings, hearings and conferences with the Taxing Authority in respect of such claim and may, at its sole option, either direct Executive to pay the tax claimed and sue for a refund or contest the claim in any permissible manner, and Executive agrees to prosecute such contest to determination before any administrative tribunal, in a court of initial jurisdiction and in one or more appellate courts, as the Company shall determine; provided, however, that if the Company directs Executive to pay such claim and sue for a refund, the Company shall advance the amount of such payment to Executive, on an interest-free basis and shall indemnify and hold Executive harmless, on an after-tax basis, from any Excise Tax or income tax (including interest or penalties with respect thereto) imposed with respect to such advance or with respect to any imputed income with respect to such advance; and further provided that any extension of the statute of limitations relating to payment of taxes for the taxable year of Executive with respect to which such

 

16



 

contested amount is claimed to be due is limited solely to such contested amount.  The Company shall not direct Executive to pay such a claim and sue for a refund if, due to the prohibitions of section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Company may not advance to Executive the amount necessary to pay such claim.  The Company’s control of the contest shall be limited to issues with respect to which a Gross-Up Payment would be payable hereunder and Executive shall be entitled to settle or contest, as the case may be, any other issues raised by the Taxing Authority.  The costs and expenses that are subject to be paid pursuant to this Section 13(c)  shall not be limited as a result of when the costs or expenses are incurred.  The amounts of costs or expenses that are eligible for payment pursuant to this Section 13(c)(iv)  during a given taxable year of Executive shall not affect the amount of costs or expenses eligible for payment in any other taxable year of Executive.  The right to payment of costs and expenses pursuant to this Section 13(c)(iv)  is not subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.  Any payment due under this Section 13(c)(iv)  to reimburse Executive for any taxes shall be made to Executive by the Company by the end of Executive’s taxable year following Executive’s taxable year in which Executive remits the related taxes to the applicable taxing authorities.

 

(d)                                   If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 13(c) , Executive becomes entitled to receive any refund with respect to such claim, Executive shall (subject to the Company’s complying with the requirements of Section 13(c) ) promptly pay to the Company the amount of such refund (together with any interest paid or credited thereon after taxes applicable thereto.  If, after the receipt by Executive of an amount advanced by the Company pursuant to Section 13(c) , a determination is made that Executive shall not be entitled to any refund with respect to such claim and the Company does not notify Executive in writing of its intent to contest such denial of refund prior to the expiration of 30 days after such determination, then such advance shall not be required to be repaid.

 

14.                                Indemnification.

 

During and following the employment period, the Company shall indemnify Executive and hold Executive harmless from and against any claim, loss or cause of action arising from or out of Executive’s performance as an officer, director or employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or in any other capacity, including any fiduciary capacity, in which Executive serves at the request of Company to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law and the Company’s By-Laws. Expenses incurred in defending or investigating a threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of Executive to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company. To the extent that the Company reduces the indemnity rights provided for under its By-Laws after execution of this Agreement, the Company’s indemnity obligations hereunder shall be unaffected (to the extent permitted by applicable law).

 

[Signature pages  follow]

 

17



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on the date first written above.

 

 

Rosetta Stone Ltd.

 

 

 

By:

 

 

Tom Adams, Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 

EXECUTIVE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Michael Wu

 

18


 

EXHIBIT A

 

Form of Release

 

19



 

Legal Release

 

This Legal Release (“ Release ”) is between Rosetta Stone Ltd. (the “ Company ”) and Michael Wu (“ Executive ”) (each a “ Party ,” and together, the “ Parties ”). For purposes of this Agreement “Effective Date” shall mean the date on which Executive signs this Agreement.

 

Recitals

 

A.                                    Executive and the Company are parties to a Employment Agreement to which this Release is appended as Exhibit A (the “ Employment Agreement ”).

 

B.                                      Executive wishes to receive the Severance Benefit described Section 6(a) of the Employment Agreement.

 

C.                                      Executive and the Company wish to resolve, except as specifically set forth herein, all claims between them arising from or relating to any act or omission predating the Separation Date defined below.

 

Agreement

 

The Parties agree as follows:

 

1.                                        Confirmation of Severance Benefit Obligation . The Company shall pay or provide to Executive the entire Severance Benefit, as, when and on the terms and conditions specified in the Employment Agreement.

 

2.                                        Legal Releases

 

(a)                                   Executive, on behalf of Executive and Executive’s heirs, personal representatives and assigns, and any other person or entity that could or might act on behalf of Executive, including, without limitation, Executive’s counsel (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Executive Releasers”), hereby fully and forever releases and discharges the Company, its present and future affiliates and subsidiaries, and each of their past, present and future officers, directors, employees, shareholders, independent contractors, attorneys, insurers and any and all other persons or entities that are now or may become liable to any Releaser due to any Executive Releasee’s act or omission, (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Executive Releasees”) of and from any and all actions, causes of action, claims, demands, costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, of every kind and nature whatsoever, in law or in equity, whether now known or unknown, that Executive Releasers, or any person acting under any of them, may now have, or claim at any future time to have, based in whole or in part upon any act or omission occurring on or before the Effective Date, without regard to present actual knowledge of such acts or omissions, including specifically, but not by way of limitation, matters which may arise at common law, such as breach of contract, express or implied, promissory estoppel, wrongful discharge, tortious interference with contractual rights, infliction of emotional distress, defamation, or under federal, state or local laws, such as the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, the National Labor Relations Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Equal Pay Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave

 

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Act, and any civil rights law of any state or other governmental body; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else contained in this Agreement, the release set forth in this Section shall not extend to: (i) any rights arising under this Agreement; (ii) any vested rights under any pension, retirement, profit sharing or similar plan; or (iii) Executive’s rights, if any, to indemnification, and/or defense under any Company certificate of incorporation, bylaw and/or policy or procedure, or under any insurance contract or any indemnification agreement with the Company, in connection with Executive’s acts an omissions within the course and scope of Executive’s employment with the Company.  Executive hereby warrants that Executive has not assigned or transferred to any person any portion of any claim which is released, waived and discharged above. Executive further states and agrees that Executive has not experienced any illness, injury, or disability that is compensable or recoverable under the worker’s compensation laws of any state that was not reported to the Company by Executive before the Effective Date, and Executive agrees not to not file a worker’s compensation claim asserting the existence of any such previously undisclosed illness, injury, or disability. Executive has specifically consulted with counsel with respect to the agreements, representations, and declarations set forth in the previous sentence. Executive understands and agrees that by signing this Agreement Executive is giving up any right to bring any legal claim against the Company concerning, directly or indirectly, Executive’s employment relationship with the Company, including Executive’s separation from employment.  Executive agrees that this legal release is intended to be interpreted in the broadest possible manner in favor of the Company, to include all actual or potential legal claims that Executive may have against the Company, except as specifically provided otherwise in this Agreement.

 

(b)                                  The Company, for itself, its affiliates, and any other person or entity that could or might act on behalf of it including, without limitation, its attorneys (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Company Releasers”), hereby fully and forever release and discharge Executive, Executive’s heirs, representatives, assigns, attorneys, and any and all other persons or entities that are now or may become liable to any Company Releaser on account of Executive’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom (all of whom are collectively referred to as “Company Releasees”) of and from any and all actions, causes of action, claims, demands, costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, of every kind and nature whatsoever, in law or in equity, whether now known or unknown, that the Company Releasers, or any person acting under any of them, may now have, or claim at any future time to have, based in whole or in part upon any act or omission relating to Employee’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom, without regard to present actual knowledge of such acts or omissions; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else contained in this Agreement, the release set forth in this Section shall not extend to: (i) any rights arising under this Agreement; (ii) a breach of fiduciary duty or other misconduct that renders Executive ineligible for indemnification by the Company under applicable law, or any right of recovery by the Company for Executive’s breach of fiduciary duty or misconduct in his capacity as a director of the Company under applicable law; or (iii) any claim or claims that the Company may have against Executive as of the Effective Date of which the Company is not aware as of the Effective Date because of willful concealment by Executive.  The Company understands and agrees that by signing this Agreement, it is giving up its right to bring any legal claim against Executive concerning, directly or indirectly, Executive’s employment relationship with the Company.  The Company agrees that this legal release is intended to be interpreted in the broadest possible manner in favor of Executive, to include all actual or potential legal claims that the Company

 

21



 

may have against Executive relating to Employee’s employment with the Company or separation therefrom, except as specifically provided otherwise in this Agreement.

 

(c)                                   In order to provide a full and complete release, each of the Parties understands and agrees that this Release is intended to include all claims, if any, covered under this Paragraph 2 that such Party may have and not now know or suspect to exist in his or its favor against any other Party and that this Release extinguishes such claims.  Thus, each of the Parties expressly waives all rights under any statute or common law principle in any jurisdiction that provides, in effect, that a general release does not extend to claims which the releasing party does not know or suspect to exist in his favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him must have materially affected his settlement with the party being released.

 

(d)                                  Executive acknowledges that he consulted with an attorney of his choosing before signing this the Employment Agreement and this Release, and that the Company provided him with no fewer than twenty-one (21) days during which to consider the provisions of the Employment Agreement and this Release and, specifically the release set forth at Paragraph 2(a), above, although Executive may sign and return the Release sooner if he so chooses.  Executive further acknowledges that he has the right to revoke this Release for a period of seven (7) days after signing it and that this Release shall not become effective until such seven (7)-day period has expired. Executive acknowledges and agrees that if he wishes to revoke this Release, he must do so in writing, and that such revocation must be signed by Executive and received by the Company in care of the Chief Executive Officer no later than 5 p.m. (Eastern Time) on the seventh (7th) day after Executive has signed this Release. Executive acknowledges and agrees that, in the event that he revokes this Release, he shall have no right to receive the Severance Benefit. Executive represents that he has read this Release, including the release set forth in Paragraph 2(a), above, affirms that this Release and the Employment Agreement provide him with benefits to which he would not otherwise be entitled, and understands its terms and that he enters into this Release freely, voluntarily, and without coercion.

 

3.                                        Executive acknowledges that he has received all compensation to which he is entitled for his work up to his last day of employment with the Company, and that he is not entitled to any further pay or benefit of any kind, for services rendered or any other reason, other than the Severance Benefit.

 

4.                                        Executive agrees that the only thing of value that he will receive by signing this Release is the Severance Benefit.

 

5.                                        The Parties agree that their respective rights and obligations under the Employment Agreement shall survive the execution of this Release.

 

6.                                        The parties understand and agree that this Agreement shall not be construed as an admission of liability on the part of any person or entity, liability being expressly denied.

 

7.                                        Executive represents and warrants to the Company that, prior to the Effective Date, Executive did not disclose to any person, other than to Executive’s spouse, tax advisor and counsel, the terms of this Agreement or the circumstances under which the matter that is the subject of this Agreement has been resolved.  After the Effective Date, neither Executive,

 

22



 

counsel for Executive, nor any other person under Executive’s control shall disclose any term of this Agreement or the circumstances of Executive’s separation from the Company, except that Executive may disclose such information to Executive’s spouse, or as required by subpoena or court order, or to an attorney or accountant to the extent necessary to obtain professional advice.  Executive shall not be entitled to rely upon the foregoing exception for disclosures pursuant to subpoena or court order unless Executive has given the Company written notice, within three business days following service of the subpoena or court order.

 

8.                                        Executive covenants never to disparage or speak ill of the Company or any the Company product or service, or of any past or present employee, officer or director of the Company, nor shall Executive at any time harass or behave unprofessionally toward any past, present or future the Company employee, officer or director.

 

9.                                        Executive acknowledges that because of Executive’s position with the Company, Executive may possess information that may be relevant to or discoverable in connection with claims, litigation or judicial, arbitral or investigative proceedings initiated by a private party or by a regulator, governmental entity, or self-regulatory organization, that relates to or arises from matters with which Executive was involved during Executive’s employment with the Company, or that concern matters of which Executive has information or knowledge (collectively, a “Proceeding”). Executive agrees that Executive shall testify truthfully in connection with any such Proceeding, shall cooperate with the Company in connection with every such Proceeding, and that Executive’s duty of cooperation shall include an obligation to meet with the Company representatives and/or counsel concerning all such Proceedings for such purposes, and at such times and places, as the Company reasonably requests, and to appear for deposition and/or testimony upon the Company’s request and without a subpoena.  The Company shall reimburse Executive for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses that Executive incurs in honoring Executive’s obligation of cooperation under this Section 9.

 

10.                                  Miscellaneous Terms and Conditions

 

(a)                                   Each party understands and agrees that Executive or it assumes all risk that the facts or law may be, or become, different than the facts or law as believed by the party at the time Executive or it executes this Agreement.  Executive and the Company acknowledge that their relationship precludes any affirmative obligation of disclosure, and expressly disclaim all reliance upon information supplied or concealed by the adverse party or its counsel in connection with the negotiation and/or execution of this Agreement.

 

(b)                                  The parties warrant and represent that they have been offered no promise or inducement except as expressly provided in this Agreement, and that this Agreement is not in violation of or in conflict with any other agreement of either party.

 

(c)                                   All covenants and warranties contained in this Agreement are contractual and shall survive the closing of this Agreement.

 

(d)                                  Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding in all respects upon, and shall inure to the benefit of, the parties’ heirs, successors and assigns.

 

23



 

(e)                                   Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, irrespective of the choice of law rules of any jurisdiction.

 

(f)                                     Should any provision of this Agreement be declared illegal or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction and cannot be modified to be enforceable, such provision shall immediately become null and void, leaving the remainder of this Agreement in full force and effect. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Section 2(a), above, is declared void or unenforceable, then this Agreement shall be null and void and both parties shall be restored to the positions that they occupied before the Agreement’s execution (meaning that, among other things, all sums paid by the Company pursuant to Section 1, above, shall be immediately refunded to the Company); provided that in such circumstances this Agreement and the facts and circumstances relating to its execution shall be inadmissible in any later proceeding between the parties, and the statutes of limitations applicable to claims asserted in the proceeding shall be deemed to have been tolled for the period between the Effective Date and 10 days after the date on which Section 2(a) is declared unenforceable.

 

(g)                                  This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties and a complete merger of prior negotiations and agreements.

 

(h)                                  This Agreement shall not be modified except in a writing signed by the parties.

 

(i)                                      Waiver.  No term or condition of this Agreement shall be deemed to have been waived, nor shall there be an estoppel against the enforcement of any provision of this Agreement, except by a writing signed by the party charged with the waiver or estoppel.  No waiver of any breach of this Agreement shall be deemed a waiver of any later breach of the same provision or any other provision of this Agreement.

 

(j)                                      Headings are intended solely as a convenience and shall not control the meaning or interpretation of any provision of this Agreement.

 

(k)                                   Pronouns contained in this Agreement shall apply equally to the feminine, neuter and masculine genders.  The singular shall include the plural, and the plural shall include the singular.

 

(l)                                      Each party shall promptly execute, acknowledge and deliver any additional document or agreement that the other party reasonably believes is necessary to carry out the purpose or effect of this Agreement.

 

(m)                                Any party contesting the validity or enforceability of any term of this Agreement shall be required to prove by clear and convincing evidence fraud, concealment, failure to disclose material information, unconscionability, misrepresentation or mistake of fact or law.

 

(n)                                  The parties acknowledge that they have reviewed this Agreement in its entirety and have had a full and fair opportunity to negotiate its terms and to consult with counsel of their own choosing concerning the meaning and effect of this Agreement.  Each party therefore waives all applicable rules of construction that any provision of this Agreement should

 

24



 

be construed against its drafter, and agrees that all provisions of the agreement shall be construed as a whole, according to the fair meaning of the language used.

 

(o)                                  Every dispute arising from or relating to this Agreement shall be tried only in the state or federal courts situated in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The parties consent to venue in those courts, and agree that those courts shall have personal jurisdiction over them in, and subject matter jurisdiction concerning, any such action.

 

(p)                                  In any action relating to or arising from this Agreement, or involving its application, the party substantially prevailing shall recover from the other party the expenses incurred by the prevailing party in connection with the action, including court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees.

 

(q)                                  This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, or by copies transmitted by telecopier, all of which shall be given the same force and effect as the original.

 

[SIGNATURES FOLLOW]

 

25



 

NOTE: DO NOT SIGN THIS SUPPLEMENTAL LEGAL RELEASE UNTIL AFTER EXECUTIVE’S FINAL DAY OF EMPLOYMENT.

 

 

ROSETTA STONE LTD.

 

EXECUTIVE

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

[name, title]

 

Michael Wu

 

 

 

Date:

 

 

Date:

 

 

26




Exhibit 23.1

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

We consent to the use in this Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement No. 333-153632 of our report dated February 23, 2009, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Rosetta Stone Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2008 and for the period from January 4, 2006 through December 31, 2006 and for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, and the consolidated financial statements of Fairfield & Sons, Ltd. and subsidiary for the period from January 1, 2006 through January 4, 2006, (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph referring to the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (“FIN No. 48”)), appearing in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement.

 

We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Prospectus.

 

 

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

McLean, Virginia

February 23, 2009

 




Exhibit 99.5

 

 

1919 North Lynn Street, 7th Floor, Arlington, VA 22209 USA

T (703) 387-5800  F (540) 432-0953

(800) 788-0822

RosettaStone.com

 

February 20, 2009

 

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL

 

Roumen Vesselinov, Ph.D.

Visiting Assistant Professor

Queens College

City University of New York

New York City, NY

 

Re: Consent to Use of Data

 

Dear Dr. Vesselinov:

 

Rosetta Stone Inc. (“Rosetta Stone”) is contemplating an initial public offering of its common stock.  In connection with this offering, Rosetta Stone proposes to file a Form S-1 registration statement (“Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

We request your consent to cite, in the Registration Statement and all amendments thereto, certain data contained in the January, 2009 Final Report that we commissioned from you entitled “ Measuring the Effectiveness of Rosetta Stone” and to cite you as the author of this study.   Specifically, we seek to include the following statement in the Registration Statement:

 

“Effective Products.  We believe our solutions are effective.  According to a January 2009 study we commissioned from Roumen Vesselinov, Ph.D, visiting assistant professor, Queens College, City University of New York, after 55 hours of study the average WebCAPE score will be at a level sufficient to fulfill the requirements for one semester of study in a college that offers six semesters of Spanish.  Statistically, the study concluded that such an outcome would occur with 95% confidence.   WebCAPE, which stands for Wed-based Computer Adaptive Placement Exam, is a standardized test which, according to their website, is used by over 500 colleges and universities for placement.  In addition, approximately 64% of the students participating in the study increased their oral proficiency by at least one level on a seven-level scale based on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages OPIc test, which is used worldwide by academic institutions, government agencies, and private corporations for evaluating oral language proficiency.”

 

If this is acceptable, please indicate your consent to our inclusion of this statement in the Registration Statement by countersigning this letter.  Please email or fax the executed consent to my attention at (703) 516-2192 or bghrist@rosettastone.com, and return the original executed

 



 

consent to me at 1919 N. Lynn Street, Arlington, VA 22209.  Please call me at (703) 387-5919 if you have any questions.  Given the urgency of this request, you prompt attention to this matter is greatly appreciated.

 

Please note that Rosetta Stone has not made any public announcement of the proposed public offering and appreciates your maintaining the confidentiality of the subject matter of this letter.  In order not to jeopardize the offering, it is critical that you keep confidential Rosetta Stone’s plans with respect to its initial public offering.  Accordingly, please do not discuss the offering with third parties.

 

 

Sincerely,

 

 

 

ROSETTA STONE INC.

 

 

 

/s/ Bruce Ghrist

 

Bruce Ghrist

 

Vice President & Associate General Counsel

 

 

 

 

CONSENT GRANTED :

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Roumen Vesselinov, Ph.D.

 

Roumen Vesselinov, Ph.D.

 

 

 

Date:

2/20/09

 

 

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