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TABLE OF CONTENTS
NETSTREIT CORP. INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 17, 2020
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-11
FOR REGISTRATION UNDER THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OF SECURITIES
OF CERTAIN REAL ESTATE COMPANIES
NETSTREIT Corp.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in governing instruments)
5910 N. Central Expressway
Suite 1600
Dallas, Texas 75206
972-200-7100
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)
Mark Manheimer
President and Chief Executive Officer
NETSTREIT Corp.
5910 N. Central Expressway
Suite 1600
Dallas, Texas 75206
972-200-7100
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)
Copies to:
Christina T. Roupas | Daniel M. LeBey | |
Courtney M.W. Tygesson | Vinson & Elkins LLP | |
Winston & Strawn LLP | 901 East Byrd Street, Suite 1500 | |
35 West Wacker Drive | Richmond, VA 23219 | |
Chicago, IL 60601 | 804-327-6310 | |
312-558-5600 | 804-479-8286 (Facsimile) | |
312-558-5700 (Facsimile) |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following box. o
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, check the following box. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. o
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer o |
Smaller reporting company ý
Emerging growth company ý |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ý
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Title of Securities
Being Registered |
Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering Price(1) |
Amount of
Registration Fee |
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Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share |
$100,000,000 | $12,980 | ||
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The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date or dates as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion, dated July 17, 2020
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
NETSTREIT CORP.
SHARES OF COMMON STOCK
This is the initial public offering of NETSTREIT Corp., a Maryland corporation. We are offering shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share ("common stock"), and the selling stockholders named in this prospectus are offering shares of our common stock. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of our common stock by the selling stockholders.
We expect the public offering price to be between $ and $ per share. Currently, no public market exists for the shares. We have applied to list our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "NTST."
We are an "emerging growth company" as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, and will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements.
We believe that we have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under the U.S. federal income tax laws, commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2019, and we expect to satisfy the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the U.S. federal income tax laws for our taxable year ending December 31, 2020 and subsequent taxable years. To assist us in qualifying as a REIT, among other reasons, our charter generally limits beneficial ownership of our common stock by any person to no more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding common stock or of any class or series of our preferred stock, or more than 9.8% of the aggregate value of all our outstanding stock. Our charter contains various other restrictions on the ownership and transfer of shares of our stock. See "Description of Our Capital Stock Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer."
Investing in our common stock involves risks. You should read the section titled "Risk Factors" beginning on page 31 for a discussion of certain risk factors that you should consider before investing in our common stock.
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Per Share | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public offering price |
$ | $ | |||||
Underwriting discount(1) |
$ | $ | |||||
Offering proceeds to us before expenses |
$ | $ | |||||
Offering proceeds to selling stockholders before expenses |
$ | $ |
We have granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional shares of our common stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount, within 30 days after the date of this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock on or about , 2020.
Joint Book-Running Managers |
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Wells Fargo Securities |
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BofA Securities |
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Citigroup |
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Stifel |
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Jefferies |
The date of this prospectus is , 2020
None of us, the selling stockholders or the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representation other than as contained in this prospectus or any free writing prospectus prepared by, or on behalf of, us. We, the selling stockholders and the underwriters take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We, the selling stockholders and the underwriters are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. The information contained in this prospectus and any free-writing prospectus prepared by us is current only as of the respective date of such document or as of another date specified therein. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
i
In this prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires or indicates:
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iii
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Unless the context otherwise requires or indicates, all portfolio data contained in this prospectus reflects properties owned by us on July 13, 2020 and is provided as of such date. However, ABR as of such date does not take into account rent abatement or rent deferral. For those properties that had rent abated for July 2020, we have substituted the amount of the next contractually due rental payment (which, in some cases, is different than the base rent previously in effect) in place of rental payments for the month ending July 31, 2020 to calculate ABR. As of July 13, 2020, seven properties comprising 4.2% of ABR have rent abatement for July 2020 and four properties comprising 1.1% of ABR have rent abatement for August 2020. The Company has not agreed to any rent abatement after August 2020. With respect to rent deferrals, tenants generally will be required to repay the deferred rental amounts ratably over the balance of the lease term. For those properties that had rent deferred for July 2020, we have substituted the next contractually due rental payment in place of rental payments for the month ending July 31, 2020 to calculate ABR. As of July 13, 2020, two properties comprising 0.8% of ABR have rent deferral for July 2020. The Company has not agreed to any rent deferral after July 2020. In addition, with respect to properties under development, we calculate ABR using the first full month's permanent cash rent contractually due after the development period.
We use market data and industry forecasts throughout this prospectus, and in particular in the sections titled "Prospectus Summary," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Market Opportunity" and "Our Business and Properties." Unless otherwise indicated, we derived such information from the market study prepared for us by Rosen Consulting Group ("RCG"), a nationally-recognized real estate consulting firm. Such information is included in this prospectus in reliance on RCG's authority as an expert on such matters. We have paid RCG a fee of $62,500 for such services. In addition, we have obtained certain market and industry data from publicly available industry publications. These sources generally state that the information they provide has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of the information are not guaranteed. The industry forecasts and projections are based on historical market data and the preparers' experience in the industry, and there is no assurance that any of the projected amounts will be achieved. We believe that the market and industry research others have performed are reliable, but we have not independently verified this information.
On December 23, 2019, we completed our formation transactions pursuant to which, among other things, our predecessor was merged with and into our operating partnership. The financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the period from January 1, 2019 to December 22, 2019 included in this prospectus are those of our predecessor. The financial statements for the periods from December 23, 2019 to December 31, 2019 and thereafter included in this prospectus are those of the Company.
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This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus, but it does not contain all of the information that you may consider important in making your investment decision. Before deciding to invest in our common stock, you should carefully read the entire prospectus including, in particular, "Risk Factors" and the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information and financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to "we," "our," "us" and "our company" refer to our predecessor for the periods prior to the completion of our formation transactions, which occurred on December 23, 2019, and, for periods after the completion of our formation transactions, NETSTREIT Corp., a Maryland corporation, and its subsidiaries, including NETSTREIT, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to in this prospectus as "our operating partnership." See "Glossary" for certain defined terms used in this prospectus.
Unless otherwise indicated, the information contained in this prospectus is as of March 31, 2020 and assumes that the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is not exercised and the common stock to be sold in this offering is sold at $ per share, which is the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover of this prospectus.
We are an internally-managed real estate company that acquires, owns and manages a diversified portfolio of single-tenant, retail commercial real estate subject to long-term net leases with high credit quality tenants across the United States. Our growth and diversification strategy focuses on tenants in industries where a physical location is critical to the generation of sales and profits, with a focus on necessity goods and essential services in the retail sector, including discount stores, grocers, drug stores and pharmacies, home improvement, automotive service and quick-service restaurants, which we refer to as defensive retail industries. We believe these characteristics make our tenants' businesses e-commerce resistant and resilient through all economic cycles. The majority of our portfolio is comprised of properties leased to tenants operating in these defensive retail industries, with 88.5% of our ABR stemming from necessity, discount and/or service-oriented industries. We generally target properties with a purchase price between $1 million and $10 million, a segment of the market that we believe is undercapitalized and where we can maintain a consistent pipeline of relatively small assets to acquire on attractive terms without the threat of broad competition. We also selectively review larger properties with a purchase price in excess of $10 million, which we typically lease to investment grade tenants like Walmart and Home Depot, when we believe the acquisition will be accretive to the quality of our portfolio. The average purchase price of a property in our portfolio is $3.2 million, and our leases typically have initial lease terms of at least 10 years and contain two or more options for the tenant to extend the lease term, most often for additional five-year periods. Approximately 64.0% of our ABR is from investment grade credit rated tenants, which historically have exhibited a strong track record of making scheduled rental payments, showing resilience during times of economic downturn. We believe that our multi-faceted acquisition strategy, combined with our disciplined underwriting approach, highlighted by a dual focus on tenant credit and real estate fundamentals, and supported by a conservative, flexible balance sheet to enable accretive growth from the outset, will allow us to maximize stockholder value while generating attractive risk-adjusted returns with an emphasis on stable rental revenue.
Our diversified portfolio consists of 163 single-tenant retail net leased properties spanning 34 states, with tenants representing 53 different brands or concepts across 23 retail sectors. Our portfolio generates ABR of $34.5 million and is 100% occupied, with a WALT of 11.2 years and consisting of approximately 64.0% investment grade tenants by ABR, which we believe provides us with a strong, stable source of recurring cash flow from which to grow our portfolio. None of our tenants represent more than 12.7% of our portfolio by ABR, and our top 10 largest tenants represent in aggregate 56.8% of
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our ABR. Our top 10 tenants are 7-Eleven, Walmart, CVS, Ollie's Bargain Outlet, Lowe's, Advance Auto Parts, Dollar General, Walgreens, Home Depot and Kohl's. More than 91% of the leases in our portfolio are triple-net, with the remaining leases double-net. As a result of this net lease structure, we do not expect to incur significant capital expenditures relating to our portfolio.
We believe the following competitive strengths distinguish us from our competitors and allow us to compete effectively in the single-tenant retail net leased property market.
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relationships with the investment banking and institutional investor communities will assist us in future capital raising activities as we grow our portfolio.
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based sourcing strategy will continue to generate a sustainable pipeline of opportunities to drive growth and achieve scale through the efficient deployment of capital raised in this offering. While our general and administrative expenses will continue to rise in some measure as our portfolio grows, we expect that such expenses as a percentage of our portfolio will decrease over time following this offering, due to efficiencies and economies of scale. With our smaller asset base relative to other public REITs that focus on acquiring net leased real estate, we believe that superior growth can be achieved through manageable acquisition volume. As of , we were party to purchase and sale agreements and non-binding letters of intent for the acquisition of a total of properties with an aggregate expected purchase price of approximately $ million. See " Pending Investment Activity."
Our Business and Growth Strategies
Our objective is to maximize stockholder value by generating attractive risk-adjusted returns through owning, managing and growing a diversified portfolio of commercially desirable properties. We intend to pursue our objective through the following business and growth strategies.
We believe this multi-faceted investment strategy will provide us with greater flexibility to opportunistically build our portfolio and differentiate us from other public REITs pursuing a more limited investment strategy.
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Estate Investments, Inc. (formerly known as Cole Credit Property Trust III, Inc. ("Cole")) and Executive Vice President Head of Asset Management for Spirit. Mr. Manheimer's extensive experience has allowed him to develop a broad network of long-standing relationships with retailers, brokers, intermediaries, private equity firms and others in the net lease industry, which we believe will provide us with an ongoing pipeline of both marketed and off-market investment opportunities. We also anticipate leveraging our extensive developer relationships to partner on build-to-suit and reverse build-to-suit transactions.
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Since the initial closing of the private offering, we have acquired 72 single-tenant retail net lease properties with an aggregate purchase price of $264.0 million. Our diversified portfolio consists of 163 single-tenant retail net leased properties spanning 34 states, with tenants representing 53 different brands or concepts across 23 retail sectors. Our portfolio consists of 3.0 million square feet and is 100% occupied.
Our portfolio generates ABR of $34.5 million. Our portfolio has a WALT of 11.2 years and consists of approximately 64.0% and 6.5% of investment grade tenants and high-quality unrated tenants, respectively, by ABR. None of our tenants represent more than 12.7% of our portfolio by ABR, and our top 10 largest tenants represent in aggregate 56.8% of our ABR. Nine of our top 10 tenants are publicly traded companies and nine have investment grade credit ratings, in addition to Ollie's Bargain Outlet, a high-quality unrated tenant.
7-Eleven (Baa1 (Moody's); AA- (S&P)). 7-Eleven is the world's largest convenience retailer. Based in Irving, Texas, 7-Eleven operates, franchises and/or licenses more than 70,000 stores in 17 countries, including 11,800 stores in North America.
Walmart (Aa2 (Moody's); AA (S&P); NYSE: WMT). Founded in 1945 and headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, Walmart provides the opportunity to shop in retail stores and through e-commerce.
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Walmart has approximately 11,500 stores under 56 banners in 27 countries and e-commerce websites in 10 countries.
CVS (Baa2 (Moody's); BBB (S&P); NYSE: CVS). CVS is the nation's premier health innovation company helping people on their path to better health. Headquartered in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, CVS operates more than 9,900 retail locations in 49 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.
Ollie's Bargain Outlet (unrated; NASDAQ: OLLI). Founded in 1982 and headquartered in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Ollie's Bargain Outlet is a highly differentiated and fast-growing, extreme value retailer of brand name merchandise at drastically reduced prices. Ollie's Bargain Outlet operates approximately 360 stores in 25 states.
Lowe's (Baa1 (Moody's); BBB+ (S&P); NYSE: LOW). Lowe's is a FORTUNE 50 home improvement company in the United States, Canada and Mexico that was founded in 1946. Lowe's operates or services more than 2,220 home improvement and hardware stores and is headquartered in Mooresville, North Carolina.
Advance Auto Parts (Baa2 (Moody's); BBB- (S&P); NYSE: AAP). Advance Auto Parts is a leading automotive aftermarket parts provider in North America that serves both professional installer and do-it-yourself customers. As of April 18, 2020, Advance operated 4,843 stores and 168 Worldpac branches in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The Company also serves 1,258 independently owned Carquest branded stores across these locations in addition to Mexico, the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos and British Virgin Islands. Advance Auto Parts was founded in 1932 and is headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Dollar General (Baa2 (Moody's); BBB (S&P); NYSE: DG). Dollar General offers products that are frequently used and replenished, such as food, snacks, health and beauty aids, cleaning supplies, basic apparel, housewares and seasonal items at low prices in convenient neighborhood locations since 1939. Dollar General operates 16,500 stores in 46 states and is headquartered in Goodlettsville, Tennessee.
Walgreens (Baa2 (Moody's); BBB (S&P); NASDAQ: WBA). Walgreens is a global leader in retail and wholesale pharmacy that was founded in 1901 and is headquartered in Deerfield, Illinois. Walgreens has a presence in more than 25 countries and has more than 18,750 stores.
Home Depot (A2 (Moody's); A (S&P); NYSE: HD). Home Depot is the world's largest home improvement retailer, with approximately 2,300 stores in the United States, Canada and Mexico. Home Depot was founded in 1978 and headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.
Kohl's (Baa2 (Moody's); BBB- (S&P); NYSE: KSS). Kohl's is a leading omnichannel retailer. Additionally, in July 2019, all Kohl's locations began accepting free, convenient, unpackaged returns for Amazon customers. Founded in 1988, Kohl's operates more than 1,100 stores across 49 states and is headquartered in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin.
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Diversification by Industry, Tenant and Geography
with Concentration in Necessity, Discount and/or Service Industries
The majority of our portfolio is comprised of properties leased to tenants operating in defensive retail industries, with 88.5% of our ABR stemming from necessity, discount and/or service-oriented industries. Necessity-based industries are those that are considered essential by consumers and include sectors such as drug stores, grocers and home improvement. Discount retailers offer a low price point and consist of off-price and dollar stores. Service-oriented industries consist of retailers that provide services rather than goods, including, for example, tire and auto services and quick service restaurants.
The following chart illustrates the percentage of our ABR attributable to defensive retail industries.
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The breakdown of our necessity-based retail, discount-focused, service-oriented and other, non-defensive retail industries by percentage of ABR is set forth below.
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We continue to thoughtfully curate a high-quality portfolio by adhering to the following strict underwriting criteria:
Our leases typically have initial lease terms of at least 10 years and contain two or more options for the tenant to extend the lease term, most often for additional five-year periods. More than 91% of the leases in our portfolio are triple-net, with the remaining leases double-net. Given that approximately 64.0% of our tenants have an investment grade credit rating, a limited number of our leases contain a rent escalation provision over the term of the lease. The leases in our portfolio provide for an average
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0.93% increase in ABR. Our lease turnover through 2024 is 1.4% of ABR (assuming no exercise of contractual extension options). As we expand our portfolio, we will seek to include rent escalation provisions as part of our leases with unrated and sub-investment grade tenants. We currently lease properties on an individual basis, but we may implement master lease structures as appropriate going forward, pursuant to which we will lease multiple properties to a single tenant on an all-or-none basis.
The leases in our portfolio have a WALT of 11.2 years, with no lease expiring prior to April 2022. The following chart illustrates the ABR of our portfolio attributable to leases expiring during the specified periods (assuming no exercise of contractual extension options).
Lease Expiration Year
|
ABR
($ in 000's) |
% of
ABR(1) |
Number of
Properties |
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2020 |
| | | |||||||
2021 |
| | | |||||||
2022 |
112.2 | 0.3 | % | 1 | ||||||
2023 |
354.8 | 1.0 | % | 4 | ||||||
2024 |
| | | |||||||
2025 |
1,456.2 | 4.2 | % | 5 | ||||||
2026 |
1,705.2 | 4.9 | % | 6 | ||||||
2027 |
2,176.1 | 6.3 | % | 8 | ||||||
2028 |
2,745.9 | 8.0 | % | 19 | ||||||
2029 |
2,136.8 | 6.2 | % | 13 | ||||||
2030 and thereafter |
23,770.6 | 69.0 | % | 107 | ||||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total |
$ | 34,457.7 | 100.0 | % | 163 | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net Lease Market Overview
The outlook for the net lease market continues to be positive for the following reasons:
Characteristics of Net Lease Properties
Relative to other commercial property types, net lease properties generally feature stable rents with minimal property management responsibilities or operating expenses and inflation mitigation measures embedded in many net lease contracts. Net leases typically have longer lease terms than gross leases. The initial term of a net lease is often more than 10 years, with options to extend the lease, and in some
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cases can be 20 to 25 years or more. With its predictable cash flows paid at regular intervals, the net lease structure exhibits similar characteristics to interest-bearing corporate bonds.
Through varying types of economic cycles, net lease real estate rents are typically more stable than those of other commercial property types. During the recession in 2008 and 2009, when the average rent declined in many commercial real estate sectors, the average rent growth for net lease real estate remained positive.
U.S. Average Change in Rent(1)
Sources: PwC Real Estate Investor Survey, RCG.
Importance of Tenant Underwriting and Real Estate Location
As net leases generally have longer terms than gross leases, including extension options, many net leases can span multiple economic cycles, minimizing retenanting risk. If a net lease tenant vacates, the property reverts to the landlord and may hold residual value depending upon the location, quality and other characteristics of the property. Net lease properties are often key sites that are mission-critical to a tenant's core business. The mission-critical nature of these sites may also contribute to tenants prioritizing the payment of rent during the economic slowdowns or shutdowns. The importance of each location often means that tenants are committed for the longer term, helping to minimize some of the vacancy risk associated with commercial real estate.
The financial strength of a tenant, as well as the long-term outlook for the tenant's industry, can potentially reduce risks from economic or real estate downturns. Tenants with stronger corporate balance sheets may be less likely to default on rent payments, ask for rent relief and rent concessions, or shutter locations, helping to minimize vacancy risk or the risk of not collecting rent. Corporate credit ratings for tenants can be instrumental in helping owners of net lease properties underwrite the risk of a tenant, similar to how they help corporate bond investors assess the risk or creditworthiness of an issuer.
Notwithstanding economic restrictions related to COVID-19, including economic lockdowns and stay-at-home ordinances, rent collection levels for net lease retail tenants were higher than shopping center and mall rent collection levels. With many essential services establishments, such as pharmacies and food service, occupying net lease real estate, many tenants remained in operation throughout the economic shutdowns which allowed these tenants to continue to meet rent obligations. In addition, investment grade tenants with stronger balance sheets were also better positioned to make on-time rent payments. Within the free standing retail segment, which is comprised of primarily net lease retail real estate, 70.1% of tenants paid rent in May compared with only 47.7% of shopping center tenants, according to the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT). By June, with most local
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economies reopening, the rent collection level for free standing retail real estate surpassed April and May levels.
Net Lease Investment Market
The net lease real estate market is highly fragmented and undercapitalized, creating significant opportunities for well-capitalized investors with market knowledge, sector expertise and deal-sourcing capabilities. A large number of net lease properties are located in secondary and tertiary markets, and in many cases the property values are less than $10 million, a size that may deter large institutional investors from competing for assets. The pandemic-induced recession may cause liquidity issues and financial stress for certain undercapitalized investors, which may in turn push them to sell their properties. The lack of competition from institutional capital and the fragmented nature of the net lease sector provide opportunities for well-capitalized and experienced investors to gain scale, act as consolidators and continue to institutionalize the net lease sector.
The unique attributes of net lease real estate, and the low interest rate environment of recent years have led to strong investor appetite for net lease properties. Despite the decrease in investment activity during the pandemic-induced recession, the stability of net lease real estate may attract additional capital to the sector, potentially driving a quicker recovery in single-tenant sales volume. The passive income stream generated by net lease properties and the typically smaller asset values make for attractive assets in like-kind exchange transactions. Also known as 1031 exchanges, these transactions have timing deadlines that can, at times, continue to drive transaction volume even in economic downturns. In recent years, the volume of like-kind exchanges were stable, potentially highlighting the continued level of transaction activity for this type of product.
The strong investment interest in net lease real estate in recent years drove cap rates for single-tenant properties to historical lows. While the single-tenant property cap rate remained low, the spread to corporate bond yields remained relatively wide. Through December 2019, the single-tenant cap rate to BBB corporate bond yield spread increased to 287 basis points, compared with the long-term average since 2001 of 187 basis points. In early 2020, with corporate bond yields falling, the spread widened to 320 basis points; however, recent increases in corporate bond yields reduced the spread to 278 basis points in May, yet the spread remained greater than the long-term average. As net lease real estate can offer stable income streams with characteristics similar to those of income yielding bonds, the wide spread between corporate bond yields and the stable cap rate highlights the potential opportunity for attractive risk-adjusted returns.
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Retail Market Overview
Retail Market and Online Trends
Since 2009, online sales have increased at a faster pace than overall retail sales, underscoring the shift in some categories towards online retailers. Notwithstanding their faster growth, online sales account for a relatively small portion of total retail sales, or approximately 11.8% in the first quarter of 2020, according to the Census Bureau.
While online sales have taken some sales away from physical storefronts, many retailers have adapted by utilizing multiple sales channels to sell goods to consumers. As consumers continue to seek more apparel, home goods, electronics, and other purchases through online channels, the retail landscape will continue to adapt to changing consumer habits. Retailers with integrated sales channels and strong financial resources are typically better able to respond to changes in consumer preferences, an ability highlighted by essential services during the pandemic crisis. Many of these essential retailers, often occupying net lease real estate, were able to adapt integrated sales channels to allow consumers to purchase goods online and pick up items at local stores. Omnichannel retailers, particularly those with strong corporate balance sheets and those that can adapt quickly, will be better poised to become the retailers of choice in the future. Some retail categories, such as discount stores, grocers, drug stores and pharmacies, home improvement, automotive service and quick-service restaurants, have business models that are harder to replicate online and are therefore more insulated from online competition.
Consumer Behavior During COVID-19 Pandemic
Consumer needs and behavior during the recent economic shutdown induced by COVID-19 have highlighted the relative resilience of tenants that operate businesses that rely on physical locations for the sale of necessity goods and essential services, including discount stores, grocers, drug stores and pharmacies, as well as the need for access to online purchases, curbside pickup, drive-throughs and home delivery services.
Our predecessor owned a net lease property portfolio consisting of 114 properties and 1.6 million total building square feet across 30 states that was 98.7% occupied. As of June 30, 2018, the occupied properties generated $22.4 million of ABR, with the top five tenants being CVS (9.9% of ABR), Shopko (8.6% of ABR), Dollar General (7.7% of ABR), Walgreens (7.0% of ABR), and Lowe's (6.3% of ABR).
In advance of the private offering, we selectively disposed of 33 properties from June 30, 2018 to December 22, 2019 that did not meet our investment criteria and/or targeted portfolio metrics. Of those 33 properties, three properties were vacant, four were properties with tenants in less e-commerce resistant industries, four had remaining lease terms of 5.7 years or less, and three were Shopko properties. We also acquired 12 properties, executed six blend-and-extend leases, and retired $85.6 million of debt prior to the private offering from June 30, 2018 to December 22, 2019. On December 23, 2019, just prior to the private offering, our portfolio (the "Pre-144A Portfolio") consisted of 93 properties and 1.4 million total building square feet across 28 states. Our Pre-144A Portfolio generated $17.8 million of ABR as of December 2019, with the top five tenants being CVS (11.9% of ABR), Dollar General (8.9% of ABR), Lowe's (7.9% of ABR), Walgreens (7.5% of ABR), and Kohl's (6.4% of ABR).
Since the initial closing of the private offering, we have completed two property dispositions with an aggregate net sales price of approximately $10.4 million and acquired 72 properties and 1.7 million total square feet across 22 states with a WALT of 11.6 years, for an aggregate purchase price of $264.0 million. Of the 72 properties that we acquired, 24 were properties with tenants in the automotive service and auto parts industries and 11 were properties with tenants in the discount store industry. We also executed three blend-and-extend leases since the initial closing of the private offering. Additionally,
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in connection with a number of COVID-19 related rent abatements, we were able to successfully negotiate additional lease term with nine of our tenants. Our portfolio consists of approximately 64.0% investment grade tenants, with the remaining tenants consisting of unrated tenants and sub-investment grade tenants with strong performance metrics. Among our recent acquisitions are seven Ollie's Bargain Outlet stores, a high-quality unrated tenant, consisting of 257,323 total square feet with a WALT of 9.6 years and purchased for an aggregate price of $26.1 million.
Our management team has leveraged its extensive network of industry relationships to establish a robust pipeline of acquisition opportunities that consists of properties with an aggregate expected purchase price of approximately $ million as of . This acquisition pipeline includes (i) properties with an aggregate expected purchase price of approximately $ million that are under contract and (ii) properties with an aggregate expected purchase price of approximately $ million that are the subject of non-binding letters of intent, each as more fully described below.
As of , we were party to purchase and sale agreements relating to the acquisition of properties with an aggregate purchase price of $ million and a WALT of years. In connection with these acquisitions, we expect to enter into or assume leases with ABR of $ million. While we regard the completion of these pending acquisitions to be probable, these transactions are subject to customary closing conditions, including the completion of due diligence, and there can be no assurance that these acquisitions will be completed on the terms described above or at all.
Properties Under Letter of Intent
As of , we were party to non-binding letters of intent relating to the acquisition of properties with an aggregate expected purchase price of approximately $ million and a WALT of years. These acquisitions are subject to negotiation and execution of definitive agreements and, if entered into, will be subject to customary closing conditions, including the completion of due diligence. As a result, we do not deem any of these potential acquisitions probable at this time and there can be no assurance that these acquisitions will be completed on the terms described above or at all.
As of March 31, 2020, we have one property held for sale that contributes $0.7 million to ABR. As of , we were party to non-binding letters of intent to sell properties for an aggregate total sale price of $ million as part of our active portfolio management strategy. These dispositions are subject to negotiation and execution of definitive agreements and, if entered into, will be subject to customary closing conditions, including the completion of due diligence. As a result, we do not deem either of these potential dispositions probable at this time and there can be no assurances that these dispositions will be completed on the terms described above or at all.
An investment in our common stock involves various risks, and prospective investors are urged to carefully consider the matters discussed under "Risk Factors" prior to making an investment in our common stock. The following is a list of some of these risks.
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Structure and Formation of Our Company
We were formed as a Maryland corporation on October 11, 2019 and commenced operations in December 2019 upon the consummation of the formation transactions. Our predecessor, which merged with our operating partnership as part of the formation transactions, was a private investment fund that was sponsored by Capview in which EB Arrow, a real estate investment platform specializing in retail property investment with $1.6 billion in assets under management, owned a controlling interest. We are structured as an UPREIT, meaning that we own our properties and conduct our business through our operating partnership, directly or through limited partnerships, limited liability companies or other subsidiaries, as described below under " Our Operating Partnership." NETSTREIT GP, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary, is the sole general partner of our operating partnership and, upon completion of this offering, we will own approximately % of the limited partnership interests in our operating partnership. Our board of directors oversees our business and affairs and, through NETSTREIT GP, LLC, the business and affairs of our operating partnership.
On December 23, 2019, we issued and sold 8,860,760 shares of our common stock in the private offering at a price of $19.75 per share, to various institutional investors, accredited investors and offshore investors, in reliance upon exemptions from registration provided by Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act and pursuant to Regulation D under the Securities Act. On February 6, 2020, we issued and sold an additional 2,936,885 shares of our common stock in the private offering pursuant to the exercise in full of the initial purchaser's over-allotment option. We received approximately $220.1 million of net proceeds (after deducting initial purchaser's discount and placement fees) from the private offering, which we contributed to our operating partnership in exchange for 11,797,645 Class A OP units.
To assist us in maintaining our status as a REIT, on January 27, 2020, we issued and sold 125 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock for $1,000 per share to accredited investors pursuant to Regulation D under the Securities Act. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock may be redeemed at our option for consideration equal to $1,000 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends thereon to and including the date fixed for redemption, plus a redemption premium as follows (i) until December 31, 2021, $100 and (ii) thereafter, no redemption premium. We intend to redeem all 125 outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock upon the completion of this offering.
Substantially all of our assets are indirectly held by, and our operations are conducted through, our operating partnership. Our operating partnership has two classes of OP units, Class A OP units and Class B OP units. The Class A OP units and Class B OP units have identical rights and preferences, except that the Class A OP units are, and the Class B OP units are not, entitled to receive Special Stock Dividends (as defined under "Description of Our Capital Stock Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer") and the Class A OP units and the Class B OP units have different registration rights pursuant to the Continuing Investor Registration Rights Agreement. We hold Class A OP units for each outstanding
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share of our common stock, subject to certain adjustments. In connection with our formation transactions, our operating partnership issued Class A OP Units to limited partners of our predecessor who were unaffiliated with EB Arrow and Class B OP units to (i) EBA EverSTAR, in connection with the internalization of the Company's management, (ii) an affiliate of EB Arrow, in its capacity as a limited partner of our predecessor and (iii) Mr. Manheimer, in his capacity as a limited partner of our predecessor, as described in more detail below.
Our interest in our operating partnership generally entitles us to share in cash distributions from, and in the profits and losses of, our operating partnership in proportion to our percentage ownership. As the parent of the sole general partner of our operating partnership, we have the exclusive power under the partnership agreement of our operating partnership to manage and conduct its business and affairs, subject to certain limited approval and voting rights of the limited partners, which are described more fully in "Description of the Partnership Agreement of Our Operating Partnership."
In connection with the private offering, we consummated the following formation transactions:
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redemption of the continuing investors' OP units and that are issuable to holders of Class A OP units as Special Stock Dividends if we do not satisfy our registration obligations by certain deadlines. See "Description of Our Capital Stock Registration Rights Continuing Investor Registration Rights Agreement."
In connection with this offering, the following will occur:
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The completion of this offering will result, and completion of the private offering and the formation transactions resulted, in material benefits to our senior management team, our directors and our continuing investors, including the following:
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approval not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed). See "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions Investor Rights Agreement."
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The following diagram depicts our ownership structure immediately upon completion of this offering.
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Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer of Our Common Stock
Due to limitations on the concentration of ownership of REIT stock imposed by the Code, among other reasons, our charter generally prohibits any person from actually, beneficially or constructively owning more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding common stock or of any class or series of our preferred stock, or more than 9.8% of the aggregate value of all our outstanding stock. We refer to these restrictions as the "ownership limit." Our charter permits our board of directors, in its sole and absolute discretion, to exempt a person, prospectively or retroactively, from the ownership limit if, among other conditions, the person's ownership of our stock in excess of the ownership limit would not cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT. Our charter contains certain other limits on beneficial and constructive ownership and transfer of our stock. See "Description of Our Capital Stock Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer."
We will elect to be treated and to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2019 upon the filing of our U.S. federal income tax return for such taxable year. We believe that we are organized and have operated in a manner that has enabled us to qualify to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2019, and we intend to continue to operate so as to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we annually distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our stockholders, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding our net capital gain, plus 90% of our net income after tax from foreclosure property (if any), minus the sum of various items of excess non-cash income.
In any year in which we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on that portion of our taxable income or capital gain that is distributed to stockholders. If we lose our REIT status, and the statutory relief provisions of the Code do not apply, we will be subject to entity-level income tax on our taxable income at regular U.S. federal corporate income tax rates. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we will be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and property and on taxable income that we do not distribute to our stockholders. In addition, NETSTREIT TRS will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax on its taxable income. See "U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations."
The Code generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and imposes tax on any taxable income retained by a REIT, including capital gains. To satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT and generally not be subject to U.S. federal income and excise tax, we intend to make regular quarterly distributions of all or substantially all of our REIT taxable income to holders of our common stock out of assets legally available for such purposes. Any distributions made to our stockholders by us will be authorized and determined by our board of trustees in its sole discretion out of funds legally available therefor and will be dependent upon a number of factors, including our actual or anticipated financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and capital requirements, debt service requirements, financing covenants, restrictions under applicable law and other factors.
We intend to pay cash distributions to our common stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution. We intend to make a pro rata distribution with respect to the period commencing upon the completion of this offering and ending on , 2020 based on a distribution rate of $ per share of common stock for a full quarter. On an annualized basis, this would be $ per share of common stock, or an annualized distribution rate of approximately % based on the mid-point of the
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price range set forth on the front cover of this prospectus. We intend to maintain our initial distribution rate for the 12 months following the completion of this offering unless our results of operations, FFO, Core FFO, AFFO, liquidity, cash flows, financial condition, or prospects, economic conditions or other factors differ materially from the assumptions used in projecting our initial distribution rate. We do not intend to reduce the expected distribution per share if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised. See "Distribution Policy."
Any distributions will be authorized at the sole discretion of our board of directors, and their form, timing and amount, if any, will depend upon a number of factors, including our actual and projected results of operations, FFO, Core FFO, AFFO, liquidity, cash flows and financial condition, the revenue we actually receive from our properties, our operating expenses, our debt service requirements, our capital expenditures, prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements, our REIT taxable income, the annual REIT distribution requirements, applicable law and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.
Registration Rights Agreements and Selling Stockholders
Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreements, we have agreed, among other things, to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause a registration statement (the "Resale Shelf Registration Statement") registering the Registrable Shares (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreements) that are not sold by the selling stockholders in this offering to be declared effective as soon as practicable, but in no event later than September 30, 2020 (the "Resale Registration Effectiveness Deadline"); provided, that, if we are using and continue to use commercially reasonable efforts to complete this offering by September 30, 2020, then the Resale Shelf Registration Statement must become effective and our common stock must be listed on a National Securities Exchange upon the earlier to occur of (i) 60 days after the closing of this offering and (ii) November 30, 2020 (the "Extended Resale Registration Effectiveness Deadline"). See "Description of Our Capital Stock Registration Rights."
Pursuant to, and subject to the terms and conditions of, the Registration Rights Agreements, persons who purchased shares of our common stock in the private offering and their direct and indirect transferees and the continuing investors also have the right to sell their shares of our common stock in this offering, subject to customary terms and conditions including underwriter cutback rights. We are including shares of our common stock in this offering to be sold by the selling stockholders identified in this prospectus under "Selling Stockholders." We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders.
Emerging Growth Company Status
We are an "emerging growth company," as defined in the JOBS Act. We are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not "emerging growth companies." These exemptions include not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We have not yet made a decision as to whether we will take advantage of any or all of these exemptions in the future. If we do take advantage of any of these exemptions, we do not know if some investors will find shares of our common stock less attractive as a result. The result may be a less active trading market for shares of our common stock and the price of our common stock may be more volatile.
In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. However, we have chosen
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to "opt out" of this extended transition period, and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on or before which adoption of such standards is required for all public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year during which our total annual revenue equals or exceeds $1.07 billion (subject to adjustment for inflation), (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of this offering, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a "large accelerated filer" under the Exchange Act.
Our principal executive office is located at 5910 N. Central Expressway, Suite 1600, Dallas, Texas 75206. Our telephone number is 972-200-7100. Our website address is www.NETSTREIT.com. The information on, or otherwise accessible through, our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus.
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Common Stock Offered by Us | shares ( shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) | |
Common Stock Offered by the Selling Stockholders |
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Common Stock Outstanding Immediately After this Offering |
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shares ( shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full)(1) |
Offering Price |
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$ per share of common stock |
Directed Share Program |
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At our request, the underwriters have reserved for sale up to 5% of the shares of common stock being offered by this prospectus for the sale at the initial public offering to persons who are directors, officers, employees or who are otherwise associated with us through a directed share program. |
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The number of shares of our common stock available for sale to the general public in this offering will be reduced to the extent that such persons purchase such reserved shares. Any reserved shares not so purchased will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same basis as the other shares offered by this prospectus. BofA Securities, Inc., will administer our directed share program. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions Directed Share Program" and "Underwriting." |
Use of Proceeds |
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We estimate that our net proceeds from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by us, will be approximately $ million, based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus (or approximately $ million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full). We intend to contribute the net proceeds of this offering to our operating partnership in exchange for Class A OP units, and our operating partnership intends to use the net proceeds received from us as follows: |
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approximately $ million to redeem the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock; |
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approximately $ million to repay borrowings under the Revolver that were drawn to fund acquisitions of properties; |
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approximately $ million to acquire properties in our investment pipeline (see " Pending Investment Activity"); and |
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the remainder for general corporate purposes. |
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Summary Historical and Pro Forma Financial Data
On December 23, 2019, we completed our formation transactions pursuant to which, among other things, our predecessor was merged with and into our operating partnership. The summary consolidated statements of operations data presented below for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the period from January 1, 2019 to December 22, 2019 relate to our predecessor and are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this prospectus. The summary consolidated statement of operations data for the period from December 23, 2019 to December 31, 2019 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2019 relate to the Company and are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this prospectus.
The summary consolidated statement of operations data presented below for the three months ended March 31, 2019 relate to our predecessor and are derived from the unaudited historical condensed consolidated financial statements that are included in this prospectus. The summary consolidated statement of operations data for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2020 relate to the Company and are derived from the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements that are included in this prospectus. The unaudited interim financial and operating data have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP on the same basis as its audited financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that management considers necessary to state fairly the financial information as of and for the periods presented. The historical consolidated financial data included below and set forth elsewhere in this prospectus are not necessarily indicative of our future performance, and results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for any full year.
The pro forma summary consolidated statement of operations data for the year ended December 31, 2019 and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are derived from the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus and assume the completion as of January 1, 2019 of (i) the private offering and formation transactions, including the exercise of the initial purchaser's option to purchase additional shares in connection with the private offering, (ii) this offering and the use of proceeds therefrom and (iii) our completed and probable 2020 acquisitions as described in "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Statements." The pro forma summary consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2020 is derived from the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus and assumes the completion as of March 31, 2020 of (i) this offering and the use of proceeds therefrom and (ii) our completed and probable 2020 acquisitions occuring after March 31, 2020, as described in "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Statements." Our pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what our actual financial position and results of operations would have been as of the date and for the periods indicated, nor does it purport to represent our future financial position or results of operations.
You should read the following summary historical and pro forma financial and other data together with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Our
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Business and Properties" and the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
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Balance Sheet Data: |
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Total real estate, at cost |
| | | | | $ | 295,239 | | | | $ | 224,053 | | | ||
Real estate held for investment, net |
| | | | | 293,504 | | | | 223,921 | | | ||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |
| | | | | 149,877 | | | | 169,319 | | | ||||
Total assets |
| | | | | 493,625 | | | | 433,922 | | | ||||
Total liabilities |
| | | | | 188,082 | | | | 181,490 | | | ||||
Total stockholders' equity |
| | | | | 218,069 | | | | 164,533 | | | ||||
Noncontrolling interests |
| | | | | 87,474 | | | | 87,899 | | | ||||
Total equity |
| | | | | 305,543 | | | | 252,432 | | |
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An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following material risks, as well as the other information contained in this prospectus, before making an investment in our company. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and/or cash flow could be materially and adversely affected. In such an event, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you could lose part or all of your investment. Some statements in this prospectus, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section of this prospectus entitled "Forward-Looking Statements."
Risks Related to Our Business and Properties
We are subject to risks related to commercial real estate ownership that could reduce the value of our properties.
Our core business is the ownership of single-tenant, retail commercial real estate subject to long-term net leases. Accordingly, our performance is subject to risks incident to the ownership of commercial real estate, including:
The occurrence of any of the risks described above may cause the value of our real estate to decline, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Global market and economic conditions may materially and adversely affect us and our tenants.
Changes in global or national economic conditions, such as a global economic and financial market downturn, including as a result of COVID-19 (as discussed below) or another pandemic in the future, may cause, among other things, a tightening in the credit markets, lower levels of liquidity, increases in the rate of default and bankruptcy, and lower consumer and business spending, which could materially and adversely affect us. Potential consequences of changes in economic and financial conditions include:
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We are also limited in our ability to reduce costs to offset the results of a prolonged or severe economic downturn given certain fixed costs and commitments associated with our operations. Accordingly, a decline in economic conditions could materially and adversely affect us.
The current pandemic of COVID-19 and the future outbreak of other highly infectious or contagious diseases could materially and adversely impact or disrupt our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and performance.
Since being reported in December 2019, COVID-19 has spread globally, including to every state in the United States. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and on March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency with respect to COVID-19.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and another pandemic in the future could have, repercussions across regional and global economies and financial markets. The outbreak of COVID-19 in many countries, including the United States, has significantly adversely impacted global economic activity and has contributed to significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets. The global impact of the outbreak has been rapidly evolving and, as cases of COVID-19 have continued to be identified in additional countries, many countries, including the United States, have reacted by instituting quarantines, mandating business and school closures and restricting travel.
Certain states and cities, including where we own properties and where our principal place of business is located, have also reacted by instituting quarantines, restrictions on travel, "shelter in place" rules, restrictions on types of business that may continue to operate, and/or restrictions on the types of construction projects that may continue. We cannot predict if additional states and cities will implement similar restrictions or when restrictions currently in place will expire. As a result, the COVID-19 pandemic is negatively impacting almost every industry directly or indirectly, including industries in which we and our tenants operate. A number of our tenants across various industries have announced temporary closures of their locations and requested rent deferral or rent abatement during this pandemic. As of July 17, 2020, we have received payment of approximately 88.5%, 86.1%, 86.5% and 90.4% of contractual base rent billed for April, May, June and July 2020, respectively (such percentages reflect leases in place for the full applicable month). We have provided rent deferral to approximately 7.5% of our properties, which represents a deferral of cash rent of approximately 0.6% of our total ABR, generally for three months and to be repaid ratably over the remaining lease term. We have provided rent abatement to approximately 9.4% of our properties, which represents an abatement of cash rent of approximately 2.1% of our total ABR, generally for two to four months, in exchange for additional lease term, generally longer than the abated period. With respect to the approximately 2.7% of ABR impacted by rent concessions, nine sectors were impacted, with sporting goods, quick service restaurants and furniture stores accounting for approximately half of the abated or deferred ABR. Our cash flows and financial condition for the remainder of 2020 may be impacted by such concessions, however we do not expect our overall rental income to be materially impacted. We have not yet reached an agreement with one property, representing 0.1% of our total ABR, that has requested rent relief. We are currently evaluating the impact of deferrals or other accommodations for such property, but there can be no assurance that we will reach a mutually acceptable agreement in the near term or at all.
In addition, the majority of our employees based at our headquarters are currently working remotely. The effects of an extended period of remote work arrangements, could strain our business continuity plans, introduce operational risk, including but not limited to cybersecurity risks, and impair our ability to manage our business. The COVID-19 pandemic, or a future pandemic, could also have
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material and adverse effects on our ability to successfully operate and on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows due to, among other factors:
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our operations and those of our tenants will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact, and the direct and indirect economic effects of the pandemic and containment measures, among others. Additional closures by our tenants of their locations and early terminations by our tenants of their leases could reduce our cash flows, which could impact our ability to continue paying dividends to our stockholders at expected levels or at all.
The rapid development and fluidity of this situation precludes any prediction as to the full adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic presents material uncertainty and risk with respect to our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and performance.
Our business is dependent upon our tenants successfully operating their businesses and their failure to do so could materially and adversely affect us.
Each of our properties is leased by a single tenant. Therefore, we believe that the success of our investments is materially dependent on the financial stability of our tenants. The success of any one of our tenants is dependent on its individual business and its industry, which could be adversely affected by poor management, global market and economic conditions in general, changes in consumer trends and preferences that decrease demand for a tenant's products or services or other factors over which
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neither they nor we have control. Our portfolio includes properties leased to single tenants that operate in multiple locations, which means we own numerous properties leased by the same entity (or related group of entities), including 7-Eleven, Walmart, CVS, Ollie's Bargain Outlet, Lowe's, Advance Auto Parts, Dollar General, Walgreens, Home Depot and Kohl's. To the extent we finance numerous properties operated by one entity (or related group of entities), the general failure of that single entity (or related group of entities) or a loss or significant decline in its business could materially and adversely affect us.
At any given time, any tenant may experience a downturn in its business that may weaken its operating results or the overall financial condition of individual properties or its business as a whole. As a result, a tenant may delay lease commencement, fail to make rental payments when due, decline to extend a lease upon its expiration, become insolvent or declare bankruptcy. We depend on our tenants to operate the properties we own in a manner that generates revenues sufficient to allow them to meet their obligations to us, including their obligations to pay rent, maintain certain insurance coverage and pay real estate taxes. The ability of our tenants to fulfill their obligations under our leases may depend, in part, upon the overall profitability of their operations. Cash flow generated by certain tenant businesses may not be sufficient for a tenant to meet its obligations to us. We could be materially and adversely affected if a number of our tenants were unable to meet their obligations to us.
Single-tenant leases involve significant risks of tenant default.
Our strategy focuses primarily on investing in single-tenant, retail commercial real estate subject to long-term net leases across the United States. The financial failure of, or default in payment by, a single tenant under its lease is likely to cause a significant or complete reduction in our rental revenue from that property and a reduction in the value of the property. We may also experience difficulty or a significant delay in re-leasing or selling such property. This risk will be magnified if we decide to lease multiple properties to a single tenant under a master lease. A tenant failure or default under a master lease could reduce or eliminate rental revenue from multiple properties and reduce the value of such properties. In addition, we would be responsible for all of the operating costs of a property following a vacancy at a single-tenant building. Because our properties have generally been built to suit a particular tenant's specific needs, we may also incur significant costs to make the leased premises ready for another tenant.
Our assessment that certain businesses provide necessity goods or essential services and are, thus, e-commerce resistant and recession-resilient, may prove to be incorrect, and changes in macroeconomic trends may adversely affect our tenants, either of which could impair our tenants' ability to make rental payments to us and materially and adversely affect us.
We primarily invest in properties leased to tenants in industries where a physical location is critical to the generation of sales and profits, such as discount stores, drug stores and pharmacies, home improvement, automotive service and quick-service restaurants with a focus on necessity goods and essential services in the retail sector, including discount stores, grocers, drug stores and pharmacies, home improvement, automotive service and quick-service restaurants. We believe these characteristics make our tenants' businesses e-commerce resistant and resilient through all economic cycles. While we believe this to be the case, businesses previously thought to be internet resistant, such as the retail grocery industry, have proven to be susceptible to competition from e-commerce. Technology and business conditions, particularly in the retail industry, are rapidly changing, and our tenants may be adversely affected by technological innovation, changing consumer preferences and competition from non-traditional sources. To the extent our tenants face increased competition from non-traditional competitors, such as internet vendors, some of which may have different business models and larger profit margins, their businesses could suffer. There can be no assurance that our tenants will be successful in the face of any new competition, and a deterioration in our tenants' businesses could impair their ability to meet their lease obligations to us and materially and adversely affect us.
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A substantial number of our properties are leased to unrated tenants and the tools we use to determine the creditworthiness of our tenants may not be accurate.
Approximately 36% of our properties are leased to unrated and sub-investment grade tenants that we determine, through our disciplined underwriting and risk management strategy, to be creditworthy. In evaluating a property for acquisition, we utilize our three-part underwriting and risk management strategy with an emphasis on credit and real estate that includes (i) reviewing corporate level financial information, assessing business risks and reviewing investment rating or establishing a "shadow rating" using our proprietary credit modeling process for unrated tenants, (ii) reviewing the underlying key real estate metrics of each property, including location and demographics that will support both tenant financial health, including market rents, and a market for alternative use, re-leasing or redevelopment, when necessary, and (iii) analyzing unit-level profitability and cost variability to analyze rent coverage and determine whether a tenant would maintain rent coverage of at least 2.0x. A shadow rating does not constitute a published credit rating and lacks the extensive company participation that is typically involved when a rating agency publishes a rating; accordingly, a shadow rating may not be as indicative of creditworthiness as a rating published by Moody's, S&P, or another nationally recognized statistical rating organization. Our calculations of shadow ratings and rent coverage ratios are based on financial information provided to us by our tenants and prospective tenants without independent verification on our part, and we must assume the appropriateness of estimates and judgments that were made by the party preparing the financial information. If our measurement of credit quality proves to be inaccurate, we may be subject to defaults, and investors may view our cash flows as less stable.
Our portfolio has geographic market concentrations that make us especially susceptible to adverse developments in those geographic markets.
In addition to general, regional, national and international economic conditions, our operating performance is impacted by the economic conditions of the specific geographic markets in which we have concentrations of properties. Our portfolio includes substantial holdings in Texas (20.5%); Georgia (8.7%), Mississippi (6.7%) and Illinois (5.1%) based on ABR. In addition, a significant portion of our portfolio holdings (based on ABR) were located in the South (60.7%) and Midwest (25.9%) regions of the United States (as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau). This geographic concentration could adversely affect our operating performance if conditions become less favorable in any of the regions, states or markets within such states in which we have a concentration of properties. We cannot assure you that any of our markets will grow, not experience adverse developments or that underlying real estate fundamentals will be favorable to owners and operators of service-oriented or experience-based properties. Our operations may also be affected if competing properties are built in our markets. A downturn in the economy in the states or regions in which we have a concentration of properties, or markets within such states or regions, could adversely affect our tenants operating businesses in those states, impair their ability to pay rent to us and materially and adversely affect us.
We are subject to risks related to tenant concentration, and an adverse development with respect to a large tenant could materially and adversely affect us.
The top four tenants in our portfolio 7-Eleven, Walmart, CVS and Ollie's Bargain Outlet contributed 12.7%, 7.9%, 6.1% and 5.2%, respectively, of our ABR. As a result, our financial performance depends significantly on the revenues generated from these tenants and, in turn, their financial condition. Although our strategy targets a scaled portfolio that, over time, will increase tenant diversification, our portfolio has four tenants that individually contribute more than five percent of our ABR. In the future, we may experience additional tenant and industry concentrations. In the event that one of these tenants, or another tenant that occupies a significant portion of our properties or whose lease payments represent a significant portion of our rental revenue, were to experience financial weakness or file for bankruptcy, it could have a material adverse effect on us.
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We may be unable to renew leases, lease vacant space or re-lease space as leases expire on favorable terms or at all.
Our results of operations depend on our ability to continue to strategically lease space in our properties, including renewing expiring leases, leasing vacant space and re-leasing space in properties where leases are expiring, optimizing our tenant mix or leasing properties on more economically favorable terms. Leases representing 0.3% of the ABR of our portfolio are scheduled to expire during 2022 (the first year in which lease expirations will occur following the consummation of this offering). Current tenants may decline, or may not have the financial resources available, to renew current leases and we cannot assure you that leases that are renewed will have terms that are as economically favorable to us as the expiring lease terms. If tenants do not renew the leases as they expire, we will have to find new tenants to lease our properties and there is no guarantee that we will be able to find new tenants, that our properties will be re-leased at rental rates equal to or above the current average rental rates or that substantial rent abatements, tenant improvement allowances, early termination rights or below-market renewal options or other tenant inducements will not be offered to attract new tenants. We may experience significant costs in connection with re-leasing a significant number of our properties, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Some of our tenants operate under franchise or license agreements, which, if terminated or not renewed prior to the expiration of their leases with us, would likely impair their ability to pay us rent.
Of the ABR of our portfolio, 21.1% is operated by tenants under franchise or license agreements. Generally, franchise agreements have terms that end earlier than the respective expiration dates of the related leases. In addition, a tenant's rights as a franchisee or licensee typically may be terminated and the tenant may be precluded from competing with the franchisor or licensor upon termination. Usually, we have no notice or cure rights with respect to such a termination and have no rights to assignment of any such franchise agreement. This may have an adverse effect on our ability to mitigate losses arising from a default on any of our leases. A franchisor's or licensor's termination or refusal to renew a franchise or license agreement would likely have a material adverse effect on the ability of the tenant to make payments under its lease, which could materially and adversely affect us.
The bankruptcy or insolvency of any of our tenants could result in the termination of such tenant's lease and material losses to us.
The occurrence of a tenant bankruptcy or insolvency could diminish the income we receive from that tenant's lease or leases or force us to "take back" a property as a result of a default or a rejection of a lease by a tenant in bankruptcy. If a tenant becomes bankrupt or insolvent, federal law may prohibit us from evicting such tenant based solely upon such bankruptcy or insolvency. In addition, a bankrupt or insolvent tenant may be authorized to reject and terminate its lease or leases with us. Any claims against such bankrupt tenant for unpaid future rent would be subject to statutory limitations that would likely result in our receipt of rental revenues that are substantially less than the contractually specified rent we are owed under the lease or leases. In addition, any claim we have for unpaid past rent, if any, may not be paid in full. We may also be unable to re-lease a terminated or rejected space or to re-lease it on comparable or more favorable terms. As a result, tenant bankruptcies may materially and adversely affect us.
Property vacancies could result in significant capital expenditures.
Our portfolio is 100% occupied. The loss of a tenant, either through lease expiration or tenant bankruptcy or insolvency, may require us to spend significant amounts of capital to renovate the property before it is suitable for a new tenant and cause us to incur significant costs. Many of the leases we enter into or acquire are for properties that are specially suited to the particular business of our tenants. Because these properties have been designed or physically modified for a particular tenant, if the
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current lease is terminated or not renewed, we may be required to renovate the property at substantial costs, decrease the rent we charge or provide other concessions in order to lease the property to another tenant. In addition, in the event we are required to sell the property, we may have difficulty selling it to a party other than the tenant due to the special purpose for which the property may have been designed or modified. This potential illiquidity may limit our ability to quickly modify our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions, including tenant demand. These limitations may materially and adversely affect us.
We may be unable to identify and complete acquisitions of suitable properties, which may impede our growth, and our future acquisitions may not yield the returns we expect.
Our ability to expand through acquisitions requires us to identify and complete acquisitions or investment opportunities that are compatible with our growth strategy and to successfully integrate newly acquired properties into our portfolio. We continually evaluate investment opportunities and may acquire properties when strategic opportunities exist. Our ability to acquire properties on favorable terms and successfully operate them may be constrained by the following significant risks:
If any of these risks are realized, we may be materially and adversely affected.
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We may not acquire the properties that we evaluate in our pipeline.
Throughout this prospectus, we refer to our pipeline of potential acquisition opportunities. In addition to properties that are subject to purchase agreements, we are often party to non-binding letters of intent. Additionally, we actively seek to identify and negotiate with respect to potential properties that we may consider purchasing in the future. Generally, our purchase agreements contain several closing conditions. Transactions may fail to close for a variety of reasons, including the discovery of previously unknown liabilities or other items uncovered during our diligence process.
Similarly, we may never execute binding purchase agreements with respect to properties that are currently subject to non-binding letters of intent, and properties with respect to which we are negotiating may never lead to the execution of any letter of intent or purchase agreement. For many other reasons, we may not ultimately acquire the properties currently in our pipeline. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on the concept of a pipeline as we have discussed in this prospectus.
We may not be able to successfully execute our acquisition or development strategies.
We may not be able to implement our investment strategies successfully. Additionally, we cannot assure you that our portfolio of properties will expand at all, or if it will expand at any specified rate or to any specified size. In addition, investment in additional real estate assets is subject to a number of risks. Because we expect to invest in markets other than the ones in which our current properties are located or properties which may be leased to tenants other than those to which we have historically leased properties, we will also be subject to the risks associated with investment in new markets, new lines of trade, new brands or concepts or with new tenants that may be relatively unfamiliar to our management team.
While we do not intend to act as a developer, we may selectively provide development financing for build to suit projects. Development is subject to, without limitation, risks relating to the availability and timely receipt of zoning and other regulatory approvals and the cost and timely completion of construction (including risks from factors beyond our control, such as weather or labor conditions or material shortages). These risks could result in substantial unanticipated delays or expenses and, under certain circumstances, could prevent completion of development activities once undertaken or provide a tenant the opportunity to reduce rent or terminate a lease. Any of these situations may delay or eliminate proceeds or cash flows we expect from build to suit projects, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition.
Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties and harm our financial condition.
The real estate investments made, and expected to be made, by us are relatively difficult to sell quickly. As a result, our ability to promptly sell one or more properties in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial or investment conditions is limited. Return of capital and realization of gains, if any, from an investment generally will occur upon disposition or refinancing of the underlying property. We may be unable to realize our investment objective by sale, other disposition or refinancing at attractive prices within any given period of time or may otherwise be unable to complete any exit strategy. In particular, these risks could arise from weakness in or even the lack of an established market for a property, changes in the financial condition or prospects of prospective purchasers, changes in national or international economic conditions and changes in laws, regulations or fiscal policies of the jurisdiction in which the property is located.
In addition, the Code imposes restrictions on a REIT's ability to dispose of properties that are not applicable to other types of real estate companies. In particular, the tax laws applicable to REITs effectively require that we hold our properties for investment, rather than primarily for sale in the ordinary course of business, which may cause us to forgo or defer sales of properties that otherwise would be in our best interest. Therefore, we may not be able to alter our portfolio in response to
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economic or other conditions promptly or on favorable terms, which may materially and adversely affect us.
We face significant competition for tenants, which may decrease or prevent increases of the occupancy and rental rates of our properties, and competition for acquisitions may reduce the number of acquisitions we are able to complete and increase the costs of these acquisitions.
We compete with numerous developers, owners and operators of properties, many of which own properties similar to ours in the same markets in which our properties are located. If our competitors offer space at rental rates below current market rates, or below the rental rates we currently charge our tenants, we may lose existing or potential tenants and we may be pressured to reduce our rental rates or to offer more substantial rent abatements, tenant improvements, early termination rights or below-market renewal options in order to retain tenants when our leases expire. Competition for tenants could decrease or prevent increases of the occupancy and rental rates of our properties, which could materially and adversely affect us.
We also face competition for acquisitions of real property from investors, including traded and non-traded public REITs, private equity investors and institutional investment funds, some of which have greater financial resources than we do, a greater ability to borrow funds to acquire properties and the ability to accept more risk than we can prudently manage. This competition may increase the demand for the types of properties in which we typically invest and, therefore, reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities available to us and increase the prices paid for such acquisition properties. This competition will increase if investments in real estate become more attractive relative to other types of investments. Accordingly, competition for the acquisition of real property could materially and adversely affect us.
Inflation may materially and adversely affect us and our tenants.
Increased inflation could have a negative impact on variable rate debt we currently have or that we may incur in the future. During times when inflation is greater than the increases in rent provided by many of our leases, rent increases will not keep up with the rate of inflation. Increased costs may have an adverse impact on our tenants if increases in their operating expenses exceed increases in revenue, which may adversely affect the tenants' ability to pay rent owed to us.
Our growth depends on external sources of capital that are outside of our control and may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required under the Code, among other things, to distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain. In addition, we will be subject to income tax at the corporate rate to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and including any net capital gain. Because of these distribution requirements, we may not be able to fund future capital needs, including any necessary acquisition financing, from operating cash flow. Consequently, we may rely on third-party sources to fund our capital needs, and we may not be able to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all. Any additional debt we incur will increase our leverage and likelihood of default. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends, in part, on:
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If we cannot obtain capital from third-party sources, we may not be able to acquire properties when strategic opportunities exist, meet the capital and operating needs of our existing properties, satisfy our debt service obligations or make the cash distributions to our stockholders necessary to qualify as a REIT.
Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may materially and adversely affect us.
While we currently do not hedge our exposure to interest rate volatility, we may choose to do so in the future. Should we seek to hedge our interest rate exposure, we may choose to use interest rate swaps, caps or derivative instruments. However, these arrangements involve risks and may not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes. In addition, the counterparties to any hedging arrangements we enter into in the future may not honor their obligations. Failure to hedge effectively against changes in interest rates relating to the interest expense of our future floating-rate borrowings may materially and adversely affect us.
Loss of our key personnel with long-standing business relationships could materially impair our ability to operate successfully.
Our continued success and our ability to manage anticipated future growth depend, in large part, upon the efforts of key personnel, particularly our Chief Executive Officer, Mark Manheimer and, our Chief Financial Officer, Andrew Blocher, who have extensive market knowledge and relationships, and exercise substantial influence over our operational, financing, acquisition and disposition activity. Messrs. Manheimer and Blocher also have industry reputations that attract business and investment opportunities, and assist us in negotiations with lenders, existing and potential tenants and industry personnel.
Many of our other key executive personnel also have extensive experience and strong reputations in the real estate industry and have been instrumental in setting our strategic direction, operating our business, identifying, recruiting and training key personnel and arranging necessary financing. In particular, the extent and nature of the relationships that these individuals have developed with financial institutions and existing and prospective tenants is critically important to the success of our business. We cannot guarantee the continued employment of any of our senior management team, who may choose to leave our company for any number of reasons, such as other business opportunities, differing views on our strategic direction or other personal reasons. The loss of services of one or more members of our senior management team, or our inability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, could adversely affect our business, diminish our investment opportunities and weaken our relationships with lenders, business partners, existing and prospective tenants and industry personnel, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Any material failure, weakness, interruption or breach in security of our information systems could prevent us from effectively operating our business.
We rely on information systems across our operations and corporate functions, including finance and accounting, and depend on such systems to ensure payment of obligations, collection of cash, data warehousing to support analytics, and other various processes and procedures. Our ability to efficiently manage our business depends significantly on the reliability and capacity of these systems. The failure of these systems to operate effectively, maintenance problems, upgrading or transitioning to new platforms, or a breach in security of these systems, such as in the event of cyber-attacks, could result in the theft of intellectual property, personal information or personal property, damage to our reputation and third-party claims, as well as reduced efficiency in our operations and in the accuracy of our internal and external financial reporting. A failure or weakness in our information systems could materially and
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adversely affect us, and the remediation of any such problems could result in significant unplanned expenditures.
We may become subject to litigation, which could materially and adversely affect us.
In the future we may become subject to litigation, including claims relating to our operations, securities offerings and otherwise in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims may result in significant defense costs and potentially significant judgments against us, some of which are not, or cannot be, insured against. We generally intend to vigorously defend ourselves. However, we cannot be certain of the ultimate outcomes of any claims that may arise in the future. Resolution of these types of matters against us may result in our having to pay significant fines, judgments, or settlements, which, if uninsured, or if the fines, judgments, and settlements exceed insured levels, could adversely impact our earnings and cash flows, thereby materially and adversely affecting us. Certain litigation or the resolution of certain litigation may affect the availability or cost of some of our insurance coverage, which could materially and adversely impact us, expose us to increased risks that would be uninsured, and materially and adversely impact our ability to attract or retain directors and officers.
Certain provisions of our leases or loan agreements may be unenforceable.
Our rights and obligations with respect to our leases and loan agreements are governed by written agreements. A court could determine that one or more provisions of such an agreement are unenforceable, such as a particular remedy, a master lease covenant, a loan prepayment provision or a provision governing our security interest in the underlying collateral of a borrower or lessee. We could be adversely impacted if this were to happen with respect to an asset or group of assets.
Material weaknesses or a failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect our ability to present accurately our financial statements and could materially and adversely affect us, including our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We will rely on our internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. More broadly, effective internal control over financial reporting is a necessary component of our program to seek to prevent, and to detect any, fraud. Furthermore, as we grow, our business will likely become more complex, and we may require significantly more resources to develop and maintain effective controls. Designing and implementing an effective system of internal control over financial reporting is a continuous effort that requires significant resources, including the expenditure of a significant amount of time by senior members of our management team.
In connection with the audit of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the periods ended December 31, 2019, our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness. The identified material weakness related to our process for reviewing significant assumptions used by valuation specialists in purchase price allocations for acquisitions of real estate. We have developed a plan to remediate this material weakness, which includes performing valuations contemporaneously with the completion of acquisitions and implementing procedures designed to strengthen our internal controls. If the remedial measures we implement are insufficient to address the identified material weakness or are not implemented effectively, or additional deficiencies arise in the future, material misstatements in our interim or annual financial statements may occur in the future. Among other things, any un-remediated material weaknesses could result in material post-closing adjustments in or restatements
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of future financial statements. In addition, as a private company, neither we nor our independent registered public accounting firm has performed an evaluation of internal controls over financial reporting for us or the predecessor during any period.
In connection with our ongoing monitoring of our internal control over financial reporting or audits of our financial statements, we or our auditors may identify additional material weaknesses. Any failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or to timely effect any necessary improvements to such controls could materially and adversely affect us. Additionally, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could also adversely affect our ability to prevent or detect fraud, harm our reputation and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information.
During the second quarter of 2020, management implemented various internal controls to support the review and evaluation of property acquisitions and has remediated the material weakness.
The costs of compliance with or liabilities related to environmental laws may materially and adversely affect us.
The properties we own or have owned in the past may subject us to known and unknown environmental liabilities. Under various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the environment, as a current or former owner or operator of real property, we may be jointly and strictly liable for costs and damages resulting from the presence or release of hazardous or toxic substances, waste or petroleum products at, on, in, under or migrating from such property, including costs to investigate or clean up such contamination and liability for personal injury, property damage or harm to natural resources. We may face liability regardless of our knowledge of the contamination, the timing of the contamination, the cause of the contamination or the party responsible for the contamination of the property.
There may be environmental liabilities associated with our properties of which we are unaware. We typically obtain Phase I environmental site assessments on the properties that we finance or acquire. The Phase I environmental site assessments are limited in scope and therefore may not reveal all environmental conditions affecting a property. Therefore, there could be undiscovered environmental liabilities on the properties we own. If environmental contamination exists on our properties, we could be subject to strict, joint and/or several liability for the contamination by virtue of our ownership interest. Some of our properties may contain asbestos-containing materials, or ACM. Environmental laws govern the presence, maintenance and removal of ACM and such laws may impose fines, penalties, or other obligations for failure to comply with these requirements or expose us to third-party liability (e.g., liability for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos). Environmental laws also apply to other activities that can occur on a property, such as storage of petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances, including polychlorinated biphenyls air emissions, water discharges, vapor intrusion risks from any underlying contamination, and exposure to lead-based paint or radon gas. Such laws may impose fines and penalties for violations, and may require permits or other governmental approvals to be obtained for the operation of a business involving such activities.
The known or potential presence of hazardous substances on a property may adversely affect our ability to sell, lease or improve the property or to borrow using the property as collateral. In addition, environmental laws may create liens on contaminated properties in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs to address such contamination. Moreover, if contamination is discovered on our properties, environmental laws may impose restrictions on the manner in which they may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures.
In addition, although our leases generally require our tenants to operate in compliance with all applicable laws and to indemnify us against any environmental liabilities arising from a tenant's activities on the property, we could be subject to strict, joint and several liability by virtue of our ownership interest. We cannot be sure that our tenants will, or will be able to, satisfy their indemnification obligations, if any, under our leases. Furthermore, the discovery of environmental liabilities on any of our properties could lead to significant remediation costs or to other liabilities or obligations attributable to
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the tenant of that property, or could result in material interference with the ability of our tenants to operate their businesses as currently operated. Noncompliance with environmental laws or discovery of environmental liabilities could each individually or collectively affect such tenant's ability to make payments to us, including rental payments and, where applicable, indemnification payments.
Our environmental liabilities may include property and natural resources damage, personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs, among other potential environmental liabilities. These costs could be substantial. Although we may obtain insurance for environmental liability for certain properties that are deemed to warrant coverage, our insurance may be insufficient to address any particular environmental situation and we may be unable to continue to obtain insurance for environmental matters, at a reasonable cost or at all, in the future. If our environmental liability insurance is inadequate, we may become subject to material losses for environmental liabilities. Our ability to receive the benefits of any environmental liability insurance policy that we may obtain will depend on the financial stability of our insurance company and the position it takes with respect to our insurance policies. If we were to become subject to significant environmental liabilities, we could be materially and adversely affected.
Our properties may contain or develop harmful mold, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediation.
When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, or moisture otherwise occurs within a building or building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may be toxic and produce airborne toxins or irritants. Concern about indoor exposure to mold has been increasing, as exposure to mold may cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, should our tenants or their employees or customers be exposed to mold at any of our properties we could be required to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold from the affected property. In addition, exposure to mold by our tenants or others could subject us to liability if property damage or health concerns arise. If we were to become subject to significant mold-related liabilities, we could be materially and adversely affected.
Natural disasters, medical pandemics, terrorist attacks, other acts of violence or war, or other unexpected events could materially and adversely impact us.
Natural disasters, medical pandemics, terrorist attacks, other acts of violence or war or other unexpected events could materially interrupt our business operations (or those of our tenants), cause consumer confidence and spending to decrease or result in increased volatility in the U.S. and worldwide financial markets and economy. They also could result in or prolong an economic recession in the United States. Any of these occurrences could materially and adversely affect us.
Insurance on our properties may not adequately cover all losses and uninsured losses could materially and adversely affect us.
Our tenants generally are required to maintain liability and property insurance coverage for the properties they lease from us pursuant to triple or double-net leases. These leases generally require our tenants to name us (and any of our lenders that have a mortgage on the property leased by the tenant) as additional insureds on their liability policies and additional named insured and/or loss payee (or mortgagee, in the case of our lenders) on their property policies. Depending on the location of the property, losses of a catastrophic nature, such as those caused by earthquakes and floods, may be covered by insurance policies that are held by our tenant with limitations such as large deductibles or co-payments that a tenant may not be able to meet. In addition, losses of a catastrophic nature, such as those caused by wind/hail, hurricanes, terrorism or acts of war, may be uninsurable or not economically insurable. In the event there is damage to our properties that is not covered by insurance and such properties are subject to recourse indebtedness, we will continue to be liable for the indebtedness, even if these properties are irreparably damaged.
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Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations, and other factors, including terrorism or acts of war, may make any insurance proceeds we receive insufficient to repair or replace a property if it is damaged or destroyed. In that situation, the insurance proceeds received may not be adequate to restore our economic position with respect to the affected real property. Furthermore, in the event we experience a substantial or comprehensive loss of one of our properties, we may not be able to rebuild such property to its existing specifications without significant capital expenditures which may exceed any amounts received pursuant to insurance policies, as reconstruction or improvement of such a property would likely require significant upgrades to meet zoning and building code requirements. The loss of our capital investment in or anticipated future returns from our properties due to material uninsured losses could materially and adversely affect us.
Climate change may adversely affect our business.
Climate change may cause extreme weather and changes in precipitation and temperature, all of which may result in physical damage or a decrease in demand for our properties located in the areas affected by these conditions. Should the impact of climate change be material in nature or occur for lengthy periods of time, our financial condition or results of operations would be adversely affected. In addition, changes in federal and state legislation and regulation on climate change could result in increased capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency of our existing properties in order to comply with such regulations.
Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and fire, safety and other regulations may require us to make unanticipated expenditures that materially and adversely affect us.
Our properties are subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act, or ADA. Under the ADA, all public accommodations must meet federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Compliance with the ADA requirements could require removal of access barriers and non-compliance could result in imposition of fines by the U.S. government or an award of damages to private litigants, or both. While our tenants are obligated by law to comply with the ADA and typically obligated under our leases to cover costs associated with compliance, if required changes involve greater expenditures than anticipated, or if the changes must be made on a more accelerated basis than anticipated, the ability of our tenants to cover costs could be adversely affected. We could be required to expend our own funds to comply with the provisions of the ADA, which could materially and adversely affect us.
In addition, we are required to operate our properties in compliance with fire and safety regulations, building codes and other land use regulations, as they may be adopted by governmental agencies and bodies and become applicable to our properties. We may be required to make substantial capital expenditures to comply with those requirements and may be required to obtain approvals from various authorities with respect to our properties, including prior to acquiring a property or when undertaking renovations of any of our existing properties. There can be no assurance that existing laws and regulatory policies will not adversely affect us or the timing or cost of any future acquisitions or renovations, or that additional regulations will not be adopted that increase such delays or result in additional costs. Additionally, failure to comply with any of these requirements could result in the imposition of fines by governmental authorities or awards of damages to private litigants. While we intend to only acquire properties that we believe are currently in substantial compliance with all regulatory requirements, these requirements may change and new requirements may be imposed which would require significant unanticipated expenditures by us and could materially and adversely affect us.
In the future, we may choose to acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions, which could result in stockholder dilution and limit our ability to sell such assets.
In the future we may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for OP units, which may result in stockholder dilution. This acquisition
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structure may have the effect of, among other things, reducing the amount of tax depreciation we could deduct over the tax life of the acquired properties, and may require that we agree to protect the contributors' ability to defer recognition of taxable gain through restrictions on our ability to dispose of the acquired properties and/or the allocation of partnership debt to the contributors to maintain their tax bases. These restrictions could limit our ability to sell an asset at a time, or on terms, that would be favorable absent such restrictions.
We may experience a decline in the fair value of our assets, which may have a material impact on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations and adversely impact the market value of our common stock.
A decline in the fair market value of our assets may require us to recognize an other-than-temporary impairment against such assets under GAAP if we were to determine that we do not have the ability and intent to hold any assets in unrealized loss positions to maturity or for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery to the amortized cost of such assets. In such event, we would recognize unrealized losses through earnings and write down the amortized cost of such assets to a new cost basis, based on the fair value of such assets on the date they are considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired. Such impairment charges reflect non-cash losses at the time of recognition; subsequent disposition or sale of such assets could further affect our future losses or gains, as they are based on the difference between the sale price received and adjusted amortized cost of such assets at the time of sale, which may adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.
The form, timing and/or amount of dividend distributions in future periods may vary and be affected by economic and other considerations.
The form, timing and/or amount of dividend distributions will be authorized at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on actual cash from operations, our financial condition, capital requirements, the annual distribution requirements applicable to REITs under the Code and other factors as our board of directors may consider relevant. See "Distribution Policy."
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
Our level of indebtedness could materially and adversely affect our financial position, including reducing funds available for other business purposes and reducing our operational flexibility.
As of March 31, 2020, we had no borrowings under our $250.0 million Revolver. Payments of principal and interest on borrowings may leave us with insufficient cash resources to meet our cash needs or make the distributions to our common stockholders currently contemplated or necessary to qualify as a REIT. Our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us by our debt agreements could have significant adverse consequences, including the following:
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The occurrence of any of these events could materially and adversely affect us. Furthermore, foreclosures could create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds, which could hinder our ability to meet the REIT distribution requirements imposed by the Code.
Market conditions could adversely affect our ability to refinance existing indebtedness or obtain additional financing for growth on acceptable terms or at all, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Credit markets may experience significant price volatility, displacement and liquidity disruptions, including the bankruptcy, insolvency or restructuring of certain financial institutions. Such circumstances could materially impact liquidity in the financial markets, making financing terms for borrowers less attractive, and potentially result in the unavailability of various types of debt financing. As a result, we may be unable to obtain debt financing on favorable terms or at all or fully refinance maturing indebtedness with new indebtedness. Reductions in our available borrowing capacity or inability to obtain credit, including under the Credit Facility, when required or when business conditions warrant could materially and adversely affect us.
Furthermore, if prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, then the interest expense relating to that refinanced indebtedness would increase. Higher interest rates on newly incurred debt may negatively impact us as well. If interest rates increase, our interest costs and overall costs of capital will increase, which could materially and adversely affect us and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Our debt financing agreements, including the Credit Facility, contain or may contain restrictions and covenants which may limit our ability to enter into or obtain funding for certain transactions, operate our business or make distributions to our common stockholders.
The Credit Facility and other debt agreements we may enter into in the future contain or may contain financial and other covenants with which we are or will be required to comply and that limit or will limit our ability to operate our business. These covenants, as well as any additional covenants to which we may be subject in the future because of additional borrowings, could cause us to have to forego investment opportunities, reduce or eliminate distributions to our common stockholders or obtain financing that is more expensive than financing we could obtain if we were not subject to the covenants. In addition, the agreements governing our borrowings may have cross default provisions, which provide
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that a default under one of our debt financing agreements would lead to a default on all of our debt financing agreements.
The covenants and other restrictions under our debt agreements may affect, among other things, our ability to:
Additionally, these restrictions may adversely affect our operating and financial flexibility and may limit our ability to respond to changes in our business or competitive environment, all of which may materially and adversely affect us.
Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure
The interests of EB Arrow and the Chairman of our Board may differ from our interests or those of our other stockholders.
Todd Minnis, the Chairman of our Board, is the Chief Executive Officer of EB Arrow, which will beneficially own Class B OP units representing approximately % of our common stock on a fully diluted basis immediately after this offering. EB Arrow and its affiliates engage in a broad spectrum of activities, including investments in real estate. In the ordinary course of their business activities, EB Arrow and its affiliates may engage in activities where their interests conflict with our interests or those of our stockholders. Our charter provides that, for so long as EB Arrow and its affiliates collectively own at least 1% of the outstanding shares of our common stock and the outstanding OP units, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, none of EB Arrow, its affiliates, any of their representatives and any of our directors that is an employee or affiliate of EB Arrow will have any duty to refrain from engaging, directly or indirectly, in the same business activities or similar business activities or lines of business in which we operate or directly or indirectly doing business with any of our clients, customers or suppliers, and that EB Arrow and its affiliates may pursue business opportunities that may be complementary to our business, other than business opportunities that any such person becomes aware of as a direct result of his or her capacity as a director or officer, and, as a result, those business opportunities may not be available to us. See "Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws Corporate Opportunities."
The Investor Group will have substantial influence over our business, and its interests may differ from our interests or those of our other stockholders.
Immediately after this offering, the Investor Group will beneficially own approximately % of our outstanding common stock. As a result, the Investor Group will have significant influence in the election of our directors, who will in turn elect our executive officers, set our management policies and exercise overall supervision and control over us and our subsidiaries. The interests of the Investor Group may differ from the interests of our other stockholders, and the Investor Group's significant stockholdings may limit other stockholders' ability to influence corporate matters. The concentration of ownership and voting power of the Investor Group may also delay, defer or even prevent an acquisition by a third party or other change of control of our company and may make some transactions more
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difficult or impossible without the support of the Investor Group, even if such events are in the best interests of our other stockholders. As a result of the Investor Group's influence, we may take actions that our other stockholders do not view as beneficial, which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and cause the value of your investment in us to decline.
Our charter contains certain restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock that may delay, defer or prevent a change of control transaction, even if such a change in control may be in your interest, and as a result may depress the market price of our common stock.
Our charter contains various provisions that are intended to assist us to qualify as a REIT, among other reasons, and, subject to certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary or appropriate to qualify as a REIT. For example, our charter prohibits the actual, beneficial or constructive ownership by any person of more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our common stock or of any class or series of our preferred stock, or more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of all classes and series of our stock. Our board of directors, in its sole and absolute discretion, may exempt a person, prospectively or retroactively, from these ownership limits if certain conditions are satisfied. See "Description of Our Capital Stock Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer." The restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock may, among other things:
We could increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of stock, classify and reclassify unissued stock and issue stock without stockholder approval.
Our board of directors, without stockholder approval, has the power to amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we are authorized to issue, to authorize us to issue authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock into one or more classes or series of stock and to set the terms of such newly classified or reclassified shares. See "Description of Our Capital Stock Common Stock" and " Preferred Stock." As a result, we may issue one or more classes or series of common stock or preferred stock with preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption that are senior to, or otherwise conflict with, the rights of our common stockholders. Although our board of directors has no such intention at the present time, it could establish a class or series of common stock or preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of such class or series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
Our bylaws designate the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit their ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or, if that court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, Northern Division, will be the sole and exclusive forum for
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(a) any Internal Corporate Claim, as such term is defined in the Maryland General Corporation Law (the "MGCL"), (b) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf (other than actions arising under federal securities laws), (c) any action asserting a claim of breach of any duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or to our stockholders, (d) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees arising pursuant to any provision of the MGCL or our charter or bylaws or (e) any other action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This provision does not cover claims made by stockholders pursuant to the securities laws of the United States, or any rules or regulations promulgated thereunder.
Termination of the employment agreements with certain members of our management team could be costly.
The employment agreements with certain members of our management team provide that if their employment with us terminates under certain circumstances (including in connection with a change in control of our company), we may be required to pay them significant amounts of severance compensation, thereby making it costly to terminate their employment.
Our board of directors may change our investment and financing policies without stockholder approval and we may become more highly leveraged, which may increase our risk of default under our debt obligations.
Our investment and financing policies are exclusively determined by our board of directors. Accordingly, our stockholders do not control these policies. Further, our organizational documents do not limit the amount or percentage of indebtedness, funded or otherwise, that we may incur. Although we are not required to maintain a particular leverage ratio, we generally intend to target a conservative level of net debt (which includes recourse and non-recourse borrowings and any outstanding preferred stock issuance less unrestricted cash and cash equivalents). Our board of directors may alter or eliminate our current policy on borrowing at any time without stockholder approval. If this policy changes, we could become more highly leveraged, which could result in an increase in our debt service. Higher leverage also increases the risk of default on our obligations. In addition, a change in our investment policies, including the manner in which we allocate our resources across our portfolio or the types of assets in which we seek to invest, may increase our exposure to interest rate risk, real estate market fluctuations and liquidity risk. Changes to our policies with regards to the foregoing could materially and adversely affect us.
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.
As permitted by Maryland law, our charter eliminates the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Therefore, our directors and officers will be subject to monetary liability resulting only from:
As a result, we and our stockholders have rights against our directors and officers that are more limited than might otherwise exist. Accordingly, in the event that actions taken by any of our directors or officers impede the performance of our company, your and our ability to recover damages from such director or officer will be limited. In addition, our charter requires us to indemnify and advance expenses to our directors and officers for actions taken by them in those and certain other capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.
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We are a holding company with no direct operations and we rely on funds received from our operating partnership to pay liabilities.
We are a holding company and we conduct substantially all of our operations through our operating partnership. We do not have, apart from an interest in our operating partnership, any independent operations. As a result, we rely on distributions from our operating partnership to pay any dividends and other distributions we might declare on shares of our common stock. We also rely on distributions from our operating partnership to meet any of our obligations, including any tax liability on taxable income allocated to us from our operating partnership. In addition, because we are a holding company, your claims as stockholders will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and obligations (whether or not for borrowed money) of our operating partnership and its subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, our assets and those of our operating partnership and its subsidiaries will be able to satisfy the claims of our stockholders only after all of our and our operating partnership's and its subsidiaries' liabilities and obligations have been paid in full.
In connection with our future acquisition of properties or otherwise, we may issue units of our operating partnership to third parties. Such issuances would reduce our ownership in our operating partnership. Because you will not directly own units of our operating partnership, you will not have any voting rights with respect to any such issuances or other partnership level activities of our operating partnership.
Conflicts of interest could arise in the future between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of OP units, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.
Conflicts of interest could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us and our affiliates, on the one hand, and our operating partnership or any future partner thereof, on the other. Our directors and officers have duties to our company under applicable Maryland law in connection with the management of our company. At the same time, one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, NETSTREIT GP, LLC, as the general partner of our operating partnership, has fiduciary duties and obligations to our operating partnership and its limited partners under Delaware law and the partnership agreement of our operating partnership in connection with the management of our operating partnership. The fiduciary duties and obligations of NETSTREIT GP, LLC, as the general partner of our operating partnership, and its limited partners may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our company.
Under the terms of the partnership agreement of our operating partnership, if there is a conflict between the interests of our stockholders on one hand and any limited partners on the other, we will endeavor in good faith to resolve the conflict in a manner not adverse to either our stockholders or any limited partners; provided, however, that any conflict that cannot be resolved in a manner not adverse to either our stockholders or any limited partners must be resolved in favor of our stockholders.
The partnership agreement of our operating partnership requires the general partner to obtain the approval of a majority in interest of the outside limited partners in our operating partnership (which excludes us and our subsidiaries) to transfer any of its or our interest in our operating partnership in connection with certain mergers, consolidations or other combinations of us, or a sale of all or substantially all of our assets.
The partnership agreement of our operating partnership also provides that the general partner will not be liable to our operating partnership, its partners or any other person bound by the partnership agreement for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by our operating partnership or any limited partner, except for liability for the general partner's intentional harm or gross negligence. Moreover, the partnership agreement of our operating partnership provides that our operating partnership is required to indemnify the general partner and its members, managers, managing members, officers, employees, agents and designees from and against any and all claims that
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relate to the operations of our operating partnership, except (i) if the act or omission of the person was material to the matter giving rise to the action and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active or deliberate dishonesty, (ii) for any transaction for which the indemnified party received an improper personal benefit, in money, property or services or otherwise in violation or breach of any provision of the partnership agreement or (iii) in the case of a criminal proceeding, if the indemnified person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.
We may have assumed unknown liabilities in connection with the formation transactions, which, if significant, could adversely affect our business.
As part of the formation transactions, we acquired indirect interests in the properties and assets of our predecessor, subject to existing liabilities, some of which may have been unknown at the time the private offering was consummated. As part of the formation transactions, our predecessor made limited representations, warranties and covenants to us regarding the contributed assets. Because many liabilities, including tax liabilities, may not have been identified, we may have no recourse for such liabilities. Any unknown or unquantifiable liabilities to which the properties and assets previously owned by our predecessor are subject could adversely affect the value of those properties and as a result adversely affect us.
Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
Our failure to qualify or maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes would reduce the amount of funds we have available for distribution and limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
We believe that our organization and current proposed method of operation has enabled us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2019, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner. However, we cannot assure you that we will qualify and remain qualified as a REIT. In connection with this offering, we will receive an opinion from Winston & Strawn LLP that we qualified to be taxed as a REIT under the U.S. federal income tax laws for our short taxable year ended December 31, 2019, and our organization and current and proposed method of operations will enable us to satisfy the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the U.S. federal income tax laws for our taxable year ending December 31, 2020 and subsequent taxable years. Investors should be aware that Winston & Strawn LLP's opinion will be based upon customary assumptions, will be conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including representations regarding the nature of our assets and the conduct of our business, and is not binding upon the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") or any court and speaks only as of the date issued. In addition, Winston & Strawn LLP's opinion will be based on existing U.S. federal income tax law governing qualification as a REIT, which is subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating results, certain qualification tests set forth in the U.S. federal tax laws. Winston & Strawn LLP will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual results of operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements. Winston & Strawn LLP's opinion does not foreclose the possibility that we may have to use one or more of the REIT savings provisions described below, which could require us to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be material) in order for us to maintain our REIT qualification. For a discussion of the tax consequences of our failure to qualify as a REIT, see "U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Failure to Qualify."
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will face serious tax consequences that will substantially reduce the funds available for distributions to our stockholders because:
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In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will no longer be required to make distributions. As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and it would adversely affect the value of our common stock. See "U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations" for a discussion of material U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to us and our common stock.
Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations. The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy a number of requirements, including requirements regarding the ownership of our stock, requirements regarding the composition of our assets and a requirement that certain specified percentages of our gross income in any year must be derived from qualifying sources, such as "rents from real property." Also, we must make distributions to stockholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains. In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may materially and adversely affect our investors, our ability to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes or the desirability of an investment in a REIT relative to other investments.
Even if we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow and our ability to make distributions to you.
Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local income, property and excise taxes on our income or property and, in certain cases, a 100% penalty tax, in the event we sell property as a dealer. In addition, NETSTREIT TRS and any additional taxable REIT subsidiaries ("TRSs") we form will be subject to U.S. federal income tax and applicable state and local taxes on their net income. Any of these taxes would reduce our cash available for distribution to you.
Failure to make required distributions would subject us to U.S. federal corporate income tax.
We intend to continue to operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In order to qualify as a REIT, we generally are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain, each year to our stockholders. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than the minimum amount specified under the Code.
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If our operating partnership failed to qualify as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT.
We believe that our operating partnership will be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, our operating partnership generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its income. Instead, each of its partners, including us, will be allocated, and may be required to pay tax with respect to, its share of our operating partnership's income. We cannot assure you, however, that the IRS will not challenge the status of our operating partnership or any other subsidiary partnership in which we own an interest as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in treating our operating partnership or any such other subsidiary partnership as an entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would fail to meet the gross income tests and certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs and, accordingly, we would likely cease to qualify as a REIT. Also, the failure of our operating partnership or any subsidiary partnerships to qualify as a partnership could cause it to become subject to U.S. federal and state corporate income tax, which would reduce significantly the amount of cash available for debt service and for distribution to its partners, including us.
To maintain our REIT qualification, we may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions, and the unavailability of such capital on favorable terms at the desired times, or at all, may cause us to curtail our investment activities and/or to dispose of assets at inopportune times, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and value of our common stock.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (a) 85% of our ordinary income, (b) 95% of our capital gain net income and (c) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. To maintain our REIT qualification and avoid the payment of U.S. federal income and excise taxes, we may need to borrow funds to meet the REIT distribution requirements, even if the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings. These borrowing needs could result from, among other things, differences in timing between the actual receipt of cash and recognition of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. These sources, however, may not be available on favorable terms or at all. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends on a number of factors, including the market's perception of our growth potential, our current debt levels, and our current and potential future earnings. We cannot assure you that we will have access to such capital on favorable terms at the desired times, or at all, which may cause us to curtail our investment activities and/or to dispose of assets at inopportune times, and could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the value of our common stock. Alternatively, we may make taxable in-kind distributions of our own stock, which may cause our stockholders to be required to pay income taxes with respect to such distributions in excess of any cash they receive, or we may be required to withhold taxes with respect to such distributions in excess of any cash our stockholders receive.
Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
Currently, the maximum tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for this reduced rate. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "TCJA"), however, U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates generally may deduct up to 20% of the ordinary dividends
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(e.g., dividends not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income) received from a REIT for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026. To qualify for this deduction, the U.S. stockholder receiving such dividends must hold the dividend-paying REIT stock for at least 46 days (taking into account certain special holding period rules) of the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend and cannot be under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to a position in substantially similar or related property. Although this deduction reduces the effective U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to such dividends paid by REITs (generally to 29.6% assuming the stockholder is subject to the 37% maximum rate), such tax rate is still higher than the tax rate applicable to corporate dividends that constitute qualified dividend income. Accordingly, investors who are individuals, trusts and estates may perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could materially and adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including the per share trading price of our common stock.
The share ownership restrictions of the Code for REITs and the 9.8% share ownership limit in our charter may inhibit market activity in shares of our stock and restrict our business combination opportunities.
In order to qualify as a REIT, five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code, may not own, actually or constructively, more than 50% in value of our issued and outstanding shares of stock at any time during the last half of each taxable year, other than the first year for which a REIT election is made. Attribution rules in the Code determine if any individual or entity actually or constructively owns shares of our common stock under this requirement. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own shares of our common stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year for each taxable year, other than the first year for which a REIT election is made. To help ensure that we meet these tests, among other purposes, our charter restricts the acquisition and ownership of shares of our common stock.
Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary or appropriate to preserve our qualification as a REIT while we so qualify. Unless exempted by our board of directors (prospectively or retroactively), for so long as we qualify as a REIT, our charter prohibits, among other limitations on ownership and transfer of shares of our stock, any person from beneficially or constructively owning (applying certain attribution rules under the Code) more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding common stock or of any class or series of our preferred stock, or more than 9.8% of the aggregate value of all of our outstanding stock. Our board of directors may not grant an exemption from these restrictions to any proposed transferee whose ownership in excess of the 9.8% ownership limit would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT. The board may grant waivers from the ownership limits for certain stockholders. These waivers may be subject to initial and ongoing conditions designed to protect our status as a REIT. These restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply, however, if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interest to qualify as a REIT or that compliance with such restriction is no longer required in order for us to so qualify as a REIT.
These ownership limits could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of the stockholders.
The tax imposed on REITs engaging in "prohibited transactions" may limit our ability to engage in transactions which would be treated as sales for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
A REIT's net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. Although we do not intend to hold any properties that would be characterized as held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business, unless a sale or disposition qualifies under certain statutory safe harbors, such characterization
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is a factual determination and no guarantee can be given that the IRS would agree with our characterization of our properties or that we will always be able to make use of the available safe harbors. The 100% tax does not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a TRS or other taxable corporation, although such income will be subject to tax in the hands of the corporation at regular corporate rates. We intend to structure our activities to avoid the prohibited transaction tax.
If a transaction intended to qualify as a 1031 Exchange is later determined to be taxable, we may face adverse consequences, and if the laws applicable to such transactions are amended or repealed, we may not be able to dispose of properties on a tax-deferred basis.
We actively manage our portfolio and dispose of properties that do not meet our disciplined underwriting criteria, including rent coverage ratios below 2.0x, or subject us to risks associated with adverse developments affecting particular tenants, industries or regions. In order to avoid potentially significant taxable gains upon the sale of such properties, we intend to dispose of properties in 1031 Exchanges. It is possible that the qualification of a transaction as a 1031 Exchange could be successfully challenged and determined to be currently taxable. In such case, our taxable income and earnings and profits would increase. This could increase the dividend income to our stockholders by reducing any return of capital they received. In some circumstances, we may be required to pay additional dividends or, in lieu of that, corporate income tax, possibly including interest and penalties. In addition, such recharacterization could result in such property sale, and potentially other property sales, being subject to the 100% penalty tax on net income from prohibited transactions. As a result, we may be required to borrow funds in order to pay additional dividends or taxes, and the payment of such taxes could cause us to have less cash available to distribute to our stockholders. In addition, if a 1031 Exchange were later to be determined to be taxable, we may be required to amend our tax returns for the applicable year in question, including any information reports we sent our stockholders. Moreover, it is possible that legislation could be enacted that could modify or repeal the laws with respect to 1031 Exchanges, which could make it more difficult or impossible for us to dispose of properties on a tax deferred basis.
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.
The REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our assets and liabilities. Any income from a hedging transaction that we enter into to manage the risk of interest rate changes with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets, or from certain terminations of such hedging positions, does not constitute "gross income" for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests that apply to REITs, provided that certain identification requirements are met. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions will likely be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. See "U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations." As a result of these rules, we may need to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because our TRSs would be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in any TRS in which we own an interest will generally not provide any tax benefit, except that such losses could theoretically be carried forward against future taxable income in such TRS.
Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities or liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
To qualify as a REIT, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the nature and diversification of our assets, the sources of our income and the amounts we distribute to our stockholders. We may be required to liquidate or forgo otherwise attractive investments in order to satisfy the asset and income tests or to qualify under certain statutory relief provisions. We also may be
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required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. As a result, having to comply with the distribution requirement could cause us to: (i) sell assets in adverse market conditions; (ii) borrow on unfavorable terms; or (iii) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt. Accordingly, satisfying the REIT requirements could materially and adversely affect us. Moreover, if we are compelled to liquidate our investments to meet any of these asset, income or distribution tests, or to repay obligations to our lenders, we may be unable to comply with one or more of the requirements applicable to REITs or may be subject to a 100% tax on any resulting gain if such sales constitute prohibited transactions.
The ability of the board to revoke our REIT qualification without stockholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders.
Our board may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to stockholders in computing our taxable income would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate rate and state and local taxes, and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our stockholders.
Although our use of TRSs may partially mitigate the impact of meeting certain requirements necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT, there are limits on our ability to own TRSs, and a failure to comply with the limits would jeopardize our REIT qualification and may result in the application of a 100% excise tax.
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 20% of the value of a REIT's assets may consist of securities of one or more TRSs. In addition, the Code imposes a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are treated as not being conducted on an arm's-length basis.
NETSTREIT TRS and any other TRSs that we form will pay U.S. federal, state and local income tax on the TRS' taxable income, and the TRSs' after-tax net income will be available for distribution to us but is not required to be distributed to us. Although we will monitor the aggregate value of the securities of such TRSs and intend to conduct our affairs so that such securities will represent less than 20% of the value of our total assets, there can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the TRS limitation in all market conditions.
Legislative or other actions affecting REITs could have a negative effect on our stockholders or us.
The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Changes to the tax laws, with or without retroactive application, could materially and adversely affect our investors or us. We cannot predict how changes in the tax laws might affect our investors or us. New legislation, Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions could significantly and negatively affect our ability to qualify as a REIT or the U.S. federal income tax consequences of such qualification, or the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in us. Also, the law relating to the tax treatment of other entities, or an investment in other entities, could change, making an investment in such other entities more attractive relative to an investment in a REIT.
The tax laws applicable to REITs could be subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, as well as interpretations and implementing regulations by the Treasury and IRS, any of which
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could lessen or increase the impact of such tax laws. In addition, it is unclear how any changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws will affect state and local taxation, which often uses U.S. federal taxable income as a starting point for computing state and local tax liabilities.
While some of the changes made by new tax legislation may adversely affect us in one or more reporting periods and prospectively, other changes may be beneficial on a going forward basis.
Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock
There is currently no public market for our common stock, a trading market for our common stock may never develop following this offering and our common stock price may be volatile and could decline substantially following this offering.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock, and there can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop or be sustained or that shares of our common stock will be resold at or above the initial public offering price. We intend to apply to list our common stock on the NYSE. If an active market does not develop or is not maintained, the market price of our common stock may decline and you may not be able to sell your shares. Even if an active trading market develops for our common stock subsequent to this offering, the market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. Our financial performance, government regulatory action, tax laws, interest rates and market conditions in general could have a significant impact on the future market price of our common stock.
Some of the factors that could negatively affect or result in fluctuations in the market price of our common stock include:
Broad market fluctuations could negatively impact the market price of shares of our common stock.
The stock market may experience extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of many companies in industries similar or related to ours and that have been unrelated to these companies' operating performances. The changes frequently appear to occur without regard to the operating performance of the affected companies. Hence, the price of our common stock could fluctuate based upon factors that have little or nothing to do with us in particular. These broad market fluctuations could reduce the market price of shares of our common stock. Furthermore, our operating results
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and prospects may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors or may be lower than those of companies with comparable market capitalizations. Either of these factors could lead to a material decline in the per share trading price of our common stock.
If you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, you will experience immediate dilution.
The offering price of our common stock is higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock outstanding upon the completion of this offering. Accordingly, if you purchase our common stock in this offering, you will experience immediate dilution of approximately $ in pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock. This means that investors that purchase shares of our common stock in this offering will pay a price per share that exceeds the per share pro forma net tangible book value of our shares. See "Dilution."
The offering price per share of our common stock offered under this prospectus may not accurately reflect the value of your investment.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. The initial public offering price per share of our common stock has been determined by agreement among us and the underwriters, but there can be no assurance that our common stock will not trade below the initial public offering price following the completion of this offering. See "Underwriting." Factors considered in determining the price of our common stock include:
However, although these factors were considered, the determination of our offering price is more arbitrary than the pricing of securities for a publicly traded company. The offering price may not accurately reflect the value of our common stock and may not be realized upon any subsequent disposition of the shares.
We may be unable to make distributions at expected levels, which could result in a decrease in the market price of our common stock.
Our estimated initial annual distribution on our common stock represents % of our estimated initial cash available for distribution for the 12 months ending December 31, 2020 as calculated in "Distribution Policy." Accordingly, we may be unable to pay our estimated initial annual distribution to stockholders out of cash available for distribution. If sufficient cash is not available for such distribution from our operations, we may have to fund distributions from working capital, borrow to provide funds for such distributions, or reduce the amount of such distributions. To the extent we borrow to fund distributions, our future interest expense would increase, thereby reducing our earnings and cash available for distribution from what they otherwise would have been. If cash available for distribution generated by our assets is less than our current estimate, or if such cash available for distribution decreases in future periods from expected levels, our inability to make the expected distributions could result in a decrease in the market price of our common stock. In the event the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised, pending investment of the proceeds therefrom, our ability to pay such distributions out of cash from our operations may be further adversely affected.
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All distributions will be authorized at the discretion of our board of directors and will be based upon, among other factors, our historical and projected results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and liquidity, qualification and maintenance of our REIT qualification and other tax considerations, capital expenditure and other expense obligations, debt covenants, contractual prohibitions or other limitations and applicable law and such other matters as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. We may not be able to make distributions in the future, and our inability to make distributions, or to make distributions at expected levels, could result in a decrease in the market price of our common stock.
There are restrictions on ownership and transfer of our common stock.
To assist us in qualifying as a REIT, among other purposes, our charter generally limits beneficial ownership by any person to no more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding common stock or of any class or series of our preferred stock, or more than 9.8% of the aggregate value of all our outstanding stock. Our charter contains various other restrictions on the ownership and transfer of shares of our stock. See "Description of Our Capital Stock Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer." As a result, an investor that purchases shares of our common stock in this offering may not be able to readily resell such common stock. For more information, see "Description of Our Capital Stock Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer."
Future sales of our common stock or other securities convertible into our common stock could cause the market value of our common stock to decline and could result in dilution of your shares.
Our board of directors is authorized, to increase the total number of shares of stock that we are authorized to issue and without your approval, to cause us to issue additional shares of our stock or to raise capital through the issuance of preferred stock, options, warrants and other rights on terms and for consideration as our board of directors in its sole discretion may determine. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock will dilute your ownership and could cause the market price of our common stock to decrease significantly. We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future sales of our common stock, or the availability of our common stock for future sales, on the value of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
In addition, our operating partnership may issue additional OP units to third parties without the consent of our stockholders, which would reduce our ownership percentage in our operating partnership and would have a dilutive effect on the amount of distributions made to us by our operating partnership and, therefore, the amount of distributions we can make to our stockholders. Any such issuances, or the perception of such issuances, could materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We may be required to pay Special Stock Dividends if we do not satisfy certain obligations under the Registration Rights Agreements, which could cause the market value of our common stock to decline and could result in dilution of your shares.
If the Resale Shelf Registration Statement is not declared effective by the Resale Registration Effectiveness Deadline or the Extended Resale Registration Effectiveness Deadline, as applicable, we will be required to pay Special Stock Dividends on each outstanding share of our common stock issued in the Private Offering and each Class A OP unit. Special Stock Dividends will accrue at a rate of 8% per annum, based on a value of $19.75 per share (which was the offering price per share in the private offering), or 0.08 shares of common stock per annum, for the number of days during following the Resale Registration Effectiveness Deadline or the Extended Resale Registration Effectiveness Deadline, as applicable, that the Resale Shelf Registration Statement is not declared effective by the SEC. See "Description of Capital Stock Registration Rights." In the event we are required to issue Special Stock
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Dividends under the Registration Rights Agreements, such issuances, or the perception of such issuances, could materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Future offerings of debt securities or preferred stock, which would rank senior to our common stock upon our bankruptcy or liquidation, and future offerings of equity securities that may be senior to our common stock for the purposes of dividend and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
In the future, we may attempt to raise additional capital by making offerings of debt securities or additional offerings of equity securities, including preferred stock. Upon bankruptcy or liquidation, holders of our debt securities and shares of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Our preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments or both that could limit our ability to pay a dividend or other distribution to the holders of our common stock. Our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control. As a result, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings, and purchasers of our common stock in this offering bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their ownership interest in our company.
We will have broad discretion in the use of a significant part of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.
Our management currently intends to use the net proceeds from this offering in the manner described in "Use of Proceeds," and will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could affect our ability to operate and grow our business.
A lack of research analyst coverage or restrictions on the ability of analysts associated with the underwriters to publish during certain time periods, including when we report our results of operations, could materially and adversely affect the trading price and liquidity of our common stock.
We cannot assure you that research analysts, including those associated with the underwriters of this offering, will initiate or maintain research coverage of us or our common stock. In addition, regulatory rules prohibit research analysts associated with the underwriters of this offering from publishing or otherwise distributing a research report or from making a public appearance regarding us for 15 days prior to and after the expiration, waiver or termination of any lock-up agreement that we or certain of our stockholders have entered into with the underwriters of this offering. Accordingly, it could be the case that research concerning our results of operations or the possible effects on us of significant news or a significant event will not be published or will be published on a delayed basis. A lack of research or the inability of certain research analysts to publish research relating to our results of operations or significant news or a significant event in a timely manner could materially and adversely affect the trading price and liquidity of our common stock.
We are an "emerging growth company," and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make shares of our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an "emerging growth company" as defined in the JOBS Act, and we intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, an extended
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transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. We may take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year during which our total annual revenue equals or exceeds $1.07 billion (subject to adjustment for inflation), (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of this offering, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a "large accelerated filer" under the Exchange Act.
We will incur significant new costs as a result of becoming a public company, and such costs may increase when we cease to be an emerging growth company.
As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses that we have not incurred as a private company, including costs associated with public company reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the listing requirements of the NYSE and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Compliance with these rules and regulations may significantly increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources. As a result, our executive officers' attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Furthermore, the expenses incurred by public companies generally for reporting and corporate governance purposes have been increasing. We expect compliance with these public reporting requirements and associated rules and regulations to increase expenses, particularly after we are no longer an emerging growth company, although we are currently unable to estimate theses costs with any degree of certainty. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five full fiscal years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier as discussed above, which could result in our incurring additional costs applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies.
In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be adversely affected.
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The information in this prospectus includes "forward-looking statements." All statements, other than statements of historical fact, included in this prospectus regarding, among other things, our strategy, future operations, financial position, projected costs, our acquisition pipeline, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. When used in this prospectus, the words "could," "believe," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "expect," "project" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such identifying words. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions about future events and are based on currently available information as to the outcome and timing of future events. When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading "Risk Factors" included in this prospectus. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current belief, based on currently available information, as to the outcome and timing of future events. Our forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
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These factors are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any of our forward-looking statements. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could have material adverse effects on our future results. Our future results will depend upon various other risks and uncertainties, including those described elsewhere in this prospectus under the heading, "Risk Factors." Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date they are made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.
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We estimate that our net proceeds from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by us, will be approximately $ million, based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus (or approximately $ million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full).
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $ million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Similarly, each increase (decrease) of one million shares of common stock offered by us would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $ million, assuming the assumed initial public offering price remains the same and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
We intend to contribute the net proceeds of this offering to our operating partnership in exchange for Class A OP units, and our operating partnership intends to use the net proceeds received from us as follows:
The Revolver bears interest at either (i) LIBOR, plus a margin ranging from 1.35% to 2.30%, based on the Company's consolidated total leverage ratio or (ii) a Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Facility), plus a margin ranging from 0.35% to 1.30%, based on the Company's consolidated total leverage ratio. The Revolver matures on December 23, 2023. Borrowings under the Revolver were incurred to fund property acquisitions.
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC and its affiliate serve as the administrative agent and lead arranger under the Credit Facility. In addition, affiliates of one or more underwriters are lenders under the Credit Facility and will receive a portion of the proceeds from this offering. See "Underwriting Relationships."
Pending application of the net proceeds, we will invest the net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing securities that are consistent with our election to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such investments may include, for example, government and government agency certificates, government bonds, certificates of deposit, interest-bearing bank deposits, money market accounts and mortgage loan participations.
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders.
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You should read the following discussion of our cash distribution policy in conjunction with our discussion of "Forward-Looking Statements" and "Risk Factors" for information regarding statements that do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and certain risks to our business. For additional information regarding our historical results of operations, you should refer to the historical financial statements and related notes, in each case, included elsewhere in this prospectus.
We intend to make a pro rata distribution with respect to the period commencing upon the completion of this offering and ending on , 2020, based on a distribution rate of $ per share of common stock for a full quarter. On an annualized basis, this would be $ per share of common stock, or an annualized distribution rate of approximately % based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover of this prospectus. We estimate that this initial annual distribution rate will represent approximately % of our estimated cash available for distribution for the year ending December 31, 2020. We do not intend to reduce the annualized distribution per share of common stock if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares. Our intended initial annual distribution rate has been established based on our estimate of cash available for distribution for the year ending December 31, 2020, which we have calculated based on adjustments to our pro forma net loss for the year ended December 31, 2019. This estimate was based on our historical operating results and does not take into account our long-term business and growth strategies, nor does it take into account any unanticipated expenditures we may have to make or any financings for such expenditures. In estimating our cash available for distribution for the year ending December 31, 2020, we have made certain assumptions as reflected in the table and footnotes below.
Our estimate of cash available for distribution does not include the effect of any changes in our working capital resulting from changes in our working capital accounts. In addition, our estimate of cash available for distribution does not include $ million of incremental general and administrative expenses expected to be incurred subsequent to the completion of this offering in order to operate as a public company. It also does not reflect the amount of cash estimated to be used for investing activities, financing activities or other activities, other than reductions in interest expense associated with loan amortization. Any such investing and/or financing activities may have a material and adverse effect on our estimate of cash available for distribution. Because we have made the assumptions described herein in estimating cash available for distribution, we do not intend this estimate to be a projection or forecast of our actual results of operations, FFO, Core FFO, AFFO, liquidity or financial condition, and we have estimated cash available for distribution for the sole purpose of determining our estimated initial annual distribution amount. Our estimate of cash available for distribution should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities (computed in accordance with GAAP) or as an indicator of our liquidity or our ability to make distributions. In addition, the methodology upon which we made the adjustments described herein is not necessarily intended to be a basis for determining future distributions.
We intend to maintain our initial distribution rate for the 12 months following the completion of this offering unless our results of operations, FFO, Core FFO, AFFO, liquidity, cash flows, financial condition, prospects, economic conditions or other factors differ materially from the assumptions used in projecting our initial distribution rate. We believe that our estimate of cash available for distribution constitutes a reasonable basis for setting the initial distribution rate. However, we cannot assure you that our estimate will prove accurate, and actual distributions may therefore be significantly below the expected distributions. Our actual results of operations will be affected by a number of factors, including the revenue received from our properties, our operating expenses, interest expense and unanticipated capital expenditures. We may, from time to time, be required, or elect, to borrow under our Revolver or otherwise to pay distributions.
We cannot assure you that our estimated distributions will be made or sustained or that our board of directors will not change our distribution policy in the future. Any distributions will be authorized at
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the sole discretion of our board of directors, and their form, timing and amount, if any, will depend upon a number of factors, including our actual and projected results of operations, FFO, Core FFO, AFFO, liquidity, cash flows and financial condition, the revenue we actually receive from our properties, our operating expenses, our debt service requirements, our capital expenditures, prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements, our REIT taxable income, the annual REIT distribution requirements, applicable law, including restrictions on distributions under Maryland law, and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. For more information regarding risk factors that could materially and adversely affect us and our ability to make cash distributions, see "Risk Factors." If our operations do not generate sufficient cash flow to enable us to pay our intended or required distributions, we may be required either to fund distributions from working capital, borrow or raise equity or to reduce such distributions. In addition, our charter allows us to classify, designate and issue preferred stock that could have a preference on distributions and could limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Additionally, under certain circumstances, agreements relating to our indebtedness could limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
In order to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (a) 85% of our ordinary income, (b) 95% of our capital gain net income and (c) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. For more information, see "U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations." We anticipate that our estimated cash available for distribution will be sufficient to enable us to meet the annual distribution requirements applicable to REITs and to avoid or minimize the imposition of corporate and excise taxes. However, under some circumstances, we may be required to make distributions in excess of cash available for distribution in order to meet these distribution requirements or to avoid or minimize the imposition of tax and we may need to borrow funds to make certain distributions.
The following table sets forth calculations relating to the estimated initial distribution based on pro forma net loss for the twelve months ended March 31, 2020, which has been derived from the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and the adjustments we have made in order to estimate our initial cash available for distributions, and is
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provided solely for the purpose of illustrating the estimated initial dividend and is not intended to be a basis for determining future distributions.
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The following table sets forth, as of March 31, 2020:
You should read the following table in conjunction with the more detailed information contained in the financial statements and related notes and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in this offering memorandum.
|
As of March 31, 2020 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Historical | As Adjusted | |||||
|
(unaudited)
|
||||||
|
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |
$ | 149,877 | $ | ||||
Debt: |
|||||||
Credit Facility(1) |
173,967 | ||||||
Stockholders' Equity: |
|||||||
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 125 shares issued and outstanding, actual; no shares outstanding, as adjusted |
104 | | |||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 400,000,000 shares authorized, 11,797,645 shares issued and outstanding; shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted(2) |
118 | ||||||
Additional paid in capital |
218,946 | ||||||
| | | | | | | |
Accumulated deficit |
(1,099 | ) | |||||
| | | | | | | |
Total stockholders' equity |
218,069 | ||||||
| | | | | | | |
Noncontrolling interest(3) |
87,474 | ||||||
| | | | | | | |
Total equity |
305,543 | ||||||
| | | | | | | |
Total Capitalization |
$ | 479,510 | $ | ||||
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
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If you invest in our common stock, your ownership interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price in this offering per share of our common stock and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock upon consummation of this offering. Net tangible book value per share represents the book value of our total tangible assets less the book value of our total liabilities divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding, assuming all OP units are redeemed in exchange for shares of our common stock.
Our net tangible book value as of , 2020 was approximately $ or approximately $ per share based on the shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of such date on a fully diluted basis. After giving effect to our sale of common stock in this offering at the initial public offering price of $ per share (the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus), and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of would have been $ , or $ per share (assuming no exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares of common stock). This represents an immediate dilution of $ per share to new investors purchasing common stock in this offering.
The following table illustrates this dilution per share assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional shares of common stock:
Assumed initial public offering price per share(1) |
$ | |||
Net tangible book value per share, before giving effect to this offering |
||||
Increase in net tangible book offering per share attributable to this offering |
||||
Net tangible book value per share, after this offering |
||||
| | | | |
Dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering |
$ | |||
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
A $ increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share (the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus) would increase (decrease) our net tangible book value by $ , the net tangible book value per share after this offering by $ per share and the dilution to new investors in this offering by $ per share, assuming the number of shares of common stock offered by us, as set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
If the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares of common stock is fully exercised, the net tangible book value per share after this offering as of would be approximately $ per share and the dilution to new investors per share after this offering would be $ per share.
The following table summarizes, as of the differences between the number of shares of common stock purchased from us, the total price and the average price per share paid by existing stockholders and by the new investors in this offering, before deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, at an assumed initial public offering price
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of $ per share (the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus).
|
Shares of Common
Stock Purchased |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total Consideration |
Average
Price Per Share of Common Stock |
||||||||||||||
|
Number | Percent | Amount | Percent | ||||||||||||
Existing stockholders |
11,797,645 | % | $ | 233,003,489 | % | $ | 19.75 | |||||||||
Investors in this offering |
||||||||||||||||
Total |
100.0 | % | $ | 100.0 | % | $ |
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NETSTREIT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X, were derived from the historical consolidated financial statements of the Company and are being presented to give effect to the completed and proposed transactions described below.
The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements have been derived by applying pro forma adjustments to the historical consolidated financial statements of the Company and its predecessor presented elsewhere in this prospectus.
The pro forma adjustments give effect to events that are (1) directly attributable to the transactions referred to below, (2) factually supportable, and (3) with respect to the statement of income (loss), expected to have a continuing impact on us. The adjustments necessary to fairly present the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements have been based on available information and assumptions that we believe are reasonable. The adjustments are described in the notes to the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements and present how our financial statements may have appeared had our capital structure reflected the below transactions as of the dates noted below.
Private Offering and Formation Transactions
On December 23, 2019, we completed the initial closing of the private offering pursuant to which we sold 8,860,760 shares of common stock at $19.75 per share in a private placement under Rule 144A and Regulation D of the Securities Act. On such date, we also completed the formation transactions described below. The Company contributed the net proceeds of $164,504,600 from the initial closing of the private offering to the operating partnership in exchange for 8,860,760 Class A OP units.
Concurrently with the initial closing of the private offering, we engaged in a series of formation transactions including, but not limited to, the following:
Over-allotment Option
In connection with the private offering we granted the initial purchaser a 45-day option to purchase or place in a private placement up to an additional 2,936,885 shares of common stock at the offering price less the initial purchaser's discount or placement fee to cover additional allotments. On January 30, 2020, the initial purchaser exercised in full its option to purchase the additional shares of our common stock, which closed on February 6, 2020.
71
Preferred Stock Transaction
To assist us in maintaining our status as a REIT, on January 27, 2020, we issued and sold 125 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock for $1,000 per share to accredited investors pursuant to Regulation D under the Securities Act. The shares of Series A Preferred Stock may be redeemed at our option for consideration equal to $1,000 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends thereon to and including the date fixed for redemption, plus a redemption premium as follows: (i) until December 31, 2021, $100 and (ii) thereafter, no redemption premium. We intend to redeem all 125 outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock upon the completion of this offering.
This Offering
In connection with this offering, the following will occur:
2020 Acquisitions
During the period from January 1, 2020 through July 17, 2020, we completed 71 property acquisitions with an aggregate purchase price, including transaction costs, of $261.5 million, all of which are included in the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements. The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements also give effect to probable acquisitions with an aggregate purchase price, including transaction costs, of $ million.
The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements as of and for the period ended March 31, 2020 are presented as if (i) our completed and probable acquisitions after March 31, 2020 and (ii) the completion of this offering and the use of proceeds therefrom had all occurred on March 31, 2020 for the unaudited pro forma consolidated balance sheet; and (i) the completion of the private offering and formation transactions, including the exercise of the initial purchaser's option to purchase additional shares in connection with the private offering, (ii) our completed and probable 2020 acquisitions and (iii) the completion of this offering and the use of the proceeds therefrom had all occurred on January 1, 2019 for the unaudited pro forma consolidated statements of operations.
The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the historical consolidated financial statements of the Company and its predecessor, including the notes thereto, and other financial information and analysis, including the section captioned "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" presented elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements (i) are based on available information and assumptions that we deem reasonable; (ii) are presented for informational purposes only; (iii) do not purport to represent our financial position or results of operations or cash flows that would actually have occurred assuming completion of the transactions described above on the dates specified; and (iv) do not purport to be indicative of our future results of operations or our financial position.
72
NETSTREIT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
AS OF MARCH 31, 2020
(in thousands)
See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements
73
NETSTREIT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
Pro Forma Adjustments |
|
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Historical
Company (E) |
Completed
and probable 2020 acquisitions (F) |
Adjustments from
this offering (G) |
Company
Pro Forma |
|||||||||
REVENUE |
|||||||||||||
Rental revenue (including reimbursable) |
$ | 5,508 | $ | 4,320 | $ | $ | |||||||
EXPENSES |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Property operating |
285 | 344 | |||||||||||
General and administrative |
2,980 | | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,346 | 2,333 | |||||||||||
Interest |
1,699 | | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses |
7,310 | 2,677 | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gain from forfeited earnest money deposit |
250 | | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss |
(1,552 | ) | 1,643 | ||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |
(425 | ) | (450 | ) | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss attributable to common shareholders |
$ | (1,127 | ) | $ | 1,193 | $ | $ | ||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amounts available to common shareholders per common share: |
|||||||||||||
Net loss, basic and diluted |
$ | (0.10 | ) | | $ | ||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Basic |
11,797,645 | (K) | |||||||||||
Diluted |
11,797,645 | (K) |
See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements
74
NETSTREIT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
|
Pro Forma Adjustment |
|
Pro Forma Adjustments |
|
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Historical
Predecessor (H) |
Historical
Company (I) |
Private offering and
formation transactions, including exercise of over-allotment option (J) |
Company Adjusted (incl.
private offering and formation transactions, including exercise of over-allotment option) |
Completed
and probable 2020 acquisitions (F) |
Adjustments
from this offering (G) |
Company
Pro Forma |
|||||||||||||||
REVENUE |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Rental revenue (including reimbursable) |
$ | 19,805 | $ | 513 | $ | (1,373 | ) | $ | 18,945 | $ | 20,158 | $ | $ | |||||||||
EXPENSES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Property operating |
1,113 | 52 | (14 | ) | 1,151 | 1,445 | ||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
4,090 | 51 | | 4,141 | | |||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
10,422 | 195 | (2,547 | ) | 8,070 | 10,294 | ||||||||||||||||
Interest |
10,712 | 173 | (3,977 | ) | 6,908 | | ||||||||||||||||
Provisions for impairment |
7,186 | | (3,139 | ) | 4,047 | | ||||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses |
33,523 | 471 | (9,677 | ) | 24,317 | 11,739 | ||||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gain on sales of real estate |
5,646 | | (5,646 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) |
(8,072 | ) | 42 | 2,658 | (5,372 | ) | 8,419 | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests |
| (14 | ) | NA | (1,472 | ) | (2,305 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |
$ | (8,072 | ) | $ | 28 | $ | NA | $ | (3,900 | ) | $ | 6,114 | $ | $ | ||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amounts available to common shareholders per common share: |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss), basic and diluted |
NA | $ | | $ | | $ | (0.33 | ) | $ | |||||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Basic |
NA | 8,860,760 | 2,936,885 | 11,797,645 | (K) | |||||||||||||||||
Diluted |
NA | 8,860,760 | 2,936,885 | 11,797,645 | (K) |
See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements
75
NETSTREIT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Adjustments to the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Balance Sheet
The adjustments to the unaudited pro forma consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020 are as follows:
On July 2, 2020 we borrowed $50.0 million on our $250.0 million Revolver to fund our third-quarter property acquisitions. The adjustment assumes the completion of this borrowing and the related acquisitions had occurred on March 31, 2020 for the purposes of the unaudited pro forma consolidated balance sheet.
Gross proceeds from this offering |
$ | |||
Less: Underwriting discounts |
||||
Proceeds before offering expenses payable by us |
||||
Offering expenses payable by us |
||||
Net proceeds from this offering |
$ |
Adjustments to the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statements of Operations
The adjustments to the unaudited pro forma consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019 are as follows:
76
first quarter, on the historical consolidated statements of operations, assuming completion of the acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2019:
|
For the Three
Months Ended March 31, 2020 |
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2019 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rental revenue (including reimbursable) |
$ | 4,320 | $ | 20,158 | |||
Property operating |
344 | 1,445 | |||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,333 | 10,294 |
Rental revenue is based on contractually specified cash base rent for these properties in effect on the date of acquisition, recorded on a straight-line basis, inclusive of any amortization of related above and below-market lease intangibles.
Property expenses are based on estimated costs accrued in 2020, information obtained during our due diligence process when acquiring the properties, and the contractual terms within the respective leases. It should be noted that the adjustments to property expenses are based on current estimates and may not be indicative of our results of operations had we actually owned these properties from January 1, 2019.
No adjustment is made to reflect interest expense or unutilized fees on the $50.0 million borrowed in July 2020 to fund our third quarter property acquisitions, as the net proceeds from this offering will be utilized to repay the outstanding borrowings. For the purposes of the unaudited pro forma consolidated statements of operations, both transactions are assumed to have occurred on January 1, 2019.
For the 30 properties disposed of prior to the formation transactions on December 23, 2019, the following items have been eliminated as they were not acquired by the Company and will not have a continuing impact on our consolidated statement of operations:
77
For the initial portfolio of 93 properties acquired in the formation transactions, adjustments to reflect the impact of the acquisition had it occurred on January 1, 2019 consist of:
Decrease to interest expense of $4.0 million (including amortization of capitalized loan fees and unutilized borrowing fees) as a result of entering into the $175.0 million Term Loan and the $250.0 million Revolver, the proceeds of which were used to pay off our prior credit agreement. Interest expense was calculated assuming our $175.0 million Term Loan and $250.0 million Revolver were obtained on January 1, 2019 and remained at a constant debt level throughout the period. Interest expense may be higher or lower dependent on changes to our outstanding debt. The actual interest rate will depend on market conditions when the debt is issued, and the final composition of the debt structure is determined. A change of one-eighth of a percent to the annual interest rate on our $175.0 million Term Loan would change interest expense on our unaudited consolidated pro forma statement of operations by $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.
We have not recorded an adjustment to general and administrative expenses as a result of the completion of the private offering and formation transactions as we believe the historical results appropriately reflect the recurring costs to be incurred by the Company. It should be noted that the unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations may not be indicative of our future results of operations because we expect to incur additional non-recurring general and administrative expenses including but not limited to incremental legal, audit, tax, consulting and other compliance-related fees and expenses in order to operate as a public company.
For the exercise of the over-allotment option granted to Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, the impact on the weighted average basic and diluted shares used for the purposes of calculating pro forma earnings per share.
78
SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA
On December 23, 2019, we completed our formation transactions pursuant to which, among other things, our predecessor was merged with and into our operating partnership. The selected consolidated statements of operations data presented below for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the period from January 1, 2019 to December 22, 2019, and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2018 relate to our predecessor and are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this prospectus. The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the period from December 23, 2019 to December 31, 2019 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2019 relate to the Company and are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements that are included in this prospectus.
The selected consolidated statement of operations data presented below for the three months ended March 31, 2019 relate to our predecessor and are derived from the unaudited historical condensed consolidated financial statements that are included in this prospectus. The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2020 relate to the Company and are derived from the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements that are included in this prospectus. The unaudited interim financial and operating data have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP on the same basis as its audited financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that management considers necessary to state fairly the financial information as of and for the periods presented. The historical consolidated financial data included below and set forth elsewhere in this prospectus are not necessarily indicative of our future performance, and results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for any full year.
79
You should read the following selected historical financial data together with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Our Business and Properties" and the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
|
|
|
|
Company |
|
Predecessor | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Company |
|
Predecessor |
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
Period from
December 23 through December 31, 2019 |
|
Period from
January 1 through December 22, 2019 |
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Three months
ended March 31, 2020 |
|
Three months
ended March 31, 2019 |
|
Year ended
December 31, 2018 |
|||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
(unaudited)
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Operating Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Rental revenue (including reimbursable) |
$ | 5,508 | $ | 5,785 | $ | 513 | $ | 19,805 | $ | 23,828 | ||||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Propertyoperating |
285 | 308 | 52 | 1,113 | 1,731 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
2,980 | 1,093 | 51 | 4,090 | 3,792 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,346 | 2,704 | 195 | 10,422 | 12,880 | |||||||||||||||
Interest |
1,699 | 3,119 | 173 | 10,712 | 11,004 | |||||||||||||||
Provision for impairment |
| 3,429 | | 7,186 | 15,721 | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses |
7,310 | 10,653 | 471 | 33,523 | 45,128 | |||||||||||||||
| | |