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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ALIBABA GROUP HOLDING LIMITED INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

(Mark One)    

o
 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OR 12(G) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

ý
 
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015

OR

o
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

o
 
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report……………

For the transition period from                        to                         

Commission file number 001-36614

Alibaba Group Holding Limited
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

c/o Alibaba Group Services Limited
26/F Tower One, Times Square
1 Matheson Street, Causeway Bay
Hong Kong
(Address of principal executive offices)

Timothy A. Steinert, Esq., General Counsel and Secretary
Telephone: +852-2215-5100
Facsimile: +852-2215-5200
Alibaba Group Holding Limited
c/o Alibaba Group Services Limited
26/F Tower One, Times Square
1 Matheson Street, Causeway Bay
Hong Kong
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class   Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary Shares, par value $0.000025 per share    

American Depositary Shares, each representing
one Ordinary Share

  New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:  None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 2,495,499,036 Ordinary Shares

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

o  Yes     ý  No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

o  Yes     ý  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

ý  Yes     o  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

o  Yes     ý  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of "accelerated filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  o   Accelerated filer  o   Non-accelerated filer  ý

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP  ý   International Financial Reporting Standards as issued
by the International Accounting Standards Board  o 		  Other  o

If "Other" has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

o  Item 17     o  Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).

o  Yes     ý  No

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.

o  Yes     o  No

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
   
  Page

 

PART I

   

Item 1.

 

Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

  1

Item 2.

 

Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

  1

Item 3.

 

Key Information

  1

Item 4.

 

Information on the Company

  52

Item 4A.

 

Unresolved Staff Comments

  89

Item 5.

 

Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

  90

Item 6.

 

Directors, Senior Management and Employees

  131

Item 7.

 

Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

  149

Item 8.

 

Financial Information

  167

Item 9.

 

The Offer and Listing

  169

Item 10.

 

Additional Information

  169

Item 11.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

  178

Item 12.

 

Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

  179

 

PART II

 
 

Item 13.

 

Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

  181

Item 14.

 

Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

  181

Item 15.

 

Controls and Procedures

  181

Item 16A.

 

Audit Committee Financial Expert

  181

Item 16B.

 

Code of Ethics

  181

Item 16C.

 

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

  182

Item 16D.

 

Exemptions From the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

  182

Item 16E.

 

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

  182

Item 16F.

 

Change in Registrant's Certifying Accountant

  183

Item 16G.

 

Corporate Governance

  183

Item 16H.

 

Mine Safety Disclosure

  183

 

PART III

 
 

Item 17.

 

Financial Statements

  184

Item 18.

 

Financial Statements

  184

Item 19.

 

Exhibits

  184

i

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CONVENTIONS THAT APPLY TO THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 20-F

       Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this annual report on Form 20-F to:

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       Our reporting currency is the Renminbi. This annual report contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise stated, all translations of Renminbi into U.S. dollars were made at RMB6.1990 to US$1.00, the exchange rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board on March 31, 2015. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this annual report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all. On June 19, 2015, the noon buying rate for Renminbi was RMB6.2085 to US$1.00.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

       This annual report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including statements based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about us, our industry and the regulatory environment in which we and companies integral to our ecosystem operate. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made under the "safe harbor" provision under Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by words or phrases such as "may," "will," "expect," "anticipate," "aim," "estimate," "intend," "plan," "believe," "potential," "continue," "is/are likely to" or other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements included in this annual report relate to, among others:

       The global and PRC Internet, retail, wholesale, online and mobile commerce, cloud computing and data industries market may not grow at the rates projected by market data, or at all. The failure of these industries or markets to grow at the projected rates may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and the market price of our ADSs. If any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data turns out to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

       The forward-looking statements made in this annual report relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this annual report and the documents that we have referred to in this annual report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

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PART I

ITEM 1.    IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

       Not Applicable.

ITEM 2.    OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

       Not Applicable.

ITEM 3.    KEY INFORMATION

A.    Selected Financial Data.

       The selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended March 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2014 and 2015 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. Our selected consolidated statements of operations data for the year ended March 31, 2012 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2012 and 2013 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this annual report. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP. Our selected consolidated statements of operations data for the year ended March 31, 2011 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2011 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements not included in this annual report.

       The following selected consolidated financial data for the periods and as of the dates indicated are qualified by reference to and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects," both of which are included elsewhere in this annual report.

       Our historical results for any prior period do not necessarily indicate our results to be expected for any future period.

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Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

 
  Year ended March 31,  
 
  2011 (1)   2012   2013   2014   2015  
 
  RMB   RMB   RMB   RMB   RMB   US$  
 
  (in millions, except per share data)
 

Revenue

                                     

China commerce

    7,665     15,637     29,167     45,132     62,937     10,153  

International commerce

    3,433     3,765     4,160     4,851     6,486     1,046  

Cloud computing and Internet infrastructure

    425     515     650     773     1,271     205  

Others

    380     108     540     1,748     5,510     889  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total

    11,903     20,025     34,517     52,504     76,204     12,293  

Cost of revenue

    (3,497 )   (6,554 )   (9,719 )   (13,369 )   (23,834 )   (3,845 )

Product development expenses

    (2,062 )   (2,897 )   (3,753 )   (5,093 )   (10,658 )   (1,720 )

Sales and marketing expenses

    (3,154 )   (3,058 )   (3,613 )   (4,545 )   (8,513 )   (1,373 )

General and administrative expenses (2)

    (1,724 )   (2,211 )   (2,889 )   (4,218 )   (7,800 )   (1,258 )

Amortization of intangible assets

    (144 )   (155 )   (130 )   (315 )   (2,089 )   (337 )

Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets

    —     (135 )   (175 )   (44 )   (175 )   (28 )

Yahoo TIPLA amendment payment (3)

    —     —     (3,487 )   —     —     —  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Income from operations

    1,322     5,015     10,751     24,920     23,135     3,732  

Interest and investment income, net

    549     258     39     1,648     9,455     1,525  

Interest expense

    (4 )   (68 )   (1,572 )   (2,195 )   (2,750 )   (443 )

Other income, net

    68     327     894     2,429     2,486     401  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Income before income tax and share of results of equity investees

    1,935     5,532     10,112     26,802     32,326     5,215  

Income tax expenses

    (327 )   (842 )   (1,457 )   (3,196 )   (6,416 )   (1,035 )

Share of results of equity investees

    —     (25 )   (6 )   (203 )   (1,590 )   (257 )
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Net income

    1,608     4,665     8,649     23,403     24,320     3,923  

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

    (425 )   (437 )   (117 )   (88 )   (59 )   (9 )
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Net income attributable to Alibaba Group Holding Limited

    1,183     4,228     8,532     23,315     24,261     3,914  

Accretion of convertible preference shares (4)

    —     —     (17 )   (31 )   (15 )   (2 )

Dividends accrued on convertible preference shares (4)

    —     —     (111 )   (208 )   (97 )   (16 )
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Net income attributable to ordinary shareholders

    1,183     4,228     8,404     23,076     24,149     3,896  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
                           

Earnings per share/ADS attributable to ordinary shareholders:

   
  		   
  		   
  		   
  		   
  		   
  		 

Basic

    0.49     1.71     3.66     10.61     10.33     1.67  

Diluted

    0.48     1.67     3.57     10.00     9.70     1.56  

Supplemental information: (5)

   
  		   
  		   
  		   
  		   
  		   
  		 

Non-GAAP EBITDA

    3,009     7,274     16,607     30,731     40,753     6,574  

Non-GAAP net income

    2,778     6,452     13,869     28,274     34,981     5,643  

Non-GAAP diluted EPS

    0.95     2.38     5.76     12.09     13.97     2.25  

Free cash flow

    4,881     8,752     19,745     32,269     48,121     7,763  
(1)
Financial results of Alipay were consolidated into our financial statements prior to the year ended March 31, 2012. Due to regulatory requirements relating to payment service providers in China, our relationship with Alipay was restructured in 2011. See "Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — B. Related Party Transactions" for more details. Since then, as we do not have any ownership interest in, or control over, Alipay, the financial results of Alipay have not been included in our consolidated financial statements starting from the end of fiscal year 2011.

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(2)
In fiscal year 2014, these expenses included an equity-settled donation expense of RMB1,269 million relating to the grant of options to purchase 50,000,000 of our ordinary shares to a non-profit organization designated by Jack Ma and Joe Tsai.
(3)
We entered into the Yahoo TIPLA in October 2005, pursuant to which we paid royalty fees to Yahoo. We and Yahoo amended the existing TIPLA in September 2012, pursuant to which we made a lump sum payment in the amount of US$550 million.
(4)
Upon the completion of our initial public offering in September 2014, all of our then outstanding convertible preference shares were converted into ordinary shares.
(5)
See "Non-GAAP Measures" below.

Non-GAAP Measures

       We use non-GAAP EBITDA, non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP diluted EPS and free cash flow, each a non-GAAP financial measure, in evaluating our operating results and for financial and operational decision-making purposes.

       We believe that non-GAAP EBITDA, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted EPS help identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be distorted by the effect of the expenses that we include in income from operations, net income and diluted EPS. We believe that non-GAAP EBITDA, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted EPS provide useful information about our operating results, enhance the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects and allow for greater visibility with respect to key metrics used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making.

       We consider free cash flow to be a liquidity measure that provides useful information to management and investors about the amount of cash generated by our business that can be used for strategic corporate transactions, including investing in our new business initiatives, making strategic investments and acquisitions and strengthening our balance sheet. We use free cash flow to manage our business, make planning decisions, evaluate our performance and allocate resources. A limitation of the utility of free cash flow as a measure of financial performance is that it does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for a reporting period.

       Non-GAAP EBITDA, non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP diluted EPS and free cash flow should not be considered in isolation or construed as an alternative to net income, diluted EPS, cash flows or any other measure of performance or as an indicator of our operating performance. Non-GAAP EBITDA, non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP diluted EPS and free cash flow presented here may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. Other companies may calculate similarly titled measures differently, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures to our data.

       Non-GAAP EBITDA represents income from operations (which excludes interest and investment income, net, interest expense, other income, net, income tax expenses and share of results of equity investees) before (i) certain non-cash expenses, consisting of share-based compensation expense, amortization, depreciation, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets as well as (ii) one-time expense items consisting of the Yahoo TIPLA amendment payment and an equity-settled donation expense that we do not believe are reflective of our core operating performance during the periods presented.

       Non-GAAP net income represents net income before share-based compensation expense, amortization, impairment of goodwill, intangible assets and investments, gain (loss) on deemed disposals/disposals/revaluation of investments, amortization of excess value receivable arising from the restructuring of commercial arrangement with Ant Financial Services, and one-time expense items consisting of the Yahoo TIPLA amendment payment, an equity-settled donation expense, the expenses relating to the sale of shares by existing shareholders in our initial public offering and charge for financing-related fees as a result of early repayment of bank borrowings.

       Non-GAAP diluted EPS represents non-GAAP net income attributable to ordinary shareholders divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the periods on a diluted basis, including accounting for the effects of the assumed conversion of convertible preference shares prior to our initial public offering in September 2014.

       Free cash flow represents net cash provided by operating activities as presented in our consolidated cash flow statement less purchases of property and equipment and intangible assets (excluding acquisition of land use rights

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and construction in progress), and adjusted for changes in loan receivables relating to micro loans of our SME loan business and the Yahoo TIPLA amendment payment. We present the adjustment for changes in loan receivables because such receivables are reflected under cash flow from operating activities, whereas the secured borrowings and other bank borrowings used to finance them are reflected under cash flows from financing activities, and accordingly, the adjustment is made to show cash flows from operating activities net of the effect of changes in loan receivables.

       The table below sets forth a reconciliation of our income from operations to non-GAAP EBITDA for the periods indicated:

 
  Year ended March 31,  
 
  2011   2012   2013   2014   2015  
 
  RMB   RMB   RMB   RMB   RMB   US$  
 
  (in millions)
 

Income from operations

    1,322     5,015     10,751     24,920     23,135     3,732  

Add: Share-based compensation expense

    932     1,254     1,259     2,844     13,028     2,102  

Add: Amortization of intangible assets

    144     155     130     315     2,089     337  

Add: Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and land use rights

    611     715     805     1,339     2,326     375  

Add: Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets

    —     135     175     44     175     28  

Add: Yahoo TIPLA amendment payment

    —     —     3,487     —     —     —  

Add: Equity-settled donation expense

    —     —     —     1,269     —     —  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Non-GAAP EBITDA

    3,009     7,274     16,607     30,731     40,753     6,574  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
                           

       The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our net income from operations to non-GAAP net income for the periods indicated:

 
  Year ended March 31,  
 
  2011   2012   2013   2014   2015  
 
  RMB   RMB   RMB   RMB   RMB   US$  
 
  (in millions)
 

Net income

    1,608     4,665     8,649     23,403     24,320     3,923  

Add: Share-based compensation expense

    932     1,254     1,259     2,844     13,028     2,102  

Add: Amortization of intangible assets

    144     155     130     315     2,089     337  

Add: Impairment of goodwill, intangible assets and investments

    —     399     420     163     1,032     166  

Add: Loss (gain) on deemed disposals/disposals/ revaluation of investments

    94     (21 )   (76 )   (384 )   (6,715 )   (1,083 )

Add: Amortization of excess value receivable arising from the restructuring of commercial arrangements with Ant Financial Services

    —     —     —     —     166     27  

Add: Yahoo TIPLA amendment payment

    —     —     3,487     —     —     —  

Add: Equity-settled donation expense

    —     —     —     1,269     —     —  

Add: Expenses relating to the sale of shares by existing shareholders at initial public offering

    —     —     —     —     231     37  

Add: One-time charge for financing-related fees as a result of early repayment of bank borrowings

    —     —     —     664     830     134  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Non-GAAP net income

    2,778     6,452     13,869     28,274     34,981     5,643  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
                           

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       The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our diluted EPS to non-GAAP diluted EPS for the periods indicated:

 
  Year ended March 31,  
 
  2011   2012   2013   2014   2015  
 
  RMB   RMB   RMB   RMB   RMB   US$  
 
  (in millions, except per share data)
 

Net income attributable to ordinary shareholders

    1,183     4,228     8,404     23,076     24,149     3,896  

Add: Reversal of accretion upon assumed conversion of convertible preference shares

    —     —     17     31     15     2  

Add: Dividend eliminated upon assumed conversion of convertible preference shares

    —     —     111     208     97     16  

Less: Dilution effect on earnings arising from option plans operated by a subsidiary

    (2 )   (7 )   —     —     —     —  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Net income attributable to ordinary shareholders for computing diluted EPS

    1,181     4,221     8,532     23,315     24,261     3,914  

Add: Non-GAAP adjustments to net income (1)

    1,170     1,787     5,220     4,871     10,661     1,720  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Non-GAAP net income attributable to ordinary shareholders for computing non-GAAP diluted EPS

    2,351     6,008     13,752     28,186     34,922     5,634  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Weighted average number of shares on a diluted basis

    2,466     2,522     2,389     2,332     2,500        

Diluted EPS (2)

    0.48     1.67     3.57     10.00     9.70     1.56  

Add: Non-GAAP adjustments to net income per share (3)

    0.47     0.71     2.19     2.09     4.27     0.69  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Non-GAAP diluted EPS (4)

    0.95     2.38     5.76     12.09     13.97     2.25  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
                           
(1)
See the table above about the reconciliation of net income to non-GAAP net income for more information of these non-GAAP adjustments.
(2)
Diluted EPS is derived from net income attributable to ordinary shareholders for computing diluted EPS divided by weighted average number of shares on a diluted basis.
(3)
Non-GAAP adjustments to net income per share is derived from non-GAAP adjustments to net income divided by weighted average number of shares on a diluted basis.
(4)
Non-GAAP diluted EPS is derived from non-GAAP net income attributable to ordinary shareholders for computing non-GAAP diluted EPS divided by weighted average number of shares on a diluted basis.

       The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities to free cash flow for the periods indicated:

 
  Year ended March 31,  
 
  2011   2012   2013   2014   2015  
 
  RMB   RMB   RMB   RMB   RMB   US$  
 
  (in millions)
 

Net cash provided by operating activities

    5,914     9,275     14,476     26,379     41,217     6,649  

Less: Purchase of property and equipment and intangible assets (excluding land use rights and construction in progress)

    (1,033 )   (749 )   (1,046 )   (3,285 )   (4,770 )   (769 )

Add: Changes in loan receivables, net

    —     226     2,828     9,175     11,674     1,883  

Add: Yahoo TIPLA amendment payment

    —     —     3,487     —     —     —  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Free cash flow

    4,881     8,752     19,745     32,269     48,121     7,763  
                           
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
                           

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Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

 
  As of March 31,  
 
  2011   2012   2013   2014   2015  
 
  RMB   RMB   RMB   RMB   RMB   US$  
 
  (in millions)
 

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments (1)

    15,940     21,744     32,686     43,632     122,341     19,735  

Investment securities and investment in equity investees (2)

    3,933     2,483     2,426     22,131     52,146     8,412  

Property and equipment, net

    1,905     2,463     3,808     5,581     9,139     1,474  

Goodwill and intangible assets

    11,846     11,791     11,628     13,699     48,508     7,825  

Total assets

    37,830     47,210     63,786     111,549     255,434     41,206  

Current bank borrowings

    807     1,283     3,350     1,100     1,990     321  

Secured borrowings

    —     —     2,098     9,264     —     —  

Non-current bank borrowings

    —     —     22,462     30,711     1,609     260  

Unsecured senior notes

    —     —     —     —     48,994     7,903  

Redeemable preference shares

    —     —     5,191     —     —     —  

Total liabilities

    9,413     12,797     52,740     70,731     97,363     15,707  

Convertible preference shares (3)

    —     —     10,447     10,284     —     —  

Total Alibaba Group Holding Limited shareholders' equity (deficits)

    26,052     31,488     (24 )   29,338     145,439     23,462  

Total equity (4)

    28,402     34,383     513     30,417     157,413     25,393  
(1)
Includes both cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, which primarily comprise fixed deposits with original maturities of between three months and one year.
(2)
Includes both current and non-current investment securities and investment in equity investees.
(3)
Upon the completion of our initial public offering in September 2014, all of our then outstanding convertible preference shares were converted into ordinary shares.
(4)
The decrease from March 31, 2012 to March 31, 2013 was primarily due to the repurchase of our ordinary shares from Yahoo in September 2012 and the privatization of Alibaba.com, partially offset by the issuance of ordinary shares to finance the repurchase. The increase from March 31, 2014 to March 31, 2015 was primarily due to the issuance of our ordinary shares in connection with our initial public offering in September 2014 and net income for fiscal year 2015.

Selected Operating Data

GMV

       The following chart sets forth the GMV transacted on our China retail marketplaces and mobile GMV as a percentage of GMV for the periods indicated:

 
  Three months ended  
 
  Jun. 30,
2013 		  Sep. 30,
2013 		  Dec. 31,
2013 		  Mar. 31,
2014 		  Jun. 30,
2014 		  Sep. 30,
2014 		  Dec. 31,
2014 		  Mar. 31,
2015 		 
 
  (in billions of RMB, except percentages)
 

GMV (1)

                                                 

Taobao Marketplace GMV

    257     275     346     295     342     380     494     381  

Tmall GMV

    88     99     183     135     159     176     293     219  

Total GMV

    345     374     529     430     501     556     787     600  

Mobile GMV (as a percentage of total GMV)

    12%     15%     20%     27%     33%     36%     42%     51%  
(1)
GMV generated from traffic through Juhuasuan is recorded as either Taobao Marketplace GMV or Tmall GMV depending on which of these two marketplaces the transaction is completed.

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Annual Active Buyers

       The following chart sets forth the number of active buyers on our China retail marketplaces for the periods indicated:

 
  Twelve months ended  
 
  Jun. 30,
2013 		  Sep. 30,
2013 		  Dec. 31,
2013 		  Mar. 31,
2014 		  Jun. 30,
2014 		  Sep. 30,
2014 		  Dec. 31,
2014 		  Mar. 31,
2015 		 
 
  (in millions)
 

Active buyers

    185     202     231     255     279     307     334     350  

B.    Capitalization and Indebtedness

       Not Applicable.

C.    Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

       Not Applicable.

D.    Risk Factors

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Maintaining the trusted status of our ecosystem is critical to our success, and any failure to do so could severely damage our reputation and brand, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

       We have established a strong brand name and reputation for our ecosystem in China. Any loss of trust in our ecosystem or platform could harm the value of our brand and result in buyers and sellers ceasing to transact business on our marketplaces as well as participants reducing the level of their commercial activity in our ecosystem, which could materially reduce our revenue and profitability. Our ability to maintain our position as a trusted platform for online and mobile commerce is based in large part upon:

    •
    the reliability and security of our platform;

    •
    the quality and functionality of products and the wide range of services and functions we make available to participants on our platform;

    •
    the rules governing our marketplaces;

    •
    the quality and breadth of products and services offered by sellers through our marketplaces;

    •
    the strength of our consumer protection measures; and

    •
    our ability to provide reliable and trusted payment and escrow services through our arrangements with Alipay.

We may not be able to maintain and improve the network effects of our ecosystem, which could negatively affect our business and prospects.

       Our ability to maintain a healthy and vibrant ecosystem that creates strong network effects between buyers, sellers and other participants is critical to our success. The extent to which we are able to maintain and strengthen these network effects depends on our ability to:

    •
    offer a secure and open platform for all participants;

    •
    provide tools and services that meet the evolving needs of buyers and sellers;

    •
    provide a wide range of high-quality product and service offerings to buyers;

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    •
    provide sellers with a high level of traffic flow with strong commercial intent and effective online marketing services;

    •
    enhance the attractiveness of our mobile platform;

    •
    arrange secure and trusted payment settlement and escrow services;

    •
    coordinate fulfillment and delivery services with third-party logistics and delivery companies;

    •
    attract and retain third party service providers who are able to provide quality services on commercially reasonable terms to our sellers;

    •
    maintain the quality of our customer service; and

    •
    continue adapting to the changing demands of the market.

       In addition, changes we may make to enhance and improve our ecosystem and balance the needs and interests of the various participants on our ecosystem may be viewed positively from one participant group's perspective (such as buyers) but may have negative effects from another group's perspective (such as sellers). If we fail to balance the interests of all participants in our ecosystem, fewer buyers, sellers and other participants may visit our marketplaces, or they may conduct fewer transactions or use alternative platforms, any of which could result in a material decrease in our revenue and net income.

Our operating philosophy and interest in maintaining the health of our ecosystem may negatively influence our short-term financial performance.

       Consistent with our operating philosophy and focus on the long-term interests of our ecosystem participants, we may take actions that fail to generate short-term financial results, and we cannot assure you that these actions will produce long-term benefits. For example, we share a significant portion of the revenue generated from our network of third-party marketing partners, or the Taobao Affiliate Network, with such marketing partners. In addition, our efforts relating to our mobile platform have emphasized expanding our user base and enhancing user experience, rather than prioritizing monetization of user traffic on our mobile platform. We also make investments in new products, services and business initiatives that may not provide economic benefits to us in the short-term or at all.

User behavior on mobile devices is rapidly evolving, and if we fail to successfully adapt to these changes, our competitiveness and market position may suffer.

       Buyers, sellers and other participants are increasingly using mobile devices in China for a wide range of purposes, including for e-commerce. While a significant and growing portion of participants access our platforms through mobile devices, this area is relatively new and developing rapidly and we may not be able to continue to increase the level of mobile access to and engagement on our marketplaces. The variety of technical and other configurations across different mobile devices and platforms increases the challenges associated with this environment. Our ability to successfully expand the use of mobile devices to access our platform is affected by the following factors:

    •
    our ability to continue to provide compelling commerce platforms and tools in a multi-device environment;

    •
    the quality of our mobile offerings, or mobile-based payment services provided by Alipay;

    •
    our ability to successfully deploy apps on popular mobile operating systems that we do not control, such as iOS and Android;

    •
    our ability to adapt to the device standards used by third-party manufacturers and distributors; and

    •
    the attractiveness of alternative platforms.

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       If we are unable to attract significant numbers of new mobile buyers and increase levels of mobile engagement, our ability to maintain or grow our business would be materially and adversely affected.

We may not be able to successfully monetize traffic on our mobile platform, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

       An increasing percentage of our users are accessing our marketplaces through mobile devices, a trend that we expect to continue. Our ability to monetize our mobile user traffic is critical to our business and our growth. We face a number of challenges to successfully monetizing our mobile user traffic, including:

    •
    providing marketing services in a compelling and effective manner on mobile devices;

    •
    developing alternative sources of revenue generated from mobile access to our marketplaces;

    •
    offering a comprehensive user experience on our mobile apps; and

    •
    ensuring that the mobile services we provide are secure and trusted.

       If as we experience increased use of mobile devices for mobile commerce we are unable to monetize that increased use, our business may not grow or could decline, and our revenues and net income would be materially reduced. For instance, to date we have chosen not to display as many marketing impressions on our mobile apps as compared to on our personal computer-based websites. Although we do not believe the increasing use of mobile devices to conduct commerce has had an adverse effect on our business, our rapid overall growth may make less apparent any adverse effects of this trend on our near-term financial performance. In the quarter ended March 31, 2015, our mobile GMV exceeded 50% of our total GMV for the first time, and we expect mobile GMV as a percentage of total GMV will continue to grow and that our monetization rates for mobile interfaces in the near term will remain lower than those we have achieved from websites because to date our focus has not been on maximizing mobile monetization and we have only recently begun to increasingly monetize mobile activities. Going forward we believe our financial results will become increasingly dependent on our ability to monetize the use of mobile devices to access our marketplaces. We expect this trend will have a greater effect on our business to the extent that shopping on mobile devices displaces transactions that could have occurred on personal computers.

We may not be able to maintain our culture, which has been a key to our success.

       Since our founding, our culture has been defined by our mission, vision and values, and we believe that our culture has been critical to our success. In particular, our culture has helped us serve the long-term interests of our customers, attract, retain and motivate employees and create value for our shareholders. We face a number of challenges that may affect our ability to sustain our corporate culture, including:

    •
    failure to identify and promote people in leadership positions in our organization who share our culture, values and mission;

    •
    failure to execute a management succession plan to replace our current generation of management leaders;

    •
    the increasing size and geographic diversity of our workforce;

    •
    challenges of effectively incentivizing and motivating employees who gained a substantial amount of personal wealth because of our initial public offering;

    •
    competitive pressures to move in directions that may divert us from our mission, vision and values;

    •
    the continued challenges of an ever-changing business environment;

    •
    the pressure from the public markets to focus on short-term results instead of long-term value creation;

    •
    the increasing need to develop expertise in new areas of business that affect us; and

    •
    the integration of new personnel and businesses from acquisitions.

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       If we are not able to maintain our culture or if our culture fails to deliver the long-term results we expect to achieve, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

If we are unable to compete effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

       We face increasingly intense competition, mainly from Chinese and global Internet companies as well as from offline retailers, particularly those establishing online marketplaces. We compete to attract, engage and retain buyers based on the variety and value of products and services listed on our marketplaces, overall user experience and convenience and availability of payment settlement and logistics services. We compete to attract and retain sellers based on our size and the engagement of buyers, and the effectiveness and value of the marketing services we offer. We also compete based on the usefulness of the services we provide, including marketing data and data science, cloud computing services, the availability of supporting services, including payment settlement and logistics services, and the quality of our customer service. In addition, we compete for motivated and effective talent and personnel, including engineers and product developers who serve critical functions in the development of our products and our ecosystem.

       Our ability to compete depends on a number of other factors as well, some of which may be out of our control, including:

    •
    the timely introduction and market acceptance of the services we offer, compared to those of our competitors;

    •
    our ability to innovate and develop new technologies;

    •
    our ability to maintain and enhance our leading position in mobile commerce in China;

    •
    our ability to benefit from new business initiatives; and

    •
    alliances, acquisitions or consolidations within the Internet industry that may result in stronger competitors.

       If we are not able to compete effectively, the GMV transacted on our marketplaces and the user activity level on our platform may decrease significantly, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations as well as our brand.

We rely on Alipay to conduct substantially all of the payment processing and all of the escrow services on our marketplaces. Alipay's business is highly regulated, and it is also subject to a range of risks. If Alipay's services are limited, restricted, curtailed or degraded in any way or become unavailable to us or our users for any reason, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

       Alipay provides payment processing and escrow services that are critical to our platform through contractual arrangements with us. In the twelve months ended March 31, 2015, 75% of GMV on our China retail marketplaces was settled through Alipay, and the settlement and escrow services and convenient payment mechanisms provided by Alipay are critical factors contributing to our success and the development of our ecosystem.

       We established Alipay in December 2004 to operate our payment services. In June 2010, the PBOC issued new regulations that required non-bank payment companies to obtain a license in order to operate in China. These regulations provided specific guidelines for license applications only for domestic PRC-owned entities. These regulations stipulated that, in order for any foreign-invested payment company to obtain a license, the scope of business, the qualifications of any foreign investor and any level of foreign ownership would be subject to future regulations to be issued, which in addition would require approval by the PRC State Council. Further, the regulations required that any payment company that failed to obtain a license had to cease operations by September 1, 2011. Although Alipay was prepared to submit its license application in early 2011, at that time the PBOC had not issued any guidelines applicable to license applications for foreign-invested payment companies (and no such guidelines have been issued as of the date of this annual report). In light of the uncertainties relating

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to the license qualification and application process for a foreign-invested payment company, our management determined that it was necessary to restructure Alipay as a company wholly-owned by PRC nationals in order to avail Alipay of the specific licensing guidelines applicable only to domestic PRC-owned entities. Accordingly we divested all of our interest in and control over Alipay, which resulted in deconsolidation of Alipay from our financial statements. This action enabled Alipay to obtain a payment business license in May 2011 without delay and without any detrimental impact to our China retail marketplaces or to Alipay. Following the divestment of our interest in and control over Alipay, effective in the first calendar quarter of 2011, we entered into a framework agreement with Ant Financial Services (the parent company of Alipay), Alipay, SoftBank, Yahoo, Jack Ma and Joe Tsai to govern our relationship with Alipay and its parent company, Ant Financial Services. In August 2014, we entered into a share and asset purchase agreement or the 2014 SAPA, to further restructure the economic terms of our relationship with Alipay and Ant Financial Services. Pursuant to a commercial agreement we entered into with Alipay in connection with the 2011 framework agreement, as amended through August 2014, Alipay continues to provide payment services to us on terms preferential to us, which arrangement remains unchanged under the 2014 SAPA. See "Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — B. Related Party Transactions — Agreements and Transactions Related to Ant Financial Services and its Subsidiaries."

       Alipay's business is highly regulated, and it is also subject to a number of risks that could materially and adversely affect its ability to provide payment processing and escrow services to us, including:

    •
    increased regulatory focus and the requirement to comply with numerous complex and evolving laws, rules and regulations;

    •
    increasing costs to Alipay, including fees charged by banks to process funds through Alipay, which would also increase our cost of revenues;

    •
    dissatisfaction with Alipay's services or lower use of Alipay by consumers and merchants;

    •
    changes to rules or practices applicable to payment card systems that link to Alipay;

    •
    leakage of customers' personal information and concerns over the use and security of any collected information;

    •
    service outages, system failures or failure to effectively scale the system to handle large and growing transaction volumes;

    •
    failure to manage funds accurately or loss of funds, whether due to employee fraud, security breaches, technical errors or otherwise; and

    •
    failure to manage business and regulatory risks.

       Regulators and third parties in China have been increasing their focus on online and mobile payment services, such as those provided by Alipay, and recent regulatory and other developments could reduce the convenience or utility of Alipay users' accounts, including the following:

    •
    In March 2014, it was reported that the PBOC had prepared a further draft of regulations relating to online and mobile payment services. The new draft of the regulations includes a number of proposed provisions relating to account management, security measures and other matters. These provisions would, if adopted, prohibit individuals from using the funds in their online and mobile payment accounts with third-party payment providers such as Alipay to make purchases in excess of RMB5,000 (US$807) in any single transaction or over RMB10,000 (US$1,613) in aggregate purchases per month. In addition, these provisions, if adopted, would limit transfers without any underlying e-commerce transaction from an individual's account with third-party payment providers to other accounts to RMB1,000 (US$161) per transaction and RMB10,000 (US$1,613) in aggregate transfers per year. If the draft regulations were to be adopted in their current or similar form, or other limits were imposed on the size or other aspects of transactions that may be processed through Alipay, the ability of buyers to pay for purchases on our marketplaces using Alipay payment accounts could be materially limited. The draft regulations, however, do not affect Alipay's escrow

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    services. Buyers on our marketplaces could continue to pay for purchases through other means, such as online bank transfers and credit cards, and continue to fund their Alipay escrow accounts. So long as payments are not made outside of the Alipay escrow system, we would continue to collect commissions on such purchases if they were made on marketplaces on which we collect commissions. The PBOC has indicated that the purpose of these provisions and other parts of the draft regulations is prudential and that final regulations, including these provisions, would be subject to public consultation and revision.

    •
    In March 2014, certain large commercial banks in China reduced their existing limits on the amounts that may be transferred by automatic payment from customers' bank accounts to their linked accounts with third-party payment services. Certain of these banks imposed lower limits on Alipay than on other payment services. These limits on payments funded through Alipay's automatic payment services range from RMB10,000 per day to RMB50,000 per day depending on the bank, while monthly transfer limits on payments funded through third-party payment companies' automatic payment services were set as low as RMB50,000 per month by certain banks. Although we believe the impact of these restrictions has not been and will not be significant in terms of the overall volume of payments processed for our China retail marketplaces, and automatic payment services represent only one of many payment mechanisms that buyers may use to settle transactions, the practices of the banks remain in flux. We cannot predict whether these and any additional restrictions could be put in place that could have a material adverse effect on our marketplaces.

    •
    In April 2014, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, or the CBRC, and the PBOC issued Joint Circular 10, which, effective June 30, 2014, will require commercial banks and other financial institutions in China to conduct additional customer verification procedures prior to establishing an automatic payment link between customers' bank accounts and their accounts with third-party payment services, such as Alipay. Once the accounts have been linked, Joint Circular 10 also requires commercial banks and other financial institutions in China to, upon the customer's request, adjust any limits imposed on the amounts that may be transferred to the linked accounts. It is unclear how commercial banks and other financial institutions will implement the additional customer verification procedures or the requirement to adjust the transfer limits.

       We rely on the convenience and ease of use that Alipay provides to our users. If the quality, utility, convenience or attractiveness of Alipay's services declines as a result of these limitations or for any other reason, the attractiveness of our marketplaces could be materially and adversely affected.

       If we need to migrate to another third-party payment service for any reason, the transition would require significant time and management resources, and the third-party payment service may not be as effective, efficient or well-received by buyers and sellers on our marketplaces. These third-party payment services also may not provide escrow services, and we may not be able to receive commissions based on GMV transacted through these systems. In addition, we would no longer have the benefit of the terms preferential to us under our commercial agreement with Alipay and would likely be required to pay more for payment processing and escrow services than we are currently paying. There can be no assurance that we would be able to reach an agreement with an alternative online payments service on acceptable terms or at all.

       Moreover, because of our close association with Alipay and overlapping user base, events that negatively affect Alipay could also negatively affect customers', regulators' and other third parties' perception of us. In addition, any actual or perceived conflict of interest between us and Alipay or any other company integral to the functioning of our ecosystem could also materially harm our reputation as well as our business and prospects.

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We do not control Alipay or its parent entity, Ant Financial Services, over which Jack Ma effectively controls a majority of the voting interests. Accordingly, if conflicts arise between us and Alipay or Ant Financial Services, including conflicts that could threaten our ability to continue to receive payment services on preferential terms or conflicts relating to commercial opportunities that we or Alipay or Ant Financial Services wish to pursue, such conflicts may not be resolved in our favor and could have a negative effect on our ecosystem and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Moreover, conflicts of interest may arise due to Jack Ma's role as executive chairman of our company and through his voting control over and his economic interest in Ant Financial Services, and he may not act to resolve such conflicts in our favor.

       Although we rely on Alipay to conduct substantially all of the payment processing and all of the escrow services on our marketplaces, we do not have any control over Alipay. Following the divestment of our interests in and control over Alipay, effective as of the first calendar quarter of 2011, we entered into an agreement with Alipay pursuant to which Alipay provides payment services on terms that are preferential to us. The agreement, as amended through August 2014, has an initial term of 50 years from the date of the original agreement, and is automatically renewable for further periods of 50 years. Following such divestment and subsequent equity holding restructurings, an entity controlled by Jack Ma, our executive chairman, has become the general partner of Hangzhou Junhan Equity Investment Partnership, or Junhan, a PRC limited partnership, and Junao Equity Investment Partnership, or Junao, a PRC limited partnership, which are two major equity holders of Ant Financial Services. Accordingly, Jack has an economic interest in Ant Financial Services and is able to exercise the voting power of the major shareholders of Ant Financial Services. We understand that through the exercise of such voting power, Jack continues to control a substantial majority of the voting interests in Ant Financial Services.

       As noted in the immediately preceding risk factor, Alipay's business is subject to a number of risks. If Alipay were not able to successfully manage these risks, its ability to continue to deliver payment services to us on preferential terms may be undermined. Furthermore, if, notwithstanding its existing obligations to us under the agreement, Alipay sought to alter the terms of the agreement and to amend the terms of its arrangements with us in order to improve its business by modifying the payment processing terms or otherwise, there is no assurance that Jack Ma, in light of his voting control over Alipay's parent, Ant Financial Services, will act in our interest. If we were to lose such preferential terms or if Alipay is unable to successfully manage its business, our ecosystem could be negatively affected, and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

       In addition to the payment processing and escrow services provided by Alipay, Ant Financial Services provides other financial services to participants in our ecosystem, including micro-finance services through the SME loan business that we transferred to Ant Financial Services upon the completion of the restructuring of our relationship with Ant Financial Services in early February 2015, and may provide additional services in the future. Other conflicts of interest between us, on the one hand, and Alipay and Ant Financial Services, on the other hand, may arise relating to commercial or strategic opportunities or initiatives. Although we and Ant Financial Services have each agreed to certain non-competition undertakings under the 2014 SAPA, we cannot assure you that Ant Financial Services would not pursue opportunities to provide services to our competitors or other opportunities that would conflict with our interests. Jack Ma may not resolve such conflicts in our favor. Furthermore, our ability to explore alternative payment services other than Alipay for our marketplaces may be constrained due to Jack's relationship with Ant Financial Services.

       In addition, we have granted share-based awards to employees of Ant Financial Services, and Junhan has made share-based awards tied to the value of Ant Financial Services to our employees. The provision of awards to our employees tied to the value of Ant Financial Services is expected to enhance our strategic and financial relationship with Ant Financial Services. See "Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — B. Related Party Transactions — Agreements and Transactions Related to Ant Financial Services and its Subsidiaries — Share-based Award Reimbursement Arrangements" and "— Equity-based Awards to Our Employees by a Related Party." The share-based awards granted by Junhan to our employees resulted in expenses that are recognized by our company. Subject to the approval of our audit committee, Jack, through his role with us and his control over Junhan could be in a position to propose and promote further share-based grants that result

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in additional, and potentially significant, expenses to our company. Accordingly, these and other potential conflicts of interest between us and Alipay, and between us and Jack or Junhan, may not be resolved in our favor, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

If we are not able to continue to innovate or if we fail to adapt to changes in our industry, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

       The Internet industry is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, new service and product introductions and changing customer demands. Furthermore, our competitors are constantly developing innovations in Internet search, online marketing, communications, social networking and other services to enhance users' online experience. We continue to invest significant resources in our infrastructure, research and development and other areas in order to enhance our platform technology and our existing products and services as well as to introduce new high quality products and services that will attract more participants to our marketplaces. The changes and developments taking place in our industry may also require us to re-evaluate our business model and adopt significant changes to our long-term strategies and business plan. Our failure to innovate and adapt to these changes would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business generates and processes a large amount of data, and the improper use or disclosure of such data could harm our reputation as well as have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects.

       Our marketplaces and platform generate and process a large quantity of personal, transaction, demographic and behavioral data. We face risks inherent in handling large volumes of data and in protecting the security of such data. In particular, we face a number of challenges relating to data from transactions and other activities on our platform, including:

    •
    protecting the data in and hosted on our system, including against attacks on our system by outside parties or fraudulent behavior or improper use by our employees;

    •
    addressing concerns related to privacy and sharing, safety, security and other factors; and

    •
    complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations relating to the collection, use, disclosure or security of personal information, including any requests from regulatory and government authorities relating to such data.

       In addition, pursuant to our data sharing agreement with Alipay and other participants in our ecosystem, which sets forth data security and confidentiality protocols, and subject to relevant legal requirements and limitations, we share certain data with Alipay and other participants in our ecosystem who provide services to sellers, such as marketing affiliates, retail operational partners, independent software vendors, or ISVs, and various professional service providers. These ecosystem participants face the same challenges inherent in handling large volumes of data and in protecting the security of such data. Any systems failure or security breach or lapse on our part or on the part of any of our ecosystem participants that results in the release of user data could harm our reputation and brand and, consequently, our business, in addition to exposing us to potential legal liability.

       As we expand our operations, we will be subject to additional laws in other jurisdictions where our sellers, buyers and other participants are located. The laws, rules and regulations of other jurisdictions, such as the United States and Europe, may impose more stringent or conflicting requirements and penalties than those in China, compliance with which could require significant resources and costs. Our privacy policies and practices concerning the collection, use and disclosure of user data are posted on our websites. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our posted privacy policies or with any regulatory requirements or privacy protection-related laws, rules and regulations could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others. These proceedings or actions may subject us to significant penalties and negative publicity, require us to change our business practices, increase our costs and severely disrupt our business.

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We may not be able to maintain or grow our revenue or our business.

       We primarily derive our revenue from online marketing services, commissions based on transaction value derived from certain of our marketplaces and fees from the sale of memberships on our wholesale marketplaces, and we have experienced significant growth in revenue in recent years. In particular, our revenue grew 52% from fiscal year 2013 to fiscal year 2014 and 45% from fiscal year 2014 to fiscal year 2015. Our marketing customers are typically brand owners, distributors and merchants who are sellers on our marketplaces. Marketing customers do not have long-term marketing commitments with us. The price a merchant is willing to pay for online marketing services generally depends on its expected GMV, profit margins and lifetime value of customers derived from such marketing investment. If those services do not generate the rate of return the seller expects or rates that are competitive to alternatives, the seller may reduce its spending on the marketing services we offer. In addition, as we currently are monetizing mobile GMV at a lower rate than GMV generated through personal computer interfaces, our revenue growth rate may be affected by the increasing proportion of mobile GMV in our overall GMV. Furthermore, our efforts to improve user experience may also adversely affect our revenue growth and financial results in the near term.

       Sellers on Tmall and Juhuasuan are required to pay a commission typically ranging from 0.3% to 5% of GMV settled through Alipay depending on the product category. If less GMV is transacted through such marketplaces or more GMV is generated from product categories with lower commission rates, or if more transactions are settled directly between buyers and sellers without using Alipay's payment processing and escrow services, the commissions we receive from transactions would decrease.

       For our wholesale marketplaces, we primarily derive revenues from membership fees. Potential changes in our strategy for monetizing our wholesale marketplaces could result in prolonged reductions in revenue from those marketplaces.

       Our future revenue growth may also depend on our ability to grow our other businesses, including our cloud computing business and the businesses we have acquired or invested in and new business initiatives we may explore in the future. In particular, we face risks associated with expanding into industries in which we have limited or no experience. For example, as we expand our entertainment business, we may be unable to produce or license quality content on commercially reasonable terms or at all, fail to anticipate or keep up with changes in user preferences, user behavior and technological developments or fail to gain access to content distribution channels. In addition, our expansion into the entertainment industry will subject us to additional regulatory risks, such as permit requirements and regulations over content in the PRC. If we are unable to successfully monetize and expand these businesses, our future revenue growth may be adversely affected.

       In addition, our revenue growth may slow or our revenues may decline for other reasons, including decreasing consumer spending, increasing competition, slowing growth of the China retail or China online retail industry and changes in government policies or general economic conditions. In addition, our revenue growth rate will likely decline as our revenue grows to higher levels.

Increased investments in our business may negatively affect our margins and our net income.

       We have experienced significant growth in our profit margins and net income. For example, our operating profit and net income grew 132% and 171%, respectively, from fiscal year 2013 to fiscal year 2014. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our growth at these levels, or at all. For example, our operating profit declined by 7% and net income only grew 4% from fiscal year 2014 to fiscal year 2015.

       Furthermore, we have made, and intend to continue to make, strategic investments and acquisitions to expand our user base, enhance our cloud computing business, add complementary products and technologies and further strengthen our ecosystem. For example, we expect to continue to make strategic investments and acquisitions relating to mobile, entertainment, cloud computing and big data, logistics services, local commerce, category expansion, healthcare, as well as the Internet of things. Our strategic investments and acquisitions may affect our future financial results, including by decreasing our margins and net income. For example, our acquisitions,

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including UCWeb, OneTouch and AutoNavi, resulted in an increase of expenses, but we do not expect they will materially increase our revenue in the short term. Historically, our costs have increased each year due to these factors and we expect to continue to incur increasing costs, which may be greater than we anticipate. Increases in our costs may materially and adversely affect our business and profitability and there can be no assurance that we will be able to sustain our net income growth rates or our margins.

Failure to maintain or improve our technology infrastructure could harm our business and prospects.

       We are constantly upgrading our marketplaces and platform to provide increased scale, improved performance for both online and mobile use of our platform and additional built-in functionality and additional capacity for our cloud computing services. Adopting new products and upgrading our ecosystem infrastructure require significant investments of time and resources, including adding new hardware, updating software and recruiting and training new engineering personnel. Maintaining and improving our technology infrastructure require significant levels of investment. Adverse consequences could include unanticipated system disruptions, slower response times, impaired quality of buyers' and sellers' experiences and delays in reporting accurate operating and financial information. For example, on Singles Day, there is significantly higher than normal activity on our marketplaces that our systems must handle. In addition, much of the software and interfaces we use are internally developed and proprietary technology. If we experience problems with the functionality and effectiveness of our software or platforms, or are unable to maintain and constantly improve our technology infrastructure to handle our business needs, our business, financial condition, results of operation and prospects, as well as our reputation, could be materially and adversely affected.

The successful operation of our business depends upon the performance and reliability of the Internet infrastructure in China and other countries in which we operate.

       Our business depends on the performance and reliability of the Internet infrastructure in China and other countries in which we operate. Almost all access to the Internet in China is maintained through state-owned telecommunication operators under the administrative control and regulatory supervision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China. In addition, the national networks in China are connected to the Internet through state-owned international gateways, which are the only channels through which a domestic user can connect to the Internet outside of China. We may not have access to alternative networks in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with the Internet infrastructure in China or elsewhere. In addition, the Internet infrastructure in the countries in which we operate may not support the demands associated with continued growth in Internet usage.

       The failure of telecommunications network operators to provide us with the requisite bandwidth could also interfere with the speed and availability of our websites. We have no control over the costs of the services provided by the telecommunications operators. If the prices that we pay for telecommunications and Internet services rise significantly, our gross margins could be adversely affected. In addition, if Internet access fees or other charges to Internet users increase, our user traffic may decrease, which in turn may significantly decrease our revenues.

Our ecosystem could be disrupted by network interruptions.

       Our ecosystem depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our computer and communications systems. Substantially all of our computer hardware and our cloud computing services is currently located in China. In addition, a large number of sellers maintain their enterprise resource planning, or ERP, and customer relationship management, or CRM, systems on our cloud computing platform, which contains substantial quantities of data relating to their accounts, transaction data, buyer information and other data that enables sellers to operate and manage their businesses. Although we have prepared for contingencies through redundancy measures and disaster recovery plans, such preparation may not be sufficient and we do not carry business interruption insurance. Despite any precautions we may take, the occurrence of a natural disaster, such as an earthquake, flood or fire, or other unanticipated problems at our facilities or the facilities of Alipay, Cainiao Logistics and other participants in our ecosystem, including power outages, system failures, telecommunications delays or failures, construction

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accidents, break-ins to information technology systems or computer viruses, could result in delays or interruptions to our marketplaces and platforms, loss of our and customers' data and business interruption for us and our customers. Any of these events could damage our reputation, significantly disrupt our operations and the operations of the sellers and other participants in our ecosystem and subject us to liability, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our sellers use third-party logistics and delivery companies to fulfill and deliver their orders. If these logistics and delivery companies fail to provide reliable delivery services, or our logistics information platform were to malfunction, suffer an outage or otherwise fail, our business and prospects, as well as our financial condition and results of operations, may be materially and adversely affected.

       We cooperate with a number of third-party logistics and delivery companies to help our sellers fulfill orders and deliver their products to buyers. We have established a logistics information platform that is operated by Zhejiang Cainiao Supply Chain Management Co. Ltd., or Cainiao Logistics (formerly referred to as China Smart Logistics), our 48%-owned affiliate, that links our information system to those of our logistics service partners. Interruptions to or failures in these third-parties' logistics and delivery services, or in our logistics information platform, could prevent the timely or proper delivery of products to buyers, which would harm the reputation of our marketplaces and our ecosystem. These interruptions may be due to events that are beyond our control or the control of these logistics and delivery companies, such as inclement weather, natural disasters, transportation disruptions or labor unrest. These logistics and delivery services could also be affected or interrupted by industry consolidation, insolvency or government shut-downs. We do not have agreements with logistics and delivery companies that require them to offer services to our sellers. The sellers on our marketplaces may not be able to find alternative logistics and delivery companies to provide logistics and delivery services in a timely and reliable manner, or at all. If the logistics information platform we use were to fail for any reason, our logistics service providers would be severely hindered from or unable to connect with our sellers, and their services and the functionality of our ecosystem could be severely affected. If the products sold on our marketplaces are not delivered in proper condition, on a timely basis or at shipping rates that marketplace participants are willing to bear, our business and prospects, as well as our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

If third-party service providers on our ecosystem fail to provide reliable or satisfactory services, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

       In addition to the services provided to our ecosystem by Alipay and logistics service providers, a number of third party participants, including marketing affiliates, retail operational partners, ISVs, and various professional service providers, also provide services to sellers. We do not have any agreements that require these third-party participants to provide services to sellers. To the extent these third-party service providers are unable to provide satisfactory services to sellers on commercially acceptable terms or at all or if we fail to retain existing or attract new quality service providers to our marketplaces, our ability to retain or attract sellers and buyers may be severely limited, which may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on key management as well as experienced and capable personnel generally, and any failure to attract, motivate and retain our staff could severely hinder our ability to maintain and grow our business.

       Our future success is significantly dependent upon the continued service of our key executives and other key employees. If we lose the services of any member of management or key personnel, we may not be able to locate suitable or qualified replacements, and may incur additional expenses to recruit and train new staff, which could severely disrupt our business and growth. In particular, Jack Ma, our lead founder, executive chairman and one of our principal shareholders, has been crucial to the development of our culture and strategic direction.

       In addition, we have a number of employees, including many members of management, whose equity ownership in our company gave them a substantial amount of personal wealth following our initial public offering.

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As a result, it may be difficult for us to continue to retain and motivate these employees, and this wealth could affect their decisions about whether or not they continue to remain with us. If we are unable to motivate or retain these employees, our business may be severely disrupted and our prospects could suffer.

       The size and scope of our ecosystem also require us to hire and retain a wide range of effective and experienced personnel who can adapt to a dynamic, competitive and challenging business environment. We will need to continue to attract and retain experienced and capable personnel at all levels as we expand our business and operations. Competition for talent in the PRC Internet industry is intense, and the availability of suitable and qualified candidates in China is limited. Competition for these individuals could cause us to offer higher compensation and other benefits to attract and retain them. Even if we were to offer higher compensation and other benefits, there is no assurance that these individuals will choose to join or continue to work for us. Any failure to attract or retain key management and personnel could severely disrupt our business and growth.

Security breaches and attacks against our systems and network, and any potentially resulting breach or failure to otherwise protect confidential and proprietary information could damage our reputation and negatively impact our business, as well as materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

       Although we have employed significant resources to develop our security measures against breaches, our cybersecurity measures may not detect or prevent all attempts to compromise our systems, including distributed denial-of-service attacks, viruses, malicious software, break-ins, phishing attacks, social engineering, security breaches or other attacks and similar disruptions that may jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted by our systems or that we otherwise maintain. Breaches of our cybersecurity measures could result in unauthorized access to our systems, misappropriation of information or data, deletion or modification of user information, or a denial-of-service or other interruption to our business operations. As techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or sabotage systems change frequently and may not be known until launched against us or our third-party service providers, we may be unable to anticipate, or implement adequate measures to protect against, these attacks.

       We have in the past and are likely again in the future to be subject to these types of attacks, although to date no such attack has resulted in any material damages or remediation costs. If we are unable to avert these attacks and security breaches, we could be subject to significant legal and financial liability, our reputation would be harmed and we could sustain substantial revenue loss from lost sales and customer dissatisfaction. We may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent rapidly evolving types of cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks may target us, our sellers, buyers or other participants, or the communication infrastructure on which we depend. Actual or anticipated attacks and risks may cause us to incur significantly higher costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and network protection technologies, train employees, and engage third-party experts and consultants. Cybersecurity breaches would not only harm our reputation and business, but also could materially decrease our revenue and net income. We do not carry business interruption or cybersecurity insurance.

Our failure to manage the growth of our business and operations could harm us.

       Our business has become increasingly complex, both in the types of businesses we operate and their scale. We have significantly expanded our headcount, office facilities and infrastructure, and anticipate that further expansion in certain areas and geographies will be required. This expansion increases the complexity of our operations and places a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources. We must continue to effectively hire, train and manage new employees. If our new hires perform poorly or if we are unsuccessful in hiring, training, managing and integrating new employees, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially harmed.

       Moreover, our current and planned personnel, systems, procedures and controls may not be adequate to support our future operations. To effectively manage the expected growth of our operations and personnel, we will need to continue to improve our transaction processing, operational and financial systems, procedures and controls, which could be particularly challenging as we acquire new operations with different and incompatible systems.

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These efforts will require significant managerial, financial and human resources. We cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively manage our growth or to implement all these systems, procedures and control measures successfully. If we are not able to manage our growth effectively, our business and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

We face risks relating to our acquisitions, investments and alliances.

       We have acquired and invested in a significant number of businesses, technologies, services and products in recent years, including investments in equity investees and joint ventures in which we do not hold a controlling stake, and have a number of pending investments and acquisitions that are subject to closing conditions. See "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Recent Investment, Acquisition and Strategic Alliance Activities." We expect to continue to evaluate and consider a wide array of potential strategic transactions as part of our overall business strategy, including business combinations, acquisitions and dispositions of businesses, technologies, services, products and other assets, as well as strategic investments and alliances. At any given time we may be engaged in discussions or negotiations with respect to one or more of these types of transactions. These transactions involve significant challenges and risks, including:

    •
    difficulties integrating into our operations the personnel, operations, products, services, technology, internal controls and financial reporting of companies we acquire;

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    disruption of our ongoing business, distraction of our management and employees and increase of our expenses;

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    loss of skilled professionals as well as established client relationships of the businesses we invest in or acquire;

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    for investments over which we may not obtain management and operational control, we may lack influence over the controlling partner or shareholder, which may prevent us from achieving our strategic goals in such investment;

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    new regulatory requirements and compliance risks that we become subject to as a result of acquisitions of businesses in new industries or otherwise;

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    actual or alleged misconduct or non-compliance by any company we acquire or invest in (or by its affiliates) that occurred prior to our acquisition or investment, which may lead to negative publicity, government inquiry or investigations against such company or against us;

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    unforeseen or hidden liabilities or costs that may adversely affect us following our acquisition of such targets;

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    potential impairment charges or write-offs due to the changes in the fair value of the acquired targets as a result of market volatility or other reasons that we may or may not control;

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    regulatory hurdles including in relation to the anti-monopoly and competition laws, rules and regulations of China and other countries in connection with any proposed investments and acquisitions, including, in the case of our potential future acquisition of an equity interest in Ant Financial Services, PRC regulations pertaining to non-bank payment companies;

    •
    the risk that any of our pending or other future proposed acquisitions does not close; and

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    challenges in achieving the expected benefits of synergies and growth opportunities in connection with these acquisitions and investments, such as the inability to realize the expected benefits of the restructuring in August 2014 of our relationship with Alipay and Ant Financial Services.

       Our significant acquisition activity has occurred recently, and we do not have substantial experience in integrating major acquisitions. Any of these difficulties could disrupt our ongoing business, distract our management and employees and increase our expenses. In particular, the 2014 SAPA provides for future potential acquisition by us of an equity interest in Ant Financial Services, subject to certain PRC regulatory approvals. We

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cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the regulatory approvals necessary for us to acquire an equity interest in Ant Financial Services, or that we will be able to acquire such equity interest in the future.

We may be subject to allegations and lawsuits claiming that items listed on our marketplaces are pirated, counterfeit or illegal.

       We have received in the past, and we anticipate we will receive in the future, communications alleging that items offered or sold through our online marketplaces by third parties or that we make available through other services, such as our online music platform, infringe third-party copyrights, trademarks and patents or other intellectual property rights. Although we have adopted measures to verify the authenticity of products sold on our marketplaces and minimize potential infringement of third-party intellectual property rights through our intellectual property infringement complaint and take-down procedures, these measures may not always be successful. We have been and may continue to be subject to allegations of civil or criminal liability based on allegedly unlawful activities carried out by third parties through our online marketplaces. We also have been and may continue to be subject to allegations that we were participants in or facilitators of such allegedly unlawful activities. For example, in May 2015 we were named as a defendant in a lawsuit filed in the Southern District of New York by Kering S.A and other plaintiffs, which asserts various claims based on, among other things, the sales of allegedly counterfeit or otherwise trademark infringing merchandise by sellers on certain of our marketplaces.

       When we receive complaints or allegations regarding infringement or counterfeit goods, we follow certain procedures to verify the nature of the complaint and the relevant facts. We believe these procedures are important for purposes of investigating the allegations in question so that we can ensure confidence in our marketplace among buyers and sellers; however, these procedures could result in delays in delistings of allegedly infringing product listings. In the event that alleged counterfeit or infringing products are listed or sold on our marketplaces or our other services, we could face claims relating to such listings or sales or for our alleged failure to act in a timely or effective manner in response to infringement or to otherwise restrict or limit such sales or infringement.

       We may implement further measures in an effort to strengthen our protection against these potential liabilities that could require us to spend substantial additional resources and/or experience reduced revenues by discontinuing certain service offerings. In addition, these changes may reduce the attractiveness of our marketplaces and other services to buyers, sellers or other users. A customer whose content is removed or whose services are suspended or terminated by us, regardless of our compliance with the applicable laws, rules and regulations, may dispute our actions and commence action against us for damages based on breach of contract or other causes of action or make public complaints or allegations. Any costs incurred as a result of liability or asserted liability relating to the sale of unlawful goods or other infringement could harm our business. Moreover, we have in the past received negative publicity regarding the sales of counterfeit and pirated items on our marketplaces. In 2008, 2009 and 2010, Alibaba.com, and in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, Taobao Marketplace, were named as "notorious markets" in the annual Special 301 Report or Special 301 Out-of-Cycle Review prepared by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. The U.S. Trade Representative subsequently removed these marketplaces from the list. In January 2015, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce in China, or SAIC, released a report stating that Taobao Marketplace had the highest percentage of counterfeit goods among the online marketplaces that it surveyed. Subsequently, in the same month, the SAIC released a self-described "white paper" discussing perceived failures of our platform, including an alleged failure to crack down on the sale of counterfeit goods and other alleged illegal activities on our China retail marketplaces. Although the SAIC withdrew the so-called "white paper" the same day it was released, and later clarified that the document carried no legal force, continued public perception that counterfeit or pirated items are commonplace on our marketplaces or that we delay the process of removing such items, even if factually incorrect, could damage our reputation, result in lower list prices for goods sold through our marketplaces, harm our business, result in litigation and regulatory pressure or action against us and diminish the value of our brand name.

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Failure to deal effectively with any fraud perpetrated and fictitious transactions conducted on our marketplaces and other sources of customer dissatisfaction would harm our business.

       We face risks with respect to fraudulent activities on our marketplaces and periodically receive complaints from buyers who may not have received the goods that they had purchased, as well as complaints from sellers who have not received payment for the goods that a buyer had contracted to purchase. Although we have implemented various measures to detect and reduce the occurrence of fraudulent activities on our marketplaces, there can be no assurance that such measures will be effective in combating fraudulent transactions or improving overall satisfaction among our sellers, buyers and other participants. Additional measures that we take to address fraud could also negatively affect the attractiveness of our marketplaces to buyers or sellers. In addition, sellers on our marketplaces contribute to a fund to provide consumer protection guarantees. If our sellers do not perform their obligations under these programs, then we may use funds that have been deposited by sellers in a consumer protection fund to compensate buyers. If the amounts in the fund are not sufficient, we may choose to compensate buyers for such losses although we are not legally obligated to do so. Although we have recourse against our sellers for any amounts we incur, there is no assurance that we would be able to collect from our sellers.

       In addition to fraudulent transactions with legitimate buyers, sellers may also engage in fictitious or "phantom" transactions with themselves or collaborators in order to artificially inflate their own ratings on our marketplaces, reputation and search results rankings. This activity may harm other sellers by enabling the perpetrating seller to be favored over legitimate sellers, and may harm buyers by deceiving them into believing that a seller is more reliable or trusted than the seller actually is.

       Moreover, illegal, fraudulent or collusive activities by our employees could also subject us to liability or negative publicity. For instance, we learned that in early 2011 and 2012 in two separate incidents, certain of our employees had accepted payments from sellers in order to receive preferential treatment on Alibaba.com and Juhuasuan. Although we dismissed the employees responsible for the incidents and have taken action to further strengthen our internal controls and policies with regard to the review and approval of seller accounts, sales activities and other relevant matters, we cannot assure you that such controls and policies will prevent fraud or illegal activity by our employees or that similar incidents will not occur in the future. Any such illegal, fraudulent or collusive activity could severely damage our brand and reputation as an operator of trusted marketplaces, which could drive users and buyers away from our marketplaces, and materially and adversely affect GMV transacted on our marketplaces, our revenues and our net income.

       In January 2015, the SAIC discussed alleged fraudulent and fictitious transactions on our China retail marketplaces in its self-described "white paper." Although the SAIC withdrew the so-called "white paper" the same day it was released and later clarified that the document carried no legal force, the negative publicity and user sentiment generated as a result of this document or other allegations of fraudulent or deceptive conduct on our platform, whether allegedly engaged in by our employees or by third parties, could severely diminish consumer confidence in and use of our services, reduce our ability to attract new or retain current sellers, buyers and other participants, damage our reputation, result in shareholder or other litigation and diminish the value of our brand names, and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may increasingly become a target for public scrutiny, including complaints to regulatory agencies, negative media coverage, including social media and malicious reports, all of which could severely damage our reputation and materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.

       We process millions of transactions on a daily basis on our marketplaces, and the high volume of transactions taking place on our marketplaces and publicity about our business creates the possibility of heightened attention from the public, the media and our participants. For example, we receive complaints from our sellers, buyers and other participants about our marketplaces. In addition, changes in our services or policies have resulted and could result in objections by members of the public, the media, including social media, participants in our ecosystem or others. From time to time, these objections or allegations, regardless of their veracity, may result in public protests or negative publicity, which could result in government inquiry or harm our reputation. Corporate transactions we

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or related parties undertake may also subject us to increased media exposure and public scrutiny. There is no assurance that we would not become a target for public scrutiny in the future or such scrutiny and public exposure would not severely damage our reputation as well as our business and prospects.

       In addition, our directors and management have been, and continue to be, subject to scrutiny by the media and the public regarding their activities in and outside Alibaba Group, which may result in unverified, inaccurate or misleading information about them being reported by the press. Negative publicity about our executive chairman or other founders, directors or management, even if untrue or inaccurate, may harm our reputation.

We and Ant Financial Services are subject to various laws and regulations, and future laws and regulations may impose additional requirements and other obligations on our business or otherwise that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

       The industries in which we and Ant Financial Services operate in the PRC, including online and mobile commerce and payments, financial services and cloud computing, are highly regulated. The PRC government authorities are likely to continue to issue new laws, rules and regulations governing these industries, enhance enforcement of existing laws, rules and regulations and require new and additional licenses, permits and approvals from us and our users. These laws, rules and regulations and their application to us could take a direction that is adverse to our or Ant Financial Services' business at any time. In addition, there is no assurance that any required licenses, permits and approvals could be obtained in a timely or cost-effective manner, and failure to obtain them could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Changes in regulatory enforcement as well as tax policy in the PRC could also result in additional compliance obligations and increased costs or place restrictions upon our current or future operations. Any such legislation or regulation could also severely disrupt and constrain our business and the payment services used on our marketplaces.

       Transactions conducted through our cross-border marketplaces may be subject to different customs and import/export rules and regulations. These rules and regulations are complex, and customs and tax authorities in the relevant jurisdictions may challenge our interpretation of applicable customs and import/export rules relating to product shipments under their respective customs and import/export laws and treaties. In addition, we will also face the challenge of complying concurrently with the compliance rules and regulations of multiple jurisdictions, and such rules or regulations could conflict or interact with each other in complex ways.

       We have from time to time been subject to PRC and other foreign government inquiries and investigations, including those relating to website content and alleged third-party intellectual property infringement. We also face scrutiny, and have been subject to inquiries and investigations, from foreign governmental bodies that focus on cross-border trade, intellectual property protection, human rights and user privacy matters. None of these inquiries and investigations has resulted in significant restrictions on our business operations. However, as we continue to grow in scale and significance, we expect to face increased scrutiny, which will, at a minimum, result in our having to increase our investment in compliance and related capabilities and systems. The increasing sophistication and development of our user base will also increase the need for higher standards of user protection, privacy protection and dispute management. Any increased involvement in inquiries or investigations could result in significantly higher legal and other costs, diversion of management and other resources, as well as negative publicity, which could harm our business and reputation and materially reduce our revenue and net income.

       Alipay, which provides the substantial majority of the payment processing services on our marketplaces, is subject to various laws, rules and regulations in the PRC and other countries where it operates, including those governing banking, privacy, cross-border and domestic money transmission, anti-money laundering, counter-terrorist financing and consumer protection laws, rules and regulations. These laws, rules and regulations are highly complex and could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for Alipay to comply. In recent years, the PRC government has increasingly focused on regulation of the financial industry, including laws, rules and regulations relating to the provision of payment services. See "— We rely on Alipay to conduct substantially all of the payment processing and all of the escrow services on our marketplaces. Alipay's business is highly regulated, and it is also subject to a range of risks. If Alipay's services are limited, restricted, curtailed or degraded in any

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way or become unavailable to us for any reason, our business may be materially and adversely affected." In addition, Alipay is required to maintain a payment business license in the PRC. In 2011, we divested our interest in and control over Alipay in response to PBOC regulations issued in June 2010 that required non-bank payment companies to obtain a payment business license before September 1, 2011. These regulations provided specific guidelines for license applications only for domestic PRC-owned entities but stated that specific guidelines applicable to license applications for foreign-invested payment entities would be issued separately (although no such guidelines have been issued as of the date of this annual report). Accordingly, our management restructured the ownership and control of Alipay into a company wholly-owned by PRC nationals in order to obtain a payment business license within the time period prescribed by the PBOC regulations. In August 2014, we entered into the 2014 SAPA to further restructure the economic terms of our relationship with Alipay and its parent company. See "Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — B. Related Party Transactions — Agreements and Transactions Related to Ant Financial Services and its Subsidiaries — Share and Asset Purchase Agreement."

       Alipay is also required to maintain other applicable money transmitter or other licenses and approvals from regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions in which it operates, and the expansion by Alipay of its business may require additional licenses and approvals. Currently, in certain jurisdictions where Alipay does not have the required money transmitter or other licenses, Alipay provides payment processing and escrow services through third-party service providers. If these providers were to terminate their relationship with Alipay or otherwise cease providing services to Alipay, cross-border transactions on our marketplaces would be negatively affected. If Alipay fails to obtain and maintain all required licenses and approvals or otherwise fails to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations, if new laws, rules or regulations come into effect that impact Alipay's business, its services could be suspended or severely disrupted, and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

We may be accused of infringing intellectual property rights of third parties and content restrictions of relevant laws.

       Third parties may claim that the technology used in the operation of our platforms or our service offerings, including our cloud computing services, infringes upon their intellectual property rights. Although we have not in the past faced material litigation involving direct claims of infringement by us, the possibility of intellectual property claims against us increases as we continue to grow, particularly internationally. Such claims, whether or not having merit, may result in our expenditure of significant financial and management resources, injunctions against us or payment of damages. We may need to obtain licenses from third parties who allege that we have infringed their rights, but such licenses may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. These risks have been amplified by the increase in the number of third parties whose sole or primary business is to assert such claims.

       China has enacted laws and regulations governing Internet access and the distribution of products, services, news, information, audio-video programs and other content through the Internet. The PRC government has prohibited the distribution of information through the Internet that it deems to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations. If any of the information disseminated through our marketplaces and websites were deemed by the PRC government to violate any content restrictions, we would not be able to continue to display such content and could become subject to penalties, including confiscation of income, fines, suspension of business and revocation of required licenses, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

       The outcome of any claims, investigations and proceedings is inherently uncertain, and in any event defending against these claims could be both costly and time-consuming, and could significantly divert the efforts and resources of our management and other personnel. An adverse determination in any such litigation or proceedings could cause us to pay damages, as well as legal and other costs, limit our ability to conduct business or require us to change the manner in which we operate.

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We may become the target of anti-monopoly and unfair competition claims, which may result in our being subject to fines as well as constraints on our business.

       Although the PRC Anti-Monopoly Law is relatively recent, having taken effect on August 1, 2008, two of the three PRC anti-monopoly enforcement agencies, the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, and the SAIC, have in recent years strengthened enforcement actions, including levying significant fines, with respect to cartel activity as well as abusive behavior of companies having market dominance. The PRC Anti-Monopoly Law also provides a private right of action for competitors or users to bring anti-monopoly claims against companies. In recent years, an increased number of companies have been exercising their right to seek relief under the PRC Anti-Monopoly Law. As public awareness of the rights under the PRC Anti-Monopoly Law increases, more companies, including our competitors, business partners and customers may resort to the remedies under the law to improve their competition position, regardless of the merits of their claims.

       From time to time, we may receive close scrutiny from government agencies under the PRC Anti-Monopoly Law in connection with our business practices, investments and acquisitions. Any anti-monopoly lawsuit or administrative proceeding initiated against us may result in our being subject to profit disgorgement, heavy fines and various constraints on our business, or result in negative publicity which could harm our reputation and negatively affect the trading price of our ADSs. These constraints could include forced termination of any agreements or arrangements that are determined to be in violation of anti-monopoly laws, required divestitures and limitations on certain business practices, which may limit our ability to continue to innovate, diminish the appeal of our services and increase our operating costs. These constraints could also enable our competitors to develop websites, products and services that mimic the functionality of our services, which could decrease the popularity of our marketplaces among sellers, buyers and other participants, and cause our revenue and net income to decrease materially.

We may face challenges in expanding our cross-border operations.

       As we plan to continue expanding our existing cross-border operations into existing and other markets, we will face risks associated with expanding into markets in which we have limited or no experience and in which our company may be less well-known. We may be unable to attract a sufficient number of customers and other participants, fail to anticipate competitive conditions or face difficulties in operating effectively in these new markets. The expansion of our cross-border business will also expose us to risks inherent in transacting business globally, including:

    •
    lack of acceptance of our service offerings;

    •
    challenges and increased expenses associated with staffing and managing cross-border operations and managing an organization spread over various jurisdictions;

    •
    trade barriers such as import and export restrictions, competition law regimes and other trade restrictions;

    •
    differing and potentially adverse tax consequences;

    •
    increased and conflicting regulatory compliance requirements;

    •
    challenges caused by distance, language and cultural differences;

    •
    increased costs to protect intellectual property;

    •
    exchange rate fluctuations; and

    •
    political instability and general economic or political conditions in particular countries or regions.

As we expand further into new regions and markets, these risks could intensify. One or more of these factors could adversely impact our cross-border operations. Accordingly, any efforts we make to expand our cross-border operations may not be successful. Failure to expand our cross-border operations could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our brand name and our business may be harmed by aggressive marketing and communications strategies of our competitors.

       Due to intense competition in our industry, we have been and may be the target of incomplete, inaccurate and false statements about our company and our services that could damage our and our management's reputation and our brand and materially deter consumers from making purchases on our marketplaces. Our ability to respond to our competitors' misleading marketing efforts may be limited during our self-imposed quiet periods around quarter ends or due to legal prohibitions on permissible public communications by us during certain other periods.

Our revenue and net income may be materially and adversely affected by any economic slowdown in China as well as globally.

       The success of our business ultimately depends on consumer spending. We derive substantially all of our revenue from China. As a result, our revenue and net income are impacted to a significant extent by economic conditions in China and globally, as well as economic conditions specific to online and mobile commerce. The global economy, markets and levels of consumer spending are influenced by many factors beyond our control, including consumer perception of current and future economic conditions, political uncertainty, levels of employment, inflation or deflation, real disposable income, interest rates, taxation and currency exchange rates.

       The PRC government has in recent years implemented a number of measures to control the rate of economic growth, including by raising interest rates and adjusting deposit reserve ratios for commercial banks as well as by implementing other measures designed to tighten credit and liquidity. These measures have contributed to a slowdown of the PRC economy. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, China's GDP growth rate was 7.4% in 2014. Any continuing or worsening slowdown could significantly reduce domestic commerce in China, including through the Internet generally and within our ecosystem. An economic downturn, whether actual or perceived, a further decrease in economic growth rates or an otherwise uncertain economic outlook in China or any other market in which we may operate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our results of operations fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter which may make it difficult to predict our future performance.

       Our results of operations fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter. In addition, our business is characterized by seasonal fluctuations, which may cause further fluctuations. The fourth quarter of each calendar year generally contributes the largest portion of our annual revenues due to a number of factors, such as sellers allocating a significant portion of their online marketing budgets to the fourth calendar quarter, promotions, such as Singles Day on November 11 of each year and the impact of seasonal buying patterns in respect of certain categories such as apparel. The first quarter of each calendar year generally contributes the smallest portion of our annual revenues, primarily due to a lower level of allocation of online marketing budgets by sellers at the beginning of the calendar year and the Chinese New Year holiday, during which time consumers generally spend less and businesses in China are generally closed. We may also introduce new promotions or change the timing of our promotions in ways that further cause our quarterly results to fluctuate and differ from historical patterns. In addition, seasonal weather patterns may affect the timing of buying decisions. For example, unexpectedly long periods of warm weather could delay the purchase of heavier clothing items that have higher average selling prices, resulting in lower than expected GMV. The performance of our equity investees and of businesses, including internally developed businesses, in which we have made investments may also result in fluctuations in our results of operations. Fluctuations in our results of operations related to our investments may also result from the accounting implication of re-measurement of fair values of certain financial instruments, share-based awards, previously held equity interests upon disposal or step acquisitions. Given that the fair value movements of the underlying equities of financial instruments, share-based awards or previously held equity interests are beyond the control of our management, the magnitude of the related accounting impact is unpredictable and may affect our results of operations significantly. Our results of operations will likely fluctuate due to these and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. In addition, our rapid growth has masked the seasonality that might otherwise be apparent

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in our results of operations. If our growth slows, we expect that the seasonality in our business may become more pronounced. Moreover, as our business grows, we expect that our fixed costs and expenses, such as payroll and benefits, bandwidth and co-location fees, will continue to increase, which will result in operating leverage in seasonally strong quarters but can significantly pressure operating margins in seasonally weak quarters.

       Our quarterly and annual financial results will likely differ from our historical performance. To the extent our results of operations are below the expectations of public market analysts and investors in the future, or if there are significant fluctuations in our financial results, the market price of our ADSs could decline materially.

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights.

       We rely on a combination of trademark, fair trade practice, patent, copyright and trade secret protection laws in China and other jurisdictions, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions, to protect our intellectual property rights. We also enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees and any third parties who may access our proprietary information, and we rigorously control access to our proprietary technology and information.

       Intellectual property protection may not be sufficient in China or other countries in which we operate. Confidentiality agreements may be breached by counterparties, and there may not be adequate remedies available to us for any such breach. Accordingly, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights or to enforce our contractual rights in China or elsewhere. In addition, policing any unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult, time-consuming and costly and the steps we have taken may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property. In the event that we resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, such litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managerial and financial resources. We can provide no assurance that we will prevail in such litigation. In addition, our trade secrets may be leaked or otherwise become available to, or be independently discovered by, our competitors. Any failure in protecting or enforcing our intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be subject to claims under consumer protection laws, including health and safety claims and product liability claims, if property or people are harmed by the products sold on our marketplaces.

       Due to several high-profile incidents involving food safety and consumer complaints that have occurred in China in recent years, the PRC government, media outlets and public advocacy groups are increasingly focused on consumer protection. Moreover, as part of our growth strategy, we expect to increase our focus on food and beverage and healthcare products, which could expose us to increasing liability associated with consumer protection laws in those areas. Operators of commerce marketplaces and platforms are subject to certain provisions of consumer protection laws even where such operator is not the seller of the product or service purchased by the consumer. For example, under applicable consumer protection laws in China, e-commerce platform operators may be held liable for consumer claims relating to damage if they are unable to provide consumers with the true name, address and contact details of sellers or service providers. In addition, if we do not take appropriate remedial action against sellers or service providers for actions they engage in that we know, or should have known, would infringe upon the rights and interests of consumers, we may be held jointly liable with the seller or service provider for such infringement. Moreover, applicable consumer protection laws in China hold that trading platforms will be held liable for failing to meet any undertakings such platforms make to consumers with regard to products listed on their websites. Furthermore, we are required to report to SAIC or its local branches any violation of applicable laws, regulations or SAIC rules by sellers or service providers, such as sales of goods without proper license or authorization, and to take appropriate remedial measures, including ceasing to provide services to such sellers or service providers. If claims are brought against us under any of these laws, we could be subject to damages and reputational damage as well as action by regulators, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We do not maintain product liability insurance for products and services transacted on our marketplaces, and our rights of indemnity from the sellers on our marketplaces may not

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adequately cover us for any liability we may incur. Even unsuccessful claims could result in the expenditure of funds and management time and resources and could materially reduce our net income and profitability.

Tightening of tax compliance efforts with respect to the revenue or profit generated by our sellers could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

       E-commerce in China is still developing, and the PRC government may require operators of marketplaces, such as our company, to assist in the collection of taxes with respect to the revenue or profit generated by sellers from transactions conducted on their platforms. A significant number of small businesses and sole proprietors operating businesses through storefronts on Taobao Marketplace may not have completed the required tax registration. PRC tax authorities may enforce registration requirements that target small businesses or sole proprietors on Taobao Marketplace and may request our assistance in these efforts. As a result, these sellers may be subject to more stringent tax compliance requirements and liabilities and their business on our marketplaces could suffer or they could decide to remove their storefronts from our marketplace rather than comply, which could in turn negatively affect us. We may also be requested by tax authorities to supply information on our sellers, such as transaction records and bank account information, and assist in the enforcement of tax regulations, including the payment and withholding obligations against our sellers, in which case, potential sellers might not be willing to open storefronts on our marketplaces.

       Potential heightened enforcement against participants in e-commerce transactions (including imposition of reporting or withholding obligations on operators of marketplaces with respect to business tax or value-added tax of sellers) could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be subject to material litigation and regulatory proceedings.

       We have been involved in litigation relating principally to third-party intellectual property infringement claims, contract disputes involving sellers and buyers on our platform, employment related cases and other matters in the ordinary course of our business. As our ecosystem expands, and as litigation becomes more common in China, we may face an increasing number of such claims, including those involving higher amounts of damages.

       As a publicly-listed company, we may face additional exposure to claims and lawsuits inside and outside China. We will need to defend against such lawsuits, including any appeals of such lawsuits should our initial defense be successful. The litigation process may utilize a material portion of our cash resources and divert management's attention from the day-to-day operations of our company, all of which could harm our business. There can be no assurance that we will prevail in any such cases and any adverse outcome of these cases could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In particular, we have been named as a defendant in certain purported shareholder class action lawsuits described in "Item 8. Financial Information — A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information — Legal and Administrative Proceedings." We are currently unable to estimate the possible loss or possible range of loss, if any, associated with the resolution of these lawsuits. An unfavorable outcome from the lawsuits, including any plaintiff's appeal of the judgment in these lawsuits, could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in the future. In addition, although we obtained directors and officers liability insurance, the insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover our indemnification obligations.

       In addition, on January 30, 2015, the SEC initiated a non-public inquiry into whether any violations of the federal securities laws have occurred. Please see "Item 8. Financial Information — A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information — Legal and Administrative Proceedings — Regulatory Inquiry." As part of its inquiry, the SEC requested that we voluntarily provide certain information. We have agreed to voluntarily cooperate with the SEC and have been cooperating with the SEC. We intend to continue to cooperate fully with the SEC's inquiry and to provide the SEC with the requested information. However, the inquiry has resulted and could continue to result in considerable legal expenses, the diversion of a significant amount of management's attention from other business concerns and could harm our business. There can be no assurance that the SEC will not recommend action against us, or our directors or officers, which could include penalties, fines, injunctive relief,

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a cease and desist order, limitations on the service of directors or officers, and other sanctions. We can provide no assurances as to the outcome of the SEC's inquiry.

       The existence of litigation, claims, investigations and proceedings may harm our reputation and adversely affect the trading price of our ADSs. The outcome of any claims, investigations and proceedings is inherently uncertain, and in any event defending against these claims could be both costly and time-consuming, and could significantly divert the efforts and resources of our management and other personnel. An adverse determination in any such litigation or proceedings could cause us to pay damages as well as legal and other costs, limit our ability to conduct business or require us to change the manner in which we operate.

We may suffer reputational harm and the price of our ADSs may decrease significantly due to business dealings or connections of sellers or buyers on our marketplaces with sanctioned countries.

       Cuba, Iran, Syria and Sudan are identified by the U.S. State Department as state sponsors of terrorism and are the target of comprehensive U.S. economic sanctions. We do not have physical staff or operations in these sanctioned countries, and although our websites are open and available worldwide, we do not actively solicit business from users in these sanctioned countries. As a non-U.S. entity, we are not generally required to comply with U.S. sanctions to the same extent as U.S. entities, with certain exceptions principally relating to our U.S. subsidiaries, any of our employees who are U.S. persons or dealings involving U.S.-origin goods or services. In the case of Alibaba.com, our aggregate revenue from members in these sanctioned countries in fiscal year 2015 accounted for less than 0.02% of our international wholesale commerce cash revenue. In the case of AliExpress and Taobao Marketplace, an insignificant number of orders have been placed by buyers from the sanctioned countries, with an aggregate GMV settled of approximately US$3.4 million in the twelve months ended March 31, 2015. As all transaction fees on AliExpress and Taobao Marketplace are paid by sellers, primarily based in China, we do not earn any fees or commissions from buyers in sanctioned countries in respect of transactions conducted on these platforms.

       Certain U.S.-based institutional investors, including state and municipal governments and universities, have proposed or adopted divestment or similar initiatives regarding investments in companies that do business with sanctioned countries. Accordingly, as a result of activities on our marketplaces involving users based in the sanctioned countries, certain investors may not wish to invest, and may divest their investment, in us. Such divestment initiatives may negatively impact our reputation and investor sentiment with respect to our ADSs may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, as our business continues to expand, our business partners, joint venture partners or other parties that have collaborative relationship with us or our affiliates may engage in activities in or with sanctioned countries, which may also result in negative publicity and reputational harm against us. Any negative investor sentiment as a result of such reputational issues may cause the price of our ADSs to decline significantly and may materially reduce the value of our investment in our ADSs.

We may be subject to liability for content on our websites and mobile interfaces that is alleged to be socially destabilizing, obscene, defamatory, libelous or otherwise unlawful.

       Under PRC law and the laws of certain other jurisdictions in which we operate, we are required to monitor our websites and the websites hosted on our servers and mobile interfaces for items or content deemed to be socially destabilizing, obscene, superstitious or defamatory, as well as items, content or services that are illegal to sell online or otherwise in other jurisdictions in which we operate our marketplaces, and promptly take appropriate action with respect to such items, content or services. We may also be subject to potential liability for any unlawful actions of our customers or users of our websites or mobile interfaces or for content we distribute that is deemed inappropriate. It may be difficult to determine the type of content that may result in liability to us, and if we are found to be liable, we may be subject to fines, have our relevant business operation licenses revoked, or be prevented from operating our websites or mobile interfaces in China or other jurisdictions.

       In addition, claims may be brought against us for defamation, libel, negligence, copyright, patent or trademark infringement, tort (including personal injury), other unlawful activity or other theories and claims based on the

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nature and content of information posted on our marketplaces, including product reviews and message boards, by our buyers, sellers and other marketplace participants.

       Regardless of the outcome of such a dispute or lawsuit, we may suffer from negative publicity and reputational damage as a result of these actions.

Failure to comply with the terms of our indebtedness could result in acceleration of indebtedness, which could have an adverse effect on our cash flow and liquidity.

       We have issued an aggregate of US$8.0 billion unsecured senior notes. We have also entered into a US$3.0 billion revolving credit facility, which we have not yet drawn. Under the terms of our unsecured senior notes and credit facility and under any debt financing arrangement that we may enter into in the future, we are, and may be in the future, subject to covenants that could, among other things, restrict our business and operations. If we breach any of these covenants, our lenders and holders of our unsecured senior notes will be entitled to accelerate our debt obligations. Any default under our credit facility or unsecured senior notes could require that we repay these debts prior to maturity as well as limit our ability to obtain additional financing, which in turn may have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and liquidity.

We may need additional capital but may not be able to obtain it on favorable terms or at all.

       We may require additional cash resources due to future growth and development of our business, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our cash resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to issue additional equity or debt securities or obtain new or expanded credit facilities. Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including our future financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, trading price of our ADSs, liquidity of international capital and lending markets and PRC governmental regulations over foreign investment and the Internet industry in the PRC. In addition, incurring indebtedness would subject us to increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. There can be no assurance that financing will be available in a timely manner or in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Any failure to raise needed funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could severely restrict our liquidity as well as have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, any issuance of equity or equity-linked securities could result in significant dilution our existing shareholders.

We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with our indebtedness.

       We are exposed to interest rate risk related to our indebtedness. The interest rates under our credit facility and one tranche of our unsecured senior notes with an aggregate principal amount of US$300 million are based on a spread over LIBOR. As a result, the interest expenses associated with such indebtedness will be subject to the potential impact of any fluctuation in LIBOR. Any increase in LIBOR could impact our financing costs if not effectively hedged. Although from time to time, we use hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to interest rate risk, these hedges may not be effective.

We may not have sufficient insurance coverage to cover our business risks.

       We have obtained insurance to cover certain potential risks and liabilities, such as property damage. However, insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products. As a result, we may not be able to acquire any insurance for certain types of risks such as business liability or service disruption insurance for our operations in China, and our coverage may not be adequate to compensate for all losses that may occur, particularly with respect to loss of business or operations. We do not maintain business interruption insurance or product liability insurance, nor do we maintain key-man life insurance. This could leave us exposed to potential claims and losses. Any business disruption, litigation, regulatory action, outbreak of epidemic disease or natural disaster could also expose us to substantial costs and diversion of resources. We cannot assure you that our insurance coverage is sufficient to prevent us from any loss or that we will be able to successfully claim our losses under our current

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insurance policy on a timely basis, or at all. If we incur any loss that is not covered by our insurance policies, or the compensated amount is significantly less than our actual loss, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

An occurrence of a natural disaster, widespread health epidemic or other outbreaks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

       Our business could be materially and adversely affected by natural disasters, such as snowstorms, earthquakes, fires or floods, the outbreak of a widespread health epidemic, such as swine flu, avian influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, Ebola or other events, such as wars, acts of terrorism, environmental accidents, power shortage or communication interruptions. The occurrence of such a disaster or a prolonged outbreak of an epidemic illness or other adverse public health developments in China or elsewhere in the world could materially disrupt our business and operations. Such events could also significantly impact our industry and cause a temporary closure of the facilities we use for our operations, which would severely disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our operations could be disrupted if any of our employees or employees of our business partners were suspected of having the swine flu, avian influenza, SARS Ebola, or other epidemical diseases, since this could require us or our business partners to quarantine some or all of such employees or disinfect the facilities used for our operations. In addition, our revenue and profitability could be materially reduced to the extent that a natural disaster, health epidemic or other outbreak harms the global or PRC economy in general. Our operations could also be severely disrupted if our buyers, sellers or other participants were affected by such natural disasters, health epidemics or other outbreaks.

Risks Related to our Corporate Structure

The Alibaba Partnership and related voting agreements limit the ability of our shareholders to nominate and elect directors.

       Our articles of association allow the Alibaba Partnership to nominate or appoint a simple majority of our board of directors. If at any time our board of directors consists of less than a simple majority of directors nominated or appointed by the Alibaba Partnership for any reason, including because a director previously nominated by the Alibaba Partnership ceases to be a member of our board of directors or because the Alibaba Partnership had previously not exercised its right to nominate or appoint a simple majority of our board of directors, the Alibaba Partnership will be entitled (in its sole discretion) to nominate or appoint such number of additional directors to the board as necessary to ensure that the directors nominated or appointed by the Alibaba Partnership comprise a simple majority of our board of directors.

       In addition, we have entered into a voting agreement pursuant to which SoftBank, Yahoo, Jack Ma and Joe Tsai have agreed to vote their shares in favor of the Alibaba Partnership director nominees at each annual general shareholders meeting for so long as SoftBank owns at least 15% of our outstanding ordinary shares. Furthermore, the voting agreement provides that SoftBank has the right to nominate one director to our board until SoftBank owns less than 15% of our outstanding ordinary shares, and that right is also reflected in our articles of association. In addition, pursuant to the voting agreement, Yahoo, Jack Ma and Joe Tsai have agreed to vote their shares (including shares for which they have voting power) in favor of the election of the SoftBank director nominee at each annual general shareholders meeting in which the SoftBank nominee stands for election. Moreover, subject to certain exceptions, pursuant to the voting agreement SoftBank and Yahoo have agreed to give Jack and Joe a proxy over, with respect to SoftBank, any portion of its shareholdings exceeding 30% of our outstanding shares and, with respect to Yahoo, all of its shareholdings up to a maximum of 121.5 million of our ordinary shares. These proxies will remain in effect until Jack Ma owns less than 1% of our ordinary shares on a fully diluted basis or we materially breach the voting agreement.

       This governance structure and contractual arrangement limit the ability of our shareholders to influence corporate matters, including any matters determined at the board level. In addition, the nomination right granted to the Alibaba Partnership will remain in place for the life of the Alibaba Partnership unless our articles of

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association are amended to provide otherwise by a vote of shareholders representing at least 95% of shares that vote at a shareholders meeting. The nomination rights of the Alibaba Partnership will remain in place notwithstanding a change of control or merger of our company and, for so long as SoftBank and Yahoo remain substantial shareholders, we expect the Alibaba Partnership nominees will receive a majority of votes cast at any meeting for the election of directors and will be elected as directors. These provisions and agreements could have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control, and could limit the opportunity of our shareholders to receive a premium for their ADSs, and could also materially decrease the price that some investors are willing to pay for our ADSs. As of the date of this annual report, the parties to the voting agreement and the partners of the Alibaba Partnership held in aggregate more than 50% of our outstanding ordinary shares (including unvested shares and shares underlying vested and unvested awards). See "Item 6. Directors and Senior Management — A. Directors and Senior Management — Alibaba Partnership."

The interests of the Alibaba Partnership may conflict with the interests of our shareholders.

       The nomination and appointment rights of the Alibaba Partnership limits the ability of our shareholders to influence corporate matters, including any matters to be determined by our board of directors. The interests of the Alibaba Partnership may not coincide with the interests of our shareholders, and the Alibaba Partnership or its director nominees may make decisions with which they disagree, including decisions on important topics such as compensation, management succession, acquisition strategy and our business and financial strategy. For example, because the Alibaba Partnership will continue to be largely comprised of members of our management team, the Alibaba Partnership and its director nominees, consistent with our operating philosophy, may focus on the long-term interests of our ecosystem participants at the expense of our short-term financial results, which may differ from the expectations and desires of shareholders unaffiliated with the Alibaba Partnership. To the extent that the interests of the Alibaba Partnership differ from the interests of any of our shareholders, such shareholder may be disadvantaged by any action that the Alibaba Partnership may seek to pursue.

Our articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could adversely affect the rights of holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs.

       Our articles of association contain certain provisions that could limit the ability of third parties to acquire control of our company, including:

    •
    a provision that grants authority to our board of directors to establish from time to time one or more series of preferred shares without action by our shareholders and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series;

    •
    a provision that grants the Alibaba Partnership the right to nominate a simple majority of our board of directors notwithstanding a change of control or merger of our company; and

    •
    a classified board with staggered terms that will prevent the replacement of a majority of directors at one time.

       These provisions could have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control, and could limit the opportunity for our shareholders to receive a premium for their ADSs, and could also materially decrease the price that some investors are willing to pay for our ADSs.

SoftBank owns more than 30% of our outstanding ordinary shares and its interests may differ from those of our other shareholders.

       As of March 31, 2015, SoftBank owned approximately 32% of our outstanding ordinary shares. Subject to certain exceptions, SoftBank has agreed to grant the voting power of any portion of its shareholding exceeding 30% of our outstanding ordinary shares to Jack Ma and Joe Tsai by proxy. Under the terms of the voting agreement we entered into with SoftBank, SoftBank also has the right to nominate one member of our board of directors, and Yahoo, Jack and Joe have agreed to vote their shares (including shares for which they have voting

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power) in favor of the SoftBank director nominees at each annual general shareholders meeting in which the SoftBank nominee stands for election until such time as SoftBank holds less than 15% of our outstanding ordinary shares. SoftBank's director nomination right is also reflected in our articles of association. Except with regard to shareholder votes relating to the Alibaba Partnership director nominees, SoftBank will have significant influence over the outcome of matters that require shareholder votes and accordingly over our business and corporate matters. SoftBank may exercise its shareholder rights in a way that it believes is in its own best interest, which may conflict with the interest of our other shareholders. These actions may be taken even if SoftBank is opposed by our other shareholders.

       For more information, see "Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — B. Related Party Transaction — Transactions and Agreements with SoftBank and Yahoo — Voting Agreement."

If the PRC government deems that the contractual arrangements in relation to our variable interest entities do not comply with PRC governmental restrictions on foreign investment, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations changes in the future, we could be subject to penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.

       Foreign ownership of certain types of Internet businesses, such as Internet information services, is subject to restrictions under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations. For example, foreign investors are generally not permitted to own more than 50% of the equity interests in a value-added telecommunication service provider. Any such foreign investor must also have experience and a good track record in providing value-added telecommunications services overseas.

       While the significant majority of our revenue was generated by our wholly-foreign owned enterprises in fiscal year 2014, we provide Internet information services in China, which are critical to our business, through a number of PRC incorporated variable interest entities. The variable interest entities are owned by PRC citizens who are our founders or senior employees or by PRC entities owned by such PRC citizens, or the variable interest entity equity holders, with whom we have contractual arrangements, or the contractual arrangements. The contractual arrangements give us effective control over each of the variable interest entities and enable us to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits arising from the variable interest entities as well as consolidate the financial results of the variable interest entities in our results of operations. Although the structure we have adopted is consistent with longstanding industry practice, and is commonly adopted by comparable companies in China, the PRC government may not agree that these arrangements comply with PRC licensing, registration or other regulatory requirements, with existing policies or with requirements or policies that may be adopted in the future.

       In the opinion of Fangda Partners, our PRC counsel, the ownership structures of our material wholly-foreign owned enterprises and our material variable interest entities in China do not and will not violate any applicable PRC law, regulation or rule currently in effect; and the contractual arrangements between our material wholly-foreign owned enterprises, our material variable interest entities and their respective equity holders governed by PRC law are valid, binding and enforceable in accordance with their terms and applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect and will not violate any applicable PRC law, rule or regulation currently in effect. However, Fangda Partners has also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current PRC laws, rules and regulations. Accordingly, the PRC regulatory authorities and PRC courts may in the future take a view that is contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel.

       It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws, rules or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. Please also see "— Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation of draft PRC Foreign Investment Law."

       If we or any of our variable interest entities are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws, rules or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures, including revoking the business and operating licenses of our PRC subsidiaries or the variable interest entities,

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requiring us to discontinue or restrict our operations, restricting our right to collect revenue, blocking one or more of our websites, requiring us to restructure our operations or taking other regulatory or enforcement actions against us. The imposition of any of these measures could result in a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct all or any portion of our business operations. In addition, it is unclear what impact the PRC government actions would have on us and on our ability to consolidate the financial results of any of our variable interest entities in our consolidated financial statements, if the PRC government authorities were to find our legal structure and contractual arrangements to be in violation of PRC laws, rules and regulations. If the imposition of any of these government actions causes us to lose our right to direct the activities of any of our material variable interest entities or otherwise separate from any of these entities and if we are not able to restructure our ownership structure and operations in a satisfactory manner, we would no longer be able to consolidate the financial results of our variable interest entities in our consolidated financial statements. Any of these events would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation of draft PRC Foreign Investment Law.

       The Ministry of Commerce, or the MOFCOM, published a discussion draft of the proposed Foreign Investment Law in January 2015 aiming to, upon its enactment, replace the major existing laws and regulations governing foreign investment in China While the MOFCOM solicited comments on this draft earlier this year, substantial uncertainties exist with respect to its enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation. The draft Foreign Investment Law, if enacted as proposed, may materially impact the entire legal framework regulating foreign investments in China.

       Among other things, the draft Foreign Investment Law purports to introduce the principle of "actual control" in determining whether a company is considered a foreign invested enterprise, or an FIE. The draft Foreign Investment Law specifically provides that entities established in China but "controlled" by foreign investors will be treated as FIEs, whereas an entity organized in a foreign jurisdiction, but cleared by the MOFCOM as "controlled" by PRC entities and/or citizens, would nonetheless be treated as a PRC domestic entity for investment in the "restriction category" on the "negative list." In this connection, "control" is broadly defined in the draft law to cover any of the following summarized categories:

    •
    holding 50% or more of the voting rights or similar equity interest of the subject entity;

    •
    holding less than 50% of the voting rights or similar equity interest of the subject entity but having the power to directly or indirectly appoint or otherwise secure at least 50% of the seats on the board or other equivalent decision making bodies, or having the voting power to materially influence the board, the shareholders' meeting or other equivalent decision making bodies; or

    •
    having the power to exert decisive influence, via contractual or trust arrangements, over the subject entity's operations, financial, staffing and technology matters.

       Once an entity is determined to be an FIE, and its investment amount exceeds certain thresholds or its business operation falls within a "negative list" purported to be separately issued by the State Council in the future, market entry clearance by the MOFCOM or its local counterparts would be required.

       The "variable interest entity" structure, or VIE structure, has been adopted by many PRC-based companies, including us and certain of our equity investees such as Weibo and Youku Tudou, to obtain necessary licenses and permits in the industries that are currently subject to foreign investment restrictions in China. Under the draft Foreign Investment Law, variable interest entities that are controlled via contractual arrangements would also be deemed as FIEs, if they are ultimately "controlled" by foreign investors. For any companies with a VIE structure in an industry category that is in the "restriction category" on the "negative list," the existing VIE structure may be deemed legitimate only if the ultimate controlling person(s) is/are of PRC nationality (either PRC state owned enterprises or agencies, or PRC citizens). Conversely, if the actual controlling person(s) is/are of foreign

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nationalities, then the variable interest entities will be treated as FIEs and any operation in the industry category on the "negative list" without market entry clearance may be considered as illegal.

       Based on the definition of "control" in the draft Foreign Investment Law as currently proposed, we believe that there are strong basis for a determination that we and our variable interest entities are ultimately controlled by PRC citizens for the following reasons:

    •
    Alibaba Partnership has an exclusive right to nominate and appoint up to a simple majority of the members of our board of directors and therefore effectively controls the board and all management decisions of our company;

    •
    nearly all of the partners of Alibaba Partnership are PRC citizens; and

    •
    Alibaba Partnership exercises its nomination rights by a majority of votes of all its partners.

See "Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees — A. Directors and Senior Management — Alibaba Partnership."

       However, there are significant uncertainties as to how the control status of our company, our variable interest entities and our equity investees with a VIE structure would be determined under the enacted version of the Foreign Investment Law. In addition, it is uncertain whether any of the businesses that we currently operate or plan to operate in the future through our consolidated entities and the businesses operated by our equity investees with a VIE structure would be on the to-be-issued "negative list" and therefore be subject to any foreign investment restrictions or prohibitions. We also face uncertainties as to whether the enacted version of the Foreign Investment Law and the final "negative list" would mandate further actions, such as MOFCOM market entry clearance, to be completed by companies with existing VIE structure and whether such clearance can be timely obtained, or at all. If we or our equity investees with a VIE structure were not considered as ultimately controlled by PRC domestic investors under the enacted version of the Foreign Investment Law, further actions required to be taken by us or such equity investees under the enacted Foreign Investment Law may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

       In addition, our corporate governance practice may be materially impacted and our compliance costs could increase if we were not considered as ultimately controlled by PRC domestic investors under the enacted version of the Foreign Investment Law. For instance, the draft Foreign Investment Law as proposed purports to impose stringent ad hoc and periodic information reporting requirements on foreign investors and the applicable FIEs. Aside from investment implementation report and investment amendment report that would be required for each investment and alteration of investment specifics, an annual report would be mandatory, and large foreign investors meeting certain criteria would be required to report on a quarterly basis. Any company found to be non-compliant with these information reporting obligations could potentially be subject to fines and/or administrative or criminal liabilities, and the persons directly responsible could be subject to criminal liabilities.

Our contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing control over the variable interest entities as direct ownership.

       We rely on contractual arrangements with our variable interest entities to operate part of our Internet businesses in China and other businesses in which foreign investment is restricted or prohibited. For a description of these contractual arrangements, see "Item 4. Information on the Company  — C. Organizational Structure — Contractual Arrangements among Our Wholly-foreign Owned Enterprises, Variable Interest Entities and the Variable Interest Entity Equity Holders." These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our variable interest entities.

       If we had direct ownership of the variable interest entities, we would be able to exercise our rights as an equity holder directly to effect changes in the boards of directors of those entities, which could effect changes at the management and operational level. Under our contractual arrangements, we may not be able to directly change the members of the boards of directors of these entities and would have to rely on the variable interest entities

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and the variable interest entity equity holders to perform their obligations in order to exercise our control over the variable interest entities. The variable interest entity equity holders may have conflicts of interest with us or our shareholders, and they may not act in the best interests of our company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. For example, our variable interest entities and their respective equity holders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct their operations, including maintaining our websites and using our domain names and trademarks which the relevant variable interest entities have exclusive rights to use, in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests. Pursuant to the call option, we may replace the equity holders of the variable interest entities at any time pursuant to the contractual arrangements. However, if any equity holder is uncooperative and any dispute relating to these contracts or the replacement of the equity holders remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under the contractual arrangements through the operations of PRC law and arbitral or judicial agencies, which may be costly and time-consuming and will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system. See "— Any failure by our variable interest entities or their equity holders to perform their obligations under the contractual arrangements would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations." Consequently, the contractual arrangements may not be as effective in ensuring our control over the relevant portion of our business operations as direct ownership.

Any failure by our variable interest entities or their equity holders to perform their obligations under the contractual arrangements would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

       If our variable interest entities or their equity holders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. Although we have entered into call option agreements in relation to each variable interest entity, which provide that we may exercise an option to acquire, or nominate a person to acquire, ownership of the equity in that entity or, in some cases, its assets, to the extent permitted by applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, the exercise of these call options is subject to the review and approval of the relevant PRC governmental authorities. We have also entered into equity pledge agreements with respect to each variable interest entity to secure certain obligations of such variable interest entity or its equity holders to us under the contractual arrangements. However, the enforcement of such agreements through arbitral or judicial agencies may be costly and time-consuming and will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system. Moreover, our remedies under the equity pledge agreements are primarily intended to help us collect debts owed to us by the variable interest entities or the variable interest entity equity holders under the contractual arrangements and may not help us in acquiring the assets or equity of the variable interest entities.

       In addition, although the terms of the contractual arrangements provide that they will be binding on the successors of the variable interest entity equity holders, as those successors are not a party to the agreements, it is uncertain whether the successors in case of the death, bankruptcy or divorce of a variable interest entity equity holder will be subject to or will be willing to honor the obligations of such variable interest entity equity holder under the contractual arrangements. If the relevant variable interest entity or its equity holder (or its successor), as applicable, fails to transfer the shares of the variable interest entity according to the respective call option agreement or equity pledge agreement, we would need to enforce our rights under the call option agreement or equity pledge agreement, which may be costly and time-consuming and may not be successful.

       The contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration or court proceedings in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. Moreover, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a variable interest entity should be interpreted or enforced under PRC law, and as a result it may be difficult to predict how an arbitration panel or court would view such contractual arrangements. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce the contractual arrangements. Under PRC law, if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards or court judgments within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only

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enforce the arbitration awards or court judgments in PRC courts, which would require additional expense and delay. In the event we are unable to enforce the contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over the variable interest entities, and our ability to conduct our business, as well as our financial condition and results of operations, may be materially and adversely affected.

We may lose the ability to use, or otherwise benefit from, the licenses, approvals and assets held by our variable interest entities, which could severely disrupt our business, render us unable to conduct some or all of our business operations and constrain our growth.

       Although the significant majority of our revenues are generated, and the significant majority of our operational assets are held, by our wholly-foreign owned enterprises, which are our subsidiaries, our variable interest entities hold licenses and approvals and assets that are necessary for our business operations, as well as equity interests in a series of our portfolio companies, to which foreign investments are typically restricted or prohibited under applicable PRC law. The contractual arrangements contain terms that specifically obligate variable interest entity equity holders to ensure the valid existence of the variable interest entities and restrict the disposal of material assets of the variable interest entities. However, in the event the variable interest entity equity holders breach the terms of these contractual arrangements and voluntarily liquidate our variable interest entities, or any of our variable interest entities declares bankruptcy and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, or are otherwise disposed of without our consent, we may be unable to conduct some or all of our business operations or otherwise benefit from the assets held by the variable interest entities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, if any of our variable interest entities undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, its equity holders or unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of the assets of such variable interest entity, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business as well as constrain our growth.

The equity holders, directors and executive officers of the variable interest entities, as well as our employees who execute other strategic initiatives may have potential conflicts of interest with our company.

       PRC laws provide that a director and an executive officer owes a fiduciary duty to the company he or she directs or manages. The directors and executive officers of the variable interest entities, including Jack Ma, our lead founder and executive chairman, must act in good faith and in the best interests of the variable interest entities and must not use their respective positions for personal gain. On the other hand, as a director of our company, Jack has a duty of care and loyalty to our company and to our shareholders as a whole under Cayman Islands law. We control our variable interest entities through contractual arrangements and the business and operations of our variable interest entities are closely integrated with the business and operations of our subsidiaries. Nonetheless, conflicts of interests for these individuals may arise due to dual roles both as directors and executive officers of the variable interest entities and as directors or employees of our company, and may also arise due to dual roles both as variable interest entity equity holders and as directors or employees of our company.

       We cannot assure you that these individuals will always act in the best interests of our company should any conflicts of interest arise, or that any conflicts of interest will always be resolved in our favor. We also cannot assure you that these individuals will ensure that the variable interest entities will not breach the existing contractual arrangements. If we cannot resolve any such conflicts of interest or any related disputes, we would have to rely on legal proceedings to resolve these disputes and/or take enforcement action under the contractual arrangements. There is substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings. See "— Any failure by our variable interest entities or their equity holders to perform their obligations under the contractual arrangements would have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations."

       In April 2015, Simon Xie, who is one of our founders and an equity holder in certain of our variable interest entities, was granted a financing with an aggregate principal of up to RMB6.9 billion by a major financial institution in the PRC, which was used to fund a minority investment in Wasu via a PRC limited partnership. A

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company controlled by Jack Ma serves as one of the general partners of this PRC limited partnership. Yuzhu Shi, the founder, chairman and a principal shareholder of Giant Interactive, a China-based online game company that was previously listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and an entrepreneur with significant experience in and knowledge of the media industry in China, serves as the other general partner. Jack, through his control of one of the general partners, and Mr. Shi, as the other general partner and the executive partner, jointly control this PRC limited partnership. The interest of the general partner controlled by Jack in the limited partnership is limited to a return of its RMB10,000 capital contribution. The financing is secured by a pledge of the Wasu shares acquired by the PRC limited partnership, and a pledge of certain wealth management products we purchased. In addition, we entered into a loan agreement for a principal amount of up to RMB2.0 billion with Simon Xie in April 2015 to finance the repayment by Simon of the interest under the above financing. We expect that these arrangements will facilitate our entering into and strengthen strategic business arrangements with Wasu to pursue our strategy of expanding entertainment offerings to our customers. See "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Recent Investment, Acquisition and Strategic Alliance Activities — Entertainment — Wasu" and "Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — B. Related Party Transactions — Loan Arrangement with a Related Party."

       We cannot assure you that Jack Ma or Simon Xie will act in our interest given Jack's ability to control one of the general partners of the PRC limited partnership and Simon's economic interests as a limited partner of the PRC limited partnership that invested in Wasu, respectively, nor can we assure you that they will not breach their respective obligations to us as our director and executive officer, in the case of Jack, or as our employee, in the case of Simon, including their respective obligations not to compete with us pursuant to the terms of their employment agreements. In addition, the interests of Mr. Shi, as an independent third party, may not coincide with those of Jack as the other general partner in the PRC limited partnership that made the investment, or with our interests in pursuing our entertainment strategy. If any such conflicts arise between Jack and Mr. Shi in conducting the business of the PRC limited partnership, it could potentially have a material adverse effect on our relationship with the shareholder of Wasu and, consequently, on our ability to achieve the strategic objectives of our alliance with Wasu. Furthermore, there is no assurance that Simon will have sufficient resources to repay the loans in a timely manner or at all. The loan that we provided to Simon is secured by a pledge of Simon's limited partnership interest in the PRC limited partnership. However, if Simon fails to repay the loan, our enforcement of such secured interests could be costly and time-consuming and would be subject to the uncertainties in the PRC legal system.

The contractual arrangements with our variable interest entities may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities. Any adjustment of related party transaction pricing could lead to additional taxes, and therefore substantially reduce our consolidated net income and the value of your investment.

       The tax regime in China is rapidly evolving and there is significant uncertainty for taxpayers in China as PRC tax laws may be interpreted in significantly different ways. The PRC tax authorities may assert that we or our subsidiaries or the variable interest entities or their equity holders are required to pay additional taxes on previous or future revenue or income. In particular, under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties, such as the contractual arrangements with our variable interest entities, may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. If the PRC tax authorities determine that any contractual arrangements were not entered into on an arm's length basis and therefore constitute a favorable transfer pricing, the PRC tax liabilities of the relevant subsidiaries and/or variable interest entities and/or variable interest entity equity holders could be increased, which could increase our overall tax liabilities. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment interest. Our net income may be materially reduced if our tax liabilities increase.

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Risks Related to Doing Business in the People's Republic of China

Changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and may result in our inability to sustain our growth and expansion strategies.

       Most of our operations are conducted in the PRC and substantially all of our revenue is sourced from the PRC. Accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations are affected to a significant extent by economic, political and legal developments in the PRC.

       The PRC economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the extent of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the PRC government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The PRC government also exercises significant control over China's economic growth by allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, regulating financial services and institutions and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.

       While the PRC economy has experienced significant growth in the past three decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operation could be materially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, the PRC government has implemented in the past certain measures, including interest rate increases, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity, which in turn could lead to a reduction in demand for our services and consequently have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition and results of operations.

There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.

       Most of our operations are conducted in the PRC, and are governed by PRC laws, rules and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are subject to laws, rules and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China. The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.

       In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws, rules and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past three decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investment in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws, rules and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China or may be subject to significant degree of interpretation by PRC regulatory agencies and courts. In particular, because these laws, rules and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited number of published decisions and the non-precedential nature of such decisions, and because the laws, rules and regulations often give the relevant regulator significant discretion in how to enforce them, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws, rules and regulations involve uncertainties and can be inconsistent and unpredictable. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all, and which may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until after the occurrence of the violation.

       Any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more

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developed legal systems. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts we have entered into and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

PRC regulations regarding acquisitions impose significant regulatory approval and review requirements, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions.

       Under the PRC Anti-Monopoly Law, companies undertaking acquisitions relating to businesses in China must notify MOFCOM, in advance of any transaction where the parties' revenues in the China market exceed certain thresholds and the buyer would obtain control of, or decisive influence over, the target. In addition, on August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration of Taxation, the SAIC, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, jointly adopted the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, which came into effect on September 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. Under the M&A Rules, the approval of MOFCOM must be obtained in circumstances where overseas companies established or controlled by PRC enterprises or residents acquire domestic companies affiliated with such PRC enterprises or residents. Applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations also require certain merger and acquisition transactions to be subject to security review. Due to the level of our revenues, our proposed acquisition of control of, or decisive influence over, any company with revenues within China of more than RMB400 million in the year prior to any proposed acquisition would be subject to MOFCOM merger control review. As a result of our size, many of the transactions we may undertake could be subject to MOFCOM merger review. Complying with the requirements of the relevant regulations to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including approval from MOFCOM, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share. In addition, MOFCOM has not accepted antitrust filings for any transaction involving parties that adopt a variable interest entity structure. If MOFCOM's practice remains unchanged, our ability to carry out our investment and acquisition strategy may be materially and adversely affected and there may be significant uncertainty as to whether transactions that we may undertake would subject us to fines or other administrative penalties and negative publicity and whether we will be able to complete large acquisitions in the future in a timely manner or at all.

PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC-resident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries or limit our PRC subsidiaries' ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.

       SAFE, promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents' Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as "SAFE Circular 75" promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of SAFE in connection with their direct establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents' legally owned assets or equity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a "special purpose vehicle." SAFE Circular 37 further requires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capital contributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in a special purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profit distributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent cross-border foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted in its ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls.

       We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRC residents of their filing obligation, and we have periodically filed SAFE Circular 75 reports prior to the promulgation of SAFE

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Circular 37 on behalf of certain employee shareholders who we know are PRC residents. However, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not have control over our beneficial owners and cannot assure you that all of our PRC-resident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their SAFE registrations in a timely manner pursuant to SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions. On February 28, 2015, SAFE promulgated a Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Foreign Exchange Administration Policy on Direct Investment, or SAFE Notice 13, which became effective on June 1, 2015. Pursuant to SAFE Notice 13, entities and individuals are required to apply for foreign exchange registration of foreign direct investment and overseas direct investment, including those required under the SAFE Circular 37, with qualified banks, instead of SAFE. The qualified banks, under the supervision of SAFE, will directly review the applications and conduct the registration.

       Furthermore, since it is unclear how those new SAFE regulations, and any future regulation concerning offshore or cross-border transactions, will be interpreted, amended and implemented by the relevant PRC government authorities, we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or future strategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRC subsidiaries' ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding our employee equity incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.

       Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas non-publicly-listed companies may submit applications to SAFE or its local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. Our directors, executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or who have resided in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year and who have been granted restricted shares, RSUs or options may follow SAFE Circular 37 to apply for the foreign exchange registration. We and our directors, executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or who have resided in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year and who have been granted restricted shares, RSUs or options are subject to the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, issued by SAFE in February 2012, according to which, employees, directors, supervisors and other management members participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are non-PRC citizens residing in China for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit the ability to make payment under our equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our wholly-foreign owned enterprises in China and limit our wholly-foreign owned enterprises' ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees under PRC law.

       In addition, the State Administration for Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Under these circulars, employees working in the PRC who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRC subsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authorities and to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Although we currently withhold income tax from our PRC employees in connection with their exercise of options and the vesting of their restricted shares and RSUs, if the employees fail to pay, or the PRC subsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the tax authorities.

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We rely to a significant extent on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiaries in China to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.

       We are a holding company and rely to a significant extent on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiaries and on remittances from the variable interest entities, for our offshore cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, fund inter-company loans, service any debt we may incur outside of China and pay our expenses. When our principal operating subsidiaries or the variable interest entities incur additional debt, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions or remittances to us. Furthermore, the laws, rules and regulations applicable to our PRC subsidiaries and certain other subsidiaries permit payments of dividends only out of their retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with applicable accounting standards and regulations.

       Under PRC laws, rules and regulations, each of our subsidiaries incorporated in China is required to set aside a portion of its net income each year to fund certain statutory reserves. These reserves, together with the registered equity, are not distributable as cash dividends. As a result of these laws, rules and regulations, our subsidiaries incorporated in China are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their respective net assets to their shareholders as dividends. In addition, registered share capital and capital reserve accounts are also restricted from withdrawal in the PRC, up to the amount of net assets held in each operating subsidiary. As of March 31, 2015, these restricted assets totaled RMB26,902 million (US$4,340 million).

       Limitations on the ability of the variable interest entities to make remittance to the wholly-foreign owned enterprises to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations of those entities, including to make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends to our shareholders or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

The services conducted by our wholly-foreign owned enterprises might be regarded as a form of online advertising or as part of services requiring an Internet content provider license or other licenses and subjecting us to other laws, rules and regulations as well as increased taxes.

       Our pay-for-performance, or P4P, services and other related services are currently not classified as a form of online advertising in China or as part of services requiring an ICP license or other licenses. We conduct our P4P and other related business through our wholly-foreign owned enterprises in the PRC, which are not qualified to operate an online advertising business and do not hold an ICP license. However, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not classify our P4P and other related services as a form of online advertising or as part of services requiring an ICP license or other licenses in the future. If new regulations characterize our P4P and other related services as a form of online advertising or as part of ICP services requiring an ICP license or other licenses, we may have to conduct our P4P business through the variable interest entities, which are qualified to operate online advertising business and hold ICP or other licenses.

       If we conducted our P4P business through the variable interest entities, we may face increased scrutiny from the tax authorities and may incur additional taxes on any services fees paid by the variable interest entities to the wholly-foreign owned enterprises. In addition, advertising services are subject to a cultural construction fee under PRC law, which is a 3% surcharge in addition to the applicable value-added tax. If our P4P and other related services were to be considered a form of online advertising, our revenue from those services would be subject to the 3% surcharge. If that were to occur, our margins would decline and our net income could be reduced. In addition, the substantial revenue streams attributable to our P4P services would then be collected from variable interest entities and subject to the risks associated with the variable interest entities. If the change in classification of our P4P and other related services were to be retroactively applied, we might be subject to sanctions, including payment of delinquent taxes and late payment interest.

       Moreover, PRC advertising laws, rules and regulations require advertisers, advertising operators and advertising distributors to ensure that the content of the advertisements they prepare or distribute is fair and accurate and is in full compliance with applicable law. Violation of these laws, rules or regulations may result in penalties, including fines, confiscation of advertising fees, orders to cease dissemination of the advertisements and

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orders to publish an advertisement correcting the misleading information. In circumstances involving serious violations, the PRC government may revoke a violator's license for operating an advertising business.

       In addition, for advertising content related to specific types of products and services, advertisers, advertising operators and advertising distributors must confirm that the advertisers have obtained requisite government approvals, including the advertiser's operating qualifications, proof of quality inspection of the advertised products, government pre-approval of the contents of the advertisement and filing with the local authorities. If we become subject to PRC advertising laws, we would need to take steps to monitor, and to ensure that our third-party marketing affiliates monitor, the content of any advertisements displayed on our platforms. This could require considerable resources and time, and could significantly affect the operation of our business, while also subjecting us to increased liability under the relevant laws, rules and regulations. The costs associated with complying with such laws, rules and regulations, including any penalties or fines for our failure to so comply if required, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any change in the classification of our P4P and other related services by the PRC government may also significantly disrupt our operations and materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.

We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income tax on our global income.

       Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementing rules, both of which came into effect on January 1, 2008, enterprises established under the laws of jurisdictions outside of China with "de facto management bodies" located in China may be considered PRC tax resident enterprises for tax purposes and may be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their global income. "De facto management body" refers to a managing body that exercises substantive and overall management and control over the production and business, personnel, accounting books and assets of an enterprise. The State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Offshore-Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or Circular 82, on April 22, 2009. Circular 82 provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the "de facto management body" of a Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise is located in China. Although Circular 82 only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises, not those controlled by foreign enterprises or individuals, the determining criteria set forth in Circular 82 may reflect the State Administration of Taxation's general position on how the "de facto management body" test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of offshore enterprises, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises. Currently, we generate only a small portion of our revenues offshore. However, if this proportion were to increase and if we were to be considered a PRC resident enterprise, we would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on our global income. In such case, our profitability and cash flow may be materially reduced as a result of our global income being taxed under the Enterprise Income Tax Law. We believe that none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term "de facto management body."

Dividends payable to our foreign investors and gains on the sale of our ADSs or ordinary shares by our foreign investors may become subject to PRC taxation.

       Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation regulations issued by the State Council, a 10% PRC withholding tax is applicable to dividends payable by a resident enterprise to investors that are non-resident enterprises, which do not have an establishment or place of business in the PRC or which have such establishment or place of business but the dividends are not effectively connected with such establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends are derived from sources within the PRC. Similarly, any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or ordinary shares by such investors is also subject to PRC tax at a current rate of 10%, subject to any reduction or exemption set forth in relevant tax treaties, if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within the PRC. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid on our ordinary shares or ADSs, and any gain realized by the investors from the transfer of our ordinary shares or ADSs, would be treated as income

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derived from sources within the PRC and would as a result be subject to PRC taxation. See "Item 4. Information on the Company — B. Business Overview  — Regulation — Tax Regulations." Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends payable to individual investors who are non-PRC residents and any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or ordinary shares by such investors may be subject to PRC tax at a current rate of 20%, subject to any reduction or exemption set forth in applicable tax treaties. It is unclear whether if we or any of our subsidiaries established outside China are considered a PRC resident enterprise, holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into between China and other countries or areas and to claim foreign tax credit if applicable. If dividends payable to our non-PRC investors, or gains from the transfer of our ADSs or ordinary shares by such investors are subject to PRC tax, the value of your investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares may decline significantly.

Discontinuation of preferential tax treatments we currently enjoy or other unfavorable changes in tax law could result in additional compliance obligations and costs.

       Operating in the high-technology and software industry, a number of our China operating entities enjoy various types of preferential tax treatment according to the prevailing PRC tax laws. Our PRC subsidiaries may, if they meet the relevant requirements, qualify for three main types of preferential treatment, which are high and new technology enterprises, software enterprises and key software enterprises within the scope of the PRC national plan.

       For a qualified high and new technology enterprise, the applicable enterprise income tax rate is 15%. The high and new technology enterprise qualification is re-assessed by the relevant authorities every three years. Moreover, a qualified software enterprise is entitled to a tax holiday consisting of a two-year tax exemption beginning from the first profit-making calendar year and a 50% tax reduction for the subsequent three calendar years. The software enterprise qualification is subject to an annual assessment. For a qualified key software enterprise within the scope of the PRC national plan, the applicable enterprise income tax rate for a calendar year is 10%. The key software enterprise qualification is subject to an assessment every two years. Our effective tax rate in fiscal year 2015 was 19.8%. The discontinuation of any of the various types of preferential tax treatment we enjoy could materially and adversely affect our results of operations. See "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Taxation — PRC Income Tax."

We and our shareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a PRC establishment of a non-PRC company, or other assets attributable to a PRC establishment of a non-PRC company.

       On February 3, 2015, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax and Indirect Transfers of Assets by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, which replaced or supplemented certain previous rules under the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or Circular 698, issued by the State Administration of Taxation, on December 10, 2009. Pursuant to this Bulletin, an "indirect transfer" of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident enterprises may be recharacterized and treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax.

       According to Bulletin 7, "PRC taxable assets" include assets attributed to an establishment in China, immoveable properties located in China, and equity investments in PRC resident enterprises, in respect of which gains from their transfer by a direct holder, being a non-PRC resident enterprise, would be subject to PRC enterprise income taxes. When determining whether there is a "reasonable commercial purpose" of the transaction arrangement, factors to be taken into consideration include: whether the main value of the equity interest of the relevant offshore enterprise derives from PRC taxable assets; whether the assets of the relevant offshore enterprise mainly consists of direct or indirect investment in China or if its income mainly derives from China; whether the offshore enterprise and its subsidiaries directly or indirectly holding PRC taxable assets have real commercial nature which is evidenced by their actual function and risk exposure; the duration of existence of the business

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model and organizational structure; the replicability of the transaction by direct transfer of PRC taxable assets; and the tax situation of such indirect transfer and applicable tax treaties or similar arrangements. In respect of an indirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the resulting gain is to be included with the enterprise income tax filing of the PRC establishment or place of business being transferred, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relates to the immoveable properties located in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not related to a PRC establishment or place of business of a non-resident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similar arrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Where the payor fails to withhold any or sufficient tax, the transferor shall declare and pay such tax to the tax authority by itself within the statutory time limit. Late payment of applicable tax will subject the transferor to default interest. Bulletin 7 does not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange where such shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange.

       There are uncertainties as to the application of Bulletin 7. As Bulletin 7 was promulgated recently, it is not clear how it will be implemented. Bulletin 7 may be determined by the tax authorities to be applicable to some of our offshore restructuring transactions or sale of the shares of our offshore subsidiaries or investments where PRC taxable assets are involved. The transferors and transferees may be subject to the tax filing and withholding or tax payment obligation, while our PRC subsidiaries may be requested to assist in the filing. Furthermore, we, our non-resident enterprises and PRC subsidiaries may be required to spend valuable resources to comply with Bulletin 7 or to establish that we and our non-resident enterprises should not be taxed under Bulletin 7, for our previous and future restructuring or disposal of shares of our offshore subsidiaries, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

       The PRC tax authorities have the discretion under Bulletin 7 to make adjustments to the taxable capital gains based on the difference between the fair value of the taxable assets transferred and the cost of investment. If the PRC tax authorities make adjustments to the taxable income of the transactions under Bulletin 7, our income tax costs associated with such potential acquisitions or disposals will increase, which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize our revenue effectively.

       Substantially all of our revenue is denominated in Renminbi. The Renminbi is currently convertible under the "current account," which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not under the "capital account," which includes foreign direct investment and loans, including loans we may secure from our onshore subsidiaries or variable interest entities. Currently, our PRC subsidiaries, which are wholly-foreign owned enterprises, may purchase foreign currency for settlement of "current account transactions," including payment of dividends to us, without the approval of SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, the relevant PRC governmental authorities may limit or eliminate our ability to purchase foreign currencies in the future for current account transactions. Since a significant amount of our future revenue will be denominated in Renminbi, any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize revenue generated in Renminbi to fund our business activities outside of the PRC or pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs. Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account remain subject to limitations and require approvals from, or registration with, SAFE and other relevant PRC governmental authorities. This could affect our ability to obtain foreign currency through debt or equity financing for our subsidiaries and the variable interest entities.

Fluctuations in exchange rates could result in foreign currency exchange losses and could materially reduce the value of your investment.

       The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions and the foreign exchange policy adopted by the PRC government. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar. Following the removal of the U.S. dollar peg, the Renminbi appreciated more than 20% against

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the U.S. dollar over the following three years. Between July 2008 and June 2010, this appreciation halted and the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar remained within a narrow band. Since June 2010, the PRC government has allowed the RMB to appreciate slowly against the U.S. dollar again, and it has appreciated more than 10% since June 2010. In April 2012, the PRC government announced that it would allow more RMB exchange rate fluctuation. However, it remains unclear how this announcement might be implemented. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar in the future. There remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt a more flexible currency policy, which could result in greater fluctuation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in Renminbi, and a significant portion of our financial assets are also denominated in Renminbi while a significant portion of our debt is denominated in U.S. dollars. We are a holding company and we rely on dividends paid by our operating subsidiaries in China for our cash needs. Any significant revaluation of the Renminbi may materially reduce any dividends payable on our ADSs in U.S. dollars. To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount we would receive.

The audit report included in this annual report is prepared by auditors who are not inspected fully by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and, as such, our shareholders are deprived of the benefits of such inspection.

       As an auditor of companies that are publicly traded in the United States and a firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, PricewaterhouseCoopers is required under the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB. However, because we have substantial operations within the People's Republic of China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB is currently unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the Chinese government authorities, our auditor and its audit work is not currently inspected fully by the PCAOB.

       Inspections of other auditors conducted by the PCAOB outside of China have at times identified deficiencies in those auditors' audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality. The lack of PCAOB inspections of audit work undertaken in China prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating our auditor's audits and its quality control procedures. As a result, shareholders may be deprived of the benefits of PCAOB inspections, and may lose confidence in our reported financial information and procedures and the quality of our financial statements.

Proceedings instituted by the SEC against five PRC-based accounting firms, including the affiliate of our independent registered public accounting firm, could result in our financial statements being determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act.

       In late 2012, the SEC commenced administrative proceedings under Rule 102(e) of its Rules of Practice and also under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 against the mainland Chinese affiliates of the "big four" accounting firms, including the affiliate of our auditor, and also against Dahua, the former BDO affiliate in China. The Rule 102(e) proceedings initiated by the SEC relate to the failure of these firms to produce documents, including audit work papers, in response to the request of the SEC pursuant to Section 106 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as the auditors located in China are not in a position lawfully to produce documents directly to the SEC because of restrictions under PRC law and specific directives issued by the CSRC. The issues raised by the proceedings are not specific to the Chinese affiliate of our auditor or to us, but potentially affect equally all PCAOB-registered audit firms based in China and all businesses based in China (or with substantial operations in China) with securities listed in the United States. In addition, auditors based outside of China are subject to similar restrictions under PRC law and CSRC directives in respect of audit work that is carried out in China which supports the audit opinions issued on financial statements of entities with substantial China operations.

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       In January 2014, the administrative judge reached an initial decision that the China-based affiliates of the "big four" accounting firms should be barred from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. In February 2014, the accounting firms filed a petition for review of the initial decision. In February 2015, each of the "big four" accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay fine to the SEC to settle the dispute with the SEC. The settlement stays the current proceeding for four years, during which time the firms are required to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms' audit documents via the CSRC. If a firm does not follow the procedures, the SEC would impose penalties such as suspensions, or commence a new, expedited administrative proceeding against the non-compliant firm or it could restart the administrative proceeding against all four firms.

       If the affiliate of our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, even temporarily, the ability to practice before the SEC, we would need to consider with our Hong Kong based auditor the alternate support arrangements they would need in their audit of our operations in China. If our auditor were unable to have alternate support or otherwise were unable to address issues related to the production of documents pursuant to Section 106 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and we were unable to timely find another independent registered public accounting firm to audit and issue an opinion on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to delisting of our ADSs from the New York Stock Exchange or deregistration from the SEC, or both. Moreover, any negative news about the proceedings against these audit firms may adversely affect investor confidence in companies with substantial mainland China based operations listed in the U.S. All these would materially and adversely affect the market price of our ADSs and substantially reduce or effectively terminate the trading of our ADSs in the United States.

Risks Related to our ADS

The trading prices of our ADSs has been and is likely to continue to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to our shareholders.

       The trading price of our ADSs has been and is likely to continue to be volatile and could fluctuate widely in response to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in the United States may affect the volatility in the price of and trading volumes for our ADSs. Some of these companies have experienced significant volatility, including significant price declines after their initial public offerings. The trading performances of these PRC companies' securities at the time of or after their offerings may affect the overall investor sentiment towards other PRC companies listed in the United States and consequently may impact the trading performance of our ADSs. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for our ADSs may be highly volatile for specific business reasons, including:

    •
    variations in our results of operations;

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    announcements about our earnings that are not in line with analyst expectations, the risk of which is enhanced because it is our policy not to give guidance on earnings;

    •
    publication of operating or industry metrics, such as GMV, by third parties, including government statistical agencies, that differ from expectations of industry or financial analysts;

    •
    changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts;

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    announcements made by us or our competitors of new product and service offerings, acquisitions, strategic relationships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

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    press reports, whether or not true, about our business;

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    regulatory allegations or actions or negative publicity against us, regardless of their veracity;

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    changes in pricing made by us or our competitors;

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    conditions in the online retail market;

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    additions to or departures of our management;

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    •
    fluctuations of exchange rates between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar;

    •
    release or expiry of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding ordinary shares or ADSs;

    •
    sales or perceived potential sales of existing or additional ordinary shares or ADSs, including as a result of Yahoo's proposed spin-off of our ordinary shares that it holds;

    •
    the creation of vehicles that hold our ordinary shares, such as Yahoo's proposed spin-off of our ordinary shares that it holds;

    •
    changes or developments in the PRC or global regulatory environment; and

    •
    the outcome of proceedings recently instituted by the SEC against five PRC-based accounting firms, including the affiliate of our independent registered public accounting firm.

       Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and trading price of our ADSs. In addition, the stock market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies and industries. These fluctuations may include a so-called "bubble market" in which investors temporarily raise the price of the stocks of companies in certain industries, such as the e-commerce industry, to unsustainable levels. These market fluctuations may significantly affect the trading price of our ADSs. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company's securities, shareholders have often instituted securities class action litigation against that company. We have been named as a defendant in certain purported shareholder class action lawsuits described in "Item 8. Financial Information — A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information — Legal and Administrative Proceedings." The litigation process may utilize a material portion of our cash resources and divert management's attention from the day-to-day operations of our company, all of which could harm our business. If adversely determined, the class action suits may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Substantial future sales or perceived potential sales of our ADSs, ordinary shares or other equity securities in the public market could cause the price of our ADSs to decline significantly.

       Sales of our ADSs, ordinary shares or other equity securities in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our ADSs to decline significantly. As of March 31, 2015, we had 2,495,499,036 ordinary shares outstanding, including 831,246,794 ordinary shares represented by ADSs. A substantial majority of our then-outstanding ordinary shares that have not been converted to ADSs are subject to lock-up agreements with various release dates. By September 2015, all these ordinary shares will no longer be subject to any lock-up arrangement and may be freely converted into ADSs from time to time. The remaining ordinary shares will be available for sale, upon the expiration of the applicable lock-up periods, subject to volume and other restrictions as applicable under Rules 144 and 701 under the Securities Act. Any or all of these shares may be released prior to the expiration of the applicable lock-up period at the discretion of one of the designated representatives. To the extent shares are released before the expiration of the applicable lock-up period and sold into the market, the market price of our ADSs could decline significantly.

       Certain major holders of our ordinary shares will have the right to cause us to register under the Securities Act the sale of their shares, subject to the applicable lock-up periods. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in ADSs representing these shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration. Sales of these registered shares in the form of ADSs in the public market could cause the price of our ADSs to decline significantly.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our ADSs and trading volume could decline.

       It is our policy not to offer guidance on earnings. The trading market for our ADSs will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If research analysts do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our ADSs or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our ADSs

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would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for our ADSs to decline significantly.

As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to, and we will, rely on exemptions from certain New York Stock Exchange corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of our ordinary shares and the ADSs.

       We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the New York Stock Exchange by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. We are required to provide a brief description of the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the corporate governance practices required to be followed by domestic U.S. companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not required to:

    •
    have a majority of the board be independent (although all of the members of the audit committee must be independent under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act);

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    have a compensation committee or a nominating or corporate governance committee consisting entirely of independent directors;

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    have regularly scheduled executive sessions for non-management directors; or

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    have executive sessions of solely independent directors each year.

       We have relied on and intend to continue to rely on some of these exemptions. As a result, our shareholders may not be provided with the benefits of certain corporate governance requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from certain disclosure requirements under the Exchange Act, which may afford less protection to our shareholders than they would enjoy if we were a domestic U.S. company.

       As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements under the Exchange Act. In addition, our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit and recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. We are also not required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as domestic U.S. companies with securities registered under the Exchange Act. As a result, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they would under the Exchange Act rules applicable to domestic U.S. companies.

If and when permitted by law, we may conduct a public offering and listing of our shares in China, which may result in increased regulatory scrutiny and compliance costs as well as increased fluctuations in the prices of our ordinary shares and ADSs listed in overseas markets.

       Although not currently allowed under PRC law, if and when permitted by law, we may conduct a public offering and/or listing of our shares on a stock exchange in China in the future. We have not set a specific timetable or decided on any specific form for an offering in China. The precise timing of the offering and/or listing of our shares in China would depend on a number of factors, including relevant regulatory developments and market conditions. If we complete a public offering or listing in China, we would become subject to the applicable laws, rules and regulations governing public companies listed in China, in addition to the various laws, rules and regulations that we are subject to in the United States as a reporting company. The listing and trading of our securities in multiple jurisdictions and multiple markets may lead to increased compliance costs for us, and we may face the risk of significant intervention by regulatory authorities in these jurisdictions and markets.

       In addition, under current PRC laws, rules and regulations, our ordinary shares will not be interchangeable or fungible with any shares we may decide to list on a PRC stock exchange, and there is no trading or settlement between these markets in the United States and mainland China. Furthermore, these two markets have different trading characteristics and investor bases, including different levels of retail and institutional participation. As a

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result of these differences, the trading prices of our ADSs, accounting for the share-to-ADS ratio, may not be the same as the trading prices of any shares we may decide to list on a PRC stock exchange. The issuance of a separate class of shares and fluctuations in its trading price may also lead to increased volatility in, and may otherwise materially decrease, the prices of our ordinary shares and ADSs.

Our shareholders may face difficulties in protecting their interests, and their ability to protect their rights through the U.S. federal courts may be limited because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law, we conduct substantially all of our operations in China and most of our directors and all of our executive officers reside outside the United States.

       We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands and conduct substantially all of our operations in China through our wholly-foreign owned enterprises and the variable interest entities. Most of our directors and all of our executive officers reside outside the United States and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for our shareholders to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the Cayman Islands or in China in the event that they believe that their rights have been infringed under the securities laws of the United States or otherwise. Even if shareholders are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and China may render them unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. There is no statutory recognition in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States or China, although the courts of the Cayman Islands will generally recognize and enforce a non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.

       Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the Companies Law (2013 Revision) and common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against us and our directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, which provides persuasive, but not binding, authority in a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States and provides significantly less protection to investors. In addition, shareholders in Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in U.S. federal courts.

       In addition, our articles of association provide that in the event that any shareholder initiates or asserts any claim or counterclaim against us, or joins, offers substantial assistance to or has a direct financial interest in any claim or counterclaim against us, and does not obtain a judgment on the merits in which the initiating or asserting party prevails, then the shareholder will be obligated to reimburse us for all fees, costs and expenses (including, but not limited to, all reasonable attorneys' fees and other litigation expenses) that we may incur in connection with such claim or counterclaim. These fees, costs and expenses that may be shifted to a shareholder under this provision are potentially significant and this fee-shifting provision is not limited to specific types of actions, but is rather potentially applicable to the fullest extent permitted by law.

       Our fee-shifting provision may dissuade or discourage our shareholders (and their attorneys) from initiating lawsuits or claims against us or may impact the fees, contingency or otherwise, required by attorneys to represent our shareholders. Fee-shifting provisions such as ours are relatively new and untested. We cannot assure you that we will or will not invoke our fee-shifting provision in any particular dispute, or that we will be successful in obtaining fees if we choose to invoke the provision.

       As a result of the foregoing, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against us, our management, our directors or our major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States.

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The voting rights of holders of our ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement.

       Holders of our ADSs may exercise their voting rights with respect to the ordinary shares underlying their ADSs only in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Upon receipt of voting instructions from them in the manner set forth in the deposit agreement, the depositary for our ADSs will endeavor to vote their underlying ordinary shares in accordance with these instructions. Under our articles of association, the minimum notice period required for convening a general meeting is ten days. When a general meeting is convened, holders of our ADSs may not receive sufficient notice of a shareholders' meeting to permit them to withdraw their ordinary shares to allow them to cast their votes with respect to any specific matter at the meeting. In addition, the depositary and its agents may not be able to send voting instructions to holders of our ADSs or carry out their voting instructions in a timely manner. We will make all reasonable efforts to cause the depositary to extend voting rights to holders of our ADSs in a timely manner, but they may not receive the voting materials in time to ensure that they can instruct the depositary to vote the ordinary shares underlying their ADSs. Furthermore, the depositary and its agents will not be responsible for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote, for the manner in which any vote is cast or for the effect of any such vote. As a result, holders of our ADSs may not be able to exercise their rights to vote and they may lack recourse if the ordinary shares underlying their ADSs are not voted as they requested.

The depositary for our ADSs will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our ordinary shares underlying the ADSs if holders of such ADSs do not vote at shareholders' meetings, except in limited circumstances, which could adversely affect the interests of holders of our ADSs.

       Under the deposit agreement for our ADSs, the depositary will give us a discretionary proxy to vote the ordinary shares underlying the ADSs at shareholders' meetings if holders of such ADSs do not give voting instructions to the depositary, unless:

    •
    we have failed to timely provide the depositary with our notice of meeting and related voting materials;

    •
    we have instructed the depositary that we do not wish a discretionary proxy to be given;

    •
    we have informed the depositary that there is substantial opposition as to a matter to be voted on at the meeting;

    •
    a matter to be voted on at the meeting would have a material adverse impact on shareholders; or

    •
    voting at the meeting is made on a show of hands.

       The effect of this discretionary proxy is that, if holders of our ADSs fail to give voting instructions to the depositary, they cannot prevent our ordinary shares underlying their ADSs from being voted, absent the situations described above, and it may make it more difficult for shareholders to influence our management. Holders of our ordinary shares are not subject to this discretionary proxy.

Holders of our ADSs may be subject to limitations on transfer of their ADSs.

       ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deems it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.

Holders of our ADSs may not receive distributions on our ordinary shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical to make them available to them.

       The depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay holders of our ADSs the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian for our ADSs receives on our ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. Holders of our ADSs will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of our ordinary shares that their ADSs represent. However, the depositary is not responsible for making such payments or

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distributions if it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, it would be unlawful to make a distribution to a holder of ADSs if it consists of securities that require registration under the Securities Act but that are not properly registered or distributed pursuant to an applicable exemption from registration. The depositary is not responsible for making a distribution available to any holders of ADSs if any government approval or registration required for such distribution cannot be obtained after reasonable efforts made by the depositary. We have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of our ADSs, ordinary shares, rights or anything else to holders of our ADSs. This means that holders of our ADSs may not receive the distributions we make on our ordinary shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them available. These restrictions may materially reduce the value of the ADSs.

The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and distract our management.

       As a public company, we are required to comply with various regulatory and reporting requirements, including those required by the SEC. Complying with these reporting and other regulatory requirements is time-consuming and costly to us, either or both of which could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

       As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. These requirements may place a strain on our systems and resources. The Exchange Act requires that we file annual and current reports with respect to our business and financial performance. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we maintain disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. These requirements and our efforts to comply with these requirements may divert management's attention from other business concerns and we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

There could be adverse United States federal income tax consequences to United States investors if we were or were to become a passive foreign investment company.

       While we do not believe we are or will become a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, there can be no assurance that we were not a PFIC in the past and will not become a PFIC in the future. The determination of whether or not we are a PFIC is made on an annual basis and will depend on the composition of our income and assets from time to time. Specifically, we will be classified as a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes if either: (1) 75% or more of our gross income in a taxable year is passive income, or (2) the average percentage of our assets by value in a taxable year which produce or are held for the production of passive income (which includes cash) is at least 50%. The calculation of the value of our assets will be based, in part, on the quarterly market value of our ADSs, which is subject to change. See "Item 10. Additional Information — E. Taxation — Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations — Passive Foreign Investment Company."

       Although we do not believe we were or will become a PFIC, it is not entirely clear how the contractual arrangements between us and our variable interest entities will be treated for purposes of the PFIC rules. If it were determined that we do not own the stock of our variable interest entities for United States federal income tax purposes (for instance, because the relevant PRC authorities do not respect these arrangements), we may be treated as a PFIC. See "Item 10. Additional Information — E. Taxation — Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations — Passive Foreign Investment Company."

       If we were or were to become a PFIC, such characterization could result in adverse United States federal income tax consequences to our shareholders that are United States investors. For example, if we are a PFIC, our United States investors will become subject to increased tax liabilities under United States federal income tax laws and regulations and will become subject to burdensome reporting requirements. We cannot assure you that we were not or will not become a PFIC for any taxable year. You are urged to consult your own tax advisors concerning United States federal income tax consequence on the application of the PFIC rules. See "Item 10. Additional Information — E. Taxation — Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations — Passive Foreign Investment Company."

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ITEM 4.    INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A.    History and Development of the Company

       Alibaba Group Holding Limited is a Cayman Islands holding company established on June 28, 1999, and we conduct our business in China through our subsidiaries and variable interest entities.

       Our significant subsidiaries, as that term is defined under Section 1-02 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act, consist of the following entities:

    •
    Taobao Holding Limited, an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands, which is our wholly-owned subsidiary and the indirect holding company of the PRC subsidiaries relating to our Taobao Marketplace and Tmall platform.

    •
    Taobao China Holding Limited, a Hong Kong limited liability company, which is the direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Taobao Holding Limited and the direct holding company of the PRC subsidiaries relating to our Taobao Marketplace and Tmall platform and operating entity for the overseas business of our Taobao Marketplace and Tmall Global.

    •
    Taobao (China) Software Co., Ltd., a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the PRC, which is an indirect subsidiary of Taobao Holding Limited and a wholly-foreign owned enterprise, and provides software and technology services for our Taobao Marketplace.

    •
    Zhejiang Tmall Technology Co., Ltd., a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the PRC, which is an indirect subsidiary of Taobao Holding Limited and a wholly-foreign owned enterprise, and provides software and technology services for our Tmall platform.

    •
    Alibaba.com Limited, an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands, which is our wholly-owned subsidiary and the indirect holding company of the PRC subsidiaries relating to our Alibaba.com, 1688.com and AliExpress businesses.

    •
    Alibaba.com Investment Holding Limited, a company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, which is the direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Alibaba.com Limited and a lower level holding company of the PRC subsidiaries relating to our Alibaba.com, 1688.com and AliExpress businesses.

    •
    Alibaba Investment Limited, a company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, which is our wholly-owned subsidiary and the principal holding company for our strategic investments.

       The principal executive offices of our main operations are located at 969 West Wen Yi Road, Yu Hang District, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is +86-571-8502-2077. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the offices of Trident Trust Company (Cayman) Limited, Fourth Floor, One Capital Place, P.O. Box 847, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Corporation Service Company located at 1180 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 210, New York, New York 10036. Our corporate website is www.alibabagroup.com .

       We have a demonstrated track record of successful organic business creation. In addition to organic growth, we have made, or have entered into agreements to make strategic investments, acquisitions and alliances that are intended to increase our service offerings and expand our capabilities. See "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results — Recent Investment, Acquisition and Strategic Alliance Activities" for more information.

Initial Public Offering

       In September 2014, we completed our initial public offering, in which we and certain selling shareholders offered and sold an aggregate of 368,122,000 ordinary shares in the form of ADSs. We received approximately US$10 billion in proceeds before expenses. Our ADSs are listed on the NYSE under the symbol "BABA."

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B.    Business Overview

Our Mission

       Our mission is to make it easy to do business anywhere.

       Our founders started our company to champion small businesses, in the belief that the Internet would level the playing field by enabling small enterprises to leverage innovation and technology to grow and compete more effectively in the domestic and global economies. We believe that concentrating on customers' needs and solving their problems — whether those customers are buyers or sellers — ultimately will lead to the best outcome for our business. We have developed a large ecosystem for online and mobile commerce that enables participants to create and share value on our platform. Our decisions are guided by how they serve our mission over the long-term, not by the pursuit of short-term gains.

Our Vision

       We aim to build the future infrastructure of commerce. We envision that our customers will meet, work and live at Alibaba, and that we will be a company that lasts at least 102 years.

    Meet @ Alibaba. We enable millions of commercial and social interactions among our users, between consumers and merchants, and among businesses every day.

    Work @ Alibaba. We empower our customers with the fundamental infrastructure for commerce and data technology, so that they can build businesses and create value that can be shared among our ecosystem participants.

    Live @ Alibaba. We strive to expand our products and services to become central to the everyday lives of our customers.

    102 Years. For a company that was founded in 1999, lasting at least 102 years means we will have spanned three centuries, an achievement that few companies can claim. Our culture, business models and systems are built to last, so that we can achieve sustainability in the long run.

Our Values

       Our values are fundamental to the way we operate and how we recruit, evaluate and compensate our people.

       Our six values are:

    •
    Customer First  — The interests of our community of buyers and sellers must be our first priority.

    •
    Teamwork  — We believe teamwork enables ordinary people to achieve extraordinary things.

    •
    Embrace Change  — In this fast-changing world, we must be flexible, innovative and ready to adapt to new business conditions in order to survive.

    •
    Integrity  — We expect our people to uphold the highest standards of honesty and to deliver on their commitments.

    •
    Passion  — We expect our people to approach everything with fire in their belly and never give up on doing what they believe is right.

    •
    Commitment  — Employees who demonstrate perseverance and excellence are richly rewarded. Nothing should be taken lightly as we encourage our people to "work happily, and live seriously."

Company Overview

       We are the largest online and mobile commerce company in the world in terms of gross merchandise volume in 2014. We operate Taobao Marketplace, China's largest online shopping destination in terms of gross merchandise volume, Tmall, China's largest third-party platform for brands and retailers in terms of gross merchandise volume, and Juhuasuan, China's most popular group buying marketplace by its monthly active users,

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in each case in 2014 according to iResearch. These three marketplaces, which comprise our China retail marketplaces, generated a combined GMV of RMB2,444 billion (US$394 billion) in the twelve months ended March 31, 2015. There were 350 million active buyers on these marketplaces and over 10 million active sellers in the twelve months ended March 31, 2015. A significant portion of our customers have already transacted on our mobile platform, and we are focused on continuing to capture this opportunity. In the three months ended March 31, 2015, mobile GMV accounted for 51% of our GMV, up from 42% in the preceding three months and up from 27% in the same period in 2014. The number of mobile MAUs increased from 163 million in the month ended March 31, 2014, to 265 million in the month ended December 31, 2014 and to 289 million in the month ended March 31, 2015.

       In addition to our three China retail marketplaces, we operate Alibaba.com, China's largest global online wholesale marketplace in 2014 by revenue, according to iResearch, 1688.com, our China wholesale marketplace, and AliExpress, our global consumer marketplace.

       We provide the fundamental technology infrastructure and marketing reach to help businesses leverage the power of the Internet to establish an online presence and conduct commerce with consumers and businesses. We have been a leader in developing online marketplace standards in China, including consumer protection programs, marketplace rules, qualification standards for merchants and buyer and seller rating systems. Given the scale we have been able to achieve, an ecosystem has developed around our platform that consists of buyers, sellers, third party service providers, strategic alliance partners, and investee companies. Our platform and the role we play in connecting buyers and sellers and making it possible for them to do business anytime and anywhere is at the nexus of this ecosystem. Much of our effort, our time and our energy is spent on initiatives that are for the greater good of the ecosystem and the various participants in it. We feel a strong responsibility for the continued development of the ecosystem and we take ownership for this development. Accordingly, we refer to this as "our ecosystem."

       Our ecosystem has strong self-reinforcing network effects that benefit our marketplace participants, who are invested in our ecosystem's growth and success. Through this ecosystem, we have transformed how commerce is conducted in China and built a reputation as a trusted partner for the participants in our ecosystem. For more discussion of our ecosystem, see "— Our Ecosystem and Its Participants."

       We have made significant investments in proprietary technologies and infrastructure in order to support our growing ecosystem. Our technology and infrastructure allow us to harness the substantial volume of data generated from our marketplaces and to further develop and optimize the products and services offered on our platform.

       Through Alipay, we offer payment and escrow services for buyers and sellers, providing security, trust and convenience to our users. We take a platform approach to shipping and delivery by working with third-party logistics service providers through a central logistics information system operated by Cainiao Logistics, our 48%-owned affiliate.

       In fiscal year 2015, we generated 78% of our revenue from our China retail marketplaces, where Chinese consumers have access to millions of merchants offering a broad spectrum of physical goods, virtual items and services. As of May 31, 2015, there were over 1 billion product and service listings offered by sellers on our China retail marketplaces. Our revenue on these marketplaces is generated from merchants through online marketing services, commissions on transactions and fees for online services.

       In addition to our China retail and wholesale marketplaces, our major business units include our Alimama marketing technology platform, which provides us and our sellers with marketing services including valuable data insights, and Alibaba Cloud Computing, which supports our ecosystem and also provides computing services to third parties. Through our mobile Internet group, which includes UCWeb and AutoNavi, we provide a variety of mobile value-added services.

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Our Strategies

       We aim to continually grow and enhance our ecosystem and to transform how commerce is conducted in China and around the world. In the next ten years, we plan to build an ecosystem that allows consumers to buy globally and merchants to sell globally. The key elements of our strategy to grow our business include:

    Increase Active Buyers and Wallet Share

       There were 350 million active buyers on our China retail marketplaces in the twelve months ended March 31, 2015. In the twelve months ended March 31, 2015, the average active buyer on our China retail marketplaces placed 58 orders, up from 50 orders in the same period in 2014 and 42 orders in the same period in 2013. We will continue to develop and market the value proposition of our retail marketplaces to attract new buyers as well as increase the wallet share of existing buyers through more frequent buying and buying across more product categories. We intend to achieve growth through customer loyalty programs, high quality customer service, marketplace security upgrades, marketing and promoting our China retail marketplaces, especially in lower tier cities and rural areas, as well as by promoting the usage of our various mobile commerce apps such as our Mobile Taobao App.

    Expand Categories and Offerings

       We believe that growth in the number of product and service categories and products and services purchased within each category contributes to higher average spending per customer and therefore increases GMV. We aim to enhance the shopping experience for consumers, increase consumer engagement and create additional opportunities for merchants by developing and promoting additional categories and offerings. For example, we have taken initiatives to launch or expand offerings in specialty categories such as groceries, offline commerce, foreclosure sales, healthcare and entertainment. In addition, we have started to offer our Tmall set-top-boxes and smart televisions powered by our YunOS that provide access to entertainment and e-commerce content. We will continue to explore ways to improve consumer satisfaction on our marketplaces so that consumers will buy across more product categories. We intend to complement organic product category expansion with strategic alliances, investments and acquisitions.

    Extend Our Mobile Leadership

       The number of mobile MAUs increased by 24 million to 289 million in the month ended March 31, 2015, from 265 million in the month ended December 31, 2014, which represents a 77% increase from 163 million in the month ended March 31, 2014. In addition, mobile GMV transacted on our China retail marketplaces accounted for 84% of total mobile retail GMV in China in the three months ended March 31, 2015, according to iResearch. In the quarter ended March 31, 2015, our mobile GMV exceeded 50% of our total GMV for the first time. We intend to extend our leadership in mobile commerce through mobile product improvements that enhance consumer experience. We intend to build upon our strength in mobile commerce to develop a broader spectrum of consumer offerings, such as location-based services, offline commerce and entertainment, in order to fulfill our vision of becoming central to the everyday lives of our customers. In addition, we have launched mobile apps for sellers to set up and manage their online storefronts and maintain relationships with their customers, thereby enhancing the loyalty among merchants toward our platform. We expect UCWeb and AutoNavi will further extend our mobile leadership. In addition to UCWeb's mobile browser, we will provide various mobile value-added services, including mobile search, app distribution and a mobile games platform. We intend to continue to invest in our mobile operating system, YunOS, to provide an integrated user experience on our mobile apps. We will also continue to look for ways to increase our mobile user base and engagement through strategic alliances, investments and acquisitions.

       By pursuing this "user first" strategy to focus on user experience enhancement and user base expansion, we believe that we will be able to drive more GMV that will provide economic benefits to our sellers and create additional monetization opportunities in the future. We will continue to gather data insights and explore ways to monetize user traffic on our mobile platform without disrupting user experience.

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    Enhance the Success of Sellers on a Broad Basis

       We aim to increase the success of a broad base of sellers on our marketplaces by increasing their exposure to relevant buyer demand and providing them with more tools such as mobile tools and data science applications to manage their relationships with customers, in order to enable a more personalized shopping experience. We offer Qianniu GRAPHIC , an integrated platform for communication and productivity tools that allows sellers on Taobao Marketplace and Tmall to manage their operations more efficiently. Sellers also use Weitao GRAPHIC , our mobile social media platform that enables sellers to provide information regarding their brands, promotions and other topics to buyers. Potential sellers can also use Xiaopu GRAPHIC , a feature embedded in our mobile Taobao App, to set up and manage their new storefront on Taobao Marketplace directly via their mobile phones. We use data analytics to help sellers target consumers and increase the rate of conversion from visits to transactions. In addition, we intend to expand our marketing affiliate network to enable our sellers to reach out to a broader range of customers. Through Cainiao Logistics, we enable our logistics service partners with data and technology to help them provide quality and comprehensive logistics services to our sellers. In addition, through our Taobao University program, we offer sellers training and education to help them improve the operation of their online storefronts and marketing and sales activities.

    Enhance Data and Cloud Computing Technologies

       We believe data generated on our marketplaces can provide significant value to our customers and other ecosystem participants. We will continue to implement our data strategy through the application of data intelligence and deep learning technologies to several fields, including marketplace design, user interface, search, targeted marketing, logistics, platform security, location-based services and financial services, among others.

       We believe cloud computing will become an essential component of the infrastructure of e-commerce. In the past six years we have invested in and developed our proprietary cloud infrastructure to support our own businesses and those of third parties, including our sellers, start-up companies and enterprises. We will continue to invest heavily in our cloud computing platform to support our own businesses and those of third parties.

    Develop Cross-border Commerce Opportunities

       Our international strategy is focused on leveraging cross-border linkages to our ecosystem that enable foreign brands and merchants to access the Chinese consumer market without significant capital investments while providing Chinese manufacturers and merchants a platform to reach businesses and consumers across the world.

       Tmall Global — Chinese consumers buying goods shipped from overseas.     Through Tmall Global, an extension of the Tmall platform, we address the increasing demand for foreign brands by Chinese consumers. While major foreign brands that have physical operations in China are well-represented on Tmall, we also aim to establish Tmall Global as the premier platform for overseas brands and retailers to reach Chinese consumers without the need for physical operations in China. We will continue to develop Tmall Global as the destination for Chinese consumers to gain access to foreign brands by attracting additional brands and developing more efficient cross-border payment and logistics solutions.

       AliExpress — worldwide consumers buying Chinese products.     Through AliExpress, consumers worldwide can buy directly from manufacturers and exporters in China at attractive prices. We will continue to develop and market AliExpress globally, especially to consumers in emerging economies such as Russia, Eastern Europe and South America, where quality products from China at direct-to-consumer prices offer significant value.

       Alibaba.com — Chinese wholesale exports to the world.     Alibaba.com is a global online wholesale marketplace. We seek to expand our import/export marketplace by growing the number of paying members, as well as offering additional value-added services such as customs clearance, VAT rebate services for our exporters and cross-border logistics solutions.

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    Develop Our People

       We have a strong and deep bench of talented executives who will lead us for years to come. At the same time, we are committed to continuing to develop strong leadership from within. In addition to investing in various business initiatives, including cloud computing, logistics, big data technology and cross-border trade capabilities, and our ecosystem partners, we plan to invest in and strengthen our talent. We believe that this is needed for us to embrace the challenges of high growth, scale and complexity in executing our vision for consumers and businesses around the world to meet, work and live at Alibaba.

Our Ecosystem and Its Participants

Overview

       Buyers and sellers are at the heart of our ecosystem. Buyers and sellers discover, select and transact with each other on our platform. Third-party service providers add value to our platform through service offerings that make it easier for buyers and sellers to do business. The third-party participants in our ecosystem include a payment services provider, logistics providers, retail operational partners, marketing affiliates, independent software vendors and various professional service providers.

       We have developed key policies and procedures that maintain the health and sustainability of our marketplaces, including consumer protection programs, marketplace rules, qualification standards for merchants and buyer and seller rating systems. We have agreements, arrangements and relationships with our ecosystem participants — buyers, sellers and third-party service providers. We also have strategic alliances with and or investments in leading China Internet companies such as Weibo and Youku Tudou.

       We are invested in the success of every participant in our ecosystem and we strive to ensure that our ecosystem partners capture their fair share of the economics.

       As our ecosystem expands, new jobs are created. According to a research report authored by AliResearch, our internal research division, as of December 2014, our China retail marketplaces supported over 13 million direct and indirect job opportunities, including people working directly for online storefronts and service providers to sellers.

Value Proposition to Consumers

       The large and growing number of the consumers we serve and the increasing frequency with which they shop on our marketplaces reflect our value proposition to consumers. In the twelve months ended March 31, 2015, we had 350 million annual active buyers who placed an average of 58 orders during this period.

       Anything you want, anytime, anywhere.     With over 1 billion product and service listings offered by sellers on our China retail marketplaces as of May 31, 2015, consumers have access to a wide selection of products ranging from high volume items to more niche, tailored and personalized products, or so-called "long-tail" products, all through our websites and mobile apps on a 24-hour a day, 7-day a week basis.

       Delightful shopping experience.     We believe that our marketplaces deliver a delightful shopping experience to consumers. We believe that the following factors drive the consumer experience on our platform:

    Selection and value for money. With more than 10 million annual active sellers on our China retail marketplaces in the twelve months ended March 31, 2015 and over 140,000 brands on Tmall as of March 31, 2015, our marketplaces offer consumers competitive pricing across a broad range of categories.

    Personalization. Our data analytic and data management capabilities allow us to anticipate buyer needs and tailor product offering displays, matching buyers with the most relevant merchants.

    Reliability. Consumers rely on feedback on the sellers, product reviews and seller rating systems to give them the transparency and comfort they need in choosing from whom to buy.

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    Product quality and consumer protection. Our marketplace rules encourage sellers to make product quality their priority. Sellers on Tmall are required to offer consumer protection programs, such as guaranteed returns and product warranties. Sellers on Taobao Marketplace are required to offer certain consumer protection measures and may also choose to participate in additional return and warranty programs. The sellers who participate in additional consumer protection programs generally do more business on our marketplace.

    Convenient payment. The escrow services provided by Alipay on our China and International retail marketplaces are designed to make payment safe, fast and easy for consumers who use that service whether they shop on a computer or a mobile device.

    Reliable and timely delivery. The central logistics information system we provide through Cainiao Logistics enables sellers to fulfill and deliver orders in timely and reliable ways, with real-time information being provided to buyers on delivery status. Logistics service providers, such as express delivery companies, relied on this information system to fulfill and deliver an average of 24 million packages per day to consumers in the twelve months ended March 31, 2015.

Value Proposition to Sellers

       Cost-effective customer acquisition with scale.     We believe our marketplaces are the top choices for sellers, whether they are wholesalers or retailers, to establish a presence to gain access to buyer traffic. In March 2015, an average of over 100 million unique daily visitors visited our Taobao Marketplace.

       Taobao and Tmall have become synonymous with online and mobile shopping in China. Consumers come to our online or mobile platform with strong commercial intent, which drives high conversion rates for merchants. In addition, we provide sellers with data analytics that enable them to more effectively target their offerings and marketing efforts to increase the rate they convert shoppers to buyers. Accordingly, we believe our marketplaces to be an effective and cost-efficient way to acquire online customers in China.

       In addition, sellers can extend their consumer reach through our ecosystem of marketing affiliates. Taobao Affiliate Network, one of the leading marketing affiliate networks in China, enables merchants to generate incremental traffic from third-party affiliates to their storefronts and product listings. For example, Weibo, a leading social media platform in China in which we have an equity investment, offers merchants a marketing medium for messages and alerts such as new products and special promotions with a reach of 198 million monthly active users during March 2015, according to Weibo's public announcement.

       Brand building and promotions.     Many retailers have successfully built brand awareness and run brand promotions on our retail marketplaces. Because we do not compete with merchants who sell on our marketplaces, brands and retailers embrace Tmall as a platform to distinguish their own brand identities and build brand awareness and image. Through real-time interactions with consumers who have commercial intent, Tmall enables retailers to run special promotions and targeted marketing campaigns utilizing data and interactive media in ways that cannot be achieved through traditional media or social networking platforms.

       Infrastructure support for sellers.     Sellers not only build their storefronts and product catalogues on our marketplaces; they also rely on our platform for a range of essential support services to operate their businesses. These include Web-based and mobile interfaces to manage listings, orders and customer relationships, as well as cloud computing services for their enterprise resource planning, or ERP, and client relationship management, or CRM, systems. Through Cainiao Logistics, we provide sellers with performance analytics on their logistics service providers, including delivery performance, customer satisfaction ratings and complaint statistics. Sellers can place shipment orders with our partner logistics providers directly through the Cainiao Logistics platform. Through the shipment ordering systems, we aim to enable sellers to improve the buyer shopping experience by providing performance analytics and tools such as shipment fee calculators.

       Direct sourcing for merchants.     We enable merchants to source products through 1688.com, our domestic wholesale marketplace. Retail merchants have access to a transaction system developed by us to efficiently connect and transact with sellers on 1688.com. By connecting wholesalers and manufacturers with merchants on our retail

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marketplaces, we make it possible for producers to shorten the distribution chain and for retail merchants to have access to a more cost-effective direct sourcing channel.

       Financing for sellers.     We offer Ant Financial Services' financing products to certain sellers on our marketplaces. We believe that these financing products can be structured and distributed in a more cost-effective way because through our data sharing agreement with Ant Financial Services, Ant Financial Services is able to use data from our marketplaces to make informed marketing, credit and risk management decisions.

Value Proposition to Third-party Service Providers

       Marketing affiliates.     We believe Taobao Affiliate Network is one of the largest affiliate marketing networks in China based on revenue shared with affiliates. Taobao Affiliate Network is powered by Alimama, our proprietary online marketing technology platform. Through this platform, sellers place marketing displays on our marketing affiliates' websites and mobile apps, and sellers pay us a performance-based marketing fee primarily based on cost-per-click, or CPC, and cost-per-sale, or CPS, models. A significant portion of the marketing fees is shared with the participating affiliates.

       Logistics service providers.     Our scale and the data generated from transactions on our marketplaces enable us to work closely with our logistics service providers — including warehouse operators, line haul services providers and express delivery services — to improve the quality of their services. Through Cainiao Logistics, we provide real-time information to our logistics service providers, including key operating metrics such as distribution center utilization rates, route planning data and order volume forecasts. This information allows our logistics service providers to operate more efficiently by optimizing their warehouse, transport and people resources to effectively meet consumer demand.

       We collaborate with logistics service providers to develop solutions that are tailored for product categories that require special handling, such as perishables, frozen items, large appliances, home improvement products and furniture. This creates additional business opportunities for our logistics service providers.

       Retail operational partners.     As more brands and retailers expand into e-commerce, they look to outsource certain functions to third parties who have experience conducting business on online and mobile commerce platforms. These functions include product planning, supply chain management, inventory storage and fulfillment, marketing and storefront management, customer relationship management and customer service.

       Independent software vendors, or ISVs.     ISVs provide software tools as well as systems integration services to sellers. Our China retail marketplaces provide open application programming interfaces, or APIs, for ISVs to develop and distribute services for merchants to customize their storefronts. In addition, ISVs that provide systems integration services help merchants manage their ERP and CRM systems that are hosted on our cloud computing platform.

       Professional services.     The large scale of economic activity on our marketplaces has spawned a number of specialized professional services being offered to merchants. These include, among others, photography specialists, models for clothing and accessories, customer service agents, Internet marketing consultants and professional buying agents.

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Our Businesses

Our Marketplaces

       The following table summarizes the key marketplaces we operate:

Marketplace
  Year of launch   Description    
  Key metrics

Taobao Marketplace
    (www.taobao.com)
Tmall
    (www.tmall.com)
Juhuasuan
    (www.juhuasuan.com)
1688.com
    (www.1688.com)
AliExpress
    (www.aliexpress.com)
Alibaba.com
    (www.alibaba.com)

  2003

2008

2010

1999

2010

1999 		  China online shopping destination

China brands and retail platform

China group buying marketplace

China wholesale marketplace

Global consumer marketplace

Global wholesale marketplace 		  GRAPHIC  
GMV: (1)(2) RMB2,444 billion
Annual active buyers: (2) 350 million
Annual active sellers: (2) more than 10 million

Paying members: (3) over 830,000

GMV settled through Alipay: (2) US$4.3 billion

Paying members: (3) over 136,000
(1)
GMV generated from traffic through Juhuasuan is recorded as either Taobao Marketplace GMV or Tmall GMV depending on which of these two marketplaces the transaction is completed.
(2)
For the twelve months ended March 31, 2015.
(3)
As of March 31, 2015.

    Taobao Marketplace

       We launched Taobao Marketplace in 2003 as a free platform for buyers to explore and discover products and sellers to establish a low-cost online presence. Taobao means "search for treasure" in Chinese and has become synonymous with online shopping. According to iResearch, Taobao was the number one C2C marketplace in terms of gross merchandise volume in China in 2014. Users may access Taobao Marketplace anytime, anywhere through the Taobao website, our Mobile Taobao App and our mobile-optimized website. Our Mobile Taobao App has been the most popular mobile commerce app in China from August 2012 to April 2015 (the most recent month for which such data is available) in terms of mobile MAUs, according to iResearch. Taobao Marketplace had an average of over 100 million unique daily visitors in March 2015. With the large number of daily visitors, Taobao Marketplace acts as a starting point for buyers to explore, discover and use our marketplaces and services. For example, Taobao Marketplace drives significant organic traffic to Tmall, lowering customer acquisition costs across our marketplaces.

       Taobao Marketplace is open to everyone. Sellers on Taobao Marketplace are primarily individuals and small businesses. Anyone selling on Taobao Marketplace must verify their identity, pass an online examination on Taobao Marketplace rules and execute an honor code pledge. Through individual online storefronts, sellers list their products and services and complete transactions with buyers. In addition to serving buyers and sellers in large cities, Taobao Marketplace also benefits buyers and sellers from lower tier cities. During the twelve months ended March 31, 2015, 219 million active buyers, or approximately 63% of all active buyers on our China retail marketplaces, were located outside of tier 1 and tier 2 cities.

       The creation of storefronts and listings are free of charge to sellers. The escrow payment services provided by Alipay are free of charge to buyers and sellers unless payment is funded through a credit card, in which case Alipay charges a fee to the seller based on the related bank fees charged to Alipay. We generate revenue on Taobao Marketplace from sellers who purchase P4P and display marketing services to direct traffic to their storefronts either on Taobao Marketplace, Tmall or Juhuasuan. In addition, we also acquire additional traffic for our marketplaces from third-party marketing affiliate websites. We also generate subscription fee revenue from

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sellers who pay for our storefront software, including a suite of tools to upgrade, decorate and manage their online storefronts.

    Tmall

       We launched Tmall in 2008 as an online platform featuring brands and retailers with each seller having a uniquely identifiable online storefront. Users may access Tmall anytime, anywhere through the Tmall website and the mobile apps and mobile-optimized websites provided by Taobao Marketplace and Tmall. According to iResearch, Tmall is the largest brands and retail platform in China in terms of GMV in 2014, including direct sales companies and platform operators.

       Tmall caters to online and mobile consumers looking for branded products and a premium shopping experience. It is a trusted platform for consumers to buy both homegrown and international branded products and products that are not available in traditional retail outlets. Brands and retailers operate their own stores on the Tmall platform with unique identities, look and feel, enabling sellers to control their own branding and merchandising. As of March 31, 2015, there were over 140,000 brands on Tmall. Because of the presence of a large number of global brands and the stringent requirements for merchants to operate on Tmall, a presence on Tmall has become a validation of quality, allowing merchants to take advantage of our significant traffic to extend and build brand awareness.

       In 2009, Tmall pioneered November 11, known as "Singles Day" in China, as an annual promotional shopping day. Singles Day was established as an annual promotional event on Tmall to reward consumers through discounts. On November 11, 2014, our China and international retail marketplaces generated GMV of RMB57 billion (US$9 billion) settled through Alipay within a 24-hour period. 43% of total GMV settled through Alipay on that day was attributable to mobile.

       In 2014, we launched Tmall Global, which is a platform for international brands to offer products directly to consumers in China. Tmall Global offers Chinese consumers access to branded products sourced and fulfilled directly from overseas. In addition, consumers may directly settle payments with the international merchant in Renminbi through Alipay's international settlement services.

       International brands that set up storefronts on Tmall Global benefit from the exposure to the hundreds of millions of visitors on Taobao Marketplace and Tmall, enabling them to establish their brand awareness in China without the need for a physical presence in China. International merchants can register and set up a storefront with Tmall Global with, among other things, registered trademarks from jurisdictions of their home countries. Foreign brands on Tmall Global primarily consist of brands from the United States, Germany, the United Kingdoms, France, Italy, Australia, New Zealand, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong. For example, we are cooperating with major hypermarkets around the world, including Costco from the U.S., Countdown from New Zealand, Lottemart and e-Mart from South Korea, RT-Mart from Taiwan, Fresta from Japan and King Power from Thailand, to bring even more imported goods to Chinese consumers.

       Sellers on Tmall and Tmall Global pay commissions based on a pre-determined percentage of GMV for transactions settled through Alipay that varies by product category, and typically ranges from 0.3% to 5%. Tmall sellers also pay an annual upfront service fee, up to 100% of which may be refunded depending on sales volume achieved by the seller within each year. Sellers also pay a security deposit to back-stop potential claims under our consumer protection programs.

    Juhuasuan Group Buying Marketplace

       Launched in 2010, Juhuasuan was the most popular online group buying marketplace in China based on its monthly active users in 2014, according to iResearch. Juhuasuan is a standalone marketplace that operates a distinct website with its own brand identity among consumers. Juhuasuan is another avenue for sellers' marketing spending to help them generate more sales and acquire additional traffic. All merchants that purchase promotional slots on Juhuasuan are Taobao Marketplace and Tmall merchants, and transactions from traffic originated on Juhuasuan are completed on the merchants' storefronts on Taobao Marketplace or Tmall. Accordingly, GMV

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generated from traffic through Juhuasuan is recorded as either Taobao Marketplace GMV or Tmall GMV depending on which of these two marketplaces the transaction is completed on.

       Juhuasuan offers quality products by aggregating demand from numerous consumers. Juhuasuan offers distinct group buying channels featuring branded and private label products, products made to custom specifications and offline commerce.

       Sellers on Juhuasuan pay a placement fee for promotional slots for a specified period and a commission based on a pre-determined percentage of GMV settled through Alipay, which varies by product category.

    Emerging Offline Consumption Opportunities

       In 2010 we started offering Taobao Local Service, a online and mobile platform that allows consumers to discover services offered by local merchants and that offers a channel for traditional offline service providers. Taobao Local Services may be accessed through both personal computers and our mobile apps. Other Taobao Local Services include Alitrip and online movie ticketing. In April 2015, we delivered a non-binding proposal to Alibaba Pictures for a possible business injection of our online movie ticketing business and financing and investment platform for the production of movies and other media content into Alibaba Pictures. In June 2015, we announced that we will establish a joint venture under the brand name Koubei with Ant Financial Services, aimed at capturing opportunities within China's local services market, with an initial focus on the food and beverage market. We will transfer our food ordering and delivery business that we currently operate under the Taodiandian brand to this joint venture. Ant Financial Services will transfer to this joint venture its offline merchant resources.

    1688.com

       1688.com is a leading online wholesale marketplace in China. 1688.com offers membership packages for sellers to establish an online presence to market relevant product information to wholesale buyers involved in domestic trade in China. We have extended our business model to create a transaction platform on 1688.com to help wholesalers transact with buyers and the majority of buyers are merchants on our retail marketplaces. The majority of sellers on 1688.com are Chinese wholesalers, suppliers or distributors. 1688.com also acts as a wholesale channel for merchants doing business on our retail marketplaces to source products from domestic wholesalers.

       Sellers may join 1688.com and list their products for free. Sellers may purchase a China TrustPass membership that allows wholesalers to host premium storefronts with access to basic data-analytic applications and upgraded storefront management tools. Sellers may also pay for additional services, such as premium data analytics, and online marketing services such as P4P marketing services and keyword bidding.

    AliExpress

       We launched AliExpress in 2010. This global consumer marketplace enables consumers from around the world to buy directly from wholesalers and manufacturers in China. On AliExpress, consumers have access to a wide variety of products.

       In addition to the global English-language site, AliExpress operates fifteen local language sites in countries like Russia, Brazil, Indonesia, Spain and France. Sellers primarily consist of small and medium-sized businesses located in China.

       Sellers on AliExpress pay a transaction commission at a fixed rate, which is 5% of GMV for transactions settled through Alipay. We also generate revenue on AliExpress from sellers who participate in the third-party marketing affiliate program for this marketplace. In the twelve months ended March 31, 2015, AliExpress generated US$6.6 billion in GMV, US$4.3 billion of which was settled through Alipay.

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    Alibaba.com

       Alibaba.com was our first online commerce platform, launched in 1999. Alibaba.com is a leading English language wholesale platform focused on supporting global trade, which was China's largest global online wholesale marketplace by revenue in 2014, according to iResearch.

       Sellers on Alibaba.com may pay for an annual Gold Supplier membership to host a premium storefront with product listings on the marketplace. Sellers may also purchase an upgraded membership package to receive value added services such as upgraded storefront management tools, P4P marketing services, higher rankings from keyword search, custom clearance, VAT refund and other import/export business solutions. Buyers on Alibaba.com are located in numerous countries all over the world. Buyers are typically SMEs engaged in the import and export business, trade agents, and wholesalers, retailers and manufacturing companies.

    Marketing Services on Our Marketplaces

       Our marketing technology platform, Alimama, offers sellers on our marketplaces P4P marketing service and display marketing for both personal computer and mobile devices. Using our auction or bidding system, sellers place P4P and display marketing services on our websites and the websites of third parties that are part of our Taobao Affiliate Network. The ultimate placement of the online marketing services on our websites or those of third-party marketing affiliates is based upon the results of our proprietary algorithms that incorporate specific attributes or information, such as demographic and geographic information, to place the services for the sellers in a way that will enhance their return on marketing expenditure. Merchants may choose to opt out of online marketing services offered by third-party marketing affiliates so that any services they bid for on our systems will be for services that appear only on our websites. In addition, under our current bidding system, merchants may set a different bidding price for mobile if merchants choose to opt in to using our online marketing services on mobile devices.

       Through the Taobao Affiliate Network, which we believe is one of the largest online marketing affiliate networks in China in terms of revenue shared with third-party marketing affiliates, we also offer the Taobaoke Program, which connects sellers to our affiliate marketing partners for marketing displays on the affiliate partners' websites. Under the Taobaoke Program, sellers on Taobao Marketplace and Tmall pay us commissions based on a percentage of GMV for transactions settled through Alipay from users sourced from third-party marketing affiliates. A significant portion of that commission is shared with our third-party affiliate partners.

       In addition, sellers may pay placement fees to purchase promotional slots on our Juhuasuan marketplace for a specified period.

       P4P marketing, display marketing and Juhuasuan placement services on our websites are generally available only to merchants on Taobao Marketplace and Tmall. P4P marketing and display marketing on third-party marketing affiliates' websites are available to both merchants on Taobao Marketplace and Tmall as well as to other third parties.

       TANX.     We operate the Taobao Ad Network and Exchange, or TANX, one of the earliest and is one of the largest, real-time online advertising exchanges in China. Powered by Alibaba Cloud Computing, TANX automates the buying and selling of billions of advertising impressions on a daily basis by third parties. TANX enables more transparent pricing of advertising inventory, which improves online marketers' return on investment. Participants on TANX include publishers, merchants and demand side platforms.

       TANX is an open marketplace and is not limited solely to merchants on Taobao Marketplace and Tmall. It is also available to other third parties wishing to purchase online advertising services available in the TANX inventory.

       Data Management Platform.     We also offer a data management platform, or DMP, connected to TANX. Our DMP allows participants on TANX to evaluate and select online advertising inventory using both behavioral data they provide us as well as data from browsing behavior and shopping history. By customizing and tagging attributes

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of consumers, participants on TANX are able to evaluate online advertising inventory more precisely and reach their targeted audiences more efficiently.

    Tools and Enablers

       Tools and Enablers for Buyers on Our Marketplaces.     Our tools for buyers enable them to navigate and search our marketplaces, complete transactions efficiently and provide input on their buying experience. Through our proprietary algorithm, we offer search functions on all of our web pages, mobile apps and many of our marketing affiliates' websites and apps to provide a highly relevant search experience, making it easy for buyers to find products and services within our marketplaces. We also use our proprietary algorithm that takes into account the context of the search to provide a highly relevant search experience. When a buyer conducts a search on Taobao Marketplace, the results include storefront and product listings across both Taobao Marketplace and Tmall to better meet the buyer's needs and provide the most relevant results. We also offer a feedback system on our marketplaces. After a transaction is completed, a buyer can rate a seller based on various criteria, including whether the received product matches its description, a seller's service level and delivery timeliness. These criteria form the basis of the detailed service rating, or DSR. Aggregate DSR scores for each seller over the past six months are displayed prominently on a storefront. DSR scores also affect a seller's ranking on search results pages.

       Tools and Enablers for Sellers on Our Marketplaces.     Our tools for sellers help them improve their online storefronts, manage their businesses and make their operations more efficient. These tools include:

    •
    Storefront management.   We offer a suite of tools that assist sellers on Taobao Marketplace in upgrading, decorating and managing their storefronts under the Wangpu GRAPHIC

    application which is available for a subscription fee. For smaller sellers, we provide Wangpu for free. We also offer a free feature called Xiaopu GRAPHIC

    in our mobile Taobao App that allows sellers to set up and manage their storefronts directly using their mobile phones.

    •
    Communication.   We offer Aliwangwang GRAPHIC

    and Wangxin GRAPHIC

    , instant messengers that support text, audio and video communication on personal computers and mobile phones that facilitate open communication between buyers and sellers.

    •
    Productivity management.   We also offer Qianniu GRAPHIC

    , an integrated platform for communication and productivity tools, which allows sellers on Taobao Marketplace and Tmall to access a number of our tools such as Wangpu, Aliwangwang and Alimama through a unified interface.

    •
    Taobao services platform.   We offer Taobao Services Platform where a large number of retail operational partners, ISVs and professional services providers provide a variety of services to our sellers, including product planning, supply chain management, inventory storage and fulfillment, marketing promotion, fashion modeling, storefront management and CRM services, software tools and system integration services. To maintain and monitor the quality of services provided in our ecosystem, we set specific standards that our third-party service providers must meet in order to be eligible to offer services on the Taobao Services Platform.

Cloud Computing and Internet Infrastructure

       Alibaba Cloud Computing supports our e-commerce ecosystem by providing a distributed computing infrastructure to handle the large volume of traffic and data generated on our online marketplaces. Our cloud computing infrastructure serves our own platform, our affiliated companies and Alipay, and provides cloud computing services to our sellers and other third parties. Our cloud computing platform offers a complete suite of service offerings, including elastic computing, database services and storage and large scale computing services. We are developing and enhancing a mobile operating system, YunOS, for mobile devices, the Internet of things and set-top boxes, which will be integrated into our cloud computing offerings.

       We offer our cloud computing services to our sellers, start-ups, enterprises and other third parties for a fee primarily based on time and usage. As of March 31, 2015, Alibaba Cloud Computing services had over

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240,000 paying direct customers. In addition to these paying direct customers, Alibaba Cloud Computing services also have non-paying direct customers, web-hosting services customers, as well as sellers who use Alibaba Cloud Computing services indirectly through Jushita, our dedicated cloud solution platform for sellers on our China retail marketplaces. In the aggregate, Alibaba Cloud Computing services had over 1,800,000 customers as of March 31, 2015. The reliability and scalability of our cloud computing platform is evidenced, for example, by our successful processing of a peak order creation volume of 80,000 orders per second during our Singles Day promotion on November 11, 2014, when record amounts of traffic and transactions occurred.

Others

    Mobile Internet Services

    •
    UCWeb.   UCWeb, our wholly-owned subsidiary, is China's largest mobile browser company in terms of monthly mobile active users, according to iResearch. As of May 2015, it operated the largest third-party mobile browser in India and Indonesia in terms of page view market share, according to StatCounter (data available at: http://gs.statcounter.com). UCWeb also provides various mobile value-added services, including mobile search, app distribution and a mobile games platform.

    •
    AutoNavi.   AutoNavi, our wholly-owned subsidiary, is one of China's leading providers in digital map, navigation and location-based services.

    Entertainment

       We are establishing an Internet-based entertainment ecosystem for domestic households through three businesses:

    •
    Over-the-top Services.   We offer over-the-top services such as the delivery of a variety of video content over the Internet through set-top boxes developed by us and set-top boxes and smart televisions developed by third parties powered by YunOS.

    •
    Music.   We operate online music platforms, Xiami GRAPHIC

    and Tiantiandongting GRAPHIC

    , that offer music streaming services through websites and mobile apps.

    •
    Alibaba Pictures.   Alibaba Pictures, one of our affiliates, is a film and television program producer and distributor. It is our movie business flagship which is an important part of our entertainment ecosystem.

    Health

    •
    Alibaba Health.   Alibaba Health, one of our affiliates, is a leading operator of product identification, authentication and tracking system principally for the pharmaceutical industry in China. We intend for Alibaba Health, as an integrated information and content service provider that seeks to provide technology enabled solutions to healthcare industry participants, to be our healthcare flagship.

Other Major Elements of Our Ecosystem

Logistics

       In order to meet our current and future logistics demands, we established a distributed and scalable logistics operation model that links a network of logistics service providers, sellers and buyers to our proprietary information platform, which is operated by Cainiao Logistics. We do not own the physical infrastructure but instead work with a variety of logistics service partners to ensure we can connect buyers and sellers throughout China and around the world. Our logistics platform provides real-time access to information and data for sellers to help them better manage their businesses, and for logistics service providers to help them improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their services and enhance consumer experiences.

       Cainiao Logistics is the wholly-owned subsidiary of a joint venture we formed in 2013 with five major express delivery companies in China that provide services on our China retail marketplaces, as well as firms specializing in

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real estate development. We own a 48% equity interest in the joint venture. Together with these partners, we will continue to look for ways to develop and expand the reach of our logistics platform.

    Logistics process

       When a customer orders a product from a seller on our marketplaces, in most cases, the seller selects a delivery company to fulfill the order. The selected delivery company is responsible for end-to-end delivery. Larger sellers that process large order volumes on a daily basis may select a number of logistics service providers to perform pick-up, warehousing, line-haul and last mile delivery. Both buyers and sellers can access tracking information online until the package is delivered. Buyers can provide feedback on the delivery companies which is then accessible to both sellers and delivery companies. In the twelve months ended March 31, 2015, approximately 2.1 billion packages from transactions on our China retail marketplaces were delivered within 48 hours from shipment to the end customer. Customers can choose longer delivery times at lower cost, and we estimate that the average delivery time of packages tracked by us from shipment to the end consumer was approximately 3 days.

GRAPHIC

    Network of logistics service providers

       We have established a network of logistics service providers through Cainiao Logistics. Cainiao Logistics has agreements with logistics service providers covering several areas, including data sharing, delivery commitments, pricing and services for specific product categories. This network allows sellers to select one of many different logistics service providers depending on their needs. The 14 strategic delivery partners working with our logistics platform have a national network and the top six of these delivery partners handled the majority of packages generated on our marketplaces in the twelve months ended March 31, 2015. We believe that orders from transactions generated on our marketplaces represented a significant portion of our delivery partners' total delivery volumes in the twelve months ended March 31, 2015. According to data provided by them as of March 31, 2015, our top 14 strategic delivery partners employed over 1,400,000 delivery personnel in more than 600 cities and 31 provinces, directly controlled municipalities and autonomous regions in China. Collectively they operated more than 100,000 delivery stations. This network managed the delivery of over 8.6 billion packages from our China retail marketplaces to consumers in the twelve months ended March 31, 2015.

    Proprietary logistics information platform

       We have developed a proprietary logistics information platform, operated by Cainiao Logistics, which links buyers, sellers and logistics service partners and allows them to share information on order specifics, delivery status and user feedback. Our logistics information system can interface with a broad range of systems including our marketplace transaction systems, in addition to third party systems such as the transportation management systems of the delivery companies, and the CRM, ERP and warehouse management systems of sellers. This information serves many purposes for sellers, logistics service providers and buyers. For example, sellers can review the performance of delivery service providers on different routes. Logistics service providers can compare their performance against their peers. Buyers can track their purchases on their personal computers and mobile devices, which we believe is an important feature for consumers in China.

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       Our logistics platform provides the following services and benefits to consumers:

    •
    delivery time prediction, where we estimate the delivery time of parcels shipped by participating sellers based on our data, allowing them to provide enhanced delivery certainty for buyers;

    •
    real-time package tracking through our website and mobile interfaces, enabling buyers to plan for receipt of their orders;

    •
    self-service pick-up, where the buyer chooses a convenient location for pick-up from our participating network of convenience store chains, university campuses, residential property management offices, community service stations and other locations, allowing buyers to pick up packages at a time and place convenient for them; and

    •
    logistics service evaluations, where the buyer may provide feedback on the logistics service, enabling sellers and logistics service providers to improve their services.

    Future Expansion Plans

       Our logistics strategy, which employs our proprietary information platform and a network of logistics service providers, has proven to be a scalable, effective approach to meet the current and medium-term needs of buyers and sellers. Over the longer term, we plan to further invest in logistics capabilities through Cainiao Logistics, with the objectives of significantly increasing capacity, supporting the evolving needs of current and new merchants in a broader set of categories, increasing cost efficiency and shortening average delivery times.

       In the twelve months ended March 31, 2015, the logistics system ensured the successful delivery of an average of 24 million packages per day. To support the expected growth of our ecosystem over the longer term, Cainiao Logistics has started offering end-to-end delivery solutions for larger sellers in certain product categories and developing technology and data enabled tools to improve the accuracy and efficiency of delivery such as electronic parcel forms and address database. Cainiao Logistics plans to build a network of key logistics hubs across China, including distribution centers, warehouses and other supply chain facilities. Its goal is to enable China's logistics and supply chain management industries to support the delivery of over 100 million packages per day to consumers' doorsteps anywhere in China within 24 hours of an order being placed.

       To complete this nationwide network, Cainiao Logistics has prioritized a list of key cities where key hubs will be located based on proprietary data we provide on patterns of deliveries and anticipated consumer demand, after considering a variety of factors, including macro data, such as population and GDP, e-commerce penetration rates and existing logistics infrastructure. Cainiao Logistics had acquired and intends to continue to acquire land use rights in key locations. Cainiao Logistics has also started building cross border logistics capabilities by working with logistics service providers in China and abroad.

       As the build-out of the logistics network is capital intensive, Cainiao Logistics will invest in logistics developments together with third parties who may provide passive equity and debt financing on a holding company and project-by-project basis. This capital structure for project development by Cainiao Logistics is expected to result in significant financial leverage for the 48% of equity capital that we have invested in Cainiao Logistics. Cainiao Logistics has a registered capital of RMB5,000 million, out of which our 48% share is RMB2,400 million.

Payments

       Alipay provides payment and escrow services for transactions on Taobao Marketplace, Tmall, 1688.com and certain of our other sites through contractual arrangements with us. Alipay also provides payment and escrow services to third parties in China. Alipay is the principal means by which buyers and sellers settle transactions on our China retail marketplaces. We pay Alipay a fee for the payment and escrow services it provides on our marketplaces pursuant to a commercial agreement with Ant Financial Services and Alipay. For additional details on our commercial relationship with Alipay, see "Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — 

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B. Related Party Transactions — Agreements and Transactions Related to Ant Financial Services and its Subsidiaries."

       In a typical transaction on our China retail marketplaces, the buyer would have various options to pay for purchases, including with the buyer's fund balance in his or her personal Alipay account, credit card or transfers from an online bank account. Personal Alipay accounts may be funded by electronic fund transfer or pre-paid cards, as well as linked directly to the buyer's credit card or bank debit card under Alipay's "express payment" function. Whether the buyer chooses to pay with the buyer's fund balance in his or her Alipay account, credit card or bank transfer, the transaction is settled through Alipay's escrow and payment processing service — funds are transferred from the buyer to Alipay's escrow account, and Alipay releases the funds from escrow to the seller only after the buyer has confirmed receipt of goods in satisfactory condition or failed to object to the release of funds within a specified time period. Buyers and sellers may also choose to settle transactions outside of Alipay through other mutually agreed upon payment method, such as cash on delivery.

       In the twelve months ended March 31, 2015, 75% of GMV on our China retail marketplaces was settled through Alipay's escrow and payment processing services. On Tmall and Juhuasuan, we earn commissions only on transactions that are settled through Alipay.

Customer Service

Scalable customer service platform

       We trust that our customers can serve their customers better than we do, and our job is to empower them to do their job better. Our business size necessitates a highly scalable approach to customer service, and we achieve this by leveraging our ecosystem through the following methods:

    •
    We provide sellers on our marketplaces the tools that enhance their ability to directly serve buyers, including communications tools.

    •
    We have built a network of mostly university students who serve as part-time customer service representatives to support our online instant messaging service platform.

    •
    We also have a dedicated in-house team of customer service representatives focused on serving consumers and businesses on our marketplaces through telephone hotlines, real-time instant messaging and online inquiry systems.

Return and exchange policy

       With certain exceptions, consumers on our China retail marketplaces may return the purchased goods within seven days from the receipt of goods. In cases where the goods have already been delivered, we require our sellers to respond within 72 hours upon the receipt of a return request and the buyer is required to return the purchased goods within seven days from the purchase if the seller agrees to the return request. If the seller does not make the refund payment within ten days from the date when the return request is made, the refund will be transferred to the buyer's Alipay account automatically out of the escrow account for the transaction after the buyer has submitted a valid package tracking number to our system. In cases where the buyer requests a return before the goods are delivered, the refund amount will be automatically transferred to the buyer's Alipay account if the seller does not respond in five days (or three days for virtual items).

Dispute resolution

       In the case of disputes with a seller, a buyer can submit evidence through our dispute resolution system and seek compensation from the seller. In the twelve months ended March 31, 2015, we received dispute cases representing approximately 0.05% of annual orders placed on our China retail marketplaces. Our dispute resolution system leverages the collective experience of volunteers who have been buyers and sellers on our China retail marketplaces for at least one year to serve on an adjudication panel, which reviews cases and make

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deliberations through an online forum. The determination of the panel is final and provides an easy way for buyers and sellers to resolve their disputes. More significant disputes are referred to our customer service representatives.

Consumer Protection and Transaction Platform Safety Programs

Consumer Protection Program

       Consumer protection fund.     We believe every consumer has the right to safety and protection from false and misleading claims. We encourage our sellers to make product quality a priority and have set up various programs to this end such as the following:

    •
    Tmall.   All Tmall sellers are required to contribute to and maintain a consumer protection fund for the benefit of buyers. Consumer protection fund deposit requirements range from RMB50,000 to RMB150,000 for standard storefronts and in some instances are higher depending on the number of brands represented. For Tmall Global sellers, the consumer protection fund requirement is typically US$25,000 for standard storefronts. All Tmall merchants (including Tmall sellers) are required to sign agreements with us authorizing us to make deductions from their Alipay or designated bank accounts in the event of confirmed consumer claims.

    This requirement is in addition to the significant annual upfront service fees sellers are required to pay us to open storefronts on Tmall, which function as one of the entry barriers to low quality sellers. In order to open a storefront on Tmall, a seller must either be on our pre-approved list of brands or authorized resellers or must pass evaluation by our product category team. The prospective seller must also present a business license, tax registration certificate and trademark registration information or evidence of its authorization to sell branded products, among other evidence of legitimacy and quality. To stay on Tmall for a subsequent year, sellers are required to have met certain customer service and operating capability benchmarks in the previous year.

    •
    Taobao Marketplace.   Sellers on Taobao Marketplace are required to offer certain consumer protection measures and may also choose to participate in additional return and delivery services programs. All Taobao marketplace merchants are required to sign agreements with us authorizing us to make deductions from their Alipay accounts in the event of confirmed consumer claims. In addition, the majority of Taobao Marketplace merchants maintain individual consumer protection funds whose minimum amounts ranged from RMB1,000 to RMB10,000.

       Many sellers on both Tmall and Taobao Marketplace deposit beyond the platform minimum requirement to demonstrate their confidence in the quality of their services and products. To offer better services to consumers, some sellers make additional service commitments such as expedited shipment, free maintenance for electronics and installation services for furniture purchases. We incentivize sellers to set up customer protection funds by programming our search results to prioritize the rankings of product listings for sellers who have established these funds. In addition, the consumer protection fund amounts are displayed on the seller's information page.

       As of March 31, 2015, our China retail marketplace sellers' consumer protection funds deposited in their respective Alipay accounts in aggregate totaled over RMB15 billion.

       If the amounts in the sellers' consumer protection funds are not sufficient, we may choose to compensate buyers for such losses, although we are not legally obligated to do so.

       Measures against counterfeit products.     Counterfeiting and infringement of intellectual property, both online and offline, are problems common to China's emerging economy as a whole. We are committed to the protection of intellectual property rights and the long-running battle to eradicate counterfeit merchandise that may appear on our marketplaces. To protect consumers, brand owners and legitimate sellers and to maintain the integrity of our marketplaces, we use and will continue to enhance a broad range of measures to prevent counterfeit and pirated goods from being offered and sold on our marketplaces. Our current measures include:

    •
    identifying, issuing warnings and taking down suspected counterfeit products from our marketplaces;

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    •
    providing an online complaint platform for brand owners to report infringements;

    •
    developing models to predict risk levels of sellers and product listings based on marketplace data;

    •
    conducting random checks by using third parties to purchase suspected counterfeit products on our marketplaces;

    •
    enhancing our communication with various relevant government authorities to eradicate sources of counterfeit goods;

    •
    offering tools to buyers to confirm authenticity of the products; and

    •
    proactively cooperating with local governments to support sellers to create original brands with the aim of transforming the economic structure of cities with a high concentration of sellers of counterfeit goods.

       We have also established cooperative relationships with over 1,000 major brand owners and a large number of leading industry associations in connection with intellectual property rights protection to enhance the effectiveness of our takedown procedures and other anti-counterfeiting measures.

       We continue to refine and harness technology and data at our disposal to track and trace counterfeiters who sell on our marketplaces, in order to assist enforcement authorities in tackling the problem at its source. We are dedicated to continually refining and upgrading the anti-counterfeiting measures on our marketplaces. For example, in January 2015, we further tightened our standards on Taobao Marketplace to target seller accounts engaged in repeat infringement activities.

       We are firmly committed to combating counterfeit and fictitious activities that may occur on our marketplaces despite our best efforts because the health and integrity of our marketplaces depend on consumer trust. However, because many sellers doing business on our marketplaces depend on us for their livelihood, we have generally eschewed a "shoot-first, ask questions later" approach to handling complaints on Taobao Marketplace. When we receive complaints or allegations regarding infringement or counterfeit goods, we follow well-developed procedures to verify the nature of the complaint and the relevant facts before de-listing the items. Generally, we give sellers who have been accused of posting or selling counterfeit products up to three days to refute the allegations and provide evidence of the authenticity of the product. In April 2015, we implemented a good-faith takedown program on Taobao Marketplace that we offer to qualified rights holders. For these rights holders, we process suspected infringement takedown requests on a "good-faith" basis without requiring them to substantiate their infringement claims in advance. Currently, hundreds of brands from around the world are already part of the good-faith takedown program.

       These measures represent our evolving response to the problem of counterfeiting by sellers on our platforms, which we expect, despite our best efforts, will continue to present a challenge in the years ahead.

       Measures against fictitious transactions.     We have and will continue to invest significant resources in protecting the trust and credit system we have built on our marketplaces. We have implemented measures to prevent, detect and reduce the occurrence of fictitious transactions on Taobao Marketplace and Tmall including:

    •
    requiring the use of sellers' real identities to set up accounts with us;

    •
    analyzing transaction patterns to identify anomalies;

    •
    offering dynamic password protection and engaging in real-time monitoring of user login behavior;

    •
    enabling buyers and sellers to report suspicious transactions to us;

    •
    maintaining a "blacklist" of sellers and buyers who have been involved in fictitious transactions in the past; and

    •
    collaborating with participants in our ecosystem such as Alipay and Cainiao Logistics as well as industry partners and law enforcement authorities on Internet security.

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       Penalties.     If allegations of posting or selling counterfeit products have not been refuted or fictitious activities have been confirmed, we penalize the parties involved through a number of means including:

    •
    immediately delisting the products involved;

    •
    arranging for the seller to reimburse the buyer;

    •
    assessing penalty points against the seller or limiting its ability to add listings for a certain period;

    •
    adopting a "name and shame" policy;

    •
    imposing restrictions from participation in promotional activities on our marketplaces;

    •
    closing down storefronts; and

    •
    for Tmall sellers, confiscating the consumer protection security deposits paid. The seller is banned permanently from establishing another storefront on our marketplaces.

In appropriate circumstances we also notify the relevant law enforcement and other authorities to take legal action against the offending party, including in extreme cases criminal proceedings.

Our Technology

       Technology is key to our success in achieving efficiency for our business, improving the user experience, and enabling innovation. As of March 31, 2015, we employed a team of over 12,000 engineering and data analytic personnel engaged in building our technology platform and developing new online and mobile products. Key components of our technology include:

    Cloud Computing

       Our cloud computing platform, called Apsara, is a general purpose distributed computing platform built with proprietary technology that enable server clusters to perform with enhanced computing power. Apsara offers a suite of cloud services including elastic computing, database storage and services, and large-scale data processing services through web-based API.

    Content Delivery Network

       The technology underlying AliCDN, our content delivery network, accelerates the loading of product photographs on web pages delivered to users and offers them a fast and smooth experience.

    Data Science

       Our data science technology serves various types of data-intensive computational needs, including deep learning, high-volume batch processing and multi-variable and multi-dimensional real-time analytics. The data mining and transaction, payment and behavioral data science capabilities are used extensively in numerous applications such as search and online marketing on our marketplaces.

    Distributed Relational Database

       OceanBase, our proprietary distributed relational database management system, plays a critical role in supporting transaction processing on our marketplaces in a cost-efficient manner.

    Search and Online Marketing

       Our standard product unit, or SPU, database is built on the vast amount of items listed on Taobao Marketplace and Tmall. The comprehensive transactional and user behavior data generated on our marketplaces enable us to construct a powerful search engine that generates personalized results.

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       Our online marketing technology platform supports millions of online marketers and delivers tens of billions of online marketing impressions every day. Our online marketing technology enables us to continuously improve the effectiveness of our online marketing services for our sellers through the use of aggregated behavioral targeting data and analytics.

    Deep Learning

       Alimama utilizes cloud-based deep learning extensively to enhance the consumer targeting efficiency and return on investments for online marketers of our P4P marketing, display marketing and DMP service offerings. Supported by our Apsara cloud computing system, Alimama operates a cluster of servers that is capable of analyzing terabytes of data points for the modeling of tens of billions online advertising impressions.

    Security

       We are committed to maintaining a secure e-commerce ecosystem. Our back-end security system handles hundreds of millions of instances of malicious attacks each day to safeguard the security of our e-commerce and cloud platform.

Sales and Marketing

       We employ a variety of methods to attract potential sellers and buyers, registered users, paying members, online marketers and other ecosystem participants and promote our brands. Our user base has expanded primarily through word-of-mouth.

       We generate the majority of our revenues through online marketing services to our sellers. As these sellers are mostly participants on our marketplaces, we do not need to rely on a large sales force for our retail marketplaces. The majority of our sales staff are engaged in selling membership packages to registered members of our wholesale marketplaces through telephone sales and field sales.

Competition

       We face competition principally from established Chinese Internet companies, such as Tencent, Baidu and their respective affiliates, as well as from offline retailers, in particular those offline retailers establishing e-commerce websites. These competitors generate significant traffic and have established brand recognition, significant technological capabilities and significant financial resources. The areas in which we compete include:

    •
    Buyers  — We compete to attract, engage and retain buyers based on the variety and value of products and services listed on our marketplaces, overall user experience and convenience, online communication tools, integration with mobile and networking applications and tools, mobile apps and availability of payment settlement and logistics services.

    •
    Sellers  — We compete to attract and retain sellers based on our size and the engagement of buyers, the effectiveness and value of the marketing services we offer, commission rates and the usefulness of the services we provide including data and analytics for potential buyer targeting, cloud computing services and the availability of support services including payment settlement and logistics services.

    •
    Talent  — We compete for motivated and effective talent and personnel, including engineers and product developers to build compelling apps, tools and functions for all participants in our ecosystem.

       We also face competition from major global Internet companies. However, at this time, foreign e-commerce companies have a limited presence in China.

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Seasonality

       Our overall operating results fluctuate from quarter to quarter as a result of a variety of factors, including seasonal factors and economic cycles that influence consumer spending as well as promotional shopping activities we conduct.

       Historically, we have experienced the highest levels of revenues in the fourth calendar quarter of each year due to a number of factors, including sellers allocating a significant portion of their online marketing budgets to the fourth calendar quarter, promotions, such as Singles Day on November 11 of each year and the impact of seasonal buying patterns in respect of certain categories such as apparel. We have also experienced lower levels of revenues in the first calendar quarter of each year due to a lower level of allocation of online marketing budgets by sellers at the beginning of the calendar year and the Chinese New Year holiday, during which time consumers generally spend less and businesses in China are generally closed. In addition, seasonal weather patterns may affect the timing of buying decisions. For example, unexpectedly long periods of warm weather could delay the purchase of heavier clothing items that have higher average selling prices, resulting in lower than expected GMV. Moreover, as our business grows, we expect that our fixed costs and expenses, such as payroll and benefits, bandwidth and co-location fees, will continue to increase, which will result in operating leverage in seasonally strong quarters but can significantly pressure operating margins in seasonally weak quarters.

Regulation

       We operate in an increasingly complex legal and regulatory environment. We and our key service provider, Ant Financial Services, are subject to a variety of PRC and foreign laws, rules and regulations across a number of aspects of our business. This section summarizes the principal PRC laws, rules and regulations relevant to our business and operations. Areas in which we are subject to laws, rules and regulations outside of the PRC include data protection and privacy, consumer protection, content regulation, intellectual property, competition, taxation, anti-money laundering and anti-corruption. See "Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Industry — We and Alipay are subject to various laws and regulations, and future laws and regulations may impose additional requirements and other obligations on our business or otherwise that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations."

       Our online and mobile commerce businesses are classified as value-added telecommunication businesses by the PRC government. Current PRC laws, rules and regulations generally restrict foreign ownership in value-added telecommunication services. As a result, we operate our online and mobile commerce businesses and other businesses in which foreign investment is restricted or prohibited through the variable interest entities, each of which is owned by PRC citizens or by PRC entities owned by PRC citizens and holds all licenses associated with these businesses.

       The applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations governing value-added telecommunication services may change in the future. We may be required to obtain additional approvals, licenses and permits and to comply with any new regulatory requirements adopted from time to time. Moreover, substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of these PRC laws, rules and regulations. See "Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the People's Republic of China — There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations."

Regulation of Foreign Investment

       The Guidance Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment, or the Catalogue, the latest version of which came into effect on April 10, 2015, was promulgated and newly amended by the MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission and governs investment activities in the PRC by foreign investors. The Catalogue divides industries into three categories — "encouraged," "restricted," and "prohibited" for foreign investment. Industries not listed in the Catalogue are generally deemed as falling into a fourth category, "permitted." The businesses of our significant subsidiaries in the PRC are mainly software development, technical services and consultations, which fall into the encouraged or permitted category. Such significant subsidiaries have

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obtained all material approvals required for their business operations. However, industries such as value-added telecommunication services, including Internet information services, are restricted from foreign investment. Among our significant subsidiaries, Taobao (China) Software Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang Tmall Technology Co., Ltd. are registered in China and mainly engaged in software development, technical services and consultations, which fall into the encouraged or permitted category under the latest Catalogue. These two significant subsidiaries have obtained all material approvals required for their business operations. The Catalogue does not apply to our significant subsidiaries that are registered and domiciled in Hong Kong, the British Virgin Islands or the Cayman Islands, and operate outside China. The businesses of our other PRC subsidiaries — including PRC subsidiaries of our significant subsidiaries — are generally software development, technical services and consulting, which fall into the encouraged or permitted category. Industries such as value-added telecommunication services, including Internet information services, are generally restricted to foreign investment pursuant to the latest Catalogue amended in March 2015. We conduct business operations that are restricted or prohibited to foreign investment through our variable interest entities.

       In January 2015, the MOFCOM published a discussion draft of the proposed Foreign Investment Law, which embodies an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments. The MOFCOM has solicited comments on this draft and substantial uncertainties exist with respect to its enactment timetable, the final version, interpretation and implementation. For more details, see "Item 3 Key Information — Risks Related to our Corporate Structure — Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation of draft PRC Foreign Investment Law."

Regulation of Telecommunications and Internet Information Services

    Regulation of Telecommunication Services

       Under the Telecommunications Regulations of the PRC, or the Telecommunications Regulations, promulgated on September 25, 2000 by the State Council of the PRC and most recently amended in July 2014, a telecommunication services provider in China must obtain an operating license from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, or the MIIT, or its provincial counterparts. The Telecommunications Regulations categorize all telecommunication services in China as either basic telecommunications services or value-added telecommunications services. Our online and mobile commerce businesses are classified as value-added telecommunications services.

       Foreign investment in telecommunications businesses is governed by the State Council's Administrative Rules for Foreign Investments in Telecommunications Enterprises, or the Foreign Investment Telecommunications Rules, issued by the State Council on December 11, 2001 and amended on September 10, 2008, under which a foreign investor's beneficial equity ownership in an entity providing value-added telecommunications services in China is not permitted to exceed 50%. In addition, for a foreign investor to acquire any equity interest in a business providing value-added telecommunications services in China, it must demonstrate a positive track record and experience in providing such services. However, according to the Notice on Lifting the Restriction to Foreign Shareholding Percentage in Online Data Processing and Transaction Processing Business (Operational E-commerce) promulgated by the MIIT on June 19, 2015, foreign investors are allowed to hold up to 100% of all equity interest in the online data processing and transaction processing business (operational e-commerce) in China, while other requirements provided by the Foreign Investment Telecommunications Rules shall still apply. It is unclear how this notice will be implemented and there exist high uncertainties with respect to its interpretation and implementation by authorities. The MIIT's Notice Regarding Strengthening Administration of Foreign Investment in Operating Value-Added Telecommunication Businesses, or the MIIT Notice, issued on July 13, 2006 prohibits holders of these services licenses from leasing, transferring or selling their licenses in any form, or providing any resource, sites or facilities, to any foreign investors intending to conduct such businesses in China.

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       In addition to restricting dealings with foreign investors, the MIIT Notice contains a number of detailed requirements applicable to holders of value-added telecommunications services licenses, including that license holders or their shareholders must directly own the domain names and trademarks used in their daily operations and each license holder must possess the necessary facilities for its approved business operations and maintain such facilities in the regions covered by its license, including maintaining its network and providing Internet security in accordance with the relevant regulatory standards. The MIIT or its provincial counterpart has the power to require corrective actions after it discovers any non-compliance of the license holders, and where such license holders fail to take such steps, the MIIT or its provincial counterpart has the power to revoke the value-added telecommunications services licenses.

    Regulation of Internet Information Services

       As a subsector of the telecommunications industry, Internet information services are regulated by the Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services, or the ICP Measures, promulgated on September 25, 2000 by the State Council and amended on January 8, 2011. "Internet information services" are defined as services that provide information to online users through the Internet. Internet information services providers, also called Internet content providers, or ICPs, that provide commercial services are required to obtain an operating license from the MIIT or its provincial counterpart.

       To the extent the Internet information services provided relate to certain matters, including news, publication, education or medical and health care (including pharmaceutical products and medical equipment), approvals must also be obtained from the relevant industry regulators in accordance with the laws, rules and regulations governing those industries.

Regulation of Advertising Services

       The principal regulations governing advertising businesses in China are:

    •
    the Advertising Law of the PRC (2015, as amended);

    •
    the Advertising Administrative Regulations (1987);

    •
    the Implementing Rules for the Advertising Administrative Regulations (2004); and

    •
    the Administration Rules of Foreign-invested Advertising Enterprises (2008).

These laws, rules and regulations require companies such as ours that engage in advertising activities to obtain a business license that explicitly includes advertising in the business scope from the SAIC or its local branches.

       Applicable PRC advertising laws, rules and regulations contain certain prohibitions on the content of advertisements in China (including prohibitions on misleading content, superlative wording, socially destabilizing content or content involving obscenities, superstition, violence, discrimination or infringement of the public interest). Advertisements for anesthetic, psychotropic, toxic or radioactive drugs are prohibited, and the dissemination of advertisements of certain other products, such as tobacco, patented products, pharmaceuticals, medical instruments, agrochemicals, foodstuff, alcohol and cosmetics, are also subject to specific restrictions and requirements.

       Advertisers, advertising operators and advertising distributors, including the businesses that certain of the variable interest entities operate, are required by applicable PRC advertising laws, rules and regulations to ensure that the content of the advertisements they prepare or distribute are true and in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations. Violation of these laws, rules and regulations may result in penalties, including fines, confiscation of advertising income, orders to cease dissemination of the advertisements and orders to publish an advertisement correcting the misleading information. In circumstances involving serious violations, the SAIC or its local branches may revoke the violator's license or permit for advertising business operations. In addition, advertisers, advertising operators or advertising distributors may be subject to civil liability if they infringe the legal

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rights and interests of third parties, such as infringement of intellectual proprietary rights, unauthorized use of a name or portrait and defamation.

       Although advertising services are no longer categorized as a prohibited or restricted area for foreign investment, the Administration Rules of Foreign-invested Advertising Enterprises issued on August 22, 2008 by the SAIC and the MOFCOM, require all foreign investors of advertising enterprises to have a track record in, and mainly engage in, advertising businesses overseas. The establishment of a foreign-invested advertising enterprise is also subject to pre-approval by the SAIC or its local branch.

Regulation of Online and Mobile Commerce

       China's online and mobile commerce industry is at an early stage of development and there are few PRC laws, regulations or rules specifically regulating this industry. The SAIC adopted the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Commodities Trading and Relevant Services on May 31, 2010 and replaced those measures with the Administrative Measures for Online Trading on January 26, 2014, which became effective on March 15, 2014. The SAIC also issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Administration of Online Group Buying Operations on March 12, 2012 to subject group buying website operators to the foregoing measures, especially those relating to marketplace platform service providers. On December 24, 2014, the MOFCOM promulgated the Provisions on the Procedures for Formulating Transaction Rules of Third Party Online Retail Platforms (Trial) to regulate the formulation, revision and enforcement of transaction rules for online retail marketplace platforms. These newly issued measures impose more stringent requirements and obligations on the online trading or service operators as well as the marketplace platform providers. For example, the marketplace platform providers are obligated to make public and file its transaction rules with MOFCOM or its provincial counterparts, examine the legal status of each third-party merchant selling products or services on the platform and display on a prominent location on the web page of such merchant the information stated in the merchant's business license or a link to such business license, and a group buying website operator must only allow a third-party merchant with a proper business license to sell products or services on its platform. Where the marketplace platform providers also act as online distributors, these marketplace platform providers must make a clear distinction between their online direct sales and sales of third-party merchant products on the marketplace platform.

       Since the promulgation of the Administrative Measures for Online Trading, the SAIC has issued a number of guidelines and implementing rules aimed at adding greater specificity to these regulations. The SAIC continues to consider and issue guidelines and implementing rules, and we expect that there will be further development of regulation in this industry.

Regulation of Internet Content

       The PRC government has promulgated measures relating to Internet content through various ministries and agencies, including the MIIT, the News Office of the State Council, the Ministry of Culture and the General Administration of Press and Publication. In addition to various approval and license requirements, these measures specifically prohibit Internet activities that result in the dissemination of any content which is found to contain pornography, promote gambling or violence, instigate crimes, undermine public morality or the cultural traditions of the PRC or compromise State security or secrets. ICPs must monitor and control the information posted on their websites. If any prohibited content is found, they must remove such content immediately, keep a record of it and report to the relevant authorities. If an ICP violates these measures, the PRC government may impose fines and revoke any relevant business operation licenses.

Regulation of Internet Security

       The Decision in Relation to Protection of the Internet Security enacted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China on December 28, 2000 provides that the following activities conducted through the Internet are subject to criminal punishment:

    •
    gaining improper entry into a computer or system of strategic importance;

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    •
    disseminating politically disruptive information or obscenities;

    •
    leaking State secrets;

    •
    spreading false commercial information; or

    •
    infringing intellectual property rights.

       The Administrative Measures on the Security Protection of Computer Information Network with International Connections, issued by the Ministry of Public Security on December 16, 1997 and amended on January 8, 2011, prohibit the use of the Internet in a manner that would result in the leakage of State secrets or the spread of socially destabilizing content. If a value-added telecommunications services license holder violates these measures, the Ministry of Public Security and the local security bureaus may revoke its operating license and shut down its websites.

Regulation of Privacy Protection

       Under the ICP Measures, ICPs are prohibited from producing, copying, publishing or distributing information that is humiliating or defamatory to others or that infringes upon the lawful rights and interests of others. Depending on the nature of the violation, ICPs may face criminal charges or sanctions by PRC security authorities for such acts, and may be ordered to suspend temporarily their services or have their licenses revoked.

       Under the Several Provisions on Regulating the Market Order of Internet Information Services, issued by the MIIT on December 29, 2011, ICPs are also prohibited from collecting any user personal information or providing any such information to third parties without the consent of a user. ICPs must expressly inform the users of the method, content and purpose of the collection and processing of such user personal information and may only collect such information necessary for its services. ICPs are also required to properly maintain the user personal information, and in case of any leak or likely leak of the user personal information, ICPs must take remedial measures immediately and report any material leak to the telecommunications regulatory authority.

       In addition, the Decision on Strengthening Network Information Protection promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on December 28, 2012 emphasizes the need to protect electronic information that contains individual identification information and other private data. The decision requires ICPs to establish and publish policies regarding the collection and use of personal electronic information and to take necessary measures to ensure the security of the information and to prevent leakage, damage or loss. Furthermore, MIIT's Rules on Protection of Personal Information of Telecommunications and Internet Users promulgated on July 16, 2013 contain detailed requirements on the use and collection of personal information as well as the security measures to be taken by ICPs.

       The PRC government retains the power and authority to order ICPs to provide an Internet user's personal information if such user posts any prohibited content or engages in any illegal activities through the Internet.

Regulation of Consumer Protection

       Our online and mobile commerce business is subject to a variety of consumer protection laws, including the PRC Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Law, as amended and effective as of March 15, 2014, and the Administrative Measures for Online Trading, both of which have provided stringent requirements and obligations on business operators, including Internet business operators and platform service providers like us. For example, consumers are entitled to return goods purchased online, subject to certain exceptions, within seven days upon receipt of such goods for no reason. To ensure that sellers and service providers comply with these laws and regulations, we, as platform operators, are required to implement rules governing transactions on our platform, monitor the information posted by sellers and service providers, and report any violations by such sellers or service providers to the relevant authorities. In addition, online marketplace platform providers may, pursuant to PRC consumer protection laws, be exposed to liabilities if the lawful rights and interests of consumers are infringed in connection with consumers' purchase of goods or acceptance of services on online marketplace platforms and the

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platform service providers fail to provide consumers with the contact information of the seller or manufacturer. In addition, platform service providers may be jointly and severally liable with sellers and manufacturers if they are aware or should be aware that the seller or manufacturer is using the online platform to infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of consumers and fail to take measures necessary to prevent or stop such activity.

       Failure to comply with these consumer protection laws could subject us to administrative sanctions, such as the issuance of a warning, confiscation of illegal income, imposition of a fine, an order to cease business operations, revocation of business licenses, as well as potential civil or criminal liabilities.

Regulation of Pricing

       In China, the prices of a very small number of products and services are guided or fixed by the government. According to the Pricing Law, business operators must, as required by the government departments in charge of pricing, mark the prices explicitly and indicate the name, origin of production, specifications, and other related particulars clearly. Business operators may not sell products at a premium or charge any fees that are not explicitly indicated. Business operators must not commit the specified unlawful pricing activities, such as colluding with others to manipulate the market price, providing fraudulent discounted price information, using false or misleading prices to deceive consumers to transact, or conducting price discrimination against other business operators. Failure to comply with the Pricing Law or other rules or regulations on pricing may subject business operators to administrative sanctions such as warning, orders to cease unlawful activities, payment of compensation to consumers, confiscation of illegal gains, and/or fines. The business operators may be ordered to suspend business for rectification, or have their business licenses revoked if the circumstances are severe. Merchants on Tmall and Taobao Marketplace undertake the primary obligation under the Pricing Law. However, in some cases, we have been and may in the future be held liable and be subject to fines or other penalties if the authorities determine that, as the platform operator, our guidance for platform-wide promotional activities resulted in unlawful pricing activities by the sellers on our platform or if the pricing information we provided for platform-wide promotional activities was determined to be untrue or misleading.

Regulation of Intellectual Property Rights

       Patent.     Patents in the PRC are principally protected under the Patent Law of the PRC. The duration of a patent right is either 10 years or 20 years from the date of application, depending on the type of patent right.

       Copyright.     Copyright in the PRC, including copyrighted software, is principally protected under the Copyright Law of the PRC and related rules and regulations. Under the Copyright Law, the term of protection for copyrighted software is 50 years.

       Trademark.     Registered trademarks are protected under the Trademark Law of the PRC and related rules and regulations. Trademarks are registered with the Trademark Office of the SAIC. Where registration is sought for a trademark that is identical or similar to another trademark which has already been registered or given preliminary examination and approval for use in the same or similar category of commodities or services, the application for registration of such trademark may be rejected. Trademark registrations are effective for a renewable ten-year period, unless otherwise revoked.

       Domain names.     Domain name registrations are handled through domain name service agencies established under the relevant regulations, and applicants become domain name holders upon successful registration.

Regulation of Anti-counterfeiting

       According to the Trademark Law of the PRC, counterfeit or unauthorized production of the label of another person's registered trademark, or sale of any label that is counterfeited or produced without authorization will be deemed as an infringement of the exclusive right to use a registered trademark. The infringing party will be ordered to cease infringement immediately, a fine may be imposed and the counterfeit goods will be confiscated. The infringing party may also be held liable for damages suffered by the owner of the intellectual property rights,

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which will be equal to the gains obtained by the infringing party or the losses suffered by such owner as a result of the infringement, including reasonable expenses incurred by such owner in connection with enforcing its rights.

       Under the Tort Liability Law of the PRC, an Internet service provider may be subject to joint liability if it is aware that an Internet user is infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others through its Internet services, such as selling counterfeit products, and fails to take necessary measures to stop that activity. If an Internet service provider receives a notice from an infringed party regarding an infringement, the Internet service provider is required to take certain measures, including deleting, blocking and unlinking the infringing content, in a timely manner.

       In addition, under the Administrative Measures for Online Trading issued by the SAIC on January 26, 2014, as an operator of an online trading platform, we must adopt measures to ensure safe online transactions, protect consumers' rights and prevent trademark infringement.

Tax Regulations

    PRC Enterprise Income Tax

       The PRC enterprise income tax, or EIT, is calculated based on the taxable income determined under the applicable EIT Law and its implementation rules, which became effective on January 1, 2008. The EIT Law imposes a uniform enterprise income tax rate of 25% on all resident enterprises in China, including foreign-invested enterprises.

       The EIT Law and its implementation rules permit certain High and New Technologies Enterprises, or HNTEs, to enjoy a reduced 15% enterprise income tax rate subject to these HNTEs meeting certain qualification criteria. In addition, the relevant EIT laws and regulations also provide that entities recognized as Software Enterprises are able to enjoy a tax holiday consisting of a 2-year-exemption commencing from their first profitable calendar year and a 50% reduction in ordinary tax rate in the subsequent three calendar years, while entities qualified as Key Software Enterprises can enjoy a preferential EIT rate of 10%. A number of our PRC subsidiaries and operating entities enjoy these types of preferential tax treatment. See "Item 10. Additional Information — E. Taxation — People's Republic of China Taxation."

       Uncertainties exist with respect to how the EIT Law applies to the tax residence status of Alibaba Group and our offshore subsidiaries. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with a "de facto management body" within China is considered a "resident enterprise," which means that it is treated in the same manner as a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes. Although the implementation rules of the EIT Law define "de facto management body" as a managing body that exercises substantive and overall management and control over the production and business, personnel, accounting books and assets of an enterprise, the only official guidance for this definition currently available is set forth in Circular 82 issued by the State Administration of Taxation, which provides guidance on the determination of the tax residence status of a Chinese-controlled offshore incorporated enterprise, defined as an enterprise that is incorporated under the laws of a foreign country or territory and that has a PRC enterprise or enterprise group as its primary controlling shareholder. Although Alibaba Group Holding Limited does not have a PRC enterprise or enterprise group as our primary controlling shareholder and is therefore not a Chinese-controlled offshore incorporated enterprise within the meaning of Circular 82, in the absence of guidance specifically applicable to us, we have applied the guidance set forth in Circular 82 to evaluate the tax residence status of Alibaba Group and our subsidiaries organized outside the PRC.

       According to Circular 82, a Chinese-controlled offshore incorporated enterprise will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having a "de facto management body" in China and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its worldwide income only if all of the following criteria are met:

    •
    the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in the PRC;

    •
    decisions relating to the enterprise's financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in the PRC;

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    •
    the enterprise's primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholders meeting minutes are located or maintained in the PRC; and

    •
    50% or more of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC.

       We do not believe that we meet any of the conditions outlined in the immediately preceding paragraph. Alibaba Group Holding Limited and our offshore subsidiaries are incorporated outside the PRC. As a holding company, our key assets and records, including the resolutions and meeting minutes of our board of directors and the resolutions and meeting minutes of our shareholders, are located and maintained outside the PRC. In addition, we are not aware of any offshore holding companies with a corporate structure similar to ours that have been deemed a PRC "resident enterprise" by the PRC tax authorities. Accordingly, we believe that Alibaba Group Holding Limited and our offshore subsidiaries should not be treated as a "resident enterprise" for PRC tax purposes if the criteria for "de facto management body" as set forth in Circular 82 were deemed applicable to us. However, as the tax residency status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term "de facto management body" as applicable to our offshore entities, we will continue to monitor our tax status. See "Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the People's Republic of China — We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income tax on our global income."

       In the event that Alibaba Group Holding Limited or any of our offshore subsidiaries is considered to be a PRC resident enterprise:

    •
    Alibaba Group Holding Limited or our offshore subsidiaries, as the case may be, may be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on our worldwide taxable income;

    •
    dividend income that Alibaba Group Holding Limited or our offshore subsidiaries, as the case may be, received from our PRC subsidiaries may be exempt from the PRC withholding tax; and

    •
    dividends paid to our overseas shareholders or ADS holders who are non-PRC resident enterprises as well as gains realized by such shareholders or ADS holders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may be regarded as PRC-sourced income and as a result be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of up to 10%, subject to any reduction or exemption set forth in relevant tax treaties, and similarly, dividends paid to our overseas shareholders or ADS holders who are non-PRC resident individuals, as well as gains realized by such shareholders or ADS holders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs, may be regarded as PRC-sourced income and as a result be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 20%, subject to any reduction or exemption set forth in relevant tax treaties.

       Under Bulletin 7 issued by the State Administration of Taxation on February 3, 2015, which replaced or supplemented certain previous rules under Circular 698, an "indirect transfer" of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident enterprises may be re-characterized and treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. According to Bulletin 7, "PRC taxable assets" include assets attributed to an establishment in China, immoveable properties in China, and equity investments in PRC resident enterprises. In respect of an indirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment, the relevant gain is to be regarded as effectively connected with the PRC establishment and therefore included in its enterprise income tax filing, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relates to the immoveable properties in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not effectively connected to a PRC establishment of a non-resident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax at 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similar arrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. There is uncertainty as to the implementation details of Bulletin 7. Especially as Bulletin 7 is promulgated recently, it is not clear how it will be implemented. If Bulletin 7 was determined by the tax authorities

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to be applicable to some of our transactions involving PRC taxable assets, our offshore subsidiaries conducting the relevant transactions might be required to spend valuable resources to comply with Bulletin 7 or to establish that the relevant transactions should not be taxed under Bulletin 7, which may materially and adversely affect us. See "Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the People's Republic of China — We and our shareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises or other assets attributed to a PRC establishment of a non-PRC company, or immovable properties located in China owned by their non-PRC holding companies."

       Where the payers fail to withhold any or sufficient tax, the non-PRC residents, as the transferors, are required to declare and pay such taxes to the tax authorities on their own within the statutory time limit. Failure to comply with the tax payment obligations by the non-PRC residents will result in penalties, including full payment of taxes owed, fines and default interest on those taxes.

    PRC Business Tax and Value-Added Tax

       Before August 2013 and pursuant to applicable PRC tax regulations, any entity or individual conducting business in the service industry is generally required to pay a business tax at the rate of 5% on the revenues generated from providing such services. However, if the services provided are related to technology development and transfer, such business tax may be exempted subject to approval by the relevant tax authorities.

       In November 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated the Pilot Plan for Imposition of Value-Added Tax to Replace Business Tax. In May and December 2013 and April 2014, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation promulgated Circular 37, Circular 106 and Circular 43 to further expand the scope of services which are to be subject to Value-Added Tax, or VAT, instead of business tax. Pursuant to these tax rules, from August 1, 2013, a VAT will be imposed to replace the business tax in certain service industries, including technology services and advertising services, on a nationwide basis. A VAT rate of 6% applies to revenue derived from the provision of certain services. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input VAT paid on taxable purchases against the output VAT chargeable on the revenue from services provided. Accordingly, although the 6% VAT rate is higher than the previously applicable 5% business tax rate, no materially different tax cost to us has resulted nor do we expect to result from the replacement of the business tax with a VAT on our services.

Regulation of Foreign Exchange and Dividend Distribution

    Foreign Exchange Regulation

       The principal regulations governing foreign currency exchange in China are the Regulations on Foreign Exchange Administration of the PRC. Under the PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, such as profit distributions and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, may be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. By contrast, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of foreign currency-denominated loans or foreign currency is to be remitted into China under the capital account, such as a capital increase or foreign currency loans to our PRC subsidiaries.

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       In August 2008, SAFE issued the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 142, regulating the conversion by a foreign-invested enterprise of foreign currency-registered capital into RMB by restricting how the converted RMB may be used. In addition, SAFE promulgated Circular 45 on November 9, 2011 in order to clarify the application of SAFE Circular 142. Under SAFE Circular 142 and Circular 45, the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise may only be used for purposes within the business scope approved by the applicable government authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC. In addition, SAFE strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of foreign-invested enterprises. The use of such RMB capital may not be changed without SAFE's approval, and such RMB capital may not in any case be used to repay RMB loans if the proceeds of such loans have not been used.

       Since SAFE Circular 142 has been in place for more than five years, SAFE decided to further reform the foreign exchange administration system in order to satisfy and facilitate the business and capital operations of foreign invested enterprises, and issued the Circular on the Relevant Issues Concerning the Launch of Reforming Trial of the Administration Model of the Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises in Certain Areas on August 4, 2014. This circular suspends the application of SAFE Circular 142 in certain areas and allows a foreign-invested enterprise registered in such areas with a business scope including "investment" to use the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital for equity investments within the PRC. On April 9, 2015, SAFE released the Notice on the Reform of the Administration Method for the Settlement of Foreign Exchange Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, which came into force and superseded SAFE Circular 142 on June 1, 2015. Circular 19 allows foreign invested enterprises to settle their foreign exchange capital on a discretionary basis according to the actual needs of their business operation and provides the procedures for foreign invested companies to use Renminbi converted from foreign currency-denominated capital for equity investment. Nevertheless, Circular 19 also reiterates the principle that Renminbi converted from foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Since Circular 19 was only recently promulgated, there are uncertainties on how it will be interpreted and implemented in practice.

       In November 2012, SAFE promulgated the Circular of Further Improving and Adjusting Foreign Exchange Administration Policies on Foreign Direct Investment, which substantially amends and simplifies the current foreign exchange procedure. Pursuant to this circular, the opening of various special purpose foreign exchange accounts, such as pre-establishment expenses accounts, foreign exchange capital accounts and guarantee accounts, the reinvestment of RMB proceeds by foreign investors in the PRC, and remittance of foreign exchange profits and dividends by a foreign-invested enterprise to its foreign shareholders no longer require the approval or verification of SAFE, and multiple capital accounts for the same entity may be opened in different provinces, which was not possible previously. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Printing and Distributing the Provisions on Foreign Exchange Administration over Domestic Direct Investment by Foreign Investors and the Supporting Documents in May 2013, which specifies that the administration by SAFE or its local branches over direct investment by foreign investors in the PRC shall be conducted by way of registration and banks shall process foreign exchange business relating to the direct investment in the PRC based on the registration information provided by SAFE and its branches. In February 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular of Further Simplifying and Improving the Policies of Foreign Exchange Administration Applicable to Direct Investment, or SAFE Circular 13, which became effective on June 1, 2015. Under SAFE Circular 13, the current foreign exchange procedures will be further simplified, and foreign exchange registrations of direct investment will be handled by the banks designated by the foreign exchange authority instead of SAFE and its branches.

       We typically do not need to use our offshore foreign currency to fund our PRC operations. In the event we need to do so, we will apply to obtain the relevant approvals of SAFE and other PRC government authorities as necessary.

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    SAFE Circular 37

       SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents' Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as "SAFE Circular 75" promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of SAFE in connection with their direct establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents' legally owned assets or equity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a "special purpose vehicle." SAFE Circular 37 further requires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capital contributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in a special purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profit distributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent cross-border foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted in its ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Furthermore, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. On February 13, 2015, SAFE released SAFE Circular 13, under which local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration for overseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, from June 1, 2015. However, since the notice came into force recently, there exist substantial uncertainties with respect to its interpretation and implementation by governmental authorities and banks.

       We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRC residents of their filing obligation, and we have periodically filed SAFE Circular 75 reports prior to the promulgation of SAFE Circular 37, on behalf of certain employee shareholders whom we know are PRC residents. However, we may not be aware of the identities of all our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. In addition, we do not have control over our beneficial owners and cannot assure you that all of our PRC resident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their SAFE registrations in a timely manner pursuant to SAFE Circular 37 or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions. Failure to register or amend the registration may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries or receive dividends or other distributions from our PRC subsidiaries or other proceeds from disposal of our PRC subsidiaries, or we may be penalized by SAFE.

    Share Option Rules

       Under the Administration Measures on Individual Foreign Exchange Control issued by the PBOC on December 25, 2006, all foreign exchange matters involved in employee share ownership plans and share option plans in which PRC citizens participate require approval from SAFE or its authorized branch. Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas non-publicly-listed companies may submit applications to SAFE or its local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. In addition, under the Notices on Issues concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Share Incentive Plans of Overseas Publicly-Listed Companies, or the Share Option Rules, issued by SAFE on February 15, 2012, PRC residents who are granted shares or share options by companies listed on overseas stock exchanges under share incentive plans are required to (i) register with SAFE or its local branches, (ii) retain a qualified PRC agent, which may be a PRC subsidiary of the overseas listed company or another qualified institution selected by the PRC subsidiary, to conduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the share incentive plans on behalf of the participants, and (iii) retain an overseas institution to handle matters in connection with their exercise of share options, purchase and sale of shares or interests and funds transfers.

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    Regulation of Dividend Distribution

       The principal laws, rules and regulations governing dividend distribution by foreign-invested enterprises in the PRC are the Company Law of the PRC, as amended, the Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law and its implementation regulations and the Chinese-foreign Equity Joint Venture Law and its implementation regulations. Under these laws, rules and regulations, foreign-invested enterprises may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profit, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Both PRC domestic companies and wholly-foreign owned PRC enterprises are required to set aside as general reserves at least 10% of their after-tax profit, until the cumulative amount of such reserves reaches 50% of their registered capital. A PRC company is not permitted to distribute any profits until any losses from prior fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed together with distributable profits from the current fiscal year.

Labor Laws and Social Insurance

       Pursuant to the PRC Labor Law and the PRC Labor Contract Law, employers must execute written labor contracts with full-time employees. All employers must comply with local minimum wage standards. Violations of the PRC Labor Contract Law and the PRC Labor Law may result in the imposition of fines and other administrative and criminal liability in the case of serious violations.

       In addition, according to the PRC Social Insurance Law and the Regulations on the Administration of Housing Funds, employers in China must provide employees with welfare schemes covering pension insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance, work-related injury insurance, medical insurance and housing funds.

Anti-monopoly Law

       The PRC Anti-monopoly Law, which took effect on August 1, 2008, prohibits monopolistic conduct, such as entering into monopoly agreements, abuse of dominant market position and concentration of undertakings that have the effect of eliminating or restricting competition.

    Monopoly Agreement

       Competing business operators may not enter into monopoly agreements that eliminate or restrict competition, such as by boycotting transactions, fixing or changing the price of commodities, limiting the output of commodities, fixing the price of commodities for resale to third parties, among others, unless such agreement will satisfy the exemptions under the Anti-monopoly Law, such as improving technologies or increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of small and medium-sized undertakings. Sanctions for violations include an order to cease the relevant activities, and confiscation of illegal gains and fines (from 1% to 10% of sales revenue from the previous year, or RMB500,000 if the intended monopoly agreement has not been performed).

    Abuse of Dominant Market Position

       A business operator with a dominant market position may not abuse its dominant market position to conduct acts, such as selling commodities at unfairly high prices or buying commodities at unfairly low prices, selling products at prices below cost without any justifiable cause, and refusing to trade with a trading party without any justifiable cause. Sanctions for violation of the prohibition on the abuse of dominant market position include an order to cease the relevant activities, confiscation of the illegal gains and fines (from 1% to 10% of sales revenue from the previous year).

    Concentration of Undertakings

       Where a concentration of undertakings reaches the declaration threshold stipulated by the State Council, a declaration must be approved by the anti-monopoly authority before the parties implement the concentration. Concentration refers to (1) a merger of undertakings; (2) acquiring control over other undertakings by acquiring

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equities or assets; or (3) acquisition of control over, or the possibility of exercising decisive influence on, an undertaking by contract or by any other means. If business operators fail to comply with the mandatory declaration requirement, the anti-monopoly authority is empowered to terminate and/or unwind the transaction, dispose of relevant assets, shares or businesses within certain periods and impose fines of up to RMB500,000.

       See "Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Industry — We may become the target of anti-monopoly and unfair competition claims, which may result in our being subject to fines as well as constraints on our business."

Regulation Applicable to Alipay

    Regulation of Non-financial Institution Payment Services

       According to the Administrative Measures for the Payment Services Provided by Non-financial Institutions, or the Payment Services Measures, promulgated by the PBOC on June 14, 2010 and effective as of September 1, 2010, a payment institution, a non-financial institution providing monetary transfer services as an intermediary between payees and payers, including online payment, issuance and acceptance of prepaid cards or bank cards, and other payment services specified by the PBOC, is required to obtain a payment business license. Any non- financial institution or individual engaged in the payment business without such license may be ordered to cease its payment services and be subject to administrative sanctions and even criminal liabilities. Applications for payment business licenses are examined by the local branches of the PBOC and then submitted to the PBOC for approval. The registered capital of an applicant that engages in a nationwide payment business must be at least RMB100 million, while that of an applicant engaging in a payment business within a province must be at least RMB30 million.

       A payment institution is required to conduct its business within the scope of business indicated in its payment business license, and may not undertake any business beyond that scope or outsource its payment business. No payment institution may transfer, lease or lend its payment business license.

       In addition, on January 20, 2015, the SAFE promulgated the Guiding Opinions on the Pilot Services of Cross-Border Foreign Exchange Payment by Payment Institutions, or the Guiding Opinions, which replaced the previous guiding opinion issued by SAFE on February 1, 2013. Pursuant to the Guiding Opinions, a payment institution is required to obtain approval from the SAFE in order to engage in pilot cross-border foreign exchange payment services and may only provide cross-border foreign exchange payment services for trade in goods or trade in services with real and legitimate transaction background. The payment institution must also verify the real names and identity information of the customers involved in the cross-border transactions, maintain records of the relevant transactions and make monthly reports to the local branch of the SAFE.

       We rely on Alipay to provide payment services on our marketplaces and Alipay has obtained a payment business license from the PBOC as well as approval for cross-border foreign exchange payment services from the SAFE.

    Anti-money Laundering Regulations

       The PRC Anti-money Laundering Law, which became effective on January 1, 2007, sets forth the principal anti-money laundering requirements applicable to both financial and non-financial institutions with anti-money laundering obligations, such as Alipay, including the adoption of precautionary and supervisory measures, establishment of various systems for client identification, preservation of clients' identification information and transactions records, and reports on block transactions and suspicious transactions. The Payment Services Measures also require that the payment institution follow the rules associated with anti-money laundering and comply with their anti-money laundering obligations.

       In addition, the PBOC promulgated the Administrative Measures for Payment Institutions Regarding Anti-money Laundering and Counter Terrorism Financing on March 5, 2012, or the Anti-money Laundering Measures, according to which the payment institution must establish and improve unified anti-money laundering internal control systems and file such systems with the local branch of the PBOC. The Anti-money Laundering

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Measures also require the payment institution to set up an anti-money laundering department or designate an internal department to be responsible for anti-money laundering and counter terrorism financing work.

       In the future, if Alipay expands its business internationally, it may become subject to additional laws, rules and regulations of the jurisdictions in which it chooses to operate. These regulatory regimes may be complex and require extensive time and resources to ensure compliance.

C.    Organizational Structure

       We conduct our business operations across approximately 320 subsidiaries and other consolidated entities. The chart below summarizes our corporate legal structure and identifies the significant subsidiaries described in "— A. History and Development of the Company," as well as our variable interest entities that are material to our business and the number of their respective subsidiaries, as of March 31, 2015:

GRAPHIC

(1)
Includes approximately 90 subsidiaries and consolidated entities incorporated in China and approximately 130 subsidiaries incorporated in other jurisdictions that are not illustrated in this chart. In addition, the entities pictured in this chart hold, directly and indirectly, an aggregate of approximately 40 additional subsidiaries and consolidated entities incorporated in China and approximately 40 additional subsidiaries incorporated outside of China not pictured in the chart.
(2)
Primarily involved in the operation of Taobao Marketplace.
(3)
Primarily involved in the operation of Tmall and Juhuasuan.
(4)
Primarily involved in the operation of Alimama.
(5)
Primarily involved in the operation of Alibaba.com, 1688.com and AliExpress.
(6)
Primarily involved in the operation of cloud computing services.
(7)
Each of these variable interest entities is 80%-owned by Jack Ma and 20%-owned by Simon Xie, other than Zhejiang Taobao Network Co., Ltd., which is 90%-owned by Jack Ma and 10%-owned by Simon Xie.

Contractual Arrangements among Our Wholly-foreign Owned Enterprises, Variable Interest Entities and the Variable Interest Entity Equity Holders

       Due to PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership and investment in, among other areas, value-added telecommunications services, which include the operations of Internet content providers, or ICPs, we, similar to all

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other entities with foreign-incorporated holding company structures operating in our industry in China, operate our Internet businesses and other businesses in which foreign investment is restricted or prohibited in the PRC through wholly-foreign owned enterprises, majority-owned entities and variable interest entities. The relevant variable interest entities, which are incorporated in the PRC and 100% owned by PRC citizens or by PRC entities owned by PRC citizens, where applicable, hold the ICP licenses and other regulated licenses and operate our Internet businesses and other businesses in which foreign investment is restricted or prohibited. Specifically, our variable interest entities that are material to our business are Zhejiang Taobao Network Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Tmall Network Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Ali Technology Co., Ltd. and Alibaba Cloud Computing Ltd. Each of these variable interest entities other than Zhejiang Taobao Network Co., Ltd. is 80%-owned by Jack Ma, our lead founder, executive chairman and one of our principal shareholders, and 20%-owned by Simon Xie, one of our founders. Zhejiang Taobao Network Co., Ltd. is 90%-owned by Jack Ma and 10%-owned by Simon Xie. We have entered into certain contractual arrangements, as described in more detail below, which collectively enable us to exercise effective control over the variable interest entities and realize substantially all of the economic risks and benefits arising from, the variable interest entities. As a result, we include the financial results of each of the variable interest entities in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP as if they were our wholly-owned subsidiaries.

       Other than the ICP licenses and other licenses and approvals for businesses in which foreign ownership is restricted or prohibited held by our variable interest entities, we hold our material assets in, and conduct our material operations through, our wholly-foreign owned and majority-owned enterprises, which primarily provide technology and other services to our customers. We generate the significant majority of our revenue directly through our wholly-foreign owned enterprises, which directly capture the profits and associated cash flow from operations without having to rely on contractual arrangements to transfer such cash flow from the variable interest entities to the wholly-foreign owned enterprises.

       The following diagram is a simplified illustration of the ownership structure and contractual arrangements that we typically have in place for our variable interest entities:

GRAPHIC

       The following is a summary of the common contractual arrangements that provide us with effective control of our material variable interest entities and that enable us to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from their operations.

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Contracts that give us effective control of the variable interest entities

       Loan Agreements.     Pursuant to the relevant loan agreement, the respective wholly-foreign owned enterprise has granted an interest-free loan to the relevant variable interest entity equity holders, which may only be used for the purpose of a capital contribution to the relevant variable interest entity or as may be otherwise agreed by the wholly-foreign owned enterprise. The wholly-foreign owned enterprise may require acceleration of repayment at its absolute discretion. When the variable interest entity equity holders make early repayment of the outstanding amount, the wholly-foreign owned enterprise or a third party designated by it may purchase the equity interests in the variable interest entity at a price equal to the outstanding amount of the loan, subject to any applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations. The variable interest entity equity holders undertake not to enter into any prohibited transactions in relation to the variable interest entity, including the transfer of any business, material assets, intellectual property rights or equity interests in the variable interest entity to any third party. The parties to the loan agreement for each of our material variable interest entities are Jack Ma and Simon Xie on the one hand, and Taobao (China) Software Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Tmall Technology Co., Ltd., Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Alimama Technology Co., Ltd. and Alisoft (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., the respective wholly-foreign owned enterprise on the other hand.

       Exclusive Call Option Agreements.     The variable interest entity equity holders have granted the wholly-foreign owned enterprise an exclusive call option to purchase their equity interest in the variable interest entity at an exercise price equal to the higher of (i) the registered capital in the variable interest entity; and (ii) the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC laws. Each relevant variable interest entity has further granted the relevant wholly-foreign owned enterprise an exclusive call option to purchase its assets at an exercise price equal to the book value of the assets or the minimum price as permitted by applicable PRC law, whichever is higher. The wholly-foreign owned enterprise may nominate another entity or individual to purchase the equity interest or assets, if applicable, under the call options. Each call option is exercisable subject to the condition that applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations do not prohibit completion of the transfer of the equity interest or assets pursuant to the call option. Each wholly-foreign owned enterprise is entitled to all dividends and other distributions declared by the variable interest entity, and the variable interest entity equity holders have agreed to give up their rights to receive any distributions or proceeds from the disposal of their equity interests in the variable interest entity which are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the variable interest entity, and to pay any such distributions or premium to the wholly-foreign owned enterprise. The exclusive call option agreements remain in effect until the equity interest or assets that are the subject of such agreements are transferred to the wholly foreign owned enterprise. The parties to the exclusive call option agreement for each of our material variable interest entities are Jack Ma and Simon Xie as the variable interest entity equity holders, the relevant variable interest entity and its corresponding wholly-foreign owned enterprise.

       Proxy Agreements.     Pursuant to the relevant Proxy Agreement, each of the variable interest entity equity holders irrevocably authorizes any person designated by the wholly-foreign owned enterprise to exercise his rights as an equity holder of the variable interest entity, including the right to attend and vote at equity holders' meetings and appoint directors. The parties to the proxy agreement for each of our material variable interest entities are Jack Ma and Simon Xie as the variable interest entity equity holders, the relevant variable interest entity and its corresponding wholly-foreign owned enterprise.

       Equity Pledge Agreements.     Pursuant to the relevant equity pledge agreement, the relevant variable interest entity equity holders have pledged all of their interests in the equity of the variable interest entity as a continuing first priority security interest in favor of the corresponding wholly-foreign owned enterprise to secure the outstanding amounts advanced under the relevant loan agreements described above and to secure the performance of obligations by the variable interest entity and/or its equity holders under the other structure contracts. Each wholly-foreign owned enterprise is entitled to exercise its right to dispose of the variable interest entity equity holders' pledged interests in the equity of the variable interest entity and has priority in receiving payment by the application of proceeds from the auction or sale of such pledged interests, in the event of any breach or default under the loan agreement or other structure contracts, if applicable. These equity pledge agreements remain in

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force for the duration of the relevant loan agreement and other structure contracts. The parties to the equity pledge agreement for each of our material variable interest entities are Jack Ma and Simon Xie as the variable interest entity equity holders, the relevant variable interest entity and its corresponding wholly-foreign owned enterprise. All of the equity pledges relating to our material variable interest entities have been registered with the relevant office of the Administration for Industry and Commerce in China.

Contracts that enable us to receive substantially all of the economic benefits from the variable interest entities

       Exclusive Technical Services Agreements.     Each relevant variable interest entity has entered into an exclusive technical services agreement with the respective wholly-foreign owned enterprise, pursuant to which the relevant wholly-foreign owned enterprise provides exclusive technical services to the variable interest entity. In exchange, the variable interest entity pays a service fee to the wholly-foreign owned enterprise which typically amount to what would be substantially all of the variable interest entity's pre-tax profit (absent the service fee), resulting in a transfer of substantially all of the profits from the variable interest entity to the wholly-foreign owned enterprise.

       The exclusive call option agreements described above also entitle the wholly-foreign owned enterprise to all dividends and other distributions declared by the variable interest entity and to any distributions or proceeds from the disposal by the variable interest entity equity holders of their equity interests in the variable interest entity that are in excess of the original registered capital that they contributed to the variable interest entity.

       In the opinion of Fangda Partners, our PRC legal counsel:

    •
    the ownership structures of our material wholly-foreign owned enterprises and our material variable interest entities in China do not and will not violate any applicable PRC law, regulation, or rule currently in effect; and

    •
    the contractual arrangements between our material wholly-foreign owned enterprises, our material variable interest entities and the variable interest entity equity holders governed by PRC laws are valid, binding and enforceable in accordance with their terms and applicable PRC laws, rules, and regulations currently in effect, and will not violate any applicable PRC law, regulation, or rule currently in effect.

       However, we have been further advised by our PRC legal counsel, Fangda Partners, that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, rules and regulations. Accordingly, the PRC regulatory authorities may in the future take a view that is contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel. We have been further advised by our PRC legal counsel that if the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our Internet-based business do not comply with PRC government restrictions on foreign investment in the aforesaid business we engage in, we could be subject to severe penalties including being prohibited from continuing operations. See "Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure."

D.    Property, Plant and Equipment

       As of March 31, 2015, we occupied facilities around the world with an aggregate gross floor area of office buildings owned by us totaling 421,445 square meters. As of March 31, 2015, we maintained 126 offices in China and 29 offices outside China. In addition, we maintain data centers in China, Hong Kong and the United States and logistics facilities in China.

ITEM 4A.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

       Not Applicable.

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ITEM 5.    OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

        The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under "Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this annual report. We have prepared our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our fiscal year ends on March 31 and references to fiscal years 2013, 2014 and 2015 are to the fiscal years ended March 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

A.    Operating Results

Overview

       We are the largest online and mobile commerce company in the world in terms of gross merchandise volume in 2014. We operate Taobao Marketplace, China's largest online shopping destination, Tmall, China's largest third-party platform for brands and retailers, in each case in terms of gross merchandise volume, and Juhuasuan, China's most popular group buying marketplace by its monthly active users, in each case in 2014 according to iResearch. These three marketplaces, which comprise our China retail marketplaces, generated a combined GMV of RMB2,444 billion (US$394 billion) from 350 million active buyers and more than 10 million active sellers in the twelve months ended March 31, 2015. In addition to our three China retail marketplaces, we operate Alibaba.com, China's largest global wholesale marketplace in 2014 by revenue, according to iResearch, 1688.com, our China wholesale marketplace, and AliExpress, our global consumer marketplace, as well as provide cloud computing services.

       We provide the fundamental technology infrastructure and marketing reach to help businesses leverage the power of the Internet to establish an online presence and conduct commerce with consumers and businesses. We have been a leader in developing online marketplace standards in China, including consumer protection programs, marketplace rules, qualification standards for merchants, and buyer and seller rating systems. Given the scale we have been able to achieve, an ecosystem has developed around our platform that consists of buyers, sellers, third-party service providers, strategic alliance partners, and investee companies. Our platform and the role we play in connecting buyers and sellers and making it possible for them to do business anytime and anywhere is at the nexus of this ecosystem. Much of our effort, our time and our energy is spent on initiatives that are for the greater good of the ecosystem and the various participants in it. We feel a strong responsibility for the continued development of the ecosystem and we take ownership for this development. Accordingly, we refer to this as "our ecosystem."

       Consumers and businesses benefit from our ecosystem because they can access products and services with a combination of selection, value, quality, convenience and customer experience that is not available elsewhere. Merchants are enabled by our tools and infrastructure to do business and flourish on our platform. Other participants in our ecosystem — including marketing affiliates, logistics service providers, independent software vendors and various professional service providers — provide valuable services to our buyer and seller customers. Our ecosystem has strong self-reinforcing network effects that benefit our marketplace participants, who are invested in our ecosystem's growth and success.

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       We have experienced significant growth across various key metrics for our China retail marketplaces:

GRAPHIC

GRAPHIC

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       We have also recently experienced significant growth in our mobile monetization on our China retail marketplaces:

GRAPHIC

       We have achieved significant scale and growth. Our total revenue increased by 52% from RMB34,517 million in fiscal year 2013 to RMB52,504 million in fiscal year 2014, and further increased by 45% to RMB76,204 million (US$12,293 million) in fiscal year 2015. Our net income increased by 171% from RMB8,649 million in fiscal year 2013 to RMB23,403 million in fiscal year 2014 and modestly increased by 4% to RMB24,320 million (US$3,923 million) in fiscal year 2015.

Key Marketplaces and Services

       Our marketplaces and services mainly include the following:

Commerce Businesses

 
  China   International

Retail

  Taobao Marketplace   AliExpress

         Online shopping destination          Global consumer marketplace

  Tmall Platform    

         Brands and retail platform    

  Juhuasuan    

         Group buying marketplace    

Wholesale

  1688.com   Alibaba.com

         Wholesale marketplace          Global wholesale marketplace

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Cloud Computing and Internet Infrastructure

       Alibaba Cloud Computing offers a complete suite of cloud computing services, including elastic computing, database services and storage and large scale computing services for our platforms and the platforms of companies integral to our ecosystem, such as Alipay, to sellers on our marketplaces, and other third-party customers, such as start-up companies in mobile applications and Internet gaming to established corporations in entertainment, consumer electronics, financial services, mobile communications, healthcare and education. We also provide Internet infrastructure services, such as web hosting and domain name registration.

Others

       Our other businesses consist primarily of our acquired businesses, mainly the mobile Internet services provided by UCWeb and AutoNavi. UCWeb is China's largest mobile browser company in terms of monthly mobile active users, according to iResearch. As of May 2015, UCWeb operated the largest third-party mobile browser in India and Indonesia in terms of page view market share, according to StatCounter (data available at: http://gs.statcounter.com). UCWeb also provides various mobile value-added services, including mobile search, app distribution and a mobile games platform. AutoNavi provides digital map, navigation and location-based services in China. Another affiliate, Alibaba Pictures, produces and distribute films and television programs. It is our movie business flagship which is an important part of our entertainment ecosystem.

Our Monetization Model

       The revenue we generate on our retail marketplaces is highly correlated to the amount of GMV transacted as well as to the monetization rate achieved on the GMV. The revenue on our wholesale marketplaces is largely driven by the number of paying members. We primarily derive revenue from online marketing services where sellers pay us marketing fees to acquire user traffic, commissions based on GMV for transactions settled through Alipay and membership fees. In fiscal year 2015, pay-for-performance, or P4P, marketing services, and display marketing services accounted for 48% of our total revenue, while commissions and fees from memberships and value-added services accounted for 30% and 8%, respectively. As described below, our marketing services are primarily performance-based, using market-based bidding systems so that each merchant determines the price it is willing to pay for such services. The price a merchant is willing to pay for marketing services generally depends on the merchant's expected GMV, profit margins and lifetime value of customers acquired from such marketing investment.

       China Commerce Retail.     We generate revenue from our China retail marketplaces — Taobao Marketplace, Tmall and Juhuasuan — primarily through the monetization models described below. In the twelve months ended March 31, 2015, 75% of GMV on our China retail marketplaces was settled through Alipay. The percentage of GMV transacted on our China retail marketplaces that settles through Alipay does not vary significantly across such marketplaces. In fiscal year 2015, we generated 63% and 35% of our China retail marketplaces revenue from online marketing services and commissions, respectively.

    •
    Online Marketing Services.   Online marketing services consist of:

    P4P marketing services , where sellers bid for keywords that match product or service listings appearing in search or browser results on a cost-per-click, or CPC, basis at prices established by our online auction system, which facilitates price discovery through a market-based bidding mechanism. P4P marketing services are provided both on our marketplaces as well as through third-party marketing affiliates;

    Display marketing , where sellers bid for display positions on the relevant marketplaces or through our third-party marketing affiliates at fixed prices or prices established by a real-time bidding system on a cost-per-thousand impression, or CPM, basis;

    For both P4P marketing and display marketing services, we generate a portion of such revenue through third-party marketing affiliates. Revenue from P4P and display marketing services provided through third-

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    party marketing affiliates represented 6%, 6% and 3% of our total revenue in fiscal years 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

    Taobaoke program , where sellers on Taobao Marketplace and Tmall pay us commissions based on a percentage of GMV for transactions settled through Alipay from users sourced from third-party marketing affiliates. Commissions on Taobaoke are set by the sellers and depend on the amount the seller is willing to pay to generate incremental sales through this channel.

    A significant portion of that commission (of which only our share is recognized as our revenue) is shared with our third-party marketing affiliates; and

    Placement Services , where sellers pay placement fees to purchase promotional slots on our Juhuasuan marketplace for a specified period;

    •
    Commissions on Transactions.   In addition to purchasing online marketing services, sellers on Tmall and Juhuasuan also pay a commission based on a percentage of GMV for transactions settled through Alipay in the respective marketplaces. The commission percentages typically range from 0.3% to 5% depending on the product category. The commission rate we establish varies according to our estimate of the industry profit margins in specific product categories, which we believe mainly determines the amount a seller is willing to pay to generate sales or attract buyers through this channel, and our strategic considerations. For example, for categories that typically have lower gross margins, such as consumer electronics, we charge a lower commission rate, whereas for categories such as apparel and luxury goods, where gross margins are generally higher for the merchants, we charge a higher commission rate; and

•

  Storefront Fees. Our revenue from storefront fees is primarily comprised of monthly subscription fees for Wangpu GRAPHIC , our storefront software that includes a suite of tools that assist sellers in upgrading, decorating and managing their storefronts.

 

 
  Marketplace or platform
Purchaser of services:
  Taobao Marketplace   Tmall   Juhuasuan

Taobao marketplace sellers

  •  P4P marketing fees
•  Display marketing fees
•  Taobaoke commissions
•  Storefront fees
•  Other fees * 		  •  Not applicable   •  Commissions
•  Placement fees

Tmall merchants

 

•  P4P marketing fees
•  Display marketing fees

 

•  Commissions
•  P4P marketing fees
•  Display marketing fees
•  Taobaoke commissions

 

•  Commissions
•  Placement fees

*
Other fees primarily consist of lottery commissions and online travel commissions. We temporarily suspended our online lottery business in late February 2015 around the same time as the other major online lottery platforms in China in response to regulatory requirements. As of the date of this annual report, there is no clear indication on how long this temporary suspension will last.

       China Commerce Wholesale.     We generate revenue from our China wholesale marketplace — 1688.com — primarily through:

    •
    Fees from Memberships and Value-added Services.   Revenue from our China wholesale marketplace is primarily generated from the sale of China TrustPass memberships, which allow wholesalers to host premium storefronts, with access to basic data analytic applications, and upgraded storefront management tools, as well as from value-added services, such as premium data analytics. In fiscal year 2015, 76% of our China wholesale marketplace revenue was generated from fees from memberships and value-added services.

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    •
    Online Marketing Services.   Revenue from online marketing services on our China wholesale marketplace is derived from P4P marketing services and keyword bidding. In fiscal year 2015, 24% of our China wholesale marketplace revenue was generated from online marketing services.

       Historically, 1688.com was a marketplace that enabled buyers to locate sellers and find products, and it did not enable buyers and sellers to transact with each other through the platform. We have extended our business model to create a transaction platform on 1688.com to enable wholesalers to transact with buyers, the majority of whom are merchants on our retail marketplaces. Buyers and sellers are able to conduct transactions through Alipay directly on 1688.com and have access to settlement and other services on the platform. We have not yet determined what methods we will use to monetize this transaction service.

       International Commerce Retail.     We generate revenue from our international commerce retail marketplaces, primarily AliExpress, through commissions, which are 5% of GMV for transactions settled through Alipay. We also generate revenue on AliExpress from sellers who participate in the third-party marketing affiliate program for this marketplace. Revenue generated by the third-party marketing affiliate program is in addition to the 5% commission sellers pay. In the twelve months ended March 31, 2015, 65% of GMV generated on AliExpress was settled through Alipay.

       International Commerce Wholesale.     We generate revenue from our global wholesale marketplaces — Alibaba.com — primarily through:

    •
    Fees from Membership and Value-added Services.   Revenue from our global wholesale marketplace is primarily generated from the sale of our Gold Supplier memberships on Alibaba.com, which allow wholesalers to host premium storefronts, with product listings on the marketplace, as well as value-added services, such as product showcase, custom clearance, value-added tax, or VAT, refund and other import/export business solutions. In fiscal year 2015, 85% of our global wholesale marketplace revenue was generated from fees from memberships and value-added services.

    •
    Online Marketing Services.   Revenue from online marketing services on our global wholesale marketplace is primarily derived from P4P marketing services. In fiscal year 2015, 15% of our global wholesale marketplace revenue was generated from online marketing services.

       Cloud Computing and Internet Infrastructure.     We generate revenue from cloud computing and Internet infrastructure services primarily from the time- and usage-based provision of cloud computing services, such as elastic computing, database services and storage and large scale computing services, as well as from web-hosting and domain name registration.

       Others.     We generate revenue from other services that we provide to our marketplace participants, as well as through our acquired businesses, mainly the mobile Internet services provided by UCWeb and AutoNavi. Other revenue also includes annual fees of 2.5% of the daily average book balance of the SME loans generated by the SME loan business that we transferred to Ant Financial Services upon the completion of the restructuring of our relationship with Ant Financial Services in early February 2015. Prior to such transfer, other revenue also included interest income generated by the SME loan business.

Our Operating Philosophy

       Our operating philosophy is to manage our various business units to a single profit and loss, or "P&L," rather than setting compartmentalized P&L targets for each business unit. We believe placing specific financial targets, such as revenue, margin or profit, for individual businesses or managers would create barriers against cooperation, damage the network effects among our marketplaces and negatively impact the long-term profit potential of our business. We instead ask our managers to be accountable for operating metrics that reflect the health of our marketplaces and the contribution of their units to our entire business. We believe this approach is consistent with the spirit of the Alibaba Partnership as it closely aligns interests, encourages collaboration and focuses leaders on building a sustainable and thriving ecosystem.

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       We do not manage our business by allocating revenue among individual marketplaces or business units. We assess the financial performance of our business by reviewing revenues generated in the China commerce and international commerce categories and, within each category, between retail and wholesale. We cross-promote and provide services of our various marketplaces to our users. We believe this approach improves the user experience and enhances our monetization opportunities across our entire business. For example, when searching for product listings, buyers on Taobao Marketplace will also see products from Tmall merchants. In addition, Tmall merchants purchase online marketing services displayed on Taobao Marketplace. Furthermore, we do not manage the business by cross-charging for internal traffic acquisition cost between Taobao Marketplace and Tmall as we believe such cross-charge or cost allocation creates friction and discourages cooperation among business units. We believe this "cross-pollination" among marketplaces improves the buyer experience, is beneficial for our merchants and encourages and develops the network effects in our ecosystem.

Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

        Number and Engagement of Buyers and Sellers and GMV Transacted on Our Marketplaces. Buyers are attracted to our marketplaces by the breadth and depth of product listings, the attractive online shopping experience and the convenient and secure payment and escrow services offered by Alipay. Sellers are attracted to our marketplaces by our strong user traffic as well as the marketing, cloud computing, sourcing, data and communications services we offer, which allow them to effectively target potential buyers and operate more efficiently. The GMV transacted on our marketplaces is driven by the level of user traffic visiting our marketplaces, buyer engagement and activity on our marketplaces, the relevance of product or service listings when a user searches or browses our content and the number of product categories from which buyers purchase products and services.

    Our Ability to Achieve and Increase Monetization.

        Retail marketplaces. We primarily generate our revenue from monetization models that include online marketing services, such as P4P marketing services, as well as commissions based on a percentage of GMV transacted on Tmall, Juhuasuan and AliExpress and settled through Alipay. Our ability to increase monetization is affected by a number of factors, including:

    •
    the GMV mix between Taobao Marketplace and Tmall.   An increase in the GMV contribution of Tmall as a portion of total GMV enhances our ability to increase revenue because Tmall merchants generally pay marketing service fees for their products to be displayed on Taobao Marketplace and Tmall in addition to commissions. Accordingly, for the same amount of GMV transacted on our China retail marketplaces, the average amount of revenue we generate from Tmall merchants is higher than from Taobao Marketplace merchants; and

    •
    the category mix of GMV transacted on our marketplaces.   Our ability to monetize GMV transacted on our marketplaces is related to the profitability of various product categories to the seller and the seller's ability and willingness to pay customer acquisition or sales generation costs in the form of fees for online marketing services or commissions. For example, for categories that generally have lower gross margins for the merchants, such as consumer electronics, we typically achieve lower monetization rates, whereas for categories such as apparel, where gross margins are generally higher for the merchants, we can achieve higher monetization rates.

        Monetization of our mobile platforms. The increasing use of mobile devices to access our marketplaces requires us to develop and improve mobile monetization technologies. The success of this effort will be increasingly important to the extent shopping on mobile devices displaces transactions that could have occurred on personal computers. In the quarter ended March 31, 2015, our mobile GMV exceeded 50% of our total GMV for the first time, and we expect mobile GMV as a percentage of total GMV will continue to grow, as we see increasing number of users accessing our platforms through mobile devices. Our mobile MAUs were 289 million in the month ended March 31, 2015, compared with 265 million in the month ended December 31, 2014 and 163 million in the month ended March 31, 2014. We believe that users of our mobile apps have commercial intent and that our

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display of performance-based mobile marketing services provides useful content for users in a native format. Our current focus is on increasing mobile GMV and user engagement.

       We are working with merchants on our marketplaces to increasingly take advantage of our mobile interfaces to drive growth in their businesses. While mobile GMV is increasing, we expect monetization rates for mobile interfaces in the near term will be lower than those we have achieved from personal computer interfaces. Over time, we expect the increasing use of mobile devices to have a positive impact on our business. We expect that our mobile monetization rates will continue to approach the rates we realize on our personal computer interfaces as:

    •
    we enhance our mobile-based marketing products for sellers;

    •
    we realize the benefits associated with the increased convenience of mobile shopping;

    •
    our sellers utilize data generated from our mobile shopping apps to provide more personalized and targeted marketing messages to buyers, including location-based promotions;

    •
    our mobile shopping apps make it easier to do business anywhere, anytime; and

    •
    payment apps developed by Alipay facilitate seamless mobile transactions.

       The impact of growth in mobile activity is particularly significant on our China retail marketplaces. The following table sets forth information with respect to GMV, revenue and rates of monetization realized in respect of our China retail marketplaces for the periods presented:

 
  Three months ended  
 
  Jun. 30,
2013 		  Sep. 30,
2013 		  Dec. 31,
2013 		  Mar. 31,
2014 		  Jun. 30,
2014 		  Sep. 30,
2014 		  Dec. 31,
2014 		  Mar. 31,
2015 		 
 
  (in millions of RMB except percentages)
 

China retail marketplaces:

                                                 

GMV

    345,134     373,659     528,709     430,085     500,916     555,666     787,047     600,092  

Mobile GMV

    41,299     54,823     104,391     118,001     164,428     199,054     326,889     303,772  

as a percentage of GMV

    12%     15%     20%     27%     33%     36%     42%     51%  

Revenue

    8,667     8,645     16,149     9,371     12,639     12,769     21,275     13,049  

Mobile revenue

    240     332     1,171     1,162     2,454     3,719     6,420     5,247  

as a percentage of revenue

    3%     4%     7%     12%     19%     29%     30%     40%  

Monetization rate

    2.51%     2.31%     3.05%     2.18%     2.52%     2.30%     2.70%     2.17%  

Mobile monetization rate

    0.58%     0.61%     1.12%     0.98%     1.49%     1.87%     1.96%     1.73%  

       Over time, we have begun to increasingly monetize mobile GMV beyond commissions through the introduction of online marketing services through mobile interfaces. As a result of these monetization efforts, our mobile monetization rate began to increase significantly starting from the three months ended December 31, 2013. The mobile monetization rate of 1.73% in the three months ended March 31, 2015 increased by 77% when compared with the 0.98% in the same period in the prior year, while mobile revenue increased by 352% over the same period.

       Wholesale Marketplaces.     Revenue on our wholesale markets — 1688.com and Alibaba.com — is primarily driven by the number of paying members, membership renewal rates and other value-added marketing services we provide to members. The number of buyers using our wholesale marketplaces will affect sellers' willingness to purchase and renew membership packages with us and to use our marketing services. We periodically review ways to increase value for our participants and create new monetization opportunities for our wholesale marketplaces. For example, going forward, we may generate revenue on 1688.com through monetization of activity on the transaction platform, although we have not yet determined what methods we will use to monetize this transaction service.

       Perception of Merchants of the Expected Value of Marketing Spending across Periods.     On our China retail marketplaces, revenue may be viewed as the fees sellers are willing to pay to distribute and promote their products and services, build their brands and acquire more customers through our marketplaces. The willingness of a seller

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to pay these fees is a function of the sales and profit the seller expects to generate on our marketplaces. These fees may be derived from online marketing services, commissions or from various other fee-based services. The mix of services chosen by a seller to achieve its business goals and promote its products and storefronts may shift over time. On an annual basis, revenue generally grows at a similar rate as GMV, even though the differential between GMV and revenue growth rates is more pronounced on a quarterly basis. Due to promotional events and higher consumer spending in the quarters ended June 30 and December 31, merchants are inclined to allocate more of their marketing spending during these periods to compete for and attract this consumer spending, which therefore drives revenue growth during those periods disproportionately to GMV growth and because increased demand for such services also increases pricing. Conversely, during the quarters ending September 30 and March 31, when merchants expect lower seasonal sales, they generally allocate less advertising spend and revenue growth is less pronounced than GMV growth. These trends tend to even out over any given year such that revenue growth correlates with GMV growth on an annual basis.

       Operating Leverage of Our Marketplace Business Model.     Our business model has significant operating leverage and our ecosystem enables us to realize structural cost savings, particularly for our retail marketplace businesses. For example, Taobao Marketplace drives significant traffic to Tmall as Tmall product listings also appear on Taobao Marketplace search result pages. In addition, promotional slots purchased on Juhuasuan by Taobao Marketplace and Tmall sellers also drive buyers to Taobao Marketplace and Tmall storefronts, thereby enabling sellers to introduce buyers to additional product and service offerings beyond those featured on the particular Juhuasuan promotion and drive additional user traffic. This network effect allows for lower traffic acquisition costs across our marketplaces. In addition, due to the large number of buyers on our marketplaces, we are able to attract a large number of sellers, which in turn provides a strong source of customers for our online marketing and storefront services. Sellers purchase marketing services through a self-service platform on our China retail marketplaces. As a result, we do not rely on a field sales force to generate revenue for our China retail marketplaces. Our business model also enables us to avoid the costs, risks and capital requirements associated with sourcing merchandise or holding inventory.

       Our Investment in User Base, Technology, People and Infrastructure.     We have made, and will continue to make, significant investments in our platform and ecosystem to attract consumers and businesses, enhance user experience and expand the capabilities and scope of our marketplaces. We expect our investments will include developing and marketing new online and mobile products and services, enhancing our cloud computing business, including YunOS, an operating system for mobile and entertainment devices, and developing new tools and enablers to attract additional buyers and sellers to our marketplaces. Our operating leverage and margin levels enable us to continue to invest in our people, particularly engineers, scientists and product management personnel, as well as in our underlying technology infrastructure. In addition, as a result of our financial strength, we expect to invest in new and existing businesses which will lower our margins but deliver overall long-term growth.

       Strategic Investments and Acquisitions.     We have made, and intend to continue to make, strategic investments and acquisitions to expand our user base and add complementary products and technologies. Our strategic investments and acquisitions may affect our future financial results. For example, our acquisitions, including UCWeb, OneTouch and AutoNavi resulted in an increase of expenses but we do not expect they will materially increase our revenue in the short term. Moreover, we expect acquisitions of entities with lower overall margins than our margins will have the effect of lowering our margins. In addition, some of our acquisitions and investments may not be successful, and we may incur impairment charges in the future.

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Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

       The following table sets forth the principal components of our revenue for the periods indicated:

 
  Year ended March 31,  
 
  2013   2014   2015  
 
  RMB   % of
revenue 		  RMB   % of
revenue 		  RMB   US$   % of
revenue 		 
 
  (in millions, except percentages)
 

China commerce

                                           

Retail

    26,970     78 %   42,832     82 %   59,732     9,636     78 %

Wholesale

    2,197     6 %   2,300     4 %   3,205     517     4 %
                               
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total China commerce

    29,167     84 %   45,132     86 %   62,937     10,153     82 %
                               
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

International commerce

                                           

Retail

    392     1 %   938     2 %   1,768     285     3 %

Wholesale

    3,768     11 %   3,913     7 %   4,718     761     6 %
                               
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total international commerce

    4,160     12 %   4,851     9 %   6,486     1,046     9 %
                               
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Cloud computing and Internet infrastructure

    650     2 %   773     2 %   1,271     205     2 %

Others

    540     2 %   1,748     3 %   5,510     889     7 %
                               
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​