RISK FACTORS

         You should consider carefully all of the information in this prospectus, including the risks and uncertainties described below and our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before making an investment in our ADSs. Any of the following risks and uncertainties could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The market price of our ADSs could decline significantly as a result of any of these risks and uncertainties, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry

We are highly reliant on our proprietary technology infrastructure in our business operations, and failure to continue to improve and effectively utilize our technology infrastructure or successfully develop new technologies could harm our business operations, reputation and prospects.

        Technology is critical to our integrated solutions, connecting our systems with those of our ecosystem participants. While we have continuously enhanced our proprietary technology infrastructure, we may not be able to continue to improve our technology infrastructure and develop new technologies to meet the future needs of our business. If we are unable to maintain, improve and effectively utilize our technology infrastructure or to realize the expected results from our technology investments, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as our reputation, could be materially and adversely affected. Any problem with the functionality and effectiveness of our software or platforms could also result in unanticipated system disruptions, slower response times, impaired user experiences, delays in reporting accurate operating and financial information and inefficient management of our systems. In addition, enhancing our technology infrastructure requires significant investments of time and financial and managerial resources, including recruiting and training new technology personnel, adding new hardware and updating software and strengthening research and development. If our technology investments are unsuccessful, our business could suffer and we may be unable to recover the resources we commit to such initiatives.

We may not be able to maintain and enhance our ecosystem, which could negatively affect our business and prospects.

        Our ability to maintain a healthy and rich ecosystem that creates strong network effects among our ecosystem participants is critical to our success. While our ecosystem provides synergies and economies of scale across service lines and among our ecosystem participants, the extent to which we are able to maintain and strengthen the attractiveness of our ecosystem depends on our ability to offer a mutually beneficial platform for all participants, maintain the quality of our services and solutions, develop attractive services and solutions that meet the evolving needs of our ecosystem participants, reinforce the scope and scale of our ecosystem, and retain our participants. We must also provide sufficient geographic coverage to cement the effectiveness of our service network, continue to utilize data to improve service quality and operational efficiency of all ecosystem participants and maintain and improve our technology infrastructure as part of our single interoperable system to ensure seamless operations.

        In addition, our ecosystem participants may compete with one another, which may complicate the management of our ecosystem. Further, changes made to enhance our ecosystem or balance the interests of participants may be viewed positively by one participant but may have negative effects upon another. If we fail to balance the interests of all participants in our ecosystem, we may fail to further attract and retain additional ecosystem participants, which could adversely impact our business and financial condition.

18

Table of Contents

If we are unable to continue to innovate, meet evolving market trends, adapt to changing customer demands and maintain our culture of innovation, our ability to sustain and grow our business may suffer.

        The ongoing success of our business depends on our ability to continue to introduce innovative solutions and services to meet evolving market trends and satisfy changing customer demands. We must continue to adapt by continuing innovation, improving our services and modifying our strategies, which could cause us to incur substantial costs. We may not be able to continue to innovate or adapt to changing market and customer needs in a timely and cost-effective manner, if at all. This could adversely impact our ability to embrace the changes brought by the New Retail era, expand our ecosystem and grow our business. Failure to develop new services to meet evolving market demands through innovation could cause us to lose current and potential customers and harm our operating results and financial condition.

        In addition, we may not be able to maintain our culture of innovation, which has been critical to our success and has helped us create value for our shareholders, succeed as a leader in our industry and attract, retain and motivate employees and other ecosystem participants. Among other challenges, we may not be able to identify and promote people in leadership positions who share our culture and can always focus on technology and innovation. Competitive pressure may also cause us to move in directions that may divert us from our mission, vision and values. If we cannot maintain our culture of innovation, our long-term business prospectus could be materially and adversely affected.

We operate in a competitive industry, and if we fail to compete effectively, our business could suffer.

        We compete with total supply chain solution providers. As our operations encompass a broad range of areas, certain service lines may also face competition from other service providers in China, including supply chain management service providers, express delivery and freight service providers, B2B platforms for convenience stores, SaaS software service providers and logistics brokers. In addition to established players, we face competition from new market entrants. Increased competition may lead to a loss of market share, increasing difficulty in launching new service offerings, reduction in revenue or increase in loss, any one of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

        Our competitors may have a broader service or network coverage, more advanced technology infrastructure, stronger brand recognition and greater capital resources than we do. In addition, our competitors may reduce their rates to gain business, especially during times of reduced economic growth, and such reductions may limit our ability to maintain or increase our rates, maintain our operating margins or achieve growth in our business. The establishment by our competitors of cooperative relationships or competing networks to increase their ability to address the needs of our customers and other ecosystem participants could also negatively impact us. We may not be able to successfully compete against current or future competitors, and competitive pressures may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business and growth are significantly affected by the emergence of New Retail, the continued development of e-commerce in China and elsewhere and related demand for integrated supply chain solutions.

        We serve merchants that conduct business in the retail industry in China, and these merchants rely on our services to fulfill orders placed by consumers. As we focus on providing integrated supply chain solutions for the New Retail era, our future business opportunities depend upon the continued integration of online and offline retail channels and the adoption of the New Retail paradigm by an increasing number of merchants in China and elsewhere, both in terms of large platforms and brands as well as small and medium enterprises, or SMEs, and micro-merchants.

        The future development and landscape of the retail industry in China and elsewhere are affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include the consumption

19

Table of Contents

power and disposable income of consumers, as well as changes in demographics and consumer preferences. The development of the retail industry is also subject to the selection, price and popularity of products offered through online and offline retail channels of original brand manufacturers and changes in the availability, reliability and security of such channels. Further, the emergence of alternative channels or business models that better suit the needs of consumers and the development of online-to-offline supply chain integration by retailers can also affect the development of the retail industry. Another important factor is the development of fulfillment, payment and other ancillary services associated with the retail industry. Macroeconomic conditions, particularly as retail spending tends to decline during recessions and other economic factors affecting consumer confidence, including inflation and deflation, fluctuation of currency exchange rates, volatility of stock and property markets, interest rates, tax rates and changes in unemployment rates, can also impact the development of the retail industry in China and elsewhere. Finally, other factors, such as changes in government policies, laws and regulations, in particular those that govern the retail industry, as well as changes in domestic and international politics, including military conflicts, political turmoil and social instability, can also influence the development of the retail industry in China and elsewhere. If New Retail, the e-commerce industry in China and their respective demand for integrated supply chain solutions fail to develop as we expect, our business and growth could be harmed.

We have a history of net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities, which may continue in the future.

        We incurred net losses of RMB718.5 million, RMB1,059.4 million, RMB1,363.5 million (US$198.1 million) and RMB422.8 million (US$61.4 million) in 2014, 2015, 2016 and the three months ended March 31, 2017, respectively. In addition, net cash used in operating activities was RMB328.9 million, RMB312.2 million, RMB788.8 million (US$114.6 million) and RMB264.5 million (US$38.4 million) in 2014, 2015, 2016 and the three months ended March 31, 2017, respectively.

        We expect our costs and expenses to increase in absolute amounts due to (i) the continued expansion of our operations, which will cause us to incur increased costs and expenses associated with third-party transportation, labor, leasing property for the operation of our Cloud OFCs, hubs and sortation centers; (ii) the continued investment in our technology infrastructure and network; and (iii) the launch of new and additional value-added services, which may incur start-up costs, have different revenue and cost structures, and take time to achieve profitability.

        Our ability to achieve and maintain profitability depends on our ability to enhance our market position, maintain competitive pricing, leverage technology and business model innovation to expand and enhance our service offerings, and increase our operational efficiency. These are affected by many factors which may be beyond our control, such as the overall demand for supply chain services and general economic conditions, including levels of consumption. If we are unable to achieve profitability, we may have to cut down the scale of our operation, which may impact our business growth and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our historical growth rates may not be indicative of our future growth, and if we are unable to manage our growth or execute our strategies effectively, our business and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

        We have experienced significant growth in recent years. Our total revenue increased from RMB3,065.8 million in 2014 to RMB5,256.3 million in 2015 and further to RMB8,844.1 million (US$1,284.9 million) in 2016, and increased from RMB1,477.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 to RMB3,248.2 million (US$471.9 million) in the same period in 2017. However, our past growth rates may not be indicative of future growth and our planned growth initiatives may not be successful. For example, the significant growth in our revenue from the three months ended March 31, 2016 to the same period in 2017 was due in part to the service scope expansion of BEST

20

Table of Contents

Express and BEST Freight starting in January 2017, among other factors. For additional information, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2016."

        Our rapid growth has placed, and will continue to place significant demands on our management and our technology infrastructure, as well as our administrative, operational and financial systems. We intend to achieve growth by continuing innovation, expanding market share, growing BEST Store ⁺ , broadening value-added services, expanding global reach, enhancing operational efficiency and quality, as well as growing through mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliances. There can be no assurance that we will be able to effectively manage our growth. If our growth initiatives fail, our businesses and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

We are affected by seasonality experienced in the consumer retail and logistics and supply chain industries.

        Our businesses are affected by seasonality experienced in the consumer retail and logistics and supply chain industries. We typically experience a seasonal surge in sales, especially in our express operations, during the fourth quarter of each year as a result of sales in connection with the Singles' Day and December 12 promotions, which may impose challenging resource and capacity demands on our business operations. Activity levels across our business lines are typically lower around Chinese national holidays, including Chinese New Year in the first quarter of each year, as consumer spending levels and shipment levels tend to decline.

        Seasonality also makes it challenging to forecast demand for our services, as the express, freight, supply chain management and store sales volumes can vary significantly and unexpectedly. We make planning and spending decisions, including capacity expansion, procurement commitments, personnel needs and other resource requirements based on our estimates of demand. Failure to meet demand associated with the seasonality in a timely manner may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our success depends to a substantial degree upon our senior management, including Mr. Shao-Ning Johnny Chou and other key personnel, and our business operations would be negatively affected if we fail to attract and retain highly competent senior management.

        We depend to a significant degree on the continued service of Mr. Shao-Ning Johnny Chou, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, our experienced senior management and other key personnel. If members of our senior management team or other key personnel resign, join a competitor or form a competing company, it could negatively impact our business operations and create uncertainty as we search for and integrate a replacement and could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

        We have entered into employment and confidentiality agreements with our senior management and other key personnel. However, these employment and confidentiality agreements do not ensure the continued service of these senior management and key personnel, and we may not be able to enforce these agreements. In addition, we do not maintain key man life insurance for any of the senior members of our management team or other key personnel.

We utilize franchisee partners to conduct certain aspects of our business, and face risks associated with these relationships, their employees and other personnel.

        We utilize franchisee partners to conduct certain aspects of our business. As of March 31, 2017, we had over 8,000 franchisee partners. Many of our franchisee partners sub-contract part of their businesses to sub-franchisees. Our control over franchisee partners and their sub-franchisees may not be as effective as if we had directly owned these partners' businesses, which could potentially make it

21

Table of Contents

difficult for us to manage them. Particularly, as we do not enter into agreements with sub-franchisees of our franchisee partners, we are unable to exert a significant degree of influence over them.

        Our franchisee partners, sub-franchisees and their employees directly interact with merchants and consumers in our ecosystem, and their performance directly affects our reputation and brand image. If our service personnel or those of our franchisee partners or sub-franchisees fail to satisfy the needs of our ecosystem participants, respond effectively to their complaints, which we have received from time to time, or provide services in a reliable, safe and secure manner, our reputation and the loyalty of our ecosystem participants could be negatively affected. As a result, we may lose ecosystem participants or experience a decrease in our business volume, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We do not directly supervise the services provided by our franchisee partners and may not be able to successfully maintain and improve the quality of their services. Our franchisee partners may also fail to implement sufficient control over the pick-up and delivery personnel who work at the service stations in connection with their conduct, such as proper collection and handling of the items we transport and delivery service fees, adherence to privacy standards and timely delivery. As a result, we may suffer financial losses, incur liabilities and suffer reputational damages in the event of theft or late delivery of the items we ship, embezzlement of delivery service fees or mishandling of private information. In addition, while violation of laws and regulations by franchisee partners had not led to any material claim against us in the past, we cannot assure you that such claim will not arise in the future which may harm our brand or reputation or have other adverse impacts.

        Further, suspension or termination of a franchisee partner's services in a particular geographic area may cause interruption to or failure in our services in the corresponding geographic area. A franchisee partner may suspend or terminate its services voluntarily or involuntarily due to various reasons, including disagreement or dispute with us, failure to make a profit, failure to maintain requisite approvals, licenses or permits or to comply with other governmental regulations, and events beyond our or its control, such as inclement weather, natural disasters, transportation interruptions or labor unrest or shortage. Due to the intense competition in China's logistics and supply chain industry, our existing franchisee partners may also choose to discontinue their cooperation with us and work with our competitors instead. We may not be able to promptly replace our franchisee partners or find alternative ways to provide services in a timely, reliable and cost-effective manner, or at all. As a result of any service disruptions associated with our franchisee partners, satisfaction, brand, reputation, operations and financial performance of our ecosystem participants may be materially and adversely affected.

Our BEST Store ⁺ service line has a limited operating history.

        We have a very limited history in providing BEST Store ⁺ services, which were launched on a full-scale basis in March 2016. While we experienced rapid growth in this service line, we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain its growth or successfully address any future problems or issues. We expect to continue to adjust our existing operating model and explore new operating model for this service line which may subject us to further uncertainties and negative effects on our overall business and results of operations.

        As we intend to grow the scale of BEST Store ⁺ , we may incur significant ramp-up costs to support such growth, which may negatively affect our profitability, particularly if we are unable to achieve economies of scale. For instance, we may not be able to increase margin or reduce costs as we expect. In addition, membership stores may not utilize Dianjia.com to procure merchandise to the extent we expect. We are also subject to risks related to our recent acquisition of WOWO. If we are unable to successfully integrate these additional stores into our platform, it could cause us to expend additional costs or deter others from partnering with us. See "—Any difficulties in identifying, consummating and integrating acquisitions, investments or alliances may expose us to potential risks and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition." We also face risks related to

22

Table of Contents

management of the merchandise inventories sold through Dianjia.com, and we depend on our demand forecasts for various kinds of products to make procurement decisions and to manage our inventories.

        We are also subject to risks that membership and self-operated stores fail to integrate with our service network as expected. We may also face challenges with the implementation of value-added services and last-mile delivery from convenience stores in our network. This may impact our ability to expand the number of membership stores in the network or retain or increase the activities of existing membership stores.

        We, as well as our membership BEST Store ⁺ operators, compete with numerous other convenience store chains, independent convenience stores, supermarkets, drugstores, motor fuel service stations, mass merchants, fast food operators and other similar retail outlets, who may have more experience than us, and may use promotional pricing or other discounts to encourage their in-store merchandise sales. Such competition may put pressure on us and our membership BEST Store ⁺ operators, and the results of operations of our BEST Store ⁺ service line may be materially and adversely affected.

We face challenges associated with diversifying our service offerings.

        We have in the past selectively launched new service lines such as BEST Store ⁺ , BEST Capital, BEST UCargo and other initiatives, and intend to continue to diversify our service offerings in the future. New services or new types of customers may involve risks and challenges we do not currently face. Such new initiatives may require us to devote significant financial and managerial resources and may not perform as expected.

        In addition, we may not be able to successfully anticipate and address customer demands and preferences in connection with new service offerings and our existing network and facilities may not be adaptable to the new services or customers. For example, different service offerings may impose different requirements and service standards. We may also be inexperienced with the operating models and cost structures associated with a new type of customer or service offering. If we take ineffective measures and cannot promptly adopt new and more effective measures, we may suffer losses. Further, we may not be able to ensure adequate service quality, and therefore may receive complaints or incur costly liability claims, which would harm our overall reputation and financial performance. We may not be able to achieve profitability or recoup our investments with respect to any new services or new types of customers in time or at all.

Macroeconomic and other factors that reduce demand for supply chain services, in China or globally, could have a material adverse impact on our business.

        The global logistics and supply chain industry has historically experienced cyclical fluctuations in financial performance due to economic recessions, reductions in per capital disposable income and levels of consumer spending, downturns in the business cycles of customers, interest rate fluctuations and economic factors beyond our control. During economic downturns, whether in China or globally, reduced overall demand for supply chain services will likely reduce demand for our services and solutions and exert downward pressures on our rates and margins. As we focus on providing integrated supply chain solutions in the New Retail era, if the online and offline retail channel integration trend or any other trend required for the emergence of New Retail does not develop as we expect, our business prospect may be adversely affected. In periods of strong economic growth, demand for limited transportation resources can also result in increased network congestion and operating inefficiencies. In addition, any deterioration in the economic environment subjects our business to various risks that may have a material impact on our operating results and future prospects. For instance, some of our customers may face economic difficulties and may not be able to pay us, and some may go out of business. These customers may not complete their payments as quickly as they have in the past, causing our working capital needs to increase.

23

Table of Contents

        In an economic downturn, we may not be able to appropriately adjust our expenses to changing market demands and it may be more difficult to match our staffing levels to our business needs. In addition, we have certain significant fixed expenses and other variable expenses that are fixed for a period of time, which we may not be able to adequately adjust in a period of rapid change in market demand.

We have not recognized any share-based compensation expense in the past but will recognize a substantial amount of share-based compensation expense upon the completion of this offering, which will have a significant impact on our results of operations.

        We adopted our equity and performance incentive plan in June 2008, or the 2008 equity and performance incentive plan, pursuant to which we may grant options to purchase up to 20,934,684 of our ordinary shares. As of the date of this prospectus, we have outstanding options to purchase up to 16,747,866 ordinary shares that have been granted to our employees, directors and consultants under the equity incentive plan. We are required to account for share options granted to our employees, directors and consultants in accordance with Codification of Accounting Standards, or ASC 718, " Compensation—Stock Compensation " and ASC 505-50, " Equity, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees ." We are required to classify share options granted to our employees, directors and consultants as equity awards and recognize share-based compensation expense based on the fair value of such share options, with the share-based compensation expense recognized over the period in which the recipient is required to provide service in exchange for the equity award. Because the exercisability of the share options granted by us is conditional upon completion of this offering, we have not recognized share-based compensation expense relating to these share options granted by us yet.

        As a result, upon the completion of this offering, we expect to begin to recognize a substantial amount of share-based compensation expense, and we expect the recognition of such share-based compensation expenses to have a significant impact on our results of operations in the fiscal quarter in which this offering is completed. As of March 31, 2017, the total unrecognized compensation costs associated with share options granted to employees amounted to US$21.3 million. With respect to options granted to non-employees, as their inability to exercise these options until completion of this offering constitutes a performance condition that is not considered probable until the completion of this offering, we cannot establish the fair value of these options to determine the unrecognized share-based compensation expense associated with them prior to the completion of this offering. Moreover, if additional share options or other equity incentives are granted to our employees, directors or consultants in the future, we will incur additional share-based compensation expense and our results of operations will be further adversely affected. For further information on our equity incentive plans and information on our recognition of related expenses, please see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Components of Results of Operations—Share-Based Compensation" and "Management—Share Incentive Plan."

We currently derive a significant portion of our revenue from consumer activity on a limited number of prominent e-commerce platforms, and a reduction of demand from these platforms may negatively affect our business.

        A significant portion of our revenue is derived from a number of major e-commerce platforms in China, such as Taobao Marketplace and Tmall. If these platforms are to suffer a decline in their usage or if our relationships with them are to be harmed, it could materially and negatively impact our business and operating results and financial condition. We generally do not have long-term contractual relationships with e-commerce platforms, and instead individual merchants on such platforms select us as their shipping and other supply chain service provider. If we are unable to remain a preferred service provider for the merchants on these e-commerce platforms, our business volume may decrease significantly, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

24

Table of Contents

If our customers are able to reduce their logistics and supply chain costs or increase utilization of their internal solutions, our business and operating results may be materially and adversely affected.

        A major driver for merchants and other customers to use third-party logistics and supply chain service providers is the high cost and degree of difficulty associated with developing in-house logistics and supply chain expertise and operational efficiencies. If, however, our customers are able to develop their own logistics and supply chain solutions, increase utilization of their in-house supply chain, reduce their logistics spending, or otherwise choose to terminate our services, our logistics and supply chain management business and operating results may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, certain of our major e-commerce platform partners may develop their own logistics capabilities, which could reduce the scope of services we provide to users on their platforms.

Decreased availability or increased costs of key logistics and supply chain inputs, including third-party transportation, equipment and materials could impact our cost of operations and our profitability across business lines.

        We depend on reliable access to third-party transportation, supplies of equipment, including vehicles and the sorting machines, conveyor systems and Automated Guided Vehicles, or AGVs, used at our Cloud OFCs and other network facilities, replacement parts and materials such as packing. The supplier base providing logistics equipment is relatively consolidated, which has resulted in a limited number of suppliers for certain types of equipment and supplies. Conversely, the market for third-party transportation services is fragmented with a large number of service providers, and it can be difficult to find reliable partners whose performance and reliability meet our standards at the scale our operations require. Any significant reduction in availability or increase in cost of any logistics and supply chain inputs could adversely affect our operations and increase our costs, which could adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.

Overall tightening of the labor market, increases in labor costs or any labor unrest, including strikes, may affect our business as we operate in a labor-intensive industry.

        Our business requires a substantial number of personnel, and labor costs comprised 25.2%, 27.3%, 24.4% and 16.3% of our total cost of revenue in 2014, 2015, 2016 and the three months ended March 31, 2017, respectively. Any failure to retain stable and dedicated labor by us, our franchisee partners or service providers may lead to disruptions to or delays in our services. We, our franchisee partners and service providers often hire additional or temporary workers to handle the significant increase in express and freight volumes during peak periods of e-commerce activities. We have observed an overall tightening labor market. We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, increases in labor costs due to increases in salaries, social benefits and employee headcounts and we may also face seasonal labor shortages. We, our franchisee partners and service providers compete with other companies for labor, and we may not be able to offer competitive salaries and benefits compared to them.

        We, our franchisee partners and service providers have been subject to labor disputes from time to time in the ordinary course of business, although none of them, individually or in the aggregate, has had a material adverse impact on us. We expect to continue to be subject to various legal or administrative proceedings related to labor disputes in the ordinary course of our business, due to the magnitude of the labor force involved in our service network. Any labor unrest or strikes directed against us, our franchisee partners or service providers could directly or indirectly prevent or hinder our normal operating activities, and if not resolved in a timely manner, lead to delays in fulfilling our customer orders. We, our franchisee partners and service providers are not able to predict or control any labor unrest, especially those involving labor not directly employed by us. Further, labor unrest may affect general labor market conditions or result in changes to labor laws, which in turn could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

25

Table of Contents

We engage outsourcing firms to provide outsourced personnel for our operations and have limited control over these personnel and may be liable for violations of applicable PRC labor laws and regulations.

        We engage outsourcing firms who send large numbers of their employees to work at our network facilities. As of March 31, 2017, over 20,000 outsourced personnel were active in our operations. We enter into agreements with the outsourcing firms only and do not have any contractual relationship with these outsourced workers. Since these outsourced personnel are not directly employed by us, our control over them is more limited as compared to our own employees. If any outsourced personnel fail to operate in accordance with our instructions, policies and business guidelines, our market reputation, brand image and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

        Our agreements with the outsourcing firms provide that we are not liable to the outsourced personnel if the outsourcing firms fail to fulfill their duties to these personnel. However, if the outsourcing firms violate any relevant requirements under the applicable PRC labor laws, regulations or their employment agreements with the personnel, such personnel may claim compensation from us as they provide their services at our network facilities. As a result, we may incur legal liability, and our market reputation, brand image as well as our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our business depends on our reputation and brand image, and any damage to them or any failure to effectively adjust our branding strategy in our international expansion could adversely impact our business.

        Our brand name in Chinese, " ," means hundreds of generations. We believe that our BEST brand name and our other brands stand for long-term commitment, comprehensive and high-quality service, reliability and efficiency, and are part of our most important and valuable assets. We have registered our major trademarks critical to our business in Chinese with the relevant PRC authorities, including " " (BEST), " " (BEST Logistics), " " (BEST Supply Chain), " " (BEST Express), " " (BEST Freight), " " (BEST Global), " " (BEST Capital), " " (BEST UCargo) and " +" (Store ⁺ ). We have also used and registered our various trademarks in other jurisdictions. Our brands and reputation are significant sales and marketing tools, and we devote substantial resources to promoting and protecting them. Adverse publicity (whether or not justified) such as accidents, customer service mishaps or noncompliance with laws relating to activities by our franchisee partners, service providers, contractors or agents, could tarnish our reputation and reduce the value of our brand. With the increased use of social media outlets, adverse publicity can be disseminated quickly and broadly, making it increasingly difficult for us to effectively respond.

        As we continue our international expansion, we may need to adjust our branding strategy in new countries and regions that we enter into. For example, our existing brands may be viewed as similar to brands used by existing players in the local markets that provide similar services. As such, we may need to adopt a new brand name in these markets and our efforts in establishing the reputation of the new brand in a new market may not be successful and could lead to brand disruption and harm our operations in these markets. Existing players in the local markets may also claim that our brands are similar to theirs and thereby bring claims against us for infringement upon their brand names or trademark rights, which may cause harm to our reputation and disrupt our branding strategy in the relevant local market. Damage to our reputation and loss of brand equity could reduce demand for our services and thus have an adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations, as well as require additional resources to rebuild our reputation and restore the value of our brand.

We may not be able to attract and retain the qualified and skilled employees needed to support our business.

        We believe our success depends on the efforts, effectiveness and talent of our employees, including research and development, supply chain management, operations, engineering, risk management, and sales and marketing personnel. Our future success depends on our continued ability to attract, develop,

26

Table of Contents

motivate and retain qualified and skilled employees. Competition for highly skilled personnel is extremely intense. We may not be able to hire and retain these personnel at compensation levels consistent with our existing compensation and salary structure. Some of the companies with which we compete for experienced employees have greater resources than we have and may be able to offer more attractive terms of employment.

        In addition, we invest significant time and resources in training our employees, which increases their value to competitors who may seek to recruit them. If we fail to retain our employees, we could incur significant expenses in hiring and training their replacements, and the quality of our services and our ability to serve our customers could diminish, resulting in a material adverse effect to our business.

A significant system disruption could adversely affect the operations of us and our ecosystem participants, which could severely impact our business and prospects.

        We rely on our technology infrastructure to process, transmit and store digital information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes and activities. In addition, the provision of service to our customers and the operation of our service network infrastructure involves the storage and transmission of proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data, including business and personal information of our ecosystem participants, who are reliant on the use of our technology infrastructure to manage their business processes and activities. Our technology infrastructures and those of our customers and our franchisee partners are connected through various interfaces. Some of these infrastructures are managed by third-parties and are susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components thereof, power outages, hardware failures, computer viruses, malicious insiders, telecommunication failures, user errors or other catastrophic events. Hackers, acting individually or in coordinated groups, may also launch distributed denial of service attacks or other coordinated attacks that may cause service outages or other interruptions in our business.

        The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems change frequently, may be difficult to detect and often are not recognized until launched against a target. As a result, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. If our systems were to suffer an operational failure, it could harm our reputation and have material adverse effect on our business and prospects.

Our business generates and processes a large quantity of data, and improper handling of or unauthorized access to such data may adversely affect our business.

        We face risks related to complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations relating to the collection, use, disclosure and security of personal information, as well as any requests from regulatory and government authorities relating to such data.

        The PRC regulatory and enforcement regime with regard to data security and data protection has continued to evolve. There are uncertainties on how certain laws and regulations will be implemented in practice. PRC regulators have been increasingly focused on regulating data security and data protection. We expect that these areas will receive greater attention from regulators, as well as attract public scrutiny and attention going forward. This greater attention, scrutiny and enforcement, including more frequent inspections, could increase our compliance costs and subject us to heightened risks and challenges associated with data security and protection. If we are unable to manage these risks, our reputation and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. For further details please see "Regulation—Regulations Relating to Internet Security."

27

Table of Contents

        We also grant limited access to specified data on our technology platform to certain other ecosystem participants. These third parties face the same challenges and risks inherent in handling and protecting large volumes of data. Any system failure or security breach or lapse on our part or on the part of any of such third parties that results in the release of user data could harm our reputation and brand and, consequently, our business, in addition to exposing us to potential legal liability.

        In addition, we are subject to additional laws in other jurisdictions in which we operate and where our ecosystem participants are located. The laws, rules and regulations of other jurisdictions, such as the U.S. and Europe, may impose more stringent or conflicting requirements and penalties than those in China, compliance with which could require significant resources and costs. Our policies and practices concerning the collection, use and disclosure of user data are posted on our websites. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with any regulatory requirements or privacy protection-related laws, rules and regulations could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others. These proceedings or actions could subject us to significant penalties and negative publicity, require us to change our business practices, increase our costs and severely disrupt our business.

We face risks associated with the items we deliver and the contents of shipments and inventories handled through our service network.

        We handle a large volume of shipments and inventories across our service network, and face challenges with respect to the protection and control of these items. Shipments and inventories in our service network may be stolen, damaged or lost for various reasons, and we, our franchisee partners and service providers may be perceived or found to be liable for such incidents. In addition, we may fail to screen shipments and inventories and detect unsafe or prohibited/restricted items. Unsafe items, such as flammables and explosives, toxic or corrosive items and radioactive materials, may damage other items or facilities in our service network, injure recipients and harm our personnel and assets or those of our franchisee partners and service providers. Furthermore, if we fail to prevent prohibited or restricted items from entering into our service network and if we participate in the transport and delivery of such items, we may be subject to administrative or even criminal penalties, and if any personal injury or property damage is concurrently caused, we may be further liable for civil compensation.

        Our delivery operations also involve inherent risks. We constantly have a large number of vehicles and personnel in transportation and a large number of items in storage facilities that we rent, and are therefore subject to risks associated with storage and transportation safety. The insurance maintained by us may not fully cover the damages caused by transportation related injuries or loss. From time to time, our vehicles and personnel may be involved in accidents, and the items they transport may be lost or damaged. In addition, frictions or disputes may occasionally arise from the personal interactions between our pick-up and delivery personnel and senders or recipients and those of our franchisees partners and service providers. Personal injury or property damage may occur in connection with such incidents.

        Any of the foregoing could disrupt our services, cause us to incur substantial expenses and divert the time and attention of our management. We, our franchisee partners and service providers may face claims and incur significant liabilities if found liable or partially liable for any injuries, damages or losses. Claims against us may exceed the amount of our insurance coverage, or may not be covered by insurance at all. Governmental authorities may also impose significant fines on us or require us to adopt costly preventive measures. Furthermore, if our services are perceived to be insecure or unsafe by our ecosystem participants, our business volume may be significantly reduced, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

28

Table of Contents

We have limited ability to protect our intellectual property rights, including our brand and our proprietary information technology platform, and unauthorized parties may infringe upon or misappropriate our intellectual property.

        Our success depends in part upon our proprietary technology infrastructure, including certain methodologies, practices, tools and technical expertise we utilize in designing, developing, implementing and maintaining applications and processes used in providing our services. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark, trade secrets and other intellectual property protections, confidentiality agreements with our key personnel, customers and other relevant persons and other measures to protect our intellectual property, including our brand and our proprietary technology infrastructure. Nevertheless, it may be possible for third parties to obtain and use our intellectual property without authorization. The unauthorized use of intellectual property is common in China and enforcement of intellectual property rights by PRC regulatory agencies is inconsistent. As a result, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights. Litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of our management's attention and resources, and could disrupt our business, as well as have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Given the relative unpredictability of the PRC's legal system and potential difficulties in enforcing a court judgment, there is no guarantee that we would be able to halt any unauthorized use of our intellectual property in China through litigation.

We may be accused of infringing the intellectual property rights of others.

        Our success depends in part on the use of our proprietary intellectual property and the intellectual property of other ecosystem participants, including technology, software products, business policies, plans, and trade secrets. Many of our contracts with third parties require us not to engage in the unauthorized use of such intellectual property or information, and to indemnify such third parties for any resulting loss. The steps taken by us in this regard may not be adequate to safeguard such intellectual property and confidential information. Moreover, most of our contracts do not include any limitation on our liability with respect to our infringement or breach of our obligation to keep confidential the intellectual property or confidential information. In addition, we may not always be aware of intellectual property registrations or applications relating to trademarks, source codes, software products or other intellectual property of such third parties, whether in China or other jurisdictions. As a result, if the proprietary rights of our ecosystem participants or other third parties are misappropriated by us or our employees, we may be liable for damages or other compensation.

        Assertions of infringement of intellectual property or misappropriation of confidential information against us, if successful, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Protracted litigation could divert our management's attention and our resources and also result in existing or potential customers deferring or limiting their procurement or use of our services until resolution of such litigation. Even if such assertions against us are unsuccessful, they may cause us to lose existing and future business and incur reputational harm and substantial legal fees.

Any difficulties in identifying, consummating and integrating acquisitions, investments or alliances may expose us to potential risks and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

        We have in the past made and may in the future seek to make acquisitions and investments and enter into strategic alliances to further expand our business. If we are presented with appropriate opportunities, we may acquire additional businesses, services, resources, or assets, including supply chain service providers and transport solution providers that are accretive to our core business. We cannot assure you that we will always be able to complete such acquisitions successfully or on terms acceptable to us. Integration of entities or assets we acquire into our business may not be successful and may prevent us from expanding into new services, customer segments or operating locations. This could significantly affect the expected benefits of these acquisitions. Moreover, the integration of any

29

Table of Contents

acquired entities or assets into our operations could require significant attention from our management. The diversion of our management's attention and any difficulties encountered in any integration process could have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.

        Our possible future acquisitions, investments or strategic alliances may also expose us to other potential risks, including risks associated with unforeseen or hidden liabilities, the diversion of resources from our existing businesses and technologies, our inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset the costs, expenses of acquisitions and potential loss of, or harm to, relationships with employees and customers as a result of our integration of new businesses. In addition, we may recognize impairment losses on goodwill arising from our acquisitions. The occurrence of any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to manage our business, our financial condition and our results of operations.

Our international expansion exposes us to significant risks.

        We provide inbound and outbound cross-border supply chain management services and plan to continue to expand our footprint internationally as part of our growth strategy. In addition to China, we currently operate warehouses in the U.S. and Germany, provide coverage through partners in Canada, Japan and Australia and expect to open additional foreign facilities and hire employees to work at these offices in order to reach new customers and expand the reach of our service network. Operating in international markets requires significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic and political risks in addition to those we already face in China. Because of our limited experience with international operations as well as developing and managing operations in international markets, our international expansion efforts may not produce the results we expect.

        In addition, we will face risks in doing business internationally that could adversely affect our business. For instance, we face difficulties managing and staffing international operations and the increased operating, travel, infrastructure and legal compliance costs associated with international business. We must comply with laws and regulations in foreign jurisdictions, particularly in the areas of data privacy and customs. We must also comply with technical and environmental standards in these jurisdictions. In addition, we must offer customer service in various languages, adapt and localize our service offerings for specific countries, appropriately price our products and services and work with overseas merchants, partners and other third parties, such as local transportation service providers. We are also subject to general risks inherent in international operations, such as fluctuations in exchange rates, changes in trade policies, tariff regulations, embargoes and customer clearances, or other trade restrictions, as well political or social unrest or economic instability in regions in which we operate.

        Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully could harm our international operations, and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may not be able to obtain sufficient capital to fund our business expansion.

        Our business expansion requires substantial amount of capital. In 2014, 2015, 2016 and the three months ended March 31, 2017, we incurred capital expenditures of RMB212.5 million, RMB398.1 million, RMB628.5 million (US$91.3 million) and RMB100.4 million (US$14.6 million), respectively, representing purchases of property and equipment. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur substantial costs to launch and ramp-up new service offerings and we may only be able to recover such costs over the long term. The continued improvement and upgrade of our supply chain service network may also require substantial amount of capital investments, such as purchasing equipment, funding leasehold improvements at our hubs, sortation centers and Cloud OFCs and expanding our BEST Store ⁺ network. Further, we may encounter development delays and excess development costs.

30

Table of Contents

        We have historically funded our operations by issuance of equity securities, preferred shares and short-term bank borrowings. There can be no assurance that we will be able to generate sufficient cash from our operations to fund our capital requirements or raise additional funds through equity or debt financings on satisfactory terms or at all, in which case we may be required to prioritize projects or curtail capital expenditures, and our results of operations could be adversely affected. On the other hand, if we raise funds through debt financings, we may also become subject to restrictive covenants that could limit our future capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters. If we raise funds through further issuances of equity or equity-linked securities, our existing shareholders could suffer significant dilution in their percentage ownership of our company.

Failure of us or our franchisee partners to obtain, maintain or update necessary licenses and permits may have material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

        We and our franchisee partners are required to hold a number of licenses and permits in connection with our business operation including, but not limited to, the courier service operation permit, road transportation operation permit and the value-added telecommunication service license concerning Internet information service, or the ICP license.

        Under PRC laws, an enterprise that operates and provides express delivery services must obtain a courier service operation permit listing out all the regions it and its branches are allowed to operate in. Such enterprise needs to make a filing with the relevant postal authority to update its courier service operation permit to include any additional regions it plans to expand into. All of our PRC subsidiaries, our VIE and its subsidiaries engaging in express delivery services have obtained courier service operation permits required for our operations. However, some local branches of our VIE and its subsidiaries have not made timely filings with the relevant postal authority to update their courier service operation permits. While we have not received any government order or penalty resulting from such failure, we cannot assure you that we will not be subject to orders to rectify, fines of up to RMB50,000 or business suspension of such branches.

        In addition, an enterprise engaging in road freight transportation is required to obtain a road transportation operation permit from the relevant county-level road transportation administrative bureau, while a foreign-invested enterprise (including its subsidiaries) engaging in road freight transportation must obtain the approval from the provincial-level road transportation administrative bureau. If an enterprise engaging in road freight transportation intends to establish a branch, it is required to make a filing with the local road transportation administrative bureau where the branch is to be established. While all of our PRC subsidiaries, the VIE and its subsidiaries engaging in road freight transportation have obtained their road transportation operation permits, we are in the process of renewing the filings for some of the branches, and if we cannot complete the renewal in a timely manner, these branches may be subject to business suspension and other penalties.

        Our franchisee partners also need to obtain necessary licenses and permits and make necessary filings to provide express delivery services. Some of our franchisee partners providing express delivery services do not currently possess all necessary licenses and permits. While we have urged them to obtain such licenses and permits, we can provide no assurance that all of our franchisee partners will be able to obtain all of the licenses and permits and make all of the filings necessary for their business. Failure to obtain such licenses and permits and make such filings may result in suspension of operation, fines or other penalties on our franchisee partners by government authorities. In addition, if any of our franchisee partners providing express delivery services fails to obtain required licenses and permits, we may also be subject to an order to rectify and a fine ranging from RMB5,000 to RMB30,000 for each such failure.

        New laws and regulations that are enforced from time to time may require additional licenses and permits other than those we and our franchisee partners currently have. If the PRC government

31

Table of Contents

considers us or our franchisee partners to be operating without the proper approvals, licenses or permits or promulgates new laws and regulations that require additional approvals or licenses, it has the authority, among other things, to levy fines, confiscate our income, revoke our business licenses, and require us to discontinue our relevant business or impose restrictions on the affected portion of our business. Any of these actions by the PRC government may have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations.

Failure to comply with PRC laws and regulations by us or our franchisee partners may materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

        Our business is subject to governmental supervision and regulation by the relevant PRC governmental authorities, including but not limited to the State Post Bureau and the Ministry of Transportation. Together, these governmental authorities promulgate and enforce regulations that cover many aspects of our day-to-day operations, and we may fail to fully comply with these regulations. For example, the PRC Postal Law, promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China, which became effective on October 1, 2009 and was amended in 2015, indicates that express delivery companies cannot engage in "posting and mail delivery business exclusively operated by postal enterprises." However, PRC laws do not provide a definition for "posting and mail delivery business exclusively operated by postal enterprises." If the authorities define such term in the future and if the items that we or our franchisee partners deliver fall into the defined category, we may be considered in violation of such regulation, and as a result, it might have an adverse impact on our results of operations.

        According to the Administrative Measures for Express Delivery Market, or the Express Delivery Regulations, promulgated by the Ministry of Transport on January 11, 2013, when engaging in express delivery business through franchising arrangements, a franchisor is required to execute written agreements with its franchisees to set forth their respective rights and obligations with respect to their franchising arrangement and clearly delineate their respective liabilities to consumers in case of any infringement of their lawful rights. Failure to enter into such a written agreement with any franchisee may subject a franchisor to an order to rectify and a fine ranging from RMB5,000 to RMB30,000. While it is not clearly provided in the Express Delivery Regulations, national government authorities have imposed that certain specific forms be used in connection with the execution of the written agreements required under the Express Delivery Regulations. While the majority of our agreements with franchisee partners for express delivery service have satisfied such form requirements, our other agreements with such franchisee partners may be found non-compliant by relevant authorities. Although we have proactively taken measures to ensure that our agreements with franchisee partners will comply with such requirements, we cannot assure you that we will not be subject to fines and penalties due to any past or future non-compliances.

        Pursuant to the Administrative Regulations on Commercial Franchising Operation promulgated by the State Council in February 2007 and Provisions on Administration of the Record Filing of Commercial Franchises issued by MOFCOM in December 2011, or collectively the Regulations and Provisions on Commercial Franchising, commercial franchising refers to the business activities where an enterprise that possesses the registered trademarks, enterprise logos, patents, proprietary technology or any other business resources allows such business resources to be used by another business operator through a contract and the business operator follows the uniform business model to conduct business operations and pay franchising fees according to the contract. Therefore, if the relationship between us and our franchisee partners and other ecosystem participants constitute such regulated commercial franchising, we will be subject to these regulations and will be required to file such franchising arrangements with MOFCOM or its local counterparts and update the filings when there are changes to relevant information. While we have completed such filings with respect to our BEST Express and BEST Freight services, and have made such filing with respect to our Cloud OFC services pending

32

Table of Contents

confirmation of MOFCOM as of the date of this prospectus, we cannot assure you that we can update such filings in a timely manner or our relationships with other existing and future ecosystem participants will not be found to constitute such regulated commercial franchising in the future. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not received any request from any governmental authorities to make any of such filings. If relevant authorities determine that we failed to make any filing with respect to any regulated commercial franchising activity in the future, we may be subject to an order to rectify or fines ranging from RMB10,000 to RMB50,000, and if we fail to rectify within the rectification period determined by competent government authorities, we may be subject to an additional fine ranging from RMB50,000 and RMB100,000 as well as public reprimand.

        In addition, our franchisee partners have full discretion over their daily operations and make localized decisions with respect to their facilities, vehicles and hiring and pricing strategies. Their operations are regulated by various PRC laws and regulations, including local administrative rulings, orders and policies that are pertinent to their localized freight, express delivery business and retail business. For example, local regulations may specify the models or types of vehicles to be used in pickup and delivery services or require the franchisee partners to implement heightened safety screening procedures, which could materially drive up the operating costs and impact the delivery efficiency of the pickup and delivery outlets.

        We are also subject to a number of retail industry regulations including, but not limited to, regulations relating to pricing, consumer protection, product quality, food safety and public safety. Local regulatory authorities conduct periodic inspections, examinations and inquiries in respect of our compliance with relevant regulatory requirements. If we, or our membership stores, fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we or our membership stores may be exposed to penalties, fines, the suspension or revocation of our or our membership stores' licenses or permits to conduct business, administrative proceedings and litigation.

        New laws and regulations may be enforced from time to time and substantial uncertainties exist regarding the interpretation and implementation of current and any future PRC laws and regulations applicable to our businesses. If the PRC government promulgates new laws and regulations that impose additional restrictions on our daily operations, it has the authority, among other things, to levy fines, confiscate income, revoke business licenses, and require us to discontinue our relevant business or impose restrictions on the affected portion of our business. Any of these actions by the PRC government may have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations. If our franchisee partners are found to be in violation of any applicable law or regulation then in effect, such franchisee partners may be subject to similar penalties or administrative orders and may not be able to continue to deliver satisfactory services or at all. As a result, our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We face risks related to the termination and renewal of leases on which we rely for our operations.

        Substantially all of our Cloud OFCs, hubs and sortation centers are located in properties for which we have entered into long-term operating leases. In some instances, we may negotiate an option to renew the lease according to the terms and conditions under the relevant lease agreements. However, upon the expiration of such leases, we may not be able to renew these leases on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Under certain lease agreements, the lessor may terminate the agreement by giving prior notice and paying default penalties to us. Such default penalties nonetheless may not be sufficient to cover our losses. Even though the lessors for most of our Cloud OFCs, hubs and sortation centers do not have the right of unilateral early termination unless they provide the required notice, the lease may nonetheless be terminated early if we are in material breach of the lease agreements. We may assert claims for compensation against the landlords if they elect to terminate a lease agreement early and without due cause. If the leases for our Cloud OFCs, hubs or sortation centers were terminated prior to their expiration dates, notwithstanding any compensation we may receive for early

33

Table of Contents

termination of such leases, or if we are not able to renew such leases, we may have to incur significant cost related to relocation.

Our use of certain leased properties could be challenged by third parties or governmental authorities, which may cause interruptions to our business operations.

        As of the date of this prospectus, lessors of approximately 20% of the total gross floor area of our leased properties in China have not provided us with their property ownership certificates or any other documentation proving their right to lease those properties to us. If our lessors are not the owners of the properties and they have not obtained consents from the owners or their lessors or permits from the relevant governmental authorities, our leases could be invalidated. If this occurs, we may have to renegotiate the leases with the owners or other parties who have the right to lease the properties, and the terms of the new leases may be less favorable to us. Although we may seek damages from such lessors, such leases may be void and we may be forced to relocate. Any relocation would require us to locate and secure additional facilities, expenditures of additional funds in connection with the relocation and preparation of replacement facilities. This could affect our ability to provide uninterrupted services to our customers and harm our reputation. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not incurred expenditures associated with the relocation and preparation of replacement facilities. In addition, a substantial portion of our leasehold interests in leased properties have not been registered with the relevant PRC governmental authorities as required by relevant PRC laws. The failure to register leasehold interests may expose us to potential warnings and penalties.

        In addition, some of our leased properties in China may not have filed the fire-control registration as required by relevant PRC laws and as a result, our use of the leased property may be affected. In the event that our use of properties is successfully challenged by the regulators or due to fire incidents, we may be forced to relocate from the affected operations.

Our failure or alleged failure to comply with China's anti-corruption laws or the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act could result in penalties, which could harm our reputation and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

        We are subject to PRC laws and regulations related to anti-corruption, which prohibit bribery to government agencies, state or government owned or controlled enterprises or entities, to government officials or officials that work for state or government owned enterprises or entities, as well as bribery to non-government entities or individuals. Upon the completion of this offering, we will also be subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, which generally prohibits companies and any individuals or entities acting on their behalf from offering or making improper payments or providing benefits to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business, along with various other anti-corruption laws. Our existing policies prohibit any such conduct and we are in the process of implementing additional policies and procedures, and providing training, to ensure that we, our employees, franchisee partners and other third parties comply with PRC anti-corruption laws and regulations, the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws to which we are subject. There is, however, no assurance that such policies or procedures will work effectively all the time or protect us against liability under the FCPA or other anti-corruption laws. There is no assurance that our employees, franchisee partners and other third parties would always obey our policies and procedures. Further, there is uncertainty in connection with the implementation of PRC anti-corruption laws. We could be held liable for actions taken by our employees, franchisee partners and other third parties with respect to our business or any businesses that we may acquire. In addition to the PRC, we also operate warehouses in the U.S. and Germany and provide coverage in Canada, Japan and Australia through our partners. This puts us in frequent contact with persons who may be considered "foreign officials" under the FCPA, resulting in an elevated risk of potential FCPA violations. If we are found not to be in compliance with PRC anti-corruption laws, the FCPA and other applicable anti-corruption laws, we

34

Table of Contents

may be subject to criminal, administrative, and civil penalties and other remedial measures, which could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Any investigation of any potential violations of the FCPA or other anti-corruption laws by U.S. or foreign authorities, including Chinese authorities, could adversely impact our reputation, cause us to lose customer relationships and lead to other adverse impacts on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to various claims and lawsuits in the ordinary course of business, and increases in the amount or severity of these claims and lawsuits could adversely affect us.

        We are exposed to various claims and litigation related to commercial disputes, personal injury, property damage, labor disputes and other matters in the ordinary course of our business. Developments in regulatory, legislative or judicial standards, material changes to litigation trends, or a catastrophic accident or series of accidents, including accidents that affect our franchisee partners or service providers, involving any or all of commercial disputes, property damage, personal injury, and labor disputes could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and reputation.

We may not have sufficient insurance coverage.

        We maintain various insurance policies to safeguard against risks and unexpected events. We have purchased certain life insurance, such as group accident insurance; property loss insurance, such as cargo transportation insurance and all-risk property insurance; and liability insurance, such as non-motor vehicle liability insurance, public liability insurance and logistics liability insurance. Some of our insurance also covers fire or other damages. We also provide social security insurance including pension insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance and medical insurance for our full-time employees. We are not legally required to maintain insurance for the items we ship. We do not maintain business interruption insurance or general third-party liability insurance, nor do we maintain key-man life insurance. We cannot assure you that our insurance coverage is sufficient to prevent us from any losses or that we will be able to successfully claim for losses under our current insurance policies on a timely basis, or at all. If we incur losses that are not covered by our insurance policies, or if the amount reimbursed is significantly less than our actual losses, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Fluctuations in exchange rates could result in foreign currency exchange losses, which may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        We have in the past raised significant funds in U.S. dollars and will receive net proceeds in U.S. dollars from this offering. We have historically incurred substantial short-term borrowings in Renminbi to fund our working capital requirement in the PRC while holding significant U.S. dollar balances. As such, any appreciation in the value of Renminbi against U.S. dollar and other currencies would have a negative impact on our financial position and results of operations. In addition, while we currently incur only a small portion of our expenses and generate only a small portion of our revenue in currencies other than Renminbi, we may incur more of such expenses and generate more of such revenues in the future as we continue our international expansion. As a result, we may be subject to increased foreign exchange rate risk in the future.

        The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions and the foreign exchange policy adopted by the PRC and other governments. Specifically in the PRC, on July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar. More recently, from December 31, 2015 to December 31, 2016, the Renminbi depreciated approximately 6.4% against

35

Table of Contents

the U.S. dollar. It remains unclear what further fluctuations may occur or what impact this will have on our results of operations.

        It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC, U.S. or other government policies may impact the exchange rate between the Renminbi, U.S. dollar and other currencies in the future. There remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt a more flexible currency policy, which could result in greater fluctuation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar. Substantially all of our revenue and costs are currently denominated in Renminbi, and a large portion of our financial assets is denominated in U.S. dollars. To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from this offering into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount we would receive. We cannot predict the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, and foreign currency fluctuations in the future may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We face risks related to natural disasters, extreme weather conditions, health epidemics and other catastrophic incidents, which could significantly disrupt our operations.

        China has in the past experienced significant natural disasters, including earthquakes in Western and Southwestern China, extreme weather conditions, as well as health scares related to epidemic diseases, and any similar event could materially impact our business in the future. If a disaster or other disruption were to occur in the future that affects the regions where we have or are developing Cloud OFCs or hubs and sortation centers, our operations could be materially and adversely affected due to loss of personnel and damages to property. Even if we are not directly affected, such a disaster or disruption could affect the operations or financial condition of our ecosystem participants, which could harm our results of operations.

        In addition, our business could be affected by public health epidemics, such as the outbreak of avian influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, Zika virus, Ebola virus, or other disease. If any of our employees is suspected of having contracted a contagious disease, we may be required to apply quarantines or suspend our operations. Furthermore, any future outbreak may restrict economic activities in affected regions, resulting in reduced business volume, temporary closure of our offices or otherwise disrupt our business operations and adversely affect our results of operations.

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, and if we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis could be impaired.

        Prior to the completion of this offering, we have been a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal control over financial reporting. In connection with the audit of our financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness related to the lack of accounting personnel with requisite knowledge of U.S. GAAP and SEC rules, and lack of financial reporting policies and procedures commensurate with U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements. While we have taken measures to address the material weakness and other deficiencies identified, we cannot assure you that these measures will be effective or that we will not identify additional material weaknesses in the future.

36

Table of Contents

        We will be subject to the reporting requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq Global Market after the completion of this offering. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting. Commencing with our fiscal year ending December 31, 2018, we must perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal controls over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting in our Form 20-F filing for that year, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing, may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us. This will require that we incur substantial additional professional fees and internal costs to expand our accounting and finance functions and that we expend significant management efforts. Prior to this offering, we were never required to test our internal controls within a specified period, and, as a result, we may experience difficulty in meeting these reporting requirements in a timely manner.

        In addition, our internal control over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system's objectives will be met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud will be detected.

        If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner, or if we are unable to maintain proper and effective internal controls, we may not be able to produce timely and accurate financial statements. If that were to happen, the market price of our ADSs could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq Global Market, SEC or other regulatory authorities.

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations in China do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.

        Under current PRC laws and regulations, foreign enterprises or individuals may not invest in or operate domestic mail delivery services and foreign ownership of Internet information services is subject to restrictions. According to the Guidance Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment (most recently revised in 2015), foreign investment is prohibited in the establishment of any postal enterprise and in domestic mail delivery services. Postal enterprises refer to the China Post Group and its wholly-owned enterprises or controlled enterprises providing postal services, as well as other services including but not limited to mail delivery, postal remittances, savings and issuance of stamps and production and sale of philatelic products. In addition, foreign investors are generally not permitted to own more than 50% of the equity interests in a value-added telecommunication service provider. Any such foreign investor must also have experience and a good track record in providing value-added telecommunications services overseas.

37

Table of Contents

        We are a Cayman Islands company and our PRC subsidiaries wholly owned by us are considered wholly foreign owned enterprises. Accordingly, none of these subsidiaries are eligible to operate domestic mail delivery services and value-added telecommunications business in China. It is also practically and economically not possible to separate the delivery of mail from the delivery of non-mail items in our day-to-day services. To ensure compliance with the PRC laws and regulations, we conduct such business activities through Hangzhou BEST Network Technologies Ltd., our VIE, and its subsidiaries. Our company and Zhejiang BEST, our wholly-owned subsidiary in China, have entered into a series of contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders, which enable us to (i) exercise effective control over the VIE, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the VIE, and (iii) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests and assets in the VIE when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we have control over and are the primary beneficiary of the VIE and hence consolidate its financial results as our VIE under U.S. GAAP.

        If the PRC government finds that our contractual arrangements do not comply with its restrictions on foreign investment in domestic express delivery services of mail or value-added telecommunications business, or if the PRC government otherwise finds that we, our VIE, or any of its subsidiaries are in violation of PRC laws or regulations or lack the necessary permits or licenses to operate our business, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities, would have broad discretion in dealing with such violations or failures, including, without limitation: (i) revoking the business licenses and/or operating licenses of these entities; (ii) discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operation through any transactions between our PRC subsidiaries and VIE; (iii) imposing fines, confiscating the income from our PRC subsidiaries or VIE, or imposing other requirements with which such entities may not be able to comply; (iv) requiring us to restructure our ownership structure or operations, including terminating the contractual arrangements with our VIE and deregistering the equity pledges of our VIE, which in turn would affect our ability to consolidate, derive economic interests from, or exert effective control over our VIE; or (v) restricting or prohibiting our use of the proceeds of this offering to finance our business and operations in China.

        Any of these actions would cause significant disruption to our business operations and severely damage our reputation, which would in turn materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, new PRC laws, rules and regulations may be introduced to impose additional requirements that may impose additional challenges to our corporate structure and contractual arrangements. If any of these occurrences results in our inability to direct the activities of our VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, and/or our failure to receive the economic benefits from our VIE, we may not be able to consolidate the entity in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Our contractual arrangements with our VIE may result in adverse tax consequences to us.

        Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that our contractual arrangements with our VIE were not made on an arm's length basis and adjust our income and expenses for PRC tax purposes by requiring a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could adversely affect us by (i) increasing the tax liabilities of our VIE without reducing the tax liability of our PRC subsidiaries, which could further result in late payment fees and other penalties to our VIE for underpaid taxes; or (ii) limiting the ability of our VIE to obtain or maintain preferential tax treatments and other financial incentives.

38

Table of Contents

We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders for our China operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control and otherwise have a material adverse effect as to our business.

        We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders to operate our business in China. For a description of these contractual arrangements, see "Our History and Corporate Structure—Variable Interest Entity Contractual Arrangements." In 2014, 2015, 2016 and the three months ended March 31, 2017, 74%, 71%, 61% and 64% of our total revenue, respectively, was attributed to our VIE. See "Our History and Corporate Structure." These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our VIE. If our VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under these contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend significant resources to enforce such arrangements in reliance on legal remedies under PRC law as we will only have indirect recourse to the assets held by our VIE. These remedies may not always be effective, particularly in light of uncertainties in the PRC legal system. Furthermore, in connection with litigation, arbitration or other judicial or dispute resolution proceedings, assets under the name of any of record holder of equity interest in our VIE, including such equity interest, may be put under court custody. As a consequence, we cannot be certain that the equity interest will be disposed of pursuant to the contractual arrangements or ownership by the record holder of the equity interest.

        All of these contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through litigation in the PRC. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC laws and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in other jurisdictions, such as the U.S. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. In the event that we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant time delays or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, it would be very difficult to exert effective control over our VIE, and our ability to conduct our business and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. See "—Risks Related to Doing Business in the People's Republic of China—There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations."

The shareholders of our VIE may have conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

        In connection with our operations in China, we rely on the shareholders of our VIE to abide by the obligations under such contractual arrangements. Our VIE is 36.285% owned by Wei Chen, a PRC individual who is a relative of Mr. Shao-Ning Johnny Chou, 36.285% owned by Lili He, another PRC individual who is a relative of Mr. Shao-Ning Johnny Chou and 27.43% owned by Hangzhou Ali Venture Capital Co., Ltd., a PRC domestic company and a consolidated entity of Alibaba. The interests of Wei Chen, Lili He and Hangzhou Ali Venture Capital Co., Ltd. in their own capacities as the shareholders of our VIE may differ from the interests of our company as a whole, as what is in the best interests of our VIE, including matters such as whether to distribute dividends or to make other distributions to fund our offshore requirement, may not be in the best interests of our company. There can be no assurance that when conflicts of interest arise, any or all of these shareholders will act in the best interests of our company, or that conflicts of interest will be resolved in our favor. In addition, these shareholders may breach or cause our VIE to breach or refuse to renew the existing contractual arrangements with us.

        We currently do not have arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest the shareholders of our VIE may encounter. We believe that we can, at all times, exercise our option under the exclusive call option agreements to cause these shareholders of our VIE to transfer all of their equity ownership in our VIE to a PRC entity or individual designated by us as permitted by then applicable PRC laws.

39

Table of Contents

In addition, if such conflicts of interest arise, we could also, in the capacity of attorney-in-fact of the then existing shareholders of the VIE as provided under the shareholder voting rights proxy agreements, directly appoint new directors of our VIE. If we cannot resolve any conflicts of interest or disputes between us and the shareholders of our VIE, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.

We may lose the ability to use, or otherwise benefit from, the licenses, approvals and assets held by our VIE, which could severely disrupt our business, render us unable to conduct some or all of our business operations and constrain our growth.

        As part of our contractual arrangements with our VIE, our VIE holds certain assets, licenses and permits that are material to our business operations, including the courier service operation permit, the ICP license and the road transportation operation permit. The contractual arrangements contain terms that specifically obligate VIE equity holders to ensure the valid existence of the VIE and restrict the disposal of material assets of the VIE. However, in the event the VIE equity holders breach the terms of these contractual arrangements and voluntarily liquidate our VIE, or our VIE declares bankruptcy and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, or are otherwise disposed of without our consent, we may be unable to conduct some or all of our business operations or otherwise benefit from the assets held by the VIE, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, if our VIE undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, its equity holders or unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of the assets of the VIE, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business as well as constrain our growth.

Our corporate actions are significantly influenced by our principal shareholders, including our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Shao-Ning Johnny Chou, who have the ability to exert significant influence over important corporate matters that require approval of shareholders, which may deprive you of an opportunity to receive a premium for your ADSs and materially reduce the value of your investment.

        Immediately prior to the completion of this offering, our outstanding share capital will consist of Class A ordinary shares, Class B ordinary shares and Class C ordinary shares. Each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote per share, each Class B ordinary share is entitled to 15 votes per share, and each Class C ordinary share is entitled to 30 votes per share at general meetings of our shareholders. Immediately after the completion of this offering, Alibaba and Cainiao Network will beneficially own, in aggregate, 100% of our Class B ordinary shares and Mr. Shao-Ning Johnny Chou will beneficially own 100% of the Class C ordinary shares issued and outstanding.

        This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could have the dual effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and reducing the price of the ADSs. As a result of the foregoing, the value of your investment could be materially reduced.

If the custodians or authorized users of our controlling non-tangible assets, including chops and seals, fail to fulfill their responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets, our business and operations may be materially and adversely affected.

        Under PRC law, legal documents for corporate transactions that our business relies on are executed using the chop or seal of the signing entity or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with the relevant local branch of the SAIC.

        The chops of our PRC subsidiaries and VIE are generally held by the relevant entities so that documents can be executed locally. Although we usually utilize chops to execute contracts, the

40

Table of Contents

registered legal representatives of our PRC subsidiaries and VIE have the apparent authority to enter into contracts on behalf of such entities without chops, unless such contracts set forth otherwise.

        In order to maintain the physical security of our chops, we generally have them stored in secured locations accessible only to the designated key employees of our legal, administrative or finance departments. Although we have approval procedures in place and monitor our key employees, including the designated legal representatives of our PRC subsidiaries and our VIE, the procedures may not be sufficient to prevent all instances of abuse or negligence. There is a risk that our key employees or designated legal representatives could abuse their authority, for example, by binding our PRC subsidiaries and our VIE with contracts against our interests, as we would be obligated to honor these contracts if the other contracting party acts in good faith in reliance on the apparent authority of our chops or signatures of our legal representatives. If any designated legal representative obtains control of the chop in an effort to obtain control over the relevant entity, we would need to have a shareholder or board resolution to designate a new legal representative and to take legal action to seek the return of the chop, apply for a new chop with the relevant authorities, or otherwise seek legal remedies for the legal representative's misconduct. If any of the designated legal representatives obtains and misuses or misappropriates our chops and seals or other controlling intangible assets for whatever reason, we could experience disruption to our normal business operations. We may have to take corporate or legal action, which could involve significant time and resources to resolve while distracting management from our operations, and our business and operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation of the draft PRC Foreign Investment Law, and its enactment may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

        We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders to operate our business in China. For a description of these contractual arrangements, see "Our History and Corporate Structure—Variable Interest Entity Contractual Arrangements." Our VIE holds courier service operation permits, ICP license and other regulated licenses. Our VIE operates our domestic mail delivery services in addition to parcel delivery services and value-added telecommunication business, in which foreign investment is prohibited or restricted. The PRC government may determine that the contractual arrangements necessary to form and control our VIE do not comply with PRC legal or regulatory requirements or policies that may be adopted in the future.

        In particular, the MOFCOM published a discussion draft of the proposed Foreign Investment Law in January 2015 aiming to, upon its enactment, replace the major existing laws and regulations governing foreign investment in China. While the MOFCOM solicited comments on this draft, substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation of the proposed legislation and the extent of revision to the currently proposed draft. The draft Foreign Investment Law, if enacted as proposed, may materially impact the entire legal framework regulating foreign investments in China.

        Among other things, the draft Foreign Investment Law purports to introduce the principle of "actual control" in determining whether a company is considered a foreign invested enterprise, or an FIE. The draft Foreign Investment Law specifically provides that entities established in China but "controlled" by foreign investors will be treated as FIEs, whereas an entity organized in a foreign jurisdiction, but cleared by the MOFCOM as "controlled" by PRC entities and/or citizens, would nonetheless be treated as a PRC domestic entity for investment in the "restriction category" or similar category that could appear on any such "negative list." In this connection, "control" is broadly defined in the draft law to cover any of the following summarized categories: (i) holding 50% or more of the voting rights or similar rights and interests of the subject entity; (ii) holding less than 50% of the voting rights or similar rights and interests of the subject entity but having the power to directly or indirectly appoint or otherwise secure at least 50% of the seats on the board or other equivalent decision making

41

Table of Contents

bodies, or having the voting power to materially influence the board, the shareholders' meeting or other equivalent decision making bodies; or (iii) having the power to exert decisive influence, via contractual or trust arrangements, over the subject entity's operations, financial, staffing and technology matters.

        Once an entity is determined to be an FIE, and its investment amount exceeds certain thresholds or its business operation falls within a "negative list" purported to be separately issued by the State Council in the future, market entry clearance by the MOFCOM or its local counterparts would be required.

        The "variable interest entity" structure, or VIE structure, has been adopted by many PRC-based companies, including us, to obtain necessary licenses and permits in the industries that are currently subject to foreign investment restrictions in China. Under the draft Foreign Investment Law, VIEs that are controlled via contractual arrangements would also be deemed as FIEs, if they are ultimately "controlled" by foreign investors. For any companies with a VIE structure in an industry category that is in the "restriction category" or similar category that could appear on any such "negative list," the existing VIE structure may be deemed legitimate only if the ultimate controlling person(s) is/are of PRC nationality (either PRC state owned enterprises or agencies, or PRC citizens). Conversely, if the actual controlling person(s) is/are of foreign nationalities, then the VIEs will be treated as FIEs, in which case, the existing VIE structures will likely to be scrutinized and subject to foreign investment restrictions and approval from the MOFCOM and other supervising authorities such as the industry and commerce, taxation, foreign exchange and audit regulators. Any operation in an industry category on the "negative list" without market entry clearance may be considered as illegal.

        However, there are significant uncertainties as to how the control status of our company and our VIE would be determined under the enacted version of the Foreign Investment Law. In addition, it is uncertain whether any of the businesses that we currently operate or plan to operate in the future through our VIE and the businesses operated by our equity investees with a VIE structure would be on the to-be-issued "negative list" and therefore be subject to any foreign investment restrictions or prohibitions. We also face uncertainties as to whether the enacted version of the Foreign Investment Law and the final "negative list" would mandate further actions, such as MOFCOM market entry clearance, to be completed by companies with existing VIE structure and whether such clearance can be timely obtained, or at all. If we or our equity investees with a VIE structure were not considered to be ultimately controlled by PRC domestic investors under the enacted version of the Foreign Investment Law, further actions required to be taken by us or such equity investees under the enacted Foreign Investment Law may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

        In addition, our corporate governance practices may be materially impacted and our compliance costs could increase if we were not considered as ultimately controlled by PRC domestic investors under the Foreign Investment Law, if enacted as currently proposed. For instance, the draft Foreign Investment Law as proposed purports to impose stringent ad hoc and periodic information reporting requirements on foreign investors and the applicable FIEs. Aside from investment implementation report and investment amendment report that would be required for each investment and alteration of investment specifics, an annual report would be mandatory, and large foreign investors meeting certain criteria would be required to report on a quarterly basis. Any company found to be non-compliant with these information reporting obligations could potentially be subject to fines and/or administrative or criminal liabilities, and the persons directly responsible could be subject to criminal liabilities.

42

Table of Contents

Risks Related to Doing Business in the People's Republic of China

Changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and may result in our inability to sustain our growth and expansion strategies.

        Substantially all of our operations are conducted in the PRC and substantially all of our revenue is sourced from the PRC. Accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations are affected to a significant extent by economic, political and legal developments in the PRC.

        The PRC economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the extent of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, and control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the PRC government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The PRC government also exercises significant control over China's economic growth by allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, regulating financial services and institutions and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.

        While the PRC economy has experienced significant growth in the past, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, the PRC government has implemented in the past certain measures to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity, which in turn could lead to a reduction in demand for our services and consequently have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition and results of operations.

There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.

        Substantially all of our operations are conducted in the PRC, and are governed by PRC laws, rules and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are subject to laws, rules and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China. The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.

        In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws, rules and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past four decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investment in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws, rules and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China or may be subject to significant degrees of interpretation by PRC regulatory agencies. In particular, because these laws, rules and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited number of published decisions and the nonbinding nature of such decisions, and because the laws, rules and regulations often give the relevant regulator significant discretion in how to enforce them, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws, rules and regulations involve uncertainties and can be inconsistent and unpredictable. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all, and which may have a retroactive effect. As a

43

Table of Contents

result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until after the occurrence of the violation.

        Any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts we have entered into and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business operations are extensively impacted by the policies and regulations of the PRC government. Any policy or regulatory change may cause us to incur significant compliance costs.

        We are subject to extensive national, provincial and local governmental regulations, policies and controls. Central governmental authorities and provincial and local authorities and agencies regulate many aspects of Chinese industries, including, among others and in addition to specific industry-related regulations, the following aspects: (i) operation of logistics and supply chain services; (ii) traffic and transport-related services; (iii) provision of supply chain solutions, transport services, financial services, retail services and operation of high technology businesses; (iv) environmental laws and regulations; (v) security laws and regulations; (vi) establishment of or changes in shareholder of foreign investment enterprises; (vii) foreign exchange; (viii) taxes, duties and fees; (ix) customs; and (x) land planning and land use rights, including establishment of urban transformation initiatives.

        The liabilities, costs, obligations and requirements associated with these laws and regulations may cause interruptions to our operations or impact our financial position and results of operations. Failure to comply with the relevant laws and regulations in our operations may result in various penalties, including, among others the suspension of our operations and thus adversely and materially affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the relevant government agencies will not change such laws or regulations or impose additional or more stringent laws or regulations. Compliance with such laws or regulations may require us to incur material capital expenditures or other obligations or liabilities.

The successful operation of our business depends upon the performance and reliability of the Internet infrastructure in China and other countries in which we operate.

        Our business depends on the performance and reliability of the Internet infrastructure in China and other countries in which we operate. Almost all access to the Internet in China is maintained through state-owned telecommunication operators under the administrative control and regulatory supervision of the MIIT. In addition, the national networks in China are connected to the Internet through state-owned international gateways, which are the only channels through which a domestic user can connect to the Internet outside of China. We may not have access to alternative networks in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with the Internet infrastructure in China or elsewhere. In addition, the Internet infrastructure in the countries in which we operate may not support the demands associated with continued growth in Internet usage.

        The failure of telecommunications network operators to provide us with the requisite bandwidth could also interfere with the speed and availability of our websites. We have no control over the costs of the services provided by the telecommunications operators. If the prices that we pay for telecommunications and Internet services rise significantly, our gross margins could be adversely affected. In addition, if Internet access fees or other charges to Internet users increase, activities in our ecosystem may decrease, which in turn may significantly decrease our revenue.

44

Table of Contents

Certain PRC regulations establish more complex procedures for acquisitions conducted by foreign investors that could make it more difficult for us to grow through acquisitions.

        On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the MOFCOM, the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, or the SASAC, the State Administration of Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or the SAIC, the CSRC, and the SAFE, jointly adopted the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, which came into effect on September 8, 2006 and were amended on June 22, 2009. The M&A Rules include, among other things, provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for the purpose of an overseas listing of securities in a PRC company obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle's securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by special purpose vehicles. However, substantial uncertainty remains regarding the scope and applicability of the M&A Rules to offshore special purpose vehicles.

        While the application of the M&A Rules remains unclear, we believe, based on the advice of our PRC counsel, King & Wood Mallesons, that the CSRC approval is not required in the context of this offering because (i) our PRC subsidiaries were incorporated as foreign-invested enterprises by means of foreign direct investments at the time of their incorporation, and (ii) we did not acquire any equity interests or assets of a PRC company owned by its controlling shareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC companies or individuals, as such terms are defined under the M&A Rules. There can be no assurance that the relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as our PRC counsel. If the CSRC or other PRC regulatory body subsequently determines that we need to obtain the CSRC's approval for this offering or if the CSRC or any other PRC government authorities promulgates any interpretation or implements rules before our listing that would require us to obtain CSRC or other governmental approvals for this offering, we may face adverse actions or sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies. In any such event, these regulatory agencies may impose fines and penalties on our operations in China, limit our operating privileges in China, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into the PRC or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as our ability to complete this offering. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt this offering before settlement and delivery of the ADSs offered by this prospectus. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to settlement and delivery, you do so at the risk that such settlement and delivery may not occur.

        The new regulations also established additional procedures and requirements that are expected to make merger and acquisition activities in China by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the MOFCOM be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise, or that the approval from the MOFCOM be obtained in circumstances where overseas companies established or controlled by PRC enterprises or residents acquire affiliated domestic companies. We may grow our business in part by acquiring other companies operating in our industry. Complying with the requirements of the new regulations to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including approval from the MOFCOM, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share. See "Regulation—Regulations Relating to M&A Rules and Overseas Listing."

45

Table of Contents

PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC-resident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries or limit our PRC subsidiaries' ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.

        SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents' Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as "SAFE Circular 75" promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of SAFE in connection with their direct establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents' legally owned assets or equity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a "special purpose vehicle." SAFE Circular 37 further requires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capital contributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in a special purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profit distributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent cross-border foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted in its ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for the Foreign Exchange Administration of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015 by SAFE, local qualified banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration for overseas direct investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.

        We have notified our substantial beneficial owners who we know are PRC residents of their obligations of applications, filings and amendments as required under SAFE Circular 37 and other related rules. Nevertheless, we may not be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. We do not have control over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of our PRC-resident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37, its implementation rules and other applicable foreign exchange rules, and there is no assurance that the registration under SAFE Circular 37 and any amendment will be completed in a timely manner, or will be completed at all. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their foreign exchange registrations in a timely manner pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, its implementation rules and other applicable foreign exchange rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with these registration requirements, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRC subsidiaries' ability to distribute dividends to our company, or we may be penalized by SAFE. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

        We are an offshore holding company conducting our operations in China through our PRC subsidiaries, our VIE and its subsidiaries. Any funds we transfer to our PRC subsidiaries, either as a shareholder loan or as an increase in registered capital, are subject to approval by or registration with

46

Table of Contents

relevant governmental authorities in China. According to the relevant PRC regulations on foreign-invested enterprises, or FIEs, in China, capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries are subject to the approval of or filing with the MOFCOM or its local branches and registration with other governmental authorities in China. In addition, (i) any foreign loan procured by our PRC subsidiaries is required to be registered with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or the SAFE, or its local branches, and (ii) each of our PRC subsidiaries may not procure loans which exceed the difference between its registered capital and its total investment amount as approved by the MOFCOM or its local branches. Any medium or long term loan to be provided by us to our VIE must be filed with the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, and the SAFE or its local branches in advance. We may not obtain these governmental approvals or complete such registrations on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future capital contributions or foreign loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries. If we fail to receive such approvals or complete such registrations, our ability to use the proceeds of this offering and to capitalize our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

        In 2008, the SAFE promulgated the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 142. SAFE Circular 142 regulates the conversion by FIEs of foreign currency into Renminbi by restricting the usage of converted Renminbi. SAFE Circular 142 provides that any Renminbi capital converted from registered capitals in foreign currency of FIEs may only be used for purposes within the business scopes approved by PRC governmental authority and such Renminbi capital may not be used for equity investments within China unless otherwise permitted by the PRC law. In addition, the SAFE strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of the Renminbi capital converted from registered capital in foreign currency of FIEs. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE approval, and such Renminbi capital may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans if the proceeds of such loans have not been utilized. As a result, we are required to apply Renminbi funds converted from the net proceeds we received from this offering within the business scopes of our PRC subsidiaries. On March 30, 2015, the SAFE promulgated the Circular on Reforming the Management Approach Regarding the Foreign Exchange Capital Settlement of Foreign-Invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19. SAFE Circular 19 took effect as of June 1, 2015 and superseded SAFE Circular 142 on the same date. SAFE Circular 19 launched a nationwide reform of the administration of the settlement of the foreign exchange capitals of FIEs and allows FIEs to settle their foreign exchange capital at their discretion, but continues to prohibit FIEs from using the Renminbi fund converted from their foreign exchange capitals for expenditure beyond their business scopes. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or SAFE Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in SAFE Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to issue loans to non-associated enterprises. Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer any foreign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from this offering, to our PRC subsidiaries, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business in the PRC. SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer to and use in China the net proceeds from this offering, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

        In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans or capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries or our VIE. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the

47

Table of Contents

proceeds we receive from this offering and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding our employee share incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.

        Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas non-publicly-listed companies due to their position as director, senior management or employees of the PRC subsidiaries of the overseas companies may submit applications to SAFE or its local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. Our directors, executive officers and other employees who are PRC residents or who are non-PRC residents residing in China for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, and who have been granted options may follow SAFE Circular 37 to apply for the foreign exchange registration before our company becomes an overseas listed company. After our company becomes an overseas listed company upon completion of this offering, we and our directors, executive officers and other employees who are PRC residents and who have been granted options will be subject to the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, or SAFE Circular 7, issued by SAFE in February 2012, according to which, employees, directors, supervisors and other management members participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC residents or who are non-PRC residents residing in China for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. We will make efforts to comply with these requirements upon completion of our initial public offering. However, there can be no assurance that they can successfully register with SAFE in full compliance with the rules. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit the ability to make payment under our share incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our wholly-foreign owned enterprises in China and limit our wholly-foreign owned enterprises' ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional share incentive plans for our directors and employees under PRC law.

The enforcement of the PRC Labor Contract Law, and other labor-related regulations in the PRC may increase our labor costs and limit our flexibility to use labor. Our failure to comply with PRC labor-related laws may expose us to penalties.

        On June 29, 2007, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China enacted the PRC Labor Contract Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008 and was amended on December 28, 2012. The PRC Labor Contract Law introduces specific provisions related to fixed-term employment contracts, part-time employment, probation, consultation with labor unions and employee assemblies, employment without a written contract, dismissal of employees, severance, and collective bargaining, which together represent enhanced enforcement of labor laws and regulations. According to the PRC Labor Contract Law, an employer is obliged to sign an unfixed-term labor contract with any employee who has worked for the employer for 10 consecutive years. Further, if an employee requests or agrees to renew a fixed-term labor contract that has already been entered into twice consecutively, the resulting contract must have an unfixed term, with certain exceptions. The employer must pay economic compensation to an employee where a labor contract is terminated or expires in accordance with the PRC Labor Contract Law, except for certain situations which are specifically regulated. As a result, our ability to terminate employees is significantly restricted. In addition, the government has issued various labor-related regulations to further protect the rights of employees. According to such laws and regulations, employees are entitled to annual leave ranging from five to 15 days and are able

48

Table of Contents

to be compensated for any untaken annual leave days in the amount of three times their daily salary, subject to certain exceptions. In the event that we decide to change our employment or labor practices, the PRC Labor Contract Law and its implementation rules may also limit our ability to effect those changes in a manner that we believe to be cost-effective. In addition, as the interpretation and implementation of these new regulations are still evolving, our employment practices may not be at all times deemed in compliance with the new regulations. If we are subject to severe penalties or incur significant liabilities in connection with labor disputes or investigations, our business and financial conditions may be adversely affected.

        Companies operating in China are required to participate in various government sponsored employee benefit plans, including certain social insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of their employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time. The requirement to maintain employee benefit plans has not been implemented consistently by local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. We did not pay, or were not able to pay, certain past social security and housing fund contributions in strict compliance with the relevant PRC regulations for and on behalf of our employees due to differences in local regulations and inconsistent implementation or interpretation by local authorities in the PRC and varying levels of acceptance of the housing fund system by our employees. We may be subject to fines and penalties for our failure to make payments in accordance with the applicable PRC laws and regulations. We may be required to make up the contributions for these plans as well as to pay late fees and fines. We have not made any accruals for the interest on underpayments and penalties that may be imposed by the relevant PRC government authorities in the financial statements. If we are subject to penalties, late fees or fines in relation to the underpaid employee benefits, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We rely to a significant extent on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiaries to fund offshore cash and financing requirements. Any limitation on the ability of our operating subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse impact on our ability to operate our business.

        We are a holding company and rely to a significant extent on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiaries and on remittances from our VIE, for our offshore cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, fund inter-company loans, service any debt and interest we may incur outside of China and pay our expenses. When our principal operating subsidiaries or our VIE incur additional debt, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions or remittances to us. Furthermore, the laws, rules and regulations applicable to our PRC subsidiaries and certain other subsidiaries permit payments of dividends only out of their retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with applicable accounting standards and regulations.

        Under PRC laws, rules and regulations, each of our subsidiaries incorporated in China is required to set aside at least 10% of its net income each year to fund certain statutory reserves until the cumulative amount of such reserves reaches 50% of its registered capital. These reserves, together with the registered capital, are not distributable as cash dividends. As a result of these laws, rules and regulations, our subsidiaries incorporated in China are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their respective net assets to their shareholders as dividends, loans or advances.

        In response to the persistent capital outflow in China and RMB's depreciation against U.S. dollar in the fourth quarter of 2016, the PBOC and the SAFE have implemented a series of capital control measures over recent months, including stricter vetting procedures for China-based companies to remit foreign currency for overseas acquisitions, dividend payments and shareholder loan repayments. For

49

Table of Contents

instance, on January 26, 2017, SAFE issued the Notice of State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Improving the Review of Authenticity and Compliance to Further Promote Foreign Exchange Control, or the SAFE Circular 3, which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance of profit from domestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) under the principle of genuine transaction, banks shall check board resolutions regarding profit distribution, the original version of tax filing records and audited financial statements; and (ii) domestic entities shall hold income to account for previous years' losses before remitting the profits. The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls, and more restrictions and substantial vetting process may be put in place by SAFE for cross-border transactions falling under both the current account and the capital account. Limitations on the ability of VIEs to make remittances to wholly-foreign owned enterprises and on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations of those entities, including to make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends to our shareholders, service debt and interest, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income tax on our global income.

        Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementing rules, enterprises established under the laws of jurisdictions outside of China with "de facto management bodies" located in China may be considered PRC tax resident enterprises for tax purposes and may be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their global income. "De facto management body" refers to a managing body that exercises substantive and overall management and control over the production and business, personnel, accounting books and assets of an enterprise. The State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Offshore-Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or Circular 82, on April 22, 2009. Circular 82 provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the "de facto management body" of a Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise is located in China. Although Circular 82 only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises, not those controlled by foreign enterprises or individuals, the determining criteria set forth in Circular 82 may reflect the State Administration of Taxation's general position on how the "de facto management body" test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of offshore enterprises, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises. If we were to be considered a PRC resident enterprise, we would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on our global income. In such case, our profitability and cash flow may be materially reduced as a result of our global income being taxed under the Enterprise Income Tax Law. We believe that none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term "de facto management body."

Dividends payable to our foreign investors and gains on the sale of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares by our foreign investors may become subject to PRC tax.

        Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation regulations issued by the State Council, a 10% PRC withholding tax is applicable to dividends payable to investors that are non-resident enterprises, which do not have an establishment or place of business in the PRC or which have such establishment or place of business but the dividends are not effectively connected with such establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends are derived from sources within the PRC. Similarly, any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares by such investors is also subject to PRC tax at a current rate of 10%, subject to any reduction or exemption set forth in applicable tax treaties or under applicable tax arrangements between jurisdictions, if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within the PRC. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise,

50

Table of Contents

dividends paid on our Class A ordinary shares or ADSs, and any gain realized from the transfer of our Class A ordinary shares or ADSs, would be treated as income derived from sources within the PRC and would as a result be subject to PRC taxation. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends payable to individual investors who are non-PRC residents and any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares by such investors may be subject to PRC tax at a current rate of 20%, subject to any reduction or exemption set forth in applicable tax treaties or under applicable tax arrangements between jurisdictions. If we or any of our subsidiaries established outside China are considered a PRC resident enterprise, it is unclear whether holders of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into between China and other countries or areas. If dividends payable to our non-PRC investors, or gains from the transfer of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares by such investors, are deemed as income derived from sources within the PRC and thus are subject to PRC tax, the value of your investment in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares may decline significantly.

We and our shareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises, assets attributed to a PRC establishment of non-Chinese company, or real property located in China owned by non-Chinese companies.

        On February 3, 2015, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7, which replaced or supplemented previous rules under the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or Circular 698, issued by the State Administration of Taxation, on December 10, 2009. Pursuant to this Bulletin, an "indirect transfer" of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident enterprises may be recharacterized and treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. According to Bulletin 7, "PRC taxable assets" include assets attributed to an establishment or place of business in China, real properties located in China, and equity investments in PRC resident enterprises, in respect of which gains from their transfer by a direct holder, being a non-PRC resident enterprise, would be subject to PRC enterprise income taxes. When determining whether there is a "reasonable commercial purpose" of the transaction arrangement, features to be taken into consideration include: whether the main value of the equity interest of the relevant offshore enterprise derives from PRC taxable assets; whether the assets of the relevant offshore enterprise mainly consists of direct or indirect investment in China or if its income mainly derives from China; whether the offshore enterprise and its subsidiaries directly or indirectly holding PRC taxable assets have real commercial nature which is evidenced by their actual function and risk exposure; the duration of existence of the business model and organizational structure; the foreign income tax liabilities arising from the indirect transfer of PRC taxable assets; the replicability of the transaction by direct transfer of PRC taxable assets; and the tax situation of such indirect transfer and applicable tax treaties or similar arrangements. In respect of an indirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC establishment or place of business, the resulting gain is to be included with the enterprise income tax filing of the PRC establishment or place of business being transferred, and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relates to the real properties located in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not related to a PRC establishment or place of business of a non-resident enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax of 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similar arrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. Where the payor fails to withhold any or sufficient tax, the transferor shall declare and pay such tax to the tax authority by itself within the statutory time limit. Late payment of applicable tax will subject the transferor to default interest. Bulletin 7 does not apply to transactions of

51

Table of Contents

sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange where such shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock exchange.

        There is uncertainty as to the application of Bulletin 7, or previous rules under Circular 698. Especially as Bulletin 7 is lately promulgated, it is not clear how it will be implemented. Bulletin 7 may be determined by the tax authorities to be applicable to our offshore restructuring transactions or sale of our ordinary shares or preferred shares, or those of our offshore subsidiaries, where non-resident enterprises, being the transferors, were involved. We thereby may be subject to the tax filing and withholding or tax payment obligation, while our PRC subsidiaries may be requested to assist in the filing. Furthermore, we, our non-resident enterprises and PRC subsidiaries may be required to spend valuable resources to comply with Bulletin 7 or to establish that we and our non-resident enterprises should not be taxed under Bulletin 7, for our previous and future restructuring or disposal of shares of our offshore subsidiaries, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

        The PRC tax authorities have the discretion under Bulletin 7 to make adjustments to the taxable capital gains based on the difference between the fair value of the taxable assets transferred and the cost of investment. If the PRC tax authorities make adjustments to the taxable income of the transactions under Bulletin 7, our income tax costs associated with such potential acquisitions or disposals could increase, which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize our cash effectively.

        Substantially all of our revenue is denominated in Renminbi. The Renminbi is currently convertible under the "current account," which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not under the "capital account," which includes foreign direct investment and loans, including loans we may secure from or for our onshore subsidiaries or our VIE. Currently, certain of our PRC subsidiaries may purchase foreign currency for settlement of "current account transactions," including payment of dividends to us, without the approval of SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, the relevant PRC governmental authorities may limit or eliminate our ability to purchase foreign currencies in the future for current account transactions. Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account remain subject to limitations and require approvals from, or registration with, SAFE and other relevant PRC governmental authorities. Since a significant amount of our future revenue will be denominated in Renminbi, any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize cash generated in Renminbi to fund our business activities outside of the PRC or pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs, and may limit our ability to obtain foreign currency through debt or equity financing for our subsidiaries and our VIE.

The audit report included in this prospectus is prepared by an auditor who has not been inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and, as such, our investors are deprived of the benefits of such inspection.

        Our independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included in this prospectus, as auditors of companies that are traded publicly in the U.S. and a firm registered with the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, is required by the laws of the U.S. to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the U.S. and professional standards. Because our auditors are located in the PRC, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB is currently unable to fully conduct inspections without the approval of the Chinese authorities, our auditors have not been inspected by the PCAOB.

52

Table of Contents

        Inspections of other firms that the PCAOB has conducted outside China have identified deficiencies in those firms' audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality. This lack of PCAOB inspections in China prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating our auditor's audits and its quality control procedures. As a result, investors in our company do not have the benefits of PCAOB inspections. Further, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our auditor's audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to PCAOB inspections.

If additional remedial measures are imposed on the "big four" China-based accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, in administrative proceedings brought by the SEC alleging such firms' failure to meet specific criteria set by the SEC with respect to requests for the production of documents, we could be unable to timely file future financial statements in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act.

        In December 2012, the SEC instituted proceedings under Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) of the SEC's Rules of Practice against five China-based accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, alleging that these firms had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC's rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms' work papers related to their audits of certain China-based companies that are publicly traded in the U.S. Rule 102(e)(1)(iii) grants the SEC the authority to deny to any person, temporarily or permanently, the ability to practice before the SEC who is found by the SEC, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, to have willfully violated any such laws or rules and regulations. On January 22, 2014, an initial administrative law decision was issued, censuring these accounting firms and suspending four of the five firms from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. Four of these China-based accounting firms appealed to the SEC against this decision and, on February 6, 2015, each of the four China-based accounting firms agreed to a censure and to pay a fine to the SEC to settle the dispute and avoid suspension of their ability to practice before the SEC. The firms' ability to continue to serve all their respective clients is not affected by the settlement. The settlement requires the firms to follow detailed procedures to seek to provide the SEC with access to Chinese firms' audit documents via the China Securities Regulatory Commission. If the firms do not follow these procedures, the SEC could impose penalties such as suspensions, or it could restart the administrative proceedings. The settlement did not require the firms to admit to any violation of law and preserves the firms' legal defenses in the event the administrative proceeding is restarted

        In the event that the SEC restarts the administrative proceedings, depending upon the final outcome, companies listed in the U.S. with major Chinese operations may find it difficult or impossible to retain auditors in respect of their operations in China, which could result in financial statements being determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, including possible delisting. Moreover, any negative news about any such future proceedings against these audit firms may cause investor uncertainty regarding China-based, U.S.-listed companies and the market price of our ADSs may be adversely affected.

        If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, even temporarily, the ability to practice before the SEC and we were unable to timely find another registered public accounting firm to audit and issue an opinion on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determined not to be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the delay or abandonment of this offering, delisting of the ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares from the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq Global Market or deregistration from the SEC, or both, which would substantially reduce or effectively terminate the trading of our ADSs in the U.S.

53

Table of Contents

Risks Related to This Offering

There has been no public market for our ordinary shares or ADSs prior to this offering, and you may not be able to resell our ADSs at or above the price you paid, or at all.

        Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our ordinary shares or ADSs. We will apply to list our ADSs representing Class A ordinary shares on the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq Global Market. Our Class A ordinary shares will not be listed on any exchange or quoted for trading on any over-the-counter trading system. If an active trading market for our ADSs does not develop after this offering, the market price and liquidity of our ADSs will be materially and adversely affected.

        Negotiations with the underwriters determined the initial public offering price for our ADSs which may bear no relationship to their market price after the initial public offering. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for our ADSs will develop or that the market price of our ADSs will not decline below the initial public offering price.

The trading price of our ADSs may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to you.

        The trading prices of our ADSs are likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, such as the performance and fluctuation in the market prices or the underperformance or deteriorating financial results of other listed companies based in China. The securities of some of these companies have experienced significant volatility since their initial public offerings, including, in some cases, substantial declines in the trading prices of their securities. The trading performances of other Chinese companies' securities after their offerings, including Internet and e-commerce companies, may affect the attitudes of investors toward Chinese companies listed in the U.S., which consequently may impact the trading performance of our ADSs, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, any negative news or perceptions about inadequate corporate governance practices or fraudulent accounting, corporate structure or matters of other Chinese companies may also negatively affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies in general, including us, regardless of whether we have conducted any inappropriate activities. In addition, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to our operating performance, such as the large decline in share prices in the U.S., China and other jurisdictions in late 2008, early 2009, the second half of 2011 and in 2015, which may have a material and adverse effect on the trading price of our ADSs.

        In addition to the above factors, the price and trading volume of our ADSs may be highly volatile due to multiple factors, such as announcements by us or our competitors of new product and service offerings, acquisitions, strategic relationships, joint ventures, capital raisings or capital commitments, additions or departures by our senior management and by actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations and changes or revisions of our expected results. The trading price and volume of our ADSs may also be affected by studies and reports relating to the quality of our service offerings or those of our competitors and reports by securities research analysts. Other factors include regulatory developments affecting us or our industry, customers or suppliers, as well as changes in the market for our services and the economic performance or market valuations of other companies offering supply chain services may affect trading in our ADSs. Further, the trading price and volume of our ADSs may also be influenced by fluctuations of exchange rates between the RMB and the U.S. dollar, release or expiry of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding shares or ADSs and sales or perceived potential sales of additional Class A ordinary shares or ADSs.

54

Table of Contents

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our ADSs and trading volume could decline.

        The trading market for our ADSs will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If research analysts do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our ADSs or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our ADSs would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for our ADSs to decline.

Techniques employed by short sellers may drive down the market price of our ADSs.

        Short selling is the practice of selling securities that the seller does not own but rather has borrowed from a third party with the intention of buying identical securities back at a later date to return to the lender. The short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value of the securities between the sale of the borrowed securities and the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects to pay less in that purchase than it received in the sale. As it is in the short seller's interest for the price of the security to decline, many short sellers publish, or arrange for the publication of, negative opinions regarding the relevant issuer and its business prospects in order to create negative market momentum and generate profits for themselves after selling a security short. These short attacks have, in the past, led to selling of shares in the market.

        Public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China have been the subject of short selling. Much of the scrutiny and negative publicity has centered on allegations of a lack of effective internal control over financial reporting resulting in financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result, many of these companies are now conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations and, in the interim, are subject to shareholder lawsuits and/or SEC enforcement actions.

        It is not clear what effect such negative publicity could have on us. If we were to become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we could have to expend a significant amount of resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend ourselves. While we would strongly defend against any such short seller attacks, we may be constrained in the manner in which we can proceed against the relevant short seller by principles of freedom of speech, applicable state law or issues of commercial confidentiality. Such a situation could be costly and time-consuming, and could distract our management from growing our business. Even if such allegations are ultimately proven to be groundless, allegations against us could severely impact our business operations and stockholders equity, and any investment in our ADSs could be greatly reduced or rendered worthless.

As our initial public offering price is substantially higher than our net tangible book value per share, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

        If you purchase ADSs in this offering, you will pay more for your ADSs than the amount paid by existing shareholders for their ordinary shares on a per ADS basis. As a result, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution of approximately US$            per ADS (assuming no exercise of outstanding options to acquire Class A ordinary shares and no exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional ADSs), representing the difference between our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per ADS of US$            as of March 31, 2017, after giving effect to this offering, and the assumed public offering price of US$            per ADS, the mid-point of the estimated price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus. In addition, you will experience further dilution to the extent that

55

Table of Contents

our ordinary shares are issued upon the exercise of share options. All of the ordinary shares issuable upon the exercise of currently outstanding share options will be issued at a purchase price on a per ADS basis that is less than the public offering price per ADS in this offering. See "Dilution" for a more complete description of how the value of your investment in our ADSs will be diluted upon completion of this offering.

Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future after this offering, you must rely on price appreciation of our ADSs for return on your investment.

        We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings after this offering to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. See "Dividend Policy." Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in our ADSs as a source for any future dividend income.

        Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in our ADSs will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of our ADSs. There is no guarantee that our ADSs will appreciate in value after this offering or even maintain the price at which you purchased the ADSs. You may not realize a return on your investment in our ADSs and you may even lose your entire investment in our ADSs.

Substantial future sales or perceived potential sales of our ADSs in the public market could cause the price of our ADSs to decline.

        Sales of our ADSs in the public market after this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our ADSs to decline significantly. Upon completion of this offering, we will have            ordinary shares outstanding, comprising            Class A ordinary shares and             Class B ordinary shares and            Class C ordinary shares, including            Class A ordinary shares represented by ADSs newly issued in connection with this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs. All ADSs representing our Class A ordinary shares sold in this offering will be freely transferable by persons other than our "affiliates" without restriction or additional registration under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. All of the other Class A ordinary shares outstanding after this offering will be available for sale, upon the expiration of the lock-up periods described elsewhere in this prospectus beginning from the date of this prospectus (if applicable to such holder), subject to volume and other restrictions as applicable under Rules 144 and 701 under the Securities Act. Any or all of these ordinary shares may be released prior to the expiration of the applicable lock-up period at the discretion of the designated representatives. To the extent shares are released before the expiration of the applicable lock-up period and sold into the market, the market price of our ADSs could decline significantly. See "Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Lock-Up Agreements."

        Certain major holders of our ordinary shares after completion of this offering will have the right to cause us to register under the Securities Act the sale of their shares, subject to the applicable lock-up periods in connection with this offering. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would

56

Table of Contents

result in ADSs representing these shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration. Sales of these registered shares in the form of ADSs in the public market could cause the price of our ADSs to decline significantly.

        We have adopted the 2008 equity and performance incentive plan, under which we have the discretion to grant a broad range of equity-based awards to eligible participants. See "Management—Share Incentive Plan." We intend to register all ordinary shares that we may issue under this share incentive plan. Once we register these ordinary shares, they can be freely sold in the public market in the form of ADSs upon issuance, subject to volume limitations applicable to affiliates and the lock-up agreements described in the "Underwriting" section of this prospectus. If a large number of our ordinary shares or securities convertible into our ordinary shares are sold in the public market in the form of ADSs after they become eligible for sale, the sales could reduce the trading price of our ADSs and impede our ability to raise future capital. In addition, any ordinary shares that we issue under our share incentive plans would dilute the percentage ownership held by the investors who purchase ADSs in this offering.

As a holder of ADSs, you have fewer rights than holders of our ordinary shares and must act through the depositary to exercise those rights.

        Holders of ADSs do not have the same rights as our registered shareholders. As a holder of our ADSs, you will not have any direct right to attend general meetings of our shareholders or to cast any votes at such meetings. You will only be able to exercise the voting rights which attach to the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs indirectly by giving voting instructions to the depositary in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will try, as far as is practicable, to vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares in accordance with your instructions. You will not be able to exercise directly any right to vote with respect to the underlying Class A ordinary shares unless you withdraw the shares and become the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general meeting. Under our amended articles of association that will become effective upon completion of this offering, the minimum notice period required to be given by our company to our registered shareholders to convene a general meeting will be       days. When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient notice of the meeting to enable you to withdraw the Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs and become the registered holder of such shares to allow you to attend the general meeting or to cast your vote directly with respect to any specific matter or resolution to be considered and voted upon at the general meeting. In addition, under our amended articles of association that will become effective upon completion of this offering, for the purposes of determining those shareholders who are entitled to attend and vote at any general meeting, our directors may close our register of members and/or fix in advance a record date for such meeting, and such closure of our register of members or the setting of such a record date may prevent you from withdrawing the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs and becoming the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date, so that you would not be able to attend the general meeting or to vote directly. Where any matter is to be put to a vote at a general meeting, we will make all reasonable efforts to cause the depositary to notify you of the upcoming vote and to deliver our voting materials to you in a timely manner, but there can be no assurance that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote the Class A ordinary shares underlying your ADSs. Furthermore, the depositary and its agents will not be responsible for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote, for the manner in which any vote is cast or for the effect of any such vote. As a result, you may not be able to exercise your right to direct how the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs are voted, and you may lack recourse if the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs are not voted as you requested. In addition, in your capacity as an ADS holder, you will not be able to call a shareholders' meeting.

57

Table of Contents

Your right to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to your holdings.

        We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we cannot make rights available to you in the U.S. unless we register both the rights and the securities to which the rights relate under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirements is available. Under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not make rights available to you unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ADS holders are either registered under the Securities Act or exempt from registration under the Securities Act. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective and we may not be able to establish a necessary exemption from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, you may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in your holdings.

You may not receive cash dividends if the depositary decides it is impractical to make them available to you.

        The depositary will pay cash dividends on the ADSs only to the extent that we decide to distribute dividends on our ordinary shares or other deposited securities, and we do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. See "Dividend Policy." To the extent that our company pays any cash dividends or other distributions to our shareholders, we will pay such distributions which are payable in respect of our Class A ordinary shares (or other deposited securities) represented by ADSs to the depositary of our ADSs or the custodian (as the registered holder of such Class A ordinary shares or other deposited securities), and the depositary has agreed to pay the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on our Class A ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses, to the holders of the ADSs. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of Class A ordinary shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary may, at its discretion, decide that it is inequitable or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, the depositary may determine that it is not practicable to distribute certain property through the mail, or that the value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of mailing them. In these cases, the depositary may decide not to distribute such property to you.

You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.

        Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deems it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.

Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.

        We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Substantially all of our assets are located outside the U.S. In addition, all of our directors and executive officers and the experts named in this prospectus reside outside the U.S., and most of their assets are located outside the U.S. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against them in the U.S. in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands, China or other relevant jurisdiction may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. For more information regarding the relevant laws of the Cayman Islands and China, see "Enforcement of Civil Liabilities."

58

Table of Contents

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.

        We are an exempted company limited by shares incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Law (2016 Revision) of the Cayman Islands and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the U.S. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the U.S. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the U.S.

        Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors will have discretion under our amended articles of association that will become effective upon completion of this offering, to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder resolution or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

        As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the U.S. For a discussion of significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Law (2016 Revision) of the Cayman Islands and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the U.S. and their shareholders, see "Description of Share Capital—Differences in Corporate Law. "

Our articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could discourage a third party from acquiring us, which could limit our shareholders' opportunity to sell their shares, including Class A ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, at a premium.

        We intend to adopt amended and restated articles of association that will become effective upon the completion of this offering. These articles will contain provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. For example, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our ordinary shares, in the form of ADS or otherwise. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue

59

Table of Contents

preferred shares, the price of our ADSs may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.

        These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction.

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.

        Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the U.S. that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including: (i) the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K; (ii) the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; (iii) the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and (iv) the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD.

        We are required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend to publish our results on a quarterly basis as press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq Global Market. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.