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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August     , 2011

Registration No. 333-174194

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

AMENDMENT NO. 2
TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

Colorado
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)
  1382
(Primary Standard Classi-
fication Code Number)
  27-2888719
(IRS Employer
I.D. Number)

1330 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 1600
Houston, Texas 77056
(713) 627-2500
(Address and telephone number of principal executive offices)

Warren Dillard
1330 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 1600
Houston, Texas 77056
(713) 627-2500
(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)

Copies of all communications, including all communications sent to the agent for service, should be sent to:

William T. Hart
Hart & Trinen, LLP
1624 Washington Street
Denver, Colorado 80203
303-839-0061

 

Mark A. von Bergen
Jason H. Barker

Holland & Knight LLP
2300 U.S. Bancorp Tower
111 SW Fifth Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97204
503-243-2300

Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Sale to the Public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

           If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box:  ý

           If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

           If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

           If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

           Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  o   Accelerated filer  o   Non-accelerated filer  o
(Do not check if a
smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company ý

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

               
 
Title of each Class of
Securities to be Registered

  Securities
to be
Registered

  Proposed
Maximum
Offering
Price Per
Security(1)

  Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price

  Amount of
Registration Fee

 

Units, each consisting of:(2)

  8,050,000   $1.50   $12,075,000   $1,402
 

(i) one share of common stock; and

  8,050,000      
 

(ii) one Class A warrant to purchase one share of common stock; and

  8,050,000      
 

Representative's warrant(3)

  700,000      
 

Units issuable upon exercise of the representative's warrants, each unit consisting of:

  700,000   $1.80   $1,260,000   $147
 

(i) one share of common stock; and

  700,000      
 

(ii) one Class A warrant to purchase one share of common stock(3)

  700,000      
 

Shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Class A warrants including the Class A warrants underlying the representative's warrant(2)

  8,750,000   $2.25   $19,687,500   $2,286
 

TOTAL

          $33,022,500   $3,835

 

(1)
Offering price computed in accordance with Rule 457(g).

(2)
Includes 1,050,000 units which would be issued, or issuable, upon exercise of the underwriter's overallotment option.

(3)
In connection with the sale of the units, the registrant will issue the representative of the underwriters a warrant to purchase up to 700,000 units.

            The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of l933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.


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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED                , 2011

PROSPECTUS

LOGO

7,000,000 Units

Each unit consisting of one share of common stock and
one Class A warrant

        This is an initial public offering of units of Vanguard Energy Corporation. Each unit consists of one share of common stock and one Class A warrant. We expect that the units will be offered at a price within a range of $1.25 to $1.50 per unit. Each Class A warrant entitles its holder to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $            [150% of the initial public offering price of the unit]. The Class A warrants are exercisable at any time after they become separately quotable and until their expiration on the fifth anniversary of the date of this prospectus. The Class A warrants will be redeemable at our option for $0.25 per warrant upon 30 days' prior written notice beginning six months after the date of this prospectus, provided that our common stock has closed at a price at least equal to 250% of the initial public offering price of the units for at least five consecutive trading days. Initially the common stock and the Class A warrant will only be quoted as part of a unit for a minimum of 30 days unless the representative of the underwriters determines that an earlier date is acceptable. No later than the 45 th  day following the date of this prospectus, the common stock and the warrants will be quoted separately, and the units will no longer be quoted.

        We will notify our security holders regarding the separation of our units through the issuance of a press release and publication of a report on Form 8-K in advance of the date our units separate and the common stock and the Class A warrants begin to be quoted separately.

        Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our units, common stock or the Class A warrants. We anticipate that the units, common stock and the Class A warrants will be quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board. As of July 27, 2011, an application to have our securities quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board has been filed with FINRA.

         Investing in these units involves a high degree of risk. You should purchase these securities only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. We have not yet been profitable and have a history of losses. See "Risk Factors" on pages 6-16 for factors you should consider before buying our securities.

         NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ("SEC") NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

       
 
 
  Per Unit
  Total
 

Initial public offering price

  $               $            
 

Underwriting discount(1)

  $               $            
 

Proceeds to us, before expenses

  $               $            

 

(1)
For a description of the compensation to be received by the underwriters in addition to the underwriting discount, see the "Underwriting," section of this prospectus.

        To the extent the underwriters sell more than 7,000,000 units, the underwriters have the option to purchase up to an additional 1,050,000 units at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discount, for up to 45 days from the date of this prospectus.

        We have also agreed to pay Paulson Investment Company, Inc., the representative of the underwriters of this offering, a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 3% of the total public offering price for the units offered by this prospectus and to issue to Paulson a warrant to purchase 700,000 units identical to the units offered by this prospectus, having an exercise price per unit equal to 120% of the unit public offering price. The representative's warrants will be exercisable at any time beginning one year after the effective date of the registration statement, of which this prospectus is part, and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the effective date.

PAULSON INVESTMENT COMPANY, INC.



The date of this Prospectus is                        , 2011.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
  Page  

Prospectus Summary

    3  

Risk Factors

    6  

Risks Relating to Vanguard

    6  

Risks Relating to the Oil and Gas Industry

    8  

Risks Relating to this Offering and Our Securities

    12  

Dividend Policy

    18  

Forward-Looking Statements

    18  

Use of Proceeds

    19  

Capitalization

    20  

Dilution

    21  

Management's Discussion and Analysis and Plan of Operation

    22  

Business

    26  

Management

    33  

Related Party Transactions

    37  

Principal Shareholders

    38  

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

    39  

Underwriting

    42  

Description of Securities

    45  

Legal Matters

    48  

Experts

    48  

Glossary of Oil and Gas Terms

    48  

Where You Can Find More Information

    49  

Index to Financial Statements

    F-1  

         Until                                , 2011 (90 days after the commencement of this offering), all dealers that buy, sell or trade our units, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This delivery requirement is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

        No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the units offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. No action is being taken in any jurisdiction outside the United States to permit a public offering of our securities or the possession or distribution of this prospectus in any such jurisdiction. Persons who come into possession of this prospectus in jurisdictions outside of the United States are required to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions as to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus applicable in that jurisdiction.

        The information in this prospectus may only be accurate as of the date appearing on the cover page of this prospectus, regardless of the time this prospectus is delivered or our units are sold.

        Notice to California investors:     Each purchaser of securities in California must meet one of the following suitability standards: (1) liquid net worth (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles) of at least $250,000, plus annual gross income of at least $65,000; or (2) liquid net worth (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles) of at least $500,000, regardless of annual gross income; (3) liquid net worth (inclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles) of at least $1,000,000, regardless of annual gross income; or (4) annual gross income of at least $200,000.

        Notice to Oregon investors:     Each purchaser of securities in Oregon must meet one of the following suitability standards: (1) a minimum annual gross income of $100,000 and a minimum net worth of $100,000 exclusive of automobile, home, and home furnishings; or (2) a minimum net worth of $350,000, exclusive of automobile, home and home furnishings.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

         This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. It does not contain all of the information you should consider before purchasing our units. Therefore, you should read the prospectus in its entirety, including the risk factors and the financial statements and related footnotes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. References to "we," "us," "our," "Vanguard" or "the company" generally refer to Vanguard Energy Corporation, a Colorado corporation.

        See the "Glossary" section of this prospectus for the definition of terms pertaining to the oil industry which are used in this prospectus.


Vanguard Energy Corporation

        We are an early-stage independent energy company engaged in the acquisition and development of leases in or near established oil-producing areas. We plan to build our cash flow and oil reserves through a focused acquisition and development program by:

        Although we have been in operation for a relatively short period of time:

        With the net proceeds from this offering, we plan to continue the development of our leases in the Batson Dome Field. We also plan to acquire additional leases adjacent to the Batson Dome Field or in other areas of East Texas. We believe that, based on past field production, geology, and our actual experience with the oil wells on our Batson Dome leases, there is an opportunity for the drilling of a number of additional oil wells on our leases. We are continuing to add to our lease position at the field and are implementing a new 3-D seismic analysis of the entire area with the goal of gaining additional potential drilling prospects in the area.

        We were incorporated in Colorado in June 2010. Our executive offices are located at 1330 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 1600 Houston, Texas 77056. Our telephone number is (713) 627-2500 and our fax number is (713) 963-4663. Our website address is www.vanguardenergycorp.com . Information contained in and accessible through our website is not part of this prospectus. We conduct business in Texas through our wholly owned subsidiary VE Corporation.

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The Offering

Securities offered

  7,000,000 units. Each unit consists of one share of common stock and one Class A warrant.

 

The common stock and the Class A warrants will be quoted only as a unit for a minimum of 30 days and, in the discretion of the representative, up to 45 days following the date of this prospectus, after which the common stock and the Class A warrant will each be quoted separately, and the units will no longer be quoted. We will notify our security holders regarding the separation of our units through the issuance of a press release and publication of a report on Form 8-K in advance of the date our units separate and the common stock and the Class A warrants begin to be quoted separately.

Class A warrants

 

The Class A warrant included in the units will be exercisable at any time after they become quoted separately and until either they are redeemed or they expire in accordance with their terms on the fifth anniversary of the date of this prospectus. The exercise price of a Class A warrant is $                  (150% of the initial public offering price of the unit). Beginning six months after the date of this prospectus, the Class A warrants will be redeemable at our option for $0.25 per warrant upon 30 days' prior written notice, at any time after our common stock has closed at a price which is at least equal to 250% of the initial public offering price of the units for at least five consecutive trading days. The Class A warrants may only be redeemed if we have a current and effective registration statement available covering the exercise of the warrants.

Common stock outstanding after this offering

 

14,865,822 shares

Use of proceeds

 

Drill and complete oil wells and for general corporate purposes.

OTC Bulletin Board symbols for our units, common stock, and Class A warrants had not been issued as of July 25, 2011.

        The number of shares of common stock outstanding after this offering is based on 7,865,822 shares outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. This number assumes no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option and does not include shares of common stock that may become outstanding as a result of the exercise of warrants or the conversion of debt. See the section of this prospectus captioned "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" for more information.

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Summary Financial Data

        You should read the following with the section of this prospectus entitled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Plan of Operations" and our financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Statement of Operations Data
  Six Months
Ended
March 31, 2011
  Period from Inception
(July 19, 2010) to
September 30, 2010
 

Revenues

  $ 397,915   $  

Operating expenses

    (769,344 )   (118,144 )

Other expenses

    (1,042,058 )    
           

Net income (loss)

  $ (1,413,487 ) $ (118,144 )
           

 

 
  March 31, 2011  
Balance Sheet Data
  Actual   Pro Forma
As Adjusted(1)
 

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 1,217,402   $ 9,138,902  

Working capital

  $ 1,096,717   $ 9,018,217  

Total assets

  $ 5,424,736   $ 13,346,236  

Total liabilities

  $ 5,105,278   $ 5,105,278  

Stockholders' equity

  $ 319,458   $ 8,240,958  

(1)
Our pro forma as adjusted balance sheet at March 31, 2011 reflects proceeds received from the sale of 7,000,000 units in this offering by us at an initial public offering price of $1.35 per unit, after deducting the underwriting discount, the representative's non-accountable expense allowance, and the estimated offering expenses payable by us.

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RISK FACTORS

         Investors should be aware that this offering involves certain risks, including those described below, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock. We do not make, nor have we authorized any other person to make, any representation about the future market value of our common stock. In addition to the other information contained in this prospectus, the following factors should be considered carefully in evaluating an investment in our securities.


Risks Relating to Vanguard

We have a limited operating history, we may never be profitable and have a history of losses.

        We have been in operation for less than a year. We have not been profitable to date and, as of the six months ended March 31, 2011, have incurred net losses of $1,413,487. The first well we drilled began producing in January 2011. We face all of the risks inherent in a new business, including:

There can be no assurance that we can implement our business plan, that our operations will ultimately generate a profit, or that the securities sold in this offering will have any value.

        If we have not made adequate allowances for the costs and risks associated with our expansion or if our systems, procedures or controls are not adequate to support our operations, our business could be harmed.

Since some of our officers plan to devote only a portion of their time to our business, our chances of being profitable will be less than if we had full-time management.

        As of the date of this prospectus, we have four officers. Three of these officers (Michael Fraim, Delton Drum and Steven Powers) are employed at other privately-held companies, and their other responsibilities could take precedence over their duties to us. The time Dr. Fraim intends to devote to our business, which we anticipate will be approximately 10% of his time, will be based upon our need for his services in the area of petroleum engineering. The time Mr. Drum plans to devote to our business, which we anticipate will be approximately 10% of his time, will primarily be based on the number of wells his company, C.F.O., Inc., operates for us. Steven Powers plans to devote approximately 40% of his time to our business. As explained in the section of this prospectus captioned "Related Party Transactions" C.F.O. Inc. has a 10% working interest in our leases in the Batson Dome Field. None of our other officers or directors are employed with any other company which has an interest in the Batson Dome Field.

Our drilling program in the Batson Dome Field relies heavily on preliminary drilling results from four wells.

        As of the date of this prospectus, we have successfully drilled and completed four wells which indicate the presence of proved reserves in the Batson Dome Field. There is no assurance that the additional wells we plan to drill in this field will encounter commercially productive reserves. Our future performance over the next twelve months will be affected by the results of our drilling in the Batson Dome Field.

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Our lack of diversification will increase the risk of an investment in our securities.

        Our current focus involves a limited number of acres in the Batson Dome Field. In the past, some wells drilled in the Batson Dome Field have experienced problems due to sand and water incursions. Although we use new screening technology which prevents sand accumulation in the well bores and allows for the recovery of more oil from mature fields, larger companies have the ability to manage their risk by diversification. However, we currently lack diversification, in terms of both the nature and geographic scope of our business. As a result, we will likely be impacted more acutely by factors affecting our industry or the region in which we operate than we would if our business was more diversified.

We may be unable to pay our outstanding convertible notes.

        In November and December 2010, we sold convertible notes in the principal amount of $3,400,000. The notes bear interest at 8% per year and mature on October 31, 2012. The notes are secured by the oil and gas leases acquired, and any oil or gas wells drilled on the leases, with the proceeds from the sale of the notes. If our drilling program is not successful, or we are unable to raise additional capital, we will be unable to make interest or principal payments on the notes.

Our failure to obtain capital may significantly restrict our proposed operations.

        We may need to raise more capital to expand our business. Future sources of capital may not be available to us when we need it or may be available only on unacceptable terms. We do not have any commitments or arrangements from any person to provide us with any additional capital.

        Any future sale of our equity securities would dilute the ownership of existing stockholders. Our inability to obtain the capital that we need may slow the implementation of or result in the failure of our business plan which, in turn, may result in the decline in the value of our securities, if not a total loss to investors. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain any capital which we will need.

The loss of any of our executive officers could adversely affect our business .

        We depend to a large extent on the efforts and continued employment of our executive officers and the loss of the services of any of our executive officers could adversely affect our business. We do not carry keyman life insurance on any of our executive officers.

Rapid growth may place significant demands on our resources.

        We anticipate expansion of our operations. If achieved, our anticipated future growth will place a significant demand on our managerial, operational and financial resources due to:

Actions of joint venture partners could negatively impact our performance.

        We may enter into joint venture arrangements with third parties in the future whereby the third party will acquire portions of our leasehold interests in prospective wells. Such arrangements may involve risks not otherwise present with a leasehold interest solely owned and operated by us, including, for example, the following possibilities: our venture partner might become bankrupt; the venture

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partner may at any time have economic or business interests or goals which are, or which become, inconsistent with our business interests or goals; such venture partner may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives; we may incur liabilities as a result of an action taken by such venture partner; or disputes between us and a venture partner may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and directors from focusing their time and effort on our business.


Risks Relating to the Oil and Gas Industry

A substantial decrease in oil prices would have a material impact on us.

        Our future financial condition and results of operations are affected by the prices we receive for our oil production. Oil prices historically have been volatile and likely will continue to be volatile in the future. This price volatility may also affect the prices of our securities. We cannot predict oil prices, and prices may decline in the future. The following factors have an influence on oil prices:

        Significant declines in oil prices for an extended period may have the following effects on our business:

Increased oil prices may result in difficulty in obtaining equipment and services.

        Higher oil prices and increased oil drilling activity, such as those currently experienced in the oil industry, generally stimulate demand and result in increased prices and unavailability of drilling rigs, crews, associated supplies, equipment and services. Shortages could result in increased costs, delays in timing of anticipated development or cause interests in our oil leases to lapse. We cannot be certain that we will be able to implement our drilling plans at costs that we have estimated or which will be acceptable to us.

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The potential profitability of oil properties depends upon factors beyond our control.

        The potential profitability of our oil properties is dependent upon many factors beyond our control. For instance, world prices and markets for oil are unpredictable, highly volatile, potentially subject to governmental fixing, pegging, controls or any combination of these and other factors, and respond to changes in domestic, international, political, social and economic environments. Additionally, due to worldwide economic uncertainty, the availability and cost of funds for production and other expenses have become increasingly difficult, if not impossible, to project. These changes and events may materially affect our financial performance. In addition, a productive well may become commercially unproductive in the event that water or other deleterious substances are encountered which impair or prevent the production of oil from the well. In addition, production from any well may be unmarketable if it is impregnated with water or other deleterious substances. These factors cannot be accurately predicted and the combination of these factors may result in us not receiving an adequate return on invested capital.

Oil exploration is not an exact science, and involves a high degree of risk.

        The primary risk lies in the drilling of dry holes or drilling and completing wells which, though productive, do not produce oil in sufficient amounts to return the amounts expended and produce a profit. Hazards, such as unusual or unexpected formation pressures, downhole fires, blowouts, loss of circulation of drilling fluids and other conditions are involved in drilling and completing oil wells, and if such hazards are encountered, completion of any well may be substantially delayed or prevented. In addition, adverse weather conditions can hinder or delay operations, as can shortages of equipment and materials or unavailability of drilling, completion, and/or work-over rigs. Even though a well is completed and is found to be productive, water and/or other substances may be encountered in the well, which may impair or prevent production or marketing of oil from the well.

        Because the completion of oil wells only occurs after formations which hold oil or gas have been encountered, it is, to a certain extent, less risky than drilling for oil with its attendant uncertainty as to whether relevant amounts of oil exist at all. However, the process of completing an oil well is nevertheless associated with considerable risk. In addition, even if a well is completed as a producer, the well for a variety of reasons may not produce sufficient oil in order to repay our investment in the well.

Competition in the oil industry is intense, and we are smaller and have a more limited operating history than many of our competitors.

        We compete with major integrated oil and gas companies and independent oil and gas companies in all areas of our operation. In particular, we compete for property acquisitions and for the equipment and labor required to operate and develop our properties. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources than we have. In addition, larger competitors may be able to absorb the burden of any changes in federal, state and local laws and regulations more easily than we can, which would adversely affect our competitive position. These competitors may be able to pay more for exploratory prospects and may be able to define, evaluate, bid for and purchase a greater number of properties and prospects than we are capable of. Further, our competitors may have technological advantages and may be able to implement new technologies more rapidly than we can. Our ability to explore oil prospects and to acquire additional properties in the future will depend on our ability to conduct operations, to evaluate and select suitable properties and to consummate transactions in this highly competitive environment. In addition, most of our competitors have operated for a much longer time than we have and have demonstrated the ability to operate through industry cycles.

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Interests that we may acquire in oil properties may be subject to royalty and overriding royalty interests, liens incident to operating agreements, liens for current taxes and other burdens and encumbrances, easements and other restrictions, any of which may subject us to future undetermined expenses or losses.

        Although we normally obtain title reports for oil leases we acquire, we have not in the past obtained, and we may not in the future obtain, title opinions pertaining to leases. A title report shows the history of a particular oil and gas lease, as shown by the records of the county clerk and recorder, state oil or gas commission, or the Bureau of Land Management, depending on the nature of the lease. In contrast, in a title opinion, an attorney expresses an opinion as to the persons or persons owning interests in a particular oil and gas lease. It is possible that at some point we will have to undertake title work involving substantial costs and we may suffer significant losses if titles to our leases are defective.

Our operations involve risks and uncertainties associated with drilling for, and production and transportation of oil, all of which can affect our operating results.

        Our operations may be materially curtailed, delayed or canceled as a result of numerous factors, including:

        Also, our ability to market oil production depends upon numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

We do not insure against all potential losses and could be materially impacted by uninsured losses.

        Our operations are subject to the risks inherent in the oil and natural gas industry, including the risks of fire, explosions, blow-outs, pipe failure, abnormally pressured formations and environmental accidents, such as oil spills, gas leaks, salt water spills and leaks, ruptures or discharges of toxic gases. If any of these risks occur in our operations, we could experience substantial losses due to:

        In accordance with customary industry practice, we maintain insurance against some, but not all, of the risks described above with a general liability limit of $1,000,000. We do not maintain insurance for damages arising out of exposure to radioactive material. Our policies are subject to limitations and

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exceptions that could cause us to be unprotected against some material risks involved in our business, such as environmental damage and regulatory penalties. The occurrence of an uninsured loss could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Unless we successfully replace the reserves that we produce, our reserves will decline, resulting eventually in a decrease in oil production and lower revenues and cash flows from operations.

        The business of exploring for, developing or acquiring reserves is capital intensive. We may not be able to make the necessary capital investment to maintain or expand our oil reserves if cash flows from operations are reduced, due to lower oil prices or otherwise, or if external sources of capital become limited or unavailable. In addition, our drilling activities are subject to numerous risks, including the risk that no commercially productive oil reserves will be encountered. We also expect that we will continue to acquire oil and gas leases. We cannot assure you that we can successfully acquire any new leases, that we will be able to acquire producing oil properties that contain economically recoverable reserves or that any future acquisition will be profitably integrated into our operations.

Our operations will be affected from time to time and in varying degrees by political developments and federal and state laws and regulations regarding the development, production and sale of crude oil and natural gas.

        These regulations require permits for drilling of wells and also cover the spacing of wells, the prevention of waste, and other matters. Rates of production of oil and gas have for many years been subject to federal and state conservation laws and regulations and the petroleum industry is subject to federal tax laws. In addition, the production of oil or gas may be interrupted or terminated by governmental authorities due to ecological and other considerations. Compliance with these regulations may require a significant capital commitment by and expense to us and may delay or otherwise adversely affect our proposed operations.

        From time to time legislation has been proposed relating to various conservation and other measures designed to decrease dependence on foreign oil. No prediction can be made as to what additional legislation may be proposed or enacted. Oil and gas producers may face increasingly stringent regulation in the years ahead and a general hostility towards the oil and gas industry on the part of a portion of the public and of some public officials. Future regulation will probably be determined by a number of economic and political factors beyond our control or the oil and gas industry.

        On June 23, 2011, 28 member countries of the International Energy Agency agreed to release 60 million barrels of oil, including 30 million barrels from the United States' Strategic Petroleum Reserve, in the subsequent months in response to the ongoing disruption of oil supplies from Libya.

Our activities will be subject to existing federal and state laws and regulations governing environmental quality and pollution control.

        Compliance with environmental requirements and reclamation laws imposed by federal, state, and local governmental authorities may necessitate significant capital outlays and may materially affect our earnings. It is impossible to predict the impact of environmental legislation and regulations (including regulations restricting access and surface use) on our operations in the future although compliance may necessitate significant capital outlays, materially affect our earning power or cause material changes in our intended business. In addition, we may be exposed to potential liability for pollution and other damages.

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We may incur write-downs of the net book values of our oil properties which would adversely affect our shareholders' equity and earnings.

        The full cost method of accounting, which we follow, requires that we periodically compare the net book value of our oil properties, less related deferred income taxes, to a calculated "ceiling". The ceiling is the estimated after-tax present value of the future net revenues from proved reserves using a 10% annual discount rate and using constant prices and costs. Any excess of net book value of oil properties is written off as an expense and may not be reversed in subsequent periods even though higher oil and gas prices may have increased the ceiling in these future periods. A write-off constitutes a charge to earnings and reduces shareholders' equity, but does not impact our cash flows from operating activities. Future write-offs may occur which would have a material adverse effect on our net income in the period taken, but would not affect our cash flows. Even though such write-offs do not affect cash flow, they can be expected to have an adverse effect on the price of our publicly traded securities.


Risks Related to this Offering and Our Securities

There is no public market for our units, common stock or public warrants, and an active market may not develop or be maintained, which could limit your ability to sell our securities.

        Before this offering, there has not been a public market for our units, common stock or public warrants. Our securities are expected to be quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board, but an active public market for our securities may not develop or be sustained after this offering. The initial public offering price will be determined by negotiations between the underwriters and us and may not be representative of the market price at which our units will be quoted after this offering. In particular, we cannot assure you that you will be able to resell our units or the common stock and public warrants that are a component of the units at or above the initial public offering price.

        In order for our securities to be quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board, a market maker must file a Form 211 on our behalf with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA") for each security, and FINRA must approve the quotation of each security prior to quotation. Although Paulson Investment Company, Inc., a market maker and the representative of the underwriters of this offering, has agreed to file Forms 211 with FINRA on our behalf, we cannot assure you that the Forms 211 will be timely reviewed or approved by FINRA. Our failure to receive FINRA's approval for the quotation of our securities on or promptly after the date of this prospectus could significantly delay the public trading of our securities.

Because we are seeking a limited offering qualification in California, sales of our common stock will be limited in California.

        We are seeking a limited offering qualification of our common stock in California. If the offering is approved in California on the basis of such limited offering qualification, in the absence of any other exemptions, offers and sales of our common stock can only be made to proposed California purchasers based on their meeting certain suitability standards. The California Department of Corporations refers to and has specified this standard as "super suitability" and it requires that California investors meet at least one of the following criteria: (1) liquid net worth (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles) of at least $250,000, plus annual gross income of at least $65,000; or (2) liquid net worth (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles) of at least $500,000, regardless of annual gross income; (3) liquid net worth (inclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles) of at least $1,000,000, regardless of annual gross income; or (4) annual gross income of at least $200,000. If the offering is approved in California on the basis of a limited offering qualification, we will not have to demonstrate compliance with some of the merit regulations of the California Department of Corporations as found in Title 10, California Code of Regulations, Rule 260.140 et seq. In addition, the

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exemptions for secondary trading in California available under California Corporations Code Section 25104(h) will be withheld, although there may be other exemptions to cover private sales in California of a bona fide owner for his own account without advertising and without being effected by or through a broker dealer in a public offering.

Management will retain a significant interest in our company after this offering and may have interests that differ from our other stockholders.

        Upon completion of this offering, and assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option to purchase additional units, our officers and directors will own approximately 28% of our outstanding common stock (assuming none of the options which they hold are exercised and no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option). Management could, for the foreseeable future, have significant influence over our management and affairs and may be able to control virtually all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and significant corporate transactions such as mergers or other sales of our company or assets. In addition, the concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.

If we do not maintain an effective registration statement or comply with applicable state securities laws, our warrantholders may not be able to exercise the public warrants.

        For the holders of our public warrants to be able to exercise their warrants, the shares of our common stock to be issued upon exercise of those warrants must be covered by an effective and current registration statement and qualify or be exempt under the securities laws of the state or other jurisdiction in which the warrantholders reside. We can give no assurance that we will be able to continue to maintain a current registration statement relating to the shares of our common stock underlying the public warrants or that an exemption from registration or qualification will be available throughout their term. This may have an adverse effect on demand for the public warrants and the prices that can be obtained from reselling them. In addition, this potential inability to exercise the public warrants because we do not have a current and effective registration statement could result in purchasers of units in this offering paying full price for the units solely to acquire the underlying shares of common stock.

While the public warrants are outstanding, it may be more difficult to raise additional equity capital.

        During the term that the public warrants are outstanding, the holders of the public warrants will be given the opportunity to profit from a rise in the market price of our common stock. We may find it more difficult to raise additional equity capital while these public warrants are outstanding. At any time during which these public warrants are likely to be exercised, we may be able to obtain additional equity capital on more favorable terms from other sources.

The redemption of the public warrants issued in this offering may require potential investors to sell or exercise the public warrants at a time that may be disadvantageous for them.

        At any time beginning six months after the date of this prospectus, provided that our common stock has closed at a price at least equal to 250% of the initial public offering price of the units for at least five consecutive trading days, we may redeem the outstanding public warrants, in whole or in part, upon not less than 30 days' notice, at a price of $0.25 per warrant. The terms of our warrants prohibit us from redeeming them unless we have a current and effective registration statement available covering the exercise of the warrants. If we exercise our right to redeem the public warrants, they will be exercisable until the close of business on the date fixed for redemption in such notice. If any warrant called for redemption is not exercised by such time, it will cease to be exercisable, and the

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holder thereof will be entitled only to the redemption price of $0.25 per warrant. Notice of redemption of the public warrants could force holders to exercise the warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for them to do so or to sell the warrants at the current market price when they might otherwise wish to hold the warrants or accept the redemption price, which is likely to be substantially less than the market value of the warrants at the time of redemption.

Future sales or the potential for future sales of shares of our common stock may cause the price of our common stock and public warrants to decline and could impair our ability to raise capital through subsequent equity offerings.

        Approximately 53% of our outstanding common stock will be held by our current stockholders following this offering (approximately 49% if the over-allotment option is exercised in full). If our existing stockholders sell a large number of shares of our common stock following this offering, the market price of our common stock could decline significantly. This decline could, in turn, have a negative impact on the market price of our warrants. In addition, the perception in the public market that our existing stockholders might sell shares of common stock could depress the market price of our common stock, regardless of the actual plans of our existing stockholders. These sales could also make it more difficult for us to sell shares of our common stock or equity-related securities in the future.

        Following this offering, 14,865,822 shares of our common stock will be outstanding, or 15,915,822 shares if the underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full. All of the shares (4,875,000) held by our officers and directors are subject to a lock-up agreement restricting the sale of those shares for a period ending upon the earlier to occur of (i) one year from the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or (ii) the date on which the price for our common stock equals or exceeds $3.00 for a period of ten consecutive days of quotation on the OTC Bulletin Board. However, the underwriters may waive this restriction and allow the stockholders to sell shares at any time.

        After this offering, we intend to register up to 1,500,000 shares of common stock that will be reserved for issuance under our non-qualified stock option plan. Once we register these shares, they can be sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to restrictions under the securities laws applicable to resales by affiliates.

Anti-takeover provisions and our right to issue preferred stock could make a third-party acquisition of us difficult.

        Our articles of incorporation contain provisions that would make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, including a provision that our board of directors may issue preferred stock without stockholder approval. In addition, certain anti-takeover provisions of Colorado law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, even if such change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders.

The value of our common stock and public warrants could be volatile.

        The overall market and the price of our common stock and public warrants may fluctuate greatly. The price of our common stock and public warrants may be significantly affected by various factors, including:

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We have issued options to purchase common stock to our directors and employees that could dilute your interest in us.

        We have an aggregate of 1,500,000 shares of common stock reserved under our non-qualified stock option plan for issuance of grants and awards to our directors, executive officers, employees and consultants. As of the date of this prospectus, we have issued options to purchase an aggregate of 850,000 shares of our common stock, and options or awards to purchase up to 650,000 additional shares remain available for grant without further action by our stockholders. Issuances of common stock pursuant to the exercise of stock options or other stock grants or awards under our equity incentive plan will dilute your interest in us.

Purchasers in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution in net tangible book value.

        The initial public offering price per share is expected to be substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our outstanding common stock. Purchasers of shares in this offering will experience immediate dilution in the net tangible book value of their shares. Based on the initial public offering price of $1.35 per unit, dilution per share in this offering is $0.80 per share (or approximately 59% of the assumed per share price of shares to be sold in the unit). Further, if we issue additional equity securities to raise additional capital, your ownership interest in our company may be diluted and the value of your investment may be reduced.

We do not expect to pay any dividends for the foreseeable future.

        We do not anticipate paying any dividends to our stockholders for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, you may have to sell some or all of your common stock in order to generate cash flow from your investment. You may not receive a gain on your investment when you sell our common stock and may lose some or all of the amount of your investment. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors our board of directors deems relevant.

We could incur increased costs as a result of being a publicly traded company.

        As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ("Sarbanes-Oxley"), as well as rules subsequently implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), have required changes in corporate governance practices of public companies. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time consuming and/or costly. For example, we are adopting additional internal and disclosure controls and procedures, retaining a transfer agent and adopting corporate governance policies, as well as upgrading our computer system and software. In addition, as a public company, we will incur the internal and external costs of preparing and distributing periodic public reports in compliance with our obligations under the securities laws. We also expect these new rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance. These rules and regulations could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee, and qualified executive officers.

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        Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley requires us to include an internal control report with our annual report on Form 10-K. That report must include management's assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the fiscal year. We will be required to include this assessment beginning with our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2012. In addition, if we become what is known as an accelerated filer, our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to issue a report on management's assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and a report on its evaluation of the operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in future annual reports. The material weaknesses and any other deficiencies in internal control that we may identify in the future will need to be addressed as part of the evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting and may impair our ability to comply with Section 404. If we are not able to successfully implement internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately and timely report on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, which could adversely affect our business and investor confidence in us.

The market price of our securities may experience volatility and could decline significantly.

        We expect that important factors affecting the price of our securities will include our drilling results, prevailing oil prices and investor perceptions about future prices. In addition to these factors, considerations unrelated to our performance may have a substantial effect on our stock price, including the following:

        As a result of any of these or other factors, the market price of our securities at any given point in time may not accurately reflect our long-term value. Securities class action litigation often has been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. We may in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and damages and divert management's attention and resources.

Future sales of our common stock by our existing shareholders could decrease the price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through equity offerings.

        Prior to this offering, we had 7,865,822 outstanding shares of common stock. Sales of a large number of these shares in the public market, or the potential for such sales, could decrease the price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through future sales of our common stock.

Shares issuable upon the conversion of outstanding notes, or the exercise of outstanding warrants and options may substantially increase the number of shares available for sale in the public market and may depress the price of our common stock.

        Upon the completion of this offering, up to 16,510,000 additional shares of our common stock (or 17,560,000 additional shares if the over-allotment is exercised in full) will be issuable upon conversion or exercise of our outstanding convertible notes, options and warrants, including the Class A warrants that are part of this offering. Until the convertible notes are paid, or the options and warrants expire, the holders will have an opportunity to profit from any increase in the price of our common stock without assuming the risks of ownership. Holders of convertible notes, options and warrants may convert or exercise these securities at a time when we could obtain additional capital on terms more

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favorable than those provided by the options. The conversion of the notes or the exercise of the options and warrants will dilute the voting interest of the owners of presently outstanding shares by adding a substantial number to our common stock.

Disclosure requirements pertaining to penny stocks may reduce the level of trading activity in our securities and investors may find it difficult to sell their shares or warrants.

        Trades of our securities may be subject to Rule 15g-9 "Sales Practice Requirements for Certain Low-Priced Securities" of the Securities and Exchange Commission, which imposes certain requirements on broker-dealers who sell securities subject to the rule to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. For transactions covered by the rule, brokers-dealers must make a special suitability determination for purchasers of the securities and receive the purchaser's written agreement to the transaction prior to sale. The Securities and Exchange Commission also has rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in "penny stocks." Penny stocks generally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQ system, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in that security is provided by the exchange or system). The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the Commission that provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market and to reasonably determine that penny stocks are suitable investments for each prospective customer. The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction, and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer's account. The bid and offer quotations, and the broker-dealer and salesperson compensation information, must be given to the customer orally or in writing prior to effecting the transaction and must be given to the customer in writing before or with the customer's confirmation.

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DIVIDEND POLICY

        We have never declared or paid any dividends on our capital stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future. We currently expect to retain our future earnings, if any, for use in the operation and expansion or our business. Any future decision to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. There are currently no restrictions that limit our ability to pay dividends on our capital stock.


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

        This prospectus contains statements which, to the extent that they do not recite historical fact, constitute forward-looking statements. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and may include the words "may," "will," "could," "should," "would," "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "intend," "plan" or other words or expressions of similar meaning. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations about future events. The forward-looking statements include statements that reflect management's beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations and intentions with respect to our financial condition, results of operations, future performance and business, including statements relating to our business strategy and our current and future development plans.

        The potential risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual financial condition, results of operations and future performance to differ materially from those expressed or implied in this prospectus include:

        We urge you to review carefully this prospectus, particularly the section "Risk Factors," for a more complete discussion of the risks of an investment in our securities.

        Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Many factors discussed in this prospectus, some of which are beyond our control, will be important in determining our future performance. Consequently, actual results may differ materially from those that might be anticipated from the forward-looking statements. In light of these and other uncertainties, you should not regard the inclusion of a forward-looking statement in this prospectus as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved, and you should not place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

        We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of the 7,000,000 units that we are selling in this offering will be approximately $7,921,500, or $9,197,250 if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, based on an initial public offering price of $1.35 per unit, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discount ($945,000) and estimated offering expenses (including the non-accountable expense allowance) of approximately $583,500 payable by us.

        We currently expect to use the net proceeds from this offering as follows:

Purpose
  Amount   Percentage  

Drilling and completion expenses

  $ 7,300,000     92.2 %

Interest payments on convertible notes

    272,000     3.4 %

Working capital and general corporate purposes

    349,500     4.4 %
           

  $ 7,921,500     100 %
           

        With a majority of the proceeds from this offering, we plan, over the next 12 months, to drill and, if warranted, complete oil wells in the Batson Dome Field. We estimate that our share of cost of drilling and completing wells on our leases in the Batson Dome Field will be approximately $450,000 per well and that the cost of drilling and completing wells subject to the March 15, 2011 farmout agreement will be approximately $500,000 per well. We do not plan to use any proceeds from this offering to drill or complete any wells which are the subject of the May 25, 2011 farmout agreement.

        In November and December 2010, we sold convertible notes in the principal amount of $3,400,000. The notes are due and payable on October 31, 2012 and bear interest at 8% per year, requiring annual interest payments of $272,000. With the proceeds from the sale of the notes, we acquired leases in the Batson Dome Field ($992,000), drilled and completed four wells in the Batson Dome Field ($1,900,000), paid sales commissions relating to the sale of the notes ($340,000) and paid corporate operating expenses ($168,000).

        Our general corporate expenses include general and administrative salaries, accounting, legal and consulting fees, facilities expenses and other working capital needs.

        The projected expenditures shown above are only estimates or approximations and do not represent a firm commitment by us. For example, we may change the amount we expect to use for the following reasons:

        Based upon the foregoing, to the extent that the proposed expenditures are insufficient for the purposes indicated, supplemental amounts required may be drawn from other categories of estimated expenditures, if available. Conversely, any amounts not expended as proposed will be used for general working capital. We expect the proceeds from this offering, together with revenues generated from our business, will be sufficient to cover our anticipated capital requirements for at least the next 12 months.

        Until we are able to apply the net proceeds of this offering to the uses described above, we intend to invest the proceeds in short-term, investment-grade interest-bearing securities.

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CAPITALIZATION

        The following table sets forth at March 31, 2011 (i) our actual capitalization and (ii) our capitalization on a pro forma basis, reflecting proceeds from the sale of 7,000,000 units in this offering by us at an initial public offering price of $1.35 per unit, after deducting the underwriting discount, the representative's non-accountable expense allowance, and the estimated offering expenses payable by us.

        You should read this capitalization table together with the section of this prospectus entitled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Plan of Operations" and with our financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
  March 31, 2011  
 
  Actual   Pro Forma
As Adjusted
 

Common stock, 7,865,822 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2011;

             

14,865,822 shares issued and outstanding on a pro forma basis

  $ 79   $ 149  

Additional paid-in capital

    1,851,010     9,772,440  

Accumulated deficit

    (1,531,631 )   (1,531,631 )
           

Stockholders' equity

  $ 319,458   $ 8,240,958  
           

        The information in the table above excludes shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Class A warrants, the underwriters' over allotment option, the representative's warrants or any shares issuable upon the exercise of any warrants or the conversion of any notes which were outstanding on the date of this prospectus.

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DILUTION

        Our net tangible book value at March 31, 2011 was $0.04 per share and was determined by dividing our actual net tangible book value (total book value of tangible assets less total liabilities) on that date, by the number of outstanding shares (7,865,822) on March 31, 2011.

        Our pro forma net tangible book value at March 31, 2011 was $0.55 per share and gives effect to the sale of 7,000,000 units in this offering, at an initial public offering price of $1.35 per unit, and our payment of the underwriting discount, the representative's non-accountable expense allowance, and the estimated offering expenses.

        The net proceeds from the sale of the 7,000,000 units represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value per share of $0.51 to the existing stockholders and dilution of $0.80 per share to the new investors. For purposes of the dilution calculation and the following tables, we have allocated the full purchase price of a unit to the shares of common stock included in the unit and nothing to the Class A warrants included in the unit.

        The following table illustrates this per share dilution:

 
  Amount   Percent  

Assumed initial public offering price per share

  $ 1.35        

Net tangible book value per share at March 31, 2011

  $ 0.04        

Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors

  $ 0.51     1,275 %

Pro forma as net tangible book value per share after this offering

  $ 0.55        

Dilution to new investors

  $ (0.80 )   (59.3 )%

        If the underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full, dilution per share to new investors would be $0.75 per share of common stock. The as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only and will adjust based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering.

        The following table summarizes the differences between our existing stockholders and new investors with respect to the number of shares of our common stock issuable as a component of the units being sold in this offering, the total consideration paid and the average price per share paid. The calculations with respect to shares purchased by investors in this offering reflect an initial public offering price of $1.35 per unit, before deducting the estimated underwriting discount and offering expenses payable by us:

 
  Shares Purchased   Total Consideration    
 
 
  Average Price Per Share  
 
  Number   Percent   Amount   Percent  

Existing stockholders

    7,865,822     53 % $ 1,851,089     16 % $ 0.24  

Investors in this offering

    7,000,000     47 %   9,450,000     84 % $ 1.35  
                         
 

Total

    14,865,822     100 % $ 11,301,089     100 %      
                         

        If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, our existing stockholders would own approximately 49% and our new investors would own approximately 51% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this offering.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
AND PLAN OF OPERATION

        The following discussion analyzes and summarizes the results of our operations and our financial condition for the period from inception (June 21, 2010) to March 31, 2011. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements as of September 30, 2010 and for the period from inception through September 30, 2010 and our audited financial statements as of March 31, 2011 and for the six-month period then ended, included as part of this prospectus.

Results of Operations

        We were incorporated in Colorado on June 21, 2010 and commenced operations on July 19, 2010. We are in the early stages of implementing our business plan.

        In December 2010, we acquired two producing and three shut-in oil wells in the Batson Dome Field. As of July 15, 2011, the two wells were producing approximately three barrels of oil per day, net to our 63% net revenue interest. As of July 15, 2011, two shut-in wells were being reworked. We estimate the costs of reworking all three shut-in wells will be $375,000.

        As of July 15, 2011, we had drilled and completed four wells in the Batson Dome Field. Our share of the costs of drilling and completing these wells was approximately $1,900,000. As of July 15, 2011, these four wells were collectively producing approximately 120 barrels of oil per day. Each of these wells has shown multiple potentially productive zones at depths ranging from 2,100 to 3,700 feet.

        Operating expenses, requiring cash, for the period from inception (June 21, 2010) to March 31, 2011 consisted primarily of:

        The factors that will most significantly affect our future operating results will be:

        Our revenues will also be significantly affected by our ability to maintain and increase oil production.

        We expect to report losses until such time, if ever, that we generate significant revenue from oil sales.

        Other than the foregoing and the matters addressed in the "Risk Factors" section of this prospectus, we do not know of any trends, events or uncertainties that have had, or are reasonably expected to have, a material impact on our revenues or expenses.

        See the "Business" section of this prospectus for information concerning our plan of operation following the completion of this offering.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

        In July 2010, we sold 4,900,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $0.001 per share to our officers and directors and third parties. In July, August, and September, 2010, we sold 1,012,500 shares of our common stock to a group of private investors at a price of $0.40 per share.

        In November and December 2010, we sold 34 units in a private offering at a price of $100,000 per unit. Each unit consisted of one promissory note in the principal amount of $100,000 and 50,000 Series A warrants. At any time after April 30, 2011, the notes can be converted into shares of our common stock, initially, at a conversion price of $1.00 per share. Each Series A warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of our common stock at a price of $4.00 per share at any time on or before October 31, 2014. The notes bear interest at 8% per year, requiring annual interest payments of $272,000.

        The promissory notes, which have an outstanding principal balance of $3,400,000, are due and payable on October 31, 2012. We anticipate using future revenues, or the proceeds from future production-based financing, to repay the outstanding principal amount that remains unconverted and outstanding on the maturity date of the notes.

        In February and March 2011, we sold 1,500,000 units at a price of $1.00 per unit. Each unit consisted of one share of our common stock and one Series C warrant. Each Series C warrant allows the holder to purchase one share of our common stock at a price of $2.00 per share.

        In March 2011, we issued 453,322 shares of our common stock to a placement agent upon the exercise of warrants which had an exercise price of $0.10 per share.

        Our sources and (uses) of funds from our inception (June 21, 2010) through September 30, 2010, and for the six months ended March 31, 2011, are shown below:

 
  Inception Through
September 30, 2010
  Six Months
Ended
March 31, 2011
 

Cash used in operations

  $ (171,099 ) $ (198,606 )

Acquisition of oil properties and equipment

    (40,000 )   (309,247 )

Drilling and completion costs

    (41,865 )   (2,043,355 )

Debt issuance costs

        (422,774 )

Sale of common stock

    409,900     1,385,344  

Repayment of notes(1)

        (642,753 )

Sale of convertible notes

        3,400,000  

(1)
These notes were issued during 2010 in connection with the acquisition of leases in the Batson Dome field.

        As of July 15, 2011, our operating expenses were approximately $100,000 per month, which amount includes salaries and other corporate overhead, but excludes lease operating expenses.

        By agreement dated March 15, 2011, we entered into a farmout agreement with an unrelated third party pertaining to a 100-acre lease in the Batson Dome Field. Pursuant to the agreement, we have the option to commence drilling a well on the lease by August 15, 2011. Subject to the commencement of drilling the first well by August 15, 2011, we have the option of drilling additional wells on the lease, subject to certain conditions. We estimate the cost of drilling and completing any well on this lease will be approximately $500,000. See the "Business" section of this prospectus for more information.

        By agreement dated May 25, 2011, we entered into a farmout agreement with a second unrelated third party pertaining to another 100-acre lease in the Batson Dome Field. Pursuant to the agreement, we have the obligation to commence drilling a well on the lease by May 25, 2012. Subject to the commencement of drilling the first well by May 25, 2012, and completing the well if warranted, we have

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the option of drilling additional wells on the lease; provided however, that unless we commence drilling each well within 180 days of the date we complete or abandon the latest well drilled, our right to drill any additional wells on the lease will terminate. We estimate the cost of drilling and completing any well on this lease will be approximately $1,000,000.

        With a majority of the proceeds from this offering, we plan, over the next 12 months, to drill and, if warranted, complete oil wells in the Batson Dome Field. We estimate that our share of cost of drilling and completing wells on our leases in the Batson Dome Field will be approximately $450,000 per well and that the cost of drilling and completing wells subject to the March 15, 2011 farmout agreement will be approximately $500,000 per well. We do not plan to use any proceeds from this offering to drill or complete any wells which are the subject of the May 25, 2011 farmout agreement.

        See the "Use of Proceeds" section of this prospectus for more information concerning our intended use of the proceeds from this offering.

        Any cash generated by our operations, after payment of general, administrative and lease operating expenses, will be used to drill and, if warranted, complete oil wells, acquire oil and gas leases covering lands which we believe are favorable for the production of oil, and to fund working capital reserves. Our capital expenditure plans are subject to periodic revision based upon the availability of funds and expected return on investment.

        We expect that our principal source of cash flow will be from the sale of crude oil reserves which are depleting assets. Cash flow from the sale of oil production depends upon the quantity of production and the price obtained for the production. An increase in prices will permit us to finance our operations to a greater extent with internally generated funds, may allow us to obtain equity financing more easily or on better terms, and lessens the difficulty of obtaining financing. However, price increases heighten the competition for oil prospects, increase the costs of exploration and development, and, because of potential price declines, increase the risks associated with the purchase of producing properties during times that prices are at higher levels.

        A decline in oil prices (i) will reduce our cash flow which in turn will reduce the funds available for exploring for and replacing oil reserves, (ii) will increase the difficulty of obtaining equity and debt financing and worsen the terms on which such financing may be obtained, (iii) will reduce the number of oil prospects which have reasonable economic terms, (iv) may cause us to permit leases to expire based upon the value of potential oil reserves in relation to the costs of exploration, (v) may result in marginally productive oil wells being abandoned as non-commercial, and (vi) may increase the difficulty of obtaining financing. However, price declines reduce the competition for oil properties and correspondingly reduce the prices paid for leases and prospects.

        We plan to generate profits by drilling productive oil wells. However, we plan to obtain the funds required to drill, and if warranted, complete new wells (including any wells pertaining to our farmout agreements) with any net cash generated by our operations, through the sale of our securities, from loans from third parties or from third parties willing to pay our share of the cost of drilling and completing the wells. We do not have any commitments or arrangements from any person to provide us with any additional capital. We may not be successful in raising the capital needed to drill oil wells. Any wells which may be drilled by us may not produce oil.

        Other than as disclosed above, we do not know of any:

    Trends, demands, commitments, events or uncertainties that will result in, or that are reasonably likely to result in, any material increase or decrease in our liquidity; or

    Significant changes in our expected sources and uses of cash.

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Contractual Obligations

        Our material future contractual obligations as of March 31, 2011 were as follows:

 
  Total   2011   2012   2013   2014   Thereafter  

Convertible notes

  $ 3,400,000       $ 3,400,000              

Office lease

  $ 13,000   $ 13,000                  

Accounting Policies

        See Note 2 to the financial statements included as part of this prospectus for a description of our critical accounting policies and the potential impact of the adoption of any new accounting pronouncements.

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BUSINESS

Batson Dome Field

        Pursuant to three agreements, we acquired oil and gas leases covering 230 acres in the Batson Dome Field in Hardin County, Texas. In the first agreement, and in consideration for the assignment of a 40% working interest (32% net revenue interest) in leases covering 220 acres, we paid $40,000 in cash and issued a promissory note in the principal amount of $285,668. In the second agreement, and in consideration for the assignment of a 50% working interest (40% net revenue interest) in leases covering the same 220 acres, we paid $50,000 in cash and issued a promissory note in the principal amount of $357,085. The notes associated with the first and second agreements bore interest at 8% per year and were repaid in December 2010. In the third agreement, and in payment of $259,247 in cash, we acquired a 90% working interest in 10 acres adjacent to the 220 acres described above, as well as a 90% working interest (63% net revenue interest) in two producing oil wells and three shut- in wells located on the 10- acre lease. The leases and wells subject to the first and third agreements were acquired from C.F.O., Inc., a corporation controlled by Delton Drum, one of our officers. C.F.O., Inc. owns the remaining 10% working interest in the leases covering the 230 acres.

        By agreement dated March 15, 2011, we entered into a farmout agreement with an unrelated third party pertaining to a 100-acre lease in the Batson Dome Field. Pursuant to the agreement, we have the option to commence drilling a well on the lease by August 15, 2011. Subject to the commencement of drilling the first well by August 15, 2011, we have the option of drilling additional wells on the lease; provided however, that if we do not drill at least six wells in any twelve month period our right to drill any additional wells on the lease will terminate. For each well drilled, we will receive a partial assignment of the lease covering the two acres surrounding the well. We will have a 100% working interest (75% net revenue interest) in any wells we drill on the leased acreage. We estimate the cost of drilling and completing any well on this lease will be approximately $500,000. As of June 15, 2011, we had not commenced any drilling operations on the lease subject to the farmout agreement.

        By agreement dated May 25, 2011, we entered into a farmout agreement with a second unrelated third party pertaining to another 100-acre lease in the Batson Dome Field. Pursuant to the agreement, we have the obligation to commence drilling a well on the lease by May 25, 2012. Subject to the commencement of drilling the first well by May 25, 2012, and completing the well if we consider it to be productive of oil, we have the option of drilling additional wells on the lease; provided, however, that unless we commence drilling each well within 180 days of the date we complete or abandon the latest well drilled, our right to drill any additional wells on the lease will terminate. For each well drilled, we will receive a partial assignment of the lease covering the acreage surrounding the well. We will have a 100% working interest (75% net revenue interest) in any wells we drill on the leased acreage. We estimate the cost of drilling and completing any well on this lease will be approximately $1,000,000. As of June 15, 2011, we had not commenced any drilling operations on the lease subject to the farmout agreement.

        The unrelated third party has the right to purchase any oil produced from any wells drilled on the lease. If the third party exercises this right, the price for any oil purchased will be based upon the price posted by the third party, or in the alternative, the market price for oil in the area, after deduction for costs of gathering, storing, dehydrating, treating, processing and transporting the oil.

        The Batson Dome Field is located in Hardin County, Texas approximately 50 miles northeast of Houston, and has multiple production zones. The oil produced from the field is light, sweet, high-quality crude with a specific gravity of 21 to 35 degrees. This field lies in flat wooded areas which allow easy access for the drilling and maintenance of wells. There are no significant man-made improvements other than oil wells and related equipment. There are no nearby residences.

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        The Batson Dome Field draws oil and negligible amounts of gas from an anhydrite and limestone reservoir in a caprock structure above a salt dome in the Miocene and Oligocene formations. Along with three other highly prolific salt dome fields—Spindletop, Sour Lake, and Humble—the Batson Dome Field helped to establish the basis of the Texas oil industry when these shallow fields produced the first Texas Gulf Coast oil.

        A salt dome is a mushroom-shaped structure made of salt, commonly having an overlying caprock. Salt domes form as a consequence of the relative buoyancy of salt when buried beneath other types of sediment. The salt flows upward to form salt domes, sheets, pillars and other structures. Oil is commonly found in and around salt domes due to the abundance and variety of traps created by salt movement and the excellent sealing capabilities of salt.

        The Batson Dome Field was first drilled in the early 1900s. The salt in the Batson Dome rises to a depth of approximately 800 feet at the cap of the dome, where the first oil was discovered in very shallow wells. Alternating sands and shales form oil reservoirs in the sand dipping away from the cap on all sides of the dome down to a depth of over 7,000 feet. The field has produced oil and a negligible amount of gas from an anhydrite and limestone reservoir in the cap as well as the Miocene and Frio Sands at depths of 400-4,000 feet and the Yegua Sands below 7,000 feet. Since no secondary or enhanced recovery has been attempted over the years, we believe there are opportunities for recovery of substantial undrained reserves through the drilling of new wells with closer spacing and the re-entry of old well bores in currently producing areas.

        As mentioned above, we acquired two producing and three shut-in oil wells in the Batson Dome Field. As of July 15, 2011, the two wells were producing approximately three barrels of oil per day, net to our 63% net revenue interest. The three shut-in wells will need to be reworked, at an estimated cost of $125,000 per well, before they can be returned to production. As of July 15, 2011, two of the shut-in wells were being reworked.

        With the proceeds from the prior private sales of our securities, as of July 15, 2011, we had drilled and completed four wells in the Batson Dome Field. Our share of the costs of drilling and completing these wells was approximately $1,900,000. As of July 15, 2011, these wells were collectively producing approximately 120 barrels per day of oil. Each well has shown multiple potentially productive zones at various depths. In the event production from one zone falls off materially, we have the opportunity to open another zone to compensate for the decline.

        With a portion of the proceeds from this offering, we plan on drilling and, if warranted, completing additional wells in the Batson Dome Field. The wells will be drilled to a depth of approximately 3,000 to 4,000 feet to the Frio formation. Each well will take approximately ten days to drill and complete. Our share of the drilling and completion costs for each well is estimated to be approximately $450,000. We will have a 90% working interest (63%-67.5% net revenue interest) in any wells we drill in the Batson Dome Field.

        Vanguard Net Profits, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (the "Fund"), has a 20% net profits interest in the four wells drilled with the proceeds from our November and December 2010 sale of convertible notes. We have a 1% interest in the Fund. The holders of the convertible notes have the remaining 99% interest. See the section of this prospectus captioned "Description of Securities—Vanguard Net Profits Fund" for more information concerning the Fund. The holders of the convertible notes also have a security interest in any leases acquired, or wells drilled, with the proceeds from the sale of the notes.

        During the period from our inception to September 30, 2010, we did not drill any oil or gas wells.

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        The following table shows, as of July 15, 2011, our producing wells, developed acreage, and undeveloped acreage, excluding service (injection and disposal) wells:

 
  Productive Wells   Developed Acreage   Undeveloped Acreage(1)  
State
  Gross   Net   Gross   Net   Gross   Net  

Texas

    6     5.4     25     22.5     205     185  

(1)
Undeveloped acreage includes leasehold interests on which wells have not been drilled or completed to the point that would permit the production of commercial quantities of natural gas and oil regardless of whether the leasehold interest is classified as containing proved undeveloped reserves.

        The following table shows, as of July 15, 2011, the status of our gross acreage:

State
  Held by Production   Not Held by Production  

Texas

    230      

        Acres that are Held by Production remain in force so long as oil or gas is produced from one or more wells on the particular lease. Leased acres that are not Held By Production require annual rental payments to maintain the lease until the first to occur of the following: the expiration of the lease or the time oil or gas is produced from one or more wells drilled on the leased acreage. At the time oil or gas is produced from wells drilled on the leased acreage, the lease is considered to be Held by Production.

Proved Reserves

        Below are estimates of our net proved reserves as of March 31, 2011, net to our interest. All of our proved reserves are located in Texas.

        Estimates of volumes of proved reserves at March 31, 2011 are presented in barrels (Bbls) for oil and, for natural gas, in millions of cubic feet (Mcf) at the official temperature and pressure bases of the areas in which the gas reserves are located.

 
  Oil
(Bbls)
  Gas
(Mcf)
 

Proved Developed:

             
 

Producing

    53,087      
 

Non-Producing

    54,583      

Proved Undeveloped

    413,439      
           

    521,109      
           

        "Bbl" refers to one stock tank barrel, or 42 U.S. gallons liquid volume, in reference to crude oil or other liquid hydrocarbons. "Mcf" refers to one thousand cubic feet. A BOE (i.e., barrel of oil equivalent) combines Bbls of oil and Mcf of gas by converting each six Mcf of gas to one Bbl of oil.

        Below are estimates of our present value of estimated future net revenues from our proved reserves based upon the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and gas reserves in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 932, Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas. The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows is determined by using estimated quantities of proved reserves and the periods in which they are expected to be developed and produced based on period-end economic conditions. The estimated future production is based upon benchmark prices that reflect the unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for oil and gas during the twelve months period ended March 31, 2011.

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The resulting estimated future cash inflows are then reduced by estimated future costs to develop and produce reserves based on period-end cost levels. No deduction has been made for depletion, depreciation or for indirect costs, such as general corporate overhead. Present values were computed by discounting future net revenues by 10% per year.

Future gross revenue

  $ 43,472,967  

Deductions (including estimated taxes)

    (21,625,067 )
       

Future net cash flow

  $ 21,847,900  
       

Discounted future net cash flow

  $ 17,825,475  
       

        Nova Resources, Inc. prepared the estimates of our proved reserves, future production and income attributable to our leasehold interests as of March 31, 2011. Nova is an independent petroleum engineering firm that provides petroleum consulting services to the oil and gas industry. The estimates of drilled reserves, future production and income attributable to certain leasehold and royalty interests are based on technical analysis conducted by engineers employed at Nova.

        Joseph V. Rochefort was the technical person primarily responsible for overseeing the preparation of the reserve report. Mr. Rochefort earned a Bachelor's Degree in Physics and Geophysics from Texas Christian University and a Masters Degree in Geology from Texas Tech University. Mr. Rochefort has more than 28 years of practical experience in the estimation and evaluation of petroleum reserves.

        Delton Drum, our Vice President of Field Operations, oversaw the preparation of the reserve estimates by Nova. Mr. Drum has over 30 years experience in oil and gas exploration and development, with over 15 years of experience in the Batson Dome Field. We do not have a reserve committee and we do not have any specific internal controls regarding the estimates of our reserves.

        Our proved reserves include only those amounts which we reasonably expect to recover in the future from known oil and gas reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions, at current prices and costs, under existing regulatory practices and with existing technology. Accordingly, any changes in prices, operating and development costs, regulations, technology or other factors could significantly increase or decrease estimates of proved reserves.

        Proved reserves were estimated by performance methods, the volumetric method, analogy, or a combination of methods utilizing present economic conditions and limited to those proved reserves economically recoverable. The performance methods include, decline curve analysis that utilize extrapolations of historical production and pressure data available through March 31, 2011, in those cases where such data were considered to be definitive.

        Forecasts for future production rates are based on historical performance from wells currently on production in the region with an economic cut-off for production based upon the projected net revenue being equal to the projected operating expenses. No further reserves or valuation were given to any wells beyond their economic cut-off. Where no production decline trends have been established due to the limited historical production records from wells on the properties, surrounding wells historical production records were used and extrapolated to wells of the property. Where applicable, the actual calculated present decline rate of any well was used to determine future production volumes to be economically recovered. The calculated present rate of decline was then used to determine the present economic life of the production from the reservoir.

        For wells currently on production, forecasts of future production rates were based on historical performance data. If no production decline trend has been established, future production rates were held constant, or adjusted for the effects of curtailment where appropriate, until a decline in ability to produce was anticipated. An estimated rate of decline was then applied to economic depletion of the

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reserves. If a decline trend has been established, this trend was used as the basis for estimating future production rates.

        Proved developed non-producing and undeveloped reserves were estimated primarily by the performance and historical extrapolation methods. Test data and other related information were used to estimate the anticipated initial production rates from those wells or locations that are not currently producing. For reserves not yet on production, sales were estimated to commence at a date we determined to be reasonable.

        In general, the volume of production from our oil and gas properties declines as reserves are depleted. Except to the extent we acquire additional properties containing proved reserves or conduct successful exploration and development activities, or both, our proved reserves will decline as reserves are produced. Accordingly, volumes generated from our future activities are highly dependent upon the level of success in acquiring or finding additional reserves and the costs incurred in doing so.

Future Operations

        We plan to evaluate other undeveloped oil prospects and participate in drilling activities on those prospects which, in our opinion, are favorable for the production of oil. Initially, we plan to concentrate our activities in East Texas. Our strategy is to acquire prospects in or adjacent to existing fields with further development potential and minimal risk in the same area. The extent of our activities will primarily be dependent upon available capital.

        If we believe a geographical area indicates geological and economic potential, we will attempt to acquire leases or other interests in the area. We may then attempt to sell portions of our leasehold interests in a prospect to third parties, thus sharing the risks and rewards of the exploration and development of the prospect with the other owners. One or more wells may be drilled on a prospect, and if the results indicate the presence of sufficient oil reserves, additional wells may be drilled on the prospect.

        We may also:

    acquire a working interest in one or more prospects from others and participate with the other working interest owners in drilling and if warranted, completing oil wells on a prospect;

    purchase producing oil properties; or

    enter into farmin agreements with third parties. A farmin agreement will obligate us to pay the cost of drilling, and if warranted completing a well, in return for a majority of the working and net revenue interest in the well.

        Title to properties which we may acquire will be subject to one or more of the following: royalty, overriding royalty, carried, net profits, working and other similar interests and contractual arrangements customary in the oil industry; liens for current taxes not yet due; and other encumbrances. In the case of undeveloped properties, investigation of record title will be made at the time of acquisition. Title reviews will be obtained before commencement of drilling operations.

Government Regulation

        Although our sale of oil will not be regulated, federal, state and local agencies have promulgated extensive rules and regulations applicable to our oil exploration, production and related operations. Most states, including Texas, require permits for drilling operations, drilling bonds and the filing of reports concerning operations and impose other requirements relating to the exploration of oil. Texas and other states also have statutes or regulations addressing conservation matters including provisions for the unitization or pooling of oil properties, the establishment of maximum rates of production from oil wells and the regulation of spacing, plugging and abandonment of such wells. The statutes and

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regulations of Texas and other states limit the rate at which oil is produced from wells. The federal and state regulatory burden on the oil industry increases our cost of doing business and affects our profitability. Because these rules and regulations are amended or reinterpreted frequently, we are unable to predict the future cost or impact of complying with those laws.

        As with the oil and natural gas industry in general, our properties are subject to extensive and changing federal, state and local laws and regulations designed to protect and preserve our natural resources and the environment. The recent trend in environmental legislation and regulation is generally toward stricter standards, and this trend is likely to continue. These laws and regulations often require a permit or other authorization before construction or drilling commences and for certain other activities; limit or prohibit access, seismic acquisition, construction, drilling and other activities on certain lands lying within wilderness and other protected areas; impose substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from our operations; and require the reclamation of certain lands.

        The permits required for many of our operations are subject to revocation, modification and renewal by issuing authorities. Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with their regulations, and violations are subject to fines, injunctions or both. In the opinion of our management, we are in substantial compliance with current applicable environmental laws and regulations, and we have no material commitments for capital expenditures to comply with existing environmental requirements. Nevertheless, changes in existing environmental laws and regulations or in interpretations thereof could have a significant impact on us, as well as the oil and natural gas industry in general. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA") and comparable state statutes impose strict and joint and several liabilities on owners and operators of certain sites and on persons who disposed of or arranged for the disposal of "hazardous substances" found at such sites. It is not uncommon for the neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the hazardous substances released into the environment. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ("RCRA") and comparable state statutes govern the disposal of "solid waste" and "hazardous waste" and authorize imposition of substantial fines and penalties for noncompliance. Although CERCLA currently excludes petroleum from its definition of "hazardous substance," state laws affecting our operations impose clean-up liability relating to petroleum and petroleum related products. In addition, although RCRA classifies certain oil field wastes as "non-hazardous," such exploration and production wastes could be reclassified as hazardous wastes, thereby making such wastes subject to more stringent handling and disposal requirements.

Competition and Marketing

        We will be faced with strong competition from many other companies and individuals engaged in the oil business, some of which are very large, well-established energy companies with substantial capabilities and established earnings records. We may be at a competitive disadvantage in acquiring oil prospects since we must compete with these individuals and companies, many of which have greater financial resources and larger technical staffs.

        Exploration for and the production of oil are affected by the availability of pipe, casing and other tubular goods and certain other oil field equipment including drilling rigs and tools. We will depend upon independent drilling contractors to furnish rigs, equipment and tools to drill our wells. Higher prices for oil may result in competition among operators for drilling equipment, tubular goods and drilling crews which may affect our ability expeditiously to drill, complete, recomplete and work-over wells.

        The market for oil is dependent upon a number of factors beyond our control, which at times cannot be accurately predicted. These factors include the extent of competitive domestic production and imports of oil, the availability of other sources of energy, fluctuations in seasonal supply and

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demand, and governmental regulation. In addition, there is always the possibility that new legislation may be enacted which would impose price controls or additional excise taxes upon crude oil. As of the date of this prospectus, all of our oil production was being sold to an independent oil company. The agreement with the independent oil company is on a month-to-month basis, and the price at which we sell our oil is established each month. The oil is transferred by truck from the well to a nearby refinery. We do not expect to have any difficulty in selling the oil produced from our wells in the foreseeable future.

        On June 23, 2011, 28 member countries of the International Energy Agency agreed to release 60 million barrels of oil, including 30 million barrels from the United States' Strategic Petroleum Reserve, in the subsequent months in response to the ongoing disruption of oil supplies from Libya.

        The market price for crude oil is significantly affected by policies adopted by the member nations of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ("OPEC"). Members of OPEC establish prices and production quotas among themselves for petroleum products from time to time with the intent of controlling the current global supply and consequently price levels. We are unable to predict the effect, if any, that OPEC or other countries will have on the amount of, or the prices received for, crude oil.

Employees and Offices

        As of July 15, 2011, we had one full-time employee and two part-time employees.

        Our principal offices are located at 1330 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 1600, Houston, Texas 77056. Our offices, consisting of approximately 220 square feet, are leased until August 31, 2011 at a rate of $2,595 per month. Our lease includes fully furnished offices, administrative support and covered parking.

Legal Proceedings

        We are not a party to any pending or, to our knowledge any threatened, legal proceedings.

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MANAGEMENT

Officers and Directors

        Our officers and directors are listed below, together with their ages, as of the date of this prospectus. Our directors are generally elected at our annual shareholders' meeting and hold office until the next annual shareholders' meeting, or until their successors are elected and qualified. Our executive officers are elected by our directors and serve at their discretion.

Name
  Age   Position

Warren M. Dillard

    69   President, Chief Executive, Financial and Accounting Officer and a Director

R. Gerald Bailey

    70   Chairman of the Board and a Director

Michael L. Fraim

    49   Vice President, Technology

Delton C. Drum

    54   Vice President, Field Operations

Steven M. Powers

    68   Vice President of Business Development, Secretary and a Director

Rick A. Wilber

    63   Director

John P. Barton

    67   Director

        The principal occupations of our officers and directors during the past several years are as follows:

         Warren M. Dillard has been our President, Chief Executive, Financial and Accounting Officer and a director since June 2010. Since February 2011 Mr. Dillard has been our Principal Financial and Accounting Officer. Mr. Dillard currently serves as a director of Surge Global Energy, Inc. which is a publicly traded oil and gas corporation. Since 2005, Mr. Dillard has served as the President and a director of Enercor, Inc., a private corporation involved in oil and gas exploration and development in the western United States. Mr. Dillard filed a personal bankruptcy petition in 2002 and received a discharge in July 2002. Mr. Dillard holds a degree in Accounting from Texas A & M University and an MBA in Finance from the Harvard Business School.

         R. Gerald Bailey has been our Chairman of the Board and a director since June 2010 and has approximately 45 years of experience as a petroleum engineer. Currently, Mr. Bailey is serving as chairman of BCM Energy Partners, Inc., an oil production firm. Since 1997, Mr. Bailey has served as the chairman of Bailey Petroleum, LLC, a consulting firm for oil and gas exploration and development corporations. Between 1993 and 1997, Mr. Bailey served as the President of Exxon Corporation, Arabian Gulf. He received a BS in Chemical Engineering from the University of Houston, and a MS in Chemical Engineering from New Jersey Institute of Technology.

         Michael L. Fraim, PhD. has been our Vice President for Technology since June 2010. Since 2006, Dr. Fraim has served as the Vice President, Technology for Ephraim Oil, LLC. Between 2004 and 2006, Dr. Fraim was employed by Alamos Consulting in Albuquerque, New Mexico. From time to time over the past five years, Dr. Fraim has been engaged on an independent contractor/consultant basis by various energy companies. Dr. Fraim holds a bachelor's degree, a masters degree and a PH.D degree in petroleum engineering from Texas A & M University.

         Delton C. Drum has been our Vice President for Field Operations since June 2010. Since 2003, Mr. Drum has been the President of C.F.O., Inc., an oil and gas firm involved in drilling and operating oil and gas wells. Since 1995, Mr. Drum has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Drum Equipment/Drum Oil & Gas, Inc. Mr. Drum has approximately 30 years of experience in the oil and gas industry as an operator, driller and well owner.

         Steven M. Powers has been a director since June 2010. Since February 2011, Mr. Powers has been our Vice President of Business Development and our Secretary. Since 2005, Mr. Powers has served as Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and a director of Enercor, Inc., a private corporation involved in oil

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and gas exploration and development. Prior to his association with Enercor, Mr. Powers was a real estate developer. Mr. Powers holds a degree in philosophy from the University of California at Santa Barbara as well as an MBA from the University of California at Los Angeles.

         Rick A. Wilber has been a director since June 2010. Mr. Wilber has been a director of Synergy Resources Corporation, a publicly traded oil and gas exploration and development corporation, since September 2008. Mr. Wilber has been a Director of Ultimate Software Group Inc. since October 2002 and serves as a member of its audit and compensation committees. Since 1984, Mr. Wilber has been a private investor in, and a consultant to, numerous development stage companies. Mr. Wilber holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point.

         John P. Barton has been a director since June 2010. Since 2007, Mr. Barton has served as a managing partner of Energy Capital Partners, LLC, a venture capital firm. Since 2005, Mr. Barton has been a partner of Cambridge Energy Partners, LLC., an oil and gas investment firm. From time to time over the past five years Mr. Barton has been engaged on an independent contractor/consultant basis by various energy companies. Mr. Barton holds a degree in Economics and Finance from Millikin University.

        We believe that each of our directors' experience in oil and gas exploration and business development qualifies him to serve as one of our directors.

        Rick Wilber and John Barton are the members of our compensation committee. Our Board of Directors serves as our audit committee.

        Steven Powers, Rick Wilber and John Barton are independent, as that term is defined in Section 803 A(2) of the NYSE Amex Company Guide. Warren Dillard acts as our financial expert.

        We have adopted a code of ethics applicable to our principal executive, financial and accounting officers and persons performing similar functions.

Executive Compensation

        The following table summarizes the compensation received by our principal executive and financial officers during the period from inception (June 21, 2010) to September 30, 2010. Between June 21, 2010 and September 30, 2010, none of our executive officers received compensation in excess of $100,000.

Name and Principal Position
  Fiscal
Year
  Salary
(1)
  Bonus
(2)
  Restricted
Stock
Awards
(3)
  Option
Awards
(4)
  All
Other
Annual
Compensation
(5)
  Total  

Warren Dillard

    2010   $ 22,500                   $ 22,500  
 

President, Principal Executive,

                                           
 

Financial and Accounting Officer

                                           

R. Gerald Bailey

   
2010
 
$

9,000
   
   
   
   
 
$

9,000
 
 

Chairman of the Board

                                           

Michael Fraim

   
2010
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 

Vice President Technology

                                           

Delton Drum

   
2010
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 

Vice President Field Operations

                                           

(1)
The dollar value of base salary (cash and non-cash) earned.

(2)
The dollar value of bonus (cash and non-cash) earned.

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(3)
The value of the shares of restricted stock issued as compensation for services computed in accordance with ASC 718 on the date of grant.

(4)
The value of all stock options computed in accordance with ASC 718 on the date of grant.

(5)
All other compensation received that could not be properly reported in any other column of the table.

        The following shows the amounts we expect to pay to our officers and directors during the twelve months ending July 31, 2012 and the amount of time these persons expect to devote to us.

Name
  Projected
Compensation
  Percent of Time to be Devoted
to our Business
 

Warren Dillard

  $ 190,000     100 %

R. Gerald Bailey

  $ 120,000     25 %

Steven Powers

  $ 115,000     40 %

Rick A. Wilber

  $ 30,000     10 %

John Barton

  $ 54,000     30 %

        Michael Fraim will provide consulting services from time to time and will be compensated on the basis of actual time spent.

        Delton Drum will be compensated through his company, C.F.O., Inc., which is the operator for any wells we drill in the Batson Dome Field. We entered into an operating agreement with C.F.O., Inc. dated October 1, 2010. As operator, C.F.O., Inc. will receive $2,500 per month for each well being drilled or completed, subject to reductions for days when a well, or wells, are not being drilled. In addition, C.F.O., Inc. will be paid $250 per month for each operating well. We may remove C.F.O., Inc. for good cause if it fails to cure a default under the operating agreement within 30 days notice from us of a default. C.F.O., Inc. is required to carry insurance for our benefit and may not undertake any single project requiring an expenditure in excess of $5,000 without our prior authorization, except in the case of an emergency. The operating agreement will remain in effect so long as the oil leases covered by the agreement continue in operation.

        We have an employment agreement with Warren Dillard which provides that Mr. Dillard will be paid a base salary of $12,500 per month, plus an amount equal to the federal and state taxes that he is required to pay with respect to his base salary. The employment agreement with Mr. Dillard can be terminated at any time, by either party, upon 10 days notice, without cause.

        We have an employment agreement with R. Gerald Bailey. Pursuant to the agreement, we agree to pay Mr. Bailey $10,000 per month for seven days of work per month, and $1,000 per day for each additional day. Our agreement with Mr. Bailey is terminable at any time, by either party without cause or penalty.

        We have an employment agreement with Steven Powers. Pursuant to the agreement, Mr. Powers agrees to devote approximately 40% of his time to our business and we agree to pay him a base salary of $7,500 per month, plus an amount equal to the federal and state taxes that he is required to pay with respect to his base salary. The employment agreement with Mr. Powers can be terminated at any time, by either party, upon 10 days notice, without cause.

        We do not have any employment or compensation agreements with Rick Wilber or John Barton.

        Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan.     We have a non-qualified stock option plan which authorizes the issuance of up to 1,500,000 shares of our common stock to persons that exercise options granted pursuant to the plan. Our employees, directors, officers, consultants and advisors are eligible to be granted options pursuant to the plan, provided, however, that bona fide services must be rendered by such consultants or advisors and such services must not be in connection with the offer or sale of

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securities in a capital-raising transaction. In the future, the exercise price for options granted pursuant to the plan will not be less than 85% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant.

        The following tables show all options granted pursuant to the Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan. As of July 15, 2011, none of the options had been exercised. The options are fully vested.

Name
  Grant
Date
  Shares Issuable
Upon Exercise
of Options(1)
  Exercise
Price
  Expiration
Date
 

Warren M. Dillard

    1-10-11     200,000   $ 1.00     1-10-14  

R. Gerald Bailey

    1-10-11     200,000   $ 1.00     1-10-14  

Steven M. Powers

    1-10-11     100,000   $ 1.00     1-10-14  

Rick A. Wilber

    1-10-11     150,000   $ 1.00     1-10-14  

John P. Barton

    1-10-11     100,000   $ 1.00     1-10-14  

Ben Barton

    1-10-11     100,000   $ 1.00     1-10-14  

(1)
Any options which have not been exercised will automatically terminate upon the option holder's death, 90 days after the date the option holder voluntarily resigns as an officer, director or employee or in the event the option holder is terminated for cause. For purposes of these options, cause is defined as (i) the failure by the option holder to substantially perform his duties and obligations owed to us (other than any failure resulting from incapacity due to physical or mental illness); (ii) engaging in misconduct or a breach of fiduciary duty which is, or potentially is, materially injurious to us; (iii) commission of a felony; or (iv) the commission of a crime which is, or potentially is, materially injurious to us.

        Long-Term Incentive Plans.     We do not provide our officers or employees with pension, stock appreciation rights, long-term incentive or other plans.

        Employee Pension, Profit Sharing or other Retirement Plans.     We do not have a defined benefit, pension plan, profit sharing or other retirement plan, although we may adopt one or more of such plans in the future.

        Compensation of Directors During Period Ended September 30, 2010.     During the period ended September 30, 2010, we did not compensate our directors for acting as such.

        Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation.     Rick Wilber and John Barton are the members of our compensation committee. During the year ended September 30, 2010, both Mr. Wilber and Mr. Barton participated in deliberations concerning executive officer compensation. During the year ended September 30, 2010, none of our officers was also a member of the compensation committee or a director of another entity, which other entity had one of its executive officers serving as one of our directors.

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

        In July 2010, we sold 4,900,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $0.001 per share to our officers and directors and unrelated third parties.

        As explained in the section of this prospectus captioned "Business—Batson Dome Field," we acquired working interests in our oil and gas leases in the Batson Dome Field, as well as two producing and three shut-in oil wells, from C.F.O., Inc., a corporation controlled by Delton Drum, one of our officers. C.F.O., Inc., which retained a 10% working interest in these leases and wells, paid $200,000 for the leases and wells sold to us. As explained in the section of this prospectus captioned "Management—Executive Compensation," we pay C.F.O., Inc. to operate our oil wells. We believe that the terms of the transactions with C.F.O., Inc. were at least as favorable to us as those generally available from unaffiliated third parties. Certain state law definitions condition a director's independence upon whether or not the director also serves as an officer of ours or beneficially owns 5% or more of our common stock. According to these definitions, although the transactions with C.F.O., Inc. were fully approved by our board of directors we lacked sufficient disinterested independent directors to approve the transactions at the time the transactions were initiated.

        Other than as disclosed in this prospectus, we have not engaged in any material transactions with any of our founders, officers, directors, five percent or greater stockholders, or any affiliates of the foregoing persons (each an "Affiliated Person").

        We have not issued any preferred stock or made any loans to, or guaranteed any loans on behalf of, any Affiliated Person. In the future, we will not engage in material affiliated transactions with any Affiliated Person unless the terms of such transactions are approved by a majority of our independent directors who (i) do not have an interest in the transaction and (ii) are independent under state law definitions of independence requiring that the director neither be an officer nor beneficially own 5% or more of our common stock. Material affiliated transactions include and are not limited to the following transactions between us and any Affiliated Person: issuances of common or preferred stock to any Affiliated Person; making any loan to, or forgiving any loan with any Affiliated Person; and guaranteeing any loan on behalf of any Affiliated Person. We will enter into future material affiliated transactions only on terms that are no less favorable to us than those that can be obtained from unaffiliated third parties.

        Prior to engaging into future material affiliated transactions, we will appoint, as necessary, and maintain at least two independent directors on our board of directors who are independent under state law definitions of independence requiring that the director neither be an officer nor beneficially own 5% or more of our common stock.

        We will provide our independent directors with access to our legal counsel, at our expense, or independent legal counsel in connection with any material affiliated transaction involving our founders, officers, directors, five percent or greater stockholders, or any affiliates of the foregoing persons. Our officers, directors, and counsel will (a) conduct due diligence necessary to assure that there is a reasonable basis for our representations regarding the approval process for material affiliated transactions, and (b) consider whether to embody the representations in our articles of incorporation or bylaws.

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PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

        The following table shows the beneficial ownership of our common stock, as of July 15, 2011, and as adjusted to reflect the sale of 7,000,000 units in this offering, by (i) each person whom we know beneficially owns more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, (ii) each of our officers, (iii) each of our directors, and (iv) all the officers and directors as a group. Unless otherwise indicated, each owner has sole voting and investment powers over his shares of common stock. Unless otherwise indicated, beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and includes voting or investment power with respect to shares beneficially owned.

 
   
  Percentage of the Class
Beneficially Owned
 
 
  Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
 
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
  Before
This
Offering(1)
  After
This
Offering(1)
 

Warren M. Dillard(2)

    1,165,000 (2)(3)   14.4 %   7.7 %

1330 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 1600

                   

Houston, Texas 77056

                   

R. Gerald Bailey

   
500,000

(3)
 
6.2

%
 
3.3

%

1330 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 1600

                   

Houston, Texas 77056

                   

Michael L. Fraim

   
30,000
   
*
   
*
 

9266 N. Ventura Ave

                   

Ventura, CA 93001

                   

Delton C. Drum

   
40,000
   
*
   
*
 

2626 Royal Trail Dr.

                   

Kingwood, TX 77339

                   

Steven M. Powers(2)

   
1,065,000

(2)(4)
 
13.4

%
 
7.1

%

1999 Avenue of the Stars, Ste. 1100

                   

Los Angeles, CA 90067

                   

Rick A. Wilber

   
650,000

(5)
 
8.1

%
 
4.3

%

10360 Kestrel Street

                   

Plantation, FL 33324

                   

John P. Barton(2)

   
1,425,000

(2)(4)
 
17.9

%
 
9.5

%

1200 17 th  Street, Suite 570

                   

Denver, CO 80202

                   

All officers and directors as a group (7 persons)

   
4,875,000

(6)
 
56.6

%
 
31.2

%

*
Less than 1%

(1)
Assumes none of our outstanding notes is converted and none of our outstanding warrants is exercised.

(2)
Shares are beneficially held through trusts or other entities under the control of this beneficial owner. Includes 100,000 shares owned by Mr. Barton's wife.

(3)
Includes 200,000 shares issuable upon exercise of an option that is currently exercisable.

(4)
Includes 100,000 shares issuable upon exercise of an option that is currently exercisable.

(5)
Includes 150,000 shares issuable upon exercise of an option that is currently exercisable.

(6)
Includes 450,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options that are currently exercisable.

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

This Offering

        Upon the completion of this offering, we expect to have 14,865,822 outstanding shares of common stock. This number assumes no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option, the Class A warrants, the representative's warrants or any other outstanding options and warrants. We expect to have 15,915,822 shares of common stock outstanding if the underwriters' over-allotment is exercised in full. Of these shares, the 7,000,000 shares of common stock issued as part of the units sold in this offering (8,050,000 shares if the underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full) will be freely tradable without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, except that any shares purchased by our "affiliates," as that term is defined under the Securities Act, may generally only be sold in compliance with the limitations of Rule 144 under the Securities Act. The 7,000,000 shares of common stock underlying the Class A warrants issued as part of the units sold in this offering (8,050,000 shares of common stock in the case of the Class A warrants if the underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full) will also be freely tradable after exercise, except for shares held by our affiliates.

Outstanding Restricted Stock

        As of the date of this prospectus, we had 7,865,822 outstanding shares of common stock held by 56 shareholders. These shares are restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 and may not be sold in the absence of registration under the Securities Act unless an exemption from registration is available, including the exemption from registration offered by Rule 144. Our officers and directors, who collectively own 4,325,000 shares of our common stock, have agreed not to sell or otherwise dispose of any of their shares of common stock for a period ending upon the earlier to occur of (i) one year from the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or (ii) the date on which the price for our common stock equals or exceeds $3.00 for a period of ten consecutive days of quotation on the OTC Bulletin Board, without the prior written consent of Paulson Investment Company, Inc., the representative of the underwriters and subject to certain limited exceptions. After the expiration of the lock-up period, the 4,325,000 restricted shares subject to the lock-up may be sold in the public market pursuant to Rule 144. Under Rule 144, a person who has beneficially owned restricted shares of our common stock for at least six months would be entitled to sell their shares provided that (i) such person is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates at the time of, or at any time during the three months preceding a sale; (ii) we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), for at least 90 days before the sale; and (iii) if the sale occurs prior to satisfaction of a one-year holding period, we provide current information at the time of sale.

        Persons who have beneficially owned restricted shares of our common stock for at least six months but who are our affiliates at the time of, or at any time during the three months preceding, a sale, would be subject to additional restrictions, by which such person would be entitled to sell within any three-month period only a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of:

provided , in each case, that we have been subject to the Exchange Act periodic reporting requirements for at least three months before the sale.

        Any sales under Rule 144 by affiliates must also comply with the manner of sale, current public information and notice provisions of Rule 144.

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Additional Shares Which We May Issue

        The following shows the additional shares we may be required to issue as a result of the exercise of warrants or conversion of notes.

 
  Number of
Shares
  Note
Reference
 

Shares issuable upon exercise of Class A warrants

    7,000,000     (i )

Shares issuable upon the conversion of notes

    3,400,000     (ii )

Shares issuable upon the exercise of Series A warrants

    1,700,000     (ii )

Shares issuable upon the exercise of Series B warrants

    510,000     (ii )

Shares issuable upon the exercise of Class A warrants which will be exchanged for Series C warrants

    1,500,000     (iii )

Shares issuable upon exercise Series D warrants

    150,000     (iv )

Shares issuable upon exercise of representative's warrants

    1,400,000     (v )

Shares issuable upon exercise of stock options

    850,000     (vi )

(i)
By means of this prospectus, we are offering to sell up to 7,000,000 Units. Each Unit consists of one share of our common stock and one Class A Warrant. Each Class A warrant allows the holder to purchase one share of our common stock at a price of $            (150% of the initial public offering price of the unit) per share. The shares issuable upon the exercise of the Class A Warrants do not give effect to the potential sale of up to 1,050,000 additional Units to cover over-allotments.

(ii)
In November and December 2010, we sold 34 units, at a price of $100,000 per unit, in a private offering. Each unit consisted of one promissory note in the principal amount of $100,000 and 50,000 Series A warrants. The notes are convertible into shares of our common stock at an initial conversion price of $1.00 per share. Each Series A warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of our common stock at a price of $4.00 per share at any time on or before October 31, 2014.
(iii)
In February and March 2011, we sold 1,500,000 units at a price of $1.00 per unit in a private offering. Each unit consisted of one share of our common stock and one Series C warrant. Following the completion of this initial public offering, we plan to file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission registering the issuance of 1,500,000 Class A warrants in exchange for the 1,500,000 Series C warrants held by the investors in the private offering. By means of the same registration statement, we will register 1,500,000 shares of our common stock underlying these 1,500,000 Class A warrants.

(iv)
In connection with the private offering described in (iii) above, we paid the placement agent for the offering a commission of $150,000. We also issued the placement agent Series D warrants. The Series D warrants allow the placement agent to purchase up to 150,000 shares of our common

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(v)
We have agreed to issue to Paulson Investment Company, Inc., the representative of the underwriters of this offering, a warrant to purchase 700,000 units identical to the units offered by this prospectus, having an exercise price per unit equal to 120% of the initial unit public offering price.

(vi)
See "Management-Executive Compensation" for information concerning these options.

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UNDERWRITING

        Paulson Investment Company, Inc. is acting as the representative of the underwriters. We and the underwriters named below have entered into an underwriting agreement with respect to the units being offered. In connection with this offering and subject to certain terms and conditions, each of the underwriters named below has severally agreed to purchase, and we have agreed to sell, the number of units set forth opposite the name of each underwriter.

Underwriter
  Number of
Units
 

Paulson Investment Company, Inc. 

       
       
 

Total

    7,000,000  
       

        The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriters are obligated to purchase all of the units offered by this prospectus, other than those covered by the over-allotment option, if any units are purchased. The underwriters are offering the units when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject to a number of conditions. These conditions include, among other things, the requirements that no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the registration statement be in effect and that no proceedings for this purpose have been initiated or threatened by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

        The representative of the underwriters has advised us that the underwriters propose to offer our units to the public at the offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to selected dealers at that price less a concession of not more than $            per unit. The underwriters and selected dealers may reallow a concession to other dealers, including the underwriters, of not more than $            per unit. After completion of the public offering of the units, the offering price, the concessions to selected dealers and the reallowance to their dealers may be changed by the underwriters.

        The underwriters have informed us that they do not expect to confirm sales of our units offered by this prospectus on a discretionary basis.

        We have been advised by the representative of the underwriters that the underwriters intend to make a market in our securities but that they are not obligated to do so and may discontinue making a market at any time without notice.

        In connection with the offering, the underwriters or certain of the securities dealers may distribute prospectuses electronically.

Over-allotment Option

        Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, we have granted the underwriters an option, exercisable for 45 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an additional 1,050,000 units on the same terms as the other units being purchased by the underwriters from us. The underwriters may exercise the option solely to cover over-allotments, if any, in the sale of the units that the underwriters have agreed to purchase. If the over-allotment option is exercised in full, the total public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds to us before offering expenses will be $            , $            and $            , respectively.

Stabilization

        The rules of the SEC generally prohibit the underwriters from trading in our securities on the open market during this offering. However, the underwriters are allowed to engage in some open market transactions and other activities during this offering that may cause the market price of our

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securities to be above or below that which would otherwise prevail in the open market. These activities may include stabilization, short sales and over-allotments, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids.

Indemnification

        The underwriting agreement provides for indemnification between us and the underwriters against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and for contribution by us and the underwriters to payments that may be required to be made with respect to those liabilities. We have been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, indemnification for liabilities under the Securities Act is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Underwriters' Compensation

        We have agreed to sell the units to the underwriters at the initial offering price of $            per unit, which represents the initial public offering price of the units shown on the cover page of this prospectus less the 10% underwriting discount. The underwriting agreement also provides that Paulson Investment Company, Inc., as representative, will be paid a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 3% of the gross proceeds from the sale of the units offered by this prospectus, excluding any units purchased on exercise of the over-allotment option. We are not required to pay, or reimburse the underwriters for, the legal fees incurred by the underwriters in connection with this offering.

        On completion of this offering, we will issue to the representative of the underwriters warrants to purchase up to 700,000 units, which will be identical to the units sold in this offering. The exercise price per unit will be $            , which is equal to 120% of the offering price of the units. The representative's warrants will be exercisable at any time beginning one year after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is part, and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the effective date. In compliance with the lock-up restrictions set forth in FINRA Rule 5110(g)(1), neither the representative's warrants nor the underlying securities may be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction

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that would result in the effective economic disposition of the securities by any person for a period of one year immediately following the date of effectiveness or commencement of sales of the offering, except to any member participating in the offering and the officers or partners thereof, and only if all securities so transferred remain subject to the one-year lock-up restriction for the remainder of the lock-up period.

        The holder of these representative's warrants will have, in that capacity, no voting, dividend or other stockholder rights. Any profit realized on the sale of the units issuable upon exercise of these warrants may be deemed to be additional underwriting compensation. The securities underlying these warrants are being registered pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. During the term of these warrants, the holder thereof is given the opportunity to profit from a rise in the market price of our common stock. We may find it more difficult to raise additional equity capital while these warrants are outstanding. At any time at which these warrants are likely to be exercised, we may be able to obtain additional equity capital on more favorable terms.

        The following table summarizes the underwriting discount we will pay to the underwriters and the non-accountable expense allowance we will pay to the representative of the underwriters. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option.

 
  Per Unit   Total without
Over-Allotment
Option
  Total with
Over-Allotment
Option
 

Total underwriting discount to be paid by us

  $                

Non-accountable expense allowance

                   

Lock-Up Agreements

        Our officers and directors, who collectively own 4,325,000 shares of our common stock, have agreed that, for a period ending upon the earlier to occur of (i) one year from the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or (ii) the date on which our common stock equals or exceeds $3.00 for a period of ten consecutive days of quotation on the OTC Bulletin Board, they will not sell, contract to sell, grant any option for the sale or otherwise dispose of any of our equity securities, or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our equity securities, other than through existing Rule 10b5-1 trading plans (none of which currently exists), intra-family transfers or transfers to trusts for estate planning purposes, without the consent of Paulson Investment Company, Inc. which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. Paulson Investment Company, Inc. may consent to an early release from the 12-month lock-up period if, in its opinion, the market for the common stock would not be adversely affected by sales and in cases of an officer's or director's financial emergency. We are unaware of any officer or director who intends to ask for consent to dispose of any of our equity securities during the lock-up period.

Determination of Offering Price

        The public offering price of the units offered by this prospectus has been determined by negotiation between us and the underwriters. Among the factors considered in determining the public offering price of the units were:

    our history and our prospects;

    the industry in which we operate;

    the status and development prospects for our products and services;

    the previous experience of our executive officers; and

    the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering.

        The offering price stated on the cover page of this prospectus should not be considered an indication of the actual value of the units. That price is subject to change as a result of market conditions and other factors, and we cannot assure you that the units can be resold at or above the public offering price.

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

Units

        By means of this prospectus we are offering Units at a price of $1.35 per unit. Each Unit consists of one share of our common stock and one Class A warrant.

        Initially the common stock and the Class A warrant will only be quoted as part of a unit for a minimum of 30 days unless the representative of the underwriters determines that an earlier date is acceptable. No later than the 45 th  day following the date of this prospectus, the common stock and the warrants will be quoted separately, and the units will no longer be quoted. We will notify our security holders regarding the separation of our units through the issuance of a press release and publication of a report on Form 8-K in advance of the date our units separate and the common stock and the Class A warrants begin to be quoted separately.

        The Class A warrants will be exercisable at any time after they become quoted separately until they either are redeemed or they expire in accordance with their terms on the fifth anniversary of the date of this prospectus. The exercise price of a Class A warrant is (150%) of the initial public offering price of the unit. Beginning six months after the date of this prospectus, the Class A warrants will be redeemable at our option for $0.25 per warrant upon 30 days' prior written notice, at any time after our common stock has closed at a price which is at least equal to 250% of the initial public offering price of the units for at least five consecutive trading days. The Class A warrants may only be redeemed if we have a current and effective registration statement available covering the exercise of the warrants.

Common Stock

        We are authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of common stock. Holders of common stock are each entitled to cast one vote for each share held of record on all matters presented to shareholders. Cumulative voting is not allowed; hence, the holders of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock can elect all directors.

        Holders of common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by our Board out of funds legally available and, in the event of liquidation, to share pro rata in any distribution of our assets after payment of liabilities. Our directors are not obligated to declare a dividend. It is not anticipated that dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future.

        Holders of common stock do not have preemptive rights to subscribe to any additional shares we may issue in the future. There are no conversion, redemption, sinking fund or similar provisions regarding the common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable.

Other Warrants

        See "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" for information concerning our other outstanding warrants.

Convertible Notes

        In November and December 2010, we sold convertible notes in the principal amount of $3,400,000 in a private transaction to accredited investors. The notes bear interest at 8% per year and mature on October 31, 2012. Interest is payable quarterly. At the holder's option, the notes can be converted into shares of our common stock, initially at a conversion price of $1.00 per share. With the proceeds from the sale of the notes, we acquired leases in the Batson Dome Field ($992,000), drilled and completed four wells in the Batson Dome Field ($1,900,000), paid sales commissions relating to the sale of the notes ($340,000) and paid corporate operating expenses ($168,000). We anticipate using future

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revenues, or the proceeds from future production-based financing, to repay the outstanding principal amount that remains unconverted and outstanding on the maturity date of the notes.

        Except for "exempt issuances," if we sell any additional shares of common stock or any securities convertible into common stock, at a price below the then applicable conversion price, the conversion price will be lowered to the price at which the shares were sold or the lowest price at which the securities are convertible, as the case may be. The conversion price will also be proportionately adjusted in the event of any stock split, or capital reorganization. Exempt issuances are:

        We may repay the notes, without penalty, upon 20 days written notice to the note holders if:

        The notes are secured by the oil and gas leases acquired, and any oil or gas wells drilled on the leases, with the proceeds from the sale of the notes.

        Any of the following are an event of default the occurrence of which could cause the notes to become immediately due and payable:

Vanguard Net Profits LLC

        Vanguard Net Profits, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (the "LLC"), has a 20% net profits interest in all wells drilled (estimated to be four wells) with the proceeds from our November and December sale of convertible notes. The net profits interest will be proportionately reduced in the event our working interest in a well is less than 90%. We have a 1% interest in the LLC. The 34 holders of the convertible notes described above have the remaining 99% interest. The LLC does not provide us with any management or other services.

        The term "net profits interests" means the gross revenues derived from the sale of our share of any oil or gas produced from any wells drilled with the proceeds from the convertible note offering, less our share of all costs and expenses associated with the wells, including:

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        Upon any sale of any well drilled with the proceeds from the convertible note offering, or upon our liquidation or dissolution, the LLC will receive 20% of the net amount received from the sale of the well, multiplied by our working interest in the well.

        At any time, and in our sole discretion, we may purchase the net profits interests held by the LLC for $3,400,000.

Preferred Stock

        We are authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Shares of preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series as may be determined by our Board of Directors. The voting powers and preferences, the relative rights of each such series and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions of each series will be established by the Board of Directors. Our directors may issue preferred stock with multiple votes per share and dividend rights which would have priority over any dividends paid with respect to the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock with these rights may make the removal of management difficult even if the removal would be considered beneficial to shareholders generally, and will have the effect of limiting shareholder participation in transactions such as mergers or tender offers if these transactions are not favored by our management. As of the date of this prospectus we had not issued any shares of preferred stock.

Transfer Agent, Warrant Agent and Registrar

        Our transfer agent and registrar for our common stock and the warrant agent for our public warrants is:

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LEGAL MATTERS

        The validity of the issuance of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for the company by Hart & Trinen, LLP, Denver, Colorado. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Holland & Knight, LLP, Portland, Oregon.


EXPERTS

        The financial statements of Vanguard Energy Corporation as of March 31, 2011 and September 30, 2010, and for the six-month period ended March 31, 2011 and the period July 19, 2010 (inception of development stage) through September 30, 2010 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of Briggs & Veselka Co., an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

        The statements of revenues and direct operating expenses of the Batson Dome wells, which were acquired from C.F.O., Inc. by Vanguard Energy Corporation, for the period from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009 and the period from January 1, 2010 to December 15, 2010 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of Briggs & Veselka Co., an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

        The information appearing in this prospectus with respect to our proved reserves as of March 31, 2011 was estimated by Nova Resources, Inc., independent petroleum engineers, and is included in this prospectus on the authority of such firm as experts in petroleum engineering.


GLOSSARY OF OIL AND GAS TERMS

        DEVELOPED ACREAGE. The number of acres that are allocated or assignable to productive wells or wells capable of production.

        DISPOSAL WELL. A well employed for the reinjection of salt water produced with oil into an underground formation.

        HELD BY PRODUCTION. A provision in an oil, gas and mineral lease that perpetuates an entity's right to operate a property or concession as long as the property or concession produces a minimum paying quantity of oil or gas.

        INJECTION WELL. A well employed for the injection into an underground formation of water, gas or other fluid to maintain underground pressures which would otherwise be reduced by the production of oil or gas.

        LANDOWNER'S ROYALTY. A percentage share of production, or the value derived from production, which is granted to the lessor or landowner in the oil and gas lease, and which is free of the costs of drilling, completing, and operating an oil or gas well.

        LEASE. Full or partial interests in an oil and gas lease, authorizing the owner thereof to drill for, reduce to possession and produce oil and gas upon payment of rentals, bonuses and/or royalties. Oil and gas leases are generally acquired from private landowners and federal and state governments. The term of an oil and gas lease typically ranges from three to ten years and requires annual lease rental payments of $1.00 to $2.00 per acre. If a producing oil or gas well is drilled on the lease prior to the expiration of the lease, the lease will generally remain in effect until the oil or gas production from the well ends. The owner of the lease is required to pay the owner of the leased property a royalty which is usually between 12.5% and 16.6% of the gross amount received from the sale of the oil or gas produced from the well.

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        LEASE OPERATING EXPENSES. The expenses of producing oil or gas from a formation, consisting of the costs incurred to operate and maintain wells and related equipment and facilities, including labor costs, repair and maintenance, supplies, insurance, production, severance and other production excise taxes.

        NET ACRES OR WELLS. A net well or acre is deemed to exist when the sum of fractional ownership working interests in gross wells or acres equals one. The number of net wells or acres is the sum of the fractional working interests owned in gross wells or acres expressed as whole numbers and fractions.

        NET REVENUE INTEREST. A percentage share of production, or the value derived from production, from an oil or gas well and which is free of the costs of drilling, completing and operating the well.

        OVERRIDING ROYALTY. A percentage share of production, or the value derived from production, which is free of all costs of drilling, completing and operating an oil or gas well, and is created by the lessee or working interest owner and paid by the lessee or working interest owner to the owner of the overriding royalty.

        PRODUCING PROPERTY. A property (or interest therein) producing oil or gas in commercial quantities or that is shut-in but capable of producing oil or gas in commercial quantities. Interests in a property may include working interests, production payments, royalty interests and other non-working interests.

        PROSPECT. An area in which a party owns or intends to acquire one or more oil and gas interests, which is geographically defined on the basis of geological data and which is reasonably anticipated to contain at least one reservoir of oil, gas or other hydrocarbons.

        PROVED RESERVES. Proved oil and gas reserves are the estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions (prices and costs held constant as of the date the estimate is made).

        SHUT-IN WELL. A well which is capable of producing oil or gas but which is temporarily not producing due to mechanical problems or a lack of market for the well's oil or gas.

        UNDEVELOPED ACREAGE. Lease acres on which wells have not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit the production of commercial quantities of oil and gas regardless of whether or not such acreage contains proved reserves. Undeveloped acreage should not be confused with undrilled acreage which is "Held by Production" under the terms of a lease.

        WORKING INTEREST. A percentage of ownership in an oil and gas lease granting its owner the right to explore, drill and produce oil and gas from a tract of property. Working interest owners are obligated to pay a corresponding percentage of the cost of leasing, drilling, producing and operating a well. After royalties are paid, the working interest also entitles its owner to share in production revenues with other working interest owners, based on the percentage of the working interest owned.


WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

        In connection with the units offered by this prospectus, we have filed a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act of 1933 with the SEC. This prospectus, filed as part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement and the accompanying exhibits and schedules. For further information with respect to our units, shares and warrants, and us, you should refer to the registration statement and the accompanying exhibits. Statements contained in this prospectus regarding the contents of any contract or any other document are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the copy of the contract or other document filed

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as an exhibit to the registration statement, each statement being qualified in all respects by the actual contents of the contract or other document referred to. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement and the accompanying exhibits without charge at the Securities and Exchange Commission's public reference facilities, Room 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, and you may obtain copies of all or any part of the registration statement from those offices for a fee. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference facilities by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically. The address of the site is http://www.sec.gov.

        We intend to furnish our stockholders with annual reports containing financial statements audited by our independent registered public accounting firm.

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Audited Financial Statements as of September 30, 2010 and for the Period July 19, 2010 (Inception of Development Stage) through September 30, 2010; and as of March 31, 2011 and for the six months then ended:

       
 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   
F-2
 
 

Balance Sheets

    F-3  
 

Statements of Operations

    F-4  
 

Statements of Stockholders' Equity

    F-5  
 

Statements of Cash Flows

    F-6  
 

Notes to the Financial Statements

    F-7  

Historical Financial Statements of the Batson Dome Wells for the Period from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009 and the Period from January 1, 2010 to December 15, 2010:

       
 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   
F-22
 
 

Statements of Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses

    F-23  
 

Notes to Statements of Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses

    F-24  

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Statements:

       
 

Introduction

   
F-28
 
 

Unaudited Pro Forma Statements of Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2010

    F-29  
 

Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses for the Six Months Ended March 31, 2011

    F-30  
 

Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of Revenues and Operations and Direct Operating Expenses

    F-31  

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Vanguard Energy Corporation

        We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Vanguard Energy Corporation ("the Company") as of March 31, 2011 and September 30, 2010 and the related statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the six month period ended March 31, 2011 and the period July 19, 2010 (inception of development stage) through September 30, 2010. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based upon our audits.

        We conducted our audits in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States of America). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

        In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2011 and September 30, 2010, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the six month period ended March 31, 2011 and the period July 19, 2010 (inception of development stage) through September 30, 2010, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ Briggs & Veselka Co.

Briggs & Veselka Co.
A Professional Corporation
Certified Public Accountants
Bellaire, Texas

May 5, 2011

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

BALANCE SHEETS

 
  March 31,
2011
  September 30,
2010
 

ASSETS

 

Current assets

             

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 1,217,402   $ 156,936  

Accounts receivables

    330,282     4,900  

Deposit

        50,000  
           

Total current assets

    1,547,684     211,836  

Property and equipment

             

Oil and gas, on the basis of full cost accounting:
Proved properties

    2,369,998      
 

Unproved properties and properties under development, not being amortized

    978,887     367,533  

Less: accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization

    (49,271 )    
           

Total property and equipment

    3,299,614     367,533  

Debt issuance costs

   
466,700
   
 

Other assets

    110,738      
           

Total assets

  $ 5,424,736   $ 579,369  
           

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 

Current liabilities

             

Accounts payable

  $ 339,706   $ 1,945  

Other liabilities

    111,261      

Note payable

        285,668  
           

Total current liabilities

    450,967     287,613  
           

Notes payable, net of discount of $710,716 and $0

    2,689,284      

Participation liability

    737,886      

Conversion feature liability

    749,918      

Warrant liabilities

    456,367      

Asset retirement obligations

    20,856      
           

Total liabilities

    5,105,278     287,613  
           

Commitments and contingencies

         

Stockholders' equity

             

Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding

         

Common stock, $0.00001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized, 7,865,822 and 5,912,500 shares issued and outstanding

    79     59  

Additional paid-in capital

    1,851,010     409,841  

Accumulated deficit

    (1,531,631 )   (118,144 )
           

Total stockholders' equity

    319,458     291,756  
           

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

  $ 5,424,736   $ 579,369  
           

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 
  Six Months
Ended
March 31, 2011
  July 19, 2010
(Inception) to
September 30, 2010
 

Revenues

             
 

Oil and gas sales

  $ 397,915   $  

Costs and expenses

             
 

Lease operating expense

    76,123      
 

Production taxes

    18,013      
 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

    49,271      
 

Asset retirement obligation accretion

    1,052      
 

General and administrative

    577,772     107,033  
 

Other

    47,113     11,111  
           

Total costs and expenses

    769,344     118,144  
           

Loss from operations

    (371,429 )   (118,144 )
           

Other income (expense)

             
 

Interest income

    826      
 

Interest expense

    (196,435 )    
 

Change in fair value of warrant and conversion feature liabilities

    (846,449 )    
           

Total other income (expense)

    (1,042,058 )    
           

Loss before income taxes

    (1,413,487 )   (118,144 )

Provision for income taxes

   
   
 
           

Net loss

  $ (1,413,487 ) $ (118,144 )
           

Loss per share—Basic and diluted

  $ (0.22 ) $ (0.02 )
           

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 
  Common Stock    
   
   
 
 
  Additional
Paid In
Capital
  Accumulated
Deficit
  Total
Stockholders'
Equity
 
 
  Shares   Amount  

Balance at July 19, 2010 (Inception)

      $   $   $   $  

Issuance of common stock

    5,912,500     59     409,841         409,900  

Net loss

                (118,144 )   (118,144 )
                       

Balance at September 30, 2010

    5,912,500   $ 59   $ 409,841   $ (118,144 ) $ 291,756  

Stock-based compensation

            243,731         243,731  

Exercise of warrants

    453,322     5     181,299         181,304  

Issuance of common stock

    1,500,000     15     1,016,139         1,016,154  

Net loss

                (1,413,487 )   (1,413,487 )
                       

Balance at March 31, 2011

    7,865,822   $ 79   $ 1,851,010   $ (1,531,631 ) $ 319,458  
                       

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 
  Six Months
Ended
March 31, 2011
  July 19, 2010
(Inception) to
September 30, 2010
 

Cash flows from operating activities

             

Net loss

  $ (1,413,487 ) $ (118,144 )

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operating activities:

             
 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

    49,271      
 

Amortization of debt issuance costs

    100,065      
 

Asset retirement obligation accretion

    1,052      
 

Accretion of long-term debt discount

    55,129      
 

Stock-based compensation expense

    243,731      
 

Change in fair value of warrant and conversion feature liabilities

    846,449      
 

Change in operating assets and liabilities:

             
   

Accounts receivables

    (325,382 )   (4,900 )
   

Deposit

    50,000     (50,000 )
   

Other assets

    (2,595 )    
   

Accounts payable

    85,900     1,945  
   

Other liabilities

    111,261      
           

Net cash from operating activities

    (198,606 )   (171,099 )
           

Cash flows from investing activities

             
 

Purchase of oil and gas properties

    (309,247 )   (40,000 )
 

Capital expenditures on oil and gas properties

    (2,043,355 )   (41,865 )
           

Net cash from investing activities

    (2,352,602 )   (81,865 )
           

Cash flows from financing activities

             
 

Debt issuance costs

    (422,774 )    
 

Pre-issuance equity offering costs

    (108,143 )    
 

Proceeds from issuance of common stock

    1,340,055     409,900  
 

Proceeds from exercise of warrants

    45,289      
 

Repayment of note payable

    (642,753 )    
 

Proceeds from issuance of notes payable

    3,400,000      
           

Net cash from financing activities

    3,611,674     409,900  
           

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

    1,060,466     156,936  

Cash and cash equivalents

             
 

Beginning of period

    156,936      
           
 

End of period

  $ 1,217,402   $ 156,936  
           

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION

        Organization —Vanguard Energy Corporation (the "Company") was organized under the laws of the State of Colorado on June 21, 2010. The Company commenced operations on July 19, 2010 and is engaged in the acquisition, development and operation of onshore oil and gas properties in Texas.

        Development Stage Entity —The Company operated as a development stage enterprise until December 31, 2010 and, as such, its financial statements are no longer prepared in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 915, Development Stage Entities . For the period July 19, 2010 (inception of development stage) through December 31, 2010, the Company accumulated development stage losses of $290,543.

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

        Basis of Presentation —The Company's fiscal year-end is September 30 th . The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). A summary of the significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements follows.

        Management Estimates —The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as certain financial statement disclosures. While management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from these estimates.

        Cash and Cash Equivalents —The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity date of three (3) months or less to be cash equivalents.

        Oil and Gas Properties —The Company follows the full cost accounting method to account for oil and natural gas properties, whereby costs incurred in the acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas reserves are capitalized. Such costs include lease acquisition, geological and geophysical activities, rentals on nonproducing leases, drilling, completing and equipping of oil and gas wells and administrative costs directly attributable to those activities and asset retirement costs. Disposition of oil and gas properties are accounted for as a reduction of capitalized costs, with no gain or loss recognized unless such adjustment would significantly alter the relationship between capital costs and proved reserves of oil and gas, in which case the gain or loss is recognized to income.

        The capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, excluding unevaluated and unproved properties, are amortized as depreciation, depletion and amortization expense using the units-of-production method based on estimated proved recoverable oil and gas reserves.

        The costs associated with unevaluated and unproved properties, initially excluded from the amortization base, relate to unproved leasehold acreage, wells and production facilities in progress and wells pending determination of the existence of proved reserves, together with capitalized interest costs for these projects. Unproved leasehold costs are transferred to the amortization base with the costs of drilling the related well once a determination of the existence of proved reserves has been made or upon impairment of a lease. Costs associated with wells in progress and completed wells that have yet to be evaluated are transferred to the amortization base once a determination is made whether or not

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)


proved reserves can be assigned to the property. Costs of dry wells are transferred to the amortization base immediately upon determination that the well is unsuccessful.

        All items classified as unproved property are assessed on a quarterly basis for possible impairment or reduction in value. Properties are assessed on an individual basis or as a group if properties are individually insignificant. The assessment includes consideration of various factors, including, but not limited to, the following: intent to drill; remaining lease term; geological and geophysical evaluations; drilling results and activity; assignment of proved reserves; and economic viability of development if proved reserves are assigned. During any period in which these factors indicate an impairment, the cumulative drilling costs incurred to date for such property and all or a portion of the associated leasehold costs are transferred to the full cost pool and become subject to amortization.

        Under full cost accounting rules for each cost center, capitalized costs of evaluated oil and gas properties, including asset retirement costs, less accumulated amortization and related deferred income taxes, may not exceed an amount (the "cost ceiling") equal to the sum of (a) the present value of future net cash flows from estimated production of proved oil and gas reserves, based on current economic and operating conditions, discounted at ten percent (10%), plus (b) the cost of properties not being amortized, plus (c) the lower of cost or estimated fair value of any unproved properties included in the costs being amortized, less (d) any income tax effects related to differences between the book and tax basis of the properties involved. If capitalized costs exceed this limit, the excess is charged to earnings.

        Given the volatility of oil and gas prices, it is reasonably possible that the estimate of discounted future net cash flows from proved oil and gas reserves could change in the near term. If oil and gas prices decline in the future, even if only for a short period of time, it is possible that impairments of oil and gas properties could occur. In addition, it is reasonably possible that impairments could occur if costs are incurred in excess of any increases in the present value of future net cash flows from proved oil and gas reserves, or if properties are sold for proceeds less than the discounted present value of the related proved oil and gas reserves.

        Revenue Recognition —Oil and gas sales result from undivided interests held by the Company in oil and gas properties. Sales of oil and gas produced from oil and gas operations are recognized when the product is delivered to the purchaser and title transfers to the purchaser. The Company had no natural gas sales imbalance positions at March 31, 2011. Charges for gathering and transportation are included in production expenses.

        Asset Retirement Obligations —The Company records asset retirement obligations ("ARO") associated with its oil and gas wells when those assets are placed in service. The corresponding cost is capitalized as part of the carrying amount of oil and gas properties and is depleted over the useful life of the properties. Subsequently, the ARO liability is accreted to its then-present value.

        Inherent in the fair value calculation of an ARO are numerous assumptions and judgments including the ultimate settlement amounts, inflation factors, credit adjusted discount rates, timing of settlement, and changes in the legal, regulatory, environmental and political environments. To the extent future revisions to these assumptions impact the fair value of the existing ARO liability, a corresponding adjustment is made to the oil and gas property balance. Settlements greater than or less than amounts accrued as ARO are recorded as a gain or loss upon settlement.

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

        Capitalized Interest —Interest is capitalized as part of the historical cost of developing and constructing assets for significant projects. Significant oil and gas investments in unproved properties, significant exploration and development projects for which depreciation, depletion and amortization expense is not currently recognized, and exploration or development activities that are in progress qualify for interest capitalization. Interest is capitalized until the asset is ready for service. Capitalized interest is determined by multiplying the Company's weighted-average borrowing cost on debt by the average amount of qualifying costs incurred. Once an asset subject to interest capitalization is completed and placed in service, the associated capitalized interest is expensed through depreciation or impairment, along with other capitalized costs related to that asset.

        Debt Issuance Costs —Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of long-term debt are capitalized and amortized over the term of the related debt.

        Participation Liability —The participation liability associated with outstanding long-term debt is recorded at fair value as determined utilizing a present value factor of 10 applied to proved developed reserves. Payments made for the participation liability are reported as interest expense. Changes in the fair value of the participation liability are recorded as additions or deductions to the discount on the long-term debt.

        Conversion Feature Liability and Warrant Liabilities —The conversion feature liabilities and warrant liabilities and are recorded at fair value based upon valuation models utilizing relevant factors such as expected life, estimated volatility, risk-free interest and expected dividend rate. Changes in the fair value of these liabilities are reported in the statements of operations.

        Share-Based Compensation —The Company accounts for employee share-based compensation using the fair value method. The fair value attributable to share options is calculated based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model and is amortized to expense over the service period which is equivalent to the time required to vest the share options.

        Income Taxes —Income taxes are provided based on the liability method for financial reporting purposes. Under this method deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

        Uncertain tax positions are recognized in the financial statements only if that position is more likely than not of being sustained upon examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

        The Company is required to file federal income tax returns in the United States and in various state and local jurisdictions. Initial filings of the Company's income tax returns have not been made since the Company was organized on June 21, 2010. The Company's periodic tax returns will be subject to examination by taxing authorities in the jurisdictions in which it operates in accordance with the normal statutes of limitations in the applicable jurisdiction.

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

        Earnings (Loss) Per Share —Basic earnings (loss) per share have been calculated based upon the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. The weighted-average number of common shares outstanding used in the computations of earnings (loss) per share was 6,468,301 for the six months ended March 31, 2011 and 5,570,205 for the period from inception through September 30, 2010. The calculation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the six months ended March 31, 2011 excludes 4,710,000 shares issuable pursuant to outstanding warrants and stock options because their effect is anti-dilutive. For the period from inception through September 30, 2010, the Company had no dilutive instruments outstanding.

        Concentration of Credit Risk —The Company is subject to credit risk resulting from the concentration of its oil and natural gas receivables with significant purchasers. One purchaser accounted for all of the Company's oil and gas sales revenues for the six month period ended March 31, 2011. The Company does not require collateral. While the Company believes its recorded receivable will be collected, in the event of default the Company would follow normal collection procedures. The Company does not believe the loss of this purchaser would materially impact its operating results as oil and gas are fungible products with well-established markets and numerous purchasers.

        At times, the Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. Management monitors the credit ratings and concentration of risk with these financial institutions on a continuing basis to safeguard cash deposits.

        Fair Value Measurements —The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, other receivables, accounts payable and short-term borrowings, as reflected in the balance sheets, approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. The estimated fair value of long-term debt was determined by discounting future cash flows using rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. The Company calculated that the estimated fair value of the long term debt is not significantly different than the carrying value of the debt. The participation liability associated with outstanding long-term debt was determined by utilizing a present value factor of 10 applied to proved developed reserves associated with the wells drilled with the proceeds of the notes.

        Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or price paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Inputs used in determining fair value are classified for disclosure purposes according to a hierarchy that prioritizes those inputs based upon the degree to which they are observable. The three levels of the fair-value-measurement hierarchy are as follows:

    Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

    Level 2—Inputs reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or the liability; or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

    Level 3—Unobservable inputs reflecting the Company's own assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to determine fair value. These assumptions are required to be consistent with market participant assumptions that are reasonably available.

        In determining fair value, the Company utilizes observable market data when available, or models that incorporate observable market data. In addition to market information, the Company incorporates transaction-specific details that, in management's judgment, market participants would take into account in measuring fair value. The Company utilizes the most observable inputs available for the valuation technique employed. If a fair value measurement reflects inputs at multiple levels within the hierarchy, the fair-value measurement of both financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities are characterized based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

        Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements —In December 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-28 which amends Intangibles—Goodwill and Other . The ASU modifies Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test for reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. For those reporting entities, they are required to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. An entity should consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that impairment may exist. The qualitative factors are consistent with the existing guidance in Topic 350, which requires that goodwill of a reporting unit be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances changes that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. ASU 2010- 28 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2010. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

        In December 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-29 which address diversity in practice about the interpretation of the pro forma revenue and earnings disclosure requirements for business combinations. This ASU specifies that if a public entity presents comparative financial statements, the entity should disclose revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the current year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. This ASU also expands the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings. ASU 2010-29 is effective prospectively for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2010. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

        The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements and does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that may have a material impact on its financial statements.

NOTE 3—OIL AND GAS ACQUISITIONS

        On September 30, 2010, the Company acquired a forty percent (40%) working interest in mineral leases for 220 acres in Hardin County, Texas, within the area known as the Batson Dome Field, from C.F.O., Inc., a corporation controlled by Delton Drum, one of the Company's officers, for the total consideration of $325,668, consisting of a cash payment of $40,000 and a secured 90-day promissory

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 3—OIL AND GAS ACQUISITIONS (Continued)


note for $285,668. On October 1, 2010, the Company acquired an additional fifty percent (50%) working interest in the Batson Dome Field for the total consideration of $407,085, consisting of a cash payment of $50,000 and a secured 90-day promissory note for $357,085. The 90-day promissory notes bore interest at eight percent (8%) per annum and were repaid in December 2010 ( see Note 5 ). Although the leases are in a previously developed oil and gas field, these purchases excluded any interest in existing well bores or surface equipment.

        On December 16, 2010, and in payment of $259,247 in cash, the Company acquired a ninety percent (90%) interest in 10 acres adjacent to its existing 220 acres under lease in the Batson Dome Field, as well as a ninety percent (90%) working interest in two producing oil wells and three shut in wells located on the 10 acre lease. The leases and wells were acquired from C.F.O., Inc. This purchase was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting and, as such, the assets and liabilities of the acquired properties are recognized at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. The estimated fair value of these properties approximates the consideration paid, which the Company concluded approximates the fair value that would be paid by a typical market participant. Acquisition-related costs of approximately $15,000 were expensed. The purchase price for the acquisition was allocated as follows:

Consideration paid—cash

  $ 259,247  

Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

       
 

Proved developed and undeveloped properties

  $ 274,463  
 

Asset retirement obligation

    (15,216 )
       

Total identifiable net assets

  $ 259,247  
       

        The unaudited financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of the Company's operations and the properties acquired, on a pro forma basis, as though the purchase had taken place at the beginning of each period presented. The pro forma information is based on the Company's results of operations for the six month period ended March 31, 2011 and the period July 19, 2010 (inception of development stage) through September 30, 2010, on historical results of the properties acquired, and on estimates of the effect of the transactions to the combined results. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of results that actually would have occurred had the transaction been in effect for the periods indicated, or of results that may occur in the future.

 
  Six Months
Ended
March 31, 2011
  July 19, 2010
(Inception) to
September 30, 2010
 
 
  Actual   Proforma   Actual   Proforma  

Revenues

  $ 397,915   $ 405,135   $   $ 7,896  

Net loss

    (1,413,487 )   (1,411,888 )   (118,144 )   (118,183 )

Loss per share—Basic and diluted

    (0.22 )   (0.22 )   (0.02 )   (0.02 )

        Through these acquisitions, the Company owns a ninety percent (90%) working interest in mineral leases for 230 acres in the Batson Dome Field. C.F.O., Inc. owns the remaining ten percent (10%) working interest and is the operator for the mineral leases pursuant to a joint operating agreement between the Company and C.F.O., Inc.

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 3—OIL AND GAS ACQUISITIONS (Continued)

        Under certain conditions, the Company has the option to acquire leases covering 107 acres adjacent to the leases described above. The purchase price for these leases would be approximately $360,000.

NOTE 4—ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

        The following table shows the change in the Company's ARO for the six month period ended March 31, 2011. The Company had no ARO during the period July 19, 2010 (inception of development stage) through September 30, 2010 as it had no wells in service.

Asset retirement obligations at beginning of period

  $  

Obligations assumed in acquisition

    15,216  

Additional retirement obligations incurred

    4,588  

Accretion expense

    1,052  
       

Asset retirement obligations at end of period

  $ 20,856  
       

NOTE 5—LONG-TERM DEBT

        In December 2010, the Company completed the issuance of $3,400,000 in Convertible Promissory Notes, due and payable on October 31, 2012 and convertible, at the holder's option, into common stock of the Company at $1.00 per share at any time after April 30, 2011. The Convertible Promissory Notes bear interest at 8% per year, payable quarterly. In addition, the note holders were issued 1,700,000 Series A warrants to purchase the Company's common stock at $4.00 per share any time on or before October 31, 2014 and were additionally granted a twenty percent (20%) net profits interest payable quarterly in any oil wells drilled and completed with the proceeds of the notes. The notes are secured by the oil and gas leases acquired, and any oil or gas wells drilled on the leases, with the proceeds from the sale of the notes. The net proceeds of the notes were used to retire the 90-day notes issued for the purchase of the Batson Dome Field, drill new wells on the acquired field and provide for corporate working capital.

        Except in certain circumstances, the conversion price of the notes will be lowered if the Company sells any additional shares of common stock or any securities convertible into common stock, at a price below the then applicable conversion price. The conversion price will also be proportionately adjusted in the event of any stock split, or capital reorganization. The Convertible Promissory Notes may be prepaid, without penalty, upon twenty days written notice to the note holders if (i) during any twenty trading days within a period of thirty consecutive trading days, the closing price of the Company's common stock is $5.00 or greater and has an average daily trading volume of 50,000 shares or more during the twenty trading days, or (ii) the Company completes a registered public offering of its common stock at an offering price of $4.00 per share or more with a minimum offering size of at least $2,000,000.

        Direct costs of $422,774 were incurred in connection with the issuance of the Convertible Promissory Notes. The Company also issued the placement agent Series B warrants for the purchase of up to 340,000 shares of common stock at a price of $1.20 per share at any time prior to October 31, 2014, 170,000 shares of common stock at a price of $4.00 per share at any time prior to October 31, 2014, and 453,322 shares of common stock at a price of $0.10 per share at any time prior to March 31,

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 5—LONG-TERM DEBT (Continued)


2011. The warrants also provide for similar adjustment to their exercise prices as the conversion price of the notes discussed above.

        Pursuant to FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging , the fair value of the embedded conversion feature upon issuance of $26,771 has been recorded as a conversion feature liability. This fair value was computed using a binomial model using the following assumptions: (1) expected life of 1.9 years; (2) volatility of 40.8%; (3) risk free interest of 0.45% and a dividend rate of zero. Likewise, the original fair values of the warrants issued to the note holders and to the placement agent have been recorded as warrant liabilities. The fair values of the warrant liabilities were computed using the Black-Scholes pricing model using the following assumptions: (1) expected life of 0.33 to 3.9 years; (2) volatility of 40.8%; (3) risk free interest of 0.45% to 1.0%; and (4) a dividend rate of zero.

        The initial fair values of the embedded conversion feature and the warrants issued to note holders were recorded as discounts to the Convertible Promissory Notes. The initial fair value of warrants issued to the placement agent of $143,948 was recorded as debt issuance costs. The Company's gross outstanding balance of the Convertible Promissory Notes was $3,400,000 as of March 31, 2011. As of March 31, 2011, the unamortized discount on the Convertible Promissory Notes totaled $710,716. Interest expense for the amortization of debt issuance cost and discount on the notes was $155,194 for the six month period ended March 31, 2011. The effective interest rate of the Convertible Promissory Notes (net of the participation liability discussed below) was 27.2% as of March 31, 2011.

        The note holder's twenty percent (20%) net profits interest granted with the issuance of the Convertible Promissory Notes is owned by Vanguard Net Profits, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (the "Fund"). The Company has a 1% interest in the Fund and is the Fund's manager on behalf of the notes holders who own the remaining interest.

        The Company has recognized a participation liability related to the net profits interest granted. This participation liability is reflected in the liability section of the balance sheet at its estimated fair value of $737,886 as of March 31, 2011. The Company estimated the fair value of the participation liability utilizing a present value factor of 10 applied to proved developed reserves associated with the wells drilled and completed with the proceeds of the notes. At any time, the Company may purchase the net profits interests held by the Fund for $3,400,000.

        The Company incurred expense associated with the net profits interest granted during the six months ended March 31, 2011 of $73,983. This amount is reported as interest expense in the statement of operations.

NOTE 6—INCOME TAXES

        The provision for income taxes consists of the following:

 
  Six Months
Ended
March 31, 2011
  July 19, 2010
(Inception) to
September 30, 2010
 

Current

  $   $  

Deferred

         
           

Total

  $   $  
           

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 6—INCOME TAXES (Continued)

        The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate (34%) on operations as follows:

 
  Six Months
Ended
March 31, 2011
  July 19, 2010
(Inception) to
September 30, 2010
 

Income tax expense computed at statutory rates

  $ (480,586 ) $ (40,169 )

Non-deductible items

    3,400     (2,040 )

Change in valuation allowance

    477,186     42,209  
           

Total

  $   $  
           

        The components of the net deferred tax asset were as follows:

 
  March 31,
2011
  September 30,
2010
 

Deferred tax assets

             
 

Net operating loss carryforwards

  $ 896,885   $ 42,209  
 

Stock-based compensation

    82,869      

Deferred tax liability—oil & gas properties

    (460,359 )    
           

Net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance

    519,395     42,209  

Valuation allowance

    (519,395 )   (42,209 )
           

Net deferred tax asset

  $   $  
           

        A valuation allowance has been established to offset reported deferred tax assets. The Company's accumulated net operating losses were approximately $2.9 million at March 31, 2011 and expire if not utilized by the year 2031.

NOTE 7—STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

        Preferred Stock —5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding.

        Common Stock —The Company is authorized to issue an aggregate of 50,000,000 shares of common stock with $0.00001 par value. In July 2010, the Company sold 4,900,000 shares of common stock at $0.001 per share in a private placement. In September 2010, the Company completed a second private placement of 1,012,500 shares of common stock at $0.40 per share. Net proceeds from the private placements were used for general corporate purposes, including capital expenditures.

        In February and March 2011, the Company sold 1,500,000 units at a price of $1.00 per unit to private investors. Each unit consisted of one share of common stock and one Series C warrant. Each Series C warrant allows the holder to purchase one share of Company common stock at a price of $2.00 per share at any time prior to February 28, 2016. The Company also issued the placement agent Series D warrants for the purchase of up to 150,000 shares of common stock at a price of $1.20 per share at any time prior to February 28, 2016.

        As of March 31, 2011, 7,865,822 common shares were outstanding.

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 7—STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Continued)

        Warrants —The following table summarizes certain information regarding outstanding warrants as of March 31, 2011 and September 30, 2010:

 
   
   
   
  Warrants Outstanding  
 
   
   
  Exercise
Price
 
Series
  Issuance Date   Expiration Date   2011   2010  

A

    December 1, 2010     October 31, 2014   $ 4.00     1,700,000     1,700,000  

B

    December 1, 2010     October 31, 2014   $ 1.20     340,000     340,000  

B

    December 1, 2010     October 31, 2014   $ 4.00     170,000     170,000  

B

    December 1, 2010     March 31, 2011 (1) $ 0.10         453,332  

C

    February 28, 2011     February 28, 2016   $ 2.00     1,500,000      

D

    February 28, 2011     February 28, 2016   $ 1.20     150,000      

(1)
Exercised in March 2011.

NOTE 8—STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

        On January 10, 2011, the Board of Directors approved a Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan (the "Plan") which authorizes the issuance of up to 1,500,000 shares of Company common stock to persons that exercise options granted pursuant to the Plan. The Company's employees, directors, officers, consultants and advisors are eligible to be granted options pursuant to the Plan, provided however that bona fide services must be rendered by such consultants or advisors, and such services must not be in connection with the offer or sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction.

        Options for the purchase of 850,000 shares of the Company's common stock were issued to members of executive management and the Board of Directors on January 10, 2011. The stock options have an exercise price of $1.00 per share and were fully vested on the date of grant. The fair value of each stock option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the following assumptions:

Risk-free interest rate

    0.99 %

Expected dividend rate

    0.00 %

Expected volatility

    40.80 %

Expected life (years)

    3  

Calculated value of options granted

  $ 0.29  

        The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $243,731 during the six month period ended March 31, 2011. No stock options have been exercised to date.

NOTE 9—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

        Drilling Commitments —Management estimates the Company's capital requirements for the next twelve months, including drilling and completing wells in the Batson Dome Field and various other projects, will total approximately $7,900,000. Three wells were completed and placed into production during the Company's fiscal second quarter. A fourth well was started in the Company's fiscal second quarter and completed during the Company's fiscal third quarter. Rework, at an estimated cost of $250,000, for two shut-in wells acquired is expected to begin during the Company's fiscal third quarter.

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 9—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)

        By agreement dated March 15, 2011 the Company entered into a Farmout Agreement with an unrelated third party pertaining to a 100 acre lease in the Batson Dome Field. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company has the option to drill a well on the lease by August 15, 2011. Subject to drilling, the first well by August 15, 2011, the Company has the option of drilling additional wells on the lease, provided however, that if it does not drill at least six wells in any twelve month period the Company's right to drill any additional wells on the lease will terminate. For each well drilled, the Company will receive a partial assignment of the lease covering the two acres surrounding the well. The Company will have a 100% working interest (75% net revenue interest) in any wells it drills on the leased acreage. The Company estimates the cost of drilling and completing any well on this lease will be approximately $500,000.

        Management Agreements —In June 2010, the Company entered into an agreement with an entity controlled by the its Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") to provide for his personal part-time management consulting services for $7,500 per month, on a month-to-month basis. Also in June 2010, the Company entered into a consulting services agreement with its Chairman of the Board to provide for his personal part-time management consulting services for $3,000 per month, on a month-to-month basis. Beginning in January 2011, the monthly payment was increased to $12,500 for the CEO and $10,000 for the Chairman. In May 2011, these consulting arrangements were replaced with employment agreements for each executive.

        Office Lease —The Company leases office space under an operating lease through August 2011. Rent expense for the six month period ended March 31, 2011 and the period July 19, 2010 (inception of development stage) through September 30, 2010 totaled $15,413 and $6,415, respectively. Future minimum lease payments under the lease total approximately $13,000 for fiscal 2011. The Company expects to renew this lease at similar terms upon its expiration.

NOTE 10—FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

        The following table summarizes the financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2011 and September 30, 2010:

 
  Level   March 31,
2011
  September 30,
2010
 

Participation liability

    3   $ 737,886   $  

Conversion feature liability

    3     749,918      

Warrant liabilities

    3     456,367      
                 

Total liabilities

        $ 1,944,171   $  
                 

        Assets and liabilities that are not recognized or disclosed on a recurring basis include those measured at fair value in a business combination and the initial recognition of asset retirement obligations (see Notes 3 and 4).

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 10—FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued)

        The following tables present a reconciliation of those liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

 
  Participation
Liability
  Conversion
Feature
Liability
  Warrant
Liabilities
  Total  

Balance at September 30, 2010

  $   $   $   $  

Purchases, issuances and settlements

    (663,903 )   (26,771 )   (333,065 )   (1,023,739 )

Gains (losses) included in earnings

    (73,983 )   (723,147 )   (123,302 )   (920,432 )
                   

Balance at March 31, 2011

  $ (737,886 ) $ (749,918 ) $ (456,367 ) $ (1,944,171 )
                   

NOTE 11—SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

 
  Six Months
Ended
March 31, 2011
  July 19, 2010
(Inception) to
September 30, 2010
 

Interest paid

  $ 33,444   $  

Payments on participation liability reported as interest expense

    36,522      

Interest capitalized (non-cash)

    134,186      

Noncash investing and financing activities:

             
 

Capital expenditures included in accounts payable

    251,861      
 

Issuance of notes payable for oil and gas

    357,085     285,668  
 

Warrant liability settled on exercise

    136,015      
 

Recognition of liabilities for issuance of:

             
   

Series A warrants

    1,188      
   

Series B warrants

    143,948      
   

Series C warrants

    274,516      
   

Series D warrants

    49,385      
 

Recognition of conversion option liability

    26,771      
 

Recognition of participation liability

    737,886      
 

Asset retirement obligations incurred

    4,588        

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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 12—SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION RELATING TO OIL AND GAS PRODUCING ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED)

        Estimated Quantities of Proved Reserves.     Nova Resources, Inc., an independent engineering firm, prepared the estimates of the proved reserves, future production, and income attributable to the leasehold interests as of March 31, 2011. Estimates of Proved Reserves as of September 30, 2010 were prepared by management using the report of Nova Resources, Inc. The estimated proved net recoverable reserves presented below include only those quantities that were expected to be commercially recoverable at prices and costs in effect at the balance sheet dates under the then existing regulatory practices and with conventional equipment and operating methods. Proved Developed Reserves represent only those reserves estimated to be recovered through existing wells. Proved Undeveloped Reserves include those reserves that may be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage or from existing wells on which a relatively major expenditure for recompletion or secondary recovery operations is required. All of the Company's Proved Reserves are located onshore in the continental United States of America.

        Discounted future cash flow estimates like those shown below are not intended to represent estimates of the fair value of oil and gas properties. Estimates of fair value should also consider unproved reserves, anticipated future oil and gas prices, interest rates, changes in development and production costs and risks associated with future production. Because of these and other considerations, any estimate of fair value is subjective and imprecise.

        The following table sets forth estimates of the proved oil and gas reserves (net of royalty interests) for the Company and changes therein, for the periods indicated.


Estimated Quantities of Proved Reserves

 
  Oil
(Bbls)
 

June 21, 2010

     
 

Purchases of reserves in place

    164,950  
 

Production

     
       

September 30, 2010

    164,950  
 

Purchases of reserves in place

    362,790  
 

Production

    (6,631 )
       

March 31, 2011

    521,109  
       

        Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows.     The Standardized Measure related to proved oil and gas reserves is summarized below. Future cash inflows were computed by applying a twelve month average of the first day of the month prices to estimated future production, less estimated future expenditures (based on year end costs) to be incurred in developing and producing the proved reserves, less estimated future income tax expense. Future income tax expenses are calculated by applying appropriate year-end tax rates to future pretax net cash flows, less the tax basis of properties involved. Future net cash flows are discounted at a rate of 10% annually to derive the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows. This calculation procedure does not necessarily result in an estimate of the fair market value or the present value of the Company.

F-19


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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 12—SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION RELATING TO OIL AND GAS PRODUCING ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED) (Continued)


Estimated Quantities of Proved Reserves

 
  Oil
(Bbls)
 

Proved developed reserves:

       
 

March 31, 2011

    107,670  
 

September 30, 2010

    31,791  

Proved undeveloped reserves:

       
 

March 31, 2011

    413,439  
 

September 30, 2010

    133,527  

Standardized Measure of Oil and Gas

March 31, 2011

       

Future cash inflows

  $ 43,472,967  

Future production costs

    (5,191,693 )

Future development costs

    (7,425,000 )

Future income taxes

    (9,008,374 )
       

Future net cash flows

    21,847,900  

Discount of future net cash flows at 10% per annum

    (4,022,425 )
       

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows

  $ 17,825,475  
       

September 30, 2010

       

Future cash inflows

  $ 13,672,292  

Future production costs

    (1,611,534 )

Future development costs

    (2,750,000 )

Future income taxes

    (2,381,361 )
       

Future net cash flows

    6,929,397  

Discount of future net cash flows at 10% per annum

    (2,381,915 )
       

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows

  $ 4,547,482  
       

F-20


Table of Contents


VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

NOTE 12—SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION RELATING TO OIL AND GAS PRODUCING ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED) (Continued)

        The following table sets forth the changes in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and gas reserves for the periods indicated.


Changes in Standardized Measure

Period ended March 31, 2011

       

Sales of oil and gas produced, net of production costs

  $ (397,915 )

Purchases of minerals in place

    11,457,772  

Net changes in prices and production costs

    1,342,075  

Accretion of discount before income taxes

    454,748  

Changes in timing and other

    421,314  
       

Net change

  $ 13,277,994  
       

Period ended September 30, 2010

       

Sales of oil and gas produced, net of production costs

  $  

Purchases of minerals in place

    4,547,482  

Net changes in prices and production costs

     

Accretion of discount before income taxes

     

Changes in timing and other

     
       

Net change

  $ 4,547,482  
       

* * * * *

F-21


Table of Contents


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Vanguard Energy Corporation

        We have audited the accompanying statements of revenues and direct operating expenses of the Batson Dome Wells (the "Properties") which were acquired from C.F.O., Inc. by Vanguard Energy Corporation for the period from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009 and the period from January 1, 2010 to December 15, 2010. These statements are the responsibility of the Properties' management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these statements based on our audits.

        We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statement. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statements presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

        The accompanying statements referred to above were prepared for the purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The statements are not intended to be a complete presentation of the revenues and expenses for the Properties.

        In our opinion, the statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the revenues and direct operating expenses of the Batson Dome Wells, which were acquired from C.F.O., Inc. by Vanguard Energy Corporation, for the period from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009 and the period from January 1, 2010 to December 15, 2010, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

/s/ Briggs & Veselka Co.

Briggs & Veselka Co.
A Professional Corporation
Certified Public Accountants
Bellaire, Texas

May 5, 2011

F-22


Table of Contents


Batson Dome Wells

Statements of Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses

Period from January 1, 2010 to December 15, 2010
and Period from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009

 
  Period from
January 1, 2010 to
December 15, 2010
  Period from
July 1, 2009 to
December 31, 2009
 

Revenues

             
 

Oil and gas sales

  $ 42,467   $ 26,750  

Direct operating expenses:

             
 

Lease operating expenses

    33,329     23,946  
 

Production taxes

    1,958     1,234  
           

Total direct operating expenses

    35,287     25,180  
           

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses

  $ 7,180   $ 1,570  
           

See accompanying notes to statements of revenues and direct operating expenses.

F-23


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Batson Dome Wells

Notes to Statements of Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses

Period from January 1, 2010 to December 15, 2010
and Period from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

        On December 16, 2010, Vanguard Energy Corporation ("Vanguard") acquired a ninety percent (90%) working interest in 10 acres in the Batson Dome Field, including two producing oil wells and three shut-in wells, from C.F.O., Inc.

        The accompanying statements present the revenues and direct operating expenses related to 100% of the working interests for these properties (the "Properties"). The Batson Dome Field is located in Hardin County, Texas approximately 50 miles northeast of Houston.

        Historical financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have never been prepared for the Properties. The accompanying statements of revenues and direct operating expenses related to the Properties were prepared from the historical accounting records of C.F.O., Inc.

        The statements of revenues and direct operating expenses present the activities for 100% of the working interest in the Properties accumulated through two acquisitions by C.F.O., Inc. on July 1, 2009 and November 18, 2010. Historical accounting records of owners of the working interests before C.F.O, Inc.'s acquisition on July 1, 2009 were not available.

        Certain indirect expenses, as further described in Note 3, were not allocated to the Properties and have been excluded from the accompanying statements. Any attempt to allocate these expenses would require significant and judgmental allocations, which would be arbitrary and may not be indicative of the performance of the Properties on a stand-alone basis.

        These statements of revenues and direct operating expenses do not represent a complete set of financial statements reflecting financial position, results of operations, stakeholders' equity and cash flows of the Properties and are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the Properties going forward.

Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

        Use of Estimates.     Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the statements of revenues and direct operating expenses. Actual results could be different from those estimates.

        Revenue Recognition.     Revenue from oil and gas sales is recognized when sold. There were no significant imbalances with other revenue interest owners during any of the periods presented in these statements.

        Direct Operating Expenses.     Direct operating expenses, which are recognized on an accrual basis, relate to the direct expenses of operating the Properties. The direct operating expenses include lease operating, ad valorem tax and production tax expense. Lease operating expenses include lifting costs, well repair expenses, surface repair expenses, well workover costs and other field expenses. Lease operating expenses also include expenses directly associated with support personnel, support services, equipment, and facilities directly related to oil and gas production activities.

F-24


Table of Contents


Batson Dome Wells

Notes to Statements of Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses (Continued)

Period from January 1, 2010 to December 15, 2010
and Period from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009

Note 3. Excluded Expenses

        The Properties were part of a larger enterprise prior to the date of the sale by C.F.O., Inc. to Vanguard. Indirect general and administrative expenses, interest, income taxes, and other indirect expenses were not allocated to the Properties and have been excluded from the accompanying statements. In addition, any allocation of such indirect expenses may not be indicative of costs which would have been incurred by the Properties on a stand-alone basis.

        Also, depreciation, depletion, and amortization have been excluded from the accompanying statements of revenues and direct operating expenses as such amounts would not be indicative of the depletion calculated on the Properties on a stand-alone basis.

Note 4. Supplemental Information relating to oil and gas producing activities (unaudited)

        Estimated Quantities of Proved Reserves.     Nova Resources, Inc., an independent engineering firm, prepared the estimates of the proved reserves, future production, and income attributable to the leasehold interests as of March 31, 2011. Estimates of Proved Reserves as of December 31, 2009 and 2010 were prepared by management using the report of Nova Resources, Inc. The estimated proved net recoverable reserves presented below include only those quantities that were expected to be commercially recoverable at prices and costs in effect at the balance sheet dates under the then existing regulatory practices and with conventional equipment and operating methods. Proved Developed Reserves represent only those reserves estimated to be recovered through existing wells. Proved Undeveloped Reserves include those reserves that may be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage or from existing wells on which a relatively major expenditure for recompletion or secondary recovery operations is required. All of the Properties' Proved Reserves are located onshore in the continental United States of America.

        Discounted future cash flow estimates like those shown below are not intended to represent estimates of the fair value of oil and gas properties. Estimates of fair value should also consider unproved reserves, anticipated future oil and gas prices, interest rates, changes in development and production costs and risks associated with future production. Because of these and other considerations, any estimate of fair value is subjective and imprecise.

F-25


Table of Contents


Batson Dome Wells

Notes to Statements of Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses (Continued)

Period from January 1, 2010 to December 15, 2010
and Period from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009

Note 4. Supplemental Information relating to oil and gas producing activities (unaudited) (Continued)

        The following table sets forth estimates of the proved oil and gas reserves (net of royalty interests) for the Properties and changes therein, for the periods indicated.

Estimated Quantities of Proved Reserves

 
  Oil
(Bbls)
 

July 1, 2009

     

Purchases of reserves in place

    129,561  

Production

    (577 )
       

December 31, 2009

    128,984  

Purchases of reserves in place

    127,945  

Production

    (827 )
       

December 15, 2010

    256,102  
       

        Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows.     The Standardized Measure related to proved oil and gas reserves is summarized below. Future cash inflows were computed by applying a twelve month average of the first day of the month prices to estimated future production, less estimated future expenditures (based on year end costs) to be incurred in developing and producing the proved reserves, less estimated future income tax expense. Future income tax expenses are calculated by applying appropriate year-end tax rates to future pretax net cash flows, less the tax basis of properties involved. Future net cash flows are discounted at a rate of 10% annually to derive the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows. This calculation procedure does not necessarily result in an estimate of the fair market value or the present value of the Properties.

Estimated Quantities of Proved Reserves

 
  Oil
(Bbls)
 

Proved developed reserves:

       

December 15, 2010

    63,779  

December 31, 2009

    32,823  

Proved undeveloped reserves:

       

December 15, 2010

    192,323  

December 31, 2009

    96,162  

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Table of Contents


Batson Dome Wells

Notes to Statements of Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses (Continued)

Period from January 1, 2010 to December 15, 2010
and Period from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009

Note 4. Supplemental Information relating to oil and gas producing activities (unaudited) (Continued)

Standardized Measure of Oil and Gas

December 15, 2010

       

Future cash inflows

  $ 21,335,026  

Future production costs

    (2,634,504 )

Future development costs

    (2,750,000 )

Future income taxes

    (5,311,825 )
       

Future net cash flows

    10,638,697  

Discount of future net cash flows at 10% per annum

    (1,950,045 )
       

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows

  $ 8,688,652  
       

December 31, 2009

       

Future cash inflows

  $ 10,181,147  

Future production costs

    (1,270,786 )

Future development costs

    (1,375,000 )

Future income taxes

    (2,515,364 )
       

Future net cash flows

    5,019,997  

Discount of future net cash flows at 10% per annum

    (1,297,001 )
       

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows

  $ 3,722,996  
       

        The following table sets forth the changes in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and gas reserves for the periods indicated.

Changes in Standardized Measure

Period ended December 15, 2010

       

Sales of oil and gas produced, net of production costs

  $ (7,180 )

Purchases of minerals in place

    3,580,597  

Net changes in prices and production costs

    763,729  

Accretion of discount before income taxes

    372,300  

Changes in timing and other

    256,210  
       

Net change

  $ 4,965,656  
       

Period ended December 31, 2009

       

Sales of oil and gas produced, net of production costs

  $ 1,174  

Purchases of minerals in place

    2,439,538  

Net changes in prices and production costs

    1,526,945  

Accretion of discount before income taxes

    121,977  

Changes in timing and other

    (366,638 )
       

Net change

  $ 3,722,996  
       

F-27


Table of Contents


Vanguard Energy Corporation

Unaudited Pro Forma Statements of Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses

        

Introduction

        The following unaudited pro forma statements of revenues and direct operating expenses of Vanguard Energy Corporation ("Vanguard") reflect the historical results of Vanguard on a pro forma basis to give effect to the "Batson Dome Wells Acquisition". This transaction is described below.

        The Batson Dome Wells Acquisition.     On December 16, 2010, and in payment of $259,247 in cash, Vanguard acquired a ninety percent (90%) working interest in 10 acres adjacent to its existing 220 acres under lease in the Batson Dome Field, as well as a ninety percent (90%) working interest in two producing oil wells and three shut in wells located on the 10 acre lease. The leases and wells were acquired from C.F.O., Inc., a corporation controlled by Delton Drum, one of Vanguard's officers.

        The Batson Dome Wells are reflective of oil properties accumulated through two acquisitions by C.F.O., Inc. on July 1, 2009 and November 18, 2010. Historical accounting records of owners of the working interest in the properties before C.F.O, Inc.'s acquisition on July 1, 2009 were not available. The purchase price allocation for the Batson Dome Wells Acquisition has been reflected in the historical balance sheet of Vanguard as of March 31, 2011.

        The unaudited pro forma statements of revenues and direct operating expenses were derived from Vanguard's audited historical statements of operations for the six months ended March 31, 2011 and period July 19, 2010 (inception of development stage) through September 30, 2010.

        The unaudited pro forma statements of revenues and direct operating expenses should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes and with the historical financial statements and related notes of Vanguard, found elsewhere in this prospectus.

        Vanguard's acquisition of the Batson Dome Wells was made using available cash on-hand and the acquired properties have been operated with Vanguard's existing staff and infrastructure. Hence, no provision has been made in the unaudited pro forma statements of revenues and direct operating expenses for indirect general and administrative expenses, interest, income taxes, and other indirect expenses.

        The pro forma adjustments to the historical statements of operations are based upon currently available information and certain estimates and assumptions. The actual effect of the transactions discussed in the accompanying notes ultimately may differ from the unaudited pro forma adjustments included herein. However, management believes that the assumptions utilized to prepare the pro forma adjustments provide a reasonable basis for presenting the significant effects of the transactions as currently contemplated and that the unaudited pro forma adjustments are factually supportable, give appropriate effect to the expected impact of events that are directly attributable to the transactions, and reflect those items expected to have a continuing impact on Vanguard.

        The unaudited pro forma statements of revenues and direct operating expenses of Vanguard are not necessarily indicative of the results that actually would have occurred if Vanguard had completed the Batson Dome Wells Acquisition on the date indicated or which could be achieved in the future due to the omission of various operating expenses. During the periods presented, the Batson Dome Wells Acquisition properties were not accounted for by C.F.O., Inc. as a separate entity. As such, certain costs, such as depreciation, depletion and amortization, accretion of asset retirement obligations, general and administrative expenses and interest expense were not allocated to the properties.

F-28


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VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA STATEMENT OF REVENUES
AND DIRECT OPERATING EXPENSES

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2010

 
  Vanguard
Historical
  Batson Dome
Wells
Acquisition(a)
  Pro forma
Adjustments
  Pro forma  

Revenues

                         
 

Oil and gas sales

  $   $ 49,948   $ (4,995 )(b) $ 44,953  

Direct operating expenses:

                         
 

Lease operating expense

        43,284     (4,328 )(b)   38,956  
 

Production taxes

        2,303     (230 )(b)   2,073  
                   

Total direct operating expenses

        45,587     (4,558 )   41,029  
                   

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses

  $   $ 4,361   $ (437 ) $ 3,924  
                   

See accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma statements of revenues
and direct operating expenses.

F-29


Table of Contents


VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA STATEMENT OF REVENUES

AND DIRECT OPERATING EXPENSES

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2011

 
  Vanguard
Historical
  Batson Dome
Wells
Acquisition(a)
  Pro forma
Adjustments
  Pro forma  

Revenues

                         
 

Oil and gas sales

  $ 397,915   $ 8,022   $ (802 )(b) $ 405,135  

Direct operating expenses:

                         
 

Lease operating expense

    76,123     3,258     (326 )(b)   79,055  
 

Production taxes

    18,013     370     (37 )(b)   18,346  
                   

Total direct operating expenses

    94,136     3,628     (363 )   97,401  
                   

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses

  $ 303,779   $ 4,394   $ (439 ) $ 307,734  
                   

See accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma statements of revenues and direct operating expenses.

F-30


Table of Contents


VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA STATEMENT OF REVENUES
AND DIRECT OPERATING EXPENSES

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

        The unaudited pro forma statements of revenues and direct operating expenses of Vanguard were derived from its audited historical statements of operations for the six months ended March 31, 2011 and period July 19, 2010 (inception of development stage) through September 30, 2010. The purchase price allocation for the Batson Dome Wells Acquisition has been reflected in the historical balance sheet as of March 31, 2011.

        The Statements of Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses related to the Batson Field Wells Acquisition are reflective of the activities for 100% of the working interest in the properties. Vanguard acquired a ninety percent (90%) working interest in the properties. The remaining 10% working interest was retained by C.F.O., Inc. and is shown as a pro forma adjustment as discussed below.

        The unaudited pro forma statements of revenues and direct operating expenses reflect the retained 10% working interest in the properties by C.F.O., Inc. Vanguard acquired a ninety percent (90%) working interest in the properties.

        Vanguard's acquisition of the Batson Dome Wells was made using available cash on-hand and the acquired properties have been operated with Vanguard's existing staff and infrastructure. Hence, no provision has been made in the unaudited pro forma statements of revenues and direct operating expenses for indirect general and administrative expenses, interest, income taxes, and other indirect expenses.

Note 2. Pro Forma Adjustments and Assumptions

(a)
The "Batson Dome Wells Acquisition" column represents the Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses for 100% of the working interest in the properties acquired in the Batson Field Wells Acquisition, as described below:

The Batson Dome Wells Acquisition column for the six months ended March 31, 2011, includes the Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses related to the Batson Dome Wells for the period from October 1, 2010 to December 15, 2010 (the date the acquisition was completed); and

The Batson Dome Wells Acquisition columns for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010 include the Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses related to the Batson Dome Wells Acquisition for the same periods.

(b)
Pro forma adjustment to reflect the retained 10% working interest in the properties by C.F.O., Inc. Vanguard acquired a ninety percent (90%) working interest in the Properties.

F-31


Table of Contents


VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA STATEMENT OF REVENUES
AND DIRECT OPERATING EXPENSES (Continued)

Note 2. Pro Forma Adjustments and Assumptions (Continued)


Reconciliation of Historical and Pro Forma Activity for the Period
from October 1, 2009 to September 30, 2010

 
  Historical
Activity
for
Period
from
July 1,
2009 to
December 31,
2009
  Less:
Period
from
July 1,
2009 to
September 30,
2009
  Add:
Period
from
January 1,
2010 to
December 15,
2010
  Less:
Period
from
October 1,
2010 to
December 15,
2010
  Pro
Forma
Amounts
for
Period
from
October 31,
2009 to
September 30,
2010
 

Revenues

                               
   

Oil and gas sales

  $ 26,750   $ (11,247 ) $ 42,467   $ (8,022 ) $ 49,948  

Direct operating expenses:

                               
 

Lease operating expenses

    23,946     (10,733 )   33,329     (3,258 )   43,284  
 

Production taxes

    1,234     (519 )   1,958     (370 )   2,303  
                       

Total direct operating expenses

    25,180     (11,252 )   35,287     (3,628 )   45,587  
                       
 

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses

  $ 1,570   $ 5   $ 7,180   $ (4,394 ) $ 4,361  
                       


Reconciliation of Historical and Pro Forma Activity for
the Six Months Ended March 31, 2011

 
  Historical Activity for
Period from
January 1, 2010
to December 15, 2010
  Less: Period from
January 1, 2010
to September 30, 2010
  Pro Forma Amounts for
the Six Months
Ended March 31, 2011
 

Revenues

                   
 

Oil and gas sales

  $ 42,467   $ (34,445 ) $ 8,022  

Direct operating expenses:

                   
 

Lease operating expenses

    33,329     (30,071 )   3,258  
 

Production taxes

    1,958     (1,588 )   370  
               
 

Total direct operating expenses

    35,287     (31,659 )   3,628  
               
 

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses

  $ 7,180   $ (2,786 ) $ 4,394  
               

(b)
Pro forma adjustment to reflect the retained 10% working interest in the properties by C.F.O., Inc. Vanguard acquired a ninety percent (90%) working interest in the Properties.

F-32


Table of Contents

7,000,000 UNITS

LOGO



PROSPECTUS



PAULSON INVESTMENT COMPANY, INC.

                                    , 2011


Table of Contents

PART II

Information Not Required in Prospectus

Item 13.    Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution .

        The following table shows the costs and expenses payable by the Company in connection with this registration statement.

SEC filing fee

  $ 3,426  

FINRA filing fee

    3,803  

Blue Sky fees and expenses

    60,000  

Underwriter's non-accountable expense allowance

    283,500  

Printing expenses

    65,000  

Legal fees and expenses

    80,000  

Accounting fees and expenses

    50,000  

Miscellaneous expenses

    37,771  
       
   

TOTAL

  $ 583,500  
       

        All expenses, other than the SEC and FINRA filing fees, are estimated.

Item 14.    Indemnification of Officers and Directors

        The Colorado Business Corporation Act provides that the Company may indemnify any and all of its officers, directors, employees or agents or former officers, directors, employees or agents, against expenses actually and necessarily incurred by them, in connection with the defense of any legal proceeding or threatened legal proceeding, except as to matters in which such persons shall be determined to not have acted in good faith and in the Company's best interest.

Item 15.    Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

   
  Note
Reference
 

        In July 2010 we sold 4,900,000 shares of our common stock to our officers and directors and other third parties at a price of $0.001 per share. During the three months ended September 30, 2010, 1,012,500 shares of our common stock were sold to a group of private investors at a price of $0.40 per share.

  A
 

        Between October 2010 and December 2010, we sold 34 units to a group of private investors. The units were sold at a price of $100,000 per Unit. Each unit consisted of one promissory note in the principal amount of $100,000 and 50,000 Series A warrants. At any time after October 18, 2010, the Notes can be converted into shares of our common stock, initially at a conversion price of $1.00 per share. Each Series A warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of our common stock at a price of $4.00 per share at any time on or before October 31, 2014. In connection with this private offering, we issued the placement agents warrants to purchase up to 963,322 shares of our common stock.

 

B

 

        In February and March 2011, we sold 1,500,000 units at a price of $1.00 per unit. Each unit consisted of one share of our common stock and one Series C warrant. Each Series C warrant allows the holder to purchase one share of our common stock at a price of $2.00 per share at any time on or before February 28, 2016. In connection with this private offering, we issued the placement agent warrants to purchase up to 150,000 shares of our common stock. The Placement Agent warrants are exercisable at a price of $1.20 per share at any time prior to February 28, 2016.

   

II-1


Table of Contents

   
  Note
Reference
 

        In March 2011, we issued 453,322 shares of our common stock to a placement agent upon the exercise of warrants which had an exercise price of $0.10 per share.

 

A


A.
We relied upon the exemption provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 with respect to the issuance of these shares. The persons who acquired these shares were sophisticated investors and were provided full information regarding our business and operations. There was no general solicitation in connection with the offer or sale of these securities. The persons who acquired these shares acquired them for their own accounts. The certificates representing these shares bear a restricted legend providing that they cannot be sold except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an exemption from registration. No commission or other form of remuneration was given to any person in connection with the issuance of these shares.

B.
We relied upon the exemption provided by Rule 506 of the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to the issuance of these securities. The persons who acquired these securities were sophisticated investors and were provided full information regarding the Company. There was no general solicitation in connection with the offer or sale of these securities. The persons who acquired these securities acquired them for their own accounts. The certificates representing these securities bear a restricted legend providing that they cannot be sold except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an exemption from registration.

Item 16.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

        The following exhibits are filed with this Registration Statement:

Exhibits
   
1.1   Form of Underwriting Agreement

3.1*

 

Articles of Incorporation

3.2*

 

Bylaws

4.1*

 

Form of Common Stock Certificate

4.2*

 

Form of Unit Certificate

4.3*

 

Form of Class A Warrant Certificate

4.5*

 

Form of Warrant Agreement

4.6*

 

Form of Representative's Warrant

4.7*

 

Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan

5

 

Opinion of Counsel

10.1*

 

Purchase Agreement between C.F.O., Inc. and Vanguard Energy Corporation

10.2*

 

Purchase Agreement between Sidekick Xploration, LLC and Enecor, Inc.

10.3*

 

Assignment between C.F.O., Inc. and Vanguard Energy Corporation

10.4*

 

Employment Agreement with Warren Dillard

10.5*

 

Employment Agreement with R. Gerald Bailey

10.6*

 

Employment Agreement with Steven Powers

10.7*

 

Farmout Agreement with Claire Oil & Gas, Inc.

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Exhibits
   
10.8*   Operating Agreement with C.F.O, Inc.

10.9*

 

Farmout Agreement with Exxon/Mobil

10.10

 

Form of Convertible Note

14*

 

Code of Ethics

21

 

Subsidiaries

23.1

 

Consent of Hart & Trinen

23.2

 

Consent of Briggs & Veselka Co.

23.3

 

Consent of Nova Resource, Inc.

99

 

Oil and Gas Reserve Report

*
Previously Filed

Item 17.    Undertakings

        The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

        (1)   To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

              (i)  To include any prospectus required by Section l0 (a)(3) of the Securities Act:

             (ii)  To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events which, individually or together, represent a fundamental change in the information in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective registration statement; and

            (iii)  To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.

        (2)   That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

        (3)   To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities that remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

        (4)   That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

              (i)    

              (A)  For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant

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      pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

              (B)  For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

             (ii)  If the registrant is relying on Rule 430B:

              (A)  Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

              (B)  Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or

            (iii)  If the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

        (5)   That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:

        The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

              (i)  Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

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             (ii)  Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

            (iii)  The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

            (iv)  Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

        (6)   The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriter at the closing specified in the underwriting agreements, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriter to permit prompt deliver to each purchaser.

        Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of l933 (the "Act") may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

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SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of l933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Houston, Texas on the 28th day of July, 2011.

    VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

 

 

By:

 

/s/ WARREN M. DILLARD

Warren M. Dillard, President and Chief Executive Officer


POWER OF ATTORNEY

        The registrant and each person whose signature appears below hereby authorizes the agent for service named in this Registration Statement, with full power to act alone, to file one or more amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, which amendments may make such changes in this Registration Statement as such agent for service deems appropriate, and the Registrant and each such person hereby appoints such agent for service as attorney-in-fact, with full power to act alone, to execute in the name and in behalf of the Registrant and any such person, individually and in each capacity stated below, any such amendments to this Registration Statement.

        In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act of l933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

Signature
 
Title
 
Date

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ WARREN M. DILLARD


Warren M. Dillard
 

Chief Executive, Financial and Accounting Officer and Director

  July 28, 2011

/s/ GERALD BAILEY


Gerald Bailey
 

Director

 

July 28, 2011

/s/ STEVEN M. POWERS


Steven M. Powers
 

Director

 

July 28, 2011

/s/ RICK A. WILBER


Rick A. Wilber
 

Director

 

July 28, 2011

  


John P. Barton
 

Director

   

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibits
   
1.1   Form of Underwriting Agreement

3.1*

 

Articles of Incorporation

3.2*

 

Bylaws

4.1*

 

Form of Common Stock Certificate

4.2*

 

Form of Unit Certificate

4.3*

 

Form of Class A Warrant Certificate

4.5*

 

Form of Warrant Agreement

4.6*

 

Form of Representative's Warrant

4.7*

 

Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan

5

 

Opinion of Counsel

10.1*

 

Purchase Agreement between C.F.O., Inc. and Vanguard Energy Corporation

10.2*

 

Purchase Agreement between Sidekick Xploration, LLC and Enecor, Inc.

10.3*

 

Assignment between C.F.O., Inc. and Vanguard Energy Corporation

10.4*

 

Employment Agreement with Warren Dillard

10.5*

 

Employment Agreement with R. Gerald Bailey

10.6*

 

Employment Agreement with Steven Powers

10.7*

 

Farmout Agreement with Claire Oil & Gas, Inc.

10.8*

 

Operating Agreement with C.F.O, Inc.

10.9*

 

Farmout Agreement with Exxon/Mobil

10.10

 

Form of Convertible Note

14*

 

Code of Ethics

21

 

Subsidiaries

23.1

 

Consent of Hart & Trinen

23.2

 

Consent of Briggs & Veselka Co.

23.3

 

Consent of Nova Resource, Inc.

99

 

Oil and Gas Reserve Report

*
Previously Filed



Exhibit 1.1

 

Vanguard Energy Corporation

 

 

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

 

dated                           , 2011

 

Paulson Investment Company, Inc.

 



 

Underwriting Agreement

 

                                   , 2011

 

Paulson Investment Company, Inc.

 

811 SW Naito Parkway

 

Portland, Oregon 97204

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Introductory.  Vanguard Energy Corporation, a Colorado corporation (the “ Company ”), proposes to issue and sell to the several underwriters named in Schedule A (the “ Underwriters ”) an aggregate of                        Units, each Unit consisting of (i) one share of the Company’s common stock (“ Common Stock ”), and (ii) one Class A warrant, to purchase one share of Common Stock (each a “ Class A Warrant ”, collectively, the “ Warrants ”). The Warrants are to be issued under the terms of a Warrant Agreement (the “ Warrant Agreement ”) by and between the Company and Corporate Stock Transfer, as warrant agent (the “ Warrant Agent ”), substantially in the form most recently filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement (hereinafter defined).  The                    Units to be sold by the Company are collectively called the “ Firm Units .”  In addition, the Company has granted to the Underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional                      Units (the “ Optional Units ”), as provided in Section 2.  The Firm Units and, if and to the extent such option is exercised, the Optional Units are collectively called the “ Units .”  Paulson Investment Company, Inc. has agreed to act as representative for the several Underwriters (in such capacity, the “ Representative ”) in connection with the offering and sale of the Units.

 

The Company confirms its agreement with each Underwriter as follows:

 

SECTION 1.  Representations and Warranties of the Company.

 

T he Company represents, warrants and covenants to each Underwriter as follows:

 

(a)                                   Filing of the Registration Statement.  The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No.                           ), which contains a form of prospectus to be used in connection with the public offering and sale of the Units.  Such registration statement, as amended, including the financial statements, exhibits and schedules thereto, and the documents incorporated by reference in the prospectus contained in the registration statement at the time such registration statement became effective, in the form in which it was declared effective by the Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the “ Securities Act ”), and including any required information deemed to be a part thereof at the time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A, Rule 430B or Rule 430C under the Securities Act, or pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the “ Exchange Act ”), is called the “ Registration Statement .”  Any registration statement filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act is called the “ Rule 462(b) Registration Statement ,” and from and after the date and time of filing of the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the term

 

2



 

Registration Statement ” shall include the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement.  Such prospectus, in the form first filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act after the date and time that this Agreement is executed and delivered by the parties hereto (the “ Execution Time ”), or, if no filing pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act is required, the form of final prospectus relating to the Units included in the Registration Statement at the effective date of the Registration Statement, is called the “ Prospectus .”  All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the Company’s preliminary prospectus included in the Registration Statement (each a “ preliminary prospectus ”), the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing, shall include any copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (“ EDGAR ”).  Any reference herein to any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus or any supplement or amendment to either thereof shall be deemed to refer to and include any documents incorporated by reference therein as of the date of such reference.

 

(b)                                  Compliance with Registration Requirements.  The Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Commission under the Securities Act.  The Company has complied to the Commission’s satisfaction with all requests of the Commission for additional or supplemental information.  No stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement is in effect and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, are contemplated or threatened by the Commission.

 

Each preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus when filed complied or will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and, if filed by electronic transmission pursuant to EDGAR (except as may be permitted by Regulation S-T under the Securities Act), was identical in content to the copy thereof delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with the offer and sale of the Units other than with respect to any artwork and graphics that were not filed.  Each of the Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became effective and at all subsequent times until the expiration of the prospectus delivery period required under Section 4(3) of the Securities Act, complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.  The Prospectus (including any Prospectus wrapper), as amended or supplemented, as of its date and at all subsequent times until the Underwriters have completed their distribution of the offering of the Units, did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.  The representations and warranties set forth in the two immediately preceding sentences do not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, or any post-effective amendment thereto, or the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto, made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Underwriters furnished to the Company in writing by any Underwriter directly or through the Representative expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by or on behalf of any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 8 hereof.  There are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that have not been described or filed as required.

 

3



 

(c)                                   Disclosure Package . The term “ Disclosure Package ” shall mean (i) the preliminary prospectus, as amended or supplemented, (ii) the issuer free writing prospectuses as defined in Rule 433 of the Securities Act (each, an “ Issuer Free Writing Prospectus ”), if any, identified in Schedule B hereto, (iii) the pricing terms set forth in Schedule C to this Agreement, and (iv) any other free writing prospectus that the parties hereto shall hereafter expressly agree in writing to treat as part of the Disclosure Package.  As of 9:00 a.m. (Eastern time) on the date of this Agreement (the “ Initial Sale Time ”), the Disclosure Package did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.  The preceding sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from the Disclosure Package based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter directly or through the Representative specifically for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by or on behalf of any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 8 hereof.

 

(d)                                  Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses .  No Issuer Free Writing Prospectus includes any information that conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement, including any document incorporated by reference therein that has not been superseded or modified.  The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter directly or through the Representative specifically for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 8 hereof.

 

(e)                                   Offering Materials Furnished to Underwriters.  The Company has delivered to the Representative five complete manually signed copies of the Registration Statement and of each consent and certificate of experts filed as a part thereof, and conformed copies of the Registration Statement (without exhibits) and preliminary prospectuses and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, in such quantities and at such places as the Representative has reasonably requested.

 

(f)                                     Distribution of Offering Material By the Company.  The Company has not distributed and will not distribute, prior to the later of each Subsequent Closing Date (as defined below) and the completion of the Underwriters’ distribution of the Units, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Units other than a preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus reviewed and consented to by the Representative, and the Registration Statement.

 

(g)                                  The Underwriting Agreement.  This Agreement has been duly authorized (to the extent applicable), executed and delivered by, and is a valid and binding agreement of, the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnification hereunder may be limited by applicable law and except as the enforcement hereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors or by general equitable principles.

 

(h)                                  Authorization of the Common Stock; Validity of Units, Warrants and Warrant Agreement.

 

(i)                                      The Common Stock included in the Units to be purchased by the Underwriters from the Company (including units purchasable on exercise of the

 

4



 

Underwriters’ overallotment option described in Section 2(c) and the Representative’s Warrants described in Section 2(h)) has been duly authorized and reserved for issuance and sale pursuant to this Agreement and, in the case of Common Stock issuable on exercise of the Representative’s Warrants, the terms thereof and, when so issued and delivered by the Company, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

 

(ii)                                   The Units to be purchased by the Underwriters from the Company have been duly and validly authorized by all required corporate actions and will, when issued and delivered by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, be validly executed and delivered by, and will be valid and binding agreements of, the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, except as the enforcement thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors or by general equitable principles.

 

(iii)                                The Warrants included in the Units to be purchased by the Underwriters from the Company have been duly and validly authorized by all required corporate actions and will, when issued and delivered by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, be validly executed and delivered by, and will be valid and binding agreements of, the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, except as the enforcement thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors or by general equitable principles.

 

(iv)                               The Representative’s Warrants have been duly and validly authorized by all required corporate actions and will, when issued and delivered by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, be validly executed and delivered by, and will be valid and binding agreements of, the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, except as the enforcement thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors or by general equitable principles.

 

(v)                                  The Common Stock issuable on exercise of the Warrants has been duly authorized and reserved for issuance and sale pursuant to their terms and, when issued and delivered by the Company pursuant to such warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

 

(vi)                               The Warrant Agreement has been duly and validly authorized by all required corporate actions of the Company and will, when executed and delivered (and assuming due and valid execution by the Warrant Agent) constitute a valid and binding agreement of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as the enforcement thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors or by general equitable principles.

 

(vii)                            Each of the Warrants and the Representative’s Warrants will, when issued, possess rights, privileges, and characteristics as represented in the most recent

 

5



 

form of Warrant Agreement or Representative’s Warrants, as the case may be, filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.

 

(i)                                      No Applicable Registration or Other Similar Rights.  Except as fairly and accurately described in the Registration Statement, there are no persons with registration or other similar rights to have any equity or debt securities registered for sale under the Registration Statement or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement, except for such rights as have been duly waived.

 

(j)                                      No Material Adverse Change.  Except as otherwise disclosed in the Disclosure Package, subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Disclosure Package:  (i) there has been no material adverse change, or any development that could reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business, operations or prospects, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, of the Company (any such change is called a “ Material Adverse Change ”); (ii) the Company has not incurred any material liability or obligation, indirect, direct or contingent, not in the ordinary course of business nor entered into any material transaction or agreement not in the ordinary course of business; and (iii) there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company in respect of its capital stock.

 

(k)                                   Independent Accountants.  Briggs & Veselka Co. (the “ Accountant ”), who has expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements (which term as used in this Agreement includes the related notes thereto) filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement and included in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.

 

(l)                                      Preparation of the Financial Statements.  Each of the historical and pro-forma financial statements filed with the Commission as a part of or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, and included or incorporated by reference in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, presents fairly the information provided as of and at the dates and for the periods indicated.  Such financial statements comply as to form with the applicable accounting requirements of the Securities Act and have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved, except as may be expressly stated in the related notes thereto.  No other financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement.  Each item of historical or pro-forma financial data relating to the operations, assets or liabilities of the Company set forth in summary form in each of the preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus fairly presents such information on a basis consistent with that of the complete financial statements contained in the Registration Statement.

 

(m)                                Incorporation and Good Standing; Subsidiaries.  The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation and has corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement.  The Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is required except for such jurisdictions where the failure

 

6



 

to so qualify or to be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change.  The Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity, other than                                                     .

 

(n)                                  Capitalization and Other Capital Stock Matters.  The authorized, issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company is as set forth in the each of the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the caption “Capitalization” (other than for subsequent issuances, if any, pursuant to employee benefit plans described in each of the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or upon exercise of outstanding options or warrants described in the Disclosure Package and Prospectus, as the case may be).  The Common Stock conforms, and, when issued and delivered as provided in this Agreement, the Units, the Warrants and the Representative’s Warrants will comply in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the each of the Disclosure Package and Prospectus.  All of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance with federal and state securities laws.  None of the outstanding shares of Common Stock were issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company.  There are no authorized or outstanding options, warrants, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other rights to purchase, or equity or debt securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any capital stock of the Company other than those accurately described in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.  The description of the Company’s stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or other rights granted thereunder, set forth or incorporated by reference in each of the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus accurately and fairly presents the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights.

 

(o)                                  Quotation.  The Units, Common Stock, and Warrants have been approved for quotation on the OTC Bulletin Board (“ OTCBB ”) under the symbols “        ,” “                  ,”and “        ,” respectively. The Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the quotation of its Units, Common Stock, or Warrants on the OTCBB, nor has the Company received any notification that OTCBB is contemplating terminating such quotation.

 

(p)                                  N on-Contravention of Existing Instruments; No Further Authorizations or Approvals Required.  T he Company is not in violation of its charter or bylaws or in default (or, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, would be in default) (“ Default ”) under any indenture, mortgage, loan or credit agreement, note, contract, franchise, lease or other instrument to which it is a party or by which it or it may be bound (including, without limitation, such agreements and contracts filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or to which any of the property or assets of the Company is subject (each, an “ Existing Instrument ”)), except for such Defaults as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change.  The Company’s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (i) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and will not result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or bylaws of the Company, (ii) will not conflict with or constitute a breach of, or Default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company pursuant to, or require the consent of any other party to,

 

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any Existing Instrument, except for such conflicts, breaches, Defaults, liens, charges or encumbrances as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change and (iii) will not result in any violation of any law, administrative regulation or administrative or court decree applicable to the Company.  No consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration or filing with, any court or other governmental or regulatory authority or agency, is required for the Company’s execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except the registration or qualification of the Units, Common Stock and Warrants under the Securities Act and applicable state securities or blue sky laws and from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (the “ FINRA ”).

 

(q)                                  N o Material Actions or Proceedings.  Except as otherwise disclosed in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no legal or governmental actions, suits or proceedings pending or, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, threatened (i) against or affecting the Company, (ii) which have as the subject thereof any officer or director (in such capacities) of, or property owned or leased by, the Company or (iii) relating to environmental or discrimination matters, where in any such case (A) there is a reasonable possibility that such action, suit or proceeding might be determined adversely to the Company and (B) any such action, suit or proceeding, if so determined adversely, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change or adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.  No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company exists or, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, is threatened or imminent except for such disputes as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change.

 

(r)                                     Intellectual Property Rights.  T he Company owns or possesses sufficient trademarks, trade names, patent rights, copyrights, domain names, licenses, approvals, trade secrets and other similar rights (collectively, “ Intellectual Property Rights ”) reasonably necessary to conduct its businesses as now conducted; and the expected expiration of any of such Intellectual Property Rights would not result in a Material Adverse Change.  The Company has not received any notice of infringement or conflict with asserted Intellectual Property Rights of others, which infringement or conflict, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, would result in a Material Adverse Change.  The Company is not a party to or bound by any options, licenses or agreements with respect to the Intellectual Property Rights of any other person or entity that are required to be set forth in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and are not described in all material respects.  None of the technology employed by the Company has been obtained or is being used by the Company in violation of any contractual obligation binding on the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its officers, directors or employees or otherwise in violation of the rights of any persons.

 

(s)                                   All Necessary Permits, etc.  Except as otherwise disclosed in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or except as would not result in a Material Adverse Change, the Company possesses such valid and current certificates, authorizations or permits issued by the appropriate state, federal or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies necessary to conduct its businesses, and the Company has not received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of, or non-compliance with, any such certificate, authorization or permit which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, could result in a Material Adverse Change.

 

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(t)                                     Title to Properties.  T he Company has good and marketable title to all the properties and assets reflected as owned in the financial statements referred to in Section 1(l) above (or elsewhere in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus), in each case free and clear of any security interests, mortgages, liens, encumbrances, equities, claims and other defects, except such as do not materially and adversely affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company.  The real property, improvements, equipment and personal property held under lease by the Company are held under valid and enforceable leases, with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such real property, improvements, equipment or personal property by the Company.

 

(u)                                  Tax Law Compliance.  The Company has filed all necessary federal, state and foreign income and franchise tax returns and has paid all taxes required to be paid by it and, if due and payable, any related or similar assessment, fine or penalty levied against it.  The Company has made adequate charges, accruals and reserves in the applicable financial statements referred to in Section 1(l) above in respect of all federal, state and foreign income and franchise taxes for all periods as to which the tax liability of the Company has not been finally determined.

 

(v)                                  Company Not an “Investment Company.”  The Company has been advised of the rules and requirements under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “ Investment Company Act ”).  The Company is not, and after receipt of payment for the Units and the application of the proceeds thereof as contemplated under the caption “Use of Proceeds” in each of the preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus will not be, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act and will conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become subject to the Investment Company Act.

 

(w)                                Insurance.  The Company is insured by recognized, financially sound and reputable institutions with policies in such amounts and with such deductibles and covering such risks as the Company reasonably believes are adequate and customary for its business including, but not limited to, policies covering real and personal property owned or leased by the Company against theft, damage, destruction, acts of vandalism and earthquakes.  The Company reasonably believes that it will be able (i) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (ii) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that would not result in a Material Adverse Change.  The Company has not been denied any insurance coverage which it has sought or for which it has applied.

 

(x)                                    No Price Stabilization or Manipulation.  The Company has not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might be reasonably expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any securities of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Units, Common Stock or Warrants or the underlying securities.  The Company acknowledges that the Underwriters may engage in passive market making transactions in the Units on the OTCBB in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act.

 

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(y)                                  Related Party Transactions.  There are no business relationships or related-party transactions involving the Company or any other person required to be described in the preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus that have not been described as required.

 

(z)                                    Disclosure Controls and Procedures .  The Company has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act), which (i) are designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company is made known to the Company’s principal executive officer and its principal financial officer by others within those entities, particularly during the periods in which the periodic reports required under the Exchange Act are being prepared, (ii) will be evaluated for effectiveness as of the end of each fiscal quarter and fiscal year of the Company and (iii) are effective in all material respects to perform the functions for which they were established.  The Company is not aware of (a) any significant deficiency in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data or any material weaknesses in internal controls or (b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls.

 

(aa)                             Company’s Accounting System.  The Company maintains a system of accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.

 

(bb)                           No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments.  Neither the Company nor, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company has made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state or foreign office in violation of any law or of the character required to be disclosed in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

 

(cc)                             Compliance with Environmental Laws.  Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change (i) the Company is not in violation of any federal, state, local or foreign law or regulation relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata) or wildlife, including without limitation, laws and regulations relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances, petroleum and petroleum products (collectively, “ Materials of Environmental Concern ”), or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Materials of Environment Concern (collectively, “ Environmental Laws ”), which violation includes, but is not limited to, noncompliance with any permits or other governmental authorizations required for the operation of the business of the Company under applicable Environmental Laws, or noncompliance with the terms and conditions thereof, nor has the Company received any written communication, whether from a governmental authority, citizens

 

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group, employee or otherwise, that alleges that the Company is in violation of any Environmental Law; (ii) there is no claim, action or cause of action filed with a court or governmental authority, no investigation with respect to which the Company has received written notice, and no written notice by any person or entity alleging potential liability for investigatory costs, cleanup costs, governmental responses costs, natural resources damages, property damages, personal injuries, attorneys’ fees or penalties arising out of, based on or resulting from the presence, or release into the environment, of any Material of Environmental Concern at any location owned, leased or operated by the Company, now or in the past (collectively, “ Environmental Claims ”), pending or, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, threatened against the Company or any person or entity whose liability for any Environmental Claim the Company has retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of law; and (iii) to the best of the Company’s knowledge, there are no past or present actions, activities, circumstances, conditions, events or incidents, including, without limitation, the release, emission, discharge, presence or disposal of any Material of Environmental Concern, that reasonably could result in a violation of any Environmental Law or form the basis of a potential Environmental Claim against the Company or against any person or entity whose liability for any Environmental Claim the Company has retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of law.

 

(dd)                           ERISA Compliance.  The Company and any “employee benefit plan” (as defined under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (collectively, “ ERISA ”)) established or maintained by the Company or its “ERISA Affiliates” (as defined below) are in compliance in all material respects with ERISA.  “ ERISA Affiliate ” means, with respect to the Company, any member of any group of organizations described in Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (the “ Code ”) of which the Company is a member.  No “reportable event” (as defined under ERISA) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur with respect to any “employee benefit plan” established or maintained by the Company or any of its ERISA Affiliates.  No “employee benefit plan” established or maintained by the Company or any of its ERISA Affiliates, if such “employee benefit plan” were terminated, would have any “amount of unfunded benefit liabilities” (as defined under ERISA).  Neither the Company nor any of its ERISA Affiliates has incurred or reasonably expects to incur any liability under (i) Title IV of ERISA with respect to termination of, or withdrawal from, any “employee benefit plan” or (ii) Section 412, 4971, 4975 or 4980B of the Code.  Each “employee benefit plan” established or maintained by the Company, or any of its ERISA Affiliates that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified and nothing has occurred, whether by action or failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification.

 

(ee)                             Compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.   The Company and, to the best of its knowledge, its officers and directors are in compliance with applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith (the “ Sarbanes-Oxley Act ”) that are effective and are actively taking steps to ensure that they will be in compliance with other applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act upon the effectiveness of such provisions, including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications.

 

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(ff)                                 Material Understandings, Generally .  Except as fairly described in the Prospectus and the Disclosure Package, the Company has not made a determination to take any action and is not a party to any understanding, whether or not legally binding, with any other person with respect to the taking of any action that, if known to prospective purchasers of the Units, would be likely to affect their assessment of the value or prospects of the Company or their decision to invest in the Units.

 

Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to the Representative or to counsel for the Underwriters shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company to each Underwriter as to the matters set forth therein.

 

The Company acknowledges that the Underwriters and, for purposes of the opinions to be delivered pursuant to Section 5 hereof, counsel to the Company and counsel to the Underwriters, will rely upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and hereby consents to such reliance.

 

SECTION 2.  Purchase, Sale and Delivery of the Units.

 

(a)                     The Firm Units.  Upon the terms herein set forth, the Company agrees to issue and sell the Firm Units to the several Underwriters.  On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, and upon the terms but subject to the conditions herein set forth, the Underwriters agree, severally and not jointly, to purchase the Firm Units from the Company.  The purchase price per Firm Unit to be paid by the several Underwriters to the Company shall be $      per Unit.

 

(b)                    The First Closing Date.  Delivery of the Firm Units to be purchased by the Underwriters and payment therefor shall be made at 7:30 a.m. (Pacific time) on               , 2011 or such other time and date as the Representative shall designate by notice to the Company (the time and date of such closing are called the “First Closing Date”).  The Company hereby acknowledges that circumstances under which the Representative may provide notice to postpone the First Closing Date as originally scheduled include, but are in no way limited to, any determination by the Company or the Representative to recirculate to the public copies of an amended or supplemented Prospectus or Disclosure Package or a delay as contemplated by the provisions of Section 10.

 

(c)                     The Optional Units; Each Subsequent Closing Date.  In addition, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, and upon the terms but subject to the conditions herein set forth, the Company hereby grants an option to the Underwriters to purchase up to an aggregate of                    Optional Units from the Company at the purchase price per Unit to be paid by the Underwriters for the Firm Units.  The option granted hereunder may be exercised at any time and from time to time upon notice by the Representative to the Company which notice may be given at any time within 45 days from the date of this Agreement.  Such notice shall set forth (i) the aggregate number of Optional Units as to which the Underwriters are exercising the option, (ii) the names and denominations in which the Optional Units are to be registered and (iii) the time, date and place at which such Optional Units will be delivered (which time and date may be simultaneous with, but not earlier than, the First Closing Date; and in such case the term “First Closing Date” shall refer to the time and date of delivery of the Firm Units and the Optional Units).  Each time and date of delivery, if subsequent

 

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to the First Closing Date, is called the “ Subsequent Closing Date ” and shall be determined by the Representative and shall not be earlier than three nor later than five full business days after delivery of such notice of exercise.

 

(d)                    Public Offering of the Units.  The Representative hereby advises the Company that the Underwriters intend to offer for sale to the public, as described in the Prospectus, the Units as soon after this Agreement has been executed and the Registration Statement has been declared effective as the Representative, in its sole judgment, has determined is advisable and practicable.

 

(e)                     Payment for the Units.  Payment for the Units to be sold by the Company shall be made at the First Closing Date (and, if applicable, at any Subsequent Closing Date) by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the order of the Company.  It is understood that the Representative has been authorized, for its own account and the accounts of the several Underwriters, to accept delivery of and receipt for, and make payment of the purchase price for, the Firm Units and any Optional Units the Underwriters have agreed to purchase.  The Representative, individually and not as the Representative of the Underwriters, may (but shall not be obligated to) make payment for any Units to be purchased by any Underwriter whose funds shall not have been received by the Representative by the First Closing Date or any Subsequent Closing Date, as the case may be, for the account of such Underwriter, but any such payment shall not relieve such Underwriter from any of its obligations under this Agreement.

 

(f)                       Delivery of the Units.  Delivery of the Firm Units and the Optional Units shall be made through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company unless the Representative shall otherwise instruct.  Time shall be of the essence, and delivery at the time and place specified in this Agreement is a further condition to the obligations of the Underwriters.

 

(g)                    Delivery of Prospectus to the Underwriters.  Not later than 10:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the second business day following the date the Units are first released by the Underwriters for sale to the public, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered, copies of the Prospectus in such quantities and at such places as the Representative shall request.

 

(h)                    Representative’s Warrants.  In addition to the sums payable to the Representative as provided elsewhere herein, the Representative shall be entitled to receive at the closing occurring on the First Closing Date, for itself alone and not as Representative of the Underwriters, as additional compensation for its services, Representative’s Warrants for the purchase of up to                  Units at a price of $     per Unit, upon the terms and subject to adjustment and conversion as described in the form of Representative’s Warrants filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.

 

SECTION 3.  Covenants of the Company.

 

The Company covenants and agrees with each Underwriter as follows:

 

(a)                     Representative’s Review of Proposed Amendments and Supplements.  During the period beginning at the Initial Sale Time and ending on the later of the First Closing Date or such date as, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters, the Prospectus is no longer required by law to be delivered in connection with sales by an Underwriter or dealer, including under circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act (the “ Prospectus Delivery Period ”), prior to amending or supplementing the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any amendment or supplement through incorporation by reference of any report filed under the Exchange Act, the Company shall furnish to the Representative for

 

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review a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement, and the Company shall not file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Representative reasonably object.

 

(b)                    Securities Act Compliance.   After the date of this Agreement, the Company shall promptly advise the Representative in writing (i) when the Registration Statement, if not effective at the Execution Time, shall have become effective, (ii) of the receipt of any comments of, or requests for additional or supplemental information from, the Commission, (iii) of the time and date of any filing of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus, (iv) of the time and date that any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement becomes effective and (v) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or of any order or notice preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus, or of any proceedings to remove, suspend or terminate from listing or quotation the Common Stock from any securities exchange upon which it is listed for trading or included or designated for quotation, or of the threatening or initiation of any proceedings for any of such purposes.  The Company shall use its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such stop order or prevention or suspension of such use.  If the Commission shall enter any such stop order or order or notice of prevention or suspension at any time, the Company will use its best efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible moment, or will file a new registration statement and use its best efforts to have such new registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable.  Additionally, the Company agrees that it shall comply with the provisions of Rules 424(b) and 430A, as applicable, under the Securities Act, including with respect to the timely filing of documents thereunder, and will use its reasonable efforts to confirm that any filings made by the Company under such Rule 424(b) were received in a timely manner by the Commission.

 

(c)                     Exchange Act Compliance.  During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will file all documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15 of the Exchange Act in the manner and within the time periods required by the Exchange Act.

 

(d)                    Amendments and Supplements to the Registration Statement, Prospectus and Other Securities Act Matters.  If, during the Prospectus Delivery Period, any event or development shall occur or condition exist as a result of which the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, as the case may be, not misleading, or if it shall be necessary to amend or supplement the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, or to file under the Exchange Act any document incorporated by reference in the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, as the case may be, not misleading, or if in the opinion of the Representative it is otherwise necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, or to file under the Exchange Act any document incorporated by reference in the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, or to file a new registration statement containing the Prospectus, in order to comply with law, including in connection with the delivery of the Prospectus, the Company agrees to (i) notify the Representative of any such event or condition (unless such event or condition was previously brought to the Company’s attention by the Representative during the Prospectus Delivery Period) and (ii) promptly prepare (subject to

 

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Sections 3(a) and 3(e) hereof), file with the Commission (and use its best efforts to have any amendment to the Registration Statement or any new registration statement to be declared effective) and furnish at its own expense to the Underwriters and to dealers, amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, or any new registration statement, necessary in order to make the statements in the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, as the case may be, not misleading or so that the Registration Statement, the Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with law.

 

(e)                     Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses .  The Company represents that it has not made, and agrees that, (i) unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Representative and (ii) is not an “ineligible issuer” (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act, it will not make, any offer relating to the Units that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or that would otherwise constitute a “ free writing prospectus ” (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act) required to be filed by the Company with the Commission or retained by the Company under Rule 433 of the Securities Act.  Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Representative is hereinafter referred to as a “ Permitted Free Writing Prospectus ” and shall be included in Schedule B hereto.  The Company agrees that (i) it has treated and will treat, as the case may be, each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and (ii) has complied and will comply, as the case may be, with the requirements of Rules 164, 405 and 433 of the Securities Act applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including in respect of timely filing with the Commission, legending and record keeping.

 

(f)                       Copies of any Amendments and Supplements to the Prospectus.  The Company agrees to furnish the Representative, without charge, during the Prospectus Delivery Period, as many copies of each of the preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus and the Disclosure Package and any amendments and supplements thereto (including any documents incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference therein) as the Representative may reasonably request.

 

(g)                    Blue Sky Compliance.  The Company shall cooperate with the Representative and counsel for the Underwriters to qualify or register the Units, Common Stock and Warrants for sale under (or obtain exemptions from the application of) the state securities or blue sky laws of those jurisdictions designated by the Representative, shall comply with such laws and shall continue such qualifications, registrations and exemptions in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Units, Common Stock and Warrants.  The Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to take any action that would subject it to general service of process in any such jurisdiction where it is not presently qualified or where it would be subject to taxation as a foreign corporation.  The Company will advise the Representative promptly of the suspension of the qualification or registration of (or any such exemption relating to) the Units, Common Stock and/or Warrants for offering, sale or trading in any jurisdiction or any initiation or threat of any proceeding for any such purpose, and in the event of the issuance of any order suspending such qualification, registration or exemption, the Company shall use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal thereof at the earliest possible moment.

 

(h)                    Use of Proceeds.  The Company shall apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Units sold by it in the manner described under the caption “Use of Proceeds” in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

 

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(i)                        Transfer Agent.  The Company shall engage and maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Units, Common Stock and Warrants.

 

(j)                        Earnings Statement.  As soon as practicable and in any event no later than 15 months after the effective date of the Registration Statement, the Company will make generally available to its security holders and to the Representative an earnings statement (which need not be audited) covering a period of at least 12 months beginning after the effective date of the Registration Statement that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 under the Securities Act.

 

(k)                     Periodic Reporting Obligations.  During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company shall file, on a timely basis, with the Commission all reports and documents required to be filed under the Exchange Act.  Additionally, the Company shall report the use of proceeds from the issuance of the Units as may be required under Rule 463 under the Securities Act.

 

(l)                        Company to Provide Interim Financial Statements.  Prior to the First Closing Date and, if applicable, each Subsequent Closing Date, the Company will furnish the Underwriters, as soon as they have been prepared by or are available to the Company, a copy of any unaudited interim financial statements of the Company for any period subsequent to the period covered by the most recent financial statements appearing in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

 

(m)                  Quotation The Company will use its best efforts to include, subject to notice of issuance, the Units, Common Stock and the Warrants on the OTCBB.

 

(n)                    Agreement Not to Offer or Sell Additional Securities.  During the period commencing on the date hereof and ending on the 90 th  day following the date of the Prospectus, the Company will not, without the prior written consent of the Representative (which consent may be withheld at the Representative’s sole discretion), directly or indirectly, sell, offer, contract or grant any option to sell, pledge, transfer or establish an open “ put equivalent position ” within the meaning of Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act, or otherwise dispose of or transfer, or announce the offering of, or file any registration statement under the Securities Act (except as contemplated by the Prospectus) in respect of, any shares of Common Stock, options or warrants to acquire shares of the Common Stock or securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock (other than as contemplated by this Agreement with respect to the Units); provided, however, that the Company may issue shares of its Common Stock or options to purchase its Common Stock, or shares of Common Stock upon exercise of options, in each case, pursuant to any stock option, stock bonus or other stock plan, arrangement or contractual obligation described in the Prospectus.

 

(o)                    Reserved .

 

(p)                    Future Reports to the Representative.  During the period of five years hereafter, the Company will furnish, if not otherwise available on EDGAR, to the Representative at 811 SW Naito Parkway, Portland, Oregon 97204, Attention:  Syndicate Department:  (i) as soon as

 

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practicable after the end of each fiscal year, copies of the Annual Report of the Company containing the balance sheet of the Company as of the close of such fiscal year and statements of income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year then ended and the opinion thereon of the Company’s independent public or certified public accountants; (ii) as soon as practicable after the filing thereof, copies of each proxy statement, Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Current Report on Form 8-K or other report filed by the Company with the Commission, the FINRA or any securities exchange; and (iii) as soon as available, copies of any report or communication of the Company mailed generally to holders of its capital stock.

 

(q)                    Investment Limitation.  The Company shall not invest, or otherwise use the proceeds received by the Company from its sale of the Units in such a manner as would require the Company to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.

 

(r)                       No Manipulation of Price.  The Company will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or result in, or that has constituted or might reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any securities of the Company.

 

(s)                     Existing Lock-Up Agreements.  Except as described in the Prospectus, t here are no existing agreements between the Company and its security holders that prohibit the sale, transfer, assignment, pledge or hypothecation of any of the Company’s securities.  The Company will direct the transfer agent to place stop transfer restrictions upon the securities of the Company that are bound by such “lock-up” agreements for the duration of the periods contemplated therein.

 

SECTION 4.  Payment of Expenses.

 

(a)                     The Representative shall be entitled to reimbursement from the Company, for itself alone and not as Representative of the Underwriters, to a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 3% of the aggregate initial public offering price of the Firm Units.  The Representative shall be entitled to withhold this allowance on the Closing Date related to the purchase of the Firm Units.

 

(b)                    In addition to the payment described in Paragraph (a) of this Section 4, the Company agrees to pay all costs, fees and expenses incurred in connection with the performance of its obligations hereunder and in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including without limitation (i) all expenses incident to the issuance and delivery of the Units (including all printing and engraving costs, if any), (ii) all fees and expenses of the registrar and transfer agent of the Common Stock and the warrant agent, (iii) all necessary issue, transfer and other stamp taxes in connection with the issuance and sale of the Units to the Underwriters, (iv) all fees and expenses of the Company’s counsel, independent public or certified public accountants and other advisors, (v) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, printing, filing, shipping and distribution of the Registration Statement (including financial statements, exhibits, schedules, consents and certificates of experts), each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, each preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus, and all amendments and supplements thereto, and this Agreement, (vi) all filing fees, attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred by the Company or the Underwriters in connection with qualifying or registering (or obtaining exemptions from the qualification or registration of) all or any part of the Units for offer and sale under the state securities or blue sky laws, and, if requested by the Representative, preparing and printing a “Blue Sky Survey” or memorandum, and any supplements thereto, advising the Underwriters of such qualifications, registrations and exemptions, (vii) the filing fees incident to the FINRA’s review and approval of the Underwriters’ participation in the offering and distribution of the Units, and (viii) all other fees, costs and expenses referred to in Item 25 of Part II of the

 

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Registration Statement.  Except as provided in this Section 4, Section 6, Section 8 and Section 9 hereof, the Underwriters shall pay its own expenses, including the fees and disbursements of its counsel.

 

SECTION 5.  Conditions of the Obligations of the Underwriters.  The obligations of the several Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Firm Units as provided herein on the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Units, each Subsequent Closing Date, shall be subject to (1) the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company set forth in Section 1 hereof as of the date hereof and as of the First Closing Date and each Subsequent Closing Date as though then made; (2) the timely performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder; and (3) each of the following additional conditions:

 

(a)                     Accountant’s Comfort Letter.  On the date hereof, the Representative shall have received from the Accountant, a letter dated the date hereof addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representative, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountant’s “comfort letters” to underwriters, delivered according to Statement of Auditing Standards No. 72 (or any successor bulletin), with respect to the audited and unaudited financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (and the Representative shall have received an additional four conformed copies of such accountant’s letter for the several Underwriters).

 

(b)                    Effectiveness of Registration Statement; Compliance with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order.   For the period from and after effectiveness of this Agreement and prior to the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Units, any Subsequent Closing Date:

 

(i)                                      the Company shall have filed the Prospectus with the Commission (including the information required by Rule 430A under the Securities Act) in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act; or the Company shall have filed a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement containing the information required by such Rule 430A, and such post-effective amendment shall have become effective; and

 

(ii)                                   no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, or any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement, shall be in effect and no proceedings for such purpose shall have been instituted or threatened by the Commission.

 

(c)                     No Material Adverse Change.  For the period from and after the date of this Agreement and prior to the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Units, each Subsequent Closing Date, in the judgment of the Representative there shall not have occurred any Material Adverse Change.

 

(d)                    Opinion of Counsel for the Company.  On each of the First Closing Date and each Subsequent Closing Date, the Representative shall have received the opinion of Hart & Trinen, LLP, counsel for the Company, dated as of the First Closing Date or the Subsequent Closing Date, as applicable, substantially in the form attached as Exhibit A (and the Representative shall have received an additional four conformed copies of such counsel’s legal opinion for the several Underwriters).

 

(e)                     Opinion of Counsel for the Underwriters.  On each of the First Closing Date and each Subsequent Closing Date the Underwriters shall have received the opinion of Holland & Knight

 

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LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, dated as of the First Closing Date or the Subsequent Closing Date, as applicable, in a form satisfactory to the Representative (and the Representative shall have received an additional four conformed copies of such counsel’s legal opinion for the several Underwriters).

 

(f)                       Officers’ Certificate.  On each of the First Closing Date and each Subsequent Closing Date the Representative shall have received a written certificate executed by the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer or President of the Company and the Chief Financial Officer or Chief Accounting Officer of the Company, dated as of such Closing Date, to the effect that the signers of such certificate have reviewed the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto and this Agreement, to the effect set forth in subsection (b)(ii) of this Section 5, and further to the effect that:

 

(i)                                      for the period from and after the date of this Agreement and prior to such Closing Date, there has not occurred any Material Adverse Change;

 

(ii)                                   the representations, warranties and covenants of the Company set forth in Section 1 of this Agreement are true and correct with the same force and effect as though expressly made on and as of such Closing Date; and

 

(iii)                                the Company has complied with all the agreements hereunder and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to such Closing Date.

 

(g)                    Bring-down Comfort Letter.  On each of the First Closing Date and each Subsequent Closing Date, the Representative shall have received from the Accountant, a letter dated such date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representative, to the effect that they reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished by them pursuant to subsection (a) of this Section 5, except that the specified date referred to therein for the carrying out of procedures shall be no more than three business days prior to the First Closing Date or Subsequent Closing Date, as the case may be (and the Representative shall have received an additional four conformed copies of such accountant’s letter for the several Underwriters).

 

(h)                    Lock-Up Agreement from Certain Securityholders of the Company.  On or prior to the date hereof, the Company shall have furnished to the Representative an agreement in the form of Exhibit B hereto from each of the Company’s officers and directors, and such agreement shall be in full force and effect on each of the First Closing Date and each Subsequent Closing Date.

 

(i)                        Additional Documents.  On or before each of the First Closing Date and each Subsequent Closing Date, the Representative and counsel for the Underwriters shall have received such information, documents and opinions as they may reasonably require for the purposes of enabling them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Units as contemplated herein, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations and warranties, or the satisfaction of any of the conditions or agreements, herein contained.

 

If any condition specified in this Section 5 is not satisfied when and as required to be satisfied, this Agreement may be terminated by the Representative by notice to the Company at any time on or prior to the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Units, at any time prior to each Subsequent Closing Date, which termination shall be without liability on the part of any

 

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party to any other party, except that Section 4, Section 6, Section 8 and Section 9 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.

 

SECTION 6.  Reimbursement of Underwriters’ Expenses.  If this Agreement is terminated by the Representative pursuant to Section 5 or Section 11, or by the Company pursuant to Section 7, or if the sale to the Underwriters of the Units on the First Closing Date or Subsequent Closing Date is not consummated because of any refusal, inability or failure on the part of the Company to perform any agreement herein or to comply with any provision hereof, the Company agrees to reimburse the Representative and the other Underwriters for such Underwriters as have terminated this Agreement with regard to themselves, severally, upon demand for all out-of-pocket expenses that shall have been reasonably incurred by the Representative and the Underwriters in connection with the proposed purchase and the offering and sale of the Units, including but not limited to fees and disbursements of counsel, printing expenses, travel expenses, postage, facsimile and telephone charges; provided, however, that the Company shall only reimburse the Representative (and not any of the other Underwriters) for fees and disbursements of counsel.

 

SECTION 7.  Effectiveness of this Agreement.  This Agreement shall not become effective until the later of (i) the execution of this Agreement by the parties hereto and (ii) notification (including by way of oral notification from the reviewer at the Commission) by the Commission to the Company of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement under the Securities Act; provided that Sections 4, 6, 8 and 9 shall at all times be effective.

 

Prior to such effectiveness, this Agreement may be terminated by any party by notice to each of the other parties hereto, and any such termination shall be without liability on the part of (a) the Company to any Underwriter, except that (solely in the case where the Company has terminated this Agreement pursuant to this Section 7) the Company shall be obligated to reimburse the expenses of the Representative and the Underwriters pursuant to Sections 4 and 6 hereof, or (b) any Underwriter to the Company except that the provisions of Section 8 and Section 9 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.

 

SECTION 8.  Indemnification.

 

(a)                     Indemnification of the Underwriters.

 

(1)                     The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its officers and employees, and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which such Underwriter or such controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or at common law or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company), insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions in respect thereof as contemplated below) arises out of or is based (i) upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereto, including any information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430A, Rule 430B and Rule 430C under the Securities Act, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; or (ii) upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or

 

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alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; or (iii) in whole or in part upon any inaccuracy in the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein; or (iv) in whole or in part upon any failure of the Company to perform its obligations hereunder or under law; or (v) upon any act or failure to act or any alleged act or failure to act by any Underwriter in connection with, or relating in any manner to, the Common Stock or the offering contemplated hereby, and which is included as part of or referred to in any loss, claim, damage, liability or action arising out of or based upon any matter covered by clause (i) or (ii) above, provided that the Company shall not be liable under this clause (v) to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction shall have determined by a final judgment that such loss, claim, damage, liability or action resulted directly from any such acts or failures to act undertaken or omitted to be taken by such Underwriter through its bad faith or willful misconduct; and to reimburse each Underwriter and each such controlling person for any and all expenses (including the fees and disbursements of counsel chosen by the Representative) as such expenses are reasonably incurred by such Underwriter or such controlling person in connection with investigating, defending, settling, compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or action; provided , however , that the foregoing indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense to the extent, but only to the extent, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter directly or through the Representative expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto).  The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section 8(a)(1) shall be in addition to any liabilities that the Company may otherwise have.

 

(b)                    Indemnification of the Company, its Directors and Officers.  Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which the Company, or any such director, officer, or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or at common law or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of such Underwriter), insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions in respect thereof as contemplated below) arises out of or is based upon any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or arises out of or is based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Representative expressly for use therein; and to reimburse the Company, or any such director, officer, or controlling person for any legal and other expense reasonably incurred by the Company, or any such director, officer, or controlling person in connection with investigating, defending, settling, compromising or paying any such

 

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loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or action.  The Company hereby acknowledges that the only information that the Underwriters have furnished to the Company expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) are the statements set forth in the table in the first paragraph and in the Section entitled “Stabilization” under the caption “Underwriting” in the preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus; and the Underwriters confirm that such statements are correct.  The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section 8(b) shall be in addition to any liabilities that each Underwriter may otherwise have.

 

(c)                     Notifications and Other Indemnification Procedures.  Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 8 of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against an indemnifying party under this Section 8, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof, but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party will not relieve it from any liability which it may have to any indemnified party for contribution or otherwise than under the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 8 or to the extent it is not prejudiced as a proximate result of such failure.  In case any such action is brought against any indemnified party and such indemnified party seeks or intends to seek indemnity from an indemnifying party, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in, and, to the extent that it shall elect, jointly with all other indemnifying parties similarly notified, by written notice delivered to the indemnified party promptly after receiving the aforesaid notice from such indemnified party, to assume the defense thereof with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party; provided, however, if the defendants in any such action include both the indemnified party and the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have reasonably concluded that a conflict may arise between the positions of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party in conducting the defense of any such action or that there may be legal defenses available to it and/or other indemnified parties which are different from or additional to those available to the indemnifying party, the indemnified party or parties shall have the right to select separate counsel to assume such legal defenses and to otherwise participate in the defense of such action on behalf of such indemnified party or parties.  Upon receipt of notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of such indemnifying party’s election so to assume the defense of such action and approval by the indemnified party of counsel, the indemnifying party will not be liable to such indemnified party under this Section 8 for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof unless (i) the indemnified party shall have employed separate counsel in accordance with the proviso to the next preceding sentence (it being understood, however, that the indemnifying party shall not be liable for the expenses of more than one separate counsel (together with local counsel), approved by the indemnifying party (the Representative in the case of Section 8(b) and Section 9), representing the indemnified parties who are parties to such action) or (ii) the indemnifying party shall not have employed counsel satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party within a reasonable time after notice of commencement of the action, in each of which cases the fees and expenses of counsel shall be at the expense of the indemnifying party.

 

(d)                    Settlements.  The indemnifying party under this Section 8 shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify the indemnified party against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense by reason of such

 

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settlement or judgment.  Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by Section 8(c) hereof, the indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 30 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request and (ii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed the indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.  No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement, compromise or consent to the entry of judgment in any pending or threatened action, suit or proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnity was or could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such action, suit or proceeding.

 

SECTION 9.  Contribution.  If the indemnification provided for in Section 8 is for any reason held to be unavailable to or otherwise insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the aggregate amount paid or payable by such indemnified party, as incurred, as a result of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to therein (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the indemnifying parties on the one hand, and the indemnified parties, on the other hand, from the offering of the Units pursuant to this Agreement or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the indemnifying parties, on the one hand, and the indemnified parties, on the other hand, in connection with the statements or omissions or inaccuracies in the representations and warranties herein which resulted in such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.  The relative benefits received by the indemnifying parties, on the one hand, and the indemnified parties, on the other hand, in connection with the offering of the Units pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the total net proceeds from the offering of the Units pursuant to this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the indemnifying parties, and the total underwriting discount received by the indemnified parties, in each case as set forth on the front cover page of the Prospectus bear to the aggregate initial public offering price of the Units as set forth on such cover.  The relative fault of the indemnifying parties, on the one hand, and the indemnified parties, on the other hand, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any such untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact or any such inaccurate or alleged inaccurate representation or warranty relates to information supplied by indemnifying parties, on the one hand, or the indemnified parties, on the other hand, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

 

The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses referred to above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 8(c), any legal or other fees or expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with investigating or defending any action or claim.  The provisions set forth in Section 8(c) with respect to notice of commencement of any action shall apply if a claim for contribution is to be made under this Section 9; provided, however, that no additional notice shall be required with

 

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respect to any action for which notice has been given under Section 8(c) for purposes of indemnification.

 

The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 9 were determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in this Section 9.

 

Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 9, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting commissions received by such Underwriter in connection with the Units underwritten by it and distributed to the public.  No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.  The Underwriters’ obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 9 are several, and not joint, in proportion to their respective underwriting commitments as set forth opposite their names in Schedule A.  For purposes of this Section 9, each officer and employee of any Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter; and each director of the Company, each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company.

 

SECTION 10.  Default of One or More of the Several Underwriters.   If, on the First Closing Date or each Subsequent Closing Date, as the case may be, any one or more of the several Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Units that it or they have agreed to purchase hereunder on such date, and the aggregate number of Units which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase does not exceed 10% of the aggregate number of the Units to be purchased on such date, the other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally, in the proportions that the number of Firm Units set forth opposite their respective names on Schedule A bears to the aggregate number of Firm Units set forth opposite the names of all such non-defaulting Underwriters, or in such other proportions as may be specified by the Representative with the consent of the non-defaulting Underwriters, to purchase the Units which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase on such date.  If, on the First Closing Date or each Subsequent Closing Date, as the case may be, any one or more of the Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Units and the aggregate number of Units with respect to which such default occurs exceeds 10% of the aggregate number of Units to be purchased on such date, and arrangements satisfactory to the Representative and the Company for the purchase of such Units are not made within 48 hours after such default, this Agreement shall terminate without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 4, Section 6, Section 8 and Section 9 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.  In any such case either the Representative or the Company shall have the right to postpone the First Closing Date or each Subsequent Closing Date, as the case may be, but in no event for longer than seven days in order that the required changes, if any, to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or any other documents or arrangements may be effected.

 

As used in this Agreement, the term “Underwriter” shall be deemed to include any person substituted for a defaulting Underwriter under this Section 10.  Any action taken under this Section 10 shall not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under this Agreement.

 

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SECTION 11.  Termination of this Agreement.  Prior to the First Closing Date and, with respect to Optional Units, each Subsequent Closing Date, whether before or after notification by the Commission to the Company of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement under the Securities Act, this Agreement may be terminated by the Representative by notice given to the Company if at any time (i) trading or quotation in any of the Company’s securities shall have been suspended or limited by the Commission or by the OTCBB; (ii) a general banking moratorium shall have been declared by any of federal, New York or Colorado authorities; (iii) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of national or international hostilities or any crisis or calamity, or any change in the United States or international financial markets, or any substantial change or development involving a prospective substantial change in United States’ or international political, financial or economic conditions that, in the judgment of the Representative is material and adverse and makes it impracticable to market the Units in the manner and on the terms described in the Prospectus or to enforce contracts for the sale of securities; or (iv) in the judgment of the Representative there shall have occurred any Material Adverse Change (regardless of whether any loss associated with such Material Adverse Change shall have been insured).  Any termination pursuant to this Section 11 shall be without liability on the part of (a) the Company to any Underwriter, except that the Company shall be obligated to reimburse the expenses of the Representative and the Underwriters pursuant to Section 6 hereof, (b) any Underwriter to the Company, or (c) of any party hereto to any other party except that the provisions of Section 8 and Section 9 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.

 

SECTION 12.  No Advisory or Fiduciary Responsibility.   The Company acknowledges and agrees that: (i) the purchase and sale of the Units pursuant to this Agreement, including the determination of the public offering price of the Units and any related discounts and commissions, is an arm’s-length commercial transaction between the Company, on the one hand, and the several Underwriters, on the other hand, and the Company is capable of evaluating and understanding and understands and accepts the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; (ii) in connection with each transaction contemplated hereby and the process leading to such transaction each Underwriter is and has been acting solely as a principal and is not the financial advisor, agent or fiduciary of the Company or its affiliates, stockholders, creditors or employees or any other party; (iii) no Underwriter has assumed and will not assume an advisory, agency or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company with respect to any of the transactions contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether such Underwriter has advised or is currently advising the Company on other matters) and no Underwriter has an obligation to the Company with respect to the offering contemplated hereby except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement; (iv) the several Underwriters and their respective affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Company and that the several Underwriters have no obligation to disclose any of such interests by virtue of any advisory, agency or fiduciary relationship; and (v) the Underwriters have not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the offering contemplated hereby and the Company has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it deemed appropriate.  The Company hereby waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against the several Underwriters with respect to any breach or alleged breach of agency or fiduciary duty.

 

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This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements and understandings (whether written or oral) between the Company and the several Underwriters, or any of them, with respect to the subject matter hereof.

 

SECTION 13.     Representations and Indemnities to Survive Delivery.  The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company, of its officers, and of the several Underwriters set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or the Company or any of its or their partners, officers or directors or any controlling person, as the case may be, and will survive delivery of and payment for the Units sold hereunder and any termination of this Agreement.

 

SECTION 14.  Notices.  All communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed, hand delivered or telecopied and confirmed to the parties hereto as follows:

 

If to the Representative:

 

Paulson Investment Company, Inc.

811 SW Naito Parkway, Suite 200

Portland, OR  97204

Facsimile:  (503) 243-6095

Attention:  Syndicate Department

 

with a copy to:

 

Holland & Knight LLP

111 SW Fifth Avenue, Suite 2300

Portland, OR  97204

Facsimile:  (503) 241-8014

Attention:  Mark A. von Bergen

 

If to the Company:

 

Vanguard Energy Corporation

1330 Port Oak Blvd., Suite 1600

Houston, Texas 77056

Facsimile:  [                            ]

Attention:  Warren Dillard

 

with a copy to:

 

William T. Hart, Esq.

Hart & Trinen, LLP

Denver, CO  80203

Facsimile:  [                          ]

Attention:  William T. Hart, Esq.

 

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Any party hereto may change the address for receipt of communications by giving written notice to the others.

 

SECTION 15.            Successors.  This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto, including any substitute Underwriters, pursuant to Section 10 hereof, and to the benefit of the employees, officers and directors and controlling persons referred to in Section 8 and Section 9, and in each case their respective successors, and personal representatives and no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder.  The term “ successors ” shall not include any purchaser of the Units as such from any of the Underwriters merely by reason of such purchase.

 

SECTION 16.            Partial Unenforceability.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other Section, paragraph or provision hereof.  If any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.

 

SECTION 17.            Governing Law Provisions.  THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INTERNAL LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK APPLICABLE TO AGREEMENTS MADE AND TO BE PERFORMED IN SUCH STATE.

 

SECTION 18.    Consent to Jurisdiction.  Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby (“ Related Proceedings ”) may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in Portland, Oregon or the courts of the Oregon in each case located in Portland, Oregon (collectively, the “ Specified Courts ”), and each party irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction (except for proceedings instituted in regard to the enforcement of a judgment of any such court (a “ Related Judgment ”), as to which such jurisdiction is non-exclusive) of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding.  Service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail to such party’s address set forth above shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court.  The parties irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim in any such court that any such suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.

 

SECTION 19.    General Provisions.  This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or oral and all contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof.  This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each one of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.  This Agreement may not be amended or modified unless in writing by all of the parties hereto, and no condition herein (express or implied) may be waived unless waived in writing by each party whom the condition is meant to benefit.  The Section headings herein are for the convenience of the parties only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.

 

27



 

Each of the parties hereto acknowledges that it is a sophisticated business person who was adequately represented by counsel during negotiations regarding the provisions hereof, including, without limitation, the indemnification provisions of Section 8 and the contribution provisions of Section 9, and is fully informed regarding said provisions.  Each of the parties hereto further acknowledges that the provisions of Sections 8 and 9 hereto fairly allocate the risks in light of the ability of the parties to investigate the Company, its affairs and its business in order to assure that adequate disclosure has been made in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus (and any amendments and supplements thereto), as required by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.

 

The respective indemnities, contribution agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company and the several Underwriters set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect, regardless of (i) any investigation, or statement as to the results thereof, made by or on behalf of any Underwriter, the officers or employees of any Underwriter, any person controlling any Underwriter, the Company, the officers or employees of the Company, or any person controlling the Company, (ii) acceptance of the Units and payment for them hereunder and (iii) termination of this Agreement.

 

Except as otherwise provided, this Agreement has been and is made solely for the benefit of and shall be binding upon the Company, the Underwriters, the Underwriters’ officers and employees, any controlling persons referred to herein, the Company’s directors and the Company’s officers who sign the Registration Statement and their respective successors and assigns, all as and to the extent provided in this Agreement, and no other person shall acquire or have any right under or by virtue of this Agreement.  The term “ successors and assigns ” shall not include a purchaser of any of the Units from any of the several Underwriters merely because of such purchase.

 

28



 

If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, kindly sign and return to the Company the enclosed copies hereof, whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts hereof, shall become a binding agreement in accordance with its terms.

 

 

 

Very truly yours,

 

 

 

VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

Warren Dillard

 

 

Title:

Chief Executive Officer

 

The foregoing Underwriting Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted by the Representative as of the date first above written.

 

PAULSON INVESTMENT COMPANY, INC.
Acting as the Representative of the Several

Underwriters named in the attached Schedule A.

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

29



 

SCHEDULE A

 

Underwriters

 

Number of Firm
Units to be
Purchased

 

Paulson Investment Company, Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

 

SCH. A-1



 

SCHEDULE B

 

Issuer Free Writing Prospectus

 

SCH. B-1



 

Schedule C

Pricing Terms

 

Price per Unit to public:  $             

 

Underwriting discount and commissions per Unit:  $           

 

Offering proceeds to the Company, before expenses:  $         

 

Closing Date:               , 2011

 

SCH. C-1




Exhibit 5

HART & TRINEN, LLP
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
1624 Washington Street
Denver, CO 80203

William T. Hart, P.C.
Donald T. Trinen
 
 
  Email: harttrinen@aol.com Facsimile: (303) 839-5414
    (303) 839-0061    

July 26, 2011

Vanguard Energy Corporation
1330 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 1600
Houston, TX 77056

        This letter will constitute an opinion upon the legality of the sale by Vanguard Energy Corporation, a Colorado corporation (the "Company"), of up to 8,750,000 units (the "Units"), including Units covered by the underwriters' over-allotment option and units underlying the Representative's Warrant, up to 17,500,000 shares of the Company's common stock, (the "Common Stock") and up to 8,750,000 Class A Warrants (the "Warrants"), as wells as the Representative's Warrant all as referred to in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

        We have examined the Articles of Incorporation, the Bylaws and the minutes of the Board of Directors of the Company, the applicable laws of Colorado and Oregon, and a copy of the Registration Statement. In our opinion, such securities, have been duly authorized and when sold, will represent legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable Units, shares of Common Stock and Class A Warrants, as the case may be, and the Representative's Warrant and the Class A Warrants are the legal, binding obligations of the Company.

Very truly yours,

HART & TRINEN

/s/ William T. Hart




EXHIBIT 10.10

 

Form of Convertible Note used in Company’s

Private Offering of Convertible Notes

And Series A Warrants

 



 

8% SECURED NOTE

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Vanguard Energy Corporation, a Colorado corporation, and its successors and assigns, (the “Company”) promises to pay to the order of                                (the “Holder”) or, the principal sum of One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) in lawful money of the United States of America, together with interest on so much of the principal balance thereof as is from time to time outstanding at the rate hereinafter provided, and payable as hereinafter provided.

 

This Note is one of a series of Notes, designated the 8% Convertible Notes (individually referred to herein as a “Note,” the series of notes is referred to herein collectively as the “Notes”), aggregating up to $                   issued by the Company.  All the Notes shall rank pari passu in respect to payment of principal and interest and upon any dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Company.  Any action permitted by this Note that is taken by one holder will be deemed to have been taken by all holders in proportion to the Principal Amount of each Holder’s Note as compared to the total Principal Amount of the Notes then outstanding.

 

1.                                        Interest Rate .  The unpaid balance of this Note shall bear interest at the rate of eight percent (8%) per annum, simple interest.  Interest shall be calculated on a 365-day year and the actual number of days in each month.

 

2.                                        Payment/Maturity Date .   Interest on the Note shall be paid quarterly, on the last day of March, June, September and December in each year, beginning December 31, 2010, and continuing until the Note is finally paid.  The total outstanding principal balance hereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest, shall be paid on October 31, 2012.  Interest must be paid in cash.

 

3.                                        Conversion .

 

(a)                                   The Holder shall have the option to convert all or any part of the principal amount of this Note, together with all accrued interest thereon in accordance with the provisions of and upon satisfaction of the conditions contained in this Note, into fully paid and non-assessable shares of the Company’s common stock as is determined by dividing that portion of the outstanding principal balance and accrued interest under this Note as of such date that the Holder elects to convert by the Conversion Price.  The initial Conversion Price is $1.00.

 

(b)                                  No fractional shares of common stock shall be issued upon conversion of this Note, and in lieu thereof the number of shares of common stock to be issued upon each conversion shall be rounded up to the nearest whole number of shares of common stock.

 

1



 

(c)                                   The Holder’s conversion right set forth in this Section may be exercised at any time after April 30, 2011 and from time to time but prior to payment in full of the principal and accrued interest on this Note.

 

(d)                                  The Holder may exercise the right to convert all or any portion of this Note only by delivery of a properly completed conversion notice on a Business Day to the Company’s principal executive offices.  Such conversion shall be deemed to have been made immediately prior to the close of business on the Business Day of such delivery of the conversion notice (the “Conversion Date”), and the Holder shall be treated for all purposes as the record holder of the shares of common stock into which this Note is converted as of such date.  For purposes of this Note, a Business Day is any day the Federal Reserve Bank is open.

 

(e)                                   As promptly as practicable after the Conversion Date, the Company at its expense shall issue and deliver to the Holder of this Note a stock certificate or certificates representing the number of shares of common stock into which this Note has been converted.

 

(f)                                     Upon the full conversion of this Note the Company shall be forever released from all of its obligations and liabilities under this Note.

 

(g)                                  Holder acknowledges that the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of this note are “restricted securities,” as such term is defined under the Securities Act.  Holder agrees that Holder will not attempt to pledge, transfer, convey or otherwise dispose of such shares except in a transaction that is the subject of either: (i) an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws; or (ii) an opinion of counsel rendered by legal counsel satisfactory to the Company, which opinion of counsel shall be satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such registration is not required.  The Company may rely on such an opinion of Holder’s counsel in making such determination.  Holder consents to the placement of a legend on the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of this Note stating that the shares represented by the certificate have not been registered under the Securities Act and setting forth or referring to the restrictions on transferability and sale thereof.

 

(h)                                  Except for Exempt Issuances, if the Company sells any additional shares of common stock, or any securities convertible into common stock, at a price below the then applicable Conversion Price, the Conversion Price will be lowered to the price at which the shares were sold or the lowest price at which the securities are convertible, as the case may be.  The Conversion Price will also be proportionately adjusted in the event of any stock splits.

 

2



 

(i)                                      The term Exempt Issuance means the sale or issuance of:

 

i.                               shares in connection with an acquisition of oil and gas properties, the acquisition of an unaffiliated company, joint venture or similar strategic transaction where the primary purpose is not to raise cash;

 

ii.                            securities upon the conversion of the 8% Convertible Notes or the exercise of the Series D Warrants.

 

(j)                                      If the common stock to be issued on conversion of this Note shall be changed into any other class or classes of stock, whether by capital reorganization, reclassification, or otherwise, the holder of this Note shall, upon its conversion be entitled to receive, in lieu of the common stock which the Holder would have become entitled to receive but for such change, a number of shares of such other class or classes of stock that would have been subject to receipt by the Holder if it had exercised its rights of conversion immediately before such changes.

 

(k)                                   If at any time there shall be a capital reorganization of the Company’s common stock (other than a subdivision, combination, reclassification or exchange of shares provided for elsewhere in this Section 3) or merger of the Company into another corporation, or the sale of the Company’s properties and assets as, or substantially as, an entirety to any other person, then, as a part of such reorganization, merger or sale, lawful provision shall be made so that the Holder of this Note will be entitled to receive the number of shares of stock or other securities or property from the successor corporation resulting from such merger to which the Holder would have been entitled as a result of such capital reorganization, merger or sale if this Note had been converted immediately before such capital reorganization, merger or sale.

 

(l)                                      The Company will not, by amendment of its Articles of Incorporation or through any reorganization, recapitalization, transfer of assets, merger, dissolution, or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms to be observed or performed hereunder by the Company, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all the provisions of this Section and in the taking of all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order to protect the conversion rights of the holder of this Note against impairment.

 

(m)                                Upon the occurrence of each adjustment or readjustment pursuant to any provision hereof, the Company at its expense shall promptly compute such adjustment or readjustment in accordance with the terms hereof and prepare and furnish to the Holder of this Note a certificate setting forth such adjustment or readjustment and showing in detail the facts upon which such adjustment or readjustment is based.

 

4.                                        Reservation of Shares .  At all times while this Note shall be convertible into shares of common stock, the Company shall reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of common stock solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion of this Note such number of its shares of such common stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect

 

3



 

the conversion of this Note in full.  In the event that the number of authorized but unissued shares of such common stock shall not be sufficient to effect the conversion of the entire outstanding principal amount of this Note, then in addition to such other remedies as shall be available to the Holder, the Company shall take such corporate action as may be necessary to increase its authorized but unissued shares of such common stock to such number of shares as shall be sufficient for such purpose.

 

5.                                        Prepayment .  The Company may repay this Note, without penalty upon twenty days written notice to the Holder if,

 

·                   during any twenty trading days within a period of thirty consecutive trading days, the closing price of the Company’s common stock is $5.00 or greater and the Company’s common stock has an average daily trading volume of 50,000 shares or more during the twenty trading days, or

 

·                   the Company completes a registered public offering of its common stock at an offering price of $4.00 per share or more with a minimum offering size of at lease $2,000,000.

 

6.                                        Default Interest and Attorney Fees .  Upon declaration of a default hereunder, the balance of the principal remaining unpaid, interest accrued thereon, and all other costs, and fees shall be immediately due and payable.  In the event of default, the Company agrees to pay all costs of collection including reasonable attorney’s fees.

 

7.                                        Security .  This Note is secured by the Company’s interests in any leases acquired and any wells acquired, drilled or completed with the proceeds from the sale of this Note.

 

8.                                        Default .  At the option of Holder, the unpaid principal balance of this Note and all accrued interest thereon shall become immediately due, payable, and collectible, without notice or demand, upon the occurrence at any time of any of the following events, each of which shall be deemed to be an event of default hereunder.

 

(a)                                   The Company fails to make any payment of interest or principal on the date on which such payment becomes due and payable under this Note;

 

(b)                                  The Company breaches any representation, warranty or covenant or defaults in the timely performance of any other obligation in its agreements with the Note holders and the breach or default continues uncured for a period of five Business Days after the date on which notice of the breach or default is first given to the Company, or ten trading days after the Company becomes, or should have become aware of such breach or default;

 

(c)                                   The Company files for protection from its creditors under the federal bankruptcy code or a third party files an involuntary bankruptcy petition against the Company;

 

4



 

Upon the occurrence of any event which might, upon notice or the passage of time constitute an Event of Default, the Company shall notify the Holder of the Note and the Holders of all other Notes of the occurrence of the event of default within ten (10) days.

 

9.                                        Representations, Warranties and Covenants of the Company .  The Company represents, warrants and covenants with the Holder as follows:

 

(a)                                   Authorization; Enforceability .  All action on the part of the Company, necessary for the authorization, execution and delivery of this Note and the performance of all obligations of the Company hereunder has been taken, and this Note constitutes a valid and legally binding obligation of the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms except (i) as limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, and (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies.

 

(b)                                  Governmental Consents .  No consent, approval, qualification, order or authorization of, or filing with, any local, state or federal governmental authority is required on the part of the Company in connection with the Company’s valid execution, delivery or performance of this Note.

 

(c)                                   No Violation .  The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Note and the consummation of the obligations contemplated hereby will not result in a violation in any material respect of its Articles of Incorporation or By-Laws, or of any provision of any mortgage, agreement, instrument or contract to which it is a party or by which it is bound or, to the best of its knowledge, of any federal or state judgment, order, writ, decree, statute, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or be in material conflict with or constitute, with or without the passage of time or giving of notice, either a material default under any such provision or an event that results in the creation of any material lien, charge or encumbrance upon any assets of the Company or the suspension, revocation, impairment, forfeiture or nonrenewal of any material permit, license, authorization or approval applicable to the Company, its business or operations, or any of its assets.

 

(d)                                  Covenants .  So long as any Note is outstanding the Company will not pay any dividends or other distributions to the holders of any shares of its preferred stock or common stock unless all payments have been made to the Holders on a current basis.

 

10.                                  Assignment of Note .  This Note may not be assigned by Company.  The Note may be assigned by Holder with the express written consent of the Company.

 

11.                                  Loss of Note .  Upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Note, and in case of loss, theft or destruction of indemnification in form and substance acceptable to the Company in its reasonable discretion, and upon surrender and cancellation of this Note, if mutilated, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Note of like tenor and date.

 

5



 

12.                                  Non-Waiver .  No delay or omission on the part of Holder in exercising any rights or remedy hereunder shall operate as a waiver of such right or remedy or of any other right or remedy under this Note.  A waiver on any one or more occasion shall not be construed as a bar to or waiver of any such right and/or remedy on any future occasion.

 

13.                                  Maximum Interest .  In no event whatsoever shall the amount paid, or agreed to be paid, to Holder for the use, forbearance, or retention of the money to be loaned hereunder (“Interest”) exceed the maximum amount permissible under applicable law.  If the performance or fulfillment of any provision hereof, or any agreement between Company and Holder shall result in Interest exceeding the limit for Interest prescribed by law, then the amount of such Interest shall be reduced to such limit.  If, from any circumstance whatsoever, Holder should receive as Interest an amount which would exceed the highest lawful rate, the amount which would be excessive Interest shall be applied to the reduction of the principal balance owing hereunder (or, at the option of Holder, be paid over to Company) and not to the payment of Interest.

 

14.                                  Purpose of Loan .  Company certifies that the loan evidenced by this Note is obtained for business or commercial purposes and that the proceeds thereof will not be used primarily for personal, family, household or agricultural purposes.

 

15.                                  Waiver of Presentment .  Company and the endorsers, sureties, guarantors and all persons who may become liable for all or any part of this obligation shall be jointly and severally liable for such obligation and hereby jointly and severally waive presentment and demand for payment, notice of dishonor, protest and notice of protest, and any and all lack of diligence or delays in collection or enforcement hereof.  Said parties consent to any modification or extension of time (whether one or more) of payment hereof, the release of all or any part of the security for the payment hereof, and the release of any party liable for payment of this obligation.  Any modification, extension, or release may be without notice to any such party and shall not discharge said party’s liability hereunder.

 

16.                                  Governing Law .  As an additional consideration for the extension of credit, Company and each endorser, surety, guarantor, and any other person who may become liable for all or any part of this obligation understand and agree that the loan evidenced by this Note will be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Colorado.

 

17.                                  Arbitration .  Any controversy or claim arising out of, or relating to this Note, or the making, performance, or interpretation thereof, shall be settled by arbitration in Los Angeles, California in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association then existing, and judgment on the arbitration award may be entered in any court having jurisdiction over the subject matter of the controversy.

 

18.                                  Binding Effect .  The term “Company” as used herein shall include the original Company of this Note and any party who may subsequently become liable for the payment hereof as an assumer with the consent of the Holder, provided that Holder may, at its option,

 

6



 

consider the original Company of this Note alone as Company unless Holder has consented in writing to the substitution of another party as Company.

 

19.                                  Relationship of Parties .  Nothing herein contained shall create or be deemed or construed to create a joint venture or partnership between Company and Holder, Holder is acting hereunder as a lender only.

 

20.                                  Severability .  Invalidation of any of the provisions of this Note or of any paragraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word herein, or the application thereof in any given circumstance, shall not affect the validity of the remainder of this Note.

 

21.                                  Amendment .  This Note may not be amended, modified, or changed, except only by an instrument in writing signed by both of the parties.

 

22.                                  Time of the Essence .  Time is of the essence for the performance of each and every obligation of Company hereunder.

 

23.                                  Notices . All notices, consents, approvals, requests, demands and other communications which are required or may be given hereunder shall be in writing and shall be duly given if personally delivered, sent by overnight courier or posted by U.S. registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid and addressed to the other parties at the addresses set forth below.

 

If to the Company:

 

Vanguard Energy Corporation

1999 Avenue of the Stars, Suite 1100

Los Angeles, CA  90067

ATTN: Warren Dillard, President

 

If to the Holder, at the address as shown on the register maintained by the Company for such purpose.

 

The Company or the Holder may change their address for purposes of this Section by giving to the other addressee notice of such new address in conformance with this Section.  If the Company receives any notice pursuant to this Note or any other Note of this series, it must, not later than five business days thereafter, dispatch a copy of such notice to the Holder of this Note and to each other Holder of any Note as reflected in the current Note Register.

 

7



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Note as of the                                  , 20    .

 

 

Vanguard Energy Corporation

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

Warren Dillard, President

 

 

Vanguard Exh. D 8% Secured Note 10-6-10

 

8



 

NOTICE OF CONVERSION

 

The undersigned hereby elects to convert the 8% Secured Note of Vanguard Energy Corporation (the “Company”) into shares of the Company’s common stock according to the terms of the Note, as of the date written below.

 

Conversion calculations:

 

 

Date of Conversion:

 

 

 

Principal Amount of Note to be Converted:

 

 

 

Payment of Interest in Common Stock     Yes         No      

 

 

 

If yes, $         of Accrued Interest to be converted.

 

 

 

Signature:

 

 

 

 

 

Name (Print):

 

 

 

 

 

Address:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vanguard Exh. D 8% Secured Note 10-6-10

 

9



 

VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

 

ASSIGNMENT OF 8% SECURED NOTE

 

(Form of Assignment to be Executed if Note Holder

Desires to Transfer all or part of 8% Secured Note)

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED,                                 hereby sells, assigns and transfers to                              .

(Please print name and address including zip code)

 

 

Please insert social security, federal tax ID number or other identifying number:

 

 

 

Check one:

 

o             the attached Note, or

o             $             of the principal represented by the attached Note

 

 

Dated:

 

 

 

 

Signature

 

(Signature must conform in all respects to name of holder as shown on the face of the Note).

 

 

Note :                    Any transfer or assignment of the Note is subject to compliance with the restrictions on transfer imposed by the terms of the Note.

 

10




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Exhibit 21

        VE Corporation is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

        VE Corporation is a Colorado corporation.

        VE Corporation is qualified to do business in Texas under the name Vanguard Energy Corporation.




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Exhibit 23.1

HART & TRINEN, LLP
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
1624 Washington Street
Denver, CO 80203

CONSENT OF ATTORNEYS

        Reference is made to the Registration Statement of Vanguard Energy Corporation (the "Company") on Form S-1 whereby the Company proposes to sell up to 8,750,000 Units, including Units covered by the underwriters' over-allotment option and Units underlying the Representative's Warrant, up to 17,500,000 shares of the Company's common stock, up to 8,750,000 Class A Warrants, and the Representative's Warrant. Reference is also made to Exhibit 5 included in the Registration Statement relating to the validity of the securities proposed to be issued and sold.

        We hereby consent to the use of our opinion concerning the validity of the securities proposed to be issued and sold.

    Very truly yours,

 

 

HART & TRINEN, L.L.P.

 

 

/s/ WILLIAM T. HART

William T. Hart

Denver, Colorado
July 26, 2011




Exhibit 23.2

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

        We hereby consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form S-1 of (i) our report dated May 5, 2011 relating to the balance sheets of Vanguard Energy Corporation as of March 31, 2011 and September 30, 2010 and the related statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the six-month period ended March 31, 2011 and the period July 19, 2010 (inception of development stage) through September 30, 2010 and (ii) our report dated May 5, 2011 relating to the statements of revenues and direct operating expenses of the Batson Dome Wells which were acquired from C.F.O., Inc. by Vanguard Energy Corporation for the period from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009 and the period from January 1, 2010 to December 15, 2010, all of which appear in such Registration Statement. We also consent to the references to us under the heading "Experts" in such Registration Statement.

/s/ Briggs & Veselka Co.

Bellaire, Texas
August 2, 2011




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Exhibit 23.3


CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PETROLEUM ENGINEERS

        We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement of Vanguard Energy Corporation on Form S-1 of references to our firm, in the context in which they appear, to our reserve estimates as of March 31, 2011 and to Exhibit 99 included in the Registration Statement relating to the Company's proven oil and gas reserves.

    NOVA RESOURCE, INC.

 

 

By:

 

/s/ JOSEPH V. ROCHEFORT

Joseph V. Rochefort, President

July 29, 2011
Dallas, Texas




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CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PETROLEUM ENGINEERS

Exhibit 99

 

The reserve report is based upon the ownership of a 100% working interest in Vanguard’s leases in the Batson Dome Field. The proved reserve numbers in the registration statement, as well as the discounted value of the proved reserves, have been adjusted to reflect Vanguard’s ownership of a 90% working interest in these leases.

 



 

N  O  V  A     R  E  S  O  U  R  C  E ,    I  N  C .

 

VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

 

Estimated

 

Future Reserves and Income

 

Attributable to Certain

 

Leasehold and Royalty Interests

 

In

 

Hardin County, Texas

 

SEC Parameters

 

As of

 

March 31, 2011

 

 

\s\ Joseph V. Rochefort

 

 

Joseph V. Rochefort QRE

 

 

CPG # 3358; CGP # 90

 

 

QRE CT51-101

 

 

President

 

 

NOVA RESOURCE INCORPORATED

Texas Corporation 01605143-00

 

NOVA RESOURCE INCORPORATED   PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS

 


 

2697 Villa Creek Suite 265  Dallas, Texas 75023

Fax (972) 530-3930

Tel. (214) 543-6148

novapet@tx.rr.com

 


 

 

(i)                                      March 31, 2011

 

VANGUARD ENERGY CORPORATION

 

1330 Post Oak Blvd.

Suite 1600

Houston, Texas U.S.A. 77056

March 31, 2011

 

Gentlemen:

 

At the request of Vanguard Energy Corporation (Vanguard), Nova Resource, Inc.(Nova) has conducted it’s own independent and “Certified SEC Reserves Analysis and Valuation Study and Report” dated March 31, 2011 of the proven reserves of your oil and gas properties known as Vanguard’s Batson Dome Field Properties located in Hardin County Texas using information and data that has been supplied to us by Vanguard, recently become available, and has been generated by Nova regarding the calculated economically recoverable oil and gas reserves as of March 31, 2011 and that are based upon and conform to the definitions and disclosure guidelines of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) contained in Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting, Final Rule released January 14, 2009 in the Federal Register (SEC regulations).  Our third party Certified SEC Reserves and Valuation Report, completed on March 31, 2011, and presented here, was prepared for public disclosure by Vanguard in filings made with the SEC in accordance with the disclosure requirements set forth in the SEC regulations.  The estimated reserves shown herein represent Nova’s estimated net reserves attributable to the leasehold and royalty interests in certain properties as represented on March 31, 2011.  The report generated by Nova Resource Incorporated is Nova’s estimate of reserves of such properties located in Hardin County, Texas and otherwise known as Vanguard’s Batson Dome Field Properties (Vanguard’s the “Properties”).

 

The report and properties referred to herein and estimated by Nova Resource, Inc. account for 100 percent of the total net proved natural gas hydrocarbons reserves of Vanguard as of March 31, 2011.

 

Based upon Nova’s independent study of the properties Nova hereby certifies that the representations herein are Nova’s Certified SEC Reserves and Valuation Calculations as of March 31, 2011 and that these calculation conform to all present SEC requirements and regulations and definitions and may be used by Vanguard in any public disclosure.

 

Based upon our review, including the data, technical processes and interpretations, it is our opinion that the overall procedures and methodologies utilized by our staff in preparing their estimates of the proved reserves, future production and discounted future net income as of March 31, 2011 comply with the current SEC regulations and that the overall proved reserves, future production and discounted future net income for the reviewed report and properties as estimated by Nova are, in the aggregate, reasonable within SEC guidelines.

 

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The estimated reserves and future net income amounts presented by Nova are related to hydrocarbon prices. The hydrocarbon prices used in the preparation of this report are based upon the average prices during the trailing 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered in the report, determined as unweighted arithmetic averages of the prices in effect on the first-day-of-the-month for each month within such period, unless prices were defined by contractual arrangements, as required by SEC regulations. The actual future prices may vary significantly from these prices and therefore, volumes of reserves actually recovered and the amounts of income actually received may differ significantly from the estimated quantities presented in the report.  The net reserves as estimated by Nova attributable to Vanguard’s interest in the properties as shown in this report are summarized as follows:

 

SEC PARAMETERS

Estimated Net Reserves

Certain Leasehold and Royalty Interests of

Vanguard Energy Corporation’s

Batson Dome Field Properties

of Hardin County, Texas

as of March 31, 2011

 

 

 

Developed

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Producing

 

Non-Producing

 

Undeveloped

 

Total Proved

 

Net Reserves of Properties

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gas —MCF

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oil/Condensate—Bbls

 

58,985

 

60,648

 

459,377

 

579,010

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Future Cash Inflows

 

4,920,694

 

5,059,538

 

38,323,065

 

$

48,303,297

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Future Production Costs

 

698,900

 

749,035

 

4,320,612

 

$

5,768,548

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Future Development Costs

 

$

1,500,000

 

$

250,000

 

$

6,500,000

 

$

8,250,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SEC -10% ($)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PV-10% Value Oil $

 

$

2, 063,436

 

$

3,350,811

 

$

22,085,729

 

$

27,499,976

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL PV-10% VALUATION

 

$

2,063,436

 

$

3,350,811

 

$

22,085,729

 

$

27,499,976

 

 

Liquid hydrocarbons are expressed in thousands of standard 42 gallon barrels (Barrels).  All gas volumes are reported on as “as sold basis” expressed in millions of cubic feet (MCF) at the official temperature and pressure bases of the areas in which the gas reserves are located.  In the report.  All oil volumes are reported on an “as sold basis” expressed in Barrels at the official temperature and volume bases of the areas in which the oil reserves are located. All discounted future net income/present value data are expressed as U.S. dollars ($).

 

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The estimates of reserves, future production and income attributable to properties in this report were prepared using economic software from the SPE ex-president’s Petroleum Economics Evaluation Software.  Nova has found this program to be generally acceptable, but notes that certain summaries and calculations may vary due to rounding and may not exactly match the sum of the properties being summarized.  Furthermore, one line economic summaries may vary from the more detailed cash flow projections of the same properties, also due to rounding.  The rounding differences are not considered material.

 

The Future revenue/present value is after the deduction of production taxes.  The deductions incorporate the normal direct costs of operating the wells aka Lease Operating expenses (LOE), ad valorem taxes, recompletion costs and development costs. The future income present value is before the deduction of state and federal income taxes and has not been adjusted for outstanding loans that may exist nor does it include any adjustment for cash on hand or undistributed income.  Liquid hydrocarbon reserves account for approximately 100 % of the estimated revenue from proved reserves.

 

The discounted present value shown above was calculated using a discount rate of 10 percent per annum compounded annually.

 

The results shown above are presented for your information and should not be construed as our estimate of fair market value.

 

Reserves Included in The Report

 

In our opinion, the procedures and methodologies used by Nova to determine the proved reserves conform to the definitions as set forth in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Regulations Part 210.4-10(a).  An abridged version of the SEC reserves definitions from 210.4-10(a) entitled “Petroleum Reserves Definitions” is included as an attachment to the report.

 

The various proved reserve status categories are defined under the attachment entitled “Petroleum Reserves Definitions” in the report.  The proved developed non-producing reserves included in this report consist of shut-in and behind pipe categories and Proved Un-developed are wells remaining to be drilled with reasonable certainty to by likely to produce similar volumes of reserves given the identical economic conditions that exist as of March 31, 2011.

 

No attempt was made to quantify or otherwise account for any accumulated imbalances that may exist.  Gas volumes included herein do not attribute gas consumed in operations as reserves.

 

Reserves are those estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances that are anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, from known accumulations by application of defined conditions.  All reserve estimates involve and assessment of the uncertainty relating to the likelihood that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less that the estimated quantities determined as of the date the estimate is made.  The uncertainty depends chiefly on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available at the time of the estimate and the interpretation of the data.  The relative degree of uncertainty may be conveyed by placing reserves into one of two principal classifications, either proved or

 



 

unproved.  Unproved reserves are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves and may be further sub-classified as probable and possible reserves to denote progressively increasing uncertainty in their recoverability.  At Vanguard’s request, only proved reserves attributable to the properties were reviewed.

 

Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given data forward.  The proved reserves were estimated using deterministic methods.  If deterministic methods are used, the SEC has defined reasonable certainty for proved reserves as a “high degree of confidence that the quantities will be recovered.”

 

Proved reserve estimates will generally be revised only as additional geologic or engineering data become available, or as economic conditions change.  For proved reserves, the SEC states that “as changes due to increased availability of geoscience (geological, geophysical, and geochemical), engineering, and economic data are made to the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) with time, reasonably certain EUR is much more likely to increase or remain constant than to decrease.”  Moreover, estimates of proved reserves may be revised as a result of future operations, effects of regulation by governmental agencies or geopolitical or economic risks.  Therefore, the proved reserves are estimates only and should not be construed as being exact quantities, and if recovered, the revenues there from, and the actual costs related thereto, could be more or less than the estimated amounts.

 

Audit Data, Methodology, Procedure and Assumptions

 

The estimation of reserves involves two distinct determinations.  The first determination results in the estimation of the quantities of recoverable oil and gas and the second determination results in the estimation of the uncertainty associated with those estimated quantities in accordance with definitions set forth by the Securities and Exchange Commission Regulations Part 210.4-10(a).  The process of estimating the quantities of recoverable oil and gas reserves relies on the use of certain generally accepted analytical procedures.  These analytical procedures fall into three broad categories or methods:  (1) performance-based methods; (2) volumetric-based methods; and (3) analogy.  These methods may be used singularly or in combination by the reserve evaluator in the process of estimating the quantities of reserves.

 

Reserve evaluators must select the method or combination of methods which in their professional judgment is most appropriate given the nature and amount or reliable geoscience and engineering data available at the time of the estimate, the established or anticipated performance characteristics of the reservoir being evaluated and the stage of development or producing maturity of the property.

 

In many cases, the analysis of the available geoscience and engineering data and the subsequent interpretation of this data may indicate a range of possible outcomes in an estimate, irrespective of the method selected by the evaluator.  When a range in the quantity of reserves is identified, the evaluator must determine the uncertainty associated with the incremental quantities of the reserves.  If the reserve quantities are estimated using the deterministic incremental method, the uncertainty for each discrete incremental quantity of the reserves is addressed by the reserve category assigned by the evaluator.  Therefore, it is the categorization of reserve quantities as proved, probable and/or possible that addresses the inherent uncertainty in the estimated quantities reported.  For proved reserves, uncertainty is defined by the SEC as reasonable certainty wherein the “quantities actually recovered are much more likely than not to

 

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be achieved.”  This report referred only to estimates made by Nova Resource, Inc.  The SEC states that “probable reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves but which, together with proved reserves, are likely as not to be recovered.” The SEC states that “ possible reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than probable reserves and the total quantities ultimately recovered from a project have a low probability of exceeding proved plus probable plus possible reserves.”  All quantities of reserves within the same reserve category must meet the SEC definitions as noted above.

 

Estimates of reserves quantities and their associated reserve categories may be revised in the future as additional geoscience or engineering data become available.  Furthermore, estimates of reserves quantities and their associated reserve categories may also be revised due to factors such as changes in economic conditions, results on future operations, effects of regulation by governmental agencies or geopolitical or economic risks as previously noted.

 

Vanguard’s operations may be subject to various levels of governmental controls and regulations.  These controls and regulations may include, but may not be limited to, matters relating to land tenure and leasing, the legal rights to produce hydrocarbons including the granting, extension or termination of production sharing contracts, the fiscal terms of various production sharing contracts, drilling and production practices, environmental protection, marketing and pricing policies, royalties, various taxes and levies including income tax and are subject to change from time to time.  Such changes in governmental regulations and policies may cause volumes of proved reserves actually recovered and amounts of proved income actually received to differ significantly from the estimated quantities.

 

The proved reserves for the properties as we calculated and that were estimated by Nova were estimated by performance methods, the volumetric method, analogy, or a combination of methods utilizing the present economic conditions and limited to those proved reserves economically recoverable.  The performance methods include, but may not be limited to, decline curve analysis that utilized extrapolations of historical production and pressure data available through March 31, 2011, in those cases where such data were considered to be definitive.  The data utilized in the analysis were furnished to Nova’s staff using commercial and private sources and were considered sufficient for the purpose.

 

Approximately 100 percent of the proved developed non-producing and the un-developed reserves were estimated primarily by the performance and historical extrapolation methods.  The data utilized were considered sufficient for the purpose.

 

As stated previously, proved reserves must be anticipated to be producible from a given data forward based upon existing economic conditions including prices and costs at which producibility from a reservoir is to be determined.  We have reviewed certain primary economic data utilized by Vanguard’s operator and other operators in the area from identical reservoirs relating to hydrocarbon prices and costs.

 

The hydrocarbon prices and costs determined for the properties are based upon SEC required trailing twelve month averages of prices for the first of each month, unless prices were defined by contractual arrangements and cost based upon existing costs..  For hydrocarbon products sold under contract, the contract prices, including fixed and determinable escalations exclusive on inflation adjustments, were used by Nova until expiration of the contract.

 

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The product prices which were actually used by Nova to determine the future gross revenue for each property reflect any known adjustments to the prices for gravity, quality, local conditions, gathering and transportation fees, and/or distance from market, referred to as the “differentials.”

 

In addition, the table below summarizes the volume weighted benchmark TTM prices adjusted for differentials and referred to herein as the “TTM prices.”  The data shown is presented in accordance with SEC disclosure requirements.

 

Geographic Area

 

Product

 

TTM Average

 

 

 

 

 

Texas Gulf Coast

 

Oil

 

$ 83.6341 / MCF

 

The effect of derivative instruments designated as price hedges of oil and gas quantities are not reflected in Nova’s individual property evaluations.

 

Operating costs furnished by Vanguard’s operator are based on the operating expense reports supplied by the operator and include only costs directly applicable to the leases or wells or operations thereof.  The operating costs include a portion of general and administrative costs allocated directly to the lease and wells.  The operating costs furnished were accepted as factual data and determined to be reasonable; however, we have not conducted an independent verification of the data supplied by the operator.  No deductions were made for loan repayments, interests expenses, or exploration and development prepayments that were not charged directly to the leases or wells.

 

Development costs furnished by the operator are based upon authorizations by Vanguard for expenditures for the proposed work or actual costs for similar projects.  The development costs furnished by Vanguard were accepted as factual and reasonable; however, we have not conducted and an independent verification of the data supplied by Vanguard nor have we made any field examination of the properties.  Vanguard’s estimates of zero abandonment costs after salvage value for the onshore properties were accepted without independent verification.  Nova has estimated that abandonment costs should match the salvage value and therefore should equal zero after salvage; however, Nova makes no warranty for this or for Vanguard’s estimation of abandonment estimates.

 

No consideration was given in this report to potential environmental liabilities that may exist nor were costs included for potential liabilities to restore and clean up damages, if any, caused by past operating practices.

 

The proved developed non-producing and undeveloped reserves for the properties estimated by Nova have been incorporated herein in accordance with Vanguard’s plans to develop these reserves as of March 31, 2011.  The implementation of Vanguard’s development plans as presented to Nova is subject to the approval process adopted by Vanguard’s management and funding sources.  As a result of our inquires during the course of our review of Vanguard’s plans, Vanguard has informed us that the development activities for the properties reviewed by us have been subjected to and received the internal approvals required by Vanguard management at the appropriate local, regional and/or corporate level.  In addition to the internal approvals as noted, certain development activities may still be subject to specific partner AFE processes, Joint Operating Agreements (JOA) requirements or other administrative approvals

 

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external to Vanguard.  Additionally, Vanguard has informed us that they are not aware of any legal, regulatory, political or economic obstacles that would significantly alter their plans to develop the properties.

 

The costs used by Vanguard were held constant throughout the life of the properties.

 

To estimate economically recoverable proved oil and gas reserves and related future net cash flow and present values, we consider many factors and assumptions including, but not limited to, the use of reservoir and reserve and production parameters derived from geological, geophysical and engineering data that cannot be measured directly, economic criteria based on current costs and SEC pricing requirements, and forecast of future production rates.  Under the SEC regulations 210.4-10(a)(22)(v) and (26), proved reserves must be anticipated to be economically producible from a given date forward based on existing economic conditions including prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. While it may reasonably be anticipated that the future prices received for the sale of production and the operating costs and other costs relating to such production may increase or decrease from those under existing economic conditions, such changes were, in accordance with rules adopted by the SEC, omitted from consideration in making this evaluation.

 

Nova’s forecasts for future production rates are based on historical performance from wells currently on production in the region with an economic cut-off for production being based upon the projected net revenue being equal to the projected operating expenses.  No further reserves or valuation were given to any wells beyond their economic cut-off.  Where no production decline trends have been established by Nova due to the limited historical production records from wells on the properties, surrounding wells historical production records have been used and extrapolated to wells of the property.  Where applicable the actual calculated present decline rate of any well is used to determine future production volumes to be economically recovered.  The calculated present rate of decline was then applied by Nova to determine the present economic life of the production from the reservoir.

 

Test data and other related information were used by Nova to estimate the anticipated initial production rates from those wells or locations that are not currently producing.  For reserves not yet on production, sales were estimated to commence at an anticipated date furnished by Vanguard.  Wells or locations that are not currently producing may or may not start producing earlier or later than anticipated by Vanguard and thus estimates due to unforeseen factors causing such changes may occur.  Such factors may include further interpretation, delays due to weather, the availability of rigs, the sequence of drilling, completing and/or recompleting wells and/or constraints set by regulatory bodies.

 

The future production rates from wells currently or production or wells or locations that are not currently producing may be more or less that estimated because of changes including, but not limited to, reservoir performance, operating conditions, compression and artificial lift, pipeline capacity and/or operating conditions, producing market demand and/or allowables, prices, or other constraints which may be set by regulatory bodies.

 

Vanguard’s operations may be subject to various levels of governmental controls and regulations.  These controls and regulations may include, but not be limited to, matters relating to land tenure and leasing, the legal rights to produce hydrocarbons, drilling and production practices, environmental protection, marketing and pricing policies, royalties, various taxes and levies including income tax which may be subject to change from time to time.  Such changes in

 

7



 

governmental regulations and policies may cause volumes of proved reserves and amounts of income to differ significantly from the estimated quantities.

 

The estimates of proved reserves were based upon Nova’s study of the properties and data supplied by Vanguard related to interests owned by Vanguard; however, we have not made any field examination of the properties.  No consideration was given to potential environmental liabilities that may exist nor were any costs included by Nova for potential liabilities to restore and clean up damages, if any, caused by past or projected operating practices.

 

Certain technical personnel of Nova are responsible for the preparation of reserve estimates on new properties and for the preparation of revised estimates, when necessary, on old properties.  These personnel assembled the necessary data and maintained the data and work papers in an orderly manner.  We consulted with Nova’s technical personnel and had access to their work papers and supporting data.

 

Vanguard has informed us that they have furnished us all of the material accounts, records, geological and engineering data, reports and other data in their possession.  In performing our forecast of the estimated future proved reserves, production and income, we have relied upon the data furnished to us by Vanguard with respect to property interests owned by Vanguard, production and well tests from examined wells, reported direct costs of operating the wells or leases, other costs including ad valorem and production taxes, recompletion and development costs, abandonment costs after salvage, product prices based upon SEC requirements, geological and engineering data.  Nova reviewed such data for its reasonableness; however, we have not conducted an independent verification of Vanguard’s supplied data. In summary, we consider the assumptions, data, methods and analytical procedures used by our firm and reviewed by us appropriate for the purpose hereof, and we have used all such methods and procedures that we consider necessary and appropriate under the circumstances to render the conclusions as stated.  We consider the factual data used in this report appropriate and sufficient for the purpose of preparing the estimation of reserves and future net revenue herein.

 

Future Production Rates

 

For wells currently on production, our forecasts of future production rates are based on historical performance data.  If no production decline trend has been established, future production rates were held constant, or adjusted for the effects of curtailment where appropriate, until a decline in ability to produce was anticipated.  An estimated rate of decline was then applied to economic depletion of the reserves.  If a decline trend has been established, this trend was used as the basis for estimating future production rates.

 

Offset analogies and other related information were used to estimate the anticipated initial production rates for those wells or locations that are not currently producing.  For reserves not yet on production, sales were estimated to commence on an anticipated date furnished by the operator.  Wells or locations that are not currently producing may start producing earlier or later than anticipated in our estimates due to unforeseen factors causing a change in the timing to initial production.  Such factors may include delays due to weather, the availability of rigs, the sequence of drilling, completions and/or recompletion of wells and/or constraints set by regulatory bodies.

 

The future production rates from wells currently in production or wells or locations that are not currently producing may be more or less than estimated because of changes including, but not limited to, reservoir performance, operating conditions related to surface facilities or

 

8



 

subsurface conditions, compression and artificial lift, pipeline capacity and/or transportation capacity and/or operating conditions, producing market demand and/or allowables or other constraints set by regulatory bodies.

 

Audit Opinion

 

Based on our study, including data, technical processes and methodologies presented by Vanguard, it is our opinion that the overall procedures and mythologies utilized by Nova in preparing their estimates of the proved reserves, future production and discounted future net income as of March 31, 2011 to comply with current SEC regulations and that the overall proved reserves, future production and discounted future net income for the reviewed properties as estimated are, in the aggregate, reasonable within established audit guidelines.

 

Standards of Independence and Professional Qualifications

 

Nova is an independent petroleum geological, geophysical and engineering consulting firm that has been providing petroleum-consulting services throughout the world for over thirty years.  Nova is employee-owned incorporated firm and maintains offices in Dallas, Texas U.S.A.  We have numerous engineers and geoscientists on our permanent staff as well as many outside staff.  By virtue of our size and scope of worldwide activity and services and the large number of clients for which we provide services, no single client or job represents a material portion of our annual revenue.  We do not serve as officers or directors of any publicly traded oil and gas company and are separate and independent from the operating and investment decision-making process of our clients.  We do not own interests in any of our client’s properties.  This allows us to bring the highest level of independence and objectivity to each engagement for our services.

 

Nova actively participates in industry-related professional societies and organizations and has been performing reserves evaluations according to SEC regulation for over twenty-five years for both major oil and gas corporations as well as mid-size and small independent oil and gas companies worldwide. Many of our staff have authored or co-authored technical papers and reports on the subject of reserves related topics.

 

Nova staff engineers and geoscientists are required to receive the appropriate professional accreditation in the form of registered or certified professional engineer’s license or a registered or certified professional geoscientist’s credential from an appropriate governmental authority or from the recognized self-regulating professional organization.

 

Nova is independent with respect to Vanguard.  Neither we nor any of our employees have any interest in the subject properties, and neither the employment to do these services nor the compensation is contingent on our reviews or estimates of reserves for any properties.

 

The results of our evaluation and valuation, presented herein, are based on technical reviews and analysis by teams of geoscientists and engineers from Nova.  The professional qualifications of the undersigned, the technical person primarily responsible for overseeing, reviewing and approving the review of the reserves information discussed in this report, are included as an attachment to this letter.

 

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Terms of Usage

 

The results of our third party reserves analysis and valuation study, the report, presented in report summary form herein, were prepared in accordance with the disclosure requirements set forth in the SEC regulations and intended for public disclosure as an exhibit in filings made with the SEC by Vanguard.

 

We have provided Vanguard with a digital version of the original signed copy of this certified SEC reserves analysis and valuation report summary letter.  In the event there are any differences between the digital version included in filings made by Vanguard and the original signed letter, the original signed letter shall control and supercede the digital version.

 

The data and work papers used in the preparation, study analysis and valuation report are available for examination by authorized parties in our offices.  Please contact us if we can be of further service.

 

Respectfully,

 

Nova Resource, Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

\s\ Joseph V. Rochefort

 

CPG # 3358, CGP, # 90,

 

QRE CT51-101; SIPES # 1901

 

 

10


 

Professional Qualifications of Primary Technical Person

 

The conclusions presented in this report are the result of technical analysis conducted by a team of geoscientists and engineers from Nova Resource, Inc.  Joseph V. Rochefort was the primary technical person responsible for overseeing the review of the estimate of reserves, future production and income.

 

Mr. Rochefort, the president of Nova Resource, Inc. (Nova) is responsible for coordinating and supervising staff and consultants of the company in ongoing reservoir evaluation studies worldwide.  Before forming Nova, Mr. Rochefort served in a number of technical and managerial positions with Exxon, Sun, Arco, and Mobil, now ExxonMobil. Mr. Rochefort’s resume is available for review.

 

Mr. Rochefort graduated from both Texas Christian University and from Texas Tech University with BS degrees in geology and physics and Masters degrees in geology.  Mr. Rochefort achieved his over thirty years of expertise in technical and managerial responsibilities in oil and gas reserves and reservoirs evaluation and has attained Certification as a Professions Petroleum Geologist # 3358, A Professional Petroleum Geophysicist # 90, and as a Qualified Reserves Evaluator under authority of Ct51-101 and is Independent as shown by membership in SIPES with registration number # 1901.  Mr. Rochefort has been designated an expert witness regarding oil and gas reserves evaluation in several judicial cases.  Mr. Rochefort has written several internal guidelines regarding oil and gas reserves evaluations and has co-authored several technical articles and one book regarding hydrocarbon accumulations.  Mr. Rochefort maintains his expertise in oil and gas reserves analysis by attending continuing education courses of at least 16 hours per year.  Mr. Rochefort has created an internally generated course for staff pertaining to the formalized training related to the definitions and disclosure guidelines contained in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting, Final Rule released January 14, 2009 in the Federal Register.  Mr. Rochefort has attended several training classes during 2009 and 2010 covering such topics as reservoir engineering, geoscience and petroleum economics evaluation methods, procedures, software and ethics to maintain his expertise as a Qualified Reserves Evaluator.  Mr. Rochefort has been recognized by the SEC as a Qualified Reserves Evaluator for over 15 years.

 

Based upon his educational background, professional training and more than 30 years of experience in the estimation and evaluation and generation of reserves evaluation analyses of petroleum reserves, Mr. Rochefort has attained the professional qualifications and expertise as a Reserves Estimator and Reserves Auditor as set forth in Article III of the “Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information” promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and as a Qualified Reserves Evaluator under authority of CT51-101.

 

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PETROLEUM RESERVES DEFINITIONS

 

As Adapted From:

RULE 4-10(a) of REGULATION S-X PART 210

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC)

 

PREAMBLE

 

On January 14, 2009, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) published the “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting: Final Rule” in the Federal Register of National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).  The “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting: Final Rule” includes revisions and additions to the definition section of Rule 4-10 of Regulation S-X, revisions and additions to the oil and gas reporting requirements in Regulation S-K, and amends and codifies Industry Guide 2 in Regulation S-K.  The Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule”, including all references to Regulation S-X and Regulation S-K, shall be referred to herein collectively as the “SEC regulations”.  The SEC regulations take effect for all filings made with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission as of December 31, 2009, or after January 1, 2010.  Reference should be made to the full text under Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Regulation S-X Part 210, Rule 4-10(a) for complete definitions (direct passages excerpts in part or wholly from the aforementioned SEC document are incorporated herein in italics).

 

Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations.  All reserves estimates involve an assessment of the uncertainty relating the likelihood that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the estimated quantities determined as of the date the estimate is made.  The uncertainty depends chiefly on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available at the time of the estimate and the interpretation of these data.  The relative degree of uncertainty may be conveyed by placing reserves into one of two principal classifications, either proved or unproved.  Unproved reserves are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves and may be further sub-classified as probable and possible reserves to denote progressively increasing uncertainty in their recoverability.  Under SEC regulations as of December 31, 2009, or after January 1, 2010, a company may optionally disclose estimated quantities of probable or possible oil and gas reserves in documents publicly filed with the SEC.  The SEC regulations continue to prohibit disclosure of estimates of oil and gas resources other than reserves and any estimated values of such resources in any document publicly filed with the SEC unless such information is required to be disclosed in the document by foreign or state law as noted in 229.1202 Instruction to item 1202.

 

Reserves estimates will generally be revised only as additional geologic or engineering data become available or as economic conditions change.

 

Reserves may be attributed to either natural energy or improved recovery methods.  Improved recovery methods include all methods for supplementing natural energy or altering natural forces in the reservoir to increase ultimate recovery.  Examples of such methods are pressure maintenance, natural gas cycling, waterflooding, thermal methods, chemical and/or biological methods, and the use of miscible and immiscible displacement fluids as well as other methods.

 

Reserves may be attributed to either conventional or unconventional petroleum accumulations.  Petroleum accumulations are considered as to be either conventional or

 



 

unconventional based on the nature of their in-place characteristics, extraction method applied, or degree of processing prior to sale.  Examples of unconventional petroleum accumulations include coalbed or coal seam methane (CBM/CSM), basin-centered gas, shale gas, gas hydrates, natural bitumen and oil shale deposits.  These unconventional accumulations may require specialized extraction technology and/or significant processing prior to sale.

 

Reserves do not include quantities of petroleum being held in inventory.

 

Because of the differences in uncertainty, caution should be exercised when aggregating quantities of petroleum from different reserves categories.

 

RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X 210.4-10(a)(26) defines reserves as follows:

 

Reserves.  Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations .  IN addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable expectation that there will exist, the legal right to produce or a revenue interest in the production, installed means of delivering oil and gas or related substances to market, and all permits and financing required to implement the project.

 

Note to paragraph (a)(26) : Reserves should not be assigned to adjacent reservoirs Isolated by major, potentially sealing, faults until those reservoirs are penetrated and evaluated as economically producible.  Reserves should not be assigned to areas that are clearly separated from known accumulation by a non-productive reservoir (ie., absence of reservoir, structurally low reservoir, or negative test results).  Such areas may contain prospective resources ( ie., potentially recoverable resources from undiscovered accumulations).

 

PROVED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)

 

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X 210.4-10(a)(22) defines proved oil and gas reserves as follows:

 

Proved oil and gas reserves.   Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible -  from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations — prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation.  The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.

 

(i)                                   The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes:

 

(A)       The area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and

 

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(B)       Adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible oil and gas on the basis of available geoscience and engineering data.

 

(ii)                               In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in a reservoir are limited by the lowest known hydrocarbons (LKH) as seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establishes a lower contact with reasonable certainty.

 

(iii)                           Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined a highest known oil (HKO) elevation and the potential exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves may be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty.

 

(iv)                             reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification when:

 

(A)       Successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable technology establishes the reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based; and

 

(B)       The project has been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities.

 

(v)                                 Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined.  The price shall be the average price during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions.

 

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RESERVES STATUS DEFINITIONS AND GUIDELINES

 

As Adapted From:

RULE 4-10(a) of REGULATION S-X PART 210

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (sec)

 

And

 

PETROLEUM RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SPE-PRMS)

 

Sponsored and Approved by:

SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS (SPE)

WORLD PETROLEUM COUNCIL (WPC)

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS (AAPG)

SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM EVALUATION ENGINEERS (SPEE)

 

Reserves status categories define the development and producing status of wells and reservoirs.  Reference should be made to Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Regulation S-X Part 210, Rule 4-10(a) and SPE_PRMS as the following reserves status definitions are based on excerpts from the original documents (direct passages excerpted from the aforementioned SEC and SPE-PRMS documents are denoted in italics herein).

 

DEVELOPED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)

 

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulations S-X 210.4-10(a)(6) defines developed oil and gas reserves as follows:

 

Developed oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that can be expected to be recovered:

 

(i)                                   Through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well; and

 

(ii)                               Through installed extraction equipment and infrastructure operational at the time or the reserves estimate if the extraction is by means not involving a well.

 

Developed Producing (SPE-PRMS Definitions)

 

While not a requirement for disclosure under the SEC regulations, developed oil and gas reserves may be further sub-classified according to the guidance contained in the SPE-PRMS as Producing or Non-Producing.

 

Developed Producing Reserves

 

Developed Producing Reserves are expected to be recovered from completion intervals that are open and producing at the time of the estimate.

 

Improved recovery reserves are considered producing only after the improved recovery project is in operations.

 



 

Developed Non-Producing (PDNP)

 

Developed Non-Producing reserves include shut-in and behind-pipe reserves.

 

Shut-In

 

Shut-in Reserves are expected to be recovered from:

 

(1)           completion intervals which are open at the time of the estimate, but which have not started producing;

(2)           wells which were shut-in for market conditions or pipeline connections; or

(3)           wells not capable of production for mechanical reasons.

 

Behind-Pipe

 

Behind-pipe Reserves are expected to be recovered from zones in existing wells, which will require additional completion work or future re-completion prior to start of production.

 

In all cases, production can be initiated or restored with relatively low expenditure compared to the cost of drilling a new well.

 

UNDEVELOPED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)

 

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X 210.4-10(a)(31) defines undeveloped oil and gas reserves as follows:

 

Undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.

 

(i)                                      reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those directly offsetting development spacing areas that are reasonably certain of production when drilled, unless evidence using reliable technology exists that establishes reasonable certainty of economic producibility at greater distances.

 

(ii)                                   Undrilled locations can be classified as having undeveloped reserves only if a development plan has been adopted indicating that they are scheduled to be drilled within five years, unless the specific circumstances, justify a longer time.

 

(iii)                                Under no circumstances shall estimates for undeveloped reserves be attributable to any acreage for which an application of fluid injection or other improved recovery techniques is contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective by actual projects in the same reservoir or an analogous reservoir, as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, or by other evidence using reliable technology establishing reasonable certainty.

 

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