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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)    
ý   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010

or

o

 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                        to                         

Commission file number: 000-50797

MOMENTA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  04-3561634
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
(Address of principal executive offices) (zip code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (617) 491-9700

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class   Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value   NASDAQ Global Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

         Indicate by check mark if registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  o     No  ý

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes  o     No  ý

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ý     No  o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  o     No  o

         Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer o   Accelerated filer ý   Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  o     No  ý

         The aggregate market value of the registrant's voting shares of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2010, based on $12.26 per share, the last reported sale price of Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on that date, was $423,233,602.

         As of February 28, 2011, the registrant had 49,938,862 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

          DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

         Portions of the information required by Part III of Form 10-K will appear in the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and are hereby incorporated by reference into this report.


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
   
  Page  

PART I

           

Item 1.

 

BUSINESS

    1  

Item 1A.

 

RISK FACTORS

    27  

Item 1B.

 

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

    50  

Item 2.

 

PROPERTIES

    50  

Item 3.

 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

    50  

Item 4.

 

RESERVED

    51  

PART II

           

Item 5.

 

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

    52  

Item 6.

 

SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

    54  

Item 7.

 

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

    56  

Item 7A.

 

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

    71  

Item 8.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

    72  

Item 9.

 

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

    99  

Item 9A.

 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

    99  

Item 9B.

 

OTHER INFORMATION

    101  

PART III

           

Item 10.

 

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

    102  

Item 11.

 

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

    102  

Item 12.

 

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

    102  

Item 13.

 

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

    102  

Item 14.

 

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

    102  

PART IV

           

Item 15.

 

EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

    103  

SIGNATURES

   
104
 

EXHIBIT INDEX

   
105
 

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         Statements contained or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not based on historical fact are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, projections, intentions, goals, strategies, plans, prospects and the beliefs and assumptions of our management including, without limitation, our expectations regarding results of operations, general and administrative expenses, research and development expenses, current and future development and manufacturing efforts, regulatory filings, clinical trial results and the sufficiency of our cash for future operations. Forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "could increase the likelihood," "hope," "target," "project," "goals," "potential," "predict," "might," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "is planned," "may," "should," "will," "will enable," "would be expected," "look forward," "may provide," "would" or similar terms, variations of such terms or the negative of those terms.

         We cannot assure investors that our assumptions and expectations will prove to have been correct. Important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated or implied by forward-looking statements. Such factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those factors discussed below under Part I Item 1A "Risk Factors". We undertake no intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.


PART I

Item 1.    BUSINESS


The Company

        We are a biotechnology company specializing in the characterization and process engineering of complex molecules. These complex molecules include proteins, polypeptides, and cell surface polysaccharides, like heparan-sulfate proteoglycans, or HSPGs. This results in a diversified product portfolio and pipeline of complex generic, follow-on biologic, and novel drugs derived from our proprietary, innovative technology platform which we leverage to study the structure (thorough characterization of chemical components), structure-process (understand, design and control of manufacturing process), and structure-activity (understand and relate structure to biological and clinical activity) of complex molecule drugs. Our product, development and research programs are outlined below.


Product and Development Programs

 
  Product and Product Candidate Category
 
  Heparin or
Heparan-Sulfate
ProteoGlycan
(HSPG) Based
  Complex Polypeptide   Therapeutic Protein
Complex Generics   Enoxaparin sodium
injection (Generic
Lovenox®)
  M356 (Generic Copaxone®)    

Follow-On Biologics

 

 

 

 

 

Development Candidates

Novel Drug Candidates

 

Adomiparin (M118) (anti-coagulant)
M402 (anti-cancer)

 

 

 

 

        Our complex generics and follow-on biologics activities are focused on building a thorough understanding of the structure-process-activity of complex molecule drugs to develop generic versions

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of marketed products. While we use a similar analytical and development approach across all of our programs, we tailor that approach for each specific program. Our first objective is to apply our core analytical technology to thoroughly characterize the structure of the marketed product. By defining the chemical composition of multiple batches of the marketed product, we are able to develop an equivalence window which captures the inherent variability of the innovator's manufacturing process. Using this information we then build an extensive understanding of the structure-process relationship to thoroughly understand, design and control our manufacturing process to reproducibly manufacture an equivalent version of the marketed product. Where necessary or appropriate, and as required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, we will provide regulators with additional supportive structure-activity data (e.g., immunogenicity, pharmacodynamics). Our goal is to obtain FDA approval for and commercialize, either directly or with collaborative partners, complex generic and follow-on biologic products, thereby providing high quality, effective, safe and affordable medicines to patients in need.

        Our complex generic programs target marketed products that were originally approved by the FDA as New Drug Applications, or NDAs. Therefore, we were able to access the existing generic regulatory pathway and submit Abbreviated New Drug Applications, or ANDAs, for these products. Enoxaparin sodium injection, formerly known as M-Enoxaparin, received FDA marketing approval in July 2010 as a generic version of Lovenox®, which is used to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, and to support the treatment of acute coronary syndromes, or ACS. Lovenox is a complex mixture of polysaccharide chains derived from naturally sourced heparin. Our second major generic product program, M356, is designed to be a generic version of Copaxone® (glatiramer acetate injection), a drug that is indicated for the reduction of the frequency of relapses in patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, or RRMS. Copaxone consists of a complex mixture of polypeptide chains. With M356, we have extended our core characterization and process engineering capabilities from the characterization of complex polysaccharide mixtures to include the characterization of complex polypeptide mixtures. The ANDA for M356 is currently under FDA review.

        In addition to our two complex generic programs, our follow-on biologics (FOBs) program further extends our proprietary technology platform to include the characterization and engineering of therapeutic protein products. By thoroughly characterizing these molecules, which are derived from natural or cell-based manufacturing processes, we seek to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between the multiple steps involved in their manufacturing processes and the final product compositions. Our goal is to replicate our development approach with enoxaparin sodium injection and M356 to pursue the development and commercialization of follow-on, or "biosimilar" (including interchangeable), biologics.

        Our novel drug program leverages our characterization and process engineering capabilities to develop novel drugs by studying the structure-activity of complex mixtures. We are targeting our efforts to understand the relationship between structure and the biological and therapeutic activity of various complex molecule drug candidates. Our goal is to capitalize on the structural diversity and/or the multi-targeting potential of these complex molecules to engineer novel drug candidates that we believe will meet key unmet medical needs in various diseases. While we believe that our capabilities to engineer improved and novel complex molecule drug candidates can be applied across several product categories with significant therapeutic potential, our most advanced efforts have been in the area of HSPGs. Our lead novel HSPG-based drug candidate, adomiparin, has been engineered to possess what we believe will be an improved therapeutic profile compared with other currently marketed anticoagulants to support the treatment of ACS. M402, our second novel HSPG-based drug candidate, is in early development as a potential anti-cancer agent. We also are seeking to discover and develop additional novel HSPG-based drugs, as well as improved and novel protein drug candidates by applying our technology to better understand the function of these complex molecules in biological processes.

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Company Background

        We were incorporated in Delaware in May 2001 under the name Mimeon, Inc. In September 2002, we changed our name to Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, and our telephone number is (617) 491-9700.

        In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the terms "Momenta," "we," "us" "the Company" and "our" refer to Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

        We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and, accordingly, file reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such reports, proxy statements and other information can be read and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the Securities and Exchange Commission at the Public Reference Room, 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a web site ( http://www.sec.gov ) that contains material regarding issuers that file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

        Our Internet address is www.momentapharma.com. We are not including the information contained on our web site as a part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        We make available free of charge on our website our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.

        Our logo, trademarks, and service marks are the property of Momenta. Other trademarks or service marks appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of their respective holders.


Our Technology

        Our integrated technology platform utilizes three different types of tools to study the structure of complex molecules. First, we have accumulated a comprehensive library of enzymes that we use to break down the components of a complex molecule into smaller, more measurable units. Second, we apply proprietary improvements to established analytical techniques (such as Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry, or MALDI-MS; nuclear magnetic resonance, or NMR; and capillary electrophoresis, or CE; among others) to gather and analyze information regarding the molecular components, structure and arrangement of the chemical building blocks that comprise these complex molecules. Third, we apply proprietary mathematical modeling to describe the composition of each complex molecule product candidate and help guide the understanding of the structural analysis. It is the combination of these tools that enables us to thoroughly characterize complex HSPG, polypeptide and protein products. While a similar integrated analytical approach is applied across these different product categories, we develop a unique characterization toolkit for each specific complex molecule.

        Leveraging our increased resolution of the structural components of these complex molecules, we further develop analytical methods to thoroughly understand their structure-process relationships to design and control our manufacturing processes. In the case of our heparin and HSPG-based product candidates, for example, this includes understanding and controlling the quality of the heparin starting material as well as specific in-process parameters (such as depolymerization conditions) that impact final product composition. In the case of our therapeutic protein candidates, for example, this includes understanding and controlling which aspects of the manufacturing process (such as cell line and clonal

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selection, media and scale-up) contribute to the structural composition of the final product. The ability to better understand and control specific parameters in the manufacturing process which contribute to given structural signatures in the final product allows us to "reverse" engineer the process to manufacture our complex generic and follow-on biologic product candidates.

        Finally, we leverage our enhanced structural and process insights to further explore the relevant structure-activity relationships of these complex molecules. Through this more systematic interrogation of the interplay among the various biological systems in a particular disease, we believe we can "engineer" novel HSPGs and therapeutic protein drugs to address key unmet medical needs.


Product Programs—Complex Generic and Follow-On Biologics

Overview

        Our pipeline of complex generic and FOBs programs leverages our technology platform across three categories—heparins (enoxaparin sodium injection), polypeptides (M356), and therapeutic proteins. The goal for all of the programs is to utilize an abbreviated regulatory pathway to develop and commercialize generic versions of marketed products.

Enoxaparin sodium injection—Generic Lovenox

        Enoxaparin sodium injection, our first product to receive marketing approval under an ANDA, is a generic version of Lovenox, a complex drug consisting of a mixture of polysaccharide chains. Lovenox is a widely-prescribed low molecular weight heparin, or LMWH, used for the prevention and treatment of DVT and to support the treatment of ACS. Lovenox is distributed worldwide by Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC, or Sanofi-Aventis, and is also known outside the United States as Clexane® and Klexane®.

    Description of Our Program

        Lovenox is a heterogeneous mixture of complex polysaccharide chains that, in our view, prior to the application of our technology, had not been adequately analyzed. The length and sequence of the polysaccharide chains vary, resulting in a diversity of chemical structures in the mixture. The current description in the package insert of Lovenox includes molecular weight distribution and in vitro measurements of Lovenox's ability to inhibit blood clotting factors Xa and IIa, or its anti-Xa and anti-IIa activity. While molecular weight distribution provides a rough measure of the range of chain lengths, it provides no information about detailed sequences or chemical structures contained in Lovenox. Similarly, the in vitro measures of anti-Xa and anti-IIa activity describe certain aspects of anticoagulation but only partly define the biological and clinical activity of Lovenox. According to Sanofi-Aventis, only 15% to 25% of the chains in LMWHs contain sequences that bind to the factor that is responsible for anti-Xa and anti-IIa activity. Our technology and analytical approach allowed us to thoroughly characterize Lovenox and enabled FDA approval of the ANDA.

        In 2003, we formed a collaboration with Sandoz N.V. and Sandoz Inc., affiliates of Novartis AG, which we refer to as the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration. Sandoz N.V. later assigned its rights and obligations under the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration to Sandoz AG, and we refer to Sandoz AG and Sandoz Inc. together as Sandoz. Under the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration, we and Sandoz agreed to exclusively develop, manufacture and commercialize enoxaparin sodium injection in the United States.

        In July 2006, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement and an Investor Rights Agreement with Novartis Pharma AG, and in June 2007, we and Sandoz AG executed a definitive collaboration and license agreement, or the Definitive Agreement, pursuant to which we expanded the geographic markets covered by the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration related to enoxaparin sodium injection to include the European Union and further agreed to exclusively collaborate with Sandoz AG on the development

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and commercialization of other products for sale in specified regions of the world. We refer to this series of agreements collectively as the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration.

    Regulatory Matters

        Sandoz submitted ANDAs in its name to the FDA for enoxaparin sodium injection in syringe and vial forms, seeking approval to market enoxaparin sodium injection in the United States. The ANDA for the syringe form of enoxaparin sodium injection was approved in July 2010. The FDA is currently reviewing the ANDA for the vial form of enoxaparin sodium injection.

    Commercial Market

        Sanofi-Aventis reported $1.9 billion in sales of Lovenox in the United States in 2010. Sandoz reported $462 million in sales of enoxaparin sodium injection in the United States in 2010 subsequent to the July 2010 ANDA approval.

    Legal Matters

        In July 2010, Sanofi-Aventis filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia against the FDA, Margaret A. Hamburg, Commissioner of Food and Drugs, and Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary of Health and Human Services. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the FDA's approval of the ANDA filed by Sandoz for enoxaparin sodium injection was arbitrary and capricious and exceeded FDA's statutory authority by requiring additional data for the purpose of demonstrating the safety or effectiveness of a generic version of Lovenox and departing from its own precedent governing the approval of generic drugs that have not been fully characterized. The lawsuit sought, among other things, a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction directing the FDA to suspend and withdraw its approval of the ANDA filed by Sandoz for enoxaparin sodium injection. In August 2010, the court denied the motion for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction. In December 2010, Sanofi-Aventis filed a motion for summary judgment seeking a reversal of the FDA approval and the defendants have each filed responses opposing the motion and filed cross-motions seeking to affirm the approval of Sandoz's ANDA for enoxaparin sodium injection. We believe that Sanofi-Aventis's claims are without merit and are cooperating with Sandoz to vigorously oppose the lawsuit and uphold the FDA approval.

        In December 2010, we sued Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., or Teva, in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts for infringement of two of our patents. The patents claim methods of producing enoxaparin having specified quality attributes. We will continue to prosecute this case and enforce our patents.

M356—Generic Copaxone

        M356 is designed to be a generic version of Copaxone, also known as glatiramer acetate, a complex drug consisting of a mixture of polypeptide chains. Copaxone is indicated for reduction of the frequency of relapses in patients with RRMS. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration.

    Description of Our Program

        Under our 2006 Sandoz Collaboration, we and Sandoz AG agreed to jointly develop, manufacture and commercialize M356. Given its structure as a complex mixture of polypeptide chains of various lengths and sequences, there are significant technical challenges involved in thoroughly characterizing Copaxone and in manufacturing an equivalent version. We believe our technology can be applied to characterize glatiramer acetate and to develop a generic product that has the same active ingredient as

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Copaxone. We are continuing to expand our portfolio of pending patent applications related to glatiramer acetate.

    Regulatory Matters

        In December 2007, our collaborative partner, Sandoz, submitted to the FDA an ANDA in its name containing a Paragraph IV certification seeking approval to market M356 in the United States. In July 2008, the FDA notified Sandoz that it had accepted the ANDA for review as of December 27, 2007. In addition, the FDA's published database indicates that the first substantially complete ANDA submitted for glatiramer acetate injection containing a Paragraph IV certification was filed on December 27, 2007, making Sandoz's ANDA eligible for the grant of a 180-day generic exclusivity period upon approval. Under applicable laws, there are a number of ways an ANDA applicant may forfeit its 180-day exclusivity, including if the applicant fails to achieve at least tentative approval within 30 months after the date on which the ANDA is filed. Because tentative approval for the M356 ANDA was not received in the specified 30 months, the 180-day exclusivity period will be forfeited unless the exception to the forfeiture rule applies. We will not know whether the exception applies unless and until the FDA approves the ANDA.

        The review of Sandoz's ANDA is ongoing. We and Sandoz are in regular communication with the FDA to address any additional questions or requests that it may have as it continues the review of Sandoz's application.

    Potential Commercial Market

        In North America, Copaxone is marketed by Teva Neuroscience, Inc., which is a subsidiary of Teva. In Europe, Copaxone is marketed by Teva and Sanofi-Aventis. Teva reported worldwide sales of Copaxone of approximately $3.3 billion in 2010, with approximately $2.3 billion from the United States.

    Legal Matters

        In July 2008, the FDA accepted for review the ANDA containing a paragraph IV certification for generic Copaxone submitted by Sandoz. Subsequently, in August 2008, Teva and related entities sued Sandoz, Novartis AG and us for patent infringement related to four of the seven Orange Book patents listed for Copaxone in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The court subsequently dismissed all claims in the case against Sandoz International GmbH and Novartis AG, the foreign affiliates of Sandoz. We and Sandoz asserted defenses of non-infringement, invalidity and unenforceability and filed counterclaims for declaratory judgments to have all seven of the Orange Book patents as well as two additional patents in the same patent family adjudicated in the present lawsuit. In January 2010, the court heard arguments from the parties on the meaning of certain disputed claim terms in a claim construction hearing, or Markman hearing. There is no defined timeline for the judge to issue a decision on claim construction and such a decision could be issued at any time. In September 2010, the court denied Sandoz' and our motion for summary judgment to rule that the Orange Book patents were invalid as a matter of law, stating that fact finding was necessary to render a ruling. Another company, Mylan Inc., or Mylan, also has an ANDA for generic Copaxone under FDA review. In October 2009, Teva sued Mylan for patent infringement related to the Orange Book patents listed for Copaxone and in October 2010, the court consolidated the Mylan case with the case against us and Sandoz. The Mylan-related Markman hearing was held in January 2011 and a trial has been scheduled for September 2011 in the consolidated case.

        In a separate lawsuit, in December 2009, Teva and related entities sued Sandoz, Novartis AG and us for patent infringement related to certain non-Orange Book patents titled "Copolymer 1 related polypeptides for use as molecular weight markers and for therapeutic use". We and Sandoz filed a Motion to Dismiss, and a Motion to Stay Litigation Pending Resolution of the Motion to Dismiss. Both

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motions were opposed by Teva and are pending. There is no defined timeline for the judge to issue decisions. The court subsequently dismissed all claims in the case against Sandoz International GmbH and Novartis AG, the foreign affiliates of Sandoz.

Follow-On Biologics (FOBs) Program

    Description of Our Program

        We are also applying our technology platform to the development of FOBs, including both generic (designated by FDA to be interchangeable) and biosimilar versions of marketed therapeutic proteins. Therapeutic proteins represent a sizable segment of the U.S. drug industry, with sales expected to be approximately $57 billion in 2011. Given the inadequacies of standard technology, many of these therapeutic proteins have not been thoroughly characterized. Most of these products are complex glycoprotein mixtures, consisting of proteins that contain branched sugars that vary from molecule to molecule. These sugars can impart specific biological properties to the glycoprotein drug and can often comprise a significant portion of the mass of the molecule. In addition to the structural characterization of several marketed therapeutic proteins, we are also advancing our structure-process capabilities as we further define the relationship between aspects of the manufacturing process and the structural composition of the final protein product. We believe that our investment in our analytics and characterization technology coupled with our investment in the science of better understanding the relationship of the biologic manufacturing process to structural composition provides us with the opportunity develop a competitive advantage for our future FOB product candidates.

    Regulatory Matters

        Most protein drugs have been approved by the FDA under the Biologics License Application, or BLA, regulatory pathway. The BLA pathway was created to review and approve applications for biologic drugs that are typically produced from living systems. Until 2010, there was no abbreviated regulatory pathway for the approval of generic or biosimilar versions of BLA-approved products in the United States; however, there have been guidelines for biosimilar products in the European Union for several years.

        In March 2010, with the enactment of the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009, or BPCI, an abbreviated pathway for the approval of FOBs was created. The new abbreviated regulatory pathway establishes legal authority for the FDA to review and approve biosimilar biologics, including the possible designation of a biosimilar as "interchangeable", based on its similarity to an existing brand product.

        Under the BPCI, an application for a biosimilar product cannot be approved by the FDA until 12 years after the original brand product was approved under a BLA. There are many biologics at this time for which this 12-year period has expired or is nearing expiration. We believe that scientific progress in the analysis and characterization of complex mixture drugs is likely to play a significant role in FDA's approval of biosimilar (including interchangeable) biologics in the years to come.

        The new law is complex and is only beginning to be interpreted and implemented by the FDA. As a result, its ultimate impact, implementation and meaning will be subject to uncertainty for years to come.


Product Candidates—Novel Drugs

Overview

        Our novel drug research and development program uses the established characterization and process engineering capabilities from our complex generic and FOB programs—with a focus on cell surface polysaccharides, like HSPGs, and therapeutic proteins.

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Adomiparin (M118)

        Adomiparin, which used to be referred to as M118, is our most advanced novel drug HSPG-based product candidate. Adomiparin, being developed as an anticoagulant for ACS, is a LMWH and has been rationally designed to capture, in a single therapy, the positive attributes of both unfractionated heparin (reversibility, monitorability and broad inhibition of the coagulation cascade) and LMWH (adequate bioavailability and predictable pharmacokinetics to allow for convenient subcutaneous administration). We believe that adomiparin has the potential to replace these agents and provide a safer, more effective and easier to use baseline anticoagulant therapy for the medical management of patients diagnosed with ACS who may or may not require coronary intervention in order to treat their condition.

    Description of Our Program

        ACS includes several diseases ranging from unstable angina, which is characterized by chest pain at rest, to acute myocardial infarction, or heart attack, which is caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery. Currently, a majority of patients are initially medically managed with an anti-clotting agent, such as LMWH or unfractionated heparin, or UFH, in combination with other therapies. Neither LMWH nor UFH were developed specifically for patients with ACS, and both have clinical disadvantages. An increasing proportion of ACS patients are also proceeding to early intervention with procedures such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting, or CABG. Both angioplasty and CABG require anticoagulant therapy to prevent clot formation during and immediately following the procedure.

        Adomiparin was rationally designed utilizing our proprietary technology platform to provide physicians with a single anticoagulant that has the potential to be used in multiple settings (including medical management, angioplasty or CABG) and offer the potential for a more flexible treatment option than is currently available. These engineered attributes of adomiparin include, among others, broad inhibition of the coagulation cascade, monitorability, reversibility, and predictable pharmacokinetics. Adomiparin may also be administered both intravenously and subcutaneously, allowing physicians the ability to institute convenient subcutaneous therapy during the medical management phase of ACS treatment and continue the same anticoagulant administered intravenously should an interventional procedure be required. We believe that the properties of adomiparin observed to date in both preclinical and clinical investigations support our design hypothesis. The results of our preclinical and clinical studies conducted to date suggest potential benefits of adomiparin over UFH and other LMWHs, including increased efficacy, reversibility and the ability to monitor.

        We believe that the results of clinical trials conducted to date support continuing the evaluation of adomiparin in patients diagnosed with ACS who are medically managed with or without an intervention.

    Potential Commercial Market

        The broad anticoagulant market is projected to generate greater than $10.0 billion in worldwide sales by 2018. Depending upon the indications for which adomiparin use is approved, adomiparin has the potential to capture a portion of this market.

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    Regulatory and Clinical Development

        In July 2006, we submitted an Investigational New Drug Application, or IND, with the FDA for our M118 intravenous injection product and in October 2006 began Phase 1 clinical trials to evaluate its human safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile. In June 2009, we completed a Phase 2a clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing adomiparin intravenous injection as an anticoagulant in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. This trial, known as EMINENCE (Evaluation of M118 in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention), enrolled approximately 500 patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with one of three doses of intravenous adomiparin or a standard dose of UFH. The primary endpoint of the study was the combined incidence of clinical events defined as the composite of death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stroke (over thirty days); incidence of bleeding and thrombocytopenia (over the first 24 hours); and bailout use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and catheter thrombus (during the procedure). The primary analysis in the study provided evidence of non-inferiority of the combined adomiparin group (combining all three doses) as compared to the UFH group within the parameters of the prospectively defined analysis. The observed incidence of the primary endpoint was lower in all adomiparin treatment groups than in the UFH group; however it should be noted that the study was not designed or powered to detect statistically significant differences between treatments. The incidence of serious and non-serious adverse events was comparable in all treatment groups.

        In March 2007, we submitted an IND for our adomiparin subcutaneous injection product and in May 2007 began Phase 1 clinical trials to evaluate its human safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile. These trials have been completed.

        We are not currently able to estimate the timing or probability of regulatory approval of adomiparin. We are seeking a collaborative partner to finance and support the further clinical development of adomiparin. We will not start additional clinical trials until we have a partner or funding available, but we do remain committed to the product candidate and its continued development.

M402

        M402 is our next most advanced novel HSPG-based product candidate and is engineered to have potent anti-cancer properties and low anticoagulant activity. HSPGs are complex molecules present in the tumor microenvironment which present growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines necessary for tumor cell growth, migration and survival. M402 is designed to exploit this biology by binding to and down regulating multiple factors involved in disease progression and metastasis. Data from multiple preclinical studies have shown that M402 has the potential to modulate angiogenesis and tumor progression and metastasis through a variety of HSPG-binding proteins.

        A preclinical study, in collaboration with the Cancer Research Institute (Cambridge, UK), demonstrated the efficacy of M402 in a murine pancreatic cancer model. The study showed that M402, in combination with gemcitabine, significantly improved survival and substantially lowered the incidence of metastasis compared to mice treated with gemcitabine alone.

        We currently have plans to advance M402 into human clinical trials in 2011. It is anticipated that M402 will be used in combination with standard-of-care cytotoxic regimens for the treatment of advanced malignancies.


Discovery Program—HSPG and Proteins

        Our most advanced efforts have been in the area of HSPGs. We believe our analytical tools enable new insights into exploring the biology of many diseases, which will lead to an enhanced understanding

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of the relative role of different biological targets and related cell-to-cell signaling pathways. With HSPGs, our goal is to leverage the multi-targeting nature of these molecules to develop novel HSPG-based therapeutics each of which we could positively affect multiple pathways in a disease with a single drug. Because of the broad role of HSPGs in biology, we plan to target multiple disease areas with this therapeutic approach. While not yet as advanced as our HSPG program, we also are extending these biological systems insights into the development of improved and more targeted protein therapeutics.


Research and Development Expenses

        Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in identifying, developing and testing our product programs. These expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for personnel, license fees, consulting fees, contract research and manufacturing, and the costs of laboratory equipment and facilities. Research and development expense for 2010 was $51.7 million, compared with $60.6 million in 2009 and $55.3 million in 2008.


Collaborations and Licenses

Sandoz

    2003 Sandoz Collaboration

        Under the terms of the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration, we and Sandoz agreed to exclusively work with each other to develop and commercialize injectable enoxaparin for any and all medical indications within the United States. In addition, we granted Sandoz an exclusive license under our intellectual property rights to develop and commercialize injectable enoxaparin for all medical indications within the United States.

        In July 2010, Sandoz began the commercial sale of enoxaparin sodium injection. Under the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration, in the event no third-party competitors are marketing an interchangeable generic version of Lovenox, or Lovenox-Equivalent Product (as defined in the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration), Sandoz will pay us 45% of the contractual profits from the sale of enoxaparin sodium injection. Profits on sales of enoxaparin sodium injection are calculated by deducting from net sales the cost of goods sold and an allowance for selling, general and administrative costs, which is a contractual percentage of net sales. If a third-party competitor begins marketing a Lovenox-Equivalent Product, Sandoz will instead pay us a royalty based on net sales of enoxaparin sodium injection at royalty rates ranging from high single digit to low double digits. If the only Lovenox-Equivalent Product being marketed by a third-party competitor is Lovenox being marketed by Sanofi-Aventis as a generic drug, or licensed by Sanofi-Aventis to another company to be sold as a generic drug, both known as authorized generics, Sandoz will pay us a combination of a royalty payment based on net sales and a share of profits. Certain development and legal expenses may reduce the amount of profit-share, royalty and milestone payments paid to us by Sandoz. Any product liability costs and certain other expenses arising from patent litigation may also reduce the amount of profit-share, royalty and milestone payments paid to us by Sandoz, but only up to 50% of these amounts due to us from Sandoz each quarter. Our contractual share of these development and legal expenses is subject to an annual adjustment in each of the next five years, but we do not expect the amount of any future payment due to the annual adjustment to be material. Because no third-party competitors marketed a Lovenox-Equivalent Product during the year ended December 31, 2010, we earned $96.6 million, net of $37.2 million of development and legal expenses, in profit-share product revenue from Sandoz. In addition to the profit-share earned, we achieved a regulatory milestone defined in the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration as a result of the FDA's approval of the ANDA and received an additional $5.0 million in revenue from Sandoz.

        Any future revenue from the sale of enoxaparin sodium injection will depend upon, among other things, whether any other generic versions of Lovenox are approved by the FDA, whether the lawsuit

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filed by Sanofi-Aventis in July 2010 is partially or wholly successful at limiting Sandoz's sales of enoxaparin sodium injection and whether Sandoz is able to continue commercialization of enoxaparin sodium injection.

        The collaboration is governed by a joint steering committee and a joint project team, each consisting of an equal number of Sandoz and Momenta representatives. Most decisions must be made unanimously, with Sandoz collectively having one vote and Momenta having one vote. Sandoz has the sole authority to determine the price at which it sells enoxaparin sodium injection.

        We and Sandoz will indemnify each other for losses resulting from the indemnifying party's misrepresentation or breach of its obligations under the agreement. We will indemnify Sandoz if we actually misappropriate the know-how or trade secrets of a third party. Sandoz will indemnify us and our collaborators involved in the enoxaparin program for any losses resulting from any litigation by third parties, including Sanofi-Aventis, claiming that the manufacture, use or sale of injectable enoxaparin infringes any patents listed in the Orange Book for Lovenox, any product liability claims with respect to injectable enoxaparin and any other claims relating to the development and commercialization of injectable enoxaparin. To the extent that any losses result from a third-party claim for which we are obligated to indemnify Sandoz, Sandoz will have no obligation to indemnify us. After the expiration or termination of the agreement, these indemnification obligations will continue with respect to claims that arise before or after the termination of the agreement due to activities that occurred before or during the term of the agreement.

        Unless terminated earlier, the agreement will expire upon the last sale of injectable enoxaparin by or on behalf of Sandoz in the United States. Either party may terminate the collaboration relationship for material uncured breaches or certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency by the other. Sandoz may also terminate the agreement if the product or the market lacks commercial viability, if new laws or regulations are passed or court decisions rendered that substantially diminish our legal avenues for redress, or, in multiple cases, if certain costs exceed mutually agreed upon limits. If Sandoz terminates the agreement (except due to our uncured breach) or if we terminate the agreement due to an uncured breach by Sandoz, we will be granted an exclusive license under certain intellectual property of Sandoz to develop and commercialize injectable enoxaparin in the United States and our obligation to indemnify Sandoz will survive with respect to claims that arise due to our exclusive development or commercialization of injectable enoxaparin after the term of the agreement. In the event of a termination by Sandoz due to the incurrence of costs beyond the agreed upon limits, we must pay certain royalties to Sandoz on our net sales of injectable enoxaparin. If Sandoz terminates the agreement due to our uncured breach, Sandoz retains the exclusive right to develop and commercialize injectable enoxaparin in the United States. Sandoz's profit sharing, royalty and milestone payment obligations survive and Sandoz's obligation to indemnify us will survive with respect to claims that arise due to Sandoz's exclusive development or commercialization of injectable enoxaparin after the term of the agreement. In addition, if Sandoz terminates the agreement due to our uncured breach, Sandoz would retain its rights of first refusal outside the United States.

    2006 Sandoz Collaboration

        Under the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration, we and Sandoz AG agreed to exclusively collaborate on the development and commercialization of M356 and two other follow-on products for sale in specified regions of the world and expanded the geographic markets covered by the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration related to enoxaparin sodium injection to include the European Union. In December 2008, we and Sandoz AG terminated the collaborative program with regard to one of the follow-on products, M249, primarily due to its commercial prospects. In December 2009, we and Sandoz AG terminated the collaborative program with regard to the other follow-on product, M178, and clarified the surviving rights of each of the parties following such termination. As a result, the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration

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now principally governs the M356 collaborative program and the expansion of the enoxaparin sodium injection collaboration.

        Costs, including development costs and the costs of clinical studies, will be borne by the parties in varying proportions depending on the type of expense and the related product. For M356, we are generally responsible for all of the development costs in the United States. For M356 outside of the United States and for enoxaparin sodium injection in the European Union, we share development costs in proportion to our profit sharing interest. All commercialization responsibilities and costs will be borne by Sandoz AG worldwide as they are incurred for all products. We are reimbursed at cost for any full-time equivalent employee expenses as well as any external costs incurred in the development of products to the extent development costs are born by Sandoz AG. Sandoz AG is responsible for funding all of the legal expenses incurred under the 2006 Collaboration; however a portion of certain legal expenses will be offset against the profit-sharing amounts in proportion to our profit sharing interest. The parties will share profits in varying proportions, depending on the product. We are entitled to a 50% share of the profits from sales of M356. We are eligible to receive up to $163.0 million in milestone payments if all milestones are achieved for the two product programs remaining under collaboration. None of these payments, once received, are refundable and there are no general rights of return in the arrangement. Sandoz AG has agreed to indemnify us for various claims, and a certain portion of such costs may be offset against certain future payments received by us.

        Under the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration, each party has granted the other an exclusive license under its intellectual property rights to develop and commercialize such products for all medical indications in the relevant regions. We have agreed to provide development and related services on a commercially reasonable best-efforts basis, which includes developing a manufacturing process to make the products, scaling up the process, contributing to the preparation of regulatory filings, further scaling up the manufacturing process to commercial scale, and related development of intellectual property. We have the right to participate in a joint steering committee, which is responsible for overseeing development, legal and commercial activities and which prepares and approves the annual collaboration plans. Sandoz AG is responsible for commercialization activities and will exclusively distribute and market the products.

        The term of the Definitive Agreement extends throughout the development and commercialization of the products until the last sale of the products, unless earlier terminated by either party pursuant to the provisions of the Definitive Agreement. The Definitive Agreement may be terminated if either party breaches the Definitive Agreement or files for bankruptcy. In addition, either we or Sandoz AG may terminate the Definitive Agreement as it relates to the remaining products, on a product-by-product basis, if clinical trials are required.

        Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, we sold 4,708,679 shares of common stock to Novartis Pharma AG at a per share price of $15.93 for an aggregate purchase price of $75.0 million. This resulted in a paid premium of $13.6 million as the closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market was $13.05 on the date of the Stock Purchase Agreement.

        Pursuant to the terms of the Investor Rights Agreement, we granted to Novartis Pharma AG certain registration rights and inspection rights. Specifically, Novartis Pharma AG is entitled to "piggyback" and demand registration rights under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the shares of common stock purchased under the Stock Purchase Agreement. We also granted Novartis Pharma AG inspection rights whereby, subject to certain exceptions, Novartis Pharma AG may visit and inspect our properties and records, discuss our business and financial affairs with its officers, employees and other agents, and meet, at least twice a year, with the members of our Board of Directors.

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    Massachusetts Institute of Technology

        In December 2001, we entered into a patent license agreement with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or M.I.T., pertaining to the characterization and synthesis of polysaccharides for the purpose of researching, developing and commercializing products (other than sequencing machines) and processes under the licensed patents. This agreement was subsequently amended and restated in early November 2002 and has been subsequently further amended. We entered into an additional patent license agreement with M.I.T. in late October 2002 which gave us the right to develop and commercialize sequencing machines. Subject to typical retained rights of M.I.T. and the U.S. government, these two agreements grant us various exclusive and nonexclusive worldwide licenses, with the right to grant sublicenses, under certain patents and patent applications relating to:

    methods and technologies for characterizing polysaccharides;

    certain heparins, heparinases and other enzymes; and

    synthesis methods.

        We must meet certain diligence requirements in order to maintain our licenses under the two agreements. Under the agreements, we must expend at least $1.0 to $1.2 million per year towards the research, development and commercialization of products and processes covered by the agreements. In addition, we are obligated to make first commercial sales and meet certain minimum sales thresholds of products or processes including, under the amended and restated agreement, a first commercial sale of a product or process no later than June 2013 and minimal sales of products thereafter ranging from $0.5 million to $5.0 million annually. M.I.T. may convert the exclusive licenses granted to us under the amended and restated license agreement to non-exclusive licenses, as its sole remedy, if we fail to meet our diligence obligations. Under the license agreement covering sequencing machines, M.I.T. has the right to treat a failure by us to fulfill our diligence obligations as a material breach of the license agreement.

        In exchange for the licenses granted in the two agreements, we have paid M.I.T. license issue fees and we pay annual license and maintenance fees ranging, in the aggregate, from $107,500 to $157,500. We are also required to pay M.I.T. royalties on certain products and services covered by the licenses and sold by us or our affiliates or sublicensees, a percentage of certain other income received by us from corporate partners and sublicensees, and certain patent prosecution and maintenance costs. We recorded $157,500, $132,500 and $107,500 as license and maintenance fees in the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and $2.0 million as royalty fees and milestone payments in the year ended December 31, 2010 related to these agreements.

        We are obligated to indemnify M.I.T. and related parties from losses arising from claims relating to the products, processes or services made, used, sold or performed pursuant to the agreements, unless the losses result from the indemnified parties' gross negligence or willful misconduct.

        Each agreement expires upon the expiration or abandonment of all patents that issue and are licensed to us by M.I.T. under such agreement. The issued patents include over 30 United States patents and foreign counterparts of some of those. We expect that additional patents will issue from presently pending U.S. and foreign patent applications. Any such patent will have a term of 20 years from the filing date of the underlying application. M.I.T. may terminate either agreement immediately if we cease to carry on our business, if any nonpayment by us is not cured within 60 days of written notice or if we commit a material breach that is not cured within 90 days of written notice. We may terminate either agreement for any reason upon six months notice to M.I.T., and, under one agreement, we can separately terminate the license under a certain subset of patent rights upon three months notice.

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        We granted Sandoz a sublicense under the amended and restated license agreement to certain of the patents and patent applications licensed to us. If M.I.T. converts our exclusive licenses under this agreement to non-exclusive licenses due to our failure to meet diligence obligations, or if M.I.T. terminates this agreement, M.I.T. will honor the exclusive nature of the sublicense we granted to Sandoz so long as Sandoz continues to fulfill its obligations to us under the collaboration and license agreement we entered into with Sandoz and, if our agreement with M.I.T. is terminated, Sandoz agrees to assume our rights and obligations to M.I.T.


Patents and Proprietary Rights

        Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain proprietary protection for our technology and product candidates, to operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others and to prevent others from infringing our proprietary rights. Our policy is to seek to protect our proprietary position by, among other methods, filing United States and foreign patent applications related to our proprietary technology and product candidates that are important to the development of our business. We also rely on trade secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovation and in-licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our proprietary position.

        We license or own a patent portfolio of over 60 patent families, each of which includes United States patent applications and/or issued patents as well as foreign counterparts to certain of the United States patents and patent applications. Our patent portfolio includes issued or pending claims covering:

    methods and technologies for characterizing polysaccharides and other heterogeneous mixtures;

    the composition of matter and use of certain heparinases, heparinase variants and other enzymes;

    methods and technologies for synthesis of polysaccharides;

    the composition of matter and use of certain novel LMWHs, including adomiparin and M402;

    methods to identify, analyze and characterize glycoproteins; and

    methods of manufacture of certain polysaccharide, polypeptide and glycoprotein products.

        A significant portion of our patent portfolio covering methods and technologies for characterizing polysaccharides consists of patents and patent applications owned and licensed to us by M.I.T. In addition, a significant portion of the claims in our patent portfolio covering the composition of matter of naturally occurring heparinases, heparinase variants and other enzymes, the use of these heparinases and enzymes in the characterization of sugars, and certain methods and technologies for analyzing polysaccharides consists of patents and patent applications that are owned and licensed to us by M.I.T.

        The patent positions of companies like ours are generally uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Our ability to maintain and solidify our proprietary position for our technology will depend on our success in obtaining effective claims and enforcing those claims once granted. We do not know whether any of our patent applications will result in the issuance of any patents. Moreover, any issued patent does not guarantee us the right to practice the patented technology or commercialize the patented product. Third parties may have blocking patents that could be used to prevent us from commercializing our patented products and practicing our patented technology. Our issued patents and those that may be issued in the future may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, which could limit our ability to stop competitors from marketing related products or the length of the term of patent protection that we may have for our products. In addition, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar technology. Furthermore, our competitors may independently develop similar technologies. For these reasons, we may have competition for our generic, biosimilar and novel products. Moreover, because of the extensive time required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential

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product, it is possible that, before any of our novel heparin or other products can be commercialized, any related patent may expire or remain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantage of the patent.

        We may rely, in some circumstances, on trade secrets to protect our technology. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. We seek to protect our technology and product candidates, in part, by confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, advisors, contractors and collaborators. These agreements may be breached and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors. To the extent that our employees, consultants, advisors, contractors and collaborators use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions.


Asset Purchase

        In April 2007, we entered into an asset purchase agreement, or the Purchase Agreement, with Parivid, LLC, or Parivid, a provider of data integration and analysis services to us, and S. Raguram, the principal owner and Chief Technology Officer of Parivid. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we acquired certain of the assets and assumed certain of the liabilities of Parivid related to the acquired assets in exchange for $2.5 million in cash paid at closing and up to $11.0 million in contingent milestone payments in a combination of cash and/or stock in the manner and on the terms and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

        The contingent milestone payments are structured to include (i) potential payments of no more than $2.0 million in cash if certain milestones are achieved within two years from the date of the Purchase Agreement (the "Initial Milestones") and (ii) the issuance of up to $9.0 million of our common stock to Parivid if certain other milestones are achieved within fifteen years of the date of the Purchase Agreement.

        In August 2009, we entered into an Amendment to the Purchase Agreement where we agreed to extend the time period for completion of the Initial Milestones to June 30, 2009, specified those Initial Milestones that had been achieved as of June 30, 2009 and, as consideration for the completion and satisfaction of the Initial Milestones that were achieved, agreed to pay Parivid $0.5 million cash and to issue 91,576 shares of our common stock, at a value of $10.92 per share. In addition, in September 2009, we made a cash payment of $0.1 million to Parivid, recorded as other expense, representing the difference between the net proceeds from Parivid's sale of the shares issued in satisfaction of the Initial Milestones and the value of such shares as of the date of the Amendment.


Manufacturing

        We do not own facilities for manufacturing any products. Although we intend to rely on contract manufacturers, we have personnel with experience in manufacturing, as well as process development, analytical development, quality assurance and quality control. Under the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration and the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration, Sandoz is responsible for commercialization, including manufacturing, of the products covered by those agreements.

        We have entered into various agreements with third party contractors for process development, analytical services and manufacturing. In each of our agreements with contractors, we retain ownership of our intellectual property and generally own and/or are assigned ownership of processes, developments, data, results and other intellectual property generated during the course of the performance of each agreement that primarily relate to our products. Where applicable, we are granted non-exclusive licenses to certain contractor intellectual property for purposes of exploiting the products that are the subject of the agreement and in a few instances we grant non-exclusive licenses to the

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contract manufacturers for use outside of our product area. The agreements also typically contain provisions for both parties to terminate for material breach, bankruptcy and insolvency.

        The starting material for manufacture of M402, adomiparin and enoxaparin sodium injection is UFH, including UFH from suppliers who source the materials from China. In 2008, due to the occurrence of adverse events associated with the use of contaminated UFH, there were global recalls, including in the United States, of UFH products. Based on its investigation, the FDA identified a heparin-like contaminant in the implicated UFH products and recommended that manufacturers and suppliers of UFH use additional tests to screen their UFH active pharmaceutical ingredient. As a result of these UFH product recalls and potential future recalls, the United States government has placed certain restrictions, and may decide to place additional restrictions, on the import of raw materials, including UFH. In addition, these restrictions have limited the number of suppliers who are able to provide UFH. Both of these factors could make it difficult for us to obtain our starting material, could increase costs significantly or make these materials unavailable.


Sales, Marketing and Distribution

        We do not currently have any sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, nor do we currently have any plans to build a sales, marketing and distribution capability to support any of our products. In order to commercialize any products that are not encompassed by the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration or 2006 Sandoz Collaboration, we must either develop a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure or collaborate with third parties that have sales, marketing and distribution experience, and we will review these options as our other product candidates move closer to commercialization.


Competition

        The development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products is highly competitive. Many of our competitors already market or are working to develop products similar to those we are developing and have considerable experience in product development and in obtaining regulatory approval to market pharmaceutical products. In addition, the development and commercialization of complex generic products and FOBs is inherently competitive as a result of existing brand competition at the time of product launch. Certain of these companies have substantially greater financial, marketing, research and development and human resources than we do.

        We believe that our ability to successfully compete will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to successfully develop safe and efficacious products, the timing and scope of regulatory approval of our products and those of our competitors, our ability to collaborate with third parties, our ability to maintain favorable patent protection for our products, our ability to obtain market acceptance of our products and our ability to manufacture sufficient quantities of our products at commercially acceptable costs.

        Our enoxaparin sodium injection product faces competition from Sanofi-Aventis, the company currently marketing Lovenox, and will face competition from other companies if any receive marketing approval for generic versions of Lovenox. Sanofi-Aventis may also choose to market a generic version of Lovenox itself or through an authorized third-party distributor. While there are no other generic versions of Lovenox approved by the FDA to date, ANDAs have been submitted to the FDA by Teva, Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Hospira, Inc., and other ANDAs or other regulatory applications may have been submitted or may be submitted in the future.

        In addition, other anticoagulants used in the treatment of DVT and ACS will compete with enoxaparin sodium injection. These competitive products include GlaxoSmithKline plc's Factor Xa inhibitor, Arixtra®, which is approved in the prevention and treatment of several DVT indications, and other LMWH products. We are also aware of other injectible and oral anticoagulant drugs in development for the treatment of DVT, including next-generation LMWHs and several oral Factor Xa

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or Factor IIa inhibitors that are in clinical trials. The Factor Xa inhibitors include rivaroxaban (Xarelto®), which is being developed by Bayer AG and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., and apixaban, which is being developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. The Factor IIa inhibitors in development include dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa®), which is currently approved to reduce the risk of stroke and blood clots in patients who have atrial fibrillation and is being further developed by Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH for DVT prophlaxis.

        In the event that we receive approval for, market and sell M356, a generic version of Copaxone, we would face competition from a number of sources. We would face competition from Copaxone, marketed by Teva Neuroscience, Inc. in the United States and co-promoted by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and Sanofi-Aventis in Europe. We could also face competition from other companies if they receive marketing approval for generic versions of Copaxone. While there are no generic versions of Copaxone approved by the FDA to date, an ANDA has been submitted to the FDA by Mylan Inc., and other ANDAs or other regulatory applications may have been submitted or may be submitted in the future. In addition, there are other products that currently compete with Copaxone in the United States. These include Rebif (interferon-beta-1a), which is co-promoted by EMD Serono Inc., a subsidiary of Merck Serono, a divison of Merck KGaA, and Pfizer Inc. in the U.S. and is marketed by Merck Serono in the European Union; Avonex (interferon beta-1a) and Tysabri (natalizumab) which are both marketed worldwide by Biogen Idec Inc.; Betaseron (interferon-beta-1b), which is marketed by Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., the U.S. pharmaceuticals affiliate of Bayer Schering Pharma AG, in the United States and is marketed under the name Betaferon by Bayer Schering Pharma, a division of Bayer AG, in the European Union; Extavia (interferon-Beta-1b) and Gilenya™ (fingolimod) which are both marketed by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation in the United States; and Novantrone (mitoxantrone for injection concentrate) marketed by EMD Serono, Inc.

        In addition to the marketed products, a number of companies are working to develop products to treat multiple sclerosis. For example, BG-12, developed by Biogen Idec Inc., an oral compound that is being tested in relapsing multiple sclerosis, has been granted fast track status by the FDA. Also, Genzyme Corporation is testing Lemtrada (alemtuzumab), a once annual infusion compound, for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis.

        Our adomiparin product candidate is targeted to support the medical management of patients with ACS. Potential competitive products to adomiparin include The Medicines Company's direct thrombin inhibitor, Angiomax®, which is approved for use in angioplasty, and various other LMWH and unfractionated heparin products, including Lovenox. Several other anticoagulant drugs are in development for ACS, including synthetic Factor Xa and Factor IIa inhibitors and aptamer-based therapies. Adomiparin also faces competition from products other than anticogulants, such as oral and injectible platelet inhibitors, which may be used in the treatment of ACS.

        In the field of complex molecules, there are a number of potential competitors seeking to provide additional characterization or create biosimilar, generic, and/or improved versions of marketed complex products. There has been substantial growth in recent years in the number of generic and pharmaceutical companies looking to develop biosimilar (including potentially interchangeable) versions of protein-based products. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies also continue to invest significantly in better understanding their own products or creating improved versions of marketed products. Similarly, our discovery work in oncology faces substantial competition from major pharmaceutical and other biotechnology companies that are actively working on improved and novel therapeutics.

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        The field of glycobiology generally is a growing field with increased competition. However, the capabilities of the field can generally be segmented into those companies using polysaccharides as therapeutics, companies focused on engineering or modifying polysaccharides, including pegylation technologies, and companies focused on analytics. Among those in analytics, we are not aware of others that have similar capabilities for detailed chemical characterization of complex polysaccharides. Procognia Limited's technology is largely focused on analyzing proteins and their glycosylation. In addition, many major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies such as Amgen Inc. and Biogen Idec Inc. have successfully improved products through sugar modification. Potential competitors with broad glycobiology capabilities include Optimer Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Keryx Pharmaceuticals, Endotis Pharmaceuticals, Merck and Company, Inc. and Pro-Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as well as many private, start-up pharmaceutical organizations. Many of these companies with glycobiology capabilities are focused on providing services to pharmaceutical companies rather than focused on drug discovery and product development.

Regulatory and Legal Matters

        Government authorities in the United States, at the federal, state and local level, the European Union and other countries extensively regulate, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, labeling, promotion, advertising, distribution, marketing and exporting and importing of products such as those we are developing.

United States Government Regulation

        In the United States, the information that must be submitted to the FDA in order to obtain approval to market a new drug or biologic varies depending on whether the drug or biologic is a new product whose safety and effectiveness has not previously been demonstrated in humans, or a drug or biologic whose active ingredient(s) and certain other properties are the same as those of a previously approved drug or biologic. Approval of new drugs and biologics follows the NDA and BLA routes, respectively. A drug that claims to be the same as an already approved NDA drug may be able to file for approval under the ANDA approval pathway. Beginning in 2010, with the enactment of the BPCI, an FOB may also be able to file for approval under the new abbreviated pathway under Section 351(k) of the Public Health Service Act.

ANDA Approval Process

        FDA approval is required before a generic equivalent of an existing brand name drug may be marketed. Such approval is typically obtained by submitting an ANDA to the FDA and demonstrating therapeutic equivalence. However, it is within the FDA's regulatory discretion to determine the kind and amount of evidence required to approve a product for marketing. An ANDA may be submitted for a drug on the basis that it is the same as a previously approved branded drug, also known as a reference listed drug. Specifically, the generic drug that is the subject of the ANDA must have the same active ingredient(s), route of administration, dosage form, and strength, as well as the same labeling, with certain exceptions, and the labeling must prescribe conditions of use that have been previously approved for the listed drug. If the generic drug product has a different route of administration, dosage form, or strength, the FDA must grant a suitability petition approving the differences(s) from the listed drug before the ANDA may be filed. The ANDA must also contain data and information demonstrating that the generic drug is bioequivalent to the listed drug (or alternatively seek a waiver as is requested for most injectables), or if the application is submitted pursuant to an approved suitability petition, information to show that the listed drug and the generic drug can be expected to have the same therapeutic effect when administered to patients for a proposed condition of use.

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        Generic drug applications are termed "abbreviated" because they are not required to duplicate the clinical (human) testing or, generally, preclinical testing necessary to establish the underlying safety and effectiveness of the branded product, other than the requirement for bioequivalence testing. However, the FDA may refuse to approve an ANDA if there is insufficient information to show that the active ingredients are the same and to demonstrate that any impurities or differences in active ingredients do not affect the safety or efficacy of the generic product. In addition, like NDAs, an ANDA will not be approved unless the product is manufactured in current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP, compliant facilities to assure and preserve the drug's identity, strength, quality and purity. As is the case for NDAs and BLAs, the FDA may refuse to accept and review insufficiently complete ANDAs.

        Generally, in an ANDA submission, determination of the "sameness" of the active ingredients to those in the reference listed drug is based on the demonstration of the chemical equivalence of the components of the generic version to those of the branded product. While the standard for demonstrating chemical equivalence is relatively straightforward for small molecule drugs, it is inherently more difficult to define sameness for the active ingredients of complex drugs. Under the NDA pathway, these types of drugs include such products as heparins and recombinant versions of certain hormones, among others. Due to the limited number of ANDA submissions for generic complex drugs, the FDA has not reached a final position for demonstrating chemical equivalence for many of these products specifically, nor provided broad guidance for achieving "sameness" for complex drugs in general. In many cases, the criteria the FDA may apply are evolving and are being determined on an application-by-application basis.

        To demonstrate bioequivalence, ANDAs generally must also contain in vivo bioavailability data for the generic and branded drugs. "Bioavailability" indicates the rate and extent of absorption and levels of concentration of a drug product in the bloodstream needed to produce a therapeutic effect. "Bioequivalence" compares the bioavailability of one drug product with another, and when established, indicates that the rate of absorption and levels of concentration of a generic drug in the body are the same as the previously approved branded drug. The studies required to demonstrate in vivo bioequivalence are generally very small, quick to complete, and involve relatively few subjects. Under current regulations, the FDA may waive requirements for in vivo bioequivalence data for certain drug products, including products where bioequivalence is self evident such as injectable solutions which have been shown to contain the same active and inactive ingredients as the reference listed drug. Although the FDA may waive requirements for in vivo bioequivalence data, it may still require the submission of alternative data on purity, such as immunogenicity and/or pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics data, to provide additional evidence of pharmaceutical equivalence. The FDA, however, does not always waive requirements for in vivo bioequivalence data.

        Generic drug products that are found to be therapeutically equivalent by the FDA receive an "A" rating in FDA's Orange Book, which lists all approved drug products and therapeutic equivalence evaluations. Products that are therapeutically equivalent can be expected in the FDA's judgment to have equivalent clinical effect and no difference in their potential for adverse effects when used under the approved conditions of their approved labeling. Products with "A" ratings are generally substitutable for the innovator drug by both in-hospital and retail pharmacies. Many health insurance plans require automatic substitution for "A" rated generic versions of products when they are available, although physicians may still prescribe the branded drug for individual patients. On rare occasions in the past, generic products were approved that were not rated as therapeutically equivalent, and these products were generally not substitutable at retail pharmacies.

        The timing of final FDA approval of a generic drug for commercial distribution depends on a variety of factors, including whether the applicant challenges any listed patents for the drug and/or its use and whether the manufacturer of the branded product is entitled to one or more statutory periods of non-patent regulatory exclusivity, during which the FDA is prohibited from accepting or approving generic product applications. For example, submission of an ANDA for a drug that was approved under

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an NDA as a new chemical entity will be blocked for five years after the pioneer's approval, or for four years after approval if the application includes a paragraph IV certification of non-infringement or invalidity against a patent applicable to the branded drug. In certain circumstances, a regulatory exclusivity period can extend beyond the life of a patent, and thus block ANDAs from being approved on or after the patent expiration date. For example, a three-year exclusivity period may be granted for new indications, dosage forms, routes of administration, or strengths of previously approved drugs, or for new uses, if approval of such changes required the sponsor to conduct new clinical studies. In addition, the FDA may extend the exclusivity of a product by six months past the date of patent expiry or other regulatory exclusivity if the manufacturer undertakes studies on the effect of their product in children, a so-called pediatric exclusivity.

        The brand manufacturer may seek to delay or prevent the approval of an ANDA by filing a Citizen Petition with the FDA. For example, a Citizen Petition may request the FDA to rule that a determination of "sameness" and/or therapeutic equivalence for a particular ANDA is not possible without extensive clinical testing, based on the characteristics of the brand product. Because relatively few ANDAs for complex mixture drugs have been reviewed by FDA, such a petition could substantially delay approval, or result in non-approval, of an ANDA for a complex mixture generic product. For example, Sanofi-Aventis filed a citizen petition that argued that "sameness" could not be established by any applicant filing an ANDA for a generic Lovenox on the grounds that Lovenox was too complex to be thoroughly characterized. The FDA denied Sanofi-Aventis petition in connection with the approval of the ANDA for enoxaparin sodium injection. The review of the citizen petition and the preparation of the FDA response, however, involved significant legal and regulatory resources that may have extended the time for FDA review and approval of the ANDA.

Patent Challenge Process Regarding ANDAs

        The Hatch-Waxman Act provides incentives for generic pharmaceutical manufacturers to challenge patents on branded pharmaceutical products and/or their methods of use, as well as to develop products comprising non-infringing forms of the patented drugs. The Hatch-Waxman legislation places significant burdens on the ANDA filer to ensure that such challenges are not frivolous, but also offers the opportunity for significant financial reward if the challenge is successful.

        If there is a patent listed for the branded drug in the FDA's Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence and Evaluations listing or "Orange Book" at the time of submission of the ANDA, or at any time before the ANDA is approved, the generic company's ANDA must include one of four types of patent certification with respect to each listed patent. If the applicant seeks approval to market the generic equivalent prior to the expiration of a listed patent, the generic company includes a certification asserting that the patent is invalid or unenforceable or will not be infringed, a so-called "paragraph IV certification." Within 20 days after receiving notice from the FDA that its application is acceptable for review, or immediately if the ANDA has been amended to include a paragraph IV certification after the application was submitted to the FDA, the generic applicant is required to send the patent owner and the holder of the NDA for the brand-name drug notice explaining why it believes that the listed patents in question are invalid, unenforceable or not infringed. If the patent holder commences a patent infringement lawsuit within 45 days of receipt of such notice, the Hatch-Waxman Act provides for an automatic stay on the FDA's ability to grant final approval of the ANDA for the generic product, generally for a period of 30 months. A 30-month stay may be shortened or lengthened by a court order if the district court finds that a party has failed to reasonably cooperate in expediting the action. Moreover, the district court may, before expiration of the stay, issue a preliminary injunction prohibiting the commercial sale of the generic drug until the court rules on the issues of validity, infringement, and enforceability. If the district court finds that the relevant patent is invalid, unenforceable, or not infringed, such ruling terminates the 30-month stay on the date of the judgment. If it is finally determined that the patent is valid, enforceable, and infringed, approval of the ANDA

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may not be granted prior to the expiration of the patent. In addition, if the challenged patent expires during the 30-month period, the FDA may grant final approval for the generic drug for marketing, if the FDA has determined that the application meets all technical and regulatory requirements for approval and there are no other obstacles to approval.

        In most cases, patent holders may only obtain one 30 month stay with respect to patents listed in the Orange Book. Specifically, for ANDAs with paragraph IV certifications to a patent listed for the branded drug in the Orange Book on or after August 18, 2003, a single 30-month stay is available for litigation related to that patent only if the patent was submitted to the FDA before the date that the ANDA (excluding an amendment or supplement) was submitted. In other words, 30-months stays are not triggered by later listed patents submitted to the FDA on or after the date the ANDA application was submitted. Because of this limitation, in most cases ANDAs will be subject to no more than one 30-month stay.

        Under the Hatch-Waxman Act, the first ANDA applicant to have submitted a substantially complete ANDA that includes a paragraph IV certification may be eligible to receive a 180-day period of generic market exclusivity during which the FDA may not approve any other ANDA for the same drug product. However, this exclusivity does not prevent the sponsor of the innovator drug from selling an unbranded "authorized generic" version of its own product during the 180-day exclusivity period. This period of market exclusivity may provide the patent challenger with the opportunity to earn a return on the risks taken and its legal and development costs and to build its market share before other generic competitors can enter the market. Under the Hatch-Waxman Act, as amended by the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003, or MMA, there are a number of ways an applicant who has filed an ANDA after the date of the MMA may forfeit its 180-day exclusivity, including if the ANDA is withdrawn or if the applicant fails to market its product within the specified statutory timeframe or achieve at least tentative approval within the specified timeframe. In addition, for ANDAs filed after the MMA was enacted, it is possible for more than one ANDA applicant to be eligible for 180-day exclusivity. This occurs when multiple "first" applicants submit substantially complete ANDAs with paragraph IV certifications on the same day.

Follow-On Biologics

        With the enactment of federal healthcare reform legislation in March 2010, the BPCI was enacted which created a new abbreviated approval pathway for FOBs. The new abbreviated pathway is codified in Section 351(k) of the Public Health Service Act. Under Section 351(k), the FDA must wait four years after approval of a product under a BLA before accepting a filing for a biosimilar version of the brand product, and the FDA cannot approve a biosimilar version of the brand product until 12 years after the brand product was approved under a BLA. In addition, the new legislation redefines "biologic" versus "drug." There is a ten year transition period during which applicants can elect regulation as a drug or biologic when applications are filed. For example, heparin-based products may now have the potential option of filing for approval as either a drug or a biologic.

        The new Section 351(k) pathway creates two primary regimes to encourage the development of FOBs. First, it authorizes the FDA to rely on the safety and efficacy of a brand biologic approved under a BLA to approve biosimilar products under the abbreviated pathway. Second, it establishes a process for negotiation and clearance of patents controlled by the brand biologic BLA holder. The law defines a biosimilar product as a biologic that:

    is "highly similar" to the brand product, notwithstanding minor differences in clinically inactive components; and

    has no clinically meaningful differences from the brand product in terms of safety, purity and potency.

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The new Section 351(k) pathway further defines a subset of biosimilar products as "interchangeable" if an applicant can demonstrate that:

    the interchangeable biological product can be expected to produce the same clinical result as the brand biologic product in any given patient; and

    if the product is administered more than once in a patient, that the risk in terms of safety or diminished efficacy of alternating or switching between the use of the interchangeable biologic product and the brand biologic product is no greater than the risk of using the brand biologic product without switching.

        The new Section 351(k) pathway states that a biosimilar product that is determined to be interchangeable may be substituted for the brand biologic product without the intervention of a health care provider who prescribed the brand biologic product. The law states that the biosimilar must be for the same indication as a the brand biologic, involve the same mechanism of action and that the manufacturing facility meets the standards necessary to assure that the product continues to be safe, pure and potent. The types of data that would ordinarily be required in an application to show similarity would include:

    analytical data and studies to demonstrate chemical similarity;

    animal studies (including toxicity studies); and

    clinical studies.

        The FDA has the discretion to determine whether one or more of these elements are necessary. The FDA has not established guidance on proving similarity or in demonstrating interchangeability and applicants will need to develop appropriate scientific evidence to support their filings.

        Upon filing an abbreviated application, the patent negotiation and clearance process is triggered. Under the provisions, an applicant and the brand biologic company are required to share information to seek to resolve any patent disputes. A failure to share information or participate in the process has defined consequences that include the loss of the right to seek patent clearance on the applicant's part and the loss of the right to seek lost profits or injunctive relief for infringement on the brand biologic patent right holder's part. The process, if initiated by the applicant, has several stages, including defining which patents to include in a pre-approval litigation proceeding, initiating litigation, notice 180 days prior to launch of a biosimilar, the initiation of a second round of litigation relating to patents the parties did not include in the first round litigation, and, following approval, litigation on patents brought by the brand biologic company or other patent holders not involved in the prior patent process.

        The new law is complex and is only beginning to be interpreted and implemented by the FDA. As a result, its ultimate impact, implementation and meaning will be subject to uncertainty for years to come.

NDA and BLA Approval Processes for New Drugs and Biologics

        In the United States, the FDA regulates drugs and biologics under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and, in the case of biologics, also under the Public Health Service Act, and implementing regulations. The steps required before a new or branded drug or biologic may be marketed in the United States include:

    completion of preclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies under the FDA's good laboratory practices;

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    submission to the FDA of an IND for human clinical testing, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin and must include independent Institutional Review Board, or IRB, approval at each clinical site before the trial is initiated;

    performance of adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the investigational drug product for each indication or the safety, purity and potency of the biological product for its intended indication;

    completion of developmental chemistry, manufacturing and controls activities and manufacture under current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP;

    submission to the FDA of an NDA or BLA;

    satisfactory completion of an FDA Advisory Committee review, if applicable;

    satisfactory completion of an FDA inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance with cGMPs and to assure that the facilities, methods and controls are adequate to preserve the drug's identity, strength, quality and purity or to meet standards designed to ensure the biologic's continued safety, purity and potency;

    satisfactory completion of FDA inspections of non-clinical and or clinical testing sites; and

    FDA review and approval of the NDA or BLA.

        Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, toxicity and formulation, as well as animal studies. An IND sponsor must submit the results of the preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical and stability data, to the FDA as part of the IND. An IND will automatically become effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA unless, before that time, the FDA raises concerns or questions about issues such as the conduct of the trials as outlined in the IND. In that case, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding FDA concerns or questions before clinical trials can proceed. Submission of an IND may not result in the FDA allowing clinical trials to commence.

        Clinical trials involve the administration of the investigational product to human subjects or patients in accordance with specific protocols and under the supervision of qualified investigators in accordance with good clinical practices, or GCPs. Each clinical trial protocol must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND, and an IRB at each site where the study is conducted must also approve the study. Clinical trials typically are conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap or be combined. Phase 1 trials usually involve the initial introduction of the investigational drug into humans to evaluate the product's safety, dosage tolerance, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. If feasible, Phase 1 studies also attempt to detect any early indication of a drug's potential effectiveness. Phase 2 trials usually involve controlled trials in a limited patient population to evaluate dosage tolerance and appropriate dosage, identify possible adverse effects and safety risks and evaluate the preliminary efficacy of the drug for specific indications. Phase 3 trials usually test a specific hypothesis to evaluate clinical efficacy and test further for safety in an expanded patient population, to establish the overall benefit-risk relationship of the product and to provide adequate information for the labeling of the product. Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 testing may not be completed successfully within any specified period, if at all. Furthermore, the FDA, an IRB or a sponsor may suspend or terminate clinical trials at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk. The FDA can also request that additional clinical trials be conducted as a condition of product approval. Finally, sponsors are required to publicly disseminate information about ongoing and completed clinical trials on a government website administered by the National Institutes of Health, or NIH, and are subject to civil money penalties and other civil and criminal sanctions for failing to meet these obligations.

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        Assuming successful completion of the required clinical testing, the results of the preclinical studies and of the clinical studies, together with other detailed information, including information on the chemistry, manufacture and control of the product, are submitted to the FDA in the form of an NDA or BLA requesting approval to market the product for one or more indications. The FDA reviews an NDA to determine, among other things, whether a product is safe and effective for its intended use and whether its manufacturing is cGMP-compliant to assure and preserve the product's identity, strength, quality and purity. The FDA reviews a BLA to determine, among other things, whether the product is safe, pure and potent and the facility in which it is manufactured, processed, packed or held meets standards designed to assure the product's continued safety, purity and potency. The FDA may refuse to accept and review insufficiently complete applications.

        Before approving an NDA or BLA, the FDA will inspect the facility or the facilities at which the product is manufactured. The FDA will not approve the product unless it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities are in compliance with cGMP requirements and adequate to assure consistent production of the product within required specifications. Additionally, before approving an NDA or BLA, the FDA will typically inspect one or more clinical sites to assure compliance with GCPs. If the FDA determines the application, manufacturing process or manufacturing facilities are not acceptable, it will outline the deficiencies in the submission and often will request additional testing or information. Notwithstanding the submission of any requested additional information, the FDA ultimately may decide that the application does not satisfy the regulatory criteria for approval.

        The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and each may take several years to complete. Moreover, after approval, some types of changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications, manufacturing changes and additional labeling claims, are subject to further FDA review and approval of a new NDA or BLA, or NDA or BLA supplement, before the change can be implemented.

        Upon approval of a new drug or a new indication based under an NDA or a supplement to an NDA, the holder of the approval receives the benefit of protection from generic competition. As discussed above, for example, the FDA must wait at least four years before accepting a filing for approval of a generic version of the brand product under an ANDA, and the FDA cannot approve a generic version of the brand product under an ANDA until five years after the brand product was approved under the NDA. In addition, in certain circumstances where a brand product files additional data as outlined above for a new indication or use of a brand based upon new clinical studies and receives an approval, the FDA is similarly precluded from approving a generic version of the brand product for such new indication or use until three years after the new use or indication was approved by the brand.

        The BPCI added new exclusivity provisions for brand biologics along with the creation of a new approval pathway for FOBs. Under the law, the FDA must wait four years after approval of a biologic under a BLA before accepting a filing for a biosimilar version of the brand product, and the FDA cannot approve a biosimilar version of the brand product until 12 years after the brand product was approved under a BLA. In addition, the new legislation redefines the definition of biologic versus drug and, as a result, a number of products that were previously regulated as drugs may now be regulated as biologics. There is a ten year transition period during which applicants can elect regulation as a drug or a biologic when applications are filed. For example, heparin based products may now have the option of filing for approval as a biologic. This could provide an applicant that elects regulation as a biologic with the longer twelve year period of exclusivity protection as compared to the five year period of exclusivity protection against generic drug competition.

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Post-Approval Requirements

        After regulatory approval of a product is obtained, we will be required to comply with a number of post-approval requirements. For example, as a condition of approval of an NDA, BLA, ANDA or Section 351(k) application, the FDA may require post-marketing testing and surveillance to further assess and monitor the product's safety or efficacy after commercialization. Any post-approval regulatory obligations, and the cost of complying with such obligations, could expand in the future.

        In addition, holders of an approved NDA, BLA, ANDA or Section 351(k) approval are required to report, among other things, certain adverse reactions and production problems to the FDA, to provide updated safety and efficacy information and to comply with requirements concerning advertising and promotional labeling for their products. Also, quality control and manufacturing procedures must continue to conform to cGMP after approval. The FDA periodically inspects manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP, which imposes extensive procedural, substantive and recordkeeping requirements. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP and other aspects of regulatory compliance.

        Discovery of problems with a product or failure to comply with the applicable United States requirements at any time during the product development process, approval process or after approval, may subject an applicant to administrative or judicial sanctions. These sanctions could include the imposition by the FDA or an IRB of a clinical hold on or termination of studies, the FDA's refusal to approve pending applications or supplements, license suspension or revocation, withdrawal of an approval, restriction on marketing, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, civil penalties or criminal prosecution. Also, new government requirements may be established that could delay or prevent regulatory approval of our products under development.

Foreign Regulation

        In addition to regulations in the United States, we will be subject to a variety of foreign regulations governing clinical trials and commercial sales and distribution of our products if and when we enter those markets. Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a product, we must obtain approval of a clinical trial application or product from the applicable regulatory authorities of foreign countries before we can commence clinical trials or marketing of the product in those countries. The approval process varies from country to country, and the time may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary greatly from country to country.

        Under European Union regulatory systems, we may submit marketing authorizations either under a centralized or decentralized procedure. The centralized procedure is mandatory for the approval of biotechnology products and many pharmaceutical products and provides for the grant of a single marketing authorization that is valid for all European Union member states. The decentralized procedure provides for mutual recognition of national approval decisions and is available at the request of the applicant for products that are not subject to the centralized procedure. Under this procedure, the holder of a national marketing authorization from one European Union member state (the reference member state) may submit an application to the remaining member states. Generally, each member state decides whether to recognize the reference member state's approval in its own country.

Related Matters

        From time to time, legislation is drafted, introduced and passed in Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the approval, manufacturing and marketing of products regulated by the FDA or reimbursed under Medicare by the Center for Medicare Services. In addition,

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FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the agency in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. It is impossible to predict whether legislative changes will be enacted, or FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations changed, or what the impact of such changes, if any, may be.

Hazardous Materials

        Our research and development processes involve the controlled use of certain hazardous materials and chemicals, including radioactive materials and equipment. We are subject to federal, state and local environmental, health and workplace safety laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and waste products. We do not expect the cost of complying with these laws and regulations to be material.


Employees

        We believe that our success will depend greatly on our ability to identify, attract and retain capable employees. As of December 31, 2010, we had 170 employees, including a total of 47 employees who hold M.D. or Ph.D. degrees. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining unit, and we believe our relations with our employees are good.


Financial Information about Segments and Geographic Areas

        We have only one operating segment. See the section entitled "Segment Reporting" appearing in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for information about our segment and for financial information about geographic areas. The Notes to our consolidated financial statements are contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Item 1A.    RISK FACTORS

        Investing in our stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below in addition to other information included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K before purchasing our stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial conditions or results of operations would likely suffer.


Risks Relating to our Business

We have incurred a cumulative loss since inception. If we do not continue to generate significant revenue, we may not remain profitable, and approval of another generic enoxaparin product will significantly affect our revenue.

        We have incurred significant losses since our inception in May 2001. At December 31, 2010, our accumulated deficit was $283.8 million. Until the sales by Sandoz of enoxaparin sodium injection, which commenced in July 2010, we had never received any revenue from the sale of products and we may still incur annual operating losses over the next several years as we expand our drug commercialization, development and discovery efforts. To remain profitable, we must continue to receive significant revenue, including from the sales by Sandoz of enoxaparin sodium injection. Although our first two quarters of enoxaparin sodium injection-related revenue was significant, revenue of that magnitude is highly dependent on Sandoz' product remaining the sole generic competitor to the brand product, and could significantly decline with the competitive entry of an additional generic enoxaparin product. In addition, we must successfully develop and obtain regulatory approval for our other drug candidates, and effectively manufacture, market and sell any drugs we successfully develop. Accordingly, we may not generate significant revenue in the longer term and, even if we do generate significant revenue, we may never achieve long term-profitability.

        To remain profitable, we and our collaborative partners must succeed in developing and commercializing drugs with significant market potential. This will require us and our collaborative partners to be successful in a range of challenging activities: developing product candidates; obtaining regulatory approval for product candidates through either existing or new regulatory approval pathways; clearing allegedly infringing patent rights; and manufacturing, distributing, marketing and selling products. Our profitability will also be dependent on the entry of competitive products and, if so, whether the entry is before or after the launch of our or our collaborative partners' products. We may never succeed in these activities and may never generate revenues that are significant. We may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Our failure to remain profitable would cause the market price of our common stock to decrease and could impair our ability to raise capital, expand our business, diversify our product offerings or continue our operations.

Our success is highly dependent on the successful commercialization of enoxaparin sodium injection.

        Our near-term ability to generate revenue and our future success, in large part, depends on the successful commercialization of enoxaparin sodium injection. This success further depends, in large part, on Sandoz' continued success in commercializing the product, capturing market share and in competing with Lovenox brand competition as well as potential other generic competition. Additional generic competition could lead to a significant loss of market share and a significant decline in pricing, resulting in a significant decline in revenue. Because enoxaparin sodium injection was only approved by the FDA in late July 2010, we cannot be certain the sales will continue to be successful and sustained. If the commercialization of enoxaparin sodium injection is not successful we may have to curtail our product development programs and our business would be materially harmed.

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If other generic versions of Lovenox are approved and successfully commercialized, our business would suffer due to a substantial change in the revenue we receive from Sandoz under our collaboration agreement.

        In March 2003, Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Teva each submitted ANDAs for generic versions of Lovenox with the FDA. In 2007, Hospira, Inc. submitted ANDAs for generic versions of Lovenox with the FDA. In addition, other third parties, including, without limitation, Sanofi-Aventis, may seek approval to market generic versions of Lovenox in the United States. If a competitor obtains FDA approval or if Sanofi-Aventis decides to market its drug as a generic or license it to another company to be sold as a generic, both known as authorized generics, the financial returns to us from the sale of enoxaparin sodium injection would be significantly less than if no other generics are approved. Under these circumstances, the resulting market price for our enoxaparin sodium injection product may be lower. Also, we may lose significant market share for enoxaparin sodium injection if one or more third parties market generic versions of Lovenox.

        In addition, the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration contains terms which specify the sharing of commercial revenue of enoxaparin sodium injection between us and Sandoz. Under circumstances when one or more third parties successfully commercialize a generic version of Lovenox, significantly less favorable economic terms for us would be triggered. Specifically, rather than a 45% profit share, we would receive a royalty in the high single to low double digits if a third-party competitor starts marketing a generic Lovenox equivalent or a combination of a royalty and a profit share in the case of an authorized generic. Consequently, if other generic versions of Lovenox are approved and commercialized, our revenue from enoxaparin sodium injection would be reduced and, as a result, our business, including our near-term financial results and our ability to fund future discovery and development programs, would suffer.

If our patent litigation against Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. related to enoxaparin is not successful, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., may be able to commercialize a generic enoxaparin product, and our business would be materially harmed.

        In December 2010, we sued Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts for infringement of two of our patents that cover the innovative methods of producing enoxaparin sodium, which assure that the commercial product meets standards for identity and quality. If we are not successful in this patent litigation, and if Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. receives marketing approval, it may be able to commercialize a generic enoxaparin. Under these circumstances, the resulting market price for our enoxaparin sodium injection product may be lower, we may lose significant market share for enoxaparin sodium injection and significantly less favorable economic terms for us under the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration would be triggered. Consequently, if Teva commercialized a generic enoxaparin, our revenue would be reduced and our business, including our near-term financial results and our ability to fund future discovery and development programs, would suffer.

If efforts by Sanofi-Aventis or others to limit or prevent the use of our enoxaparin sodium injection product are successful, our business may suffer.

        In February 2003, Sanofi-Aventis filed a Citizen Petition with the FDA requesting that the FDA withhold approval of any ANDA for a generic version of Lovenox until and unless the FDA determines that the manufacturing process used by the generic applicant is equivalent to the process used to make Lovenox, or until the generic applicant demonstrates through clinical trials that its product is equally safe and effective as Lovenox. The Citizen Petition also requested that the FDA require the generic product to contain a specific molecular structure. In July 2010, the FDA denied Sanofi-Aventis' Citizen Petition and approved the ANDA filed by Sandoz for enoxaparin sodium injection. In July 2010, Sanofi-Aventis filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia against the FDA, Margaret A. Hamburg, Commissioner of Food and Drugs, and Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary

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of Health and Human Services. The complaint alleged, among other things, that FDA's approval of the ANDA filed by Sandoz was arbitrary and capricious and exceeded FDA's statutory authority by requiring additional data for the purpose of demonstrating the safety or effectiveness of a generic version of Lovenox and departing from its own precedent governing the approval of generic drugs that have not been fully characterized. In December 2010, Sanofi-Aventis filed a motion for summary judgment seeking a reversal of the FDA approval and the defendants have each filed responses opposing the motion and filed cross-motions seeking to affirm the approval of Sandoz's ANDA for enoxaparin sodium injection.

        If Sanofi-Aventis is successful in its lawsuit against the FDA, approval of the ANDA may be reversed. A reversal may block continued sales of enoxaparin sodium injection, which would materially harm our business.

If efforts by manufacturers of branded products to delay or limit the use of generics are successful, our sales of technology-enabled generic products may suffer.

        Many manufacturers of branded products have increasingly used legislative, regulatory and other means to delay competition from manufacturers of generic drugs. These efforts have included:

    settling patent lawsuits with generic companies, resulting in such patents remaining an obstacle for generic approval by others;

    settling paragraph IV patent litigation with generic companies to prevent the expiration of the 180-day generic marketing exclusivity period or to delay the triggering of such exclusivity period;

    submitting Citizen Petitions to request the FDA Commissioner to take administrative action with respect to prospective and submitted generic drug applications;

    appealing denials of Citizens Petitions in United States federal district courts and seeking injunctive relief to reverse approval of generic drug applications;

    seeking changes to the United States Pharmacopeia, an industry recognized compilation of drug standards;

    pursuing new patents for existing products or processes which could extend patent protection for a number of years or otherwise delay the launch of generic drugs; and

    attaching special patent extension amendments to unrelated federal legislation.

        The FDA's practice is to rule within 180 days on Citizen Petitions that seek to prevent approval of an ANDA if the petition was filed after the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003, or MMA. If, at the end of the 180-day period, the ANDA is not ready for approval or rejection, then the FDA has typically denied and dismissed the petition without acting on the petition. Teva Neuroscience, Inc. has filed several Citizen Petitions, two of which have been denied and dismissed and one of which is pending. Teva may seek to file future petitions if the current petition is denied and Teva may also seek reversal of the denial of a Citizen Petition in federal court. Other third parties may also file Citizen Petitions requesting that the FDA adopt specific approval standards for generic products. For example, in October, 2010, Peptimmune, Inc. filed a Citizen Petition requesting that certain pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic tests be adopted by the FDA as sameness standards for generic Copaxone. If the FDA grants Peptimmune's, Teva's or a third party's Citizen Petition, we and Sandoz may be delayed in obtaining, or potentially unable to obtain, approval of the ANDA for M356 which would materially harm our business.

        Further, some manufacturers of branded products have engaged in state-by-state initiatives to enact legislation that restricts the substitution of some branded drugs with generic drugs. If these

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efforts to delay or block competition are successful, we may be unable to sell our generic products, which could have a material adverse effect on our sales and profitability.

Our patent litigation with Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., the manufacturer of Copaxone, may cause delays and additional expense in the commercialization of M356. If we are not successful in commercializing M356 or are significantly delayed in doing so, our business may be materially harmed.

        In July 2008, the FDA accepted for review the ANDA containing a paragraph IV certification for generic Copaxone submitted by Sandoz. Subsequently, in August 2008, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and related entities sued Sandoz, Novartis AG and us for patent infringement related to four of the seven Orange Book patents listed for Copaxone in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The court subsequently dismissed all claims in the case against Sandoz GmbH and Novartis AG the foreign affiliates of Sandoz. We and Sandoz asserted defenses of non-infringement, invalidity and unenforceability and filed counterclaims for declaratory judgments to have all seven of the Orange Book patents as well as two additional patents in the same patent family adjudicated in the present lawsuit. In January 2010, the court heard arguments from the parties on the meaning of certain disputed claim terms in a claim construction hearing (also known as a "Markman hearing"). There is no defined timeline for the judge to issue a decision on claim construction and such a decision could be issued at any time. In September 2010, the court denied Sandoz' and our motion for summary judgment to rule that the Orange Book patents were invalid as a matter of law, stating that fact finding was necessary to render a ruling. Another company, Mylan Inc., or Mylan, also has an ANDA for generic Copaxone under FDA review. In October 2009, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. sued Mylan for patent infringement related to the Orange Book patents listed for Copaxone and in October 2010, the court consolidated the Mylan case with the case against us and Sandoz. The Mylan-related Markman hearing was held in January 2011. While discovery in the consolidated cases is complete, and a trial date is scheduled for September 2011, there is a risk that Teva will seek to use legal procedures to delay the trial, to appeal a decision and to delay clearance of the patents prior to approval of the ANDA for generic Copaxone.

        In a separate lawsuit, in December 2009, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and related entities sued Sandoz, Novartis AG and us for patent infringement related to certain non-Orange Book patents. We and Sandoz filed a Motion to dismiss this case, and a Motion to Stay Litigation Pending Resolution of the Motion to Dismiss. Both motions were opposed by Teva and are pending. The court subsequently dismissed all claims in the cases against Sandoz GmbH and Novartis AG the foreign affiliates of Sandoz.

        These lawsuits could significantly delay, impair or prevent our ability to commercialize M356, our second major generic product candidate. Litigation involves many risks and uncertainties, and there is no assurance that Sandoz or we will prevail in any lawsuit with Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. In addition, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. has significant resources and any litigation with Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. could last a number of years, potentially delaying or prohibiting the commercialization of M356. If we are not successful in commercializing M356 or are significantly delayed in doing so, our business may be materially harmed.

If other generic versions of our product candidates, including M356, are approved and successfully commercialized, our business would suffer.

        We expect that certain of our product candidates may face intense and increasing competition from other manufacturers of generic and/or branded products. For example, in September 2009, Mylan Inc. announced that the FDA had accepted for filing its ANDA for generic Copaxone. Furthermore, as patents for branded products and related exclusivity periods expire, manufacturers of generic products may receive regulatory approval for generic equivalents and may be able to achieve significant market penetration. As this happens, or as branded manufacturers launch authorized generic

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versions of such products, market share, revenues and gross profit typically decline, in some cases, dramatically. If any of our generic product offerings, including M356, enter markets with a number of competitors, we may not achieve significant market share, revenues or gross profit. In addition, as other generic products are introduced to the markets in which we participate, the market share, revenues and gross profit of our generic products could decline.

If the raw materials, including unfractionated heparin, or UFH, used in our products become difficult to obtain, significantly increase in cost or become unavailable, we may be unable to produce our products and this would have a material adverse impact on our business.

        We and our collaborative partners and vendors obtain certain raw materials, including UFH, from suppliers who in turn source the materials from other countries, including four suppliers in China. In 2008, due to the occurrence of adverse events associated with the use of UFH, there were global recalls of UFH products, including in the United States, putting our supply chain at risk. Based on investigation by the FDA into those adverse events, the FDA identified a heparin-like contaminant in the implicated UFH products and recommended that manufacturers and suppliers of UFH use additional tests to screen their UFH active pharmaceutical ingredient. We and our collaborative partner worked with the appropriate regulatory authorities to document and to demonstrate that our testing standards meet or exceed all requirements for testing and screening the supply of UFH active pharmaceutical ingredient. The FDA and other authorities have also placed restrictions on the import of some raw materials from China, and may in the future place additional restrictions and testing requirements on the use of raw materials, including UFH, in products intended for sale in the United States. As a result, the raw materials, including UFH, used in our products may become difficult to obtain, significantly increase in cost, or become unavailable to us. If any of these events occur, we and our collaborative partners may be unable to produce our products in sufficient quantities to meet the requirements for the commercial launch or demand for the product, which would have a material adverse impact on our business.

If we or our collaborative partners and other third parties are unable to satisfy FDA quality standards and related regulatory requirements, experience manufacturing difficulties or are unable to manufacture sufficient quantities of our products or product candidates, our development and commercialization efforts may be materially harmed.

        We have limited personnel with experience in, and we do not own facilities for, manufacturing any products. We depend upon our collaborative partners and other third parties to provide raw materials meeting FDA quality standards and related regulatory requirements, manufacture the drug substance, produce the final drug product and provide certain analytical services with respect to our products and product candidates, including enoxaparin sodium injection. We, our collaborative partners or our third-party contractors may have difficulty meeting FDA manufacturing requirements, including, but not limited to, reproducibility, validation and scale-up, and continued compliance with current good manufacturing practices requirements. In addition, events such as the contamination of UFH may have an adverse impact on the supply of starting or raw materials for some of our products and product candidates, and we, our collaborative partners or our third-party contractors may have difficulty producing products in the quantities necessary to meet FDA requirements or meet anticipated market demand. If we, our collaborative partners or our third-party manufacturers or suppliers are unable to satisfy the FDA manufacturing requirements for our products and product candidates, or are unable to produce our products in sufficient quantities to meet the requirements for the launch of the product or to meet market demand, our revenue and gross margins could be adversely affected, and could have a material adverse impact on our business.

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We will require substantial additional funds to execute our business plan and, if additional capital is not available, we may need to limit, scale back or cease our operations.

        As of December 31, 2010, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaling $152.8 million and accounts receivable of $54.5 million. For the year ended December 31, 2010, we had a net income of $37.3 million and used cash in operating activities of $1.1 million. We will continue to require substantial funds to conduct research and development, process development, manufacturing, preclinical testing and clinical trials of our product candidates, as well as funds necessary to manufacture and market products that are approved for commercial sale. Because successful development of our drug candidates is uncertain, we are unable to estimate the actual funds we will require to complete research and development and commercialize our products under development.

        Our future capital requirements may vary depending on the following:

    the rate sales of enoxaparin sodium injection and the timeliness with which enoxaparin sodium injection is accepted by patients, physicians and third-party payors as an alternative to Lovenox;

    if Sanofi-Aventis is able to obtain an injunction blocking sales of enoxaparin sodium injection;

    a decision is issued in favor of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. in its patent litigation matters against us;

    the advancement of our generic product candidates and other development programs, including the timing of regulatory approvals;

    the timing of FDA approval of the products of our competitors, such as Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd.'s generic enoxaparin product candidate;

    the cost of litigation, including with Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd. relating to Copaxone, that is not otherwise covered by our collaboration agreement, or potential patent litigation with others, as well as any damages, including possibly treble damages, that may be owed to third parties should we be unsuccessful in such litigation;

    the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approvals;

    the ability to enter into strategic collaborations;

    the continued progress in our research and development programs, including completion of our preclinical studies and clinical trials;

    the potential acquisition and in-licensing of other technologies, products or assets; and

    the cost of manufacturing, marketing and sales activities, if any.

        We may seek additional funding in the future and intend to do so through collaborative arrangements and public or private equity and debt financings. Any additional capital raised through the sale of equity may dilute existing investors' percentage ownership of our common stock. Capital raised through debt financing would require us to make periodic interest payments and may impose potentially restrictive covenants on the conduct of our business. Additional funds may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. In addition, the terms of any financing may adversely affect the holdings or the rights of our stockholders. If we are unable to obtain funding on a timely basis, we may be required to significantly curtail one or more of our research or development programs. We also could be required to seek funds through arrangements with collaborators or others that may require us to relinquish rights to some of our technologies, product candidates or products which we would otherwise pursue on our own.

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Competition in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries is intense, and if we are unable to compete effectively, our financial results will suffer.

        The markets in which we intend to compete are undergoing, and are expected to continue to undergo, rapid and significant technological change. We expect competition to intensify as technological advances are made or new biotechnology products are introduced. New developments by competitors may render our current or future product candidates and/or technologies non-competitive, obsolete or not economical. Our competitors' products may be more efficacious or marketed and sold more effectively than any of our products.

        Many of our competitors have:

    significantly greater financial, technical and human resources than we have at every stage of the discovery, development, manufacturing and commercialization process;

    more extensive experience in commercializing generic drugs, conducting preclinical studies, conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals, challenging patents and manufacturing and marketing pharmaceutical products;

    products that have been approved or are in late stages of development; and

    collaborative arrangements in our target markets with leading companies and/or research institutions.

        If we successfully develop and obtain approval for our drug candidates, we will face competition based on many different factors, including:

    the safety and effectiveness of our products;

    with regard to our generic product candidates, the differential availability of clinical data and experience between a brand manufacturer that conducts clinical trials and a generic manufacturer;

    the timing and scope of regulatory approvals for these products and regulatory opposition to any product approvals;

    the availability and cost of manufacturing, marketing, distribution and sales capabilities;

    the effectiveness of our marketing, distribution and sales capabilities;

    the price of our products;

    the availability and amount of third-party reimbursement for our products; and

    for our innovative products, the strength of our patent position.

        Our competitors may develop or commercialize products with significant advantages in regard to any of these factors. Our competitors may therefore be more successful in commercializing their products than we are, which could adversely affect our competitive position and business.

If we or our collaborators are unable to establish and maintain key customer distribution arrangements, sales of our products, and therefore revenue, would decline.

        Generic pharmaceutical products are sold through various channels, including retail, mail order, and to hospitals through group purchasing organizations, or GPOs. As enoxaparin sodium injection is primarily a hospital-based product, a large percentage of the revenue for enoxaparin sodium injection is derived through contracts with GPOs. Currently, a relatively small number of GPOs control a substantial portion of generic pharmaceutical sales to hospital customers. In order to establish and maintain contracts with these GPOs, we believe that we, in collaboration with Sandoz, will need to

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maintain adequate drug supplies, remain price competitive, comply with FDA regulations and provide high-quality products. The GPOs with whom we or our collaborators have established contracts may also have relationships with our competitors and may decide to contract for or otherwise prefer products other than ours, limiting access of enoxaparin sodium injection to certain hospital segments. Our sales could also be negatively affected by any rebates, discounts or fees that are required by our customers, including the GPOs, wholesalers, distributors, retail chains or mail order services, to gain and retain market acceptance for our products. We anticipate that M356 will be primarily distributed through retail channels and mail order services. If we or our collaborators are unable to establish and maintain distribution arrangements with all of these customers, sales of our products, our revenue and our profits would suffer.

Even if we receive approval to market our product candidates, the market may not be receptive to our product candidates upon their commercial introduction, which could prevent us from being profitable.

        Even if our product candidates are successfully developed and approved for marketing, our success and growth will also depend upon the acceptance of our products by patients, physicians and third-party payors. Acceptance of our products will be a function of our products being clinically useful, being cost effective and demonstrating superior therapeutic effect with an acceptable side effect profile as compared to existing or future treatments. In addition, even if our products achieve market acceptance, we may not be able to maintain that market acceptance over time.

        Factors that we believe will materially affect market acceptance of our product candidates under development include:

    the timing of our receipt of any marketing approvals, the terms of any approval and the countries in which approvals are obtained;

    the safety, efficacy and ease of administration of our products;

    the competitive pricing of our products;

    physician confidence in the safety and efficacy of complex generic products;

    the success and extent of our physician education and marketing programs;

    the clinical, medical affairs, sales, distribution and marketing efforts of competitors; and

    the availability and amount of government and third-party payor reimbursement.

        If our products do not achieve market acceptance, we will not be able to generate sufficient revenue from product sales to maintain or grow our business.

If we are not able to retain our current management team or attract and retain qualified scientific, technical and business personnel, our business will suffer.

        We are dependent on the members of our management team for our business success. Our employment arrangements with our executive officers are terminable by either party on short notice or no notice. We do not carry life insurance on the lives of any of our personnel. The loss of any of our executive officers would result in a significant loss in the knowledge and experience that we, as an organization, possess and could cause significant delays, or outright failure, in the development and approval of our product candidates. In addition, there is intense competition from numerous pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, universities, governmental entities and other research institutions, for human resources, including management, in the technical fields in which we operate, and we may not be able to attract and retain qualified personnel necessary for the successful development and commercialization of our product candidates.

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There is a substantial risk of product liability claims in our business. If our existing product liability insurance is insufficient, a product liability claim against us that exceeds the amount of our insurance coverage could adversely affect our business.

        Our business exposes us to significant potential product liability risks that are inherent in the development, manufacturing and marketing of human therapeutic products. Product liability claims could delay or prevent completion of our development programs. If we succeed in marketing products, such claims could result in a recall of our products or a change in the approved indications for which they may be used. While we currently maintain product liability insurance coverage that we believe is adequate for our current operations, we cannot be sure that such coverage will be adequate to cover any incident or all incidents. Furthermore, clinical trial and product liability insurance is becoming increasingly expensive. As a result, we may be unable to maintain sufficient insurance at a reasonable cost to protect us against losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business. These liabilities could prevent or interfere with our product development and commercialization efforts.

As we evolve from a company primarily involved in drug discovery and development into one that is also involved in the commercialization of drug products, we may have difficulty managing our growth and expanding our operations successfully.

        As we advance our drug candidates through the development process, we will need to expand our development, regulatory, manufacturing, quality, distribution, sales and marketing capabilities or contract with other organizations to provide these capabilities for us. As our operations expand, we expect that we will need to manage additional relationships with various collaborative partners, suppliers and other organizations. Our ability to manage our operations and growth requires us to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures. For example, some jurisdictions, such as the District of Columbia, have imposed licensing requirements for sales representatives. In addition, the District of Columbia and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the Federal government by way of the health care reform legislation, have established reporting requirements that would require public reporting of consulting and research fees to health care professionals. Because the reporting requirements vary in each jurisdiction, compliance will be complex and expensive and may create barriers to entering the commercialization phase. The need to build new systems as part of our growth could place a strain on our administrative and operational infrastructure. We may not be able to make improvements to our management information and control systems in an efficient or timely manner and may discover deficiencies in existing systems and controls. Such requirements may also impact our opportunities to collaborate with physicians at academic research centers as new restrictions on academic-industry relationships are put in place. In the past, collaborations between academia and industry have led to important new innovations, but the new laws may have an effect on these activities. While we cannot predict whether any legislative or regulatory changes will have negative or positive effects, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and potential profitability.

We may acquire or make investments in companies or technologies that could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition or cash flows.

        We may acquire or invest in companies, products and technologies. Such transactions involve a number of risks, including:

    we may find that the acquired company or assets does not further our business strategy, or that we overpaid for the company or assets, or that economic conditions change, all of which may generate a future impairment charge;

    difficulty integrating the operations and personnel of the acquired business, and difficulty retaining the key personnel of the acquired business;

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    difficulty incorporating the acquired technologies;

    difficulties or failures with the performance of the acquired technologies or drug products;

    we may face product liability risks associated with the sale of the acquired company's products;

    disruption or diversion of management's attention by transition or integration issues and the complexity of managing diverse locations;

    difficulty maintaining uniform standards, internal controls, procedures and policies;

    the acquisition may result in litigation from terminated employees or third parties; and

    we may experience significant problems or liabilities associated with product quality, technology and legal contingencies.

        These factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition or cash flows, particularly in the case of a larger acquisition or multiple acquisitions in a short period of time. From time to time, we may enter into negotiations for acquisitions that are not ultimately consummated. Such negotiations could result in significant diversion of management time, as well as out-of-pocket costs.

        The consideration paid in connection with an acquisition also affects our financial results. If we were to proceed with one or more significant acquisitions in which the consideration included cash, we could be required to use a substantial portion of our available cash to consummate any acquisition. To the extent we issue shares of stock or other rights to purchase stock, including options or other rights, existing stockholders may be diluted and earnings per share may decrease. In addition, acquisitions may result in the incurrence of debt, large one-time write-offs and restructuring charges. They may also result in goodwill and other intangible assets that are subject to impairment tests, which could result in future impairment charges.


Risks Relating to Development and Regulatory Approval

If we are not able to obtain regulatory approval for commercial sale of our generic product candidate, M356, as a therapeutic equivalent to Copaxone, our future results of operations will be adversely affected.

        Our future results of operations depend to a significant degree on our ability to obtain regulatory approval for and commercialize M356. We will be required to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA, among other things, that M356:

    contains the same active ingredients as Copaxone;

    is of the same dosage form, strength and route of administration as Copaxone, and has the same labeling as the approved labeling for Copaxone, with certain exceptions; and

    meets compendial or other applicable standards for strength, quality, purity and identity, including potency.

        In addition, approval of a generic product generally requires demonstrating that the generic drug is bioequivalent to the reference listed drug upon which it is based, meaning that there are no significant differences with respect to the rate and extent to which the active ingredients are absorbed and become available at the site of drug action. However, the FDA may or may not waive the requirements for certain bioequivalence data (including clinical data) for certain drug products, including injectable solutions that have been shown to contain the same active and inactive ingredients in the same concentration as the reference listed drug.

        Determination of therapeutic equivalence of M356 to Copaxone will be based, in part, on our demonstration of the chemical equivalence of our versions to their respective reference listed drugs.

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The FDA may not agree that we have adequately characterized M356 or that M356 and Copaxone are chemical equivalents. In that case, the FDA may require additional information, including preclinical or clinical test results, to determine therapeutic equivalence or to confirm that any inactive ingredients or impurities do not compromise the product's safety and efficacy. Provision of sufficient information for approval may be difficult, expensive and lengthy. We cannot predict whether M356 will receive FDA approval as therapeutically equivalent to Copaxone.

        In the event that the FDA modifies its current standards for therapeutic equivalence with respect to generic versions of Copaxone, or requires us to conduct clinical trials or complete other lengthy procedures, the commercialization of M356 could be delayed or prevented or become more expensive. Delays in any part of the process or our inability to obtain regulatory approval for M356 could adversely affect our operating results by restricting or significantly delaying our introduction of M356.

Even if we are able to obtain regulatory approval for our generic product candidates as therapeutically equivalent, state pharmacy boards or agencies may conclude that our products are not substitutable at the pharmacy level for the reference listed drug. If our generic products are not substitutable at the pharmacy level for their reference listed drugs, this could materially reduce sales of our products and our business would suffer.

        Although the FDA may determine that a generic product is therapeutically equivalent to a brand product and provide it with an "A" rating in the FDA's Orange Book, this designation is not binding on state pharmacy boards or agencies. As a result, in states that do not deem our product candidates therapeutically equivalent, physicians will be required to specifically prescribe a generic product alternative rather than have a routine substitution at the pharmacy level for the prescribed brand product. Should this occur with respect to one of our generic product candidates, it could materially reduce sales in those states which would substantially harm our business.

Although health care reform legislation that establishes a regulatory pathway for the approval by the FDA of follow-on biologics has recently been enacted, the standards for determining sameness or similarity for follow-on biologics have not yet been implemented by the FDA. Therefore, substantial uncertainty remains about the potential value our proprietary technology platform can offer to follow-on biologic development programs.

        The regulatory climate in the United States for follow-on versions of biologic and complex protein products remains uncertain, even following the recent enactment of legislation establishing a regulatory pathway for the approval of follow-on biologics. The new pathway contemplates approval of two categories of follow-on biologic products: (1) biosimilar products, which are highly similar to the existing brand product, notwithstanding minor differences in clinically inactive components, and for which there are no clinically meaningful differences from the brand product and (2) interchangeable products, which in addition to being biosimilar can produce the same clinical result in any given patient without an increase in risk due to switching from the brand product. Only interchangeable biosimilar products would be considered interchangeable at the retail pharmacy level. The new legislation authorizes but does not require the FDA to establish standards or criteria for determining biosimilarity and interchangeability, and also authorizes the FDA to use its discretion to determine the nature and extent of product characterization, non-clinical testing and clinical testing on a product-by-product basis. Our competitive advantage in this area will depend on our success in demonstrating to the FDA that our analytics and protein engineering platform technology provides a level of scientific assurance that facilitates determinations of interchangeability, reduces the need for expensive clinical or other testing, and raises the scientific quality requirements for our competitors to demonstrate that their products are highly similar to a brand product. Our ability to succeed will depend in part on our ability to invest in new programs and develop data in a timeframe that enables the FDA to consider our approach as the agency begins to implement the new law.

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        The new regulatory pathway also creates a number of additional obstacles to the approval and launch of biosimilar and interchangeable products, including:

    an obligation of the applicant to share, in confidence, the information in its abbreviated pathway application with the brand company's and patent owner's counsel in order to utilize the new patent clearance process;

    the inclusion of multiple potential patent rights in the patent clearance process; and

    a grant to each brand company of 12 years of marketing exclusivity following the brand approval.

        Furthermore, the new regulatory pathway creates the risk that the brand company, during its 12-year marketing exclusivity period, will develop and replace its product with a modified product that qualifies for an additional 12-year marketing exclusivity period, reducing the opportunity for substitution at the retail pharmacy level for an interchangeable FOB. Finally, the new legislation also creates the risk that, as brand and FOB companies gain experience with the new regulatory pathway, subsequent FDA determinations or court rulings could create additional areas for potential disputes and resulting delays in FOB approval.

        Several states have challenged the healthcare reform legislation as unconstitutional, and at least two federal courts have ruled that it is unconstitutional in whole or in part. These cases have been appealed and the ultimate outcome may not be known for several years. In addition, there is reconsideration and legislative debate that could lead to the repeal or amendment of the new healthcare legislation. If the legislation is declared unconstitutional, is significantly amended or is repealed, our opportunity to develop biosimilar (including interchangeable) biologics could be lost and our business could be materially and adversely affected.

If our preclinical studies and clinical trials for our development candidates, including adomiparin and M402, are not successful, we will not be able to obtain regulatory approval for commercial sale of our novel or improved drug candidates.

        To obtain regulatory approval for the commercial sale of our novel drug candidates, we are required to demonstrate through preclinical studies and clinical trials that our drug development candidates are safe and effective. Preclinical studies and clinical trials of new development candidates are lengthy and expensive and the historical failure rate for development candidates is high.

        A failure of one or more of our preclinical studies or clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, preclinical studies and clinical trials that could delay or prevent our ability to receive regulatory approval or commercialize adomiparin, M402 or our other drug candidates, including:

    regulators or institutional review boards may not authorize us to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;

    our preclinical studies or clinical trials may produce negative or inconclusive results, and we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials or we may abandon projects that we previously expected to be promising;

    enrollment in our clinical trials may be slower than we anticipate, resulting in significant delays, and participants may drop out of our clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;

    we might have to suspend or terminate our clinical trials if the participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks;

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    regulators or institutional review boards may require that we hold, suspend or terminate clinical research for various reasons, including noncompliance with regulatory requirements or if, in their opinion, participants are being exposed to unacceptable health risks;

    the cost of our clinical trials may be greater than we anticipate; and

    the effects of our drug candidates may not be the desired effects or may include undesirable side effects or our product candidates may have other unexpected characteristics.

        The results from preclinical studies of a development candidate may not predict the results that will be obtained in human clinical trials. If we are required by regulatory authorities to conduct additional clinical trials or other testing of adomiparin, M402 or our future product candidates that we did not anticipate, if we are unable to successfully complete our clinical trials or other tests, or if the results of these trials are not positive or are only modestly positive, we may be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our drug candidates or we may not be able to obtain marketing approval at all. Our product development costs will also increase if we experience delays in testing or approvals. Significant clinical trial delays could allow our competitors to bring products to market before we do and impair our ability to commercialize our products or potential products. If any of these events occur, our business will be materially harmed.

Failure to obtain regulatory approval in foreign jurisdictions would prevent us from marketing our products abroad.

        We intend in the future to market our products, if approved, outside of the United States, either directly or through collaborative partners. In order to market our products in the European Union and many other foreign jurisdictions, we must obtain separate regulatory approvals and comply with the numerous and varying regulatory requirements of each jurisdiction. The approval procedure and requirements vary among countries, and can require, among other things, conducting additional testing in each jurisdiction. The time required to obtain approval abroad may differ from that required to obtain FDA approval. The foreign regulatory approval process may include all of the risks associated with obtaining FDA approval, and we may not obtain foreign regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all. Approval by the FDA does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries, and approval by one foreign regulatory authority does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in any other foreign country or by the FDA. We and our collaborators may not be able to file for regulatory approvals and may not receive necessary approvals to commercialize our products in any market outside of the United States. The failure to obtain these approvals could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Even if we obtain regulatory approvals, our marketed products will be subject to ongoing regulatory review. If we fail to comply with continuing United States and foreign regulations, we could lose our approvals to market products and our business would be seriously harmed.

        Even after approval, any drug or biological products we develop will be subject to ongoing regulatory review, including the review of clinical results which are reported after our products are made commercially available. Any regulatory approvals that we obtain for our product candidates may also be subject to limitations on the approved indicated uses for which the product may be marketed or to the conditions of approval, or contain requirements for potentially costly post-marketing testing, including phase 4 clinical trials, and surveillance to monitor the safety and efficacy of the product candidate. In addition, the manufacturer and manufacturing facilities we use to produce any of our product candidates will be subject to periodic review and inspection by the FDA, or foreign equivalent, and other regulatory agencies. We will be required to report any serious and unexpected adverse experiences and certain quality problems with our products and make other periodic reports to the FDA. The discovery of any new or previously unknown problems with the product, manufacturer or

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facility may result in restrictions on the product or manufacturer or facility, including withdrawal of the product from the market. Certain changes to an approved product, including in the way it is manufactured or promoted, often require prior FDA approval before the product as modified may be marketed. If we fail to comply with applicable FDA regulatory requirements, we may be subject to fines, warning letters, civil penalties, refusal by the FDA to approve pending applications or supplements, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approvals, product recalls and seizures, injunctions, operating restrictions, refusal to permit the import or export of products and/or criminal prosecutions and penalties.

        Similarly, we will be subject to comprehensive compliance obligations under state and federal reimbursement, anti-kickback and government pricing regulations. If we make false price reports, fail to implement adequate compliance controls or our employees violate the laws and regulations governing relationships with health care providers, we could also be subject to substantial fines and penalties, criminal prosecution and debarment from participation in the Medicare, Medicaid or other government reimbursement programs.

        In addition, the FDA's policies may change and additional government regulations may be enacted that could prevent, limit or delay regulatory approval of our product candidates. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action, either in the United States or abroad. If we are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption of new requirements or policies, or if we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may lose any marketing approval that we may have obtained and we may not achieve or sustain profitability, which would adversely affect our business.

If third-party payors do not adequately reimburse customers for any of our approved products, they might not be purchased or used, and our revenue and profits will not develop or increase.

        Our revenue and profits will depend heavily upon the availability of adequate reimbursement for the use of our approved product candidates from governmental and other third-party payors, both in the United States and in foreign markets. Reimbursement by a third-party payor may depend upon a number of factors, including the third-party payor's determination that use of a product is:

    a covered benefit under its health plan;

    safe, effective and medically necessary;

    appropriate for the specific patient;

    cost-effective; and

    neither experimental nor investigational.

        Obtaining coverage and reimbursement approval for a product from each government or other third-party payor is a time-consuming and costly process that could require us to provide supporting scientific, clinical and cost-effectiveness data for the use of our products to each payor. We may not be able to provide data sufficient to gain acceptance with respect to coverage and reimbursement. There is substantial uncertainty whether any particular payor will reimburse the use of any drug product incorporating new technology. Even when a payor determines that a product is eligible for reimbursement, the payor may impose coverage limitations that preclude payment for some uses that are approved by the FDA or comparable authority. Moreover, eligibility for coverage does not imply that any product will be reimbursed in all cases or at a rate that allows us to make a profit or even cover our costs. Interim payments for new products, if applicable, may also not be sufficient to cover our costs and may not be made permanent. Reimbursement rates may vary according to the use of the product and the clinical setting in which it is used, may be based on payments allowed for lower-cost products that are already reimbursed, may be incorporated into existing payments for other products or

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services, and may reflect budgetary constraints and/or imperfections in Medicare, Medicaid or other data used to calculate these rates. Net prices for products may be reduced by mandatory discounts or rebates required by government health care programs or by any future relaxation of laws that restrict imports of certain medical products from countries where they may be sold at lower prices than in the United States.

        There have been, and we expect that there will continue to be, federal and state proposals to constrain expenditures for medical products and services, which may affect payments for our products. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, frequently change product descriptors, coverage policies, product and service codes, payment methodologies and reimbursement values. Third-party payors often follow Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement rates, and both CMS and other third-party payors may have sufficient market power to demand significant price reductions. Due in part to actions by third-party payors, the health care industry is experiencing a trend toward containing or reducing costs through various means, including lowering reimbursement rates, limiting therapeutic class coverage and negotiating reduced payment schedules with service providers for drug products.

        Our inability to promptly obtain coverage and profitable reimbursement rates from government-funded and private payors for our products could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and our overall financial condition.

Federal legislation will increase the pressure to reduce prices of pharmaceutical products paid for by Medicare or may otherwise seek to limit healthcare costs, either of which could adversely affect our revenue, if any.

        The Medicare Modernization Act of 2003, or MMA changed the way Medicare covers and reimburses for pharmaceutical products. The legislation introduced a new reimbursement methodology based on average sales prices for drugs that are used in hospital settings or under the direct supervision of a physician and, starting in 2006, expanded Medicare coverage for drug purchases by the elderly. In addition, the MMA requires the creation of formularies for self-administered drugs, and provides authority for limiting the number of drugs that will be covered in any therapeutic class and provides for plan sponsors to negotiate prices with manufacturers and suppliers of covered drugs. As a result of the MMA and the expansion of federal coverage of drug products, we expect continuing pressure to contain and reduce costs of pharmaceutical products. Cost reduction initiatives and other provisions of this legislation could decrease the coverage and price that we receive for our products and could materially adversely affect our operating results and overall financial condition. While the MMA generally applies only to drug benefits for Medicare beneficiaries, private payors often follow Medicare coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement policies, and any reduction in coverage or payment that results from the MMA may result in a similar reduction in coverage or payments from private payors.

        Furthermore, health care reform legislation was enacted in 2010 that could significantly change the U.S. health care system and the reimbursement of products. A primary goal of the law is to reduce or limit the growth of health care costs, which could change the market for pharmaceuticals and biological products.

        The new law contains provisions that will affect companies in the pharmaceutical industry and other healthcare-related industries by imposing additional costs and changes to business practices. Provisions affecting pharmaceutical companies include an increase to the mandatory rebates for drugs sold into the Medicaid program, an extension of the rebate requirement to drugs used in risk-based Medicaid managed care plans, an extension of mandatory discounts for drug products sold to certain critical access hospitals, cancer hospitals and other covered entities, and discounts and fees applicable to brand-name drugs. Although many of these provisions may not apply directly to us, they may change

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business practices in our industry and, assuming our products are approved for commercial sale, such changes could adversely impact our profitability.

        Additionally, the new law establishes an abbreviated regulatory pathway for the approval of follow-on biologics and provides that brand biologic products may receive 12 years of market exclusivity, with a possible six-month extension for pediatric products. By creating a new approval pathway for FOBs and adjusting reimbursement for FOBs, the new law could promote the development and commercialization of FOBs. However, given the uncertainty of how the law will be interpreted and implemented, the impact of the law on our strategy for follow-on as well as novel biologics remains uncertain. Other provisions in the law, such as the comparative effectiveness provisions, may ultimately impact positively or negatively both brand and FOB products alike depending on an applicant's clinical data, effectiveness and cost profile. If a brand product cannot be shown to provide a benefit over other therapies, then it might receive reduced coverage and reimbursement. While this might increase market share for follow-on biologics based on cost savings, it could also have the effect of reducing follow-on biologic market share.

        The financial impact of this U.S. health care reform legislation over the next few years will depend on a number of factors, including but not limited to the issuance of implementation regulations and guidance and changes in sales volumes for products eligible for the new system of rebates, discounts and fees. Assuming our products are approved for commercial sale, the new legislation could also have a positive impact on us by increasing the aggregate number of persons with health care coverage in the U.S. and expanding the market for our products, but such increases, if any, are unlikely to be realized until approximately 2014 at the earliest.

        The full effects of the U.S. health care reform legislation cannot be known until the new law is implemented through regulations or guidance issued by the CMS and other federal and state health care agencies. While we cannot predict whether any legislative or regulatory changes will have negative or positive effects, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and potential profitability. In addition, litigation may prevent some or all of the legislation from taking effect. Consequently, there is uncertainty regarding implementation of the new legislation.

Foreign governments tend to impose strict price or reimbursement controls, which may adversely affect our revenue, if any.

        In some foreign countries, particularly the countries of the European Union, the pricing and/or reimbursement of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to governmental control. In these countries, pricing negotiations with governmental authorities can take considerable time after the receipt of marketing approval for a product. To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval in some countries, we may be required to conduct a clinical trial that compares the cost-effectiveness of our product candidate to other available therapies. If reimbursement of our products is unavailable or limited in scope or amount, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, our business could be adversely affected.

If we do not comply with laws regulating the protection of the environment and health and human safety, our business could be adversely affected.

        Our research and development involves, and may in the future involve, the use of hazardous materials and chemicals and certain radioactive materials and related equipment. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we spent approximately $57,000, $125,000 and $65,000, respectively, in order to comply with environmental and waste disposal regulations. Although we believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of these materials comply with the standards mandated by state and federal regulations, the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be eliminated. If an accident occurs, we could be held liable for resulting damages, which could be substantial. We are also subject to numerous environmental, health and workplace safety laws and

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regulations, including those governing laboratory procedures, exposure to blood-borne pathogens and the handling of biohazardous materials. Although we maintain workers' compensation insurance as prescribed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and, for claims not covered by workers' compensation insurance, employer's liability insurance, to cover us for costs and expenses we may incur due to injuries to our employees resulting from the use of these materials, this insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities. We do not maintain insurance for environmental liability or toxic tort claims that may be asserted against us. Additional federal, state and local laws and regulations affecting our operations may be adopted in the future. We may incur substantial costs to comply with, and substantial fines or penalties if we violate, any of these laws or regulations.

The FDA has reported that it has a substantial backlog of ANDA filings that have resulted in significant delays in review and approval of applications. As a result, the review and potential approval of our application for M356 may be significantly delayed.

        The FDA has reported that it has a substantial backlog of ANDA filings that have resulted in significant delays in the review and approval of ANDAs and amendments or supplements due to insufficient staffing and resources. Resource constraints have also resulted in significant delays in conducting ANDA-related pre-approval inspections. The FDA has proposed legislation that would enact user fees to fund additional resources and that would be accompanied by statutory review periods to the address this backlog and the delays. Currently, the FDA is obligated to give priority to NDA and BLA applications that are subject to statutory review time periods. Until such time as resources are increased by the FDA, our applications and supplements may be subject to significant delays during their review cycles. In addition, if a user fee statute is enacted, we may become liable for fees that could be material to our earnings.


Risks Relating to Patents and Licenses

If we are not able to obtain and enforce patent protection for our discoveries, our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates will be harmed and we may not be able to operate our business profitably.

        Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect proprietary methods and technologies that we develop under the patent and other intellectual property laws of the United States and other countries, so that we can prevent others from using our inventions and proprietary information. Because patent applications in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions are typically not published until 18 months after filing, or in some cases not at all, and because publications of discoveries in scientific literature lag behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that we were the first to make the inventions claimed in issued patents or pending patent applications, or that we were the first to file for protection of the inventions set forth in our patent applications. As a result, we may be required to obtain licenses under third-party patents to market our proposed products. If licenses are not available to us on acceptable terms, or at all, we will not be able to market the affected products.

        Our strategy depends on our ability to rapidly identify and seek patent protection for our discoveries. This process is expensive and time consuming, and we may not be able to file and prosecute all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner.

        Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may be able to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. The issuance of a patent does not guarantee that it is valid or enforceable, so even if we obtain patents, they may not be valid or enforceable against third parties.

        Our pending patent applications may not result in issued patents. The patent position of pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies, including ours, is generally uncertain and involves complex

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legal and factual considerations. The standards which the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and its foreign counterparts use to grant patents are not always applied predictably or uniformly and can change. There is also no uniform, worldwide policy regarding the subject matter and scope of claims granted or allowable in pharmaceutical or biotechnology patents. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary information to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and many companies have encountered significant problems and costs in protecting their proprietary information in these foreign countries.

        Accordingly, we do not know the degree of future protection for our proprietary rights or the breadth of claims allowed in any patents issued to us or to others.

        The allowance of broader claims may increase the incidence and cost of patent interference proceedings and/or opposition proceedings, and the risk of infringement litigation. On the other hand, the allowance of narrower claims may limit the value of our proprietary rights. Our issued patents may not contain claims sufficiently broad to protect us against third parties with similar technologies or products, or provide us with any competitive advantage. Moreover, once they have issued, our patents and any patent for which we have licensed or may license rights may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated or circumvented. If our patents are invalidated or otherwise limited, other companies will be better able to develop products that compete with ours, which could adversely affect our competitive business position, business prospects and financial condition.

        We also rely on trade secrets, know-how and technology, which are not protected by patents, to maintain our competitive position. If any trade secret, know-how or other technology not protected by a patent were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our business and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Third parties may allege that we are infringing their intellectual property rights, forcing us to expend substantial resources in resulting litigation, the outcome of which would be uncertain. Any unfavorable outcome of such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

        The issuance of our own patents does not guarantee that we have the right to practice the patented inventions. Third parties may have blocking patents that could be used to prevent us from marketing our own patented product and practicing our own patented technology.

        If any party asserts that we are infringing its intellectual property rights or that our creation or use of proprietary technology infringes upon its intellectual property rights, we might be forced to incur expenses to respond to and litigate the claims. Furthermore, we may be ordered to pay damages, potentially including treble damages, if we are found to have willfully infringed a party's patent rights. In addition, if we are unsuccessful in litigation, or pending the outcome of litigation, a court could issue a temporary injunction or a permanent injunction preventing us from marketing and selling the patented drug or other technology for the life of the patent that we have allegedly or been deemed to have infringed. Litigation concerning intellectual property and proprietary technologies is widespread and can be protracted and expensive, and can distract management and other key personnel from performing their duties for us.

        Any legal action against us or our collaborators claiming damages and seeking to enjoin any activities, including commercial activities relating to the affected products, and processes could, in addition to subjecting us to potential liability for damages, require us or our collaborators to obtain a license in order to continue to manufacture or market the affected products and processes. Any license required under any patent may not be made available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. In addition, some licenses may be non-exclusive, and therefore, our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us.

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        If we fail to obtain a required license or are unable to design around a patent, we may be unable to effectively market some of our technology and products, which could limit our ability to generate revenue or achieve profitability and possibly prevent us from generating revenue sufficient to sustain our operations.

If we become involved in patent litigation or other proceedings to determine or enforce our intellectual property rights, we could incur substantial costs which could adversely affect our business.

        We may need to resort to litigation to enforce a patent issued to us or to determine the scope and validity of third-party patent or other proprietary rights in jurisdictions where we intend to market our products, including the United States, the European Union, and many other foreign jurisdictions. The cost to us of any litigation or other proceeding relating to determining the validity of intellectual property rights, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial and could divert our management's efforts. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they may have substantially greater resources. Moreover, the failure to obtain a favorable outcome in any litigation in a jurisdiction where there is a claim of patent infringement could significantly delay the marketing of our products in that particular jurisdiction. Counterclaims for damages and other relief may be triggered by such enforcement actions. The costs, uncertainties and counterclaims resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could limit our ability to continue our operations.

We in-license a significant portion of our proprietary technologies and if we fail to comply with our obligations under any of the related agreements, we could lose license rights that are necessary to develop our product candidates.

        We are a party to and rely on a number of in-license agreements with third parties, such as those with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, that give us rights to intellectual property that is necessary for our business. In addition, we expect to enter into additional licenses in the future. Our current in-license arrangements impose various diligence, development, royalty and other obligations on us. If we breach our obligations with regard to our exclusive in-licenses, they could be converted to non-exclusive licenses or the agreements could be terminated, which would result in our being unable to develop, manufacture and sell products that are covered by the licensed technology.


Risks Relating to Our Dependence on Third Parties

Our 2003 Sandoz Collaboration and 2006 Sandoz Collaboration are important to our business. If Sandoz fails to adequately perform under either collaboration, or if we or Sandoz terminate all or a portion of either collaboration, the development and commercialization of some of our drug candidates, including enoxaparin sodium injection, would be delayed or terminated and our business would be adversely affected.

2003 Sandoz Collaboration

        Either we or Sandoz may terminate the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration for material uncured breaches or certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency by the other party. Sandoz may also terminate the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration if the enoxaparin sodium injection product or the market lacks commercial viability, if new laws or regulations are passed or court decisions rendered that substantially diminish our legal avenues for commercialization of enoxaparin sodium injection, or, in multiple cases, if certain costs exceed mutually agreed upon limits. If the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration is terminated other than due to our uncured breach or bankruptcy, we will be granted an exclusive license under certain intellectual property of Sandoz to develop and commercialize enoxaparin sodium injection in the United States. In that event, we would need to expand our internal capabilities or enter into another collaboration, which could cause significant delays that could prevent us from commercializing

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enoxaparin sodium injection. If Sandoz terminates the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration due to our uncured breach or bankruptcy, Sandoz would retain the exclusive right to commercialize enoxaparin sodium injection in the United States. In that event, we would no longer have any influence over the commercialization strategy of enoxaparin sodium injection in the United States. In addition, Sandoz would retain its rights of first negotiation with respect to certain of our other products in certain circumstances and its rights of first refusal outside of the United States and the European Union. Accordingly, if Sandoz terminates the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration, we may decide to discontinue the enoxaparin sodium injection project, or our revenue may be reduced, any one of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

2006 Sandoz Collaboration

        Either we or Sandoz may terminate the collaboration and license agreement, or Definitive Agreement, we executed with Sandoz in June 2007, as amended, for material uncured breaches or certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency by the other party. In addition, either we or Sandoz may terminate some of the products, on a product-by-product basis, if clinical trials are required. For some of the products, for any termination of the Definitive Agreement other than a termination by Sandoz due to our uncured breach or bankruptcy, or a termination by us alone due to the need for clinical trials, we will be granted an exclusive license under certain intellectual property of Sandoz to develop and commercialize the particular product. In that event, we would need to expand our internal capabilities or enter into another collaboration, which could cause significant delays that could prevent us from completing the development and commercialization of such product. For some products, if Sandoz terminates the Definitive Agreement due to our uncured breach or bankruptcy, or if there is a termination by us alone due to the need for clinical trials, Sandoz would retain the exclusive right to develop and commercialize the applicable product. In that event, we would no longer have any influence over the development or commercialization strategy of such product. In addition, for other products, if Sandoz terminates due to our uncured breach or bankruptcy, Sandoz retains a right to license certain of our intellectual property without the obligation to make any additional payments for such licenses. For certain products, if the Definitive Agreement is terminated other than due to our uncured breach or bankruptcy, neither party will have a license to the other party's intellectual property. In that event, we would need to expand our internal capabilities or enter into another collaboration, which could cause significant delays that could prevent us from completing the development and commercialization of such product. Accordingly, if the Definitive Agreement is terminated, our introduction of certain products may be significantly delayed, or our revenue may be significantly reduced either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We may need or elect to enter into alliances or collaborations with other companies to fund our development efforts or to supplement and enhance our own capabilities. If we are unsuccessful in forming or maintaining these alliances on favorable terms, or if any collaborative partner terminates or fails to perform its obligations, our business could be adversely affected.

        Because we have limited or no capabilities for manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution, and because we have limited resources, we may need to enter into alliances or collaborations with other companies that can assist with the development and commercialization of our product candidates, such as adomiparin. In those situations, we would expect our alliance or collaborative partners to provide substantial capabilities in manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution. We may not be successful in entering into any such alliances. Even if we do succeed in securing such alliances, we may not be able to maintain them.

        Factors that may affect the success of our collaborations include the following:

    disputes may arise in the future with respect to the ownership of rights to technology developed with collaborators;

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    our collaborators may pursue alternative technologies or develop alternative products, either on their own or in collaboration with others, that may be competitive with the products on which they are collaborating with us or which could affect our collaborators' commitment to our collaborations;

    our collaborators may terminate their collaborations with us, which could make it difficult for us to attract new collaborators or adversely affect how we are perceived in the business and financial communities;

    our collaborators may pursue higher-priority programs or change the focus of their development programs, which could affect the collaborators' commitment to us; and

    our collaborators with marketing rights may choose to devote fewer resources to the marketing of our product candidates, if any are approved for marketing, than to products from their own development programs.

        In addition to relying on a third party for its capabilities, we may depend on our alliances with other companies to provide substantial additional funding for development and potential commercialization of our drug candidates. We may not be able to obtain funding on favorable terms from these alliances, and if we are not successful in doing so, we may not have sufficient funds to develop particular drug candidates internally, or to bring drug candidates to market. Failure or delays in bringing our drug candidates to market will reduce their competitiveness and prevent us from generating sales revenue, which may substantially harm our business.

        Furthermore, in an effort to continually update and enhance our proprietary technology platform, we enter into agreements with other companies to develop, license, acquire and/or collaborate on various technologies. If we are unable to enter into the desired agreements, if the agreements do not yield the intended results or if the agreements terminate, we may need to find alternative approaches to such technology needs. If any of these occur, the development and commercialization of one or more drug candidates could be delayed, curtailed or terminated, any of which may adversely affect our business.

We and our collaborative partners depend on third parties for the manufacture of products. If we encounter difficulties in our supply or manufacturing arrangements, our business may be materially adversely affected.

        We have a limited number of personnel with experience in, and we do not own facilities for, manufacturing products. In addition, we do not have, and do not intend to develop, the ability to manufacture material for our clinical trials or at commercial scale. To develop our product candidates, apply for regulatory approvals and commercialize any products, we or our collaborative partners need to contract for or otherwise arrange for the necessary manufacturing facilities and capabilities. In order to generate revenue from the sales of enoxaparin sodium injection, sufficient quantities of such product must also be produced in order to satisfy demand. If these contract manufacturers are unable to manufacture sufficient quantities of product, comply with regulatory requirements, or breach or terminate their manufacturing arrangements with us, the development and commercialization of the affected products or drug candidates could be delayed, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, any change in these manufacturers could be costly because the commercial terms of any new arrangement could be less favorable and because the expenses relating to the transfer of necessary technology and processes could be significant.

        We have relied upon third parties to produce material for preclinical and clinical studies and may continue to do so in the future. We cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain and/or maintain long-term supply and supply arrangements of those materials on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to arrange for third-party manufacturing, or to do so on commercially reasonable terms, we may not be able to complete development of our products or market them.

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        In addition, the FDA and other regulatory authorities require that our products be manufactured according to current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP, regulations and that proper procedures are implemented to assure the quality of our sourcing of raw materials and the manufacture of our products. Any failure by us, our collaborative partners or our third-party manufacturers to comply with cGMP, and/or our failure to scale-up our manufacturing processes could lead to a delay in, or failure to obtain, regulatory approval. In addition, such failure could be the basis for action by the FDA to withdraw approvals for drug candidates previously granted to us and for other regulatory action, including product recall or seizure, fines, imposition of operating restrictions, total or partial suspension of production or injunctions. To the extent we rely on a third-party manufacturer, the risk of non-compliance with cGMPs may be greater and the ability to effect corrective actions for any such noncompliance may be compromised or delayed.

If we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may be unable to generate product revenue.

        We do not have a sales organization and have no experience as a company in the sale, marketing or distribution of pharmaceutical products. There are risks involved with establishing our own sales and marketing capabilities, as well as entering into arrangements with third parties to perform these services. For example, developing a sales force is expensive and time consuming and could delay any product launch. In addition, to the extent that we enter into arrangements with third parties to perform sales, marketing or distribution services, we will have less control over sales of our products and our future revenue would depend heavily on the success of the efforts of these third parties.


General Company Related Risks

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

        Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and our by-laws may delay or prevent an acquisition of us or a change in our management. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors. Because our board of directors is responsible for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions could in turn affect any attempt by our stockholders to replace current members of our management team. These provisions include:

    a classified board of directors;

    a prohibition on actions by our stockholders by written consent; and

    limitations on the removal of directors.

        Moreover, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner. Finally, these provisions establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at stockholder meetings. These provisions would apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders.

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Our stock price may be volatile, and purchasers of our common stock could incur substantial losses.

        The stock market in general and the market prices for securities of biotechnology companies in particular have experienced extreme volatility that often has been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. The trading price of our common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, volatile. Furthermore, our stock price could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, including the following:

    failure of enoxaparin sodium injection to sustain commercial success or to meet expectations of securities analysts;

    failure to obtain FDA approval for the M356 ANDA;

    other adverse FDA decisions relating to our enoxaparin sodium injection product or M356 program, including an FDA decision to require additional data, including requiring clinical trials, as a condition to M356 ANDA approval;

    announcements by other companies regarding the status of their ANDAs for generic versions of Lovenox or Copaxone;

    FDA approval of other companies' ANDAs for generic versions of Lovenox or Copaxone;

    litigation involving our company or our general industry or both, including litigation pertaining to the launch of our or our collaborative partners' products;

    a decision in favor of or against Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. in the current patent litigation matters, or a settlement related to either case;

    failure of our other product applications to meet the requirements for regulatory review and/or approval;

    results or delays in our or our competitors' clinical trials or regulatory filings;

    failure to demonstrate therapeutic equivalence with respect to our technology-enabled generic product candidates;

    demonstration of or failure to demonstrate the safety and efficacy for our novel development product candidates;

    our inability to manufacture any products in conformance with cGMP or in sufficient quantities to meet the requirements for the commercial launch of the product or to meet market demand;

    failure of any of our product candidates, if approved, to achieve commercial success;

    the discovery of unexpected or increased incidence in patients' adverse reactions to the use of our products or product candidates or indications of other safety concerns;

    developments or disputes concerning our patents or other proprietary rights;

    changes in estimates of our financial results or recommendations by securities analysts;

    termination of any of our strategic partnerships;

    significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;

    investors' general perception of our company, our products, the economy and general market conditions;

    rapid or disorderly sales of stock by holders of significant amounts of our stock; or

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    significant fluctuations in the price of securities generally or biotech company securities specifically.

        If any of these factors causes an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition, the price of our common stock could fall and investors may not be able to sell their common stock at or above their respective purchase prices.

We could be subject to class action litigation due to stock price volatility, which, if it occurs, will distract our management and could result in substantial costs or large judgments against us.

        The stock market in general has recently experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. In addition, the market prices of securities of companies in the biotechnology industry have been extremely volatile and have experienced fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. These fluctuations could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market prices of their securities. We may be the target of similar litigation in the future. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management's attention and resources, which could cause serious harm to our business, operating results and financial condition.

Item 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

        Not applicable.

Item 2.    PROPERTIES

        As of March 1, 2011, pursuant to our sublease agreements, we lease a total of approximately 78,500 square feet of office and laboratory space in one building in Cambridge, Massachusetts:

Property Location
  Approximate
Square
Footage
  Use   Lease
Expiration
Date
 
675 West Kendall Street
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
    78,500   Laboratory and Office     04/30/2015  

Item 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

        On August 28, 2008, Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd. and related entities, or Teva, and Yeda Research and Development Co., Ltd., or Yeda, filed suit against us, Sandoz and Novartis AG in the United Stated Federal District Court in Southern District of New York in response to the filing by Sandoz of the ANDA with a Paragraph IV certification for M356. The suit alleges infringement by us, Sandoz and Novartis AG of Orange Book patents owned by Yeda and licensed by Teva and seeks monetary, injunctive and declaratory relief. In addition, Teva and Yeda alleged additional claims against Sandoz and Novartis AG seeking monetary, injunctive and declaratory relief for alleged misappropriation of trade secrets and unfair competition. On November 3, 2008, we and Sandoz each filed responsive pleadings denying the allegations of infringement, setting forth affirmative defenses based on invalidity, non-infringement and inequitable conduct and counterclaims seeking declaratory relief that the patent rights of Teva and Yeda pertaining to M356 are either not infringed, invalid or unenforceable. Sandoz's answer also denied the allegations made by Teva and Yeda alleging misappropriation of trade secrets and unfair competition. In addition, we filed a counterclaim seeking damages for false patent marking under the applicable United States patent law. In November 2009, Teva amended its complaint to remove the trade secrets and unfair competition claims against Sandoz and Novartis AG. On December 23, 2009, we and Sandoz filed a motion for summary judgment as a matter of law in the case. In September 2010, the court denied Sandoz' and our motion for summary

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judgment, stating that fact finding was necessary to render a ruling. Another company, Mylan Inc., or Mylan, also has an ANDA for generic Copaxone under FDA review. In October 2009, Teva sued Mylan for patent infringement related to the Orange Book patents listed for Copaxone and in October 2010, the court consolidated the Mylan case with the case against us and Sandoz. The Mylan-related Markman hearing was held in January 2011 and a trial has been scheduled for September 2011 in the consolidated case.

        On December 10, 2009, in a separate action in the same court, Teva sued Sandoz, Novartis AG and us for patent infringement related to certain non-Orange Book patents after Teva's motion to add those patents to the ongoing Paragraph IV litigation was denied. On January 7, 2010, we and Sandoz filed a motion to dismiss this second suit on several grounds, including the failure of Teva to state an actionable legal claim and lack of subject matter jurisdiction.

        While we intend to vigorously defend these suits and prosecute our counterclaims, and we believe that we can ultimately prove our case in court, each of these litigations could last a number of years. As a result, one or both of these litigations could significantly delay, impair or prevent our ability to commercialize M356 and our business could be materially harmed. Litigation involves many risks and uncertainties, and there is no assurance that Novartis AG, Sandoz or we will prevail in any lawsuit with Teva.

Item 4.    RESERVED

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PART II

Item 5.    MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

        Our common stock is traded publicly on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol "MNTA." The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices of our common stock for the periods indicated, as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market:

Quarter ended
  High   Low  

March 31, 2009

  $ 12.56   $ 6.94  

June 30, 2009

    12.46     8.37  

September 30, 2009

    12.15     9.29  

December 31, 2009

    13.17     8.70  

March 31, 2010

    16.45     12.10  

June 30, 2010

    15.30     10.77  

September 30, 2010

    26.20     11.23  

December 31, 2010

    17.66     13.53  

Holders

        On February 28, 2011, the approximate number of holders of record of our common stock was 49.

Dividends

        We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We anticipate that, in the foreseeable future, we will continue to retain any earnings for use in the operation of our business and will not pay any cash dividends.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

        Information relating to compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance is set forth in Item 12 below.

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Stock Performance Graph

        The comparative stock performance graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return (assuming reinvestment of dividends, if any) from investing $100 on December 31, 2005 through December 31, 2010, in each of (i) our common stock, (ii) The NASDAQ Composite Index and (iii) The NASDAQ Biotechnology Index (capitalization weighted).

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., the NASDAQ Composite Index
and the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index

GRAPHIC

*$100 invested on 12/31/05 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.
Fiscal year ending December 31.

 
  12/31/05   12/31/06   12/31/07   12/31/08   12/31/09   12/31/10  

Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 

  $ 100.00   $ 71.37   $ 32.40   $ 52.63   $ 57.17   $ 67.92  

The NASDAQ Composite Index

  $ 100.00   $ 111.74   $ 124.67   $ 73.77   $ 107.12   $ 125.93  

The NASDAQ Biotechnology Index

  $ 100.00   $ 99.71   $ 103.09   $ 96.34   $ 106.49   $ 114.80  

        The information included under the heading "Stock Performance Graph" in Item 5 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is "furnished" and not "filed" and shall not be deemed to be "soliciting material" or subject to Regulation 14A, shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

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Item 6.    SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

        The selected consolidated financial data set forth below with respect to our statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are derived from our audited financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 are derived from our audited financial statements, which are not included herein. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results. See the notes to the consolidated financial statements for an explanation of the method used to determine the number of shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per common share. The selected consolidated financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with and is qualified in its entirety by our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto found at "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" and "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Selected Financial Data

 
  Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2010   2009   2008   2007   2006  
 
  (In thousands, except per share information)
 

Statements of Operations Data:

                               

Collaboration revenue:

                               
 

Product revenue

  $ 96,625   $   $   $   $  
 

Research and development revenue

    20,147     20,249     14,570     21,561     15,999  
                       

Total collaboration revenue

    116,772     20,249     14,570     21,561     15,999  
                       

Operating expenses:

                               
 

Research and development

    51,712     60,612     55,301     69,899     46,916  
 

General and administrative

    28,595     23,800     24,591     28,219     28,466  
                       

Total operating expenses

    80,307     84,412     79,892     98,118     75,382  
                       

Operating income (loss)

    36,465     (64,163 )   (65,322 )   (76,557 )   (59,383 )

Interest income

    176     825     3,483     8,484     7,974  

Interest expense

    (329 )   (570 )   (798 )   (808 )   (504 )

Other income (expense)

    978     (104 )            
                       

Net income (loss)

  $ 37,290   $ (64,012 ) $ (62,637 ) $ (68,881 ) $ (51,913 )
                       

Net income (loss) per share:

                               

Basic

  $ 0.84   $ (1.60 ) $ (1.74 ) $ (1.93 ) $ (1.62 )
                       

Diluted

  $ 0.81   $ (1.60 ) $ (1.74 ) $ (1.93 ) $ (1.62 )
                       

Shares used in calculating earnings per share:

                               

Basic

    44,626     40,056     35,960     35,639     32,103  
                       

Diluted

    45,942     40,056     35,960     35,639     32,103  
                       

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  As of December 31,  
 
  2010   2009   2008   2007   2006  
 
  (In thousands)
 

Balance Sheet Data:

                               

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 100,681   $ 21,934   $ 55,070   $ 33,038   $ 22,351  

Marketable securities

    52,078     73,716     53,461     102,899     168,914  

Working capital

    185,654     85,753     93,483     125,293     185,299  

Total assets

    227,569     118,451     132,201     168,298     216,385  

Total long-term obligations

    3,814     7,949     13,604     7,971     7,057  

Total liabilities

    21,466     24,289     32,696     40,758     33,794  

Accumulated deficit

    (283,759 )   (321,049 )   (257,037 )   (194,400 )   (125,519 )

Total stockholders' equity

    206,103     94,162     99,505     127,540     182,591  

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Item 7.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

        Our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations includes the identification of certain trends and other statements that may predict or anticipate future business or financial results. There are important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated. See "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


Business Overview

        We are a biotechnology company specializing in the characterization and process engineering of complex molecules. These complex molecules include proteins, polypeptides, and cell surface polysaccharides, like heparan-sulfate proteoglycans, or HSPGs. This results in a diversified product portfolio and pipeline of complex generic, follow-on biologic, and novel drugs derived from our proprietary, innovative technology platform which we leverage to study the structure (thorough characterization of chemical components), structure-process (understand, design and control of manufacturing process), and structure-activity (understand and relate structure to biological and clinical activity) of complex molecule drugs.

        Our complex generics and follow-on biologics activities are focused on building a thorough understanding of the structure-process-activity of complex molecule drugs to develop generic versions of marketed products. While we use a similar analytical and development approach across all of our programs, we tailor that approach for each specific program. Our first objective is to apply our core analytical technology to thoroughly characterize the structure of the marketed product. By defining the chemical composition of multiple batches of the marketed product, we are able to develop an equivalence window which captures the inherent variability of the innovator's manufacturing process. Using this information, we then build an extensive understanding of the structure-process relationship to thoroughly understand, design and control our manufacturing process to reproducibly manufacture an equivalent version of the marketed product. Where necessary or appropriate, and as required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, we will provide regulators with additional supportive structure-activity data (e.g., immunogenicity, pharmacodynamics). Our goal is to obtain FDA approval for and commercialize, either directly or with collaborative partners, complex generic and follow-on biologic products thereby providing high quality, effective, safe and affordable medicines to patients in need.

        Our complex generic programs target marketed products that were originally approved by the FDA as New Drug Applications, or NDAs. Therefore, we were able to access the existing generic regulatory pathway and submit Abbreviated New Drug Applications, or ANDAs, for these products. Enoxaparin sodium injection, formerly known as M-Enoxaparin, received FDA marketing approval in July 2010 as a generic version of Lovenox®, which is used to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, and to support the treatment of acute coronary syndromes, or ACS. Lovenox is a complex mixture of polysaccharide chains derived from naturally sourced heparin. Our second major generic product program, M356, is designed to be a generic version of Copaxone® (glatiramer acetate injection), a drug that is indicated for the reduction of the frequency of relapses in patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, or RRMS. Copaxone consists of a complex mixture of polypeptide chains. With M356, we have extended our core characterization and process engineering capabilities from the characterization of complex polysaccharide mixtures to include the characterization of complex polypeptide mixtures. The ANDA for M356 is currently under FDA review.

        In addition to our two complex generic programs, our follow-on biologics, or FOB, program further extends our proprietary technology platform to include the characterization and engineering of therapeutic protein products. By thoroughly characterizing these molecules, which are derived from natural or cell-based manufacturing processes, we seek to gain a deeper understanding of the

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relationship between the multiple steps involved in their manufacturing processes and the final product compositions. Our goal is to replicate our development approach with enoxaparin sodium injection and M356 to pursue the development and commercialization of follow on, or "biosimilar" (including interchangeable), biologics.

        Our novel drug program leverages our characterization and process engineering capabilities to develop novel drugs by studying the structure-activity of complex mixtures. We are targeting our efforts to understand the relationship between structure and the biological and therapeutic activity of various complex molecule drug candidates. Our goal is to capitalize on the structural diversity and/or the multi-targeting potential of these complex molecules to engineer novel drug candidates that we believe will meet key unmet medical needs in various diseases. While we believe that our capabilities to engineer improved and novel complex molecule drug candidates can be applied across several product categories with significant therapeutic potential, our most advanced efforts have been in the area of HSPGs. Our lead novel HSPG-based drug candidate, adomiparin, has been engineered to possess what we believe will be an improved therapeutic profile compared with other currently marketed anticoagulants to support the treatment of ACS. M402, our second novel HSPG-based drug candidate, is in early development as a potential anti-cancer agent. We also are seeking to discover and develop additional novel HSPG-based drugs, as well as improved and novel protein drug candidates by applying our technology to better understand the function of these complex molecules in biological processes.

        In November 2003, we entered into a collaboration and license agreement, or the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration, with Sandoz N.V. and Sandoz Inc. to jointly develop, manufacture and commercialize enoxaparin sodium injection. Sandoz N.V. later assigned its rights in the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration to Sandoz AG. We refer to Sandoz AG and Sandoz Inc. together as Sandoz.

        In 2006 and 2007, we entered into a series of agreements, including a Stock Purchase Agreement and an Investor Rights Agreement, each with Novartis Pharma AG, and a collaboration and license agreement, or the Definitive Agreement, with Sandoz AG, an affiliate of Novartis Pharma AG. Together, this series of agreements is referred to as the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration. Under the Definitive Agreement, we and Sandoz AG jointly develop, manufacture and commercialize M356. In connection with the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration, we sold 4,708,679 shares of common stock to Novartis Pharma AG at a per share price of $15.93 (the closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market was $13.05 on the date of purchase) for an aggregate purchase price of $75.0 million, resulting in an equity premium of $13.6 million.

        In July 2010, Sandoz began the commercial sale of enoxaparin sodium injection. Under the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration, in the event no third-party competitors are marketing an interchangeable generic version of Lovenox, or Lovenox-Equivalent Product (as defined in the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration), Sandoz will pay us 45% of the contractual profits from the sale of enoxaparin sodium injection. Profits on sales of enoxaparin sodium injection are calculated by deducting from net sales the cost of goods sold and an allowance for selling, general and administrative costs, which is a contractual percentage of net sales. If a third-party competitor begins marketing a Lovenox-Equivalent Product, Sandoz will instead pay us a royalty based on net sales of enoxaparin sodium injection at royalty rates ranging from high single digit to low double digits. If the only Lovenox-Equivalent Product being marketed by a third-party competitor is Lovenox being marketed by Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC, or Sanofi-Aventis, as a generic drug, or licensed by Sanofi-Aventis to another company to be sold as a generic drug, both known as authorized generics, Sandoz will pay us a combination of a royalty payment based on net sales and a share of profits. Certain development and legal expenses may reduce the amount of profit-share, royalty and milestone payments paid to us by Sandoz. Any product liability costs and certain other expenses arising from patent litigation may also reduce the amount of profit-share, royalty and milestone payments paid to us by Sandoz, but only up to 50% of these amounts due to us from Sandoz each quarter. Our contractual share of these development and legal expenses is subject to an annual adjustment in each of the next five years, but the amount of any future payment due to the annual

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adjustment is not expected to be material. Because no third-party competitors marketed a Lovenox-Equivalent Product during the year ended December 31, 2010, we earned $96.6 million, net of $37.2 million of development and legal expenses, in profit-share product revenue from Sandoz. In addition to the profit-share earned, we achieved a regulatory milestone defined in the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration as a result of the FDA's approval of the ANDA and received an additional $5.0 million in research and development revenue from Sandoz.

        The future revenue that we recognize from the sale of enoxaparin sodium injection will depend on, among other things, whether any other generic versions of Lovenox are approved by the FDA, whether the lawsuit filed by Sanofi-Aventis in July 2010 is partially or wholly successful at limiting Sandoz's sales of enoxaparin sodium injection and whether Sandoz is able to continue commercialization of enoxaparin sodium injection.

        As of December 31, 2010, we had an accumulated deficit of $283.8 million. To date, we have devoted substantially all of our capital resource expenditures to the research and development of our product candidates. Prior to the launch of enoxaparin sodium injection, our revenue had been derived from our 2003 Sandoz Collaboration and 2006 Sandoz Collaboration and primarily consisted of amounts earned by us for reimbursement by Sandoz of research and development services and development costs for certain programs. In the second half of 2010, we began to derive revenue from our profit share on the commercial sale of enoxaparin sodium injection. We may still incur annual operating losses over the next several years as we expand our drug commercialization, development and discovery efforts. Additionally, we plan to continue to evaluate possible acquisitions or licensing of rights to additional technologies, products or assets that fit within our growth strategy. Accordingly, we will need to generate significant revenue to maintain profitability.


Financial Operations Overview

Revenue

        We have recognized, in the aggregate, $211.4 million of revenue from our inception through December 31, 2010. This revenue was derived entirely from our 2003 Sandoz Collaboration and 2006 Sandoz Collaboration. We will seek to generate revenue from a combination of research and development payments, profit sharing payments, milestone payments and royalties in connection with our 2003 Sandoz Collaboration and 2006 Sandoz Collaboration and similar future collaborative or strategic relationships. In the near term, our current and future revenues are dependent upon the continued sale of enoxaparin sodium injection. In the longer term, our revenue growth will be dependent upon the successful pursuit of external business development opportunities and clinical development, regulatory approval and launch of new commercial products. We expect that any revenue we generate will fluctuate from quarter to quarter as a result of the amount and timing of profit share and royalty payments we receive and the timing and amount of research and development and other payments received under our collaborative or strategic relationships.

Research and Development

        Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in identifying, developing and testing product candidates. These expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for personnel, license fees, consulting fees, clinical trial costs, contract research and manufacturing costs, and the costs of laboratory equipment and facilities. We expense research and development costs as incurred. Due to the variability in the length of time necessary to develop a product, the uncertainties related to the estimated cost of the projects and ultimate ability to obtain governmental approval for commercialization, accurate and meaningful estimates of the ultimate cost to bring our product candidates to market are not available.

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Commercial and Development Programs

        The following summarizes our primary commercial and development programs:

Enoxaparin Sodium Injection

        Enoxaparin sodium injection, our first product to receive marketing approval under an ANDA, is a generic version of Lovenox, a complex drug consisting of a mixture of polysaccharide chains. Lovenox is a widely-prescribed LMWH used for the prevention and treatment of DVT and to support the treatment of ACS. Lovenox is distributed worldwide by Sanofi-Aventis and is also known outside the United States as Clexane® and Klexane®. Under our 2003 Sandoz Collaboration, we work with Sandoz exclusively to develop, manufacture and commercialize enoxaparin sodium injection in the United States and Sandoz is responsible for funding substantially all of the United States-related enoxaparin sodium injection development, regulatory, legal and commercialization costs.

        Sandoz submitted ANDAs in its name to the FDA for enoxaparin sodium injection in syringe and vial forms, seeking approval to market enoxaparin sodium injection in the United States. The ANDA for the syringe form of enoxaparin sodium injection was approved in July 2010. The FDA is currently reviewing the ANDA for the vial form of enoxaparin sodium injection.

        In July 2010, Sanofi-Aventis filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia against the FDA, Margaret A. Hamburg, Commissioner of Food and Drugs, and Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary of Health and Human Services. The complaint alleged, among other things, that FDA's approval of the ANDA filed by Sandoz for enoxaparin sodium injection was arbitrary and capricious and exceeded FDA's statutory authority by requiring additional data for the purpose of demonstrating the safety or effectiveness of a generic version of Lovenox and departing from its own precedent governing the approval of generic drugs that have not been fully characterized. The lawsuit sought, among other things, a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction directing the FDA to suspend and withdraw its approval of the ANDA filed by Sandoz for enoxaparin sodium injection. In August 2010, the court denied the motion for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction. In December 2010, Sanofi-Aventis filed a motion for summary judgment seeking a reversal of the FDA approval and the defendants have each filed responses opposing the motion and filed cross-motions seeking to affirm the approval of Sandoz's ANDA for enoxaparin sodium injection. We believe that Sanofi-Aventis's claims are without merit and are cooperating with Sandoz to vigorously oppose the lawsuit and uphold the FDA approval.

        In December 2010, we sued Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., or Teva, in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts for infringement of two of our patents. The patents claim methods of producing enoxaparin having specified quality attributes. We will continue to prosecute this case and enforce our patents.

M356

        M356 is designed to be a generic version of Copaxone, a complex drug consisting of a mixture of polypeptide chains. Copaxone is indicated for reduction of the frequency of relapses in patients with RRMS. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration. In North America, Copaxone is marketed by Teva Neuroscience LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. In Europe, Copaxone is marketed by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and Sanofi-Aventis.

        In December 2007, our collaborative partner, Sandoz, submitted to the FDA an ANDA in its name containing a Paragraph IV certification seeking approval to market M356 in the United States. In July 2008, the FDA notified Sandoz that it had accepted the ANDA for review as of December 27, 2007. In addition, the FDA's published database indicates that the first substantially complete ANDA submitted

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for glatiramer acetate injection containing a Paragraph IV certification was filed on December 27, 2007, making Sandoz's ANDA eligible for the grant of a 180-day generic exclusivity period upon approval. Under applicable laws, there are a number of ways an ANDA applicant may forfeit its 180-day exclusivity, including if the applicant fails to achieve at least tentative approval within 30 months after the date on which the ANDA is filed. Because tentative approval for the M356 ANDA was not received in the specified 30 months, the 180-day exclusivity period will be forfeited unless the exception to the forfeiture rule applies. We will not know whether the exception applies unless and until the FDA approves the ANDA.

        The review of Sandoz's ANDA is ongoing. We and Sandoz are in regular communication with the FDA to address any additional questions or requests that it may have as it continues the review of Sandoz's application

Follow-On Biologics (FOBs) Program

        We are also applying our technology platform to the development of FOBs, including both generic (designated by FDA to be interchangeable) and biosimilar versions of marketed therapeutic proteins. Therapeutic proteins represent a sizable segment of the U.S. drug industry, with sales expected to be approximately $57 billion in 2011. Given the inadequacies of standard technology, many of these therapeutic proteins have not been thoroughly characterized. Most of these products are complex glycoprotein mixtures, consisting of proteins that contain branched sugars that vary from molecule to molecule. These sugars can impart specific biological properties to the glycoprotein drug and can often comprise a significant portion of the mass of the molecule. In addition to the structural characterization of several marketed therapeutic proteins, we are also advancing our structure-process capabilities as we further define the relationship between aspects of the manufacturing process and the structural composition of the final protein product. We believe that our investment in our analytics and characterization technology coupled with our investment in the science of better understanding the relationship of the biologic manufacturing process to structural composition provides us with the opportunity develop a competitive advantage for our future FOB product candidates.

        Most protein drugs have been approved by the FDA under the Biologics License Application, or BLA, regulatory pathway. The BLA pathway was created to review and approve applications for biologic drugs that are typically produced from living systems. Until 2010, there was no abbreviated regulatory pathway for the approval of generic or biosimilar versions of BLA-approved products in the United States; however, there have been guidelines for biosimilar products in the European Union for several years.

        In March 2010, with the enactment of the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009, or BPCI, an abbreviated pathway for the approval of FOBs was created. The new abbreviated regulatory pathway establishes legal authority for the FDA to review and approve biosimilar biologics, including the possible designation of a biosimilar as "interchangeable", based on their similarity to existing brand product.

        Under the BPCI, an application for a biosimilar product cannot be approved by the FDA until 12 years after the original brand product was approved under a BLA. There are many biologics at this time for which this 12-year period has expired or is nearing expiration. We believe that scientific progress in the analysis and characterization of complex mixture drugs is likely to play a significant role in FDA's approval of biosimilar (including interchangeable) biologics in the years to come.

        The new law is complex and is only beginning to be interpreted and implemented by the FDA. As a result, its ultimate impact, implementation and meaning will be subject to uncertainty for years to come.

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Adomiparin

        Adomiparin, formerly referred to as M118, is a novel anticoagulant that is a complex drug consisting of a mixture of polysaccharide chains. Adomiparin was rationally designed to capture, in a single therapy, the positive attributes of both unfractionated heparin (reversibility, monitorability and broad inhibition of the coagulation cascade) and LMWH (adequate bioavailability and predictable pharmacokinetics to allow for convenient subcutaneous administration). We believe that adomiparin has the potential to replace these agents and provide a safer, more effective and easier to use baseline anticoagulant therapy for the medical management of patients diagnosed with ACS who may or may not require coronary intervention in order to treat their condition. We believe that the properties of adomiparin observed to date in both preclinical and clinical investigations continue to support the design hypothesis and may provide physicians with a more flexible treatment option than is currently available. ACS includes several diseases ranging from unstable angina, which is characterized by chest pain at rest, to acute myocardial infarction, or heart attack, which is caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery. Currently, a majority of patients are initially medically managed with an anti-clotting agent, such as LMWH or unfractionated heparin, or UFH, in combination with other therapies. Neither LMWH nor UFH were developed specifically for patients with ACS, and both have numerous clinical disadvantages. An increasing proportion of ACS patients are also proceeding to early intervention with procedures such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting, or CABG. Both angioplasty and CABG require anticoagulant therapy to prevent clot formation during and immediately following the procedure. Adomiparin is designed to be a LMWH that could be used in multiple settings, including initial medical management, angioplasty or CABG.

        In July 2006, we filed an Investigational New Drug Application, or IND, with the FDA for our adomiparin intravenous injection product candidate and in October 2006 began Phase 1 clinical trials to evaluate its human safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile. In June 2009, we completed a Phase 2a clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing adomiparin intravenous injection as an anticoagulant in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. This trial, known as EMINENCE (Evaluation of M118 in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention), enrolled approximately 500 patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with one of three doses of intravenous adomiparin or a standard dose of UFH. The primary endpoint of the study was the combined incidence of clinical events defined as the composite of death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stroke (over thirty days); incidence of bleeding and thrombocytopenia (over the first 24 hours); and bailout use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and catheter thrombus (during the procedure). The primary analysis in the study provided evidence of non-inferiority of the combined adomiparin group (combining all three doses) as compared to the UFH group within the parameters of the prospectively defined analysis. The observed incidence of the primary endpoint was lower in all adomiparin treatment groups than in the UFH group; however it should be noted that the study was not designed or powered to detect statistically significant differences between treatments. The incidence of serious and non-serious adverse events was comparable in all treatment groups.

        In March 2007, we submitted an IND for our adomiparin subcutaneous injection product candidate and in May 2007 began Phase 1 clinical trials to evaluate its human safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile. These trials have been completed.

        We believe that the results of clinical trials conducted to date support continuing the evaluation of adomiparin in patients diagnosed with ACS who are medically managed with or without an intervention. We are seeking a collaborative partner to finance and support the further clinical development of adomiparin. We will not start additional clinical trials until we have a partner or funding available, but we remain committed to the product and its continued development.

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M402

        M402 is our next most advanced novel HSPG-based product candidate and is engineered to have potent anti-cancer properties and low anticoagulant activity. HSPGs are complex molecules present in the tumor microenvironment which present growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines necessary for tumor cell growth, migration and survival. M402 is designed to exploit this biology by binding to and down regulating multiple factors involved in disease progression and metastasis. Data from multiple preclinical studies have shown that M402 has the potential to modulate angiogenesis and tumor progression and metastasis through a variety of HSPG-binding proteins.

        A preclinical study, in collaboration with the Cancer Research Institute (Cambridge, UK), demonstrated the efficacy of M402 in a murine pancreatic cancer model. The study showed that M402, in combination with gemcitabine, significantly improved survival and substantially lowered the incidence of metastasis compared to mice treated with gemcitabine alone.

        We currently have plans to advance M402 into human clinical trials in 2011. It is anticipated that M402 will be used in combination with standard-of-care cytotoxic regimens for the treatment of advanced malignancies.

Discovery Program—HSPG's and Proteins

        Our most advanced efforts have been in the area of HSPGs. We believe our analytical tools enable new insights into exploring the biology of many diseases, which will lead to an enhanced understanding of the relative role of different biological targets and related cell-to-cell signaling pathways. With HSPGs, our goal is to leverage the multi-targeting nature of these molecules to develop novel HSPG-based therapeutics each of which we could positively affect multiple pathways in a disease with a single drug. Because of the broad role of HSPGs in biology, we plan to target multiple disease areas with this therapeutic approach. While not yet as advanced as our HSPG program, we also are extending these biological systems insights into the development of improved and more targeted protein therapeutics.

General and Administrative

        General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other related costs for personnel in executive, finance, legal, accounting, investor relations, information technology, business development and human resource functions. Other costs include facility and insurance costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses and professional fees for legal and accounting services and other general expenses.


Results of Operations

Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

Collaboration revenue

        Collaboration revenue for 2010 was $116.8 million, compared with $20.2 million for 2009 and $14.6 million for 2008.

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        Collaboration revenues are summarized as follows:

 
  For Years ended December 31,
(in thousands)
 
 
  2010   2009   2008  

Product revenue

  $ 96,625   $   $  

Milestone revenue

   
5,000
   
   
 

Research and development revenue

   
15,147
   
20,249
   
14,570
 
               
   

Total Research and development revenue

    20,147     20,249     14,570  
 

Total collaboration revenue

 
$

116,772
 
$

20,249
 
$

14,570
 
               

        The increase in collaboration revenue from 2009 to 2010 was due primarily to product revenue we earned from Sandoz representing our profit-share on Sandoz' sales of enoxaparin sodium injection following its commercial launch in July 2010. Due to the FDA's approval of the enoxaparin sodium injection ANDA, Sandoz made a non-refundable milestone payment of $5.0 million to us in 2010. Research and development revenue for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 consists of amounts earned by us under the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration for reimbursement of research and development services and reimbursement of development costs, and amounts earned by us under the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration for amortization of the equity premium, reimbursement of research and development services and reimbursement of development costs. Research and development revenue decreased $5.1 million from 2009 to 2010 due primarily to a decrease in reimbursable expenses associated with the development of enoxaparin sodium injection. Research and development revenue increased $5.7 million from 2008 to 2009 due primarily to a $6.4 million increase in reimbursable process engineering activities associated with our M356 program and a $0.6 million increase in reimbursable expenses associated with our enoxaparin sodium injection program, primarily for development services related to the ANDA review process. These increases were offset by a $1.3 million decrease in reimbursable expenses associated with our M178 program, as planned development activities on the M178 program were completed in 2009.

        Because Sandoz only launched enoxaparin sodium injection in July 2010, there are a number of factors that make it difficult to predict the magnitude of future enoxaparin sodium injection product revenue, including how long we will remain the sole generic competitor to the brand product receiving 45% of the contractual profits compared to receiving a royalty based on net sales of enoxaparin sodium injection, the inventory levels of enoxpaparin sodium injection maintained by wholesalers, distributors and other customers, the frequency of re-orders by existing customers, the change in estimates for product reserves, the pricing of products that compete with enoxaparin sodium injection and other actions taken by our competitors. Accordingly, our enoxaparin sodium injection collaboration revenue in previous quarters may not be indicative of future enoxaparin sodium injection collaboration revenue. As a result of these and other factors, future enoxaparin sodium injection collaboration revenue could decline or could vary significantly from quarter to quarter.

Research and Development Expense

        Research and development expense for 2010 was $51.7 million, compared with $60.6 million in 2009 and $55.3 million in 2008. The decrease of $8.9 million, or 15%, from 2009 to 2010 resulted from decreases of: $5.9 million in process development, manufacturing and third-party research costs in support of our development programs, principally our M356 program; $2.3 million in consultant costs and $1.8 million in clinical development costs both of which were associated with the completion in July 2009 of the Phase 2a clinical trial for our adomiparin program; $1.1 million in laboratory expenses related to our enoxaparin sodium injection program; $0.5 million in depreciation expense and facility

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related expense and $0.3 million in share-based compensation expense. These decreases were offset by increases of $2.5 million in personnel and related costs primarily due to performance payments made in connection with the approval and launch of enoxaparin sodium injection in July 2010 and a $0.5 million credit to research and development expense as a result of a revision to an accrued milestone liability in 2009.

        The increase of research and development expense of $5.3 million, or 10%, from 2008 to 2009 principally resulted from: increases of $4.6 million in manufacturing, process development and third-party research costs primarily in support of our M356 program; $1.3 million in share-based compensation expense; $1.0 million in depreciation and facility related expense; $0.6 million in personnel and related costs; and $0.3 million in consultant costs. These increases were offset by decreases of $1.5 million in clinical development costs associated with the completion in July 2009 of the Phase 2a clinical trial for our adomiparin program; a $0.5 million credit to research and development expense as a result of a revision to an accrued milestone liability; and a decrease of $0.5 million in laboratory supplies.

        The lengthy process of securing FDA approval for new drugs requires the expenditure of substantial resources. Any failure by us to obtain, or any delay in obtaining, regulatory approvals would materially adversely affect our product development efforts and our business overall. Accordingly, we cannot currently estimate with any degree of certainty the amount of time or money that we will be required to expend in the future on our product candidates prior to their regulatory approval, if such approval is ever granted. As a result of these uncertainties surrounding the timing and outcome of any approvals, we are currently unable to estimate when, if ever, our product candidates will generate revenues and cash flows. We expect future research and development expenses to increase in support of our product candidates.

        The following table summarizes the primary components of our research and development expenditures for our principal commercial and development programs for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008, and it shows the total external costs incurred by us for each of our major commercial and development projects. The table excludes costs incurred by our collaborative partner on such major commercial and development projects. We do not maintain or evaluate, and therefore do not allocate, internal research and development costs on a project-by-project basis. Consequently, we do not analyze internal research and development costs by project in managing our research and development activities.

 
  Research and Development Expense (in thousands)    
 
 
  Project Inception to
December 31, 2010
 
Commercial and Development Programs (Status)
  2010   2009   2008  

Enoxaparin sodium injection (ANDA approved July 2010)

  $ 1,793   $ 4,239   $ 3,855   $ 45,895  

M356 (ANDA Filed)

    7,389     10,670     4,401     34,064  

Adomiparin (Phase 2a)

    462     5,641     9,886     35,731  

Other development programs

    4,197     1,969     589        

Discovery programs

    332     455     664        

Research and development internal costs

    37,539     37,638     35,906        
                     

Total research and development expense

  $ 51,712   $ 60,612   $ 55,301        
                     

        The decrease of $2.4 million in external expenditures for enoxaparin sodium injection from 2009 to 2010 was primarily due to decreased manufacturing activity and a shift to commercial activity being contracted directly with Sandoz. The decrease of $3.3 million in M356 external expenditures from 2009 to 2010 was primarily due to the timing of process development activities, manufacturing and third-party research costs. The decrease of $5.2 million in adomiparin external expenditures from 2009 to

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2010 was due to the completion of our Phase 2a clinical trial in June 2009. The increase of $2.2 million in the other development programs from 2009 to 2010 primarily related to an increase in M402 manufacturing, preclinical and toxicology work.

        The increase of $0.4 million in external expenditures for enoxaparin sodium injection from 2008 to 2009 was primarily due to increased development services related to the ANDA review process. The increase in M356 external expenditures of $6.3 million from 2008 to 2009 was due to increased process development, manufacturing costs and third-party research expenses. The decrease of $4.2 million in adomiparin external expenditures from 2008 to 2009 was due to the completion of our Phase 2a clinical trial in June 2009.

        The research and development internal costs consist of compensation and other expense for research and development personnel, supplies and materials, facility costs and depreciation. The increase of $1.7 million from 2008 to 2009 was due to additional research and development headcount and related costs in support of our development programs.

General and Administrative

        General and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $28.6 million, compared to $23.8 million in 2009 and $24.6 million in 2008. General and administrative expense increased by $4.8 million, or 20%, from 2009 to 2010 due to increases of: $1.8 million in royalty and license fees payable to Massachusetts Institute of Technology associated with the launch and sales of enoxaparin sodium injection; $1.5 million in professional and other fees primarily due to a increase in legal and consulting activities; $1.1 million in personnel and related costs primarily due to performance payments made in connection with the approval and launch of enoxaparin sodium injection in July 2010; and a $0.4 increase in share-based compensation expense.

        General and administrative expense decreased by $0.8 million, or 3%, from 2008 to 2009 primarily due to a decrease of $1.1 million in professional fees due to a reduction in legal and consulting activities, offset by an increase of $0.3 million in share-based compensation expense.

        We expect our general and administrative expenses, including internal and external legal and business development costs that support our various product development efforts, to vary from period to period in relation to our commercial and development activities.

Interest Income

        Interest income was $0.2 million, $0.8 million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The decrease of $0.6 million from 2009 to 2010 and the decrease of $2.7 million from 2008 to 2009 were primarily due to lower average investment balances and lower interest rates.

Interest Expense

        Interest expense was $0.3 million, $0.6 million and $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The decrease of $0.3 million from 2009 to 2010 and the decrease of $0.2 million from 2008 to 2009 were primarily due to the completion of repayment schedules on our equipment line of credit during 2010 and 2009.

Other Income (Expense)

        Other income of $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 was due to the receipt of a tax grant related to the approval of our application for the Qualifying Therapeutic Discovery Project program during 2010.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

        We have financed our operations since inception primarily through the sale of equity securities, payments from our 2003 Sandoz Collaboration and 2006 Sandoz Collaboration, including profit-share payments related to product sales of enoxaparin sodium injection, and borrowings from our lines of credit and capital lease obligations. Since our inception, we have received $405.9 million through private and public issuance of equity securities, including the issuance of shares to Novartis Pharma AG in connection with our 2006 Sandoz Collaboration. As of December 31, 2010, we have received a cumulative total of $161.8 million from our 2003 Sandoz Collaboration and 2006 Sandoz Collaboration, $4.0 million from debt financing, $9.2 million from capital lease obligations and $3.2 million from our landlord for leasehold improvements related to our corporate facility and additional funds from interest income. The length of time we remain the sole generic competitor to Lovenox, and therefore continue to receive a profit share compared to a royalty based on net sales of enoxaparin sodium injection, will have a notable impact on our near term cash trend. We expect to finance our current and planned operating requirements principally through our current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. We believe that these funds will be sufficient to meet our operating requirements through at least 2013. However, our forecast of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support our operations is a forward-looking statement that involves risks and uncertainties, and actual results could vary materially. We may, from time to time, seek additional funding through a combination of new collaborative agreements, strategic alliances and additional equity and debt financings or from other sources.

        At December 31, 2010, we had $152.8 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and $54.5 million in accounts receivable. In addition, we also hold $1.8 million in restricted cash which serves as collateral for a letter of credit related to our facility lease. Our funds at December 31, 2010 were primarily invested in senior debt of government-sponsored enterprises and United States money market funds, directly or through managed funds, with remaining maturities of 18 months or less. Our cash is deposited in and invested through highly rated financial institutions in North America. The composition and mix of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities may change frequently as a result of our evaluation of conditions in the financial markets, the maturity of specific investments, and our near term liquidity needs. We do not believe that our cash equivalents and marketable securities were subject to significant risk at December 31, 2010.

        During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, our operating activities used $1.1 million, $55.3 million and $48.4 million, respectively. The use of cash for operating activities generally approximates our net income (loss) adjusted for non-cash items and changes in operating assets and liabilities.

        For the year ended December 31, 2010, our net income adjusted for non-cash items was $53.8 million. For the year ended December 31, 2010, non-cash items include share-based compensation of $10.8 million and depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and intangible assets of $4.7 million. In addition, the net change in our operating assets and liabilities used $54.8 million and resulted from: an increase in accounts receivable of $54.5 million, primarily due to the timing of cash receipts from Sandoz related to our share of Sandoz's profit from sales of enoxaparin sodium injection during the third and fourth quarters of 2010; an increase in unbilled revenue of $0.5 million, resulting from increased manufacturing costs for M356 batches; an increase in accrued expenses of $3.0 million, due to an accrual for royalties payable to MIT based on our share of Sandoz's profit from sales of enoxaparin sodium injection during the third and fourth quarters of 2010 and an increase in the bonus pool for 2010-related performance; and a decrease in deferred revenue of $2.9 million, principally due to the amortization of the $13.6 million equity premium paid by Novartis in connection with the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration.

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        For the year ended December 31, 2009, our net loss adjusted for non-cash items was $48.4 million. In addition, the net change in our operating assets and liabilities used $6.9 million and resulted from: a decrease in accounts receivable of $0.5 million, due to the timing of cash receipts from Sandoz related to reimbursement of research and development services and reimbursement of development costs; an increase in unbilled collaboration revenue of $2.4 million, resulting from increased commercial activities for our M356 program; an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $0.5 million, related to interest accrued on U.S. Treasury and government-sponsored enterprise securities; a decrease in accounts payable of $1.4 million, primarily due to the timing of manufacturing costs for M356 manufacturing batches; a decrease in accrued expenses of $0.6 million, due to a decrease in clinical accruals associated with the completion in June 2009 of our Phase 2a clinical trial for our adomiparin program; a decrease in deferred revenue of $1.5 million, principally due to the amortization of the $13.6 million equity premium paid by Novartis in connection with the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration; and a decrease in other current liabilities of $2.0 million. Of the $2.0 million decrease in other current liabilities, $0.5 million relates to a revision to an accrued milestone liability, $0.5 million was paid in cash and $1.0 million of common stock was issued as consideration for the completion and satisfaction of milestones achieved under our asset purchase agreement with Parivid LLC.

        For the year ended December 31, 2008, our net loss adjusted for non-cash items was $51.2 million. In addition, the net change in our operating assets and liabilities provided $2.7 million and resulted from: a decrease in accounts receivable of $0.3 million, due to the timing of cash receipts from Sandoz related to reimbursement of research and development services and reimbursement of development costs; a decrease in unbilled collaboration revenue of $6.7 million, resulting from decreased manufacturing and research costs for our enoxaparin sodium injection program; a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $0.7 million, related to declining investment balances and lower interest rates; a decrease in accounts payable of $3.6 million, due to the payment of manufacturing and research costs for our enoxaparin sodium injection program; a decrease in deferred revenue of $2.2 million, due primarily to the amortization of the $13.6 million equity premium paid by Novartis in connection with the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration; and an increase in accrued expenses of $0.8 million, due to the timing of vendor payments.

        Net cash provided by investing activities was $19.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. During 2010, we used $90.8 million of cash to purchase marketable securities, and we received $111.5 million from maturities of marketable securities. Net cash used in investing activities was $22.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. During 2009, we used $110.2 million of cash to purchase marketable securities, and we received $89.6 million from maturities of marketable securities. Net cash provided by investing activities was $48.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. During 2008, we used $120.5 million of cash to purchase marketable securities, and we received $172.1 million from sales and maturities of marketable securities. During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we used $1.7 million, $1.7 million and $3.4 million, respectively, to purchase laboratory equipment and leasehold improvements.

        Net cash provided by financing activities was $60.7 million, $44.4 million and $22.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. During 2010, we received net proceeds of $57.1 million from our public offering of common stock and $6.7 million from stock option exercises and purchases of common shares through our employee stock purchase plan. These proceeds were offset by principal payments of $2.3 million on our capital lease agreement obligations and $0.7 million on financed leasehold improvements related to our corporate facility. During 2009, we received net proceeds of $46.8 million from our public offering of common stock and $0.5 million from stock option exercises and purchases of common shares through our employee stock purchase plan. These proceeds were offset by principal payments of $2.2 million on our line of credit and capital lease agreement obligations and $0.7 million on financed leasehold improvements related to our corporate facility. During 2008, we received net proceeds of $24.1 million from our public offering of common stock and

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$1.2 million from stock option exercises and purchases of common shares through our employee stock purchase plan. These proceeds were offset by principal payments of $2.4 million on our line of credit and capital lease agreement obligations and $0.6 million on financed leasehold improvements related to our corporate facility.

        The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commercial commitments at December 31, 2010:

Contractual Obligations (in thousands)
  Total   2011   2012
through
2013
  2014
through
2015
  After
2015
 

License maintenance obligations

  $ 788   $ 158   $ 315   $ 315     *  

Capital lease obligations

    1,817     1,817           $  

Operating lease obligations

    20,108     4,418     9,414     6,276      
                       

Total contractual obligations

  $ 22,713   $ 6,393   $ 9,729   $ 6,591   $  
                       

*
After 2015, the annual obligations, which extend indefinitely, are approximately $0.2 million per year.

Parivid Milestone Payment

        On August 4, 2009, we entered into an Amendment to the Asset Purchase Agreement, or the Purchase Agreement, dated April 20, 2007, with Parivid, LLC, a data integration and analysis services provider, and S. Raguram. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we acquired certain of the assets and assumed certain of the liabilities of Parivid related to the acquired assets in exchange for $2.5 million in cash paid at closing and up to $11.0 million in contingent milestone payments in a combination of cash and/or stock in the manner and on the terms and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

        The contingent milestone payments were structured to include (i) potential payments of no more than $2.0 million in cash if certain milestones were achieved within two years from the date of the Purchase Agreement (the "Initial Milestones") and (ii) the issuance of up to $9.0 million of our common stock to Parivid if certain other milestones are achieved within fifteen years of the date of the Purchase Agreement.

        Pursuant to the Amendment, we agreed to extend the time period for completion of the Initial Milestones to June 30, 2009, specified those Initial Milestones that had been achieved as of June 30, 2009 and, as consideration for the completion and satisfaction of the Initial Milestones that were achieved, agreed to pay Parivid $0.5 million cash and to issue 91,576 shares of our common stock at a value of $10.92 per share. In addition, in September 2009, we made a cash payment of $0.1 million to Parivid, recorded as other expense, representing the difference between the net proceeds from Parivid's sale of the shares issued in satisfaction of the Initial Milestones and the value of such shares as of the date of the Amendment.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

        Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, accrued expenses and share-based payments. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other

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factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

        We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements.

Revenue

        We recognize revenue when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery of product has occurred or services have been rendered; the seller's price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.

        We receive revenue from research and development collaboration agreements. We record revenue on an accrual basis as it is earned and when amounts are considered collectible. Revenue received in advance of performance obligations or in cases where we have a continuing obligation to perform services are deferred and recognized over the performance period. When we are required to defer revenue, the period over which such revenue is recognized is based on estimates by management and may change over the course of the performance period. At the inception of a collaboration agreement, we estimate the term of our performance obligation based on our development plans and our estimate of the regulatory review period. The development plans generally include designing a manufacturing process to make the drug product, scaling up the process, contributing to the preparation of regulatory filings, further scaling up the manufacturing process to commercial scale and related development of intellectual property. Each reporting period we reassess our remaining performance obligations under the applicable collaboration arrangement by considering the time period over which any remaining development and related services to be provided prior to obtaining regulatory approval are expected to be completed. Changes in our estimate could occur due to changes in our development plans or due to changes in regulatory or legal requirements.

Product Revenue

        Profit share and/or royalty revenue is reported as product revenue and is recognized based upon net sales of licensed products in licensed territories as provided by the collaboration agreement in the period the sales occur. These amounts are determined based on amounts provided by the collaboration partner and involve the use of estimates and judgments, such as product sales allowances and accruals related to prompt payment discounts, chargebacks, governmental and other rebates, distributor, wholesaler and group purchasing organizations, or GPO, fees, and product returns, which could be adjusted based on actual results in the future.

Research and Development Revenue

        Revenue from non-refundable, up-front license fees is reported as research and development revenue and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contracted or estimated period of performance, which is typically the development term. Research and development funding is recognized as earned over the period of effort.

        Milestone payments are recognized as research and development revenue upon achievement of the milestone only if (1) the milestone payment is non-refundable, (2) substantive effort is involved in achieving the milestone and (3) the amount of the milestone is reasonable in relation to the effort expended or the risk associated with achievement of the milestone. If any of these conditions are not met, the milestone payment is deferred and recognized as revenue over the estimated remaining period of performance under the contract as we complete our performance obligations.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents

        We consider only those investments which are highly liquid, readily convertible to cash and that mature within three months from date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at fair value, which approximates cost, and were primarily comprised of money market funds at December 31, 2010.

Marketable Securities

        Available-for-sale debt securities are recorded at fair market value. Purchased premiums or discounts on debt securities are amortized to interest income through the stated maturities of the debt securities. We determine the appropriate classification of our investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase and evaluate such designation as of each balance sheet date. Unrealized gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity. If a decline in the fair value is considered other-than-temporary, based on available evidence, the unrealized loss is transferred from other comprehensive income (loss) to the statements of operations. There were no charges taken for other than temporary declines in fair value of marketable securities in 2010, 2009 or 2008. Realized gains and losses are reported in interest income on a specific identification basis. During the year ended December 31, 2008, we recorded realized gains on marketable securities of $47,000. There were no realized gains or losses on marketable securities during the years ended December 31, 2010 or 2009.

Fair Value of other Financial Instruments

        The carrying amounts of our financial instruments that are not stated at fair value, which include accounts receivable, unbilled collaboration revenue and other accrued expenses, approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. The carrying amount of our line of credit and capital lease obligations approximate their fair values due to their variable interest rates.

Intangible Assets

        We have acquired intangible assets that we value and record. We use a discounted cash flow model to value intangible assets at acquisition. The discounted cash flow model requires assumptions about the timing and amount of future cash inflows and outflows, risk and the cost of capital. Each of these factors can significantly affect the value of the intangible asset. We review intangible assets for impairment on a periodic basis using an undiscounted net cash flows approach when impairment indicators arise. If the undiscounted cash flows of an intangible asset are less than the carrying value of an intangible asset, we would write down the intangible asset to the discounted cash flow value. Where we cannot identify cash flows for an individual asset, our review is applied at the lowest group level for which cash flows are identifiable.

Share-based Compensation

        We recognize the fair value of share-based compensation in our statement of operations. Share-based compensation expense primarily relates to stock options, restricted stock and stock issued under our stock option plans and employee stock purchase plan. We recognize share-based compensation expense equal to the fair value of stock options on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Restricted stock awards are recorded as compensation cost, based on the market value on the date of the grant, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We issue new shares to satisfy stock option exercises, the issuance of restricted stock and stock issued under our employee stock purchase plan.

        We estimate the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. Option valuation models require the input of highly subjective

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assumptions, including stock price volatility and expected term of an option. We believe a blended volatility rate based upon historical performance, as well as the implied volatilities of currently traded options, best reflects the expected volatility of our stock going forward. Changes in market price directly affect volatility and could cause share-based compensation expense to vary significantly in future reporting periods.

        The expected term of awards represents the period of time that the awards are expected to be outstanding. We use a blend of our own historical employee exercise and post-vest termination behavior and expected term data from our peer group to arrive at the estimated expected life of an option. We update these assumptions as needed to reflect recent historical data. Additionally, we are required to estimate forfeiture rates to approximate the number of shares that will vest in a period to which the fair value is applied. Estimated forfeitures will be adjusted to actual forfeitures upon the vest date of the cancelled options as a cumulative adjustment on a quarterly basis.

        The value of our restricted stock awards is recognized as compensation cost in our consolidated statements of operations over each award's explicit or implicit service periods. We estimate an award's implicit service period based on our best estimate of the period over which an award's vesting conditions will be achieved. We reevaluate these estimates on a quarterly basis and will recognize any remaining unrecognized compensation as of the date of an estimate revision over the revised remaining implicit service period.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

        Please see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies", for a discussion of new accounting standards. The notes to our consolidated financial statements are contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

        We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. Our current investment policy is to maintain an investment portfolio consisting mainly of U.S. money market, government-secured, and high-grade corporate securities, directly or through managed funds, with maturities of twenty-four months or less. Our cash is deposited in and invested through highly rated financial institutions in North America. Our marketable securities are subject to interest rate risk and will fall in value if market interest rates increase. However, due to the conservative nature of our investments, low prevailing market rates and relatively short effective maturities of debt instruments, interest rate risk is mitigated. If market interest rates were to increase immediately and uniformly by 10% from levels at December 31, 2010, we estimate that the fair value of our investment portfolio would decline by an immaterial amount. We do not own derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Accordingly, we do not believe that there is any material market risk exposure with respect to derivative, foreign currency or other financial instruments that would require disclosure under this item.

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Item 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

        The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

        We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

        We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

        In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

        We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 10, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

                                /s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Boston, Massachusetts
March 10, 2011

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Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

 
  December 31,  
 
  2010   2009  

Assets

             

Current assets:

             

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 100,681   $ 21,934  

Marketable securities

    41,082     73,716  

Accounts receivable

    54,485      

Unbilled revenue

    5,265     4,750  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

    1,793     1,693  
           
 

Total current assets

    203,306     102,093  

Marketable securities

    10,996      

Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation

    9,003     11,795  

Intangible assets, net

    2,486     2,785  

Restricted cash

    1,778     1,778  
           
 

Total assets

  $ 227,569   $ 118,451  
           

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

             

Current liabilities:

             

Accounts payable

  $ 4,394   $ 4,225  

Accrued expenses

    9,098     6,114  

Deferred revenue

    2,150     2,850  

Capital lease obligations

    1,729     2,344  

Lease financing liability

    258     737  

Deferred rent

    23     70  
           
 

Total current liabilities

    17,652     16,340  

Deferred revenue, net of current portion

    3,763     5,913  

Capital lease obligations, net of current portion

        1,729  

Lease financing liability, net of current portion

        258  

Other long term liabilities

    51     49  
           
 

Total liabilities

    21,466     24,289  

Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)

             

Stockholders' Equity:

             

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 5,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2010 and 2009, 100 shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value designated and no shares issued and outstanding

         

Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2010 and 2009, 49,747 and 44,627 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively

    5     4  

Additional paid-in capital

    489,873     415,214  

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

    (16 )   (7 )

Accumulated deficit

    (283,759 )   (321,049 )
           
 

Total stockholders' equity

    206,103     94,162  
           
 

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

  $ 227,569   $ 118,451  
           

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

 
  Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2010   2009   2008  

Collaboration revenue:

                   
 

Product revenue

  $ 96,625   $   $  
 

Research and development revenue

    20,147     20,249     14,570  
               
   

Total collaboration revenue

    116,772     20,249     14,570  

Operating expenses:

                   
 

Research and development*

    51,712     60,612     55,301  
 

General and administrative*

    28,595     23,800     24,591  
               
   

Total operating expenses

    80,307     84,412     79,892  
               

Operating income (loss)

    36,465     (64,163 )   (65,322 )

Other income (expense):

                   
 

Interest income

    176     825     3,483  
 

Interest expense

    (329 )   (570 )   (798 )
 

Other income (expense)

    978     (104 )    
               
   

Total other income

    825     151     2,685  

Net income (loss)

  $ 37,290   $ (64,012 ) $ (62,637 )
               

Net income (loss) per share:

                   
 

Basic

  $ 0.84   $ (1.60 ) $ (1.74 )
               
 

Diluted

  $ 0.81   $ (1.60 ) $ (1.74 )
               

Weighted average shares outstanding:

                   
 

Basic

    44,626     40,056     35,960  
               
 

Diluted

    45,942     40,056     35,960  
               

* Includes the following share-based compensation expense:

                   
 

Research and development

  $ 4,085   $ 4,377   $ 3,124  
 

General and administrative

  $ 6,755   $ 6,378   $ 6,090  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity And Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In thousands)

 
    
Common Stock
  Additional
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive

   
  Total
 
 
  Shares   Par
Value
  Paid-In
Capital
  Income
(Loss)
  Accumulated
Deficit
  Stockholders'
Equity
 

Balances at December 31, 2007

    36,489   $ 4   $ 321,604   $ 332   $ (194,400 ) $ 127,540  

Issuance of common stock in public offering

    2,800         24,140             24,140  

Issuance of common stock pursuant to the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan

    193           1,166               1,166  

Issuance of restricted stock

    252                      

Cancellation of restricted stock

    (43 )                    

Share-based compensation expense for employees

            9,214             9,214  

Unrealized gain on marketable securities

                82         82  

Net loss

                    (62,637 )   (62,637 )
                                     

Comprehensive loss

                        (62,555 )
                           

Balances at December 31, 2008

    39,691   $ 4   $ 356,124   $ 414   $ (257,037 ) $ 99,505  

Issuance of common stock in public offering

    4,600         46,766             46,766  

Issuance of common stock to Parivid

    91         1,000             1,000  

Issuance of common stock pursuant to the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan

    76         569             569  

Issuance of restricted stock

    169                      

Share-based compensation expense for employees

            10,658             10,658  

Share-based compensation expense for non-employee

            97             97  

Unrealized loss on marketable securities

                (421 )       (421 )

Net loss

                    (64,012 )   (64,012 )
                                     

Comprehensive loss

                        (64,433 )
                           

Balances at December 31, 2009

    44,627   $ 4   $ 415,214   $ (7 ) $ (321,049 ) $ 94,162  

Issuance of common stock in public offering

    4,218     1     57,084             57,085  

Issuance of common stock pursuant to the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan

    794         6,735             6,735  

Issuance of restricted stock

    147                      

Cancellation of restricted stock

    (39 )                    

Share-based compensation expense for employees

            10,361             10,361  

Share-based compensation expense for non-employees

            479             479  

Unrealized loss on marketable securities

                (9 )       (9 )

Net income

                    37,290     37,290  
                                     

Comprehensive income

                        37,281  
                           

Balances at December 31, 2010

    49,747   $ 5   $ 489,873   $ (16 ) $ (283,759 ) $ 206,103  
                           

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

 
  Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2010   2009   2008  

Cash Flows from Operating activities:

                   

Net income (loss)

  $ 37,290   $ (64,012 ) $ (62,637 )

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:

                   
 

Depreciation and amortization

    4,361     4,470     3,975  
 

Share-based compensation expense

    10,840     10,755     9,214  
 

Amortization of premium (accretion of discount) on investments

    893     (57 )   (2,047 )
 

Amortization of intangibles

    299     326     384  
 

Loss on disposal of assets

    102     114     7  
 

Realized gain on sales of marketable securities

            (47 )
 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

                   
   

Accounts receivable

    (54,485 )   455     292  
   

Unbilled revenue

    (515 )   (2,378 )   6,665  
   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

    (100 )   (476 )   767  
   

Other assets

        12     12  
   

Accounts payable

    169     (1,353 )   (3,554 )
   

Accrued expenses

    2,984     (630 )   771  
   

Deferred rent

    (70 )   (70 )   (70 )
   

Deferred revenue

    (2,850 )   (1,450 )   (2,179 )
   

Other current liabilities

        (1,000 )    
   

Other long term liabilities

    25         26  
               

Net cash used in operating activities

    (1,057 )   (55,294 )   (48,421 )
               

Cash Flows from Investing activities:

                   

Purchases of property and equipment

    (1,671 )   (1,654 )   (3,411 )

Sales of marketable securities

            8,341  

Purchases of marketable securities

    (90,765 )   (110,194 )   (120,527 )

Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities

    111,501     89,575     163,800  
               

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

    19,065     (22,273 )   48,203  
               

Cash Flows from Financing activities:

                   

Proceeds from public offering of common stock, net of issuance costs

    57,085     46,766     24,140  

Proceeds from issuance of common stock under stock plans

    6,735     569     1,166  

Payments on financed leasehold improvements

    (737 )   (687 )   (639 )

Principal payments on capital lease obligations

    (2,344 )   (2,200 )   (1,696 )

Principal payments on line of credit

        (17 )   (721 )
               

Net cash provided by financing activities

    60,739     44,431     22,250  
               

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

    78,747     (33,136 )   22,032  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

    21,934     55,070     33,038  
               

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

  $ 100,681   $ 21,934   $ 55,070  
               

Supplemental Cash Flow Information:

                   

Cash paid for interest

  $ 329   $ 570   $ 798  
               

Supplemental Non-Cash Information:

                   

Issuance of common stock for payment of Parivid milestone

  $   $ 1,000   $  
               

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2010

1. The Company

Business

        Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the "Company" or "Momenta") was incorporated in the state of Delaware in May 2001 and began operations in early 2002. Its facilities are located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Momenta is a biotechnology company specializing in the detailed structural analysis of complex mixture drugs, applying its technology to the development of generic or follow-on versions of complex drug products as well as to the discovery and development of complex novel drugs. The Company presently derives all of its revenue from one collaborative partner. Collaborative revenue includes product revenue related to sales of enoxaparin sodium injection and reimbursement of research and development expenses.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

        The Company's consolidated financial statements include the Company's accounts and the accounts of the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Momenta Pharmaceuticals Securities Corporation. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

        The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, in the United States requires management to make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, accrued expenses, and share-based payments. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue Recognition

        The Company receives revenue from collaboration agreements. Under the terms of collaboration agreements entered into by the Company, the Company may receive non-refundable, up-front license fees, funding or reimbursement of research and development efforts, milestone payments if specified objectives are achieved and/or profit-sharing or royalties on product sales. Agreements containing multiple elements are divided into separate units of accounting if certain criteria are met, including whether the delivered element has stand-alone value to the collaborative partner and whether there is objective and reliable evidence of fair value of the undelivered obligation(s). The consideration received is then allocated among the separate units based on either their respective fair values or the residual method, and the applicable revenue recognition criteria are applied to each of the separate units.

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Product Revenue

        Profit share and/or royalty revenue is reported as product revenue and is recognized based upon net sales of licensed products in licensed territories as provided by the collaboration agreement in the period the sales occur. These amounts are determined based on amounts provided by the collaboration partner and involve the use of estimates and judgments, such as product sales allowances and accruals related to prompt payment discounts, chargebacks, governmental and other rebates, distributor, wholesaler and group purchasing organizations, or GPO, fees, and product returns, which could be adjusted based on actual results in the future.

Research and Development Revenue

        Revenue from non-refundable, up-front license fees is reported as research and development revenue and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contracted or estimated period of performance, which is typically the development term. Research and development funding is recognized as earned over the period of effort.

        Milestone payments are recognized as research and development revenue upon achievement of the milestone only if (1) the milestone payment is non-refundable, (2) substantive effort is involved in achieving the milestone and (3) the amount of the milestone is reasonable in relation to the effort expended or the risk associated with achievement of the milestone. If any of these conditions are not met, the milestone payment is deferred and recognized as revenue over the estimated remaining period of performance under the contract as the Company completes its performance obligations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

        The Company considers only those investments which are highly liquid, readily convertible to cash and that mature within three months from date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at fair value, which approximates cost and were primarily comprised of money market funds at December 31, 2010.

Fair Value Measurements

        The Company has certain financial assets recorded at fair value which have been classified as Level 1 or 2 within the fair value hierarchy as described in the accounting standards for fair value measurements. The categorization of financial assets and financial liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the measurement of fair value. The three levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows:

    Level 1—Fair values are determined utilizing quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

    Level 2—Fair values are determined by utilizing quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in active markets or other market observable inputs such as interest rates and yield curves; and

    Level 3—Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

        The carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated balance sheets for cash, accounts receivable, unbilled revenue, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities. The carrying amounts of the capital lease obligations approximate their fair values due to their variable interest rates.

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Concentration of Credit Risks

        The Company's primary exposure to credit risk derives from its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.

        The Company invests its cash in bank deposits, money market accounts, corporate debt securities, commercial paper and United States government-sponsored enterprise securities in accordance with its investment policy. The Company has established guidelines relating to diversification and maturities that allow the Company to manage risk.

Marketable Securities

        Available-for-sale debt securities are recorded at fair market value. Purchased premiums or discounts on debt securities are amortized to interest income through the stated maturities of the debt securities. The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase and evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. Unrealized gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity unless the security has experienced a credit loss, the Company intends to sell the security or the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that it will have to sell the security before its expected recovery. Realized gains and losses are reported in interest income on a specific identification basis. There were no charges taken for other-than-temporary declines in fair value of marketable debt securities in 2010, 2009 or 2008. During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recorded realized gains on marketable debt securities of $47,000. There were no realized gains or losses on marketable securities during the years ended December 31, 2010 or 2009.

Accounts Receivable and Unbilled Revenue

        Accounts receivable represents amounts due to the Company at December 31, 2010 from one collaborative partner related to sales of enoxaparin sodium injection and reimbursement of research and development expenses. Unbilled revenue represents amounts owed at December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 from one collaborative partner for reimbursement of research and development expenses. The Company has not recorded any allowance for uncollectible accounts or bad debt write-offs and it monitors its receivables to facilitate timely payment.

Property and Equipment

        Property and equipment are stated at cost. Costs of major additions and betterments are capitalized; maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the life of the respective assets are charged to expense. Upon disposal, the related cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization is removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the consolidated statements of operations. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from three to seven years. Leased assets meeting certain capital lease criteria are capitalized and the present value of the related lease payments is recorded as a liability. Assets under capital lease arrangements are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the assets or related lease terms, whichever is shorter.

Long-Lived Assets

        The Company evaluates the recoverability of its property, equipment and intangible assets when circumstances indicate that an event of impairment may have occurred. The Company recognizes an impairment loss only if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable based on its undiscounted future cash flows. Impairment is evaluated based on the difference between the carrying

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value of the related assets or businesses and the undiscounted future cash flows of such assets or businesses. No impairment charges have been recognized through December 31, 2010.

Research and Development

        Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs include salaries and related expenses for personnel, license fees, consulting fees, nonclinical and clinical trial costs, contract research and manufacturing costs, and the costs of laboratory equipment and facilities.

        Non-refundable advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. The capitalized amounts are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are received.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

        The Company recognizes the fair value of share-based compensation in its consolidated statements of operations. Share-based compensation expense primarily relates to stock options, restricted stock and stock issued under the Company's stock option plans and employee stock purchase plan. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense equal to the fair value of stock options on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Restricted stock awards are recorded as compensation cost, based on the market value on the date of the grant, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company issues new shares upon stock option exercises, upon the grant of restricted stock awards and under the Company's employee stock purchase plan.

        The Company estimates the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The Company considers, among other factors, the implied volatilities of its own currently traded options to provide an estimate of volatility based upon current trading activity. The Company concluded that a blended volatility rate based upon its own historical performance, as well as the implied volatilities of its own currently traded options, appropriately reflects the expected volatility of its stock going forward. The Company uses a blend of its own historical data and peer data to estimate option exercise and employee termination behavior, adjusted for known trends, to arrive at the estimated expected life of an option.

        For purposes of identifying peer entities, the Company considers characteristics such as industry, stage of life cycle and financial leverage. The Company updates these assumptions as needed to reflect recent historical data. The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the United States Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

        The Company applies an estimated forfeiture rate to current period expense to recognize share-based compensation expense only for those awards expected to vest. The Company estimates forfeitures based upon historical data, adjusted for known trends, and will adjust its estimate of forfeitures if actual forfeitures differ, or are expected to differ from such estimates. Subsequent changes in estimated forfeitures will be recognized through a cumulative adjustment in the period of change and will also impact the amount of share-based compensation expense in future periods.

        Unvested stock options held by consultants are revalued using the Company's estimate of fair value at each balance sheet date.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

        The Company computes basic net income (loss) per share by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares and potential common shares from outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock determined by

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applying the treasury stock method. For the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, the effect of all potentially dilutive securities is anti-dilutive as the Company had a net loss for those periods. Accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per share is the same for those periods.

Income Taxes

        The Company determines its deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be recovered.

        The Company applies judgment in the determination of the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company recognizes any material interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

        The Company files income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction and multiple state jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to any tax assessment from an income tax examination for years before 2004, except to the extent that in the future it utilizes net operating losses or tax credit carryforwards that originated before 2004. The Company currently is not under examination by the Internal Revenue Service or other jurisdictions for any tax years.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

        Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 consists entirely of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities. Comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $37.3 million, $(64.4) million and $(62.6) million, respectively.

Segment Reporting

        Operating segments are determined based on the way management organizes its business for making operating decisions and assessing performance. The Company has only one operating segment, the discovery, development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products. All of the Company's revenues through December 31, 2010 have come from one collaborative partner and are based solely on activities in the United States.

Subsequent Events

        The Company evaluated events and transactions after the date of the balance sheet but prior to the issuance of the financial statements for potential recognition or disclosure in its financial statements. The Company did not identify any material subsequent events requiring adjustment (recognized subsequent events) or disclosure (unrecognized subsequent events).

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

        In October 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2009-13, Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements (Topic 605) , or ASU 2009-13. ASU 2009-13 amends existing revenue recognition accounting pronouncements that are currently within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification Subtopic 605-25. The consensus in ASU 2009-13 provides accounting principles and application guidance on whether multiple deliverables exist, how the arrangement should be separated, and the consideration allocated. This guidance eliminates the requirement to establish the fair value of undelivered products and services and instead provides for separate revenue recognition based upon management's estimate of the selling price for an

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undelivered item when there is no other means to determine the fair value of that undelivered item. The present standard requires that the fair value of the undelivered item be either the price of the item sold in a separate transaction between unrelated third parties or the price charged for each item when the item is sold separately by the vendor. This was difficult to determine when the product was not individually sold because of its unique features. In addition, if the fair value of all of the elements in the arrangement was not determinable, then revenue was deferred until all of the items were delivered or fair value was determined. This new approach is effective prospectively for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified in fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010 and may be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. The Company does not believe this standard will have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

        In April 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-17, Revenue Recognition—Milestone Method, or ASU 2010-17. ASU 2010-17 provides guidance in applying the milestone method of revenue recognition to research or development arrangements. Under this guidance, management may recognize revenue contingent upon the achievement of a milestone in its entirety in the period in which the milestone is achieved only if the milestone meets all the criteria within the guidance to be considered substantive. ASU 2010-17 is effective on a prospective basis for research and development milestones achieved in fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010. Early adoption is permitted; however, adoption of this guidance as of a date other than January 1, 2011 will require the Company to apply this guidance retrospectively effective as of January 1, 2010 and will require disclosure of the effect of this guidance as applied to all previously reported interim periods in the fiscal year of adoption. As the Company plans to implement ASU 2010-17 prospectively, the effect of this guidance will be limited to future transactions. The Company does not expect adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

3. Fair Value Measurements

        The tables below present information about the Company's assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques the Company utilized to determine such fair value, which is described further within Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

        The Company's financial assets have been initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently valued, at the end of each reporting period, typically utilizing third party pricing services or other market observable data. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income and market based approaches and observable market inputs to determine value. These observable market inputs include reportable trades, benchmark yields, credit spreads, broker/dealer quotes, bids, offers, current spot rates and other industry and economic events. The Company validates the prices provided by its third party pricing services by reviewing their pricing methods and matrices, obtaining market values from other pricing sources, analyzing pricing data in certain instances and confirming that the relevant markets are active. The Company did not adjust or override any fair value measurements provided by its pricing services as of December 31, 2010 and 2009.

        There have been no transfers of assets between the fair value measurement classifications.

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        The following tables set forth the Company's financial assets that were recorded at fair value (in thousands):

Description
  December 31,
2010
  Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
(Level 1)
  Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Other
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 

Assets:

                         

Cash equivalents

  $ 99,911   $ 99,911   $   $  

Marketable securities:

                         
 

Corporate debt securities

    3,521     3,521          
 

U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise obligations

    48,557         48,557      
                   

Total

  $ 151,989   $ 103,432   $ 48,557   $  
                   

 

Description
  December 31,
2009
  Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
(Level 1)
  Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant Other
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 

Assets:

                         

Cash equivalents

  $ 20,201   $ 19,700   $ 501   $  

Marketable securities:

                         
 

U.S. Treasury obligations

    15,181     15,181          
 

U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise obligations

    58,535         58,535      
                   

Total

  $ 93,917   $ 34,881   $ 59,036   $  
                   

        The Company did not have any non-recurring fair value measurements on any assets or liabilities at December 31, 2010 or 2009. The corporate debt securities as of December 31, 2010 are Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) guaranteed senior notes issued by financial institutions under the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Programs.

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4. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

        The following table summarizes the Company's cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):

December 31, 2010
  Amortized
Cost
  Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Fair Value  

Cash and money market funds

  $ 100,681   $   $   $ 100,681  

Corporate debt securities due in one year or less

    3,524         (3 )   3,521  

U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise obligations

                         
 

Due in one year or less

    37,574     2     (15 )   37,561  
 

Due in two years or less

    10,996     3     (3 )   10,996  
                   

Total

  $ 152,775   $ 5   $ (21 ) $ 152,759  
                   

Reported as:

                         
 

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 100,681   $   $   $ 100,681  
 

Marketable securities

    52,094     5     (21 )   52,078  
                   

Total

  $ 152,775   $ 5   $ (21 ) $ 152,759  
                   

 

December 31, 2009
  Amortized
Cost
  Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Fair Value  

Cash and money market funds

  $ 21,433   $   $   $ 21,433  

U.S. Treasury obligations due in one year or less

    15,184     1     (4 )   15,181  

U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise obligations due in one year or less

    59,040     11     (15 )   59,036  
                   

Total

  $ 95,657   $ 12   $ (19 ) $ 95,650  
                   

Reported as:

                         
 

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 21,934   $   $   $ 21,934  
 

Marketable securities

    73,723     12     (19 )   73,716  
                   

Total

  $ 95,657   $ 12   $ (19 ) $ 95,650  
                   

        At December 31, 2010, the Company held 13 marketable securities that were in an unrealized loss position for less than one year. At December 31, 2009, the Company held 18 marketable securities that were in an unrealized loss position for less than one year. The unrealized losses were caused by fluctuations in interest rates. The following table summarizes the aggregate fair value of these securities at December 31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):

 
  December 31,  
 
  2010   2009  
 
  Aggregate
Fair Value
  Unrealized
Losses
  Aggregate
Fair Value
  Unrealized
Losses
 

Corporate debt securities

                         
 

Current

  $ 3,521   $ (3 ) $   $  

U.S. Treasury obligations

                         
 

Current

  $   $   $ 9,122   $ (4 )

U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise obligations

                         
 

Current

  $ 29,319   $ (15 ) $ 22,857   $ (15 )
 

Non-current

  $ 7,997   $ (3 ) $   $  

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        To determine whether an other-than-temporary impairment exists, the Company considers whether it intends to sell the debt security and, if it does not intend to sell the debt security, it considers available evidence to assess whether it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. The Company reviewed its investments with unrealized losses and concluded that no other-than-temporary impairment existed at December 31, 2010 as it has the ability and intent to hold these investments to maturity and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis.

5. Property and Equipment

        At December 31, 2010 and 2009, property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):

 
  December 31,    
 
  2010   2009   Depreciable Lives

Computer equipment

  $ 638   $ 409   3 years

Software

    3,280     2,866   3 years

Office furniture and equipment

    1,255     1,249   5 to 6 years

Laboratory equipment

    12,711     8,160   7 years

Leasehold improvements

    4,846     4,747   Shorter of asset life or lease term

Equipment purchased under capital lease obligations

    4,491     8,405   3 to 7 years

Less: accumulated depreciation

    (18,218 )   (14,041 )  
             

  $ 9,003   $ 11,795    
             

        Depreciation and amortization expense, including amortization of assets recorded under capital leases, amounted to $4.4 million, $4.5 million and $4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

6. Intangible Assets

        At December 31, 2010 and 2009, intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, are as follows (in thousands):

 
   
  December 31, 2010   December 31, 2009  
 
  Estimated
Life
  Gross Carrying
Amount
  Accumulated
Amortization
  Gross Carrying
Amount
  Accumulated
Amortization
 

Core technology

  12 years   $ 3,593   $ (1,107 ) $ 3,593   $ (808 )

Non-compete agreement

  2 years     170     (170 )   170     (170 )
                       
 

Total intangible assets

      $ 3,763   $ (1,277 ) $ 3,763   $ (978 )
                       

        Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the useful lives of the respective intangible assets. Amortization expense was $0.3 million, $0.3 million and $0.4 million during years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

        The Company expects to incur amortization expense of appropriately $0.3 million per year for each of the next five years.

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7. Restricted Cash

        Restricted cash consists of $1.8 million designated as collateral for a letter of credit related to the lease of office and laboratory space located at 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts. This balance will remain restricted during the initial 80-month lease term and the 48-month extension term and the Company will continue to earn interest on the balance.

8. Accrued Expenses

        At December 31, 2010 and 2009, accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

 
  2010   2009  

Accrued compensation

  $ 4,387   $ 3,307  

Accrued contracted research costs

    2,508     1,872  

Accrued royalties

    1,437      

Accrued professional fees

    561     570  

Other

    205     365  
           

  $ 9,098   $ 6,114  
           

9. Collaborations and License Agreements

2003 Sandoz Collaboration

        In November 2003, the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement (the "2003 Sandoz Collaboration") with Sandoz N.V. and Sandoz Inc. to jointly develop and commercialize enoxaparin sodium injection, formerly known as M-Enoxaparin, a generic version of Lovenox®, a low molecular weight heparin or LMWH. Sandoz N.V. later assigned its rights and obligations under the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration to Sandoz AG. Sandoz AG and Sandoz Inc. are collectively referred to as "Sandoz." Under the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration, the Company granted Sandoz the exclusive right to manufacture, distribute and sell enoxaparin sodium injection in the United States. The Company agreed to provide development and related services on a commercially reasonable basis, which includes developing a manufacturing process to make enoxaparin sodium injection, scaling up the process, contributing to the preparation of an Abbreviated New Drug Application, or ANDA, in Sandoz's name to be filed with the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, further scaling up the manufacturing process to commercial scale, and related development of intellectual property. The Company has the right to participate in a joint steering committee which is responsible for overseeing development, legal and commercial activities and approves the annual collaboration plan. Sandoz is responsible for commercialization activities and will exclusively distribute and market the product.

        As compensation under the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration, the Company received a $0.6 million non-refundable up-front payment as reimbursement for certain specified vendor costs that were incurred prior to the effective date of the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration. The Company recognized the $0.6 million non-refundable up-front payment as revenue on a straight-line basis over the enoxaparin sodium injection development period. The Company recognized revenue relating to this up-front payment of approximately $25,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008. The deferral period for the up-front payment was completed during 2008.

        The Company is paid at cost for external costs incurred for development and related activities and is paid for full time equivalents, or FTEs, performing development and related services. In addition, in the event no third-party competitors are marketing an interchangeable generic version of Lovenox, or Lovenox-Equivalent Product (as defined in the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration), Sandoz will pay the Company 45% of the contractual profits from the sale of enoxaparin sodium injection. If a third-party competitor begins marketing a Lovenox-Equivalent Product, Sandoz will instead pay the Company a

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royalty based on net sales of enoxaparin sodium injection. If the only Lovenox-Equivalent Product being marketed by a third-party competitor is Lovenox being marketed by Sanofi-Aventis as a generic drug or licensed by Sanofi-Aventis to another company to be sold as a generic drug, both known as authorized generics, Sandoz will pay the Company a combination of a royalty payment based on net sales and a share of profits. If certain milestones are achieved with respect to enoxaparin sodium injection under certain circumstances, Sandoz will make payments to the Company which would reach $55 million if all such milestones are achieved, $5.0 million of this was paid in 2010.

        A portion of the development expenses and certain legal expenses, which in the aggregate have exceeded a specified amount, are offset against profit-sharing amounts, royalties and milestone payments. Sandoz also may offset a portion of any product liability costs and certain other expenses arising from patent litigation against any profit-sharing amounts, royalties and milestone payments.

Collaboration Revenue

        On July 23, 2010, the FDA granted marketing approval of the ANDA for enoxaparin sodium injection filed by Sandoz. As a result of the FDA's approval, the Company achieved a regulatory milestone defined in the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration and recorded $5.0 million in research and development revenue from Sandoz in the year ended December 31, 2010. Because no third-party competitors marketed a Lovenox-Equivalent Product during the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company earned $96.6 million, net of $37.2 million of development and legal expenses, in profit-share product revenue from Sandoz.

        The Company recognizes research and development revenue from FTE services and research and development revenue from external development costs upon completion of the performance requirements (i.e., as the services are performed and the reimbursable costs are incurred). Revenue from external development costs is recorded on a gross basis as the Company contracts directly with, manages the work of and is responsible for payments to third-party vendors for such development and related services, except with respect to any amounts due Sandoz for manufacturing raw material purchases, which are recorded on a net basis as an offset to the related development expense. There have been no such manufacturing raw material purchases since 2006.

2006 Sandoz Collaboration

        In July 2006, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement and an Investor Rights Agreement with Novartis Pharma AG, and in June 2007, the Company and Sandoz AG executed a definitive collaboration and license agreement (as amended, the "Definitive Agreement"). Together, this series of agreements is referred to as the "2006 Sandoz Collaboration."

        Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company sold 4,708,679 shares of common stock to Novartis Pharma AG at a per share price of $15.93 (the closing price of the Company's common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market was $13.05 on the date of the Stock Purchase Agreement) for an aggregate purchase price of $75.0 million, resulting in a paid premium of $13.6 million. The Company recognizes revenue from the $13.6 million paid premium on a straight-line basis over the estimated development period of approximately six years beginning in June 2007. The Company recognized research and development revenue relating to this paid premium of approximately $2.2 million in each of the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008. Under the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration, the Company and Sandoz AG expanded the geographic markets for enoxaparin sodium injection covered by the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration to include the European Union and further agreed to exclusively collaborate on the development and commercialization of three other follow-on and complex generic products for sale in specified regions of the world. In December 2008, the Company and Sandoz AG terminated the collaborative program with regard to one of the follow-on products, M249, primarily due to the commercial prospects for M249. In December 2009, the Company and

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Sandoz AG terminated the collaborative program with regard to the other follow-on product, M178. Each party has granted the other an exclusive license under its intellectual property rights to develop and commercialize such products for all medical indications in the relevant regions. For the remaining products under the collaboration, the Company has agreed to provide development and related services on a commercially reasonable basis, which includes developing a manufacturing process to make the products, scaling up the process, contributing to the preparation of regulatory filings, further scaling up the manufacturing process to commercial scale, and related development of intellectual property. The Company has the right to participate in a joint steering committee, which is responsible for overseeing development, legal and commercial activities and approves the annual collaboration plan. Sandoz AG is responsible for commercialization activities and will exclusively distribute and market the products.

        The term of the Definitive Agreement extends throughout the development and commercialization of the products until the last sale of the products, unless earlier terminated by either party pursuant to the provisions of the Definitive Agreement. Sandoz AG has agreed to indemnify the Company for various claims, and a certain portion of such costs may be offset against certain future payments received by the Company.

        Costs, including development costs and the cost of clinical studies, will be borne by the parties in varying proportions, depending on the type of expense and the related product. All commercialization responsibilities and costs will be borne by Sandoz AG. Under the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration, the Company is paid at cost for any external costs incurred in the development of products where development activities are funded solely by Sandoz AG, or partly in proportion where development costs are shared between the Company and Sandoz AG. The Company also is paid for FTEs performing development services where development activities are funded solely by Sandoz AG, or partly by proportion where development costs are shared between the Company and Sandoz AG. The parties will share profits in varying proportions, depending on the product. The Company is eligible to receive up to $163.0 million in milestone payments if all milestones are achieved for the products remaining under collaboration. None of these payments, once received, is refundable and there are no general rights of return in the arrangement.

        The Company recognizes research and development revenue from FTE services and research and development revenue from external development costs upon completion of the performance requirements (i.e., as the services are performed and the reimbursable costs are incurred). Revenue from external development costs are recorded on a gross basis as the Company contracts directly with, manages the work of and is responsible for payments to third party vendors for such development and related services, except with respect to any amounts due Sandoz for shared development costs, which are recorded on a net basis.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

        The Company has two patent license agreements with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ("M.I.T.") that grant the Company various exclusive and nonexclusive worldwide licenses, with the right to grant sublicenses, under certain patents and patent applications relating to methods and technologies for analyzing and characterizing sugars and certain heparins, heparinases and other enzymes and synthesis methods. Subject to typical retained rights of M.I.T. and the United States government, the Company was granted exclusive rights under certain of these patents and applications in certain fields.

        In exchange for these rights, the Company paid M.I.T. a license issue fee, and pays annual license maintenance fees. The Company, upon commercialization, is also required to pay M.I.T. royalties on products and services covered by the licenses and sold by the Company or its affiliates or sublicensees, a percentage of certain other income received by the Company from corporate partners and sublicensees, and certain patent prosecution and maintenance costs. M.I.T. and certain contributing individuals were also issued shares of the Company's common stock. The Company recorded license fee

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expense of $157,500, $132,500 and $107,500 related to these agreements in the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and royalty fees and milestone expense of $2.0 million in the years ended December 31, 2010 related to these agreements.

        The Company must meet certain diligence requirements in order to maintain its licenses under the two agreements. Under the agreements, the Company must expend at least $1.0 to $1.2 million per year commencing in 2005 towards the research, development and commercialization of products and processes covered by the agreements. In addition, the Company is obligated to make first commercial sales and meet certain minimum sales thresholds of products or processes including, under the amended and restated agreement, a first commercial sale of a product or process no later than June 2013 and minimal sales of products thereafter, ranging from $0.5 million to $5.0 million annually. If the Company fails to meet its diligence obligations, M.I.T. may, as its sole remedy, convert the exclusive licenses granted to the Company under the amended and restated license agreement to non-exclusive licenses. Under the license agreement covering sequencing machines, M.I.T. has the right to treat the Company's failure to fulfill its diligence obligations as a material breach of the license agreement.

        If, due to the Company's failure to meet diligence obligations, M.I.T. converts certain of the Company's exclusive licenses to non-exclusive, or if M.I.T. terminates one of the agreements, M.I.T. will honor the exclusive nature of the sublicense the Company granted to Sandoz so long as Sandoz both continues to fulfill its obligations to the Company under the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration, 2006 Sandoz Collaboration and license agreement and agrees to assume the Company's rights and obligations to M.I.T.

10. Preferred and Common Stock

Preferred Stock

        The Company is authorized to issue 5.0 million shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the powers, designations, preferences and relative participating, option or other rights thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, redemption terms, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any series, without any further vote or action by the Company's stockholders. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company had no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Common Stock

        Holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if and when declared by the Board of Directors, and to share ratably in the Company's assets legally available for distribution to the Company's stockholders in the event of liquidation. Holders of common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption, or conversion rights. The holders of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights. The holders of a majority of the shares of common stock can elect all of the directors and can control the Company's management and affairs. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by the stockholders of the Company.

11. Share-Based Payments

2004 Stock Incentive Plan

        The Company's 2004 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, allows for the granting of incentive and nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights and other share-based awards to employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors. At December 31, 2010, the Company was authorized to issue up to 11,394,748 shares of common stock with annual increases (to be added on the first day of the Company's fiscal years during the period beginning in fiscal year 2005 and ending on the second day of fiscal year 2013) equal to the lowest of (i) 1,974,393 shares, (ii) 5% of the

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then outstanding number of common shares or (iii) such other amount as the Board of Directors may authorize. Effective January 1, 2011, the Company's Board of Directors increased the number of authorized shares by 1,974,393 shares. At December 31, 2010, the Company had 5,284,204 shares available for grant under the 2004 Stock Incentive Plan.

        Incentive stock options are granted only to employees of the Company. Incentive stock options granted to employees who own more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock will be granted at no less than 110% of the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. Incentive stock options generally vest ratably over four years. Non-statutory stock options may be granted to employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors. Non-statutory stock options granted have varying vesting schedules. Incentive and non-statutory stock options generally expire ten years after the date of grant. Restricted stock is awarded from time to time to key employees, officers and directors. Some restricted stock awards vest on the achievement of corporate milestones and others awards generally vest over a four year vesting period.

Share-Based Compensation

        Total compensation cost for all share-based payment arrangements, including employee, director and consultant stock options, restricted stock and the Company's employee stock purchase plan for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $10.8 million, $10.8 million and $9.2 million, respectively.

        Stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding employee stock option grants was $8.1 million, $7.6 million and $6.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

        In the three month period ended March 31, 2010, the Company recorded a charge to research and development expense of $0.6 million and a charge to general and administrative expense of $1.0 million, due to a correction in the application of the stock option forfeiture rates used to calculate share-based compensation during the years ending December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008. In accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 99, Materiality, and SAB No. 108, the Company assessed the materiality of these charges to its consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, using both the roll-over method and iron-curtain method as defined in SAB No. 108. The Company concluded the effect of understating share-based compensation was not material to its financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 and, as such, those financial statements are not materially misstated. The Company also concluded that providing for the correction of the understatement in 2010 would not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2010.

        During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company granted 740,992 stock options, of which 597,692 were in connection with annual merit awards; the remainder were granted in conjunction with awards to the members of the board of directors and the hiring of new employees. The fair value of each option award was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model that uses the assumptions noted in the table below.

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        The following table summarizes the weighted average assumptions the Company used in its fair value calculations at the date of grant:

 
  Weighted Average Assumptions  
 
  Stock Options   Employee Stock Purchase Plan  
 
  2010   2009   2008   2010   2009   2008  

Expected volatility

    71 %   98 %   83 %   82 %   95 %   80 %

Expected dividends

                         

Expected life (years)

    5.7     6     6     0.5     0.5     0.5  

Risk-free interest rate

    3.0 %   2.6 %   3.29 %   0.2 %   0.6 %   3.0 %

        Under the 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"), participating employees purchase common stock through payroll deductions. An employee may withdraw from an offering before the purchase date and obtain a refund of the amounts withheld through payroll deductions. The purchase price is equal to 85% of the lower of the closing price of the Company's common stock on the first business day and the last business day of the relevant plan period. The plan periods begin on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The ESPP provides for the issuance of up to 524,652 shares of common stock to participating employees. At December 31, 2010, the Company had 283,940 shares available for grant under the ESPP. The Company issued 55,002 shares of common stock to employees under the plan during the year ended December 31, 2010. The fair value of each ESPP award was estimated on the first day of the offering period using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model that uses the assumptions noted in the table above. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense equal to the fair value of the ESPP awards on a straight-line basis over the offering period. During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $0.3 million, $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively, with respect to the ESPP. At December 31, 2010, subscriptions were outstanding for an estimated 16,657 shares at a fair value of approximately $7.74 per share. The weighted average grant date fair value of the offerings during 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $5.48, $4.88 and $4.88 per share, respectively.

        The following table presents stock option activity of the Company's stock plan for the year ended December 31, 2010:

 
  Number of
Stock
Options
(in thousands)
  Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
  Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (in years)
  Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands)
 

Outstanding at January 1, 2010

    4,514   $ 11.04              

Granted

    741     14.87              

Exercised

    (739 )   8.32              

Forfeited

    (101 )   11.97              

Expired

    (155 )   11.60              
                         

Outstanding at December 31, 2010

    4,260   $ 12.13     6.71   $ 15,188  
                   

Exercisable at December 31, 2010

    3,077   $ 12.10     6.08   $ 11,735  
                   

Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2010

    4,158   $ 12.10     6.66   $ 15,016  
                   

        The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $9.59, $8.06 and $6.92 per option, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $7.5 million, $0.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively. At December 31, 2010, the total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock option awards amounted to $8.0 million, including estimated forfeitures, which will be recognized over the weighted

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average remaining requisite service period of 2.1 years. The total fair value of shares vested during 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $7.2 million, $7.6 million and $6.2 million, respectively.

        Cash received from option exercises for 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $6.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Due to the Company's net loss position, the tax benefit related to the tax deductions from option exercises was not realized in any of the periods presented.

Restricted Stock Awards

        The Company has also made awards of restricted common stock to certain employees, officers and directors. During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company awarded 147,638 shares of restricted common stock to certain employees and officers. Awards generally fully vest four years from the grant date, although certain awards granted in prior periods had performance conditions, such as the commercial launch of enoxaparin sodium injection in the United States. Upon the commercial launch of enoxaparin sodium injection, 375,000 shares of restricted common stock vested.

        A summary of the status of nonvested shares of restricted stock as of December 31, 2010, and the changes during the year then ended, is presented below:

 
  Number of
Shares
(in thousands)
  Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 

Nonvested at January 1, 2010

    1,001   $ 16.99  

Granted

    147     15.37  

Vested

    (825 )   18.58  

Cancelled

    (39 )   12.03  

Nonvested at December 31, 2010

   
284
   
12.22
 
           

        As of December 31, 2010, 284,221 shares of nonvested restricted stock have time-based vesting schedules. The total fair value of shares of restricted stock vested during 2010 was $15.4 million due to performance conditions, which were fulfilled upon the commercial launch of enoxaparin sodium injection in the United States. The total fair value of shares of restricted stock vested during 2009 and 2008 was $1.4 million and $144,000, respectively. The Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $2.0 million, $2.8 million and $2.3 million related to outstanding restricted stock awards during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. As of December 31, 2010, the total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock awards amounted to $3.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining requisite service period of 2.3 years.

Stock Options Granted to Non-Employee Consultants

        As of December 31, 2010, the Company had granted stock options to purchase 289,485 shares of common stock to consultants. These stock options were granted in exchange for consulting services to be rendered and vest over periods of up to four years. As of December 31, 2010, options to purchase an aggregate of 91,905 shares of common stock were exercisable. The Company recorded a share-based compensation expense, using an accelerated method, of $479,000, $97,000 and zero during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The fair value of the options is estimated on the date of grant and subsequently revalued at each reporting period over their vesting period using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model and assumptions including an expected life ranging from approximately six to nine years, volatility of approximately 81% and a risk free interest rate of approximately 3.0%.

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12. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

        The following table sets forth the Company's reconciliation of basic and diluted share amounts (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):

 
  For the Years Ended December 31,  
 
  2010   2009   2008  

Numerator:

                   

Net income (loss)

  $ 37,290   $ (64,012 ) $ (62,637 )

Denominator:

                   

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding

    44,626     40,056     35,960  

Weighted average common stock equivalents from assumed exercise of stock options and restricted stock awards

    1,316          
               

Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding

    45,942     40,056     35,960  

Basic net income (loss) per common share

  $ 0.84   $ (1.60 ) $ (1.74 )
               

Diluted net income (loss) per common share

  $ 0.81   $ (1.60 ) $ (1.74 )
               

Weighted-average anti-dilutive shares related to:

                   

Outstanding stock options

    2,187     3,935     2,991  

Restricted stock awards

    58     606     463  

        The weighted-average anti-dilutive shares shown in the foregoing table were not included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share. In those reporting periods in which the Company has reported net income, anti-dilutive shares comprise those common stock equivalents that have either an exercise price above the average stock price for the period or average unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the common stock equivalents is sufficient to "buy back" the entire amount of shares. In those reporting periods in which the Company has a net loss, anti-dilutive shares comprise the impact of those number of shares that would have been dilutive had the Company had net income plus the number of common stock equivalents that would be anti-dilutive had the Company had net income.

13. Income Taxes

        A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax provision to the Company's actual provision for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 is as follows (in thousands):

 
  2010   2009   2008  

Provision (benefit) at federal statutory tax rate

  $ 12,653   $ (21,756 ) $ (21,304 )

State taxes, net of federal benefit

    2,149     (4,014 )   (3,927 )

Change in valuation allowance

    (15,679 )   25,024     25,139  

Share-based compensation

    1,346     1,169     662  

Tax credits

    (488 )   (485 )   (601 )

Other

    19     62     31  
               

Income tax provision

  $   $   $  
               

        At December 31, 2010, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $218.5 million and $211.5 million available, respectively, to reduce future taxable income and which will expire at various dates through 2030. Of this amount, approximately $6.3 million of federal and state net operating loss carryforwards relate to stock option deductions for which the related tax benefit will be recognized in equity when realized. At December 31, 2010, federal and state research and

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development and other credit carryforwards were $4.3 million and $2.5 million, respectively, available to reduce future tax liabilities, and, which will expire at various dates beginning in 2022 through 2030.

        Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 are as follows (in thousands):

 
  December 31,  
 
  2010   2009  

Deferred tax assets:

             

Federal and state net operating losses

  $ 83,013   $ 91,979  

Research credits

    5,935     4,936  

Deferred compensation

    7,314     12,149  

Deferred revenue

    2,323     3,442  

Accrued expenses

    246     229  

Intangibles

    325     283  

Capital leases

    781     1,991  

Unrealized loss on marketable securities

    6     2  
           

Total deferred tax assets

    99,943     115,011  

Deferred tax liabilities:

             

Depreciation

    (1,046 )   (2,434 )
           

Total deferred tax liabilities

    (1,046 )   (2,434 )

Valuation allowance

    (98,897 )   (112,577 )
           

Net deferred tax assets

  $   $  
           

        Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings, if any, the timing and amount of which are uncertain. Accordingly, the net deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance. The valuation allowance decreased by $13.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, primarily as a result of the current period net income.

        A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands) in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 740-10, or ASC 740-10, is as follows:

 
  2010   2009  

Balance, beginning of year

  $ 4,066   $ 4,954  

Additions for tax positions related to the current year

    337     311  

Reductions of tax positions of prior years

    (2,007 )   (1,199 )
           

Balance, end of year

  $ 2,396   $ 4,066  
           

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        As of December 31, 2010, the Company had $2.4 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits, $2.3 million of which, if recognized, would impact the Company's effective tax rate. As of December 31, 2009, the Company had $4.1 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits, $4.0 million of which, if recognized, would impact the Company's effective tax rate. The difference between the total amount of the unrecognized tax benefits and the amount that would affect the effective tax rate consists of the federal tax benefit of state research and development credits.

        The Company reassessed its reserve relating to losses of tax benefits from an ownership change under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 in 2010. As a result of that reassessment and recalculation, the related reserve for unrecognized benefits was reduced by $2.0 million as shown in the above table.

        The Company reassessed its unused state research and development credits in 2009. As a result of that reassessment and recalculation, the carryforward amount was reduced by $1.2 million as well as the unrecognized tax benefits shown in the above rollforward.

        The Company's policy is to recognize both accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company has not recognized any interest and penalties since the adoption of ASC 740-10.

        The Company does not anticipate that it is reasonably possible that the uncertain tax positions will significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months.

        During 2010, the Company applied for and received approval for all four of its applications for the Qualifying Therapeutic Discovery Project under Internal Revenue Code Section 48D and received a tax grant of approximately $1.0 million which is included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations. The tax grant reduced the Company's federal and state net operating loss carryforwards by approximately $1.0 million and reduced the 2009 federal research and development credit carryforwards by approximately $21,000.

14. Line of Credit

        In December 2004, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the "Loan Agreement") with Silicon Valley Bank (the "Bank"). Under the terms of the Loan Agreement, the Company was eligible to borrow up to an aggregate of $3.0 million solely for reimbursement of purchases of eligible equipment, as defined under the Loan Agreement. As of December 31, 2005, the Company had drawn $3.0 million against the Loan Agreement. The Company was not obligated to draw down any amounts under the Loan Agreement and any borrowings bear interest at the per annum rate of the U.S. Treasury note yield to maturity for a term equal to forty-two months plus 5%, which rate was fixed on the funding date for each advance under the Loan Agreement. Advances under the Loan Agreement were to be repaid over a forty-two month period commencing on the applicable funding date. To secure the payment and performance in full of the Company's obligations under the Loan Agreement, the Company granted to the Bank a continuing security interest in the Collateral, as such term is defined under the Loan Agreement and which essentially includes all eligible equipment and records relating thereto. The Company repaid all borrowings during 2009.

15. Commitments and Contingencies

Capital and Operating Leases

        In December 2005, the Company entered into a Master Lease Agreement (the "Agreement") with General Electric Capital Corporation ("GECC"). Under the Agreement, the Company may lease office, laboratory, computer and other equipment from GECC by executing specified equipment schedules with GECC. Each equipment schedule will specify the lease term with respect to the underlying leased equipment. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had drawn $9.6 million against the Agreement and no additional amounts were drawn in the years ending December 31, 2009 and

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December 31, 2010. Borrowings under the Agreement are payable over a 54-month period at effective annual interest rates of 7.51% to 9.39%. In accordance with the Agreement, should the effective corporate income tax rate for calendar-year taxpayers increase above 35%, GECC will have the right to increase rent payments by requiring payment of a single additional sum, calculated in accordance with the Agreement. The Agreement also provides the Company an early purchase option after 48 months at a predetermined fair market value, which the Company intends to exercise. As a result, the Agreement is considered a capital lease for accounting purposes and the equipment is included in property and equipment. Under the Agreement, if any material adverse change in the Company or its business occurs, as solely determined by GECC, the total unpaid principal would become immediately due and payable. There have been no events of default under this agreement. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had approximately $1.7 million in outstanding borrowings under the Agreement.

        The Company leases office space and equipment under various operating lease agreements. Rent expense for office space under operating leases amounted to $5.2 million, $5.4 million and $5.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

        In September 2004, the Company entered into an agreement to lease 53,323 square feet of office and laboratory space located at 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, for a term of 80 months (the "West Kendall Sublease"). The Company has an option to extend the West Kendall Sublease for one additional term of 48 months, ending April 2015, or on such other earlier date as provided in accordance with the West Kendall Sublease. In November 2005, the Company amended the West Kendall Sublease to lease an additional 25,131 square feet in its current premises through April 2011. Under the lease amendment, the landlord agreed to finance the leasehold improvements. The Company commenced expensing the applicable rent on a straight-line basis beginning with the commencement of the construction period. As the Company was the owner of the leasehold assets during the construction period it recorded $3.2 million in leasehold improvements offset by a $3.2 million lease financing liability. The construction period was completed in June 2006. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had approximately $0.3 million outstanding under the lease financial liability. On April 22, 2010, the Company exercised its right to extend the West Kendall Sublease for one additional term of 48 months, ending April 2015. During the extension term, which commences on May 1, 2011, annual rental payments will increase by approximately $1.2 million over the current annual rental rate.

        Future minimum capital and total operating lease commitments as of December 31, 2010 are as follows (in thousands):

 
  Operating Lease   Capital Lease  

2011

  $ 4,418   $ 1,817  

2012

    4,707      

2013

    4,707      

2014

    4,707      

2015 and beyond

    1,569      
           

Total future minimum lease payments

  $ 20,108     1,817  
             

Less—Amounts representing interest

          (88 )
             

Capital lease obligations at December 31, 2010

          1,729  

Less—Current maturities

          (1,729 )
             

Capital lease obligations, net of current maturities

           
             

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License Agreements

        In connection with license arrangements with the research university discussed in Note 9, the Company has certain annual fixed obligations to pay fees for the technology licensed. Beginning in 2010, the annual financial obligations, which extend indefinitely, are approximately $0.2 million per year. The Company may terminate the agreements at any time without further annual obligations. Annual payments may be applied towards royalties payable to the licensor for that year for product sales, sublicensing of the patent rights or joint development revenue.

Legal Contingencies

        In July 2008, the FDA accepted for review the ANDA containing a paragraph IV certification for generic Copaxone submitted by Sandoz. Subsequently, in August 2008, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and related entities sued Sandoz, Novartis AG and the Company for patent infringement related to four of the seven Orange Book patents listed for Copaxone in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The court subsequently dismissed all claims in the case against Sandoz International GmbH and Novartis AG, the international affiliates of Sandoz. The Company and Sandoz asserted defenses of non-infringement, invalidity and unenforceability and filed counterclaims for declaratory judgments to have all seven of the Orange Book patents as well as two additional patents in the same patent family adjudicated in the present lawsuit. In January 2010, the court heard arguments from the parties on the meaning of certain disputed claim terms in a claim construction hearing (also known as a "Markman hearing"). There is no defined timeline for the judge to issue a decision on claim construction and such a decision could be issued at any time. In September 2010, the court denied Sandoz' and the Company's motion for summary judgment to rule that the Orange Book patents were invalid as a matter of law, stating that fact finding was necessary to render a ruling. Another company, Mylan Inc., or Mylan, also has an ANDA for generic Copaxone under FDA review. In October 2009, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. sued Mylan for patent infringement related to the Orange Book patents listed for Copaxone, and in October 2010, the court consolidated the Mylan case with the case against the Company and Sandoz. The Mylan-related Markman hearing was held in January 2011 and a trial has been scheduled for September 2011 in the consolidated case.

        In a separate lawsuit, in December 2009, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and related entities sued Sandoz, Novartis AG and the Company for patent infringement related to certain non-Orange Book patents. The Company and Sandoz filed a Motion to dismiss this case, and a Motion to Stay Litigation Pending Resolution of the Motion to Dismiss. Both motions were opposed by Teva and are pending. The court subsequently dismissed all claims in the case against Sandoz International GmbH and Novartis AG, the international affiliates of Sandoz.

        While it is not possible to determine with any degree of certainty the ultimate outcome of the legal proceedings, the Company believes that it has meritorious defenses with respect to the claims asserted against it and intends to vigorously defend its position. In addition, under the terms of the 2006 Sandoz Collaboration, Sandoz AG agreed to indemnify the Company for various claims, including patent infringement claims based on the Company's activities related to partnered programs. The Company has not recorded any accrual for such matter as it is not probable that a loss has been incurred nor is a loss estimable.

16. 401(k) Plan

        The Company has a defined contribution 401(k) plan available to eligible employees. Employee contributions are voluntary and are determined on an individual basis, limited by the maximum amounts allowable under federal tax regulations. The Company has discretion to make contributions to the plan. In March 2005, the Company's Board of Directors approved a match of 50% of the first 6%

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contributed by employees, effective for the 2004 plan year and thereafter. The Company recorded $0.5 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million of such match expense in the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

17. Related Party Transactions

        Parivid, LLC, or Parivid, a company that provided data integration and analysis services to the Company, was considered to be a related party as a co-founder and member of the Company's Board of Directors is the brother of the former chief technology officer of Parivid. In 2007, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with Parivid. In connection with the Purchase Agreement, the Company acquired patent rights, software, know-how and other intangible assets, and assumed certain specified liabilities of Parivid related to the acquired assets, for $2.5 million in cash paid at closing and up to $11.0 million in additional payments, which, if certain milestones were achieved, would be paid in a combination of cash and/or stock. In 2007, the Company recorded a total purchase price of $4.5 million that includes the $2.5 million cash paid at the closing and $2.0 million in Initial milestone payments, which were probable and accrued at December 31, 2008 and 2007.

        On August 4, 2009, the Company entered into an Amendment to the Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the Amendment, the Company agreed to extend the time period for completion of the Initial Milestones to June 30, 2009, specified those Initial Milestones that had been achieved as of June 30, 2009 and, as consideration for the completion and satisfaction of the Initial Milestones that were achieved, agreed to pay Parivid $0.5 million in cash and to issue 91,576 shares of the Company's common stock, at a value of $10.92 per share. In addition, in September 2009, the Company made a cash payment of $0.1 million to Parivid, recorded as other expense, representing the difference between the net proceeds from Parivid's sale of the shares issued in satisfaction of the Initial Milestones and the value of such shares as of the date of the Amendment.

18. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

 
  Quarter Ended  
(in thousands, except per share data)
  March 31   June 30   September 30   December 31  

2010

                         

Product revenue

  $   $   $ 44,188   $ 52,437  

Research and development revenue

  $ 3,690   $ 2,795   $ 7,773   $ 5,889  

Total collaboration revenue

  $ 3,690   $ 2,795   $ 51,961   $ 58,326  

Net income (loss)

  $ (16,084 ) $ (15,004 ) $ 32,120   $ 36,258  

Basic net income (loss) per common share

  $ (0.37 ) $ (0.34 ) $ 0.72   $ 0.79  

Diluted net income (loss) per common share

  $ (0.37 ) $ (0.34 ) $ 0.70   $ 0.77  

Shares used in computing basic net income (loss) per common share

    43,752     44,069     44,719     45,940  

Shares used in computing diluted net income (loss) per common share

    43,752     44,069     46,032     46,930  

2009

                         

Collaboration revenue

  $ 3,990   $ 6,605   $ 4,008   $ 5,646  

Net loss

  $ (17,905 ) $ (16,772 ) $ (14,646 ) $ (14,689 )

Basic and diluted net loss per common share

  $ (0.46 ) $ (0.43 ) $ (0.38 ) $ (0.34 )

Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share

    38,744     38,804     39,014     43,615  

        Net income (loss) per common share amounts for the quarters and full years have been calculated separately. Accordingly, quarterly amounts may not add to the annual amount because of differences in the weighted-average common shares outstanding during each period principally due to the effect of the Company's issuing shares of its common stock during the year.

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Item 9.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

        Not applicable.

Item 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

1.    Disclosure Controls and Procedures

        Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2010. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2010, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

2.    Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

        (a)   Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

        Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company's principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company's board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

    Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

    Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and

    Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

        Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the

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risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

        Our management, including the supervision and participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in "Internal Control—Integrated Framework."

        Based on its assessment, our management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2010, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

        The independent registered public accounting firm that audited our financial statement included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K has issued its report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This report appears below.

        (b)   Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

        The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

        We have audited Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

        We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

        A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

        Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject

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to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

        In our opinion, Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on the COSO criteria.

        We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010 of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and our report dated March 10, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

                        /s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Boston, Massachusetts
March 10, 2011

        (c)   Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

        In July 2010, Sandoz began the commercial sale of enoxaparin sodium injection. Under the 2003 Sandoz Collaboration agreement, Sandoz is responsible for commercial activities. We began recognizing revenue related to such sales during the year ended December 31, 2010 and, as a result, established internal controls with respect to such revenue. There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION

        Not applicable.

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PART III

Item 10.    DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

        The information relating to our directors, nominees for election as directors and executive officers under the headings "Election of Directors," "Corporate Governance—Our Executive Officers," "Corporate Governance—Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" and "Corporate Governance—Board Committees" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference to such proxy statement.

        We have adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. We make available our code of business conduct and ethics free of charge through our website which is located at www.momentapharma.com . We intend to disclose any amendment to, or waiver from, our code of business conduct and ethics that is required to be publicly disclosed pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the NASDAQ Global Market by posting it on our website.

Item 11.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

        The discussion under the headings or subheadings "Executive Compensation," "Compensation of Directors," "Compensation Committee Report" and "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference to such proxy statement.

Item 12.    SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

        The discussion under the heading "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference to such proxy statement. Information required by this Item relating to securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is contained in our definitive proxy statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under the subheading "Equity Compensation Plan Information" and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13.    CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

        The discussion under the headings "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" and "Corporate Governance—Board Determination of Independence" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference to such proxy statement.

Item 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

        The discussion under the heading "Ratification of Selection of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in our definitive proxy statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference to such proxy statement.

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PART IV

Item 15.    EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

        (a)   The following documents are included as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        1.     Financial Statements:

        2.     All schedules are omitted as the information required is either inapplicable or is presented in the financial statements and/or the related notes.

        3.     The Exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index immediately preceding the Exhibits are filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized this 10 th  day of March, 2010.

    MOMENTA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 

 

By:

 

/s/ CRAIG A. WHEELER

Craig A. Wheeler
Chief Executive Officer

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature
 
Title
 
Date

 

 

 

 

 
/s/ CRAIG A. WHEELER

Craig A. Wheeler
  President and Chief Executive Officer; Director (Principal Executive Officer)   March 10, 2011

/s/ RICHARD P. SHEA

Richard P. Shea

 

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

March 10, 2011

/s/ JAMES SULAT

James Sulat

 

Chairman of the Board and Director

 

March 10, 2011

/s/ JOHN K. CLARKE

John K. Clarke

 

Director

 

March 10, 2011

/s/ MARSHA H. FANUCCI

Marsha H. Fanucci

 

Director

 

March 10, 2011

/s/ PETER BARTON HUTT

Peter Barton Hutt

 

Director

 

March 10, 2011

/s/ BRUCE DOWNEY

Bruce Downey

 

Director

 

March 10, 2011

/s/ THOMAS KOESTLER

Thomas Koestler

 

Director

 

March 10, 2011

/s/ BENNETT M. SHAPIRO

Bennett M. Shapiro

 

Director

 

March 10, 2011

/s/ ELIZABETH STONER

Elizabeth Stoner

 

Director

 

March 10, 2011

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 
   
   
  Incorporated by Reference to
Exhibit
Number
  Description   Form or
Schedule
  Exhibit
No.
  Filing
Date
with SEC
  SEC File
Number
      Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws                
  3.1   Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation   S-1   3.3   3/11/2004   333-113522
  3.2   Certificate of Designations of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of the Registrant   8-K   3.1   11/8/2005   000-50797
  3.3   Second Amended and Restated By-Laws   S-1   3.4   3/11/2004   333-113522

 

 

 

Instruments Defining the Rights of Security
Holders

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  4.1   Specimen Certificate evidencing shares of common stock   S-1/A   4.1   6/15/2004   333-113522
  4.2   Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2006, by and between Novartis Pharma AG and the Registrant   10-Q   10.2   11/8/2006   000-50797

 

 

 

Material Contracts—License Agreements

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  10.1†   Collaboration and License Agreement, dated November 1, 2003, by and among Biochemie West Indies, N.V., Geneva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and the Registrant   S-1/A   10.4   5/11/2004   333-113522
  10.2†   Amended and Restated Exclusive Patent License Agreement, dated November 1, 2002, by and between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant (the "November 1, 2002 M.I.T. License"); First Amendment to the November 1, 2002 M.I.T. License, dated November 15, 2002, by and between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant; Letter Agreement, dated September 12, 2003, between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant; Letter Agreement, dated October 22, 2003, between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant; Second Amendment to the November 1, 2002 M.I.T. License, dated November 19, 2003, by and between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant; Third Amendment to the November 1, 2002 M.I.T. License, dated April 2, 2004, by and between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant   8-K   10.1   8/15/2006   000-50797

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  Incorporated by Reference to
Exhibit
Number
  Description   Form or
Schedule
  Exhibit
No.
  Filing
Date
with SEC
  SEC File
Number
  10.3†   Letter Agreement Regarding November 1, 2002 M.I.T. License, dated August 4, 2006, between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant   8-K   10.1   8/15/2006   000-50797
  10.4†   Letter Agreement Regarding November 1, 2002 M.I.T. License, dated October 18, 2006, between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant   10-Q   10.6   11/8/2006   000-50797
  10.5†   Exclusive Patent License Agreement, dated October 31, 2002, by and between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant (the "October 31, 2002 M.I.T. License"); First Amendment to the October 31, 2002 M.I.T. License, dated November 15, 2002, by and between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant   S-1/A   10.6   5/11/2004   333-113522
  10.6†   Fourth Amendment to the November 1, 2002 M.I.T. License, dated July 17, 2004, by and between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant   10-Q   10.3   8/16/2004   000-50797
  10.7†   Second Amendment to the October 31, 2002 M.I.T. License, dated July 17, 2004, by and between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant   10-Q   10.4   8/16/2004   000-50797
  10.8†   Fifth Amendment to the November 1, 2002 M.I.T. License, dated August 5, 2006, by and between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant   10-Q   10.5   11/8/2006   000-50797
  10.9†   Third Amendment to the October 31, 2002 M.I.T. License, dated August 5, 2006, by and between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant   10-Q   10.4   11/8/2006   000-50797
  10.10   Sixth Amendment to the November 1, 2002 M.I.T. License, dated January 10, 2007, by and between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant   10-K   10.8   3/15/2007   000-50797
  10.11   Fourth Amendment to the October 31, 2002 M.I.T. License, dated January 10, 2007, by and between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant   10-K   10.11   3/15/2007   000-50797
  10.12   Letter Agreement dated January 29, 2007 between Sandoz AG and the Registrant   10-K   10.16   3/15/2007   000-50797
  10.13   Letter Agreement dated February 1, 2007 between Sandoz AG and the Registrant   10-Q   10.2   5/10/2007   000-50797

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  Incorporated by Reference to
Exhibit
Number
  Description   Form or
Schedule
  Exhibit
No.
  Filing
Date
with SEC
  SEC File
Number
  10.14   Letter Agreement Regarding the November 1, 2002 M.I.T. License, dated June 12, 2007, between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant   10-Q   10.2   8/9/2007   000-50797
  10.15†   Collaboration and License Agreement, dated June 13, 2007, by and among Sandoz AG and the Registrant   10-Q   10.1   8/9/2007   000-50797
  10.16   Amendment No. 1, dated April 25, 2008, to the Collaboration and License Agreement, dated June 13, 2007, by and among Sandoz AG and the Registrant   10-Q   10.1   5/9/2008   000-50797
  10.17   Seventh Amendment to the Amended and Restated Exclusive Patent License Agreement, dated November 1, 2002, by and between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Registrant dated June 1, 2009   10-Q   10.1   8/6/2009   000-50797
  10.18†   Amendment No. 2, dated December 11, 2009, to the Collaboration and License Agreement, dated June 13, 2007, by and among Sandoz AG and the Registrant   10-K   10.18   3/12/2010   000-50797
  10.19†   Letter Agreement, dated December 22, 2010, by and between Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology   8-K   10.1   12/23/2010   000-50797

 

 

 

Material Contracts—Management Contracts and Compensation Plans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  10.20#   Amended and Restated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan   10-K   10.17   3/15/2007   000-50797
  10.21#   2004 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended   10-K   10.18   3/15/2007   000-50797
  10.22#   Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement Granted Under 2004 Stock Incentive Plan   10-Q   10.1   8/16/2004   000-50797
  10.23#   Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement Granted Under 2004 Stock Incentive Plan   10-Q   10.2   8/16/2004   000-50797
  10.24#   Form of Restricted Stock Agreement Under 2004 Stock Incentive Plan   8-K   10.2   2/28/08   000-50797
  10.25#   2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan   10-Q   10.1   5/6/2010   000-50797
  10.26#   Non-Employee Director Compensation Summary   10-K   10.25   3/12/2010   000-50797
  10.27#   Employment Agreement, dated August 22, 2006, between Craig Wheeler and the Registrant   10-Q   10.7   11/8/2006   000-50797
  *10.28#   Amendment dated December 16, 2010 to the Employment Agreement, dated August 22, 2006, between Craig Wheeler and the Registrant                

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  Incorporated by Reference to
Exhibit
Number
  Description   Form or
Schedule
  Exhibit
No.
  Filing
Date
with SEC
  SEC File
Number
  10.29#   Restricted Stock Agreement, dated August 22, 2006, between Craig Wheeler and the Registrant   10-Q   10.8   11/8/2006   000-50797
  10.30#   Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement, dated August 22, 2006, between Craig Wheeler and the Registrant   10-Q   10.9   11/8/2006   000-50797
  10.31#   Incentive Stock Option Agreement, dated August 22, 2006, between Craig Wheeler and the Registrant   10-Q   10.10   11/8/2006   000-50797
  10.32#   Restricted Stock Agreement, dated December 15, 2006, between John E. Bishop and the Registrant   10-K   10.56   3/15/2007   000-50797
  10.33#   Restricted Stock Agreement, dated December 14, 2007, between John E. Bishop and the Registrant   10-K   10.35   3/10/2008   000-50797
  10.34#   Restricted Stock Agreement, dated August 15, 2007, between Richard P. Shea and the Registrant   10-Q   10.1   11/08/2007   000-50797
  10.35#   Restricted Stock Agreement, dated January 17, 2007, between Craig Wheeler and the Registrant   10-Q   10.7   11/8/2006   000-50797
  10.36#   Form of Employment Agreement for executive officers   10-Q   10.3   5/9/2008   000-50797
  10.37#   Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated April 28, 2008, by the Registrant and Ganesh Venkataraman   10-Q   10.4   5/9/2008   000-50797
  10.38#   Form of Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated May 28, 2008, by the Registrant and each of John E. Bishop and James Roach   10-Q   10.1   8/5/2008   000-50797
  *10.39#   Form of Amendment to the Employment Agreement for executive officers dated December 15, 2010                
  10.40#   Amendment No. 1 to the Restricted Stock Agreement made on January 17, 2007 between the Registrant and Craig A. Wheeler dated November 4, 2009.   10-Q   10.1   11/5/2009   000-50797
  10.41   Letter Agreement dated November 5, 2010 between Steven B. Brugger and the Registrant.   10-Q   10.1   11/8/2010   000-50797

 

 

 

Material Contracts—Credit Agreements

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  10.42   Loan and Security Agreement, dated December 27, 2002, by and between Silicon Valley Bank and the Registrant   S-1   10.23   3/11/2004   333-113522
  10.43   First Loan Modification Agreement, dated December 28, 2004, between Silicon Valley Bank and the Registrant   10-K   10.37   3/31/2005   000-50797

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  Incorporated by Reference to
Exhibit
Number
  Description   Form or
Schedule
  Exhibit
No.
  Filing
Date
with SEC
  SEC File
Number
  10.44   Loan and Security Agreement, dated December 28, 2004, between Silicon Valley Bank and the Registrant   10-K   10.38   3/31/2005   000-50797
  10.45   Master Lease Agreement, dated December 30, 2005, between General Electric Capital Corporation and the Registrant   10-K   10.44   3/16/2006   000-50797

 

 

 

Material Contracts—Leases

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  10.46†   Sublease Agreement, dated September 14, 2004, by and between Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated and the Registrant   10-Q   10.9   11/12/2004   000-50797
  10.47   First Amendment to Sublease (regarding Sublease Agreement, dated September 14, 2004), dated September 7, 2005, between Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated and the Registrant   10-Q   10.3   11/14/2005   000-50797
  10.48   Second Amendment to Sublease (regarding Sublease Agreement, dated September 14, 2004, as amended), effective as of November 21, 2005, between Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated and the Registrant   10-K   10.47   3/16/2006   000-50797
  10.49   Third Amendment to Sublease (regarding Sublease Agreement, dated September 14, 2004, as amended), effective as of January 27, 2006, between Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated and the Registrant   10-K   10.48   3/16/2006   000-50797
  10.50   Letter Agreement (regarding Sublease Agreement, dated September 14, 2004, as amended), dated June 29, 2006, between Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated and the Registrant   10-Q   10.01   8/9/2006   000-50797

 

 

 

Material Contracts—Stock Purchase Agreement

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  10.51   Stock Purchase Agreement, dated July 25, 2006, by and between Novartis Pharma AG and the Registrant   10-Q   10.1   11/8/2006   000-50797

 

 

 

Material Contracts—Asset Purchase Agreement

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  10.52   Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of April 20, 2007 by and among Parivid, LLC, S. Raguram and the Registrant   10-Q   10.3   5/10/2007   000-50797
  10.53   Amendment No. 1 to the April 20, 2007 Asset Purchase Agreement between Parivid LLC, S. Raguram and the Registrant dated August 4, 2009.   10-Q   10.2   8/6/2009   000-50797

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  Incorporated by Reference to
Exhibit
Number
  Description   Form or
Schedule
  Exhibit
No.
  Filing
Date
with SEC
  SEC File
Number

 

 

 

Additional Exhibits

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  *21   List of Subsidiaries                
  *23.1   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm                
  *31.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 or 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002                
  *31.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 or 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002                
  *32.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(b) or 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002                

*
Filed herewith.

Confidential treatment requested as to certain portions, which portions are omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

#
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement filed as an Exhibit to this report pursuant to 15(a) and 15(c) of Form 10-K.

110




Exhibit 10.28

 

December 15, 2010

 

Craig Wheeler

Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

675 West Kendall Street

Cambridge, MA  02142

 

Dear Craig:

 

You and Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”), are parties to an employment agreement dated August 22, 2006 that sets forth certain terms of your employment with the Company (the “Employment Agreement”).  We have agreed to certain amendments to the Employment Agreement set forth below in order to correct document failures in the Employment Agreement under section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, pursuant to Internal Revenue Service Notice 2010-6, 2010-3 IRB 275 (“ Notice 2010-6 ”).  In accordance with Notice 2010-6, the amendments will have an effective date of January 1, 2009.

 

Except as set forth below, your Employment Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

1.                                        The last sentence of Section 5 of the Employment Agreement shall be replaced in its entirety with the following:

 

“In addition, subject to the Employee’s execution and non-revocation of a binding severance and mutual release agreement in a form satisfactory to the Company (hereinafter, a “Severance Agreement”), which Severance Agreement must be executed and any applicable revocation period with respect thereto must have expired within sixty (60) days of the date of termination, the Employee shall be eligible to receive the following separation benefits:”

 

2.                                        The following shall be added to the end of the first sentence of Section 5.4 of the Employment Agreement:

 

“for a period of twelve (12) months”

 

3.                                        The last sentence of Section 6.2 of the Employment Agreement shall be replaced in its entirety with the following:

 

“In addition, subject to the Employee’s (or his legal representative’s, as applicable) execution and non-revocation of a binding Severance Agreement, which Severance Agreement must be executed and any applicable revocation period with respect thereto must have expired within sixty (60) days of the date of termination, the Employee shall be eligible to receive the following separation benefits:”

 

Signatures on Page Following

 

1



 

Signature Pages

 

Sincerely,

 

 

 

Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Richard P. Shea

 

 

 

 

Title:

SVP & CFO

 

 

 

 

The foregoing correctly sets forth the terms of my continued employment with the Company.  I am not relying on any representations other than as set out in the Employment Agreement and the amendment thereto set forth above.  I have been given a reasonable amount of time to consider this amendment and to consult an attorney and/or advisor of my choosing.  I have carefully read this amendment, understand the contents herein, freely and voluntarily assent to all of the terms and conditions hereof, and sign my name of my own free act.

 

 

/s/ Craig A. Wheeler

 

Date: 16 Dec, 2010

 

 

 

Craig Wheeler

 

 

2




Exhibit 10.39

 

December 15, 2010

 

[Insert Name of Executive]

Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

675 West Kendall Street

Cambridge, MA  02142

 

Dear [                   ]:

 

You and Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”), are parties to an employment agreement dated                that sets forth certain terms of your employment with the Company (the “Employment Agreement”).  We have agreed to certain amendments to the Employment Agreement set forth below in order to correct document failures in the Employment Agreement under section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, pursuant to Internal Revenue Service Notice 2010-6, 2010-3 IRB 275 (“ Notice 2010-6 ”).  In accordance with Notice 2010-6, the amendments will have an effective date of January 1, 2009.

 

Except as set forth below, your Employment Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

1.                                        The last sentence of Section 5.1 of the Employment Agreement shall be replaced in its entirety with the following:

 

“In addition, if the Employee’s employment with the Company is terminated by reason of the Employee’s Disability, by the Company without Cause, or by the Employee’s voluntary resignation for Good Reason, subject to the Employee’s execution and non-revocation of a binding severance and mutual release agreement in a form provided by and satisfactory to the Company (hereinafter, a “Severance Agreement”), which Severance Agreement must be executed and any applicable revocation period with respect thereto must have expired within sixty (60) days of the date of termination, the Employee shall be eligible to receive the following separation benefits:”

 

2.                                        Section 5.1(a) of the Employment Agreement shall be replaced in its entirety with the following:

 

“an amount equal to the sum of (i) twelve (12) months of the Employee’s base salary as of the date of termination (which amount shall be payable in installments in accordance with the Company’s regular payroll practices, beginning on the next payroll date following the 60 th  day after the date of termination) and (ii) the greater of (x) the annual discretionary target bonus established by the Board (or any other person or persons having authority with respect thereto) for the Employee for the fiscal year in which the date of termination occurs or (y) the annual bonus paid to the Employee for the most recently completed fiscal year (which amount shall be payable in one lump sum on the next payroll date following the 60 th  day after the date of termination);”

 

1



 

3.                                        The last sentence of Section 5.1(c) of the Employment Agreement shall be replaced in its entirety with the following:

 

“The benefits provided and/ or the payments made under this subsection shall be in installments in accordance with the Company’s regular payroll practices, beginning with the payroll date following the 60 th  day after the date of termination; and”

 

4.                                        Section 5.3(d) of the Employment Agreement shall be replaced in its entirety with the following:

 

“Any payments or other benefits otherwise due to the Employee following a Change in Ownership or Control that could reasonably be characterized (as determined by the Company) as Contingent Compensation Payments (the “Potential Payments”) shall not be made until the dates provided for in this Section 5.3(d).  Within 30 days after each date on which the Employee first becomes entitled to receive (whether or not then due) a Contingent Compensation Payment relating to such Change in Ownership or Control, the Company shall determine and notify the Employee (with reasonable detail regarding the basis for its determinations):  (i) which Potential Payments constitute Contingent Compensation Payments, (ii) the Eliminated Amount and (iii) whether the Section 5.3(b) Override is applicable.  The Eliminated Amount shall be determined by reducing or eliminating Potential Payments in the following order: (i) any cash payments, (ii) any taxable benefits, (iii) any nontaxable benefits and (iv) any vesting of equity awards in each case in reverse order beginning with payments or benefits that are to be paid the farthest in time from the date that triggers the applicability of the Excise Tax, to the extent necessary to maximize the Eliminated Payments.  Within 30 days after delivery of such notice to the Employee, the Employee shall deliver a response to the Company (the “Employee Response”) stating either (A) that he/she agrees with the Company’s determinations pursuant to the preceding two sentences or (b) that he/she disagrees with such determinations, in which case he/she shall set forth (i) which Potential Payments should be characterized as Contingent Compensation Payments, (ii) the Eliminated Amount (which must be determined based on the ordering rules set forth in the preceding sentence) and (iii) whether the Section 5.3(b) Override is applicable.  In the event that the Employee fails to deliver an Employee Response on or before the required date, the Company’s initial determination shall be final.  If the Employee states in the Employee Response that he/ she agrees with the Company’s determination, the Company shall make the Potential Payments to the Employee within three business says following delivery to the Company of the Employee Response (except for any Potential Payments which are not due to be made until after such date, which Potential Payments shall be made on the date on which they are due).  If the Employee states in the Employee Response that he/she disagrees with the Company’s determination, then, for a period of 60 days following delivery of the Employee Response, the Employee and the Company shall use good faith efforts to resolve such dispute.  If such dispute is not resolved within such 60-day period, such dispute shall be settled exclusively by arbitration in Boston, Massachusetts, in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association then in effect.  Judgment may be entered on the arbitrator’s award in any court having jurisdiction.  The Company shall, within three business days following delivery to the Company of the Employee Response, make to the Employee those Potential Payments as to which there is no dispute between the Company and the Employee regarding whether they should be made (except for any such Potential Payments which are not due to be paid until after such date, which Potential Payments shall be made on the date on which they are due).  The

 

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balance of the Potential Payments shall be made within three business days following the resolution of such dispute.  Subject to the limitations contained in Sections 5.3(a) and (b) hereof, the amount of any payments to be made to the Employee following the resolution of such dispute shall be increased by the amount of the accrued interest thereon computed at the prime rate announced from time to time by the Wall Street Journal , compounded monthly from the date such payments originally were due.”

 

4.                                        The last parenthetical of Section 6.2(a) of the Employment Agreement shall be replaced in its entirety with the following:

 

“(which amount shall be payable in one lump sum on the next payroll date following the 30 th  day after the date of termination; provided, however, that if the Change in Control Date precedes the Change in Control, then such amount shall be payable in accordance with Section 5.1(a)(i) hereof);”

 

5.                                        The last sentence of Section 6.2(c) of the Employment Agreement shall be replaced in its entirety with the following:

 

“The benefits provided and/or payments made under this subsection shall be in installments in accordance with the Company’s regular payroll practices, beginning with the payroll date following the 30 th  day after the date of termination; provided, however, that if the Change in Control Date precedes the Change in Control, then such amounts shall be payable in accordance with Section 5.1(c) hereof.”

 

Signatures on Page Following

 

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Signature Page

 

Sincerely,

 

 

 

Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

The foregoing correctly sets forth the terms of my continued employment with the Company.  I am not relying on any representations other than as set out in the Employment Agreement and the amendment thereto set forth above.  I have been given a reasonable amount of time to consider this amendment and to consult an attorney and/or advisor of my choosing.  I have carefully read this amendment, understand the contents herein, freely and voluntarily assent to all of the terms and conditions hereof, and sign my name of my own free act.

 

 

 

Date:                             , 2010

 

 

[Insert Name of Executive]

 

 

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EXHIBIT 21

SUBSIDIARIES OF MOMENTA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Name of Subsidiary
  Jurisdiction of
Organization
Momenta Pharmaceuticals Securities Corporation   Massachusetts



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Exhibit 23.1


CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

        We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements (Form S-3 Nos. 333-163615, 333-161414, 333-126798, and 333-126356 and Form S-8 Nos. 333-172155, 333-164892, 333-157275, 333-149253, 333-140760 and 333-117173) of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and where applicable, in the related Prospectuses of our reports dated March 10, 2011, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2010.

Boston, Massachusetts
March 10, 2011




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CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

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Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Craig A. Wheeler, President and Chief Executive Officer of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.

4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: March 10, 2011   /s/ CRAIG A. WHEELER

Craig A. Wheeler
President and Chief Executive Officer



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Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Richard P. Shea, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.

4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: March 10, 2011   /s/ RICHARD P. SHEA

Richard P. Shea
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer



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Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

        In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the "Company") for the period ended December 31, 2010 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned, Craig A. Wheeler, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Richard P. Shea, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:

Dated: March 10, 2011   /s/ CRAIG A. WHEELER

Craig A. Wheeler
President and Chief Executive Officer

Dated: March 10, 2011

 

/s/ RICHARD P. SHEA

Richard P. Shea
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer



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