UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q

þ
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
   
 
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2009
   
or
   
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
   
 
For the transition period from                                                to                
   
Commission File Number:  1-14303
_______________________________________________________________________________

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware
36-3161171
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
   
One Dauch Drive, Detroit, Michigan
48211-1198
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Zip Code)
(313) 758-2000
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
_______________________________________________________________________________
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  þ    No  o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes  o     No   o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See definition of “accelerated filer,” “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer   o      Accelerated filer    þ       Non-accelerated filer   o      Smaller reporting company  o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   o       No   þ

As of October 28, 2009, the latest practicable date, the number of shares of the registrant's Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding was 55,565,873 shares.


Internet Website Access to Reports

The website for American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. is www.aam.com .   Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.  The Securities and Exchange Commission also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
 
 

 

 
 
AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
       
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    Ex. 10.62  Settlement and Commercial Agreement dated as of September 16, 2009, between American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. and General Motors Company.        
    Ex. 10.63  Second Lien Term Credit Agreement dated as of September 16, 2009, between American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. and General Motors Company, as lender.   Second Lien Collateral Agreement dated as of September 16, 2009, among American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc., American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc., certain subsidiaries of American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. identified therein and General Motors Company.        
           
           
           
    Ex. 99.1  Access and Security Agreement dated as of September 16, 2009, between American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. and General Motors Company.          
             
 
 
 

 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we make statements concerning our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, strategies, and future events or performance.  Such statements are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and relate to trends and events that may affect our future financial position and operating results.  The terms such as “will,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “plan,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “project,” and similar words of expressions, as well as statements in future tense, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved.  Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and/or management’s good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements.  Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to:

·  
our ability to comply with the definitive terms and conditions of various commercial and financing arrangements with GM;
·  
global economic conditions; 
·  
availability of financing for working capital, capital expenditures, R&D or other general corporate purposes, including our ability to comply with financial covenants;
·  
our customers’ and suppliers’ availability of financing for working capital, capital expenditures, R&D or other general corporate purposes;
·  
reduced purchases of our products by GM, Chrysler or other customers;
·  
reduced demand for our customers’ products (particularly light trucks and SUVs produced by GM and Chrysler);
·  
the impact on us and our customers of requirements imposed on, or actions taken by, our customers in response to the U.S. government’s ownership interest, the Troubled Asset Relief Program or similar programs;
·  
our ability to achieve cost reductions through ongoing restructuring actions;
·  
additional restructuring actions that may occur;
·  
our ability to achieve the level of cost reductions required to sustain global cost competitiveness;
·  
our ability to maintain satisfactory labor relations and avoid future work stoppages;
·  
our suppliers’, our customers’ and their suppliers’ ability to maintain satisfactory labor relations and avoid work stoppages;
·  
our ability to implement improvements in our U.S. labor cost structure;
·  
supply shortages or price increases in raw materials, utilities or other operating supplies;
·  
our ability and our customers’ and suppliers’ ability to successfully launch new product programs on a timely basis;
·  
our ability to realize the expected revenues from our new and incremental business backlog;
·  
our ability to attract new customers and programs for new products;
·  
our ability to develop and produce new products that reflect market demand;
·  
lower-than-anticipated market acceptance of new or existing products;
·  
our ability to respond to changes in technology, increased competition or pricing pressures;
·  
continued or increased high prices for or reduced availability of fuel;
·  
adverse changes in laws, government regulations or market conditions affecting our products or our customers’ products (such as the Corporate Average Fuel Economy regulations);
·  
adverse changes in the political stability of our principal markets (particularly North America, Europe, South America and Asia);
·  
liabilities arising from warranty claims, product liability and legal proceedings to which we are or may become a party;
·  
changes in liabilities arising from pension and other postretirement benefit obligations;
·  
risks of noncompliance with environmental regulations or risks of environmental issues that could result in unforeseen costs at our facilities;
·  
our ability to attract and retain key associates;
·  
other unanticipated events and conditions that may hinder our ability to compete.

It is not possible to foresee or identify all such factors and we make no commitment to update any forward-looking statement or to disclose any facts, events or circumstances after the date hereof that may affect the accuracy of any forward-looking statement.
 
1

PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Financial Statements

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

    Three months ended  
Nine months ended
   
    September 30,  
September 30,
   
    2009    
2008
    2009
2008
 
 
    (in millions, except per share data)    
                                 
Net sales
  $ 409.6     $ 528.1     $ 1,057.6     $ 1,606.2  
               
Cost of goods sold    
321.1
      906.5       1,157.1       2,499.8    
                               
Gross profit (loss)    
88.5
      (378.4 )     (99.5 )     (893.6 )  
                               
Selling, general and administrative expenses    
44.0
      43.0       133.3       137.3    
                               
Operating income (loss)    
44.5
      (421.4 )     (232.8 )     (1,030. 9 )  
                               
Interest expense    
(20.3
)     (18.0 )     (60.4 )     (48. 4 )  
                               
Investment income (loss)
    0.8       (3.7 )     2.8       0.5  
                               
Other income (expense), net
    0.1       (1.4 )     (3.6 )     0.2  
                               
Income (loss) before income taxes
    25.1       (444.5 )     (294.0 )     (1,078.6 )
                   
Income tax expense (benefit)
    5.5       (3.4 )     7.8       33.8  
               
Net income (loss)
  $ 19.6     $ (441.1 )   $ (301.8 )   $ (1,112.4 )
               
  Add: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
    -       0.2       0.1       0.2  
               
Net income (loss) attributable to AAM
  $ 19.6     $ (440.9 )   $ (301.7 )   $ (1,112.2 )
             
Basic earnings (loss) per share
  $ 0.35     $ (8.54 )   $ (5.83 )   $ (21.55 )
               
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
  $ 0.35     $ (8.54 )   $ (5.83 )   $ (21.55 )
               
Dividends declared per share
  $ -     $ 0.02     $ -     $ 0.32  

      See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
2

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
   
September 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
       
Assets
 
(in millions)
 
Current assets
     
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 173.1     $ 198.8  
Short-term investments
    9.1       77.1  
Accounts receivable, net
    151.2       186.9  
2008 AAM-GM Agreement receivable
    -       60.0  
Inventories, net
    88.0       111.4  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    60.6       61.1  
Total current assets
    482.0       695.3  
                 
Property, plant and equipment, net
    950.3       1,064.2  
Goodwill
    147.8       147.8  
GM postretirement cost sharing asset
    240.9       221.2  
Other assets and deferred charges
    132.0       119.2  
Total assets
  $ 1,953.0     $ 2,247.7  
                 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
               
Current liabilities
               
Current portion of long-term debt
  $ 36.3     $ -  
Accounts payable
    189.3       250.9  
Accrued compensation and benefits
    99.1       127.5  
Deferred revenue
    75.7       66.7  
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
    48.5       72.6  
Total current liabilities
    448.9       517.7  
                 
Long-term debt
    1,142.8       1,139.9  
Deferred revenue
    209.3       178.2  
Postretirement benefits and other long-term liabilities
    891.6       847.4  
Total liabilities
    2,692.6       2,683.2  
                 
Stockholders' deficit
               
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share
    0.6       0.6  
Paid-in capital
    467.5       426.7  
Accumulated deficit
    (950.3 )     (648.6 )
Treasury stock at cost, 5.3 million shares as of September 30, 2009
               
   and 5.2 million shares as of December 31, 2008
    (174.3 )     (173.9 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
               
     Defined benefit plans
    (115.4 )     (29.3 )
     Foreign currency translation adjustments
    34.2       0.2  
     Unrecognized loss on derivatives
    (2.7 )     (11.4 )
Total AAM stockholders' deficit
    (740.4 )     (435.7 )
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries
    0.8       0.2  
Total stockholders’ deficit
    (739.6 )     (435.5 )
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit
  $ 1,953.0     $ 2,247.7  
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
3

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 
   
Nine months ended
 
   
September 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
   
(in millions)
 
Operating activities
           
Net loss
  $ (301.8 )   $ (1,112.4 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
               
    Depreciation and amortization
    102.8       165.2  
    Asset impairments and related indirect inventory obsolescence
    151.6       581.1  
    Deferred income taxes
    (2.9 )     22.7  
    Stock-based compensation
    10.9       9.4  
    Pensions and other postretirement benefits, net of contributions
    (65.2 )     25.6  
    Loss (gain) on retirement of equipment
    1.1       (1.1 )
    Changes in operating assets and liabilities
               
        Accounts receivable
    97.4       7.5  
        Deferred revenue, net
    40.1       87.6  
        Inventories
    22.0       18.0  
        Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    (71.4 )     63.0  
        Other assets and liabilities
    (4.3 )     36.1  
Net cash used in operating activities
    (19.7 )     (97.3 )
                 
Investing activities
               
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
    (112.0 )     (102.8 )
Payments of deposits for acquisition of property and equipment
    (3.5 )     -  
Proceeds from sale of equipment
    0.5       2.3  
Investment in joint venture
    (10.2 )     -  
Redemption (reclass) of short-term investments
    68.0       (117.2 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (57.2 )     (217.7 )
                 
Financing activities
               
Net borrowings under revolving credit facilities
    38.5       444.4  
Payments of debt and capital lease obligations
    (10.3 )     (10.4 )
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
    4.6       8.9  
Debt issuance costs     (18.2     -  
Proceeds from issuance of warrants to GM
    30.3       -  
Repurchase of treasury stock
    (0.3 )     (0.1 )
Employee stock option exercises
    1.0       0.7  
Tax benefit on stock option exercises
    -       0.2  
Dividends paid
    -       (17.3 )
Net cash provided by financing activities
    45.6       426.4  
                 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    5.6       (0.8 )
                 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (25.7 )     110.6  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    198.8       343.6  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 173.1     $ 454.2  
                 
Supplemental cash flow information
               
     Interest paid
  $ 67.0     $ 56.9  
     Income taxes paid, net of refunds
  $ 3.0     $ 3.1  
See     
     See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
              
 
4


AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

1.     ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Organization   American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. (Holdings) and its subsidiaries (collectively, we, our, us or AAM) is a Tier I supplier to the automotive industry.  We manufacture, engineer, design and validate driveline and drivetrain systems and related components and chassis modules for light trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), passenger cars, crossover vehicles and commercial vehicles.  Driveline and drivetrain systems include components that transfer power from the transmission and deliver it to the drive wheels.  Our driveline, drivetrain and related products include axles, chassis modules, driveshafts, power transfer units, transfer cases, chassis and steering components, driving heads, crankshafts, transmission parts and metal-formed products.  In addition to locations in the United States (U.S.) (Michigan, New York, Ohio and Indiana), we have offices or facilities in Brazil, China, England, Germany, India, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, Poland, Scotland, South Korea and Thailand.

Basis of Presentation   We have prepared the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited but include all normal recurring adjustments, which we consider necessary for a fair presentation of the information set forth herein.  Results of operations for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full fiscal year.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2008 presented herein has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for complete consolidated financial statements.
 
In order to prepare the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in our interim condensed consolidated financial statements.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.

        Effect of New Accounting Standards   On January 1, 2009, we adopted new accounting guidance on determining whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities.  This new guidance concludes that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are participating securities and shall be included in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method.  The new guidance was effective for us retrospectively on January 1, 2009.  In accordance with the accounting guidance for accounting changes and error corrections, the change in accounting principle has been retrospectively applied to all prior periods presented herein.

        We have presented the effects of the adoption of this new accounting guidance for the inclusion of unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents in the computation of EPS for the three months ended September 30, 2009 below.  Adoption of this staff position did not increase basic and diluted shares outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 2008 or the nine months ended  September 30, 2008 and 2009 as we were in a loss position and the effect would have been antidilutive because the participating securities are not obligated to fund losses.

Earnings (loss) per share (EPS)
 
As calculated prior to new accounting guidance
   
Adjustments
   
As reported
 
for the three months ended September 30, 2009
 
(in millions, except per share data)
 
Numerator
                 
Net income attributable to AAM
  $ 19.6     $ -     $ 19.6  
Denominators
                       
Basic shares outstanding
    51.9       3.5       55.4  
Diluted shares outstanding
    53.6       2.2       55.8  
Basic EPS
  $ 0.38     $ (0.03 )   $ 0.35  
Diluted EPS
  $ 0.36     $ (0.01 )   $ 0.35  
                         

5


AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
         In December 2007, the FASB issued new accounting guidance on noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements.  This new guidance establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary.  We adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2009 and have retrospectively revised the financial statement presentation of our noncontrolling interests accordingly.

        In February 2008, the FASB issued new accounting guidance which defers the effective date of a previously issued accounting standard for the fair value measurement of nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in an entity’s financial statements on a recurring basis.  We adopted the new accounting guidance on January 1, 2009 and it did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

In May 2008, the FASB issued new accounting guidance for the treatment of convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion (including partial cash settlement), which requires issuers of convertible debt securities within its scope to separate these securities into a debt component and an equity component, resulting in the debt component being recorded at fair value without consideration given to the conversion feature. This new guidance was effective for us on January 1, 2009 and the impact was not material.
 
In December 2008, the FASB issued new accounting guidance for employers’ disclosures about postretirement benefit plan assets.  This new guidance requires annual disclosure about the assets held in postretirement benefit plans, including a breakdown by the level of the assets and a reconciliation of any change in Level 3 assets during the year.  It requires disclosures about investment policies and strategies, asset categories, inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of plan assets, and significant concentrations of risk within plan assets.  This new guidance is effective for periods ending after December 15, 2009 and we will revise our disclosures accordingly.
 
In April 2009, the FASB issued new accounting guidance which expands the frequency of fair value disclosures for publicly traded entities about the fair value of certain financial instruments not recognized at fair value in the statement of financial position to include interim reporting periods.  We adopted this new guidance in the second quarter of 2009 and we have included the expanded disclosures accordingly.

        In May 2009, the FASB issued new accounting guidance on subsequent events.  The new guidance requires the disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for that date, that is, whether that date represents the date the financial statements were issued or were available to be issued.  We adopted this new guidance in the second quarter of 2009 and we have included the required disclosure accordingly.

        In July 2009, the FASB issued new accounting guidance which establishes the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) as the official source of GAAP, and its use is effective for periods ending after September 15, 2009.  We adopted this new guidance in the third quarter of 2009.

2.  
2009 SETTLEMENT AND COMMERCIAL AGREEMENT

        In the third quarter of 2009, we negotiated with GM and our senior lenders to revise key commercial agreements and financing arrangements in order to address short-term liquidity issues, including debt covenant violations.  On September 16, 2009, AAM and GM entered into a settlement and commercial agreement (2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement) and we amended and restated our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan agreements.  We believe these actions have resolved our short-term liquidity issues.  See Note 3 – Debt Amendments for more detail on our amended and restated loan agreements.

        As part of the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement, we received $110.0 million from GM in consideration for cure costs associated with contracts assumed and/or terminated by Motors Liquidation Company in its chapter 11 bankruptcy cases; resolution of outstanding commercial obligations between AAM and GM (including, but not limited to, AAM retaining the  programs currently sourced to AAM, AAM amending its standard terms and conditions to be more consistent with GM’s standard terms and conditions with other Tier 1 suppliers, GM’s right to resource one previously awarded program, and GM’s acceptance of its obligation to AAM under the GM postretirement cost sharing agreement); and adjustment of installed capacity levels reserved for existing and awarded programs to reflect new estimates of market demand as agreed between the parties.

        We also agreed to expedited payment terms of “net 10 days” through June 30, 2011, in exchange for a 1.0% early payment discount to GM.  After June 30, 2011, we will have the right to elect to continue to receive expedited payment terms through December 31, 2013.
     
6

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
        
         Under the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement, GM also agreed to make available to AAM a Second Lien Term Loan Facility of up to $100.0 million. Borrowings under this facility, if any, will bear interest at LIBOR (with a 2% floor) plus 12%.  The Second Lien Term Loan Facility is not prepayable until June 30, 2011, unless the source of such prepayment is cash generated in AAM’s ordinary course business operations and is subject to an intercreditor agreement with existing senior lenders and cannot be terminated prior to June 30, 2011. Until then, if we require additional liquidity that cannot be satisfied by utilizing a combination of the expedited payment terms, proceeds from sales of common equity, proceeds from the issuance of equity-linked securities, cash generated from ordinary course business operations, availability under existing credit facilities (including certain permitted indebtedness), or a permitted refinancing (as set forth in the Second Lien Term Loan Facility), we will be required to borrow under the Second Lien Term Loan Facility.  As of September 30, 2009, there were no borrowings under this facility.
     
        Also, as part of the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement, we granted GM with a contingent right of access to certain of our facilities as collateral under the agreement.  In addition, we granted GM a security interest in certain operating assets, certain real estate and intellectual property used in production of GM component parts.  Upon the occurrence of certain specified events, which generally involve a material and imminent breach of our supply obligations at a particular facility, GM may elect to access and use the operating assets and real estate used to manufacture, process and ship GM component parts produced at specified AAM facilities for a period of up to 360 days after invoking its right of access.   GM would also have the right to resource component part production to alternative suppliers. The right of access would continue for ninety days following the later of repayment and termination of the Second Lien Term Loan Facility and termination of the expedited payment terms.  If we do not achieve compliance with the Secured Debt Leverage Ratio under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility as of March 31, 2011 (without regard to a waiver, amendment, forbearance or modification of such covenant granted by the Amended Revolving Credit Facility lenders), the right of access will be extended through March 31, 2012.  
 
        We also issued to GM five year warrants, which entitle GM to purchase 4.1 million shares of AAM’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.76 per share.  If we borrow against the Second Lien Term Loan Facility, we will issue GM additional warrants to purchase a pro rata portion of up to an additional 12.5% of AAM’s outstanding common stock at an exercise price of $2.76 per share based upon the amount drawn under the Facility.  These warrants will expire on September 16, 2014.

We estimated the fair value of the initial warrants issued to GM on September 16, 2009 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

   
2009
 
Stock price
  $ 8.13  
Expected volatility
    120.12 %
Risk-free interest rate
    3.47 %
Expected life of options
 
5 years
 
Dividend yield   0.00 %
Weighted-average grant-date fair value
  $ 7.40  

        We are also subject to certain limitations on executive compensation and “golden parachute” agreements until ninety days following the later of repayment and termination of the Second Lien Term Loan Facility and termination of the expedited payment terms.  Other terms and conditions of the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement modified the supply relationship between AAM and GM to be more consistent with GM’s relationship with other suppliers.  These terms and conditions include commercial revisions to the metal market program, cost transparency requirements, warranty cost sharing, cost reduction programs, productivity commitments and payment terms.

        In the third quarter of 2009, we recorded $79.7 million of deferred revenue related to the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement.  This includes the $110.0 million of cash received pursuant to the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement net of $30.3 million, which represents the fair value of the initial warrants issued to GM.  As of September 30, 2009, our deferred revenue related to the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement is $79.4 million, $8.0 million of which is classified as current and $71.4 million of which is recorded as noncurrent on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.  We will recognize this deferred revenue into revenue on a straight-line basis over 120 months, which is the period that we expect GM will benefit under the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement.  We recorded revenue of $0.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, related to this agreement.
 
7

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
3.  
 DEBT AMENDMENTS

On September 16, 2009, we entered into a Revolving Credit Amendment and Restatement Agreement under which the Credit Agreement dated as of January 9, 2004 was amended and restated (Amended Revolving Credit Facility).  Under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility, we will be required to comply with revised financial covenants related to secured indebtedness leverage and cash interest expense coverage.  We will also be required to maintain an average daily minimum liquidity of $85 million until June 30, 2010. The Amended Revolving Credit Facility limits our ability to make certain investments, declare or pay dividends or distributions on capital stock, redeem or repurchase capital stock and certain debt obligations, incur liens, incur indebtedness, or merge, make acquisitions and sell assets. Borrowings under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility will continue to bear interest at rates based on adjusted LIBOR or an alternate base rate, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for a LIBOR based loan for lenders with commitments under the class A loan facility, which expires December 2011, is currently 6% and the applicable margin for lenders with commitments under the class B loan facility, which expires April 2010, is currently 2.5%. Borrowings under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility will be subject to a collateral coverage test after June 30, 2010.

On September 16, 2009, we entered into a Term Loan Amendment and Restatement Agreement under which the Credit Agreement dated as of June 14, 2007 was amended and restated (Amended Term Loan).  The Amended Term Loan agreement, among other things, replicates substantially all of the covenants and events of default in the Amended Revolving Credit Facility as described above.  Loans under the Amended Term Loan will bear interest at rates based on adjusted LIBOR (with a 3% floor) plus 7%.  The Amended Term Loan matures on June 14, 2012 and is prepayable at any time.

As of September 30, 2009, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants.

4.  
INDUSTRY RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

In 2008, and continuing in 2009, the domestic automotive industry experienced a severe downturn.  The collapse of the U.S. housing market, the global financial crisis, a lack of available consumer credit and financing options, rising unemployment, exceptionally low consumer confidence and wildly fluctuating fuel and commodity prices, among other factors, resulted in a sudden and major drop in industry production and sales volumes.  These difficult market conditions exacerbated the financial pressure on the entire domestic automotive industry, and especially the domestic OEMs.

In the first nine months of 2009, our two largest customers, GM and Chrysler, filed for bankruptcy protection in the U.S. Southern District of New York.  Post-bankruptcy GM and Chrysler were both purchased out of bankruptcy in the first nine months of 2009.  Our sales to GM and Chrysler were approximately 85% of our total net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2009.  We have collected substantially all of our pre-bankruptcy receivables from GM and Chrysler and we do not anticipate collection issues with any subsequent receivable balances.  See Note 2 – 2009 Commercial and Settlement Agreement for more detail on GM’s acceptance of certain contracts and definitive contract terms.  Chrysler has assumed our pre-bankruptcy contracts.

In the second quarter of 2009, GM began an extended summer production shutdown for many of the facilities we support.  Chrysler also temporarily idled their manufacturing operations for a significant portion of the second quarter through its exit from bankruptcy.  The extended production shutdowns at GM and Chrysler significantly reduced production volumes, revenues and gross profit in the second and third quarters of 2009.

As previously described in Note 2 – 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement and Note 3 – Debt Amendments, we took actions in the third quarter of 2009 that we believe have resolved our short-term liquidity issues.  However, risks and uncertainties continue to exist regarding general economic conditions, the health of the global and domestic automotive industry and the viability of our major customers.  We have made adjustments to our business plan, global manufacturing footprint, and our cost structure and operating breakeven level to adapt to lower industry production volumes.  We also continue to focus on improving our liquidity position and diversifying our customer base and revenue concentrations.  We will continue to monitor these risks and uncertainties and will react appropriately. 

8

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
5.  
RESTRUCTURING ACTIONS

In the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we incurred restructuring charges related to one-time termination benefits, asset impairments, indirect inventory obsolescence, contract related costs and other ongoing restructuring actions.

A summary of the restructuring related activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 is shown below (in millions):

   
One-time
         
Indirect
   
Asset
   
Contract
   
Other
       
   
Termination
   
Asset
   
Inventory
   
Retirement
   
Related
   
Restructuring
       
   
Benefits
   
Impairments
   
Obsolescence
   
Obligations
   
Costs
   
Actions
   
Total
 
Accrual as of December 31, 2008
  $ 42.1     $ -     $ -     $ 0.4     $ 5.3     $ -     $ 47.8  
Charges
    8.9       147.8       3.9       1.0       21.1       10.0       192.7  
Cash utilization
    (40.6 )     -       -       (0.1 )     (3.3 )     (10.0 )     (54.0 )
Non-cash utilization
    -       (147.8 )     (3.9 )     -       -       -       (151.7 )
Accrual adjustments
    1.1       -       -       -       -       -       1.1  
Accrual as of September 30, 2009
  $ 11.5     $ -     $ -     $ 1.3     $ 23.1     $ -     $ 35.9  

One-time Termination Benefits   In 2009, we have reduced our worldwide salaried workforce by approximately 600 positions.  We recorded expense of $8.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2009 in connection with the estimated postemployment benefits provided to certain associates in the U.S. and various statutory requirements for our foreign locations.

Asset Impairments   In the second quarter of 2009, we identified the following impairment indicators:

·  
new capacity rationalization actions taken by GM and Chrysler as a result of their bankruptcy filings and subsequent reorganization plans, including extended production shutdowns, for many of the programs we currently support; and
·  
changes in our operating plans, including the idling and consolidation of a significant portion of our Detroit Manufacturing Complex, made necessary by extended production shutdowns and other program delays and sourcing decisions taken by our customers in the second quarter of 2009.

 We recorded asset impairment charges of $147.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2009, associated with the permanent idling of certain assets and the writedown of the carrying value of certain assets that were “held for use” to their estimated fair value.

 Indirect Inventory Obsolescence   As a result of the reduction in the projected usage of machinery and equipment due to the impairment indicators discussed above, certain indirect inventory was determined to be obsolete.  We recorded a charge of $3.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2009, related to the write down of the net book value of these assets to their estimated net realizable value.

 Contract Related Costs   Contract related costs recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2009 of $21.1 million related to the estimated fair value of obligations for leased assets that were permanently idled in the first nine months of 2009.  

 Other In the nine months ended September 30, 2009, we incurred $10.0 million of charges related to the redeployment of assets to support capacity utilization initiatives and other related activities.

 We expect to make payments of approximately $6 million in the fourth quarter of 2009, $15 million in 2010, $10 million in 2011 and $5 million in 2012 related to the restructuring accrual of $35.9 million as of September 30, 2009.

6.  
 BUYDOWN PROGRAM

 In the third quarter of 2008, we recorded expense of $51.9 million for the estimated amount of total Buydown Program (BDP) payments related to permanently idled UAW-represented associates throughout the term of the 2008 labor agreements at our original U.S. locations.  This represented management’s best estimate of the portion of the total BDP payments that would not result in a future benefit to AAM.

 Due to new capacity rationalization actions taken by GM and Chrysler as a result of their bankruptcy filings and subsequent reorganization plans and changes in our operating plans in the second quarter of 2009, we increased the estimated number of UAW-represented associates at our original U.S. locations that we expect to be permanently idled throughout the term of the 2008 labor agreements or to voluntarily elect to accelerate their remaining buydown payments and terminate employment.  As a result of this change in estimate, we recorded expense of $22.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2009, which represents the estimated additional BDP payments that will not result in a future benefit to AAM.
 
9

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
7.  
INVENTORIES

 We state our inventories at the lower of cost or market.  The cost of worldwide inventories is determined using the FIFO method.  When we determine that our gross inventories exceed usage requirements, or if inventories become obsolete or otherwise not saleable, we record a provision for such loss as a component of our inventory accounts.

 Inventories consist of the following:
   
September 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
   
(in millions)
 
             
Raw materials and work-in-progress
  $ 100.8     $ 116.9  
Finished goods
    20.4       22.8  
Gross inventories
    121.2       139.7  
Other inventory valuation reserves
    (33.2 )     (28.3 )
Inventories, net
  $ 88.0     $ 111.4  

8.
DEBT

 Debt consists of the following:
   
September 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
   
(in millions)
 
             
Amended Revolving Credit Facility
  $ 342.5     $ 295.0  
7.875% Notes
    300.0       300.0  
5.25% Notes, net of discount
    249.8       249.8  
2.00% Convertible Notes
    0.4       0.4  
Amended Term Loan
    250.0       250.0  
Foreign credit facilities
    28.9       36.9  
Capital lease obligations
    7.5       7.8  
Total debt
    1,179.1       1,139.9  
     Less:  Current portion of long-term debt
    (36.3     -  
Long-term debt
  $ 1,142.8     $ 1,139.9  

 The Amended Revolving Credit Facility provides up to $476.9 million of revolving bank financing commitments through April 2010 and $369.4 million of such revolving bank financing commitments through December 2011.  The Amended Revolving Credit Facility bears interest at rates based on LIBOR or an alternate base rate, plus an applicable margin.  At September 30, 2009, we had $87.9 million available under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility.  This availability reflects a reduction of $46.5 million for standby letters of credit issued against the facility.

 On September 16, 2009, we entered into a credit agreement with GM, as lender, pursuant to which GM has agreed to provide us with a $100.0 million Second Lien Term Loan Facility.  See Note 2 – 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement, for more detail on the Second Lien Term Loan Facility.

 The Amended Revolving Credit Facility provides back-up liquidity for our other credit facilities.  We intend to use the availability of long-term financing under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility to refinance any current maturities related to such debt agreements that are not otherwise refinanced on a long-term basis in their respective markets.  Accordingly, we classified $87.9 million of current maturities as long-term debt.

10

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
 We utilize local currency credit facilities to finance the operations of certain foreign subsidiaries.  At September 30, 2009, $28.9 million was outstanding under these facilities and an additional $9.2 million was available.

 The weighted-average interest rate of our debt outstanding at September 30, 2009 was 8.7% and 7.0% as of December 31, 2008.

9.      INVESTMENT IN JOINT VENTURE
 
 In the first quarter of 2009, we formed a joint venture with Hefei Automobile Axle Co, Ltd., a subsidiary of Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Co, Ltd. (JV).   Each party owns 50 percent of the JV, and we will account for the JV using the equity method.  We recorded the initial investment in the JV of $10.2 million at cost, and adjusted the carrying amount of the investment to recognize our proportionate share of the earnings of the JV.  Our investment is classified as other assets and deferred charges on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
 
10.    FAIR VALUE

 The fair value accounting guidance defines fair value as “the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.”  The definition is based on an exit price rather than an entry price, regardless of whether the entity plans to hold or sell the asset.  This guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy to prioritize inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

·  
Level 1:  Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
·  
Level 2:  Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
·  
Level 3:  Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

 Financial instruments   The estimated fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that are recognized at fair value on a recurring basis, using available market information and other observable data, as of September 30, 2009, are as follows (in millions):

Balance Sheet Classification
 
Carrying Value
   
Fair Value
 
Input
Cash equivalents
  $ 44.9     $ 44.9  
Level 2
Short-term investments
    9.1       9.1  
Level 2
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
                 
    Currency forward contracts
    1.6       1.6  
Level 2
 
         The carrying values of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximates their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.  The carrying value of our borrowings under the foreign credit facilities approximates their fair value due to the frequent resetting of the interest rates.  We estimated the fair value of the amounts outstanding on our debt as of September 30, 2009, using available market information and other observable data, to be as follows (in millions):
 
       Carrying Value    
Fair Value
 
Input
Amended Revolving Credit Facility
   $    342.5     $ 301.4  
Level 2
Amended Term Loan
     250.0       230.0  
Level 2
7.875% Notes
     300.0       208.5  
Level 2
5.25% Notes
     249.8       173.6  
Level 2

  Long-lived assets   In the second quarter of 2009, as part of our impairment analysis, we were required to measure the fair value of certain long-lived assets.  In this analysis we utilized the income approach, which determines fair value through a discounted cash flow analysis based on the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing these assets.  Significant inputs used by management when determining the fair value of long-lived assets for impairment include general economic conditions, future expected production volumes, product pricing and cost estimates, working capital and capital investment requirements, discount rates and estimated liquidation values.

11

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
The following table summarizes impairments of long-lived assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis subsequent to initial recognition (in millions):

 
 
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
Fair Value Measurements using Level 3 Inputs
   
Asset Impairment Recorded in the Second Quarter of 2009
 
Property, plant and equipment, net
  $ 34.1     $ 72.6  
Other assets and deferred charges
    1.5       3.3  

We were also required to measure the fair value of obligations for leased assets that were permanently idled in the second quarter of 2009.  Using level 3 inputs, we determined the fair value of these obligations by calculating the present value of future lease payments, adjusted for the effects of any prepaid or deferred items recognized under the lease, using a credit adjusted risk-free rate.  We recorded $5.9 million of these obligations as accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $15.2 million of these obligations as postretirement benefits and other long-term liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2009.

11.   DERIVATIVES

In March 2008, the FASB issued new accounting guidance that requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements.  We adopted this new guidance prospectively on January 1, 2009.

Our business and financial results are affected by fluctuations in world financial markets, including interest rates and currency exchange rates.  Our hedging policy has been developed to manage these risks to an acceptable level based on management’s judgment of the appropriate trade-off between risk, opportunity and cost.  We do not hold financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Currency forward contracts   From time to time, we use foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the effects of fluctuations in exchange rates, primarily relating to the Mexican Peso.  As of September 30, 2009, we have forward contracts outstanding with a notional amount of $9.1 million that hedge our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates for our payroll expenses.

Interest rate hedges   We are exposed to variable interest rates on certain credit facilities.  From time to time, we use interest rate hedging to reduce the effects of fluctuations in market interest rates.  As of September 30, 2009, no interest rate hedges were in place.  In 2008, we terminated our interest rate hedge with a notional amount of $200.0 million that converted variable rate financing based on 3-month LIBOR into fixed interest rates.  We continue to reclassify losses from this interest rate hedge into earnings.

The following table summarizes the reclassification of net derivative losses into net income (loss) from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

 
Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified into Net Income (Loss)
 
Loss Reclassified During the Three Months Ended September 30, 2009
   
Loss Reclassified During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009
   
Loss Expected to be Reclassified During the Next 12 Months
 
     
(in millions)
 
Currency forward contracts
Cost of Goods Sold
  $ 1.6     $ 6.2     $ 1.3  
Interest rate hedges
Interest Expense
    0.7       2.1       1.4  

 
12

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
12. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) consist of the following:

   
Pension Benefits
 
   
Three months ended
   
Nine months ended
 
   
September 30,
   
September 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
   
(in millions)
 
                         
Service cost
  $ 1.1     $ 2.8     $ 3.8     $ 10.9  
Interest cost
    8.8       9.5       26.6       28.4  
Expected asset return
    (7.3 )     (9.7 )     (22.7 )     (30.1 )
Amortized loss
    0.2       0.1       0.8       0.6  
Amortized prior service cost
    -       -       -       0.8  
Curtailment
    0.6       (5.0 )     (1.2 )     1.0  
Special and contractual termination benefits
    -       26.3       2.5       53.4  
Net periodic benefit cost
  $ 3.4     $ 24.0     $ 9.8     $ 65.0  

   
Other Postretirement Benefits
 
   
Three months ended
   
Nine months ended
 
   
September 30,
   
September 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
   
(in millions)
 
                         
Service cost
  $ 0.5     $ 0.9     $ 1.9     $ 8.9  
Interest cost
    4.5       4.6       13.7       18.4  
Amortized gain
    (0.5 )             (1.7 )        
Amortized prior service credit
    (1.3 )     (2.8 )     (4.6 )     (5.2 )
Settlement
    -       -       -       (9.4 )
Curtailment
    (42.9 )     (34.9 )     (63.4 )     (51.0 )
Special and contractual termination benefits
    -       1.1       (0.7 )     10.9  
Net periodic benefit credit
  $ (39.7 )   $ (31.1 )   $ (54.8 )   $ (27.4 )
 
  We recorded a net gain of $42.3 million and $64.6 million for the curtailment of certain pension and other postretirement benefits in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, respectively.  These curtailments relate to UAW-represented associates who participated in attrition programs in 2008 but did not terminate employment with AAM until 2009, UAW-represented associates who terminated employment in 2009 by electing to accelerate their remaining buydown payments and a reduction in our salaried workforce.  These curtailment gains also resulted in a decrease of the postretirement and other long-term liabilities by $19.6 million and an increase in our accumulated other comprehensive loss of $45.0 million.
 
  We completed remeasurements of the assets and liabilities of certain of our pension and OPEB plans in conjunction with the curtailments.  These remeasurements resulted in an increase in postretirement and other long-term liabilities of $63.4 million, an increase in the GM postretirement cost sharing asset of $27.4 million and an increase in our accumulated other comprehensive loss of $36.0 million on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.  These net adjustments relate to changes in actuarial assumptions since the January 1, 2009 valuation of the assets and liabilities of our pension and OPEB plans.
 
          In addition, we increased postretirement benefits and other long-term liabilities and recorded expense of $1.8 million for special and contractual termination benefits in the nine months ended September 30, 2009.  This charge primarily relates to the voluntary salaried retirement incentive plan benefits to be paid under our pension plans, net of an adjustment resulting from the closing agreement we signed with the International Association of Machinists in the second quarter of 2009.  
 
  Our regulatory pension funding requirements in 2009 is approximately $15 million.  We expect our net cash outlay for other postretirement benefit obligations in 2009 to be approximately $15 million.

13

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
13.    PRODUCT WARRANTIES

  We record a liability for estimated warranty obligations at the dates our product are sold.  These estimates are established using sales volumes and internal and external warranty data where there is no payment history and historical information about the average cost of warranty claims for customers with prior claims.  We adjust the liability as necessary.  The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in the product warranty liability as of September 30, 2009 (in millions):

Balance as of January 1, 2009
 
$
                        2.6
 
    Accruals
 
0.2
 
    Settlements
 
(0.3)
 
    Adjustment to prior period accruals
 
(0.4)
 
Currency translation adjustments
 
                           0.1
 
Balance as of September 30, 2009
 
$
            2.2
 

14.    INCOME TAXES

  We are required to adjust our effective tax rate each quarter to consistently estimate our annual effective tax rate.  We must also record the tax impact of certain discrete items, unusual or infrequently occurring, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, in the interim period in which they occur.  In addition, jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year or a year-to-date loss where no tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate.  The impact of such an exclusion could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings versus annual projections.

  Income tax expense was $5.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2009 and $7.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2009 as compared to a benefit of $3.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2008 and an expense of $33.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2008.  Our effective income tax rate was 22.0% in the three months ended September 30, 2009 and negative 2.7% in the nine months ended September 30, 2009 as compared to 0.8% in the three months ended September 30, 2008 and negative 3.1% in the nine months ended September 30, 2008.  Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 reflects the effect of recording a valuation allowance against income tax benefits on U.S. losses and increasing our contingent tax liabilities as a result of our quarterly analysis of uncertain tax positions.  The income tax expense and effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 includes the unfavorable tax adjustment related to the establishment of the full valuation allowance of $54.4 million against the net U.S. deferred tax assets.
 
          A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in millions):

Balance at January 1, 2009
  $ 45.8  
      Increase in prior year tax positions
    1.9  
      Decrease in prior year tax positions
    (0.1 )
      Increase in current year tax positions
    4.8  
Balance at September 30, 2009
  $ 52.4  

15.    STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

  We recorded $0.2 million and $1.7 million of expense for the accelerated vesting of restricted stock, restricted stock units and stock options as a result of our salaried workforce reductions in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, respectively.

  On January 6, 2009, we granted approximately 1.3 million shares of restricted stock with a grant-date fair value of $2.81.  The unearned compensation will be expensed over the vesting period of three years.  We also granted approximately 0.2 million stock options under our 1999 Stock Incentive Plan.  These options will be expensed over the vesting period, which is three years.

  We estimated the fair value of our employee stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

   
2009
   
2008
 
Expected volatility
    64.32 %     46.10 %
Risk-free interest rate
    2.07 %     3.78 %
Dividend yield
    2.85 %     6.20 %
Expected life of options
 
8 years
   
8 years
 
Weighted-average grant-date fair value
  $ 1.40     $ 2.67  

14

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
16.   COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

 Comprehensive loss consists of the following:

   
Three months ended
   
Nine months ended
 
   
September 30,
   
September 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
   
(in millions)
 
                         
Net income (loss)
  $ 19.6     $ (441.1 )   $ (301.8 )   $ (1,112.4 )
Defined benefit plans, net of tax
    (70.7 )     6.2       (86.1 )     87.3  
Foreign currency translation adjustments,  net of tax
    11.8       (20.3 )     34.3       (6.8 )
Change in derivatives, net of tax
    1.9       (0.8 )     8.7       0.6  
Comprehensive loss
  $ (37.4 )   $ (456.0 )   $ (344.9 )   $ (1,031.3 )
      Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
    -       0.2       0.1       0.2  
      Foreign currency translation adjustments related to noncontrolling interests     -       -       (0.3     -  
Comprehensive loss attributable to AAM
  $ (37.4 )   $ (455.8 )   $ (345.1 )   $ (1,031.1 )
 
17.   EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE (EPS)

The following table sets forth the computation of our basic and diluted EPS:
 
   
Three months ended
   
Nine months ended
 
   
September 30,
   
September 30,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2009
   
2008
 
   
(in millions, except per share data)
 
Numerator
                       
Net income (loss) attributable to AAM
  $ 19.6     $ (440.9 )   $ (301.7 )   $ (1,112.2 )
                                 
Denominator
                               
Basic shares outstanding -
                               
  Weighted-average shares outstanding
    55.4       51.6       51.8       51.6  
                                 
Effect of dilutive securities
                               
  Dilutive stock-based compensation
    -       -       -       -  
  Dilutive warrants
    0.4       -       -       -  
                                 
Diluted shares outstanding -
                               
  Adjusted weighted-average shares after assumed conversions
    55.8       51.6       51.8       51.6  
                                 
Basic EPS
  $ 0.35     $ (8.54 )   $ (5.83 )   $ (21.55 )
                                 
Diluted EPS
  $ 0.35     $ (8.54 )   $ (5.83 )   $ (21.55 )

 Basic and diluted loss per share are the same for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 because the effect of 0.1 million potentially dilutive warrants would have been antidilutive.  Basic and diluted loss per share are the same for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 because the effect of 0.5 million and 1.2 million potentially dilutive stock-based compensation shares would have been antidilutive.  

 In January 2009, we adopted new accounting guidance which notes that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are participating securities and shall be included in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method.  Adoption of this new guidance increased basic and diluted shares outstanding by 3.5 million shares and 2.2 million shares, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2009.  However, basic and diluted shares outstanding did not increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 as we were in a loss position and the participating securities do not participate in losses.
 
 Certain exercisable stock options were excluded in the computations of diluted EPS because the exercise price of these options was greater than the average period market prices.  The number of stock options outstanding, which were not included in the calculation of diluted EPS, was 5.8 million at September 30, 2009 and 5.2 million at September 30, 2008.  The ranges of exercise prices related to the excluded exercisable stock options were $2.81 - $40.83 at September 30, 2009 and $15.00 - $40.83 at September 30, 2008.
 
18.   SUBSEQUENT EVENT

         On October 30, 2009, we entered into an Amended and Restated Rights Agreement between AAM and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as rights agent (the Rights Agreement), in order to preserve the long-term value and availability of our net operating loss carryforwards and related tax benefits.
        
         The Rights Agreement, as amended, reduces the beneficial ownership threshold at which a person or group becomes an “Acquiring Person” under the Rights Agreement from 15% of our then-outstanding shares of common stock to 4.99% of our then-outstanding shares of common stock.  The Rights Agreement also, among other things, expands the scope of the definition of “Acquiring Person” to include persons or groups that would be considered “5-percent shareholders” under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the related treasury regulations promulgated thereunder.  Additionally, the Rights Agreement exempts stockholders who currently beneficially own 5% or more of our outstanding shares of common stock so long as their ownership continuously equals or exceeds 5% and provided that they do not acquire an additional 0.5% or more of our outstanding shares of common stock.
 
         The Rights Agreement will automatically expire on September 15, 2013.  In addition, beginning in 2011, our board of directors will review the Rights Agreement annually in the first fiscal quarter to determine whether any of its provisions are, or the Rights Agreement itself is, no longer in the best interests of AAM, its stockholders and any other relevant constituencies.
 
         We have evaluated and disclosed subsequent events through October 30, 2009, our filing date, as necessary.
 
15

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
19.   SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Holdings has no significant assets other than its 100% ownership in AAM, Inc. and no direct subsidiaries other than AAM, Inc.  Holdings fully and unconditionally guarantees the 5.25% Notes and 7.875% Notes, which are senior unsecured obligations of AAM, Inc.  The 2.00% Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations of Holdings and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by AAM, Inc.

The following Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements are included in lieu of providing separate financial statements for Holdings and AAM, Inc. These Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements are prepared under the equity method of accounting whereby the investments in subsidiaries are recorded at cost and adjusted for the parent’s share of the subsidiaries’ cumulative results of operations, capital contributions and distributions, and other equity changes .

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations
                         
Three months ended, September 30,
(in millions)
                             
   
Holdings
   
AAM Inc.
   
All Others
   
Elims
   
Consolidated
 
2009
                             
Net sales
                             
    External
  $ -     $ 116.3     $ 293.3     $ -     $ 409.6  
    Intercompany
    -       5.6       29.7       (35.3 )     -  
Total net sales
    -       121.9       323.0       (35.3 )     409.6  
Cost of goods sold
    -       85.4       271.0       (35.3 )     321.1  
Gross profit
    -       36.5       52.0       -       88.5  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    -       41.2       2.8       -       44.0  
Operating income (loss)
    -       (4.7 )     49.2       -       44.5  
Non-operating income (expense), net
    -       (21.0 )     1.6       -       (19.4 )
Income (loss) before income taxes
    -       (25.7 )     50.8       -       25.1  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    -       (0.3 )     5.8       -       5.5  
Earnings from equity in subsidiaries
    19.6       31.4       -       (51.0 )     -  
Net income before royalties and dividends
    19.6       6.0       45.0       (51.0 )     19.6  
Royalties and dividends
    -       13.6       (13.6 )     -       -  
Net income after royalties and dividends
    19.6       19.6       31.4       (51.0 )     19.6  
    Add: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
    -       -       -       -       -  
Net income attributable to AAM
  $ 19.6     $ 19.6     $ 31.4     $ (51.0 )   $ 19.6  
 
2008
                                       
Net sales
                                       
    External
  $ -     $ 278.7     $ 249.4     $ -     $ 528.1  
    Intercompany
    -       9.8       16.8       (26.6 )     -  
Total net sales
    -       288.5       266.2       (26.6 )     528.1  
Cost of goods sold
    -       612.2       320.9       (26.6 )     906.5  
Gross loss
    -       (323.7 )     (54.7 )     -       (378.4 )
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    -       41.6       1.4       -       43.0  
Operating loss
    -       (365.3 )     (56.1 )     -       (421.4 )
Non-operating expense, net
    -       (17.7 )     (5.4 )     -       (23.1 )
Loss before income taxes
    -       (383.0 )     (61.5 )     -       (444.5 )
Income tax expense (benefit)
    -       (4.3 )     0.9       -       (3.4 )
Loss from equity in subsidiaries
    (440.9 )     (71.9 )     -       512.8       -  
Net loss before royalties and dividends
    (440.9 )     (450.6 )     (62.4 )     512.8       (441.1 )
Royalties and dividends
    -       9.7       (9.7 )     -       -  
Net loss after royalties and dividends
    (440.9 )     (440.9 )     (72.1 )     512.8       (441.1 )
    Add: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
    -       -       0.2       -       0.2  
Net loss attributable to AAM
  $ (440.9 )   $ (440.9 )   $ (71.9 )   $ 512.8     $ (440.9 )
 
16

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations
                         
Nine months ended, September 30,
(in millions)
                             
   
Holdings
   
AAM Inc.
   
All Others
   
Elims
   
Consolidated
 
2009
                             
Net sales
                             
    External
  $ -     $ 409.5     $ 648.1     $ -     $ 1,057.6  
    Intercompany
    -       18.5       73.0       (91.5 )     -  
Total net sales
    -       428.0       721.1       (91.5 )     1,057.6  
Cost of goods sold
    -       543.1       705.5       (91.5 )     1,157.1  
Gross profit (loss)
    -       (115.1 )     15.6       -       (99.5 )
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    -       125.8       7.5       -       133.3  
Operating income (loss)
    -       (240.9 )     8.1       -       (232.8 )
Non-operating income (expense), net
    -       (61.8 )     0.6       -       (61.2 )
Income (loss) before income taxes
    -       (302.7 )     8.7       -       (294.0 )
Income tax expense
    -       1.3       6.5       -       7.8  
Loss from equity in subsidiaries
    (301.7 )     (26.0 )     -       327.7       -  
Net income (loss) before royalties and dividends
    (301.7 )     (330.0 )     2.2       327.7       (301.8 )
Royalties and dividends
    -       28.3       (28.3 )     -       -  
Net loss after royalties and dividends
    (301.7 )     (301.7 )     (26.1 )     327.7       (301.8 )
    Add: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
    -       -       0.1       -       0.1  
Net loss attributable to AAM
  $ (301.7 )   $ (301.7 )   $ (26.0 )   $ 327.7     $ (301.7 )
 
2008
                                       
Net sales
                                       
    External
  $ -     $ 702.0     $ 904.2     $ -     $ 1,606.2  
    Intercompany
    -       33.8       48.1       (81.9 )     -  
Total net sales
    -       735.8       952.3       (81.9 )     1,606.2  
Cost of goods sold
    -       1,652.2       929.5       (81.9 )     2,499.8  
Gross profit (loss)
    -       (916.4 )     22.8       -       (893.6 )
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    -       134.8       2.5       -       137.3  
Operating income (loss)
    -       (1,051.2 )     20.3       -       (1,030.9 )
Non-operating expense, net
    -       (45.2 )     (2.5 )     -       (47.7 )
Income (loss) before income taxes
    -       (1,096.4 )     17.8       -       (1,078.6 )
Income tax expense
    -       28.4       5.4       -       33.8  
Loss from equity in subsidiaries
    (1,112.2 )     (26.4 )     -       1,138.6       -  
Net income (loss) before royalties and dividends
    (1,112.2 )     (1,151.2 )     12.4       1,138.6       (1,112.4 )
Royalties and dividends
    -       39.0       (39.0 )     -       -  
Net loss after royalties and dividends
    (1,112.2 )     (1,112.2 )     (26.6 )     1,138.6       (1,112.4 )
    Add: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
    -       -       0.2       -       0.2  
Net loss attributable to AAM
  $ (1,112.2 )   $ (1,112.2 )   $ (26.4 )   $ 1,138.6     $ (1,112.2 )

 
17

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
 
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
(in millions)
                             
 
                             
September 30, 2009
 
Holdings
   
AAM Inc.
   
All Others
   
Elims
   
Consolidated
 
Assets
                             
Current assets
                             
    Cash and cash equivalents
  $ -     $ 45.7     $ 127.4     $ -     $ 173.1  
    Short-term investments
    -       2.7       6.4       -       9.1  
    Accounts receivable, net
    -       22.4       128.8       -       151.2  
    Inventories, net
    -       25.4       62.6       -       88.0  
    Prepaid expense and other current assets
    -       26.2       34.4       -       60.6  
Total current assets
    -       122.4       359.6       -       482.0  
Property, plant and equipment, net
    -       280.3       670.0       -       950.3  
Goodwill
    -       -       147.8       -       147.8  
Other assets and deferred charges
    -       301.5       71.4       -       372.9  
Investment in subsidiaries
    -       682.4       -       (682.4 )     -  
Total assets
  $ -     $ 1,386.6     $ 1,248.8     $ (682.4 )   $ 1,953.0  
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)
                                       
Current liabilities
                                       
   Current portion of long-term debt
  $ -     $ 20.1     $ 16.2     $ -     $ 36.3  
   Accounts payable
    -       61.6       127.7       -       189.3  
   Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
    -       167.2       56.1       -       223.3  
Total current liabilities
    -       248.9       200.0       -       448.9  
Intercompany payable (receivable)
    318.0       (584.1 )     266.1       -       -  
Long-term debt
    0.4       1,122.2       20.2       -       1,142.8  
Investment in subsidiaries obligation
    422.0       -       -       (422.0 )     -  
Other long-term liabilities
    -       1,021.6       79.3       -       1,100.9  
Total liabilities
    740.4       1,808.6       565.6       (422.0 )     2,692.6  
Total AAM stockholders’ equity (deficit)
    (740.4 )     (422.0 )     682.4       (260.4 )     (740.4 )
    Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries
    -       -       0.8       -       0.8  
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)
    (740.4 )     (422.0 )     683.2       (260.4 )     (739.6 )
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)
  $ -     $ 1,386.6     $ 1,248.8     $ (682.4 )   $ 1,953.0  
                                         
December 31, 2008
                                       
Assets
                                       
Current assets
                                       
   Cash and cash equivalents
  $ -     $ 54.6     $ 144.2     $ -     $ 198.8  
   Short-term investments
    -       10.6       66.5       -       77.1  
   Accounts receivable, net
    -       81.1       105.8       -       186.9  
   2008 AAM-GM Agreement receivable
    -       60.0       -       -       60.0  
   Inventories, net
    -       18.8       92.6       -       111.4  
   Other current assets
    -       29.7       31.4       -       61.1  
Total current assets
    -       254.8       440.5       -       695.3  
Property, plant and equipment, net
    -       393.8       670.4       -       1,064.2  
Goodwill
    -       -       147.8       -       147.8  
Other assets and deferred charges
    -       295.7       44.7       -       340.4  
Investment in subsidiaries
    -       678.4       -       (678.4 )     -  
Total assets
  $ -     $ 1,622.7     $ 1,303.4     $ (678.4 )   $ 2,247.7  
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)
                                       
Current liabilities
                                       
   Accounts payable
  $ -     $ 121.7     $ 129.2     $ -     $ 250.9  
   Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
    -       194.7       72.1       -       266.8  
Total current liabilities
    -       316.4       201.3       -       517.7  
Intercompany payable (receivable)
    316.6       (624.3 )     307.7       -       -  
Long-term debt
    0.4       1,094.9       44.6       -       1,139.9  
Investment in subsidiaries obligation
    118.7       -       -       (118.7 )     -  
Other long-term liabilities
    -       954.4       71.2       -       1,025.6  
Total liabilities
    435.7       1,741.4       624.8       (118.7 )     2,683.2  
Total AAM stockholders’ equity (deficit)
    (435.7 )     (118.7 )     678.4       (559.7 )     (435.7 )
    Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries
    -       -       0.2       -       0.2  
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)
    (435.7 )     (118.7 )     678.6       (559.7 )     (435.5 )
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)
  $ -     $ 1,622.7     $ 1,303.4     $ (678.4 )   $ 2,247.7  
 
 
18

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
 
 
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
                         
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
                             
   
Holdings
   
AAM Inc.
   
All Others
   
Elims
   
Consolidated
 
2009
                             
Operating activities
                             
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  $ -     $ (98.5 )   $ 78.8     $ -     $ (19.7 )
Investing activities
                                       
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
    -       (47.5 )     (64.5 )     -       (112.0 )
Redemption of short-term investments
    -       7.9       60.1       -       68.0  
Investment in joint venture
    -       -       (10.2 )     -       (10.2 )
Other investing activities
    -       0.1       (3.1 )     -       (3.0 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    -       (39.5 )     (17.7 )     -       (57.2 )
Financing activities
                                       
Net debt activity
    -       47.5       (14.7 )     -       32.8  
Intercompany activity
    (30.0 )     98.8       (68.8 )     -       -  
Debt issuance costs
    -       (18.2 )     -       -       (18.2 )
Proceeds from issuance of warrants to GM
    30.3       -       -       -       30.3  
Employee stock option exercises
    -       1.0       -       -       1.0  
Purchase of treasury stock
    (0.3 )     -       -       -       (0.3 )
Net cash provided by financing activities
    -       129.1       (83.5 )     -       45.6  
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    -       -       5.6       -       5.6  
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
    -       (8.9 )     (16.8 )     -       (25.7 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    -       54.6       144.2       -       198.8  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ -     $ 45.7     $ 127.4     $ -     $ 173.1  
                                         
2008
                                       
Operating activities
                                       
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  $ -     $ (211.9 )   $ 114.6     $ -     $ (97.3 )
Investing activities
                                       
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
    -       (40.1 )     (62.7 )     -       (102.8 )
Reclassification of cash equivalents to short-term
                                       
     investments
    -       (36.5 )     (80.7 )     -       (117.2 )
Proceeds from sale of equipment
    -       1.0       1.3       -       2.3  
Net cash used in investing activities
    -       (75.6 )     (142.1 )     -       (217.7 )
Financing activities
                                       
Net debt activity
    -       447.8       (4.9 )     -       442.9  
Intercompany activity
    17.4       (18.0 )     0.6       -       -  
Purchase of treasury stock
    (0.1 )     -       -       -       (0.1 )
Employee  stock option exercises,
                                       
     including tax benefit
    -       0.9       -       -       0.9  
Dividends paid
    (17.3 )     -       -       -       (17.3 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    -       430.7       (4.3 )     -       426.4  
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    -       -       (0.8 )     -       (0.8 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    -       143.2       (32.6 )     -       110.6  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    -       223.5       120.1       -       343.6  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ -     $ 366.7     $ 87.5     $ -     $ 454.2  

 
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Item 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A) should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.

Unless the context otherwise requires, references to "we," "our," "us" or "AAM" shall mean collectively (i) American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. (Holdings), a Delaware corporation, and (ii) American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. (AAM, Inc.), a Delaware corporation, and its direct and indirect subsidiaries.  Holdings has no subsidiaries other than AAM, Inc.

COMPANY OVERVIEW

We are a Tier I supplier to the automotive industry.  We manufacture, engineer, design and validate driveline and drivetrain systems and related components and chassis modules for light trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), passenger cars, crossover vehicles and commercial vehicles.  Driveline and drivetrain systems include components that transfer power from the transmission and deliver it to the drive wheels.  Our driveline, drivetrain and related products include axles, chassis modules, driveshafts, power transfer units, transfer cases, chassis and steering components, driving heads, crankshafts, transmission parts and metal-formed products.

 In 2008 and continuing in 2009, the domestic automotive industry experienced a severe downturn.  The collapse of the U.S. housing market, the global financial crisis, a lack of available consumer credit and financing options, rising unemployment, exceptionally low consumer confidence and wildly fluctuating fuel and commodity prices, among other factors, resulted in a sudden and major drop in industry production and sales volumes.  These difficult market conditions exacerbated the financial pressure on the entire domestic automotive industry, and especially the domestic OEMs, resulting in the bankruptcy filings by GM and Chrysler.

We are the principal supplier of driveline components to GM for its rear-wheel drive (RWD) light trucks and SUVs manufactured in North America, supplying substantially all of GM’s rear axle and front four-wheel drive and all-wheel drive (4WD/AWD) axle requirements for these vehicle platforms.  Sales to GM were approximately 78% of our total net sales in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to 73% for the first nine months of 2008 and 74% for the full-year 2008.

        On June 1, 2009, GM filed for bankruptcy protection in the U.S. Southern District of New York.  Post-bankruptcy GM was purchased out of bankruptcy on July 10, 2009.  On September 16, 2009, AAM and GM entered into the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement upon which we received $110.0 million from GM for cure costs associated with contracts assumed and/or terminated by Motors Liquidation Company in its chapter 11 bankruptcy cases; resolution of outstanding commercial obligations between AAM and GM (including, but not limited to, AAM retaining the programs currently sourced to AAM, AAM amending its standard terms and conditions to be more consistent with GM’s standard terms and conditions with other Tier 1 suppliers, GM’s right to resource one previously awarded program, and GM’s acceptance of its obligation to AAM under the GM postretirement cost sharing agreement); and adjustment of installed capacity levels reserved for existing and awarded programs to reflect new estimates of market demand as agreed between the parties.  As part of this Agreement, we also entered into a $100.0 million Second Lien Term Loan Facility with GM, issued 4.1 million warrants to GM to purchase AAM common stock, and expedited the payment terms on our receivables from GM from approximately 45 days to approximately 10 days in exchange for a 1% early payment discount.  In addition, on September 16, 2009, we entered into a Revolving Credit Amendment and Restatement Agreement, as well as a Term Loan Amendment and Restatement Agreement.  See “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES – Financing Activities” for more detail.

We are the sole-source supplier to GM for certain axles and other driveline products for the life of each GM vehicle program which was previously covered by a Lifetime Program Contract (LPC).  As part of the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement, GM terminated the existing LPCs and confirmed new LPCs.  Substantially all of our sales to GM are made pursuant to the new LPCs.  The new LPCs have terms equal to the lives of the relevant vehicle programs or their respective derivatives, which typically run 6 to 10 years, and require us to remain competitive with respect to technology, design and quality.

We are also the principal supplier of driveline system products for Chrysler’s heavy-duty Dodge Ram full-size pickup trucks (Dodge Ram program) and its derivatives.  Sales to Chrysler were approximately 7% of our total net sales in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to 11% for the first nine months of 2008 and 10% for the full-year 2008.

        On April 30, 2009, Chrysler filed for bankruptcy protection in the U.S. Southern District of New York.  Post-bankruptcy Chrysler was purchased out of bankruptcy on June 10, 2009.  Chrysler has assumed our pre-bankruptcy contracts.

         In the second quarter of 2009, GM announced an extended summer production shutdown for many of their facilities we support.  In connection with its bankruptcy filing, Chrysler temporarily idled its manufacturing operations through its exit from bankruptcy.  We estimate that the extended production shutdowns at GM and Chrysler in the second and third quarters of 2009 adversely affected net sales by $304.3 million and gross profit (loss) by $95.0 million.

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In addition to GM and Chrysler, we supply driveline systems and other related components to PACCAR Inc., Ford Motor Company (Ford), Harley-Davidson and other original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and Tier I supplier companies such as The Timken Company, Jatco Ltd. and Hino Motors, Ltd.  Our net sales to customers other than GM and Chrysler were 15% of our total net sales in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to 16% in the first nine months of 2008 and 16% for the full-year 2008.

In the third quarter of 2009, we were able to modify our existing debt agreements with our senior lenders and we entered into the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement with GM.  We believe these actions have resolved our short-term liquidity issues.  However, risks and uncertainties continue to exist as it relates to general economic conditions, the health of the global and domestic automotive industry and the long-term viability of our major customers.  We have made significant adjustments to our business plan, global manufacturing footprint, and our cost structure and operating breakeven level to adapt to lower industry production volumes.  We continue to focus on improving our liquidity position and diversifying our customer base and revenue concentrations.  In the first nine months of 2009, we took restructuring actions that resulted in significant special charges, including asset impairments.  These special charges are discussed in “RESULTS OF OPERATIONS –– NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2009 AS COMPARED TO NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2008.”  We will continue to monitor these industry risks and uncertainties and will react appropriately.
 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS –– THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2009 AS COMPARED TO THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2008

Net Sales   Net sales were $409.6 million in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to $528.1 million in the third quarter of 2008.

        As compared to the third quarter of 2008, our sales in the third quarter of 2009 reflect a decrease of approximately 3% in production volumes for the major full-size truck and SUV programs we currently support for GM and Chrysler and a decrease of approximately 80% in products supporting GM’s mid-size light truck and SUV programs.  These decreases in sales reflect the adverse impact of extended production shutdowns at GM and Chrysler, which is estimated at $100.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2009.  The decrease in sales also reflects deteriorating general economic conditions, the difficult market conditions in the automotive industry and the cancellation of GM’s mid-size SUV program.

  Our content-per-vehicle (as measured by the dollar value of our products supporting GM’s North American light truck platforms and the Dodge Ram program) was $1,396 in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to $1,453 in the third quarter of 2008.  The decrease in the content-per-vehicle is primarily due to lower customer pricing pass throughs related to metal market adjustments.  Our 4WD/AWD penetration rate was 65.4% in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to 62.4% in the third quarter of 2008.  The increase in the penetration rate in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to the third quarter of 2008 is due primarily to mix shifts favoring full-size trucks and SUV programs.

Gross Profit (Loss) Gross profit (loss) was a profit of $88.5 million in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to a loss of $378.4 million in the third quarter of 2008.  Gross margin was 21.6% in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to negative 71.7% in the third quarter of 2008.  The changes in gross profit (loss) and gross margin in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to the third quarter of 2008 reflects the impact of lower special charges, structural cost reductions resulting from the 2008 labor agreements with the International UAW and related capacity reduction initiatives.  The gross profit and gross margin in the third quarter of 2009 includes the adverse impact of extended production shutdowns at GM and Chrysler, which is estimated at $29.3 million.

Gross profit (loss) for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 includes special charges and non-recurring operating costs, as shown below (in millions):
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
Asset impairments, indirect inventory obsolescence and idled leased assets
  $ -     $ 255.9  
U.S. hourly workforce and benefit reductions
    (41.5 )     83.7  
Acceleration of BDP expense
    -       51.9  
Signing bonus
    -       0.4  
U.S. salaried workforce reductions
    0.6       0.9  
Other
    5.2       6.6  
Total special charges and non-recurring operating costs
  $ (35.7 )   $ 399.4  

U.S. hourly workforce and benefit reductions   We recorded a net gain of $41.7 million for the curtailment of certain pension and other postretirement benefits (OPEB) in the third quarter of 2009.  These curtailments relate to UAW-represented associates at our original U.S. locations who have elected to accelerate their remaining BDP payments and terminate employment with AAM in 2009.  We also recorded $0.2 million in special charges related to ongoing attrition programs and related statutory benefits.

        U.S. salaried workforce reductions   In the third quarter of 2009, we recorded net special charges of $0.6 million related to U.S. salaried workforce reductions.  This includes a charge of $1.2 million, primarily related to salaried workforce reductions and a net gain of $0.6 million for the curtailment of certain pension and OPEB related to these salaried workforce reductions.

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Other   Other special charges and nonrecurring operating costs were $5.2 million in the third quarter of 2009.  This primarily includes charges related to plant closure costs, the redeployment of assets to support capacity utilization initiatives and estimated postemployment benefits to be paid to associates in our European operations.

  Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A)   SG&A (including research and development (R&D)) was $44.0 million or 10.7% of net sales in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to $43.0 million or 8.1% of net sales in the third quarter of 2008.  SG&A includes special charges related to salaried workforce reductions of $0.6 million and a credit of $1.4 million in the third quarter of 2009 and 2008, respectively.  In addition, in the third quarter of 2009, we incurred $5.7 million of professional fees related to restructuring actions.  R&D was $15.1 million in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to $21.2 million in the third quarter of 2008.

Operating Income (Loss)   Operating income (loss) was income of $44.5 million in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to a loss of $421.4 million in the third quarter of 2008.  Operating margin was 10.9% in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to negative 79.8% in the third quarter of 2008.  The changes in operating income (loss) and operating margin were due to factors discussed in Gross Profit (Loss) and SG&A above.

Interest Expense   Interest expense was $20.3 million in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to $18.0 million in the third quarter of 2008.  The increase in interest expense reflects an increase in interest rates and higher average outstanding borrowings in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to the third quarter of 2008.  
 
Investment Income (Loss)   Investment income (loss) was income of $0.8 million in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to a loss of $3.7 million in the third quarter of 2008.  Investment loss in the third quarter of 2008 includes a loss of $5.4 million for a decline in the net asset value of certain short-term investments.

Other Income (Expense), net   Other income (expense), net, which includes the net effect of foreign exchange gains and losses, was income of $0.1 million in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to expense of $1.4 million in the third quarter of 2008.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)   Income tax expense (benefit) was expense of $5.5 million in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to a benefit of $3.4 million in the third quarter of 2008.  Our effective income tax rate was 22.0% in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to 0.8% in the third quarter of 2008.  Our income tax expense and effective tax rate in the third quarter of 2009 reflects the effect of increasing our contingent tax liabilities by $4.8 million as a result of our quarterly analysis of uncertain tax positions.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to AAM and Earnings (Loss) Per Share (EPS)   Net income (loss) attributable to AAM was income of $19.6 million in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to a loss of $440.9 million in the third quarter of 2008.  Diluted EPS was $0.35 in the third quarter of 2009 as compared to a loss of $8.54 in the third quarter of 2008.  Net income (loss) attributable to AAM and EPS for the third quarters of 2009 and 2008 were primarily impacted by the factors discussed in Net Sales, Gross Profit (Loss) and Income Tax Expense above.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS –– NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2009 AS COMPARED TO NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2008

Net Sales   Net sales were $1,057.6 million in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to $1,606.2 million in the first nine months of 2008.

As compared to the first nine months of 2008, our sales in the first nine months of 2009 reflect a decrease of approximately 28% in production volumes for the major full-size truck and SUV programs we currently support for GM and Chrysler and a decrease of approximately 81% in products supporting GM’s mid-size light truck and SUV programs.  These decreases in sales reflect the adverse impact of extended production shutdowns at GM and Chrysler which is estimated at $304.3 million for the first nine months of 2009.  The decrease in sales also reflects deteriorating general economic conditions, the difficult market conditions in the automotive industry and the cancellation of GM’s mid-size SUV program.

On February 25, 2008, the International United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW) called a strike at our original U.S. locations.  Sales in the first nine months of 2008 reflect the adverse impact of the International UAW strike, which was estimated at $414.0 million.

Our content-per-vehicle (as measured by the dollar value of our products supporting GM’s North American light truck platforms and the Dodge Ram program) increased 4% to $1,408 in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to $1,360 in the first nine months of 2008.  The increase in the content-per-vehicle is due primarily to mix shifts favoring full-size trucks and SUV programs.  Our 4WD/AWD penetration rate was 63.1% in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to 64.5% in the first nine months of 2008.  The decrease of the penetration rate in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to the first nine months of 2008 reflects the impact of the cancellation of GM’s midsize SUV program.

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Gross Loss   Gross loss was $99.5 million in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to $893.6 million in the first nine months of 2008.  Gross margin was negative 9.4% in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to negative 55.6% in the first nine months of 2008.  The change in gross loss and gross margin in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to the first nine months of 2008 reflects the impact of lower special charges, structural cost reductions resulting from the 2008 labor agreements with the International UAW and related capacity reduction initiatives.  The gross loss and gross margin in the first nine months of 2009 also includes the adverse impact of extended production shutdowns at GM and Chrysler, which is estimated at $95.0 million.  In addition, the gross loss and gross margin in the first nine months of 2008 includes the adverse impact of the International UAW strike, which is estimated at $129.4 million.

Gross loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 includes special charges and non-recurring operating costs, as shown below (in millions):
 
   
2009
   
2008
 
Asset impairments, indirect inventory obsolescence and idled leased assets
  $ 172.8     $ 585.8  
U.S. hourly workforce and benefit reductions
    (46.9 )     221.0  
Acceleration of BDP expense
    22.5       51.9  
Signing bonus
    -       19.5  
Supplemental Unemployment Benefits (SUB)
    -       18.0  
U.S. salaried workforce reductions
    3.8       7.0  
Other
    14.3       17.5  
Total special charges and non-recurring operating costs
  $ 166.5     $ 920.7  

Asset Impairments, indirect inventory obsolescence and idle leased assets   In the second quarter of 2009, we identified the following impairment indicators:

·  
new capacity rationalization actions taken by GM and Chrysler as a result of their bankruptcy filings and subsequent reorganization plans, including extended production shutdowns, for many of the programs we currently support; and
·  
changes in our operating plans, including the idling and consolidation of a significant portion of our Detroit Manufacturing Complex, made necessary by extended production shutdowns, and other program delays and sourcing decisions taken by our customers in the second quarter of 2009.

          We recorded asset impairment charges of $147.8 million in the first nine months of 2009 associated with the permanent idling of certain assets and the writedown of the carrying value of certain assets that were “held for use” to their estimated fair value.

As a result of the reduction in the projected usage of machinery and equipment due to the impairment indicators discussed above, certain indirect inventory was determined to be obsolete.  We recorded a charge of $3.9 million in the first nine months of 2009 related to the write down of the net book value of these assets to their estimated net realizable value.

We also recorded a special charge of $21.1 million for the estimated fair value of obligations for leased assets that were permanently idled in the first nine months of 2009.

U.S. hourly workforce and benefit reductions   We recorded a net gain of $61.0 million for the curtailment of certain pension and other postretirement benefits (OPEB) in the first nine months of 2009.  These curtailments primarily relate to UAW-represented associates at our original U.S. locations who have elected to accelerate their remaining BDP payments and terminate employment with AAM in 2009.  We also recorded $14.1 million in special charges related to ongoing attrition programs and related statutory benefits.
 
Acceleration of BDP expense   We recorded a special charge of $22.5 million in the first nine months of 2009 for the acceleration of BDP expense.  This acceleration relates to revised estimates of the number of UAW-represented associates at our original locations that are expected to be permanently idled throughout the term of the 2008 labor agreements or to voluntarily elect to accelerate their remaining payments and terminate employment.

U.S. salaried workforce reductions   In the first nine months of 2009, we recorded net special charges of $3.8 million related to U.S. salaried workforce reductions.  This includes a charge of $7.4 million, primarily related to salaried workforce reductions and special termination benefits for associates who accepted the voluntary salaried retirement incentive program in the second quarter of 2009, and a net gain of $3.6 million for the curtailment of certain pension and OPEB related to these salaried workforce reductions.

Other   Other special charges and nonrecurring operating costs were $14.3 million in the first nine months of 2009.  This primarily includes charges related to plant closure costs, the redeployment of assets to support capacity utilization initiatives and estimated postemployment benefits to be paid to associates in our European operations.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A)   SG&A (including research and development (R&D)) was $133.3 million or 12.6% of net sales in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to $137.3 million or 8.5% of net sales in the first nine months of 2008.  The decrease in SG&A in the first nine months of 2009 is a result of structural cost reduction efforts.  SG&A includes special charges of $2.6 million and $2.0 million related to salaried workforce reductions in the first nine months of 2009 and 2008, respectively.  In addition, we incurred $9.6 million of professional fees related to restructuring actions.  R&D was $50.7 million in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to $63.4 million in the first nine months of 2008.

Operating Loss   Operating loss was $232.8 million in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to $1,030.9 million in the first nine months of 2008.  Operating margin was negative 22.0% in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to negative 64.2% in the first nine months of 2008.  The changes in operating loss and operating margin were due to the factors discussed in Gross Loss and SG&A above.

Interest Expense   Interest expense was $60.4 million in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to $48.4 million in the first nine months of 2008.  The increase in interest expense reflects an increase in interest rates and higher average outstanding borrowings in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to the first nine months of 2008.  

Investment Income   Investment income was $2.8 million in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to $0.5 million in the first nine months of 2008.  Investment income in the first nine months of 2008 includes a loss of $5.4 million for the decline in the net asset value of certain short-term investments as of September 30, 2008.   

Other Income (Expense), net   Other income (expense), net, which includes the net effect of foreign exchange gains and losses, was expense of $3.6 million in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to income of $0.2 million in the first nine months of 2008.

Income Tax Expense   Income tax expense was $7.8 million in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to $33.8 million in the first nine months of 2008.  Our effective income tax rate was negative 2.7% in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to negative 3.1% in the first nine months of 2008.  Our income tax expense and effective tax rate in the first nine months of 2009 reflects the effect of recording a valuation allowance against income tax benefits on U.S. losses and increasing our contingent tax liabilities as a result of our quarterly analysis of uncertain tax positions.  The income tax expense and effective tax rate in the first nine months of 2008 includes the unfavorable tax adjustment related to the establishment of the full valuation allowance of $54.4 million against the net U.S. deferred tax assets.

Net Loss Attributable to AAM and Earnings (Loss) Per Share (EPS)   Net loss attributable to AAM was $301.7 million in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to $1,112.2 million in the first nine months of 2008.  Diluted earnings (loss) per share was a loss of $5.83 in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to a loss of $21.55 in the first nine months of 2008.  Net loss attributable to AAM and EPS for the first nine months of 2009 and 2008 were primarily impacted by the factors discussed in Net Sales, Gross Loss, Interest Expense and Income Tax Expense.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary liquidity needs are to fund debt service obligations, working capital investments and capital expenditures.  We also need to fund buydown payments and ongoing attrition programs included in the 2008 labor agreements with the International UAW.  We believe that operating cash flow, available cash, cash equivalent and short-term investment balances and available borrowings under our Amended Revolving Credit Facility and Second Lien Term Loan Facility will be sufficient to meet these needs.  On September 16, 2009, we amended and restated our existing Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan.  Refer to the "Financing Activities" section below for more information on the amendment and restatement of our loan agreements. 

Operating Activities   Net cash used in operating activities was $19.7 million in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to $97.3 million in the first nine months of 2008.   We estimate the adverse impact of the extended production shutdowns on our cash flow from operating activities to be $95 million in the first nine months of 2009.  We have received substantially all of our pre-bankruptcy accounts receivable from GM and Chrysler.  We do not anticipate collection issues with post-bankruptcy accounts receivable balances.

See below for more detail on significant factors related to our cash flow from operations.

2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement   In the third quarter of 2009, we entered into a settlement and commercial agreement with GM upon which GM agreed to provide us with $110.0 million of cure costs associated with contracts assumed and/or terminated by Motors Liquidation Company in its chapter 11 bankruptcy cases; resolution of outstanding commercial obligations between AAM and GM; and adjustment of installed capacity levels reserved for existing and awarded programs to reflect new estimates of market demand as agreed between the parties.  We received $110.0 million in the third quarter of 2009, $79.7 million of which is classified as cash flow from operations.

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         As part of the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement, we agreed to expedited payment terms of “net 10 days” from GM through June 30, 2011 (as compared to previously existing terms of approximately 45 days) in exchange for a 1% early payment discount.  We may elect to extend these terms through December 31, 2013.  Upon expiration of the expedited payment terms, we will be paid on payment terms of approximately 50 days.  We estimate that the accelerated payment terms favorably impacted cash flow from operations by approximately $35 million in the first nine months of 2009 and we estimate the favorable impact of the accelerated payment terms on cash flow from operations to be approximately $70 million for the full year 2009.

2008 AAM-GM Agreement   In 2008, we entered into an agreement with GM in connection with the resolution of the strike called by the International UAW (AAM-GM Agreement).  Pursuant to this agreement, GM agreed to provide us with $175.0 million of cash payments through April 2009 to support the transition of our UAW represented legacy labor at our original U.S. locations.  We received $115.0 million in the third quarter of 2008 and collected the remaining $60.0 million in the first quarter of 2009.

Buydown Program (BDP) payments   In the first nine months of 2009, we paid $18.8 million for the second lump-sum BDP payment for UAW-represented associates at our original U.S. locations that did not elect to participate in the Special Separation Program in 2008 and have not elected to accelerate their remaining BDP payments and terminate their employment with AAM.

        Cash paid for special charges   In the first nine months of 2009, we made cash payments of $101.5 million for special charges compared to $150.2 million in the first nine months of 2008.  These cash payments primarily related to hourly and salaried workforce reductions, including the acceleration of buydown payments to associates who elected to accelerate their BDP payments and terminate employment.

Pursuant to the 2008 labor agreements, UAW-represented associates at our original U.S. locations who are indefinitely laid off for 30 days have the option to accelerate their remaining BDP lump-sum payments and terminate their employment with AAM.  We made $42.7 million of accelerated BDP payments in the first nine months of 2009.  We expect accelerated BDP payments to be between $5 million and $15 million in the fourth quarter of 2009.  As of the date of this filing, approximately 135 associates have elected the BDP acceleration option but were not paid as of September 30, 2009.

We expect to make payments of approximately $6 million in the fourth quarter of 2009, $15 million in 2010, $10 million in 2011 and $5 million in 2012 related to our restructuring accrual of $35.9 million as of September 30, 2009.

          Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits  (OPEB)   Our regulatory pension funding requirement in 2009 is approximately $15 million.  We expect our net cash outlay for other postretirement benefit obligations in 2009 to be approximately $15 million.

 Investing Activities   Capital expenditures were $112.0 million in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to $102.8 million in the first nine months of 2008.  We expect our capital spending in 2009 to be approximately $140 million.  These expenditures continue to support the future launch of new vehicle programs within our new business backlog and the expansion of our global manufacturing footprint.
 
 In 2008, redemptions were temporarily suspended for certain money-market and other similar funds in which we invest.  We received $68.0 million of redemptions in the first nine months of 2009 and $9.1 million remain in these funds as of September 30, 2009.

In the first quarter of 2009, we formed a joint venture (JV) with Hefei Automobile Axle Co, Ltd., (HAAC), a subsidiary of the JAC Group (Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Co, Ltd).  We made an investment of $10.2 million related to the formation of this JV.

Financing Activities   Net cash provided by financing activities was $45.6 million in the first nine months of 2009 as compared to $426.4 million in the first nine months of 2008.  Total debt outstanding increased $39.2 million in the first nine months of 2009 to $1,179.1 million as compared to $1,139.9 million at year-end 2008.

On September 16, 2009, we entered into a Revolving Credit Amendment and Restatement Agreement under which the Credit Agreement dated as of January 9, 2004 was amended and restated (Amended Revolving Credit Facility).  Under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility, we will be required to comply with revised financial covenants related to secured indebtedness leverage and cash interest expense coverage.  We will also be required until June 30, 2010 to maintain an average daily minimum liquidity of $85 million. The Amended Revolving Credit Facility limits our ability to make certain investments, declare or pay dividends or distributions on capital stock, redeem or repurchase capital stock and certain debt obligations, incur liens, incur indebtedness, or merge, make acquisitions and sell assets. Borrowings under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility will continue to bear interest at rates based on adjusted LIBOR or an alternate base rate, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for a LIBOR based loan for lenders with commitments under the class A loan facility, which expires December 2011, is currently 6% and the applicable margin for lenders with commitments under the class B loan facility, which expires April 2010, is currently 2.5%. Borrowings under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility will be subject to a collateral coverage test after June 30, 2010.

25

On September 16, 2009, we entered into a Term Loan Amendment and Restatement Agreement under which the Credit Agreement dated as of June 14, 2007 was amended and restated (Amended Term Loan).  The Amended Term Loan agreement, among other things, replicates substantially all of the covenants and events of default in the Amended Revolving Credit Facility as described above.  Loans under the Amended Term Loan will bear interest at rates based on adjusted LIBOR (with a 3% floor) plus 7% or an alternate base rate plus 6%.  The Amended Term Loan matures on June 14, 2012 and is prepayable at any time.

As of the date of this filing, we are in compliance with all of our debt covenants.

        The Amended Revolving Credit Facility provides up to $476.9 million of revolving bank financing commitments through April 2010 and $369.4 million of such revolving bank financing commitments through December 2011.  At September 30, 2009, we had $87.9 million available under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility.  This availability reflects a reduction of $46.5 million for standby letters of credit issued against the facility.  We also utilize foreign credit facilities and uncommitted lines of credit to finance working capital needs.  At September 30, 2009, $28.9 million was outstanding and $9.2 million was available under such agreements.

Under the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement, GM agreed to make available to AAM a Second Lien Term Loan Facility of up to $100 million. Borrowings under this facility, if any, will bear interest at LIBOR (with a 2% floor) plus 12%.  The Second Lien Term Loan Facility is not prepayable until June 30, 2011, unless the source of such prepayment is cash generated in AAM’s ordinary course business operations and is subject to an intercreditor agreement with existing senior lenders and cannot be terminated prior to June 30, 2011. Until then, if we require additional liquidity that cannot be satisfied by utilizing a combination of the expedited payment terms, proceeds from sales of common equity, proceeds from the issuance of equity linked securities, cash generated from ordinary course business operations, availability under existing credit facilities (including certain permitted indebtedness), or a permitted refinancing (as set forth in the Second Lien Term Loan Facility), we will be required to borrow under the Second Lien Term Loan Facility.

        Also, as part of the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement, we granted GM with a contingent right of access to certain of our facilities as collateral under the agreement.  In addition, we granted GM a security interest in certain operating assets, certain real estate and intellectual property used in production of GM component parts.  Upon the occurrence of certain specified events, which generally involve a material and imminent breach of our supply obligations at a particular facility, GM may elect to access and use the operating assets and real estate used to manufacture, process and ship GM component parts produced at specified AAM facilities for a period of up to 360 days after invoking its right of access.   GM would also have the right to resource component part production to alternative suppliers. The right of access would continue for ninety days following the later of repayment and termination of the Second Lien Term Loan Facility and termination of the expedited payment terms.  If we do not achieve compliance with the Secured Debt Leverage Ratio under the Amended Revolving Credit Facility as of March 31, 2011 (without regard to a waiver, amendment, forbearance or modification of such covenant granted by the Amended Revolving Credit Facility lenders), the right of access will be extended through March 31, 2012.

        We also issued to GM five year warrants, which entitle GM to purchase 4.1 million shares of AAM’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.76 per share.  If we borrow against the Second Lien Term Loan Facility, we will issue GM additional warrants to purchase a pro rata portion of up to an additional 12.5% of AAM’s outstanding common stock based upon the amount drawn at an exercise price of $2.76 per share.  These warrants will expire on September 16, 2014.  We have classified $30.3 million of the payment received from GM as part of the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement as cash flow from financing activities, which represents the fair value of the warrants issued to GM on September 16, 2009.

We paid debt issuance costs of $15.5 million associated with the amendment and restatement of our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan in the third quarter of 2009.  We also paid debt issuance costs of $2.7 million associated with the waiver and amendment of our Revolving Credit Facility in the second quarter of 2009.

The weighted-average interest rate of our long-term debt outstanding in the first nine months of 2009 was 6.9% as compared to 7.2% for the year ended December 31, 2008.  As a result of the amendments to the Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan agreements, we estimate our interest expense for the fourth quarter of 2009 to be approximately $25 million. 

CYCLICALITY AND SEASONALITY

Our operations are cyclical because they are directly related to worldwide automotive production, which is itself cyclical and dependent on general economic conditions and other factors.  Our business is also moderately seasonal as our major OEM customers historically have a two-week shutdown of operations in July and an approximate one-week shutdown in December.  In addition, our OEM customers have historically incurred lower production rates in the third quarter as model changes enter production.  Accordingly, our quarterly results may reflect these trends.

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LITIGATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS

We are involved in various legal proceedings incidental to our business.  Although the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that any of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign environmental and occupational safety and health laws, regulations and ordinances, including those regulating air emissions, water discharge, waste management and environmental cleanup. We will continue to closely monitor our environmental conditions to ensure that we are in compliance with all laws, regulations and ordinances.  We have made, and will continue to make, capital and other expenditures (including recurring administrative costs) to comply with environmental requirements.  Such expenditures were not significant in the first nine months of 2009, and we do not expect such expenditures to be significant for the remainder of 2009.

EFFECT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
 
        In December 2007, the FASB issued new accounting guidance on noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements.  This new guidance establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary.  We adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2009 and have retrospectively revised the financial statement presentation of our noncontrolling interests accordingly.

In February 2008, the FASB issued new accounting guidance which defers the effective date of a previously issued accounting standard for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in an entity’s financial statements on a recurring basis.  We adopted the new accounting guidance on January 1, 2009 and it did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

        In March 2008, the FASB issued new accounting guidance on disclosures about derivative instruments and hedging activities.  This new guidance requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements.  We adopted this new guidance prospectively on January 1, 2009.

In May 2008, the FASB issued new accounting guidance for the treatment of convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion (including partial cash settlement), which requires issuers of convertible debt securities within its scope to separate these securities into a debt component and an equity component, resulting in the debt component being recorded at fair value without consideration given to the conversion feature. This new guidance was effective for us on January 1, 2009, and the impact was not material.

        In June 2008, the FASB issued new accounting guidance on determining whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities.    This new guidance notes that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are participating securities and shall be included in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method.  We adopted this new guidance retrospectively on January 1, 2009.  Adoption of this guidance increased basic and diluted shares outstanding by 3.5 million shares and 2.2 million shares for the three months ended September 30, 2009, respectively.  Adoption of this guidance did not increase basic and diluted shares outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2009 as we were in a loss position, and the participating securities are not obligated to fund losses.

        In December 2008, the FASB issued new accounting guidance for employers’ disclosures about postretirement benefit plan assets.  This new guidance requires annual disclosure about the assets held in postretirement benefit plans, including a breakdown by the level of the assets and a reconciliation of any change in Level 3 assets during the year.  It requires disclosures about investment policies and strategies, asset categories, inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of plan assets, and significant concentrations of risk within plan assets.  This new guidance is effective for periods ending after December 15, 2009 and we will revise our disclosures accordingly.
 
       In April 2009, the FASB issued new accounting guidance which expands the frequency of fair value disclosures for publicly traded entities about the fair value of certain financial instruments not recognized at fair value in the statement of financial position to include interim reporting periods.  We adopted this new guidance in the second quarter of 2009 and we have included the expanded disclosures accordingly.
 
       In May 2009, the FASB issued new accounting guidance on subsequent events.  The new guidance requires the disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for that date, that is, whether that date represents the date the financial statements were issued or were available to be issued.  We adopted this new guidance in the second quarter of 2009 and we have included the required disclosure accordingly.

       In July 2009, the FASB issued new accounting guidance which establishes the FASB Accounting Standards Codification as the official source of GAAP, and its use is effective for periods ending after September 15, 2009.  We adopted this new guidance in the third quarter of 2009.

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Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

MARKET RISK

Our business and financial results are affected by fluctuations in world financial markets, including interest rates and currency exchange rates.  Our hedging policy has been developed to manage these risks to an acceptable level based on management’s judgment of the appropriate trade-off between risk, opportunity and cost.  We do not hold financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Currency Exchange Risk   From time to time, we use foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the effects of fluctuations in exchange rates, primarily relating to the Mexican Peso.  At September 30, 2009, we had currency forward contracts with a notional amount of $9.1 million outstanding.  The potential decrease in fair value of foreign exchange contracts, assuming a 10% adverse change in the foreign currency exchange rates, would be approximately $0.9 million at September 30, 2009.

Future business operations and opportunities, including the expansion of our business outside North America, may further increase the risk that cash flows resulting from these activities may be adversely affected by changes in currency exchange rates.  If and when appropriate, we intend to manage these risks by utilizing local currency funding of these expansions and various types of foreign exchange contracts.

Interest Rate Risk   We are exposed to variable interest rates on certain credit facilities.  From time to time, we use interest rate hedging to reduce the effects of fluctuations in market interest rates.  As of September 30, 2009, there are no interest rate hedges in place.  The pre-tax earnings and cash flow impact of a one-percentage-point increase in interest rates (approximately 12% of our weighted-average interest rate at September 30, 2009) on our long-term debt outstanding at September 30, 2009 would be approximately $4 million on an annualized basis.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting and concluded that (1) our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) were effective as of September 30, 2009, and (2) no change in internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2009 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 
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PART II.   OTHER  INFORMATION

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There were no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our December 31, 2008 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

 In the third quarter of 2009, we withheld and repurchased shares to pay taxes due upon the vesting of certain individuals’ restricted stock.  The following table provides information about our equity security purchases during the quarter ended September 30, 2009:

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Period
 
Total Number of Shares (Or Units) Purchased
   
Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit)
   
Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
   
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
 
July 2009
    53,728     $ 3.58       -       -  
August 2009
    -       -       -       -  
September 2009
    14,088     $ 5.59       -       -  
Total
    67,816     $ 4.00       -       -  


Item 6.  Exhibits

 
Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed in the Exhibit Index.


 
 
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S IGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
(Registrant)

 

 

/s/ Michael K. Simonte
Michael K. Simonte
Executive Vice President - Finance & Chief Financial Officer
(also in the capacity of Chief Accounting Officer)
October 30, 2009




30



 
EXHIBIT INDEX
 

 

Number
Description of Exhibit
 
     
     
     
*4.1 Warrant Agreement dated as of September 16, 2009, by and among American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. and General Motors Company.  
     
++ *10.62
Settlement and Commercial Agreement dated as of September 16, 2009, between American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. and General Motors Company
 
 
     
*10.63 Second Lien Term Credit Agreement dated as of September 16, 2009, between American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. and General Motors Company, as lender.   Second Lien Collateral Agreement dated as of September 16, 2009, among American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc., American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc., certain subsidiaries of American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. identified therein and General Motors Company.  
     
*31.1
Certification of Richard E. Dauch, Co-Founder, Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act
 
   
   
*31.2
Certification of Michael K. Simonte, Executive Vice President – Finance &
Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act
 
   
   
*32
Certifications of Richard E. Dauch, Co-Founder, Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer and Michael K. Simonte, Executive Vice President – Finance & Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
   
*99.1
Access and Security Agreement dated as of September 16, 2009, between American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. and General Motors Company.   
 


*       Filed herewith
     
++     Portions of this exhibit have been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission as part of an application for confidential treatment pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
 
 



10-Q
Execution Copy



 

 

WARRANT AGREEMENT
 
Dated as of September 16, 2009
 
by and between
 
American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc.
 
and
 
General Motors Company
 

 


 
 
1

 



WARRANT AGREEMENT
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
      Page  
         
  SECTION 1. Defined Terms     1  
           
  SECTION 2.   Warrant Certificates     4  
           
  SECTION 3.   Issuance of Warrants     4  
           
  SECTION 4. Execution of Warrant Certificates       4  
           
  SECTION 5. Registration       4  
           
  SECTION 6.    Transfers and Exchanges       4  
           
  SECTION 7.    Exercise of Warrants       5  
           
  SECTION 8.   Adjustment of Exercise Price       6  
           
  SECTION 9.    Consolidation and Merger.     8  
           
  SECTION 10.     Notice of Adjustments       8  
           
  SECTION 11.   Payment of Taxes       8  
           
  SECTION 12. Mutilated or Missing Warrant Certificates       8  
           
  SECTION 13.    Reservation of Shares       8  
           
  SECTION 14.    Notices of Certain Corporate Actions       9  
           
  SECTION 15.   Expenses       9  
           
  SECTION 16.    Representations, Warranties and Covenants     9  
           
  SECTION 17.    Registration Rights     11  
           
  SECTION 18. Miscellaneous       16  
           
  EXHIBIT A - Form of Warrant Certificate     20  
           
           
 

 
 
 
2

 

WARRANT AGREEMENT
 
WARRANT AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) dated as   of September 16, 2009 by and between American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and General Motors Company, a Delaware corporation (“ GM ”).
 
WHEREAS, the Company is issuing the Warrants pursuant to the Settlement and Commercial Agreement, dated September 16, 2009, by and among the Company, American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. and GM;
 
WHEREAS, on the date hereof, the Company shall issue to GM 4,093,729 Warrants; and
 
WHEREAS, upon various drawdowns under the Credit Facility, the Company shall issue to GM up to 6,915,083 additional Warrants.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual agreements herein set forth, the parties hereto agree as follows:
 
SECTION 1.   Defined Terms
 
ARTICLE 1                      .
Action ” shall mean any action, suit, arbitration, inquiry, proceeding or investigation by or before any Governmental Authority.
 
Affiliate ” shall mean, with respect to any specified Person, any other Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such specified Person.
 
Additional Shares ” shall mean all shares of Common Stock issued or sold by the Company on or after the date hereof.
 
Agreement ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.
 
beneficial owner ”, with respect to any Shares, shall have the meaning ascribed to such term under Rule 13d-3(a) of the Exchange Act.
 
Blackout Period ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17.3 of this Agreement.
 
Board ” shall mean the board of directors of the Company.
 
Business Day ” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a day on which commercial banks in either the City of New York or the State of Michigan are authorized or required by Law to close.
 
Capital Stock ” shall mean (a) with respect to any Person that is a corporation, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock; and (b) with respect to any other Person, any and all partnership, membership or other equity interests of such Person.
 
Common Stock ” shall mean the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company.
 
Company ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.
 
control ” (including the terms “ controlled by ”, “ controlling ” and “ under common control with ”) shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, as trustee or executor, by contract or otherwise, including the ownership, directly or indirectly, of securities having the power to elect a majority of the board of directors or similar body governing the affairs of such Person.
 
Credit Facility ” shall mean the Credit Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by and among the Company, American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. and GM.
 
Current Market Price ” per share of Common Stock, on any date specified herein, shall mean the average daily Market Price during the period of the most recent ten days, ending on such date, on which the national securities exchanges were open for trading, except that if the Common Stock is not then listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange or quoted in the over-the-counter market, the Current Market Price shall be the Market Price on such date.
 
Demand Registration ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17.1(a) of this Agreement.
 
Demand Registration Statement ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17.1(a) of this Agreement.
 
Disposal Period ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 16.2(h) of this Agreement.
 
Equity Interests ” shall mean Capital Stock or warrants, options or other rights to acquire Capital Stock.
 
Exchange Act ” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and any similar or successor federal statute, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, all as the same shall be in effect at any applicable time.
 
3

Exercise Date ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7.8 of this Agreement.
 
Exercise Period ” shall mean the period commencing on September 16, 2009 and continuing until 5:00 p.m. New York City time on September 16, 2014.
 
Exercise Price ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3(a) of this Agreement, as adjusted pursuant to Section 8 .
 
Expiration Date ” shall mean 5:00 p.m. New York City time on September 16, 2014.
 
FINRA ” shall mean the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.
 
GM ” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.
 
Governmental Authority ” shall mean any United States or non-United States, federal, national, state, provincial, municipal, local, or other government, governmental, regulatory or administrative authority, agency or commission or any non-governmental self-regulatory agency, instrumentality or commission, any stock exchange, or any court, tribunal or judicial or arbitral body.
 
Holder ” shall mean initially GM, and thereafter any Person to whom Registrable Securities are permitted to be transferred in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and that is the registered holder(s) of any Warrants or Warrant Shares as registered on the Warrant Register maintained by the Company in accordance with this Agreement.
 
Indemnified Party ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17.7(d) of this Agreement.
 
Indemnifying Party ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17.7(d) of this Agreement.
 
Initial Number ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8.2(a)(i) of this Agreement.
 
Law ” shall mean any federal, national, supranational, state, provincial or local statute, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, code, order or requirement (including common law).
 
Loss ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17.7(a) of this Agreement.
 
Majority Holders ” shall mean Holders of Warrants evidencing a majority in number of the total number of Warrant Shares at the time purchasable upon the exercise of all then outstanding Warrants.
 
Market Price ” shall mean, on any date specified herein, the amount per share equal to (a) if the Common Stock is then listed on the NYSE, the last sale price of shares of Common Stock on such date or, if no such sale takes place on such date, the average of the closing bid and asked prices thereof on such date, in each case as officially reported on the NYSE, (b) if the Common Stock is then listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange (other than the NYSE), the last sale price of shares of Common Stock on such date or, if no such sale takes place on such date, the average of the closing bid and asked prices thereof on such date, in each case as officially reported on the principal national securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed or admitted to trading (other than the NYSE), (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange but is designated as a national market system security by FINRA, the last trading price of shares of Common Stock on such date, (d) if there shall have been no trading on such date or if the Common Stock is not so designated, the average of the closing bid and asked prices of shares of Common Stock on such date as shown by FINRA automated quotation system, or (e) if Common Stock is not then listed or admitted to trading on any national exchange or quoted in the over-the-counter market, the fair value thereof determined by a nationally recognized investment bank selected by the Board and reasonably acceptable to the largest Holder of Warrants at such time.
 
Maximum Number of Securities ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17.1(b) of this Agreement.
 
NYSE ” shall mean the New York Stock Exchange.
 
Officers ” shall mean, with respect to any Person, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the President, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary, any Assistant Secretary, or any Vice-President of such Person.
 
Other Securities ” shall mean any shares of Common Stock (other than Warrant Shares) and other Equity Interests of the Company or any other Person (corporate or otherwise) which a Holder at any time shall be entitled to receive, or shall have received, upon exercise of the Warrants held by such Holder or pursuant to Section 9 hereof, in lieu of or in addition to Warrant Shares, or which at any time shall be issuable or shall have been issued in exchange for or in replacement of Warrant Shares or Other Securities received in an earlier exchange, exercise or replacement of Warrant Shares.
 
Participating Demand Holders ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17.1(a) of this Agreement.
 
Participating Piggy-Back Holders ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17.2(b) of this Agreement.
 
Person ” shall include an individual, a corporation, an association, a partnership, a limited liability company, a trust or estate, a government, foreign or domestic, and any agency or political subdivision thereof, or any other entity.
 
4

Piggy-Back Registration ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17.2(a) of this Agreement.
 
Piggy-Back Registration Statement ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17.2(a) of this Agreement.
 
Pro Rata Repurchase ” means any purchase of shares of Common Stock by the Company or any Affiliate thereof pursuant to (a) any tender offer or exchange offer subject to Section 13(e) or 14(e) of the Exchange Act or Regulation 14E promulgated thereunder or (b) any other offer available to substantially all holders of Common Stock, in the case of both (a) or (b), whether for cash, shares of Capital Stock of the Company, other securities of the Company, evidences of indebtedness of the Company or any other Person or any other property (including, without limitation, shares of Capital Stock, other securities or evidences of indebtedness of a subsidiary), or any combination thereof, effected while a Warrant is outstanding. The “ Effective Date ” of a Pro Rata Repurchase shall mean the date of acceptance of shares for purchase or exchange by the Company under any tender or exchange offer which is a Pro Rata Repurchase or the date of purchase with respect to any Pro Rata Repurchase that is not a tender or exchange offer.
 
Qualified Purchaser ” shall mean any institutional “Accredited Investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (2), (3) or (7) under the Securities Act.
 
Registrable Securities ” shall mean (a) the Warrants, (b) the shares of Common Stock held by a Holder upon exercise of the Warrants and (c) any securities issuable or issued or distributed in respect of any of the Warrants identified in clause (a) or the Common Stock identified in clause (b) by way of stock dividend or stock split or in connection with a combination of shares, recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation or otherwise.  For purposes of this Agreement, (i) Registrable Securities shall cease to be Registrable Securities when a Registration Statement covering such Registrable Securities has been declared effective under the Securities Act by the SEC and such Registrable Securities have been disposed of pursuant to such effective Registration Statement and/or they otherwise cease to be outstanding and (ii) the Registrable Securities of a Holder shall not be deemed to be Registrable Securities at any time when the entire amount of such Registrable Securities may, in the written opinion of counsel satisfactory to the Company (in its reasonable judgment), be distributed to the public pursuant to Rule 144 (or any successor provision then in effect) under the Securities Act without limitation thereunder on volume or manner of sale or any such Registrable Securities have been sold in a sale made pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act.
 
Registration Statement ” shall mean a Demand Registration Statement, a Piggy-Back Registration Statement and/or a Shelf Registration Statement, as the case may be.
 
Regulatory Approvals ” with respect to a Holder, means, to the extent applicable and required to permit such Holder to exercise a Warrant for Warrant Shares without such Holder being in violation of applicable Law, the receipt of any necessary approvals and authorizations of any Governmental Authority and any notifications to, or expiration or termination of, any applicable waiting period under, the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.
 
SEC ” shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
Securities Act ” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any similar or successor federal statute, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, all as the same shall be in effect at any applicable time.
 
Shelf Registration Statement ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17.1(c) of this Agreement.
 
Special Registration ” means the registration of (a) equity securities and/or options or other rights in respect thereof solely registered on Form S-4 or Form S-8 (or successor form) or (b) shares of equity securities and/or options or other rights in respect thereof to be offered to directors, members of management, employees, consultants, customers, lenders or vendors of the Company or its subsidiaries or in connection with dividend reinvestment plans.
 
Trading Day ” shall mean a day during which trading in securities generally occurs on the NYSE or, if the Common Stock is not listed on the NYSE, on the principal other national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed or, if the Common Stock is not listed on a national or regional securities exchange, on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System or, if the Common Stock is not quoted on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System, on any Business Day.
 
Transfer ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(a) of this Agreement.
 
Transfer Agent ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13.2 of this Agreement.
 
Warrants ” shall mean the warrants issued pursuant to this Agreement and represented by Warrant Certificates, and all warrants issued upon transfer, division or combination of, or in substitution thereof.
 
Warrant Certificates ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2 of this Agreement.
 
Warrant Register ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5 of this Agreement.
 
Warrant Shares ” shall mean the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.
 
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SECTION 2.   Warrant Certificates
 
                                  The certificates evidencing the Warrants to be delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall be in registered form only and shall be substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto (“ Warrant Certificates ”) and may have such letters, numbers, or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon as the Officers of the Company executing the same may approve (with execution thereof to be conclusive evidence of such approval) and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be required to comply with any applicable Law or with any rule or regulation of any exchange, inter-dealer quotation system or regulated quotation service on which the Warrants or the Common Stock may be listed or quoted, as the case may be.
 
SECTION 3.   Issuance of Warrants
 
 
(a)   Subject to adjustment in accordance with Section 8 , each Warrant shall entitle the holder of such Warrant, upon proper exercise during the Exercise Period, to purchase from the Company one (1) share of Common Stock at a price of $2.76 per share (the “ Exercise Price ”).
 
(b)   Each Warrant Certificate shall be dated the date of execution by the Company and shall evidence one or more Warrants.  Each Warrant evidenced thereby entitles the Holder, upon proper exercise to receive from the Company the stated number of Warrant Shares at the Exercise Price, as adjusted as provided herein.
 
SECTION 4.   Execution of Warrant Certificate s
 
Warrant Certificates shall be signed on behalf of the Company by any Officer thereof under its corporate seal.  The seal of the Company may be in the form of a facsimile thereof and may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Warrant Certificates.  The Warrant Certificates may be executed in any number of original, facsimile or electronic counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instruments; provided , however , if the Warrant Certificate is executed in counterparts, the corporate seal may be imprinted on only one such counterpart.  Each such signature upon any Warrant Certificate may be of the present or any future Officer of the Company, notwithstanding the fact that at the time any Warrant Certificate shall be delivered or disposed of by the Company such Officer shall have ceased to hold such office, so long as, and the Company hereby represents that, under the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, any Warrants or Warrant Shares so issued would be validly issued.  Any Warrant Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by any Person who, at the actual date of the execution of such Warrant Certificate, shall be a proper Officer of the Company to sign such Warrant Certificate, although at the date of the execution of this Agreement any such Person was not such Officer, so long as, and the Company hereby represents that, under the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, any Warrants or Warrant Shares so issued would be validly issued.
 
SECTION 5.   Registration
 
The Company shall number and register the Warrant Certificates in a register (the “ Warrant Register ”) as they are issued by the Company.  The Warrant Register will show the names and addresses of the Holders, the numbers of Warrants and Warrant Shares evidenced on the face of each Warrant Certificate and the date of each Warrant Certificate.  The Company may deem and treat the Holders as the absolute owner(s) of the Warrant Certificates (notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing thereon made by anyone), for all purposes, and the Company shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary.
 
SECTION 6.   Transfers and Exchanges
 
6.1   Limitation on Transfers .
 
(a)   A Holder may not transfer, assign or encumber all or any part of a  Warrant Certificate (a “ Transfer ”).
 
(b)   Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Holder may Transfer all or any portion of a Warrant Certificate to (i) any of its Affiliates, (ii) any Qualified Purchaser, (iii) pursuant to a registration statement under the Securities Act; provided , however , that such transfer shall be in compliance with the Securities Act or any state (or other jurisdiction) securities or “blue sky” laws applicable to the Company or the Warrants or (iv) pursuant to the Holder’s lending arrangements with the Holder’s secured lenders (to the extent the Warrants are pledged as collateral to such lenders).
 
(c)   Any purported Transfer other than in accordance with the terms of this Agreement shall be null and void, and the Company shall refuse to recognize any such Transfer for any purpose and shall not reflect in its records any change in record ownership pursuant to any such Transfer.
 
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6.2   Registration of Transfers .  The Company shall from time to time register the transfer of any outstanding Warrant Certificates in the Warrant Register, upon surrender thereof accompanied by a written instrument or instruments of transfer in form reasonably satisfactory to the Company, including with respect to the matters referred to in Section 6.1(b) , any legal opinion reasonably requested by the Company, duly executed by the Holders thereof or by the duly appointed legal representative thereof or by a duly authorized attorney.  Upon any such registration of transfer, a new Warrant Certificate shall be issued to the transferee(s) and the surrendered Warrant Certificate shall be cancelled and disposed of by the Company in accordance with applicable Law.
 
6.3   Exchange of Warrant Certificates .  Warrant Certificates may be exchanged at the option of the Holder(s), when surrendered to the Company during normal business hours for another Warrant Certificate or other Warrant Certificates of like tenor and representing in the aggregate a like number of Warrants.  Warrant Certificates surrendered for exchange shall be cancelled by the Company.  Such cancelled Warrant Certificates shall then be disposed of by the Company in accordance with applicable Law.
 
SECTION 7.   Exercise of Warrants
 
7.1   Exercise of Warrants .  A Warrant may be exercised upon surrender to the Company of the Warrant Certificate evidencing the Warrant to be exercised with the form of election to purchase on the reverse thereof duly completed and signed, and upon payment to the Company of the Exercise Price, as adjusted from time to time as provided herein, for each Warrant Share then purchased.  Payment of the aggregate Exercise Price for all Warrant Shares being purchased in respect of a Warrant shall be made (a) by wire transfer of immediately available funds in United States Dollars or (b) by certified or official bank check for United States Dollars made payable to the order of the Company.  Each Warrant not exercised prior to the Expiration Date shall become void and all rights thereunder and all rights in respect thereof under this Agreement shall cease as of such time.  Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, each Holder hereby acknowledges and agrees that its exercise of a Warrant for Warrant Shares is subject to the condition that such Holder will have first received any applicable Regulatory Approvals; provided , however , that in the event a Holder has delivered a notice of exercise to the Company prior to the Expiration Date and any Regulatory Approvals with respect to such exercise are pending as of the Expiration Date, the Expiration Date with respect to such Warrants shall automatically be extended for a period of 30 days following final approval or disapproval of any such Regulatory Approval.
 
7.2   Issuance of Certificates Representing Shares .  Upon such surrender of Warrant Certificates and payment of the aggregate Exercise Price, the Company shall issue and cause to be delivered promptly to or upon the written order of the Holder and in such name or names, as the Holder may designate, a certificate or certificates for the number of full Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of such Warrants together with cash in lieu of fractional shares as provided in Section 7.7 .  Such certificate or certificates shall be deemed to have been issued and any Person so designated to be named therein shall be deemed to have become a Holder of such Warrant Shares as of the date of the surrender of such Warrants Certificates and payment of the aggregate Exercise Price.
 
7.3   Issuance of New Warrant Certificates .  Each Warrant shall be exercisable at the election of the Holder thereof, either in full or from time to time in part (in whole Warrant Shares), and, in the event that a Warrant is exercised (and a Warrant Certificate is surrendered) in respect of fewer than all of the Warrant Shares issuable on such exercise at any time prior to the Expiration Date, a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the remaining Warrant or Warrants will be issued and delivered by the Company.
 
7.4   Cancellation of Warrant Certificates .  All Warrant Certificates surrendered upon exercise of Warrants shall be cancelled and disposed of by the Company in accordance with applicable Law.
 
7.5   Warrant Agreement .  The Company shall keep copies of this Agreement and any notices given or received hereunder available for inspection by the Holders of the Warrants during normal business hours at its office.
 
7.6   Alternative Cashless Exercise .  Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, in lieu of exercising a Warrant as set forth above, a Holder may exercise a Warrant by electing to receive that number of shares of Common Stock as determined below by surrendering to the Company such Warrant, with the applicable election to purchase such Common Stock duly completed and signed by the Holder, in which event the Company shall issue to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock computed using the following formula:
 
                    CS  =  WCS  x   (MP- PP)
                                                    MP
where:
 
CS ” equals the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to the Holder;
 
WCS ” equals the number of Warrant Shares purchasable under the Warrant or, if only a   portion of the Warrant is being exercised, the portion of the Warrant being exercised;
 
MP ” equals the Current Market Price; and
 
PP ” equals the Exercise Price.
 
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Following the surrender of any Warrant pursuant to this Section 7.6 , the Company shall promptly record the name of the Holder in the Warrant Register for that number of shares, as calculated above in such name or names as may be designated by such Holder.
 
7.7   Fractional Shares .  The Company shall not be required to issue fractional Warrant Shares on the exercise of any Warrant.  If more than one Warrant shall be presented for exercise in full at the same time by the same Holder, the number of full Warrant Shares which shall be issuable upon the exercise thereof shall be computed on the basis of the aggregate number of Warrant Shares purchasable on exercise of the Warrants so presented. If any fraction of a Warrant Share would, except for the provisions of this Section 7.7 be issuable on the exercise of any Warrants (or specified portion thereof), the Company shall pay an amount in cash equal to the Market Price multiplied by such fraction.
 
7.8   When Exercise Effective .  The exercise of any Warrant shall be deemed to have been effective immediately prior to the close of business on the Business Day on which such Warrant is surrendered to and the Exercise Price is received by the Company as provided in this Section 7 (the “ Exercise Date ”) and the Person in whose name the shares of Common Stock shall be issuable upon such exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder of such shares for all purposes on the Exercise Date.
 
SECTION 8.   Adjustment of Exercise Price
 
.  If any of the events set forth in this Section 8 occur during the Exercise Period, the Exercise Price and the number of Warrant Shares for which any Warrant is exercisable, as applicable, shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as set forth in this Section 8 ; provided , however , that if more than one subsection of this Section 8 is applicable to a single event, the subsection shall be applied that produces the largest adjustment.  All of the adjustments referred to in this Section 8 shall only apply to Warrants which have not yet been exercised and shall not apply to the grant or issuance of the Warrants or the issuance of any Warrant Shares upon exercise of any Warrant.
 
8.1   Adjustments for Change in Capital Stock .  If at any time the Company shall:
 
(a)   pay a dividend or make a distribution on its Common Stock payable in Additional Shares or shares of other Capital Stock;
 
(b)   subdivide its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of shares;
 
(c)   combine its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares;  or
 
(d)   issue by reclassification of the Common Stock any shares of its Capital Stock (other than rights, warrants or options for its Capital Stock);
 
then (i) the aggregate number of Warrant Shares for which any Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such action shall be adjusted so that the Holder shall be entitled to receive upon exercise of such Warrant the number of shares or other units of Capital Stock of the Company which such Holder would have owned or would have been entitled to receive immediately following such action if such Holder had exercised such Warrant immediately prior to such action and (ii) the Exercise Price payable upon the exercise of such Warrant shall be adjusted by multiplying such Exercise Price immediately prior to such adjustment by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of such Warrant immediately prior to such adjustment and the denominator of which shall be the number of Warrant Shares issuable immediately thereafter.

8.2   Adjustment for Rights Issue .
 
(a)   If the Company distributes any rights, warrants, options or other securities exercisable or convertible into or exchangeable (collectively, an “ exercise ”) for shares of Common Stock (collectively, “ rights ”) to all holders of its Common Stock entitling them to purchase shares of Common Stock at a price per share (or having a exercise price per share) less than the Market Price of the Common Stock as of the last Trading Day preceding the date of the agreement on pricing such rights, then, in such event:
 
(i)   the number of Warrant Shares for which any Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to the date of the agreement on pricing of such rights (the “ Initial Number ”) shall be increased to the number obtained by multiplying the Initial Number by a fraction (A) the numerator of which shall be the sum of (1) the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on such date and (2) the number of Additional Shares for which rights may be exercised and (B) the denominator of which shall be the sum of (1) the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on such date and (2) the number of shares of Common Stock which the aggregate consideration receivable by the Company for the total number of shares of Common Stock into which rights may be exercised would purchase at the Market Price on the last Trading Day preceding the date of the agreement on pricing such rights; and
 
(ii)   the Exercise Price payable upon exercise of a Warrant shall be adjusted by multiplying such Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to the date of the agreement on pricing of such rights by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of Warrant Shares prior to such date and the denominator of which shall be the number of Warrant Shares immediately after the adjustment described in Section 8.2(a)(i) .
 
(b)   For purposes of the foregoing, the aggregate consideration receivable by the Company in connection with the issuance of such rights shall be deemed to be equal to the sum of the net offering price (including the fair market value, as determined by a nationally recognized investment bank selected by the Board and reasonably acceptable to the largest Holder of Warrants at the time of such adjustment, of any non-cash consideration and after deduction of any related expenses payable to third parties) of all such rights plus the minimum aggregate amount, if any, payable upon exercise of any such rights into shares of Common Stock.  Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 8.2 shall become effective immediately upon the date of such issuance.
 
8.3   Adjustment for Other Non-Cash Distributions .
 
(a)   If the Company distributes to all holders of its Common Stock any of its non-cash assets or debt securities or any rights, warrants or options to purchase securities of the Company (including securities but excluding distributions of Capital Stock referred to in Section 8.1 , distributions of rights, warrants or options referred to in Section 8.2 and in the case of any spin-off as described in Section 8.3(c) ), the Exercise Price shall be adjusted in accordance with the formula:
 
E′    =    E    -    F
 
where:
 
E' = the adjusted Exercise Price;
 
E = the current Exercise Price; and
 
F = the fair market value (on the record date for the distribution to which this Section 8.3(a) applies) of the assets, securities, rights, warrants or options to be distributed in respect of each share of Common Stock in the distribution to which this Section 8.3(a) is being applied.
 
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(b)   A nationally recognized investment bank selected by the Board and reasonably acceptable to the largest Holder of Warrants at the time of such adjustment shall determine fair market values for the purposes of this Section 8.3 .  The adjustment shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive the distribution to which this Section 8.3 applies.
 
(c)   In respect of a dividend or other distribution of shares of Capital Stock of any class or series, or similar equity interests, of or relating to a subsidiary of the Company or other business unit, referred to herein as a “spin-off,” for purposes of the adjustment in Section 8.3(a) above, “F” shall be equal to the average of the closing price of the portion of those shares of Capital Stock or similar equity interests so distributed applicable to one share of the Common Stock for the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days beginning on the effective day of the spin-off.  The adjustment to the Exercise Price in the event of a spin-off will occur on the tenth Trading Day from, and including, the effective date of the spin-off.
 
8.4   Adjustment for Cash Distributions .  In case the Company shall pay an annual cash dividend in excess of $0.08 per share of Common Stock, excluding any dividend or distribution in connection with the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, then, in such case, the Exercise Price shall be decreased by the amount of the cash dividend in excess of $0.08 per share payable to the holder of one share of Common Stock, such adjustment to be effective immediately prior to the opening of business on the day following such record date.  If any such dividend is not so paid, the Exercise Price shall again be adjusted to be the Exercise Price that would then be in effect if such dividend had not been declared.
 
8.5   Certain Repurchases of Common Stock .
 
(a)   In case the Company effects a Pro Rata Repurchase in which the cash and value of any other consideration included in the payment per share of Common Stock exceeds the Market Price on the Trading Day next succeeding the last date on which tenders or exchanges may be made pursuant to such Pro Rata Repurchase, then the Exercise Price shall be reduced to the price determined by multiplying the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to the Effective Date of such Pro Rata Repurchase by a fraction of which (i) the numerator shall be (A) the product of (1) the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately before such Pro Rata Repurchase and (2) the Market Price of a share of Common Stock on the Trading Day immediately preceding the first public announcement by the Company or any of its Affiliates of the intent to effect such Pro Rata Repurchase, minus (B) the aggregate purchase price of the Pro Rata Repurchase, and of which (ii) the denominator shall be the product of (A) the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such Pro Rata Repurchase minus the number of shares of Common Stock so repurchased and (B) the Market Price per share of Common Stock on the Trading Day immediately preceding the first public announcement by the Company or any of its Affiliates of the intent to effect such Pro Rata Repurchase.
 
(b)   In such event, the number of Warrant Shares for which any Warrant is exercisable shall be increased to the number obtained by dividing (i) the product of (A) the number of Warrant Shares before such adjustment, and (B) the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to the Pro Rata Repurchase giving rise to this adjustment by (ii) the new Exercise Price determined in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence.
 
(c)   For the avoidance of doubt, no increase to the Exercise Price or decrease in the number of Warrant Shares shall be made pursuant to this Section 8.5 .
 
8.6   Other Provisions Applicable to Adjustments Under this Section 8 .  The following provisions shall be applicable to the making of adjustments of the Exercise Price hereinbefore provided for in this Section 8 , irrespective of the accounting treatment of any consideration described below:
 
(a)   When Adjustments to be Made .  The adjustments required by this Section 8 shall be made whenever and as often as any specified event requiring an adjustment shall occur.  For the purpose of any adjustment, any specified event shall be deemed to have occurred at the close of business on the date of its occurrence.
 
(b)   When Adjustments May Be Deferred .  No adjustment in the Exercise Price needs to be made if the amount of such adjustment would be less than $0.01.  Any adjustments that are not made shall be carried forward and taken into account in any subsequent adjustment and all adjustments that are made and carried forward shall be taken in the aggregate in order to determine if the $0.01 threshold is met.  In computing adjustments under this Section 8 , fractional interests in shares of Common Stock shall be taken into account to the nearest one-hundredth of a share.
 
(c)   When Adjustment Not Required .  If the Company shall take a record of the holders of Common Stock for the purpose of entitling them to receive a dividend or distribution or subscription or purchase rights and shall, thereafter and before the distribution thereof to the holders of Common Stock, legally abandon its plan to pay or deliver such dividend, distribution, subscription or purchase rights, then no adjustment shall be required by reason of the taking of such record and any such adjustment previously made in respect thereof shall be rescinded and annulled, and no adjustment to the Exercise Price under this Section 8 shall be made in respect of the Warrants held by such Holder.
 
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SECTION 9.   Consolidation and Merger .
 
                                 9.1   Consolidation and Merger .  In case a consolidation, merger or other transaction that has substantially the same effect of the Company shall be effected with another Person after the date hereof and the Company shall not be the surviving entity, or the Company shall be the surviving entity but its Common Stock shall be changed into securities or other property of another Person, then, as a condition of such consolidation, merger or other transaction that has substantially the same effect, lawful and adequate provision shall be made whereby each Holder shall thereafter have the right to purchase and receive, upon the exercise of its Warrants, on the basis and the terms and conditions specified herein (and in lieu of each Warrant Share immediately theretofore purchasable and receivable upon the exercise of the Warrants), such securities, cash or other property receivable upon such consolidation, merger or other transaction that has substantially the same effect as such Holder would have been entitled to receive if its Warrants had been exercised immediately prior to such event.  In any such case, appropriate and equitable provision also shall be made with respect to the rights and interests of each Holder to the end that the provisions hereof (including Section 8 hereof) shall thereafter be applicable, as nearly as may be, in relation to any securities, cash or other property thereafter deliverable upon the exercise of any Warrants.  The Company shall not effect any such consolidation, merger or other transaction that has substantially the same effect unless prior to or simultaneously with the consummation thereof the successor Person (if other than the Company) resulting from such consolidation, merger or other transaction that has substantially the same effect shall assume, by written instrument, the obligation to deliver to such Holder such securities, cash or other property as, in accordance with the foregoing provisions, such Holder may be entitled to upon the exercise of its Warrants.  The above provisions of this Section 9.1 shall similarly apply to successive consolidations, mergers or other transactions that have substantially the same effect.
 
9.2   Dilution in Case of Other Securities .
 
  In case any Other Securities shall be issued or sold or shall become subject to issue or sale upon the conversion or exchange of Common Stock (or Other Securities) of the Company (or any issuer of Other Securities or any other Person referred to in Section 9.1 hereof) or to subscription, purchase or other acquisition pursuant to any rights, options, warrants to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire either Additional Shares or securities directly or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable for Additional Shares, issued or granted by the Company (or any such other issuer or Person) for a consideration such as to dilute, on a basis consistent with the standards established in the other provisions of Section 8 , the purchase rights granted by the Warrants, then, and in each such case, the computations, adjustments and readjustments provided for in Section 8 with respect to the Exercise Price and Warrant Shares shall be made as nearly as possible in the manner so provided and applied to determine the Exercise Price and amount of Other Securities from time to time receivable upon the exercise of the Warrants, so as to protect the Holders against the effect of such dilution; or, in the event such Other Securities are issued or sold prior to the exercise of any Warrants and are not subsequently obtainable upon exercise of such Warrants, such adjustments shall instead be made to determine the adjusted amount of shares of Common Stock represented by a Warrant Share, so as to protect the Holders against the effect of such dilution in accordance with Section 8 hereof.

SECTION 10.   Notice of Adjustments
 
Whenever the Exercise Price shall be adjusted pursuant to Section 8 , the Company shall forthwith provide a certificate signed by an Officer, setting forth, in reasonable detail, the event requiring the adjustment and the method by which such adjustment was calculated and describing the number and kind of any other securities issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and any change in the Exercise Price after giving effect to such adjustment or change.  The Company shall promptly, and in any case within ten Business Days after the making of such adjustment, cause a signed copy of such certificate to be delivered to each Holder in accordance with Section 18.1 .  The Company shall keep at its principal executive offices referred to in Section 18.1 copies of all such certificates and cause the same to be available for inspection at said office during normal business hours by any Holder or any prospective purchaser of a Warrant designated by a Holder.
 
SECTION 11.   Payment of Taxes
 
No service charge shall be made to any Holder for any exercise, exchange or registration of transfer of Warrant Certificates, and the Company will pay all documentary stamp taxes attributable to the initial issuance of Warrant Shares upon the exercise of Warrants; provided , however , that the Company shall not be required to pay any tax or taxes which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issue of any Warrant Certificates or any certificates for Warrant Shares in a name other than that of the registered holder of a Warrant Certificate surrendered upon the exercise of a Warrant.
 
SECTION 12.   Mutilated or Missing Warrant Certificates
 
If any of the Warrant Certificates shall be mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue, in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation of the mutilated Warrant Certificate, or in lieu of and substitution for the Warrant Certificate lost, stolen or destroyed, a new Warrant Certificate of like date and tenor and representing an equivalent number of Warrants, but only upon receipt of evidence satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction of such Warrant Certificate and such indemnity and security therefor as is customary and reasonably satisfactory to the Company, if requested.  Applicants for such substitute Warrant Certificate shall also comply with such other reasonable regulations and pay such other reasonable charges as the Company may prescribe.
 
SECTION 13.   Reservation of Shares
 
13.1   Reservation of Shares .  The Company will, commencing on the first day of the Exercise Period and at all times subsequent thereto until the sooner of the expiration of the Exercise Period or the exercise of all of the Warrants by the Holders thereof, reserve and keep available, out of the aggregate of its authorized but unissued Common Stock or its authorized and issued Common Stock held in treasury, for the purpose of enabling it to satisfy any obligation to issue Warrant Shares upon exercise of Warrants, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock which may then be deliverable upon the exercise of all outstanding Warrants.
 
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13.2   Transfer Agent .  The Company or the transfer agent for the Common Stock and every subsequent transfer agent for any Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of any of the rights of purchase represented by the Warrants as aforesaid (the “ Transfer Agent ”) will be irrevocably authorized and directed at all times commencing on the first day of the Exercise Period, and continuing until the sooner of the expiration of the Exercise Period or the exercise of all of the Warrants by the Holders thereof, to reserve such number of authorized shares of Common Stock as shall be required for such purpose.  The Company will keep a copy of this Agreement on file with the Transfer Agent for any Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the rights of purchase represented by the Warrants.  The Company will supply such Transfer Agent with duly executed certificates for such purposes and will provide or otherwise make available any cash which may be payable as provided in Section 7.7 .
 
SECTION 14.   Notices of Certain Corporate Actions
 
14.1   .
 
(a)   In case:
 
(i)   the Company proposes to take any action that would require an adjustment to the Exercise Price or the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants pursuant to Section 8 ;
 
(ii)   of any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party and for which approval of any stockholders of the Company is required, or of the sale, lease, exchange, conveyance or transfer of the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety, or of any reclassification or change of the Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants (other than a change in par value, or from par value to no par value, or from no par value to par value, or as a result of a subdivision or combination), or a tender offer or exchange offer for the Common Stock; or
 
(iii)   of the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company; then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered to each Holder at his address appearing on the Warrant Register, at least 20 Business Days prior to the applicable record date hereinafter specified, or promptly in the case of events for which there is no record date, by first-class mail, postage prepaid, a written notice stating (A)(1) the date as of which the Holders to be entitled to receive any such rights, options, warrants or distribution are to be determined or (2) the initial expiration date set forth in any tender offer or exchange offer for Common Stock or (3) the date on which any such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer, dissolution, liquidation or winding up is expected to become effective or consummated, and the date as of which it is expected that Holders shall be entitled to exchange such Common Stock for securities or other property, if any, deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer, dissolution, liquidation or winding up and (B) the facts with respect thereto as shall reasonably be necessary to indicate the effect on the Exercise Price and the number, kind or class of shares or other securities or property which shall be deliverable upon exercise of any Warrants.  The failure to give the notice required by this Section 14(a) or any defect therein shall not affect the legality or validity of any distribution, right, option, warrant, consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer, lease, dissolution, liquidation or winding up, or the vote upon any action.
 
(b)   Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed as conferring upon the Holder the right to vote or consent to or receive notice as a stockholder in respect of the meetings of stockholders or the election of directors of the Company or any other matter, or any rights whatsoever as stockholders of the Company.
 
SECTION 15.   Expenses
 
                                 All expenses incident to the Company’s performance of or compliance with this Agreement will be borne by the Company, including: (a) all expenses of printing Warrant Certificates; (b) messenger and delivery services and telephone calls; (c) all fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company; (d) all fees and disbursements of independent certified public accountants or knowledgeable experts selected by the Company; and (e) the Company’s internal expenses (including all salaries and expenses of their officers and employees performing legal or accounting duties).
 
SECTION 16.   Representations, Warranties and Covenants .
 
16.1   Representations, Warranties and Covenants of the Company .  The Company represents, warrants and covenants the following to each Holder:
 
(a)   The Company has all requisite power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Agreement.
 
(b)   This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the Holder, constitutes a valid and binding agreement of the Company.
 
(c)   The execution and delivery by the Company of this Agreement do not, and the consummation and performance of the transactions contemplated hereby, will not (i) contravene the Company’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws, (ii) violate any Law or (iii) conflict with or result in the breach of, or constitute a default or require any payment to be made under, any contract, loan agreement, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, lease or other instrument binding on or affecting the Company.
 
(d)   During the Exercise Period, the Warrant Shares have been duly and validly authorized for issuance and, when issued and delivered in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and the Warrants, will be duly and validly issued and will conform to the existing Common Stock.
 
(e)   No consent, approval, authorization, finding of suitability, registration, exemption or permit or (other than informational filings or notices) any filing with or notice to any Governmental Authority or any third party that is a party to any of the documents, to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party, is required in connection with, or as a condition to, the execution, delivery or performance by the parties of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
 
(f)   The Company agrees that if the exercise of any Warrant requires any Regulatory Approvals that it will use its reasonable efforts to cooperate with the Holder to obtain such Regulatory Approvals.
 
16.2   Representations, Warranties and Covenants of the Holder .  The Holder hereby represents, warrants and covenants the following to the Company:
 
(a)   The Holder has all requisite power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Agreement.
 
(b)   This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Holder and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the Company, constitutes a valid and binding agreement of the Holder.
 
(c)   The execution and delivery by the Holder of this Agreement do not, and the consummation and performance of the transactions contemplated hereby, will not (i) contravene the Holder’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws, (ii) violate any Law or (iii) conflict with or result in the breach of, or constitute a default or require any payment to be made under, any contract, loan agreement, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, lease or other instrument binding on or affecting the Holder.
 
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(d)   The Warrants being acquired by the Holder pursuant to this Agreement are being acquired for its own account and with no intention of distributing or reselling such Warrants or the Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise thereof or any part thereof in any transaction that would be in violation of the securities Laws of the United States, any state of the United States or any foreign jurisdiction, without prejudice, however, to the rights of such Holder at all times to sell or otherwise dispose of all or any part of such Warrants or Warrant Shares in a transaction that does not violate the Securities Act under an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, or under an exemption from such registration available under the Securities Act.  If such Holder should in the future decide to dispose of any of such Warrants or Warrant Shares, such Holder understands and agrees that it may do so only in compliance with the Securities Act and applicable state and foreign securities Laws, as then applicable and in effect.
 
(e)   Such Holder understands that (i) the Warrants and the Warrant Shares will not be registered at the time of their issuance under the Securities Act for the reason that the sale provided for in this Agreement and upon exercise of Warrants is exempt pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, (ii) the reliance of the Company on such exemption is predicated in part on such Holder’s representations set forth herein, and (iii) such Warrants and Warrant Shares must be held indefinitely unless a subsequent disposition thereof is registered under the Securities Act or is exempt from such registration.
 
(f)   Such Holder has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that it is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, has the ability to bear the economic risks of the investment and is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D, promulgated under the Securities Act.
 
(g)   While GM (or any of its Affiliates) holds any Warrants or Warrant Shares, it shall not, and shall direct its Affiliates not to, without the prior written consent of the Company, directly or indirectly:
 
(i)   acquire, offer to acquire, or agree to acquire, directly or indirectly, by purchase or otherwise, any securities or direct or indirect rights to acquire any securities of the Company or any subsidiary thereof, or of any successor to the Company, or any assets of the Company or any division thereof or of any such successor if, following such acquisition, GM and its Affiliates would be the beneficial owners of more than 20% of the then outstanding Common Stock;
 
(ii)   seek or propose to influence or control the management or policies of the Company, make or in any way participate, directly or indirectly, in any “solicitation” of “proxies” (as such terms are used in the rules of the SEC) to vote any voting securities of the Company or any subsidiary thereof, or seek to advise or influence any Person or entity with respect to the voting of any voting securities of the Company or any subsidiary thereof; the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that the commercial relationship between the Company and GM, and GM’s exercise of its rights under its various commercial agreements with the Company as they may be in effect from time to time, are not the seeking or proposing of influence or control over the management or policies of the Company;
 
(iii)   make any public announcement with respect to, or submit a proposal for or offer of (with or without conditions), any merger, recapitalization, reorganization, business combination or other extraordinary transaction involving the Company or any subsidiary thereof or any of their securities or assets;
 
(iv)   enter into any negotiations, arrangements or understandings with any third party with respect to any of the foregoing, or otherwise form, join or in any way engage in discussions relating to the formation of, or participate in, a “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act in connection with any of the foregoing; or
 
(v)   publicly disclose that it has requested that the Company amend or waive any provision of this Section 16.2(g) or make any such request in a manner that would require public disclosure thereof by the Company.
 
(h)   If GM (or any of its Affiliates) exercises a Warrant at any time prior to the 30 th calendar day prior to the Expiration Date, it shall not hold any Warrant Shares issued pursuant to such Warrant for more than 30 calendar days following such exercise (the “ Disposal Period ”); provided , however , that if GM (or any of its Affiliates) is prohibited from selling all or any portion of its Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 17.1(b) , Section 17.2(c) , Section 17.3 or Section 17.8 during the Disposal Period, then the Disposal Period with respect to such Warrant Shares shall be extended by the length of time GM (or any of its Affiliates) is prohibited from selling Warrant Shares.  GM and its Affiliates shall have no rights (including the right to vote in the election of directors or receive dividends) with respect to any Warrant Shares held in violation of this Section 16.2(h) .
 
(i)   If GM (or any of its Affiliates) holds any Warrant Shares either during the Disposal Period or following the Expiration Date, it shall vote such Warrant Shares proportionally with all other stockholders of the Company.
 
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SECTION 17.   Registration Rights.
 
17.1   Demand Registration Rights .
 
(a)   After receipt of a written request from a Holder requesting that the Company effect a registration (a “ Demand Registration ”) under the Securities Act covering all or part of the Registrable Securities which specifies the intended method or methods of disposition thereof, the Company shall, (i) as expeditiously as is possible, but in any event no later than 30 days (excluding any days which occur during a permitted Blackout Period) after receipt of a written request for a Demand Registration, file with the SEC a registration statement (a “ Demand Registration Statement ”) relating to all shares of Registrable Securities which the Company has been so requested to register by such Holders (“ Participating Demand Holders ”) for sale, to the extent required to permit the disposition (in accordance with the intended method or methods thereof, as aforesaid) of the Registrable Securities so registered and (ii) use its reasonable best efforts to cause such Demand Registration Statement to be declared effective within 60 days after the date of filing of the Demand Registration Statement; provided , however , that in the case the Company is not permitted to use Form S-3 to register such Registrable Securities of the Participating Demand Holders, the Company shall be entitled to register the resale of the Registrable Securities on another form, including a registration statement on Form S-1, and the Company shall have 90 days to cause such Demand Registration Statement to be declared effective after the date of filing such Demand Registration Statement; provided , further , however , that the Company shall not be required to file a Demand Registration Statement unless the aggregate number of the Registrable Securities requested to be registered (i) constitute at least 25% of the Registrable Securities or (ii) include all Registrable Securities which remain outstanding at such time.
 
(b)   If the majority of the Participating Demand Holders in a Demand Registration relating to a public offering so request that the offering be underwritten with a managing underwriter selected in the manner set forth in Section 17.9 below and such managing underwriter of such Demand Registration advises the Company in writing that, in its opinion, the number of securities to be included in such offering is greater than the total number of securities which can be sold therein without having a material adverse effect on the distribution of such securities or otherwise having a material adverse effect on the marketability thereof (the “ Maximum Number of Securities ”), then the Company shall include in such Demand Registration the Registrable Securities that the Participating Demand Holders have requested to be registered thereunder only to the extent the number of such Registrable Securities does not exceed the Maximum Number of Securities.  If such amount exceeds the Maximum Number of Securities, the number of Registrable Securities included in such Demand Registration shall be allocated among all the Participating Demand Holders on a pro rata basis (based on the number of Registrable Securities held by each Participating Demand Holder).   If the amount of such Registrable Securities does not exceed the Maximum Number of Securities, the Company may include in such Demand Registration any other securities of the Company and other securities held by other security holders of the Company, as the Company may in its discretion determine or be obligated to allow, in an amount which together with the Registrable Securities included in such Demand Registration shall not exceed the Maximum Number of Securities.
 
(c)   To the extent the Company is permitted to do so under the Securities Act, any Demand Registration Statement may be required by Participating Demand Holders constituting a majority of the Registrable Securities to be in an appropriate form under the Securities Act (a “ Shelf Registration Statement ”) relating to any or all of the Registrable Securities in accordance with the methods and distribution set forth in the Shelf Registration Statement and Rule 415 under the Securities Act.
 
(d)   Holders shall be entitled to an aggregate of two registrations of Registrable Securities pursuant to this Section 17.1 ; provided , that a registration requested pursuant to this Section 17.1 shall not be deemed to have been effected for purposes of this Section 17.1(d) unless (i) it has been declared effective by the SEC, (ii) it has remained effective for the period set forth in Section 17.4(a) , and (iii) the offering of Registrable Securities pursuant to such registration is not subject to any stop order, injunction or other order or requirement of the SEC (other than any such stop order, injunction, or other requirement of the SEC prompted by act or omission of Holders of Registrable Securities).
 
(e)   Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Company shall not be required to prepare and file (i) more than one Demand Registration Statement in any twelve-month period, or (ii) any Demand Registration Statement within 180 days following the date of effectiveness of any other Registration Statement.
 
17.2   Piggy-Back Registration Rights .
 
(a)   If the Company, proposes to file on its behalf and/or on behalf of any holder of its securities a registration statement under the Securities Act on any form relating solely to the Common Stock of the Company (other than a registration statement on Form S-4 or S-8 or any successor form for securities to be offered in a transaction of the type referred to in Rule 145 under the Securities Act or to employees of the Company pursuant to any employee benefit plan, respectively) for the registration of any securities of the Company (a “ Piggy-Back Registration ”), it will give written notice to all Holders at least 15 days before the initial filing with the SEC of such piggy-back registration statement (a “ Piggy-Back Registration Statement ”), which notice shall set forth the intended method of disposition of the securities proposed to be registered by the Company.  The notice shall offer to include in such filing the aggregate number of Registrable Securities as such Holders may request.
 
(b)   Each Holder desiring to have Registrable Securities registered under this Section 17.2 (“ Participating Piggy-Back Holders ”) shall advise the Company in writing within ten days after the date of receipt of such notice from the Company, setting forth the amount of such Registrable Securities for which registration is requested.  The Company shall thereupon include in such filing the number or amount of Registrable Securities for which registration is so requested, subject to Section 17.2(c) below, and shall use its reasonable efforts to effect registration of such Registrable Securities under the Securities Act.
 
(c)   If the Piggy-Back Registration relates to an underwritten public offering and the managing underwriter of such proposed public offering advises in writing that, in its opinion, the amount of Registrable Securities requested to be included in the Piggy-Back Registration in addition to the securities being registered by the Company would be greater than the Maximum Number of Securities (having the same meaning as defined in Section 17.1(b) , but replacing the term “Demand Registration” with “Piggy-Back Registration”), then:
 
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(i)   in the event Company initiated the Piggy-Back Registration, the Company shall include in such Piggy-Back Registration first , the securities the Company proposes to register and second , the securities of all other selling security holders, including the Participating Piggy-Back Holders, to be included in such Piggy-Back Registration in an amount which together with the securities the Company proposes to register, shall not exceed the Maximum Number of Securities, such amount to be allocated among such selling security holders, including the Participating Piggy-Back Holders, on a pro rata basis (based on the number of securities of the Company held by each such selling security holder); and
 
(ii)   in the event any holder of securities of the Company, including any Holder, initiated the Piggy-Back Registration, the Company shall include in such Piggy-Back Registration first , the securities such initiating security holder proposes to register, second , the securities of any other selling security holders, including the Participating Piggy-Back Holders, in an amount which together with the securities the initiating security holder proposes to register, shall not exceed the Maximum Number of Securities, such amount to be allocated among such other selling security holders, including the Participating Piggy-Back Holders, on a pro rata basis (based on the number of securities of the Company held by each such selling security holder) and third , any securities the Company proposes to register, in an amount which together with the securities the initiating security holder and the other selling security holders, including the Participating Piggy-Back Holders, propose to register, shall not exceed the Maximum Number of Securities.
 
(d)   The Company will not hereafter enter into any agreement, which is inconsistent with the rights of priority provided in Section 17.2(c) .
 
17.3   Blackout Periods .  The Company shall have the right to delay the filing or effectiveness of a Registration Statement required pursuant to Section 17.1 or Section 17.2 hereof during no more than two periods aggregating to not more than 90 days in any twelve-month period (a “ Blackout Period ”) in the event that (i) the Company would, in accordance with the advice of its counsel, be required to disclose in the prospectus information not otherwise then required by Law to be publicly disclosed and (ii) in the judgment of the Board, there is a reasonable likelihood that such disclosure, or any other action to be taken in connection with the prospectus, would materially and adversely affect or interfere with any financing, acquisition, merger, disposition of assets (not in the ordinary course of business), corporate reorganization or other similar transaction involving the Company; provided , however , that the Company shall delay during such Blackout Period the filing or effectiveness of any Registration Statement required pursuant to the registration rights of the holders of any securities of the Company; provided , further , that the Company will not exercise its right to delay unless at the time of such delay the Company concurrently exercises similar black-out rights against holders of securities with similar rights as the Holders.  The Company shall promptly give the Holders written notice of such determination containing a general statement of the reasons for such postponement and an approximation of the anticipated duration of the delay.  The Company shall have no obligation to include in any such notice any reference to or description of the facts based upon which the Company is delivering such notice.
 
17.4   Registration Procedures .  The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts, for so long as there are Registrable Securities outstanding, to take such actions as are under its control to not become an ineligible issuer (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) and to remain a well-known seasoned issuer (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) if it becomes eligible for such status in the future.  Additionally, If the Company is required by the provisions of Section 17.1 or Section 17.2 to effect the registration of any of its securities under the Securities Act, the Company will, as expeditiously as possible:
 
(a)   prepare and file with the SEC a Registration Statement with respect to such securities and use its reasonable efforts to cause such Registration Statement promptly to become and remain effective for a period of time required for the disposition of such securities by the holders thereof but not to exceed 45 days (except with respect to a Shelf Registration Statement which shall remain effective for a period not to exceed 180 days); provided , however , that before filing such Registration Statement or any amendments or supplements thereto (for purposes of this subsection, amendments and supplements shall not be deemed to include any filing that the Company is required to make pursuant to the Exchange Act), the Company shall furnish the representatives of the Holders referred to in Section 17.4(l) copies of all documents proposed to be filed, which documents will be subject to the review of such counsel.  The Company shall not be deemed to have used its reasonable efforts to keep a Registration Statement effective during the applicable period if it voluntarily takes any action that would result in the Holders of such Registrable Securities not being able to sell such Registrable Securities during that period, unless such action is required under applicable Law;
 
(b)   prepare and file with the SEC such amendments and supplements to such Registration Statement and the prospectus used in connection therewith as may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement effective and to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the sale or other disposition of all securities covered by such Registration Statement until the earlier of such time as all of such securities have been disposed of in a public offering or the expiration of 45 days (except with respect to the Shelf Registration Statement, for which such period shall be 180 days) after such Registration Statement becomes effective;
 
(c)   furnish to such selling Holders such number of conformed copies of the applicable Registration Statement and each such amendment and supplement thereto, and of any summary prospectus or other prospectus, including any preliminary prospectus, in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act in order to facilitate the public sale or other disposition of such Registrable Securities;
 
(d)   use its reasonable best efforts to register or qualify the securities covered by such Registration Statement under such other securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions within the United States as each Holder of such securities shall reasonably request, to keep such registration or qualification in effect for so long as such Registration Statement remains in effect, and to take any other action which may be reasonably necessary to enable such selling Holder to consummate the disposition in such jurisdictions of the securities owned by such Holder; provided , however , that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith or as a condition thereto to qualify to do business, subject itself to taxation in or to file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction wherein it would not but for the requirements of this Section 17.4(d) be obligated to do so; and provided , further , that the Company shall not be required to qualify such Registrable Securities in any jurisdiction in which the securities regulatory authority requires that any Holder submit any Registrable Securities to the terms, provisions and restrictions of any escrow, lockup or similar agreement(s) for consent to sell Registrable Securities in such jurisdiction unless such Holder agrees to do so;
 
(e)   furnish, at the request of any Holder requesting registration of Registrable Securities pursuant to Section 17.1 or Section 17.2 , if the method of distribution is by means of an underwriting, on the date that the Registrable Securities are delivered to the underwriters for sale pursuant to such registration, (i) a signed opinion, dated such date, of the independent legal counsel representing the Company for the purpose of such registration, addressed to the underwriters, if any, as to such matters as such underwriters may reasonably request and as would be customary in such a transaction; and (ii) letters dated such date and the date the offering is priced from the independent certified public accountants of the Company, addressed to the underwriters, if any (A) stating that they are independent certified public accountants within the meaning of the Securities Act and that, in the opinion of such accountants, the financial statements and other financial data of the Company included in the Registration Statement or the prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, comply as to form in all material respects with the applicable accounting requirements of the Securities Act and (B) covering such other financial matters (including information as to the period ending not more than five Business Days prior to the date of such letters) with respect to the registration in respect of which such letter is being given as such underwriters or the Holders holding a majority of the Registrable Securities included in such registration, as the case may be, may reasonably request and as would be customary in such a transaction;
 
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(f)   enter into customary agreements (including if the method of distribution is by means of an underwriting, an underwriting agreement in customary form) and take such other actions as are reasonably required in order to expedite or facilitate the disposition of such Registrable Securities (including in any underwritten offering, making members of management and executives of the Company available to participate in “road shows”, similar sales events and other marketing activities);
 
(g)   otherwise use its reasonable efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the SEC, and make generally available to the Holders no later than 45 days after the end of any twelve-month period (or 90 days, if such period is a fiscal year) earnings statements satisfying the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act, (i) commencing at the end of any fiscal quarter in which Registrable Securities are sold to underwriters in an underwritten public offering, or (ii) if not sold to underwriters in such an offering, beginning with the first month of the Company’s first fiscal quarter commencing after the effective date of the Registration Statement, which statements shall cover said twelve-month periods;
 
(h)   use its reasonable efforts to cause all such Registrable Securities to be listed on each securities exchange or quotation system on which similar securities issued by the Company are listed or traded;
 
(i)   notify the Holders at any time when a prospectus relating to Registrable Securities is required to be delivered under the Securities Act because of the happening of any event as a result of which the applicable prospectus, as then in effect, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading in light of the circumstances then existing;
 
(j)   give notice to the Holders:
 
(i)   when such Registration Statement or any amendment thereto has been filed with the SEC and when such Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto has become effective;
 
(ii)   of any request by the SEC for amendments or supplements to such Registration Statement or the prospectus included therein, or for additional information, except for amendments or supplements or additional information required to be delivered pursuant to the Exchange Act;
 
(iii)   of the issuance by the SEC of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of such Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose;
 
(iv)   of the receipt by the Company or its legal counsel of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification of the Common Stock for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; and
 
(v)   of the happening of any event that requires the Company to make changes in such Registration Statement or the prospectus in order to make the statements therein not misleading (which notice shall be accompanied by an instruction to suspend the use of the prospectus until the requisite changes have been made);
 
(k)   use its reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance or obtain the withdrawal of any order suspending the effectiveness of such Registration Statement at the earliest possible time;
 
(l)   upon the occurrence of any event contemplated by Section 17.4(j)(v) , promptly prepare a post-effective amendment to such Registration Statement, if necessary, or a supplement to the related prospectus or file any other required document so that, as thereafter delivered to the Holders, the prospectus will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.  If the Company notifies the Holders in accordance with Section 17.4(j)(v) to suspend the use of the prospectus until the requisite changes to the prospectus have been made, then each Holder shall suspend use of such prospectus and use their reasonable efforts to return to the Company all copies of such prospectus other than permanent file copies then in the Holder’s possession, and the period of effectiveness of such Registration Statement provided for above shall be extended by the number of days from and including the date of the giving of such notice to the date Holders shall have received such amended or supplemented prospectus pursuant to this Section 17.4(l) ;
 
(m)   make reasonably available for inspection by the representatives of the Holders, any underwriter participating in any disposition pursuant to such Registration Statement and any attorney, accountant or other agent retained by such representative or any such underwriter, upon prior notice and during normal business hours, all relevant financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company and cause the Company’s officers, directors and employees to supply all relevant information reasonably requested by such representative or any such underwriter, attorney, accountant or agent in connection with the registration;
 
(n)   use reasonable efforts to procure the cooperation of the Transfer Agent in settling any offering or sale of Registrable Securities, including with respect to the transfer of physical stock certificates into book-entry form in accordance with any procedures reasonably requested by the Holders or the underwriters; and
 
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(o)   if requested by Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities being registered and/or sold in connection therewith, or the managing underwriter(s), if any, promptly include in a prospectus supplement or amendment such information as the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities being registered and/or sold in connection therewith or managing underwriter(s), if any, may reasonably request, in good faith, in order to permit the intended method of distribution of such securities and make all required filings of such prospectus supplement or such amendment as soon as practicable after the Company has received such request.
 
To the extent permitted by the SEC rules and regulations, the parties agree that the Company may satisfy the obligations of filing a registration statement relating to Registrable Securities under this Section 17 by filing any prospectus supplement to its existing effective registration statement.
 
It shall be a condition precedent to the obligation of the Company to take any action pursuant to this Agreement in respect of the securities which are to be registered at the request of any Holder, that such Holder shall furnish to the Company such information regarding the securities held by such Holder and the intended method of disposition thereof as the Company shall reasonably request and as shall be required in connection with the action taken by the Company.
 
17.5   Expenses of Registration.   All expenses incurred in connection with each registration pursuant to Section 17.1 and Section 17.2 of this Agreement, excluding underwriters’ discounts and commissions, but including all registration, filing and qualification fees, word processing, duplicating, printers’ and accounting fees (including the expenses of any special audits or “comfort” letters required by or incident to such performance and compliance), fees of FINRA or listing fees, messenger and delivery expenses, all fees and expenses of complying with state securities or blue sky laws and fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company, shall be paid by the Company, except that:
 
(a)   all such expenses in connection with any amendment or supplement to a Registration Statement or prospectus filed more than 45 days (or in the case of a Shelf Registration Statement, 180 days) after the effective date of such Registration Statement because any Holder has not effected the disposition of the securities requested to be registered shall be paid by such Holder;
 
(b)   if a registration request pursuant to Section 17.1 of this Agreement is subsequently withdrawn at the request of the Holders of a number of shares of Registrable Securities such that the remaining Holders requesting registration would not have been able to request registration under the provisions of Section 17.1 of this Agreement, such withdrawing Holders shall bear such expenses unless such withdrawing Holders shall forfeit their right to the Demand Registration requests otherwise required to be used pursuant to Section 17.1 of this Agreement;
 
(c)   The Holders shall bear and pay the (i) underwriting commissions and discounts applicable to securities offered for their account in connection with any registrations, filings and qualifications made pursuant to this Agreement and (ii) any fees and expenses incurred in respect of counsel or other advisors to the Holders.
 
17.6   Rule 144 and Rule 144A Information .  
 
(a) With a view to making available the benefits of certain rules and regulations of the SEC which may at any time permit the sale of the Registrable Securities to the public without registration, at all times after the date of this Agreement, the Company agrees to:
 
(i)   make and keep public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act;
 
(ii)   use its best efforts to file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act; and
 
(iii)   furnish to each Holder of Registrable Securities forthwith upon request a written statement by the Company as to its compliance with the reporting requirements of such Rule 144 and of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of the Company, and such other reports and documents so filed by the Company as such Holder may reasonably request in availing itself of any rule or regulation of the SEC allowing such Holder to sell any Registrable Securities without registration.
 
(b)   At all times during which the Company is neither subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, nor exempt from reporting pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Exchange Act, it will provide, upon the written request of any holder of Registrable Securities in written form (as promptly as practicable and in any event within 15 Business Days), to any prospective buyer of the securities designated by the Holder, all information required by Rule 144A(d)(4)(i) of the General Regulations promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act.
 
17.7   Indemnification and Contribution .
 
(a)   The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each Holder, such Holder’s directors and officers, each Person who participates in the offering of such Registrable Securities, including underwriters (as defined in the Securities Act), and each Person, if any, who controls such Holder or participating Person within the meaning of the Securities Act, against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses, interest, awards, judgments and penalties (including reasonable attorneys’ and consultants’ fees and expenses) (hereinafter, a “ Loss ”) to which they may become subject under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such Losses (or proceedings in respect thereof) arise out of or are based on any untrue or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in such Registration Statement on the effective date thereof (including any prospectus filed under Rule 424 under the Securities Act or any amendments or supplements thereto and any information contained in a form of prospectus or prospectus supplement that is deemed to be a part of a Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act) or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and shall reimburse each such Holder, such Holder’s directors and officers, such participating Person or controlling Person for any legal and other expenses reasonably incurred by them (but not in excess of expenses incurred in respect of one firm of legal counsel for all of them unless there is an actual conflict of interest between any Indemnified Parties, which Indemnified Parties may be represented by separate counsel) in connection with investigating or defending any such Loss; provided , however , that the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 17.7(a) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any such Loss if such settlement is effected without the consent of the Company; provided , further , that the Company shall not be liable to any Holder, such Holder’s directors and officers, participating Person or controlling Person in any such case for any such Loss to the extent that it arises out of, or is based upon, an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in connection with such Registration Statement, preliminary prospectus, final prospectus or amendments or supplements thereto, in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished expressly for use in connection with such registration by any such Holder or such Holder’s directors and officers, participating Person or controlling Person.
 
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(b)   Each Holder requesting or joining in a registration, severally and not jointly, shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of its directors and officers, and each Person who participates in the offering of such Registrable Securities, including agents and underwriters (as defined in the Securities Act), and each other Person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act against any Losses to they may become subject, under the Securities Act or otherwise, insofar as such Losses (or proceedings in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in such Registration Statement on the effective date thereof (including any prospectus filed under Rule 424 under the Securities Act or any amendments or supplements thereto and any information contained in a form of prospectus or prospectus supplement that is deemed to be a part of a Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act) or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in such Registration Statement, preliminary or final prospectus, or amendments or supplements thereto, in reasonable reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished by or on behalf of such Holder expressly for use in connection with such registration; and each such Holder shall reimburse any legal and other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company or any such director, officer, controlling Person, agent or underwriter (but not in excess of expenses incurred in respect of one counsel for all of them unless there is an actual conflict of interest between any Indemnified Parties, which Indemnified Parties may be represented by separate counsel) in connection with investigating or defending any such Loss; provided , however , that the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 17.7(b) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any such Loss if such settlement is effected without the consent of such Holder (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld), and provided , further , that the liability of each Holder hereunder shall be limited to the aggregate proceeds received by such Holder in connection with any such registration under the Securities Act.
 
(c)   If the indemnification provided for in this Section 17.7 from the Indemnifying Party is unavailable to an Indemnified Party hereunder in respect of any Losses referred to therein, then the Indemnifying Party, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Party, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Party as a result of such Losses in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the Indemnifying Party and Indemnified Party in connection with the actions which resulted in such Losses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.  The relative fault of such Indemnifying Party and Indemnified Party shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any action in question, including any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact, has been made by, or relates to information supplied by, such Indemnifying Party or Indemnified Party, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such action.  The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the Losses referred to above shall be deemed to include any legal and other fees or expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with any investigation or proceeding.  If the allocation provided in this Section 17.7(c) is not permitted by applicable Law, the parties shall contribute based upon the relevant benefits received by the Company from the initial offering of the securities, on the one hand, and the net proceeds received by the Holders from the sale of securities, on the other hand.
 
 
The parties hereto agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 17.7(c) were determined by pro rata   allocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph.  No Person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.
 
(d)   Any Person entitled to indemnification hereunder (the “ Indemnified Party ”) agrees to give prompt written notice to the indemnifying party (the “ Indemnifying Party ”) after the receipt by the Indemnified Party of any written notice of the commencement of any Action or threat thereof made in writing for which the Indemnified Party intends to claim indemnification or contribution pursuant to this Agreement; provided , however , that the failure so to notify the Indemnifying Party shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of any liability that it may have to the Indemnified Party hereunder unless and to the extent such failure is materially prejudicial to the Indemnifying Party.  If notice of commencement of any such Action is given to the Indemnifying Party as above provided, the Indemnifying Party shall be entitled to participate in and, to the extent it may wish, to assume the defense of such Action at its own expense, with counsel chosen by it and reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Party.  The Indemnified Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such Action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be paid by the Indemnified Party unless (i) the Indemnifying Party agrees to pay the same, (ii) the Indemnifying Party fails to assume the defense of such Action, or (iii) the named parties to any such Action (including any impleaded parties) have been advised by such counsel that either (A) representation of such Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party by the same counsel would be inappropriate under applicable standards of professional conduct or (B) there are one or more legal defenses available to it which are substantially different from or additional to those available to the Indemnifying Party.  No Indemnifying Party shall be liable for any settlement entered into without its written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld and no Indemnifying Party shall be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one counsel.
 
(e)   The agreements contained in this Section 17.7 shall survive the transfer of the Registrable Securities by any Holder and sale of all the Registrable Securities pursuant to any Registration Statement and shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Holder or such director, officer or participating or controlling Person.
 
17.8   Certain Additional Limitations on Registration Rights .  Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Agreement, the Company shall not be obligated to register the Registrable Securities of any Holder (a) if such Holder or any underwriter of such Registrable Securities shall fail to furnish to the Company necessary information in respect of the distribution of such Registrable Securities, or (b) if such registration involves an underwritten offering, such Registrable Securities are not included in such underwritten offering on the same terms and conditions as shall be applicable to the other securities being sold through underwriters in the registration or such Holder fails to enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form with the underwriter or underwriters selected for such underwritten offering.  In addition, each Holder agrees not to effect any public sale or distribution of any Registrable Securities or of any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such Registrable Securities, including a sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, and to enter into a customary lock-up agreement with the managing underwriter for an offering, during the 90-day period beginning on the effective date of any Demand Registration Statement or Piggy-Back Registration Statement or other underwritten offering (except as part of such registration), if and to the extent requested by the managing underwriter for such offering and if the Company enters into similar agreements.
 
17.9   Selection of Managing Underwriters .  In the event the Participating Demand Holders have requested an underwritten offering, the underwriter or underwriters shall be selected by the Company and shall be approved by the Holders of a majority of the shares being so registered, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.
 
17.10   Clear Market .  If any underwritten offering of Registrable Securities is effected by Holders pursuant to this Agreement, the Company agrees not to effect (other than pursuant to such registration or pursuant to a Special Registration) any public sale or distribution, or to file any Shelf Registration Statement (other than such registration or a Special Registration) covering shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock, during the period not to exceed ten days prior and 90 days following the effective date of such offering or such longer period up to 180 days as may be requested by the managing underwriter for such underwritten offering. The Company also agrees to cause such of its directors and senior executive officers to execute and deliver customary lock-up agreements in such form and for such time period up to 90 days as may be requested by the managing underwriter.
 
17

SECTION 18.   Miscellaneous
 
18.1   Notices .   All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given (and shall be deemed to have been duly given upon receipt) by delivery in person, by an internationally recognized courier service, by fax or by registered or certified mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) to the respective parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified by notice given in accordance with this Section 18.1 :
 
If to any Holder, at its last known address appearing on the books of the Company maintained for such purpose.
 
If to the Company, at
 
One Dauch Drive
 
Detroit, Michigan 48211
 
Attention:  General Counsel
 
Facsimile:  (313) 758-3897 
 
with a copy to:
 
Shearman & Sterling LLP
 
599 Lexington Avenue
 
New York, NY 10022
 
Attention:   Peter D. Lyons, Esq.
 
Facsimile:   (212) 848-7179
 
or at such other address as may be substituted by notice given as herein provided.
 
18.2   Specific Performance .  The parties hereto agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event any provision of the Agreement was not performed in accordance with the terms hereof and that the parties hereto shall be entitled to specific performance of the terms hereof, in addition to any other remedy at law or in equity.
 
18.3   Amendment .  This Agreement may not be amended or modified except (i) in an instrument in writing signed by, or on behalf of, the Company and the Majority Holders or (ii) by a waiver in accordance with Section 18.4 .
 
18.4   Waiver .  Any party to this Agreement may (i) extend the time for the performance of any of the obligations or other acts of the other party, (ii) waive any inaccuracies in the representations and warranties of the other party contained herein or in any document delivered by the other party pursuant hereto or (iii) waive compliance with any of the agreements of the other party or conditions to such party’s obligations contained herein.  Any such extension or waiver shall be valid only if set forth in an instrument in writing signed by the party to be bound thereby.  Any waiver of any term or condition shall not be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach or a subsequent waiver of the same term or condition, or a waiver of any other term or condition of this Agreement.  The failure of either party hereto to assert any of its rights hereunder shall not constitute a waiver of any of such rights.
 
18.5   Successors and Assigns .  This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the parties hereto as hereinafter provided.  The registration rights of any Holder with respect to any Registrable Securities shall be transferred to any Person who is the transferee of such Registrable Securities as provided under this Agreement.  All of the obligations of the Company hereunder shall survive any such transfer.
 
18.6   Headings .  The descriptive headings and subheadings in this Agreement are included for convenience and identification only and are in no way intended to describe, interpret, define or limit the scope, extent or intent of this Agreement or any provision hereof.
 
18

18.7   Governing Law; Jurisdiction .  This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the Laws of the State of Michigan.  All Actions arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall be heard and determined exclusively in any federal court sitting in Wayne County, Michigan; provided , however , that if such federal court does not have jurisdiction over such Action, such Action shall be heard and determined exclusively in any state court sitting in Wayne County, Michigan.  Consistent with the preceding sentence, the parties hereto hereby (a) submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of any federal or state court sitting in Wayne County, Michigan for the purpose of any Action arising out of or relating to this Agreement brought by any party hereto and (b) irrevocably waive, and agree not to assert by way of motion, defense, or otherwise, in any such Action, any claim that it is not subject personally to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts, that its property is exempt or immune from attachment or execution, that the Action is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the Action is improper, or that this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement may not be enforced in or by any of the above-named courts.
 
18.8   Severability .  If any term or other provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any Law, or public policy, all other terms and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement is not affected in any manner materially adverse to either party hereto.  Upon a determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement be consummated as originally contemplated to the fullest extent possible.
 
18.9   Entire Agreement .  This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the parties hereto pertaining to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings pertaining thereto.
 
18.10   No Third Party Beneficiaries .  This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure solely to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and nothing herein, express or implied (except as provided in Section 17.7 relating to indemnified parties), is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever, including any rights of employment for any specified period, under or by reason of this Agreement.
 
18.11   Termination .  This Agreement shall terminate on the Expiration Date, after which time this Agreement and all Warrants shall no longer be of any force or effect; provided , however , that this Agreement will terminate on such earlier date on which all outstanding Warrants have been exercised; provided , further , that provisions of Sections 15, 16 and 17 and this Section 18 shall survive such termination; provided , further , that the rights and obligations under Section 17 shall, except for Section 17.7 , terminate upon the earlier of (i) all Registerable Securities having been exchanged or disposed, (ii) all Registerable Securities being eligible to be sold pursuant to Rule 144 (or any similar provision then in force, but not Rule 144A) under the Securities Act without being subject to any restrictions under such rule, and (iii) all Registerable Securities ceasing to be outstanding.
 
18.12   Interpretation and Rules of Construction .  In this Agreement, except to the extent otherwise provided or that the context otherwise requires:
 
(a)   when a reference is made in this Agreement to a Section, such reference is to a Section of this Agreement unless otherwise indicated;
 
(b)   whenever the words “include,” “includes” or “including” are used in this Agreement, they are deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation”;
 
(c)   the words “hereof,” “herein” and “hereunder” and words of similar import, when used in this Agreement, refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement;
 
(d)   the definitions contained in this Agreement are applicable to the singular as well as the plural forms of such terms; and
 
(e)   references to a Person are also to its successors and permitted assigns.
 
18.13   Counterparts .  This Agreement may be executed and delivered (including by facsimile transmission) in two or more counterparts, and by the different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.
 

 
NYDOCS02/877498.12
 
19

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed, as of the day and year first above written.
 
AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.


           By: /s/___________________________
 
Name: Authorized Signatory
 
Title:




GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY


           By: _/s/___________________________
 
Name:  Authorized Signatory
 
Title:

 
20

 



EXHIBIT A
Form of Warrant Certificate

[Face of Warrant Certificate]

 
THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR ANY APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, AND ACCORDINGLY, SUCH SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED, TRANSFERRED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION PROVISIONS OF APPLICABLE FEDERAL AND STATE SECURITIES LAWS OR APPLICABLE EXEMPTIONS THEREFROM.

 
THE TRANSFER OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE IS SUBJECT TO THE CONDITIONS SPECIFIED IN THAT CERTAIN WARRANT AGREEMENT DATED AS OF SEPTEMBER 16, 2009, BY AND BETWEEN AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION, AS THE ISSUER, AND GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY, A DELAWARE CORPORATION, AS HOLDER, AS SUCH WARRANT AGREEMENT MAY BE MODIFIED AND SUPPLEMENTED AND IN EFFECT FROM TIME TO TIME, AND NO TRANSFER OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE SHALL BE VALID OR EFFECTIVE UNTIL SUCH CONDITIONS HAVE BEEN FULFILLED.  THE HOLDER OF THIS CERTIFICATE, BY ACCEPTANCE OF THIS CERTIFICATE, AGREES TO BE BOUND BY THE PROVISIONS OF SUCH WARRANT AGREEMENT.

No. of Warrants:  Warrant No: ­­__

WARRANT
TO PURCHASE SHARES OF
AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

This certifies that   , or its registered assigns, is the registered holder (the “ Holder ”) of [___] warrants (the “ Warrants ”) of American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), that would entitle the Holder, upon proper exercise, during Exercise Period (as defined in below) to receive from the Company [_____] shares (the “ Warrant Shares ”) of Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“ Common Stock ”), at the Exercise Price (as defined below).  The Exercise Period shall mean the period commencing on September 16, 2009 and continuing until 5:00 p.m., New York City Time, on September 16, 2014. The Exercise Price shall mean $2.76 per Warrant Share an shall be payable (i) by wire transfer of immediately available funds in United States Dollars or (ii) by certified or official bank check for United States Dollars made payable to the order of “American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc.”  The Exercise Price is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events set forth in the Warrant Agreement.  No Warrant may be exercised after 5:00 p.m., New York City Time, on September 16, 2014, and to the extent not exercised by such time such Warrants shall become void.  Reference is made to the further provisions of this Warrant Certificate set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as though fully set forth at this place.  This Warrant Certificate shall be governed and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York.

 
21

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant Certificate No.[__] to be signed by the undersigned President and the undersigned Secretary of the Company and has caused its corporation seal to be imprinted hereon.
 
Dated:
 
AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
 
 
[corporation seal]
 
   
By:
 
______________________________
______________________________
President
Secretary


 
22

 

[Reverse of Warrant Certificate]
 
AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC. (WARRANT)
 
By accepting a Warrant Certificate, each Holder shall be bound by all of the terms and provisions of the Warrant Agreement (a copy of which is available on request to the Secretary of the Company) and any amendments thereto as fully and effectively as if such Holder had signed the same.
 
The Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate are part of a duly authorized issue of Warrants by the Company expiring at 5:00 p.m., New York City Time, on September 16, 2014, entitling the Holder upon proper exercise to receive Warrant Shares and are issued or to be issued pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, which Warrant Agreement is hereby incorporated by reference in and made a part of this instrument and is hereby referred to for a description of the rights, limitation of rights, obligations, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company and each Holder of the Warrants.
 
The Holder of the Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate may exercise them by surrendering this Warrant Certificate, with the form of election to purchase set forth below on this Warrant Certificate properly completed and executed, together with payment of the aggregate Exercise Price in accordance with the provisions set forth on the face of this Warrant Certificate.  In the event that upon any exercise of Warrants evidenced hereby the number of Warrants exercised shall be less than the total number of Warrants evidenced hereby, there shall be issued to the Holder hereof or his assignee a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the number of Warrants not exercised.
 
The Warrant Agreement provides that upon the occurrence of certain events the Exercise Price and the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant, each as set forth on the face hereof, may, subject to certain conditions, be adjusted.  No fractions of a Warrant Share will be issued upon the exercise of any Warrant, but the Company will pay the cash value in lieu thereof determined as provided in the Warrant Agreement.
 
Warrant Certificates, when surrendered to the Company by the Holder thereof in person or by legal representative or attorney duly authorized in writing, may be exchanged, in the manner and subject to the limitations provided in the Warrant Agreement, but without payment of any service charge, for another Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates of like tenor evidencing in the aggregate a like number of Warrants.
 
Upon due presentation for registration of transfer of this Warrant Certificate to the Company a new Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates of like tenor and evidencing in the aggregate a like number of Warrants shall be issued to the transferee(s) in exchange for this Warrant Certificate, subject to the limitations provided in the Warrant Agreement, without charge except for any tax or other governmental charge imposed in connection therewith.
 
The Company may deem and treat the Holder(s) hereof as the absolute owner(s) of this Warrant Certificate (notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing hereon made by anyone), for the purpose of any exercise hereof, of any distribution to the Holder(s) hereof, and for all other purposes, and the Company shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary.
 
The Warrant Agreement permits, with certain exceptions therein provided, the supplementing or amendment thereof at any time by the Company with the written consent of the Majority Holders.  Any such consent by or on behalf of a Holder shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of this Warrant and any Warrant issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange thereof whether or not notation of such consent is made upon such Warrant or any other Warrant.
 

 
23

 

[Form of Assignment to be Executed if Holder
 
Desires to Transfer Warrants Evidenced Hereby]
 
ASSIGNMENT
(To Be Executed by the Holder in Order to Assign Warrants)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED the undersigned hereby sell(s), assign(s) and transfer(s) unto
 
PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY, TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
OR OTHER IDENTIFYING NUMBER OF ASSIGNEE
 
(PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE NAME AND ADDRESS, INCLUDING POSTAL ZIP CODE OF ASSIGNEE)
 
of the Warrants represented by this Warrant Certificate, and hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints ____________________________________________________ Attorney to transfer this Warrant Certificate on the books of the Company, with full power of substitution in the premises.

Dated:_______, ______
_______________________________________________________
Signature(s)*
   
 
_______________________________________________________
   
 
_______________________________________________________
(Social Security or Taxpayer Identification Number)
   

 
24

 

[Form of Election to Purchase, To Be Executed Upon Exercise Of Warrant]
 
NOTICE OF EXERCISE
 
(To Be Executed by the Holder in Order to Exercise Warrants)
 
 
p            The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise the right, represented by this Warrant Certificate, to receive Common Stock and herewith tenders payment for such Common Stock to the order of American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. in the amount of $[__] per share of Common Stock in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement, in cash or by certified or official bank check made payable to the order of the Company.
 
 
p            The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise the right, represented by this Warrant Certificate, to receive Common Stock and hereby elect to use the “cashless exercise” option to purchase the shares of Common Stock under Section 7.6 of the Warrant Agreement.
 
 
The undersigned requests that a certificate for such Common Stock be registered in the name of:
 

PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY
OR OTHER IDENTIFYING NUMBER
 
and be delivered to:                                                                                                                                          
(PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE NAME AND ADDRESS, INCLUDING POSTAL ZIP CODE OF ASSIGNEE)


and, if such number of Warrants shall not be all the Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate, that a new Warrant Certificate for the balance of such Warrants be registered in the name of, and delivered to, the Holder at the address stated below:
 

(PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE ADDRESS)
 
Dated:_______, ______
_______________________________________________________
Signature(s)*
   
 
_______________________________________________________
   
 
_______________________________________________________
(Social Security or Taxpayer Identification Number)
   

 
25

 

10-Q
EXECUTION COPY

SETTLEMENT AND
 
COMMERCIAL AGREEMENT
 
This Settlement and Commercial Agreement (this “ Agreement ”) is entered into as of September 16, 2009 (the “ Effective Date ”), by and among General Motors Company (“ GM ”), a Delaware corporation, American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ AAM Holdings ”), and American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc., a Delaware corporation, on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries and affiliates (“ AAM ”).  GM, AAM Holdings or AAM may be individually referred to herein as a “ Party ” or collectively, as the “ Parties ”.
 
Recitals
 
WHEREAS, on June 1, 2009 Motors Liquidation Company (f/k/a General Motors Corporation) (“ Liquidation Company ”) and certain of its subsidiaries commenced Case No. 09-50026 currently pending before the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “ Bankruptcy Court ”);
 
WHEREAS, on July 5, 2009 the Bankruptcy Court entered an order (the “ Sale Order ”) approving the sale of substantially all of Liquidation Company’s assets to GM pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 363 (the “ 363 Transaction ”); and
 
WHEREAS, in connection with the 363 Transaction and the assumption of certain executory contracts between AAM and Liquidation Company by Liquidation Company and subsequent assignment of such contracts to GM, the Parties desire to resolve and settle certain outstanding commercial issues and modify the supply relationship among the Parties in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration the receipt and sufficiency of which the Parties acknowledge, GM, AAM Holdings and AAM agree as follows:
 
1.   ACCOMMODATIONS
 
 
1.1   Second Lien Term Loan Financing .
 
GM shall make available to AAM a delayed draw term loan facility in a maximum principal amount of up to $100,000,000.00 (the “ Second Lien Term Loan ”), pursuant to the terms and conditions of a loan agreement to be entered into among GM, AAM Holdings and AAM in the form of the attached Exhibit 1.1 (the “ Second Lien Term Loan Agreement ”), and certain ancillary agreements and documents as described in the Second Lien Term Loan Agreement (collectively, with the Second Lien Term Loan Agreement, the “ Second Lien Term Loan Documents ”).
 
AAM agrees that (i) on the Effective Date, it will execute the Second Lien Term Loan Documents, (ii) AAM may not terminate the Second Lien Term Loan facility until June 30, 2011, and (iii) if AAM requires additional liquidity that cannot be satisfied utilizing (a) expedited payments provided under Section 1.5(g) , (b) the proceeds from sales of common equity, (c) the proceeds from the issuance of equity linked securities if not prohibited under Section 6.01 of the Second Lien Term Loan Agreement, (d) cash flow generated by AAM from its ordinary course business operations, (e) the availability existing from time to time under the revolving credit agreement governing the Revolving Debt (the “ Revolving Credit Agreement ”), (f) the incurrence of indebtedness permitted under Section(s) 6.01(a)(vii) and/or 6.01(a)(v) of the Second Lien Term Loan Agreement, or (g) any Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness (as defined in the Second Lien Term Loan Agreement) in an amount incurred to refinance any of the Senior Debt, AAM will fully borrow all amounts under the Second Lien Term Loan Documents before borrowing any additional amounts (assuming availability exists under the Second Lien Term Loan Documents); provided , however that AAM may only seek liquidity from a source permitted under (c), (e) or (f) above, if, at the time, the sum of (i) AAM’s indebtedness outstanding under the Revolving Debt and Term Debt, plus (ii) any amounts provided as a result of AAM’s utilization of (c), (e) or (f) above, does not exceed, in the aggregate, the Senior Debt Cap (as defined below), plus the aggregate principal amount of the indebtedness outstanding as of the Effective Date as set forth on Schedule 6.01 to the Second Lien Term Loan Agreement.  If AAM borrows under the Second Lien Term Loan facility, AAM may not prepay the amounts outstanding thereunder until June 30, 2011 unless the source of such prepayment is proceeds in respect of sub-section (d) above.
 
AAM further agrees that for the period commencing on the Effective Date and continuing through AAM’s termination of the Second Lien Term Loan facility in accordance with the terms of this Agreement:
 
(a)   it will not increase the aggregate principal amount of the Revolving Debt and Term Debt (as each are defined below) (collectively, the “ Senior Debt ”) in excess of the Senior Debt Cap (defined below); provided , that the foregoing will not prohibit the capitalization of interest or other fees.  The following terms shall have the indicated meanings:  (i) “ Senior Debt Cap ” means $726.9 million, (ii) “ Revolving Debt ” means the amounts outstanding under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of January 9, 2004, as amended and restated as of November 7, 2008, and as further amended and restated as of September 16, 2009, among AAM, AAM Holdings, the Lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and Banc of America Securities LLC, and (iii) “ Term Debt ” means the amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, dated as of June 14, 2009, as amended and restated as of September 16, 2009, among AAM, AAM Holdings, the Lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and Banc of America Securities LLC; and
 
(b)   if any Senior Debt is refinanced prior to its scheduled maturity, such refinanced debt and any other Senior Debt will not exceed, in the aggregate, the Senior Debt Cap.
 
1.2   Commercial Accommodation Payment; Release .
 
(a)   On the Effective Date, GM shall make a one-time payment to AAM of $110,000,000.00 (the “ Commercial Accommodation Payment ”) via wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated in writing by AAM in consideration of (i) AAM’s agreement to GM’s decision not to source to AAM the […***…] program and (ii) any and all
 
*** CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED
 

 
1

 

payments associated with (a) the assumption of the Assumed Agreements and the Modified Assumed Agreements (as each are defined below), in each case, as are required to “cure” any defaults under 11 U.S.C. § 365, (b) the termination of the Terminated Agreements (as defined below), and (c) the acknowledgement of performance of the Performed Agreements (as defined below) and the release in subsection (b) below.
 
(b)   On the Effective Date, AAM hereby fully and forever releases and discharges GM, Liquidation Company, GM’s and Liquidation Company’s respective subsidiaries and affiliates, and each of their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, successors and assigns (the “ Released Parties ”), from all manner of action and causes of action, suits, damages and rights whatsoever, in law or in equity, existing or accrued as of the date hereof, whether known or unknown, by reason of, or arising out of or in any way related or connected to the agreements or programs referenced in Sections 1.2(a)(i) and (ii) above.  AAM hereby covenants that AAM will refrain from commencing any suit, prosecuting any pending action or suit, or participating or assisting in any manner in the commencement or prosecution of any action or suit, in law or in equity, against any of the Released Parties on account of any action or cause of action released hereby.
 
1.3   OPEB Obligations .
 
AAM and GM will negotiate in good faith for the settlement of GM’s reimbursement and other obligations to AAM for any post-retirement health care, life insurance and other post-retirement welfare benefits of any kind for UAW represented and non-UAW represented current and former AAM employees and their spouses, dependents and beneficiaries (collectively, the “ OPEB ”) arising out of or relating to that certain Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as February 8, 1994 by and between Liquidation Company and AAM, and that certain Agreement, dated May 3, 2008, as amended May 16, 2008 by and between Liquidation Company and AAM or any other existing agreement between Liquidation Company and AAM (the “ OPEB Obligations ”).
 
1.4   Warrants .
 
(a)   As of the Effective Date, AAM Holdings shall issue to GM warrants (the “ Warrants ”) to purchase 4,093,729 shares of common stock, representing 7.4% of the outstanding common stock of AAM Holdings (the “ Initial Warrants ”), as described in the warrant agreement dated as of the Effective Date (the “ Warrant Agreement ”) which shall include registration rights and standstill provisions, in the form of the attached Exhibit 1.4(a) .
 
(b)   In the event that AAM elects to make a draw pursuant to the terms and conditions of Second Lien Term Loan Agreement, AAM Holdings shall, as a condition precedent to each draw, issue Warrants to GM to purchase a pro rata portion of an additional 6,915,083 shares of common stock of AAM Holdings based upon the amount of each Second Lien Term Loan drawn (the “ Potential Subsequent Warrants ”), in the form of the attached Exhibit 1.4(a) .  For clarification, if AAM makes a draw of $25,000,000 on the Second Lien Term Loan, AAM will issue Warrants to GM representing 1,728,771 shares of common stock of AAM Holdings (25% of 6,915,083 shares).
 
1.5   Commercial Agreements .
 
(a)   Agreements .
 
(1)   Assumed Agreements .  GM shall promptly cause the agreements between Liquidation Company and AAM set forth on Schedule 1 (collectively, the “ Assumed Agreements ”) to be assumed by Liquidation Company according to their respective terms without modification and assigned to GM as of the Effective Date.  Upon receipt of the Commercial Accommodation Payment, the foregoing assumption and assignment of the Assumed Agreements shall be deemed in full and final satisfaction of all of the requirements of 11 U.S.C. § 365, including, without limitation, the requirement to effect any further “cure” within the meaning of 11 U.S.C. § 365.  On the Effective Date, GM shall cause the GM contracts website to update the status of the Assumed Agreements to “Assumed” and no further act or requirement shall be necessary to evidence the assignment and assumption of the Assumed Agreements to GM.
 
(2)   Terminated Agreements .  The Parties agree that the agreements between Liquidation Company and AAM set forth on Schedule 2 (collectively, the “ Terminated Agreements ”) shall be deemed terminated and of no further force and effect and all parties’ obligations thereunder, if any, will be deemed fully and finally satisfied as of the Effective Date.
 
(3)   Modified Assumed Agreements .  GM shall promptly cause the agreements between Liquidation Company and AAM set forth on Schedule 3 (collectively, the “ Modified Assumed Agreements ”) to be assumed by Liquidation Company according to their respective terms, except that, upon assumption, the Modified Assumed Agreements shall be deemed modified by the parties’ agreements set forth in this Section 1.5 , and assigned to GM.  Upon AAM’s receipt of the Commercial Accommodation Payment, the foregoing modification and assignment of the Modified Assumed Agreements shall be deemed in full and final satisfaction of all of the requirements of 11 U.S.C. § 365, including, without limitation, the requirement to effect any further “cure” under 11 U.S.C. § 365.
 
(4)   Reservation of Rights .  The Parties agree that AAM’s entry into this Agreement shall not be deemed to constitute a waiver of any of AAM’s rights against Liquidation Company other than with respect to the Assumed Agreements, the Terminated Agreements and the Modified Assumed Agreements; provided, that nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to modify, alter or amend Liquidation Company’s rights, claims and defenses in respect thereof.
 
(5)   Treatment of Existing, Future and New Business .
 
[…***…]
 
*** CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED
 

 
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(E)   Past Performance .  The Parties agree that the agreements set forth on Schedule 6 (collectively, the “ Performed Agreements ”) have been fully performed by each of the respective parties to the Performed Agreements as of the Effective Date and, in the case of each of, AAM, AAM Holdings or GM, no Party has any rights, claims or obligations arising out of or relating to the Performed Agreements.
 
[…***…]
 
(c)   Cost Transparency .  AAM shall complete to GM’s reasonable satisfaction all 1804 and 1810 forms that relate to all business subject to a GM New Lifetime Program Contract, and GM shall have the right to audit to confirm the components of the 1804/1810 forms in accordance with GM’s standard “Right to Audit” clause contained on GM’s standard form purchase order contracts.  A representative copy of a fully completed 1804/1810 form is attached as Exhibit 1.5(c) hereto and any 1804/1810 form submitted by AAM containing less detail than as set forth on the attached example will not be deemed to comport with the requirements of this Section 1.5(c) .
 
[…***…]
 
(e)   Cost Reduction .  AAM shall participate in GM’s standard technical cost reduction program (including, without limitation, the program’s existing allocations) for future cost reductions proposed by either AAM or GM, as the case may be, after the Effective Date.
 
[…***…]
 
(g)   Payment Terms .  For component and service parts received by GM on or after August 1, 2009, and continuing through December 31, 2013, AAM shall have the option, upon written notice to GM, to receive payment terms of “net 10 days” or approximately equivalent expedited basis for shipments of component and service parts following receipt in exchange for a 1.0% early payment discount; […***…].
 
[…***…]
 

 
*** CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED
 

 
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1.6   Access and Security Agreement .
 
AAM and GM shall enter into an Access and Security Agreement in the form of the attached Exhibit 1.6 (the “ Access and Security Agreement ”) on or prior to the date on which AAM invokes the expedited payment terms provided in Section 1.5(g) of this Agreement and, in any event, on or before the Effective Date.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, on March 31, 2011, the Term of the Access and Security Agreement shall be automatically extended through March 31, 2012 if AAM Holdings fails to achieve a Secured Debt Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of the lesser of (i) 3.5 to 1.0 and (ii) such lower ratio on which AAM Holdings and the Revolving Lenders agree in the amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement entered into as of the Effective Date, measured as of March 31, 2011 (without regard to any subsequent waiver, amendment, forbearance or modification to such covenant granted by the Revolving Lenders).
 
1.7   Executive Compensation .
 
Beginning with the 2009 calendar year and continuing until 90 days following the later to occur of (a) the repayment and termination of the Second Lien Term Loan in accordance with the terms of the Second Lien Term Loan Agreement and (b) the termination of the expedited payment terms provided in Section 1.5(g) of this Agreement, AAM and its affiliates shall limit the total compensation of each current or former employee of, current or former non-employee director of, and current or former non-employee service provider to, AAM or any affiliate, pursuant to any base salary, bonus, incentive, stock option, stock appreciation right, restricted stock, excess benefit, SERP-type or other type of deferred compensation (whether or not subject to Internal Revenue Code section 409A), severance, employment, consulting, life insurance, or other type of formal or informal, written or unwritten, agreement, policy, program, employee benefit plan, or like arrangement, to $3,000,000 for each full calendar year, determined on a paid basis with respect to base salary or with respect to annual bonus or other annual compensation, or using the grant date fair value or the target payment value, as applicable, of long-term incentive or other equity-based or similar awards granted during the calendar year, or using the present value determined in accordance with GAAP of any other amount with respect to which a legally binding right is created in the calendar year.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the payment, in accordance with the current terms of the applicable plan, contract or arrangement, of any amount of deferred compensation or other compensation that was earned and vested prior to 2009 and the payment or accrual during and after 2009, in accordance with a legally binding right created prior to 2009 pursuant to the current terms of any plan, contract or arrangement in effect on the date hereof, shall be excluded from the calculation of amounts counting against the foregoing $3,000,000 limitation and shall not otherwise be subject to the payment restrictions contained herein.
 
1.8   Golden Parachutes .
 
AAM and each affiliate shall terminate all existing “golden parachute”, change of control, retention, and similar types of agreements or arrangements with any employee of, non-employee director of, or non-employee service provider to, AAM or any affiliate of AAM (“ Golden Parachute Arrangements ”).  Continuing until 90 days following the later to occur of (a) the repayment and termination of the Second Lien Term Loan in accordance with the terms of the Second Lien Term Loan Agreement and (b) the termination of expedited payment terms provided in Section 1.5(g) of this Agreement, AAM and each affiliate shall not enter into any Golden Parachute Arrangements with any current or former employee of, current or former non-employee director of, and current or former non-employee service provider to, AAM or any affiliate of AAM.
 
2.   DELIVERIES
 
 
The Parties shall, in addition to other items specified elsewhere in this Agreement, take the following actions on the Effective Date, the satisfaction of each of which is a condition precedent to the effectiveness of this Agreement:
 
(a)   GM, AAM and AAM Holdings shall execute and deliver the Second Lien Term Loan Documents to which each is a party and AAM shall cause its subsidiaries and affiliates to execute and deliver to GM any Second Lien Term Loan Documents to which such subsidiary or affiliate is a party;
 
(b)   GM shall make the Commercial Accommodation Payment;
 
(c)   AAM Holdings shall execute and deliver to GM the Initial Warrants;
 
(d)   GM and AAM shall execute and deliver the Warrant Agreement;
 
(e)   GM and AAM shall execute and deliver the Access and Security Agreement and all acknowledgments required thereunder; and
 
(f)   AAM and AAM Holdings shall deliver fully executed copies of the amendments to the Revolving Debt and Term Debt credit facility documents.
 
3.   EVENTS OF DEFAULT
 
 
The occurrence of one or more of the following shall be “ Events of Default ”, or individually, an “ Event of Default ” hereunder, unless a waiver or deferral is agreed to in writing, in each instance, by the Party having the right to exercise remedies pursuant to Section 4 of this Agreement as a result of such Event of Default:
 
(a)   AAM or AAM Holdings, as the case may be, becomes the subject of a voluntary or involuntary petition in bankruptcy or any proceeding relating to insolvency, receivership, liquidation, or composition for the benefit of creditors, which petition or proceeding is not dismissed with prejudice within sixty (60) days after filing;
 
(b)   AAM or AAM Holdings breaches or fails to perform any express agreement, covenant, term or condition of this Agreement or any Related Agreement (as defined in Section 6(a) below) (except for the Second Lien Term Loan Agreement and the Access and Security Agreement) and fails to cure that breach within 5 days after receiving written notice of the breach;
 
(c)   an “Event of Default” occurs under the Second Lien Term Loan Agreement (without regard to any “standstill period” provided for under any Intercreditor Agreement (or related agreement) among any one or more of AAM Holdings, AAM, any secured lender(s) to AAM Holdings and/or AAM, as the case may be, and GM) or the Access and Security Agreement;
 
(d)   One or more of AAM’s or AAM Holding’s loan facilities in respect of which the indebtedness outstanding thereunder exceeds $5,000,000 USD (other than the Second Lien Loan Agreement) expire or are terminated without AAM or AAM Holding providing to GM written evidence of a binding substitute financing commitment relating to such expired or terminated loan facility, which written evidence of binding substitute financing commitment has not expired or been terminated, and the consequence of such expiration or termination of the loan facility(ies) and failure to provide a written substitute financing commitment is the substantial likelihood that GM’s production at any one or more of GM’s assembly plants worldwide may be imminently interrupted; or
 
(e)   GM breaches or fails to perform any express agreement, covenant, term or condition of this Agreement or any Related Agreement (except for the Second Lien Term Loan Agreement and the Access and Security Agreement), and fails to cure that breach within 5 days after receiving written notice of the breach.
 
 
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4.   REMEDIES
 
 
(a)   Upon an Event of Default pursuant to Sections 3(a) , 3(b) , 3(c) or 3(d) , GM shall be entitled to exercise all rights and remedies available to it under this Agreement, applicable law, or at equity.  All of GM’s rights and remedies under this Agreement are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights and remedies under any other agreement, including, without limitation, the Related Agreements, the New GM Lifetime Program Contracts, and the GM Long-Term Contracts, or under applicable law or at equity all of which rights and remedies, in each case, are expressly reserved.
 
(b)   Upon an Event of Default pursuant to Section 3(e) of this Agreement, AAM shall be entitled to exercise all rights and remedies available to it under applicable law or at equity; provided that , with respect to an Event of Default resulting from a breach of the expedited payment terms in accordance with Section 1.5(g) above, if such breach has not been cured within the cure period set forth in Section 3(e) , GM and AAM shall promptly arrange a meeting between a representative of AAM and GM’s Chief Financial Officer of Global Purchasing and Supply Chain, and the Parties shall attempt to resolve such dispute in good faith prior to AAM exercising any other remedy available to it under this Agreement, the New GM Lifetime Program Contracts, or under applicable law or at equity.
 
5.   TOOLING ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 
 
5.1   AAM acknowledges and agrees that exclusive of AAM Owned Tooling (as defined below) and Unpaid Tooling (as defined below), all tooling, dies, test and assembly fixtures, jigs, gauges, patterns, casting patterns, cavities, molds, and documentation, including engineering specifications, PPAP books, and test reports together with any accessions, attachments, parts, accessories, substitutions, replacements, and appurtenances thereto (collectively, “ Tooling ”) used by AAM in connection with its manufacture of Component Parts (collectively, the “ GM Owned Tooling ”) are owned by GM and are being held by AAM or, to the extent AAM has transferred the GM Owned Tooling to third parties, by such third parties, as bailees at will.  Upon payment in full of the applicable purchase order price for any item of Unpaid Tooling, such item shall thereafter be included in the definition of the GM Owned Tooling under this Agreement; provided , however , that nothing in this Section 5 is intended to modify any of GM’s obligations to AAM on account of Unpaid Tooling.  For the purposes of this Section 5 , the term (i) “ Unpaid Tooling ” means Tooling for which GM has not paid the applicable purchase order price for such Tooling to AAM, any of its predecessor(s)-in-interest, or to any third party on account or for the benefit of AAM, and (ii) “ AAM Owned Tooling ” means any Tooling that is neither Unpaid Tooling nor GM Owned Tooling.
 
5.2   AAM will provide to GM, within sixty (60) days after the Effective Date, a list of AAM Owned Tooling and Unpaid Tooling relating to that GM’s Component Parts (“ Tooling Lists ”).  AAM will have a period of 45 days thereafter within which to supplement the Tooling Lists regarding AAM Owned Tooling or Unpaid Tooling inadvertently omitted from the Tooling Lists, after which the Tooling Lists will become final.  GM will provide assistance to AAM in preparing the Tooling Lists as reasonably requested by AAM.  GM reserves the right to dispute any Tooling List provided by AAM.  If a GM disagrees with a Tooling List, AAM and GM will meet and attempt, in good faith, to resolve the dispute.  If the dispute cannot be resolved by AAM and GM within thirty (30) days after GM’s receipt of the Tooling List, the matter will be jointly submitted to a neutral third party on whom AAM and GM agree for expedited resolution.  The costs of the neutral third party shall be shared equally by AAM and GM.  Any Tooling used to manufacture Component Parts not included in the Tooling List will be subject to the dispute resolution mechanics set forth in Section 5.4.  If AAM fails to timely provide a Tooling List or seek GM’s consent to extend the date by which AAM must provide the Tooling Lists, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld, all Tooling will be deemed GM Owned Tooling.
 
5.3   Neither AAM nor any other person or entity other than GM has any right, title, or interest in the GM Owned Tooling other than AAM’s obligation, subject to GM’s unfettered discretion, to use the GM Owned Tooling in the manufacture of GM’s component and service parts in accordance with the GM purchase orders.  GM and its designee(s) shall have the right to take immediate possession of the GM Owned Tooling at any time at GM’s expense, without payment of any kind from GM to AAM, provided, that, GM shall promptly repair, at GM’s expense, physical damage to AAM’s equipment or AAM’s facilities directly and proximately caused by any removal of the GM Owned Tooling from AAM’s equipment or AAM’s facilities.  Should GM elect to exercise such right, AAM shall cooperate fully with GM in its taking possession of its GM Owned Tooling, including, without limitation, by allowing access to AAM’s facilities.  GM shall, within 10 business days of removal of any Tooling, provide to AAM and Lenders a detailed list of all items removed from any AAM facility.  The rights and obligations contained in this Section 5 shall continue notwithstanding the expiration or termination of this Agreement.
 
5.4   In the event of a dispute between AAM and GM over whether any Tooling is GM Owned Tooling, AAM Owned Tooling or Unpaid Tooling, the Tooling subject to the dispute will be presumed to be GM Owned Tooling pending resolution of the dispute, and GM will have the right to immediate possession of the applicable Tooling pending resolution of the dispute (and AAM may not withhold delivery of possession of the Tooling to GM pending such resolution), but the Tooling will remain subject to any lien of AAM, or any claim or right to payment of AAM for the disputed amounts (despite AAM’s relinquishment of possession).  The rights and obligations contained in this Section 5 are in addition to (and not in lieu of) the rights of GM arising out of its purchase orders, including GM’s T’s&C’s, and other agreements with AAM, and will continue in effect notwithstanding the expiration or termination of this Agreement.  In the event of a conflict between the GM’s T’s&C’s and conditions and this Section 5 , the terms and conditions of this Section 5 will control.
 
6.   REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
 
 
As of the date of this Agreement, each Party represents and warrants to the other Party the following:
 
(a)   Organization; Authority Relative to this Agreement .  Such Party is duly formed, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of its state of organization, and has the requisite power and authority to execute, deliver, and perform its obligations under this Agreement, the Warrant Agreement, and the Access and Security Agreement (collectively, the “ Related Agreements ”) and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Related Agreements.  Such Party’s execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement and the Related Agreements have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or similar governing authority.  No other action on the part of such Party or any other individual, person or entity is necessary to authorize this Agreement or the Related Agreements or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Related Agreements.  Such Party has duly and validly executed and delivered this Agreement and the Related Agreements, and this Agreement and the Related Agreements, upon execution, will constitute a valid and binding obligation of such party enforceable against such Party in accordance with its terms, except as they may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally, and except as they may be limited by general principles of equity, regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity.
 
 
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(b)   Consents and Approvals; No Violation .  Neither such Party’s execution nor delivery of this Agreement or the Related Agreements, nor such Party’s consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Related Agreements, except for such consents and approvals required in connection with AAM’s Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility, dated January 9, 2004, as amended and restated on November 7, 2008 and Credit Agreement dated as of June 14, 2007, nor such Party’s compliance with the terms and provisions of this Agreement and the Related Agreements (a) requires any authorization, consent or approval of any governmental or regulatory authority or of any other person or entity; (b) will accelerate any obligation under, violate or breach any provision of, constitute a default under, result in the creation of any lien or security interest under, result in the termination of, require the consent, authorization or approval of any third party under, or in connection with, any of the terms, covenants, provisions or conditions of any note, bond, mortgage, indenture, deed of trust, license, franchise, lease, contract, agreement or other instrument, commitment or obligation to which such party is a party; or (c) will violate any order, writ, injunction, decree, judgment or arbitration award, or any statute, rule, regulation or ruling of any court or governmental authority, United States or foreign, applicable to such party.
 
7.   MISCELLANEOUS
 
 
7.1   Assignment .
 
This Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and assigns.  No Party may assign its rights, privileges or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other Party, and any attempted assignment without the written consent of the other Party will be void, except that GM may assign or otherwise transfer this Agreement and its rights or obligations under this Agreement to any affiliated or successor company or to any purchaser of a substantial part of GM’s business to which this Agreement relates.  In addition, GM may delegate, in whole or in part, this Agreement and its rights and obligations under this Agreement to any such affiliate, successor or purchaser.  GM will provide AAM written notice of any such assignment, transfer or other delegation.
 
7.2   Notice .
 
Any notice or communication under this Agreement will be in writing and either delivered personally, sent by certified or registered mail, postage prepaid, delivered by a recognized overnight courier service, or transmitted via facsimile with confirmation receipt of such notice, addressed as follows:
 
 
If to GM:
General Motors Company
 
 
30009 Van Dyke Road
 
 
P.O. Box 9025
 
 
Mail Code 480-206-116
 
 
Warren, Michigan  48090-9025
 
 
Attention:  Christopher F. Dubay
 
 
Group Counsel, Global Purchasing &
 
 
Supply Chain
 
 
Facsimile:  (586) 575-1887
 
 
With a copy to:
Honigman Miller Schwartz and Cohn LLP
 
 
2290 First National Building
 
 
660 Woodward Avenue
 
 
Detroit, Michigan  48226
 
 
Attention:  Robert B. Weiss
 
 
Facsimile:  (313) 465-7597
 
 
If to AAM:
American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc.
 
 
One Dauch Drive
 
 
Detroit, Michigan  48211
 
 
Attention:  Patrick S. Lancaster
 
 
Facsimile:  (313) 758-4262
 
 
And to:
General Counsel
 
 
American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc.
 
 
One Dauch Drive
 
 
Detroit, Michigan  48211
 
 
Facsimile:  (313) 758-3897
 
 
Attn:  Richard Raymond
 
 
With a copy to:
Shearman & Sterling LLP
 
 
599 Lexington Avenue
 
 
New York, NY 10022
 
 
Attention:  Peter D. Lyons
 
 
Facsimile:  (646) 848-7666
 
or to such other address as may be furnished in writing by either party in the preceding manner.
 
 
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7.3   Entire Agreement .
 
This Agreement together with all exhibits and schedules hereto constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement.  No waiver, amendment or other modification of this Agreement will be valid unless evidenced by a writing signed by the Party or Parties whose rights or obligations are affected by such waiver, amendment or modification.  All rights and remedies granted in this Agreement to either Party shall be cumulative and nonexclusive of all other rights and remedies that such Party may have.
 
7.4   Press Releases and Public Announcements; Confidentiality .  The Parties shall mutually agree in advance the substance of any press release to be issued by either Party with respect to this Agreement and the Related Agreements.  Prior to the issuance of any such press release, no Party shall issue any other press release or make any other public announcement relating to the subject matter of this Agreement or the Related Agreements without the prior written consent of the Parties.  There shall be no restrictions on the Parties in commenting regarding this Agreement other than the initial press release referenced above and the confidentiality provisions set forth in this Section 7.4 .  Without limiting the other provisions of this Section 7.4 , the Parties acknowledge that the specific terms of this Agreement are of a confidential nature and no Party shall make, and each will direct its respective representatives not to make, directly or indirectly, any disclosure, whether written or oral, of the specific terms of this Agreement without the prior written approval of each other Party.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, following the issuance by AAM of the press release referred to above, any Party may make any public disclosure it believes in good faith is required by applicable law or any listing or trading agreement concerning its publicly traded securities; provided that any such Party shall use commercially reasonable efforts to provide the other Parties a minimum of 24 hours prior notice of any such public disclosure.
 
7.5   Interpretation .
 
(a)   This Agreement is being entered into among competent and experienced business persons, represented by counsel, and have been reviewed by the parties and their counsel.  Therefore, any ambiguous language in this Agreement will not necessarily be construed against any particular Party as the drafter of such language.
 
(b)   The captions and headings contained in this Agreement are solely for convenience of reference and will not affect the interpretation of any provision of this Agreement.
 
(c)   All references in this Agreement to section numbers, schedules or exhibits are references to the sections in, or schedules or exhibits to, as applicable, this Agreement.
 
7.6   Severability .
 
If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be contrary to law or unenforceable by any court of law, the provision will be reformed to provide the maximum expression of the intent of the parties permissible under law.
 
7.7   Counterparts and Effectiveness .
 
This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which take together shall constitute one and the same agreement) and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the Parties and delivered to the other Parties.  The exchange of copies of this Agreement and of signature pages by facsimile or electronic transmissions shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Agreement as to the Parties and may be used in lieu of the original Agreement for all purposes.  Signatures of the Parties transmitted by facsimile or electronic transmission shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.
 
7.8   Applicable Law; Forum .
 
This Agreement is made in the State of Michigan and will be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Michigan, without regard to principles of conflicts of laws.  The Parties agree that the federal and state courts sitting in Wayne County, Michigan, have personal jurisdiction over the Parties and that proper jurisdiction and venue for any dispute arising from or under this Agreement will be in the federal or state courts sitting in Wayne County, Michigan.
 
7.9   Third Party Beneficiary .
 
Except for Liquidation Company, which is an express third party beneficiary of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including, without limitation, the provisions of Section 1.2 , this Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Parties hereto, and nothing herein expressed or implied shall give or be construed to give any person other then the Parties hereto any legal or equitable rights hereunder.
 
7.10   JURY TRIAL WAIVER .
 
THE PARTIES HERETO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IS A CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT, BUT THAT THIS RIGHT MAY BE WAIVED.  THE PARTIES HEREBY KNOWINGLY, VOLUNTARILY AND WITHOUT DURESS, INTIMIDATION, OR COERCION, WAIVE ALL RIGHTS TO A TRIAL BY JURY OF ALL DISPUTES ARISING OUT OF OR IN RELATION TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER AGREEMENTS BETWEEN THE PARTIES EXECUTED IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT.  NO PARTY SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE RELINQUISHED THE BENEFIT OF THIS WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL UNLESS SUCH RELINQUISHMENT IS IN A WRITTEN INSTRUMENT SIGNED BY THE PARTY TO WHICH SUCH RELINQUISHMENT WILL BE CHARGED.
 
7.11   Treatment of Certain Agreements in Potential Subsequent Chapter 11
 
.
 
AAM and AAM Holdings irrevocably covenant and agree that in the event that either were to commence proceedings (a “ Chapter 11 Case ”) under chapter 11 of title 11 of the United States Code (the “ Bankruptcy Code ”) following the Effective Date, AAM and/or AAM Holdings, as the case may be, will move in the Chapter 11 Case, under section 365(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, to assume this Agreement and the Access and Security Agreement.
 
{Signatures on following page.}
 
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Settlement and Commercial Agreement as of the date first written above.
 


GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY
 
By:   /s/ MW Fischer                                                       
 
Name: M W Fischer
 
Its: Director, Supply Risk MGT
 
 
AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING, INC., on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries and affiliates
 
By:   /s/ David C. Dauch                                            
 
Name: David C. Dauch
 
Its: President & Chief Operating Officer
 
 
AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
 
                                                                                                               By:   /s/ David C. Dauch                                            
                                                                                                               Name: David C. Dauch
                                                                                                               Its: President & Chief Operating Officer






 
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Schedules
 
Schedule 1
Assumed Agreements
Schedule 2
[…***…]
Schedule 3
[…***…]
Schedule 4
[…***…]
Schedule 5
[…***…]
Schedule 6
Performed Agreements
Schedule 7
[…***…]
Schedule 8(1)
[…***…]
Schedule 8(2)
[…***…]
Schedule 9
[…***…]
Schedule 10
[…***…]
Schedule 11
[…***…]

Exhibits
 
Exhibit 1.1
Second Lien Term Loan Agreement
Exhibit 1.4(a)
Warrant Agreement
Exhibit 1.5(a)(5)(1)
GM Standard Lifetime Contract
Exhibit 1.5(a)(5)(2)
GM Terms and Conditions
Exhibit 1.5(a)(5)(3)
GM Long-Term Contract
Exhibit 1.5(c)
Form 1804 / 1810
Exhibit 1.6
Access and Security Agreement


*** CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED
 


NYDOCS01/1215580.2                                                                     
9

 

10-Q

EXECUTION VERSION

 
CREDIT AGREEMENT
 
 
dated as of
 
 
September 16, 2009
 
 
among
 
 
AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING, INC.,
 
 
AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.,
 
 
and
 
 
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY,
 
 
as Lender
 
 

 


 
 

 

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CREDIT AGREEMENT dated as of September 16, 2009, among AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING, INC., as Borrower, AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC., and GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY, as Lender.
 
WHEREAS, the Borrower has requested, and the Lender has agreed, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, to provide Borrower with a $100 million second lien term loan facility.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
 
 
ARTICLE I
 
 
Definitions
 
SECTION 1.01.   Defined Terms.
 
  As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings specified below:
 
" Account " means, collectively, (a) an "account" as such term is defined in the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in the State of New York or under other relevant law, (b) a "payment intangible" as such term is defined in the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in the State of New York or under other relevant law, and (c) the Parent's or any Subsidiary's rights to payment for goods sold or leased or services performed or rights to payment in respect of any monetary obligation owed to the Parent or any Subsidiary, including all such rights evidenced by an account, note, contract, security agreement, chattel paper, or other evidence of indebtedness or security.
 
Access Agreement ” means the Access and Security Agreement between General Motors Company and the Borrower, on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries and affiliates now existing or to be formed, of even date herewith.
 
Acquired/Disposed EBITDA ” means, with respect to any Acquired Entity or Business or any Sold Entity or Business (any of the foregoing, a “ Pro Forma Entity ”) for any period, the Consolidated Net Income of such Pro Forma Entity for such period plus (a) without duplication and to the extent deducted in determining such Consolidated Net Income for such Pro Forma Entity, the sum of (i) income tax expense for such period, (ii) gross interest expense for such period (including interest-equivalent costs associated with any Permitted Receivables Financing, whether accounted for as interest expense or loss on the sale of Receivables), (iii) depreciation and amortization expense for such period, (iv) any special charges and any extraordinary or nonrecurring losses for such period and (v) other non-cash items reducing Consolidated Net Income for such period, and minus (b) without duplication and to the extent included in determining Consolidated Net Income, (i) interest income for such period, (ii) extraordinary or nonrecurring gains for such period and (iii) other non-cash items increasing Consolidated Net Income for such period, all determined on a consolidated basis for such Pro Forma Entity in accordance with GAAP.
 
" Acquired Entity or Business " has the meaning assigned to such term in the definition of "Consolidated EBITDA.
 
Adjusted LIBO Rate ” means, with respect to any Loan for any Interest Period, an interest rate per annum (rounded upwards, if necessary, to the next 1/16 of 1%) equal to (a) the LIBO Rate for such Interest Period multiplied by (b) the Statutory Reserve Rate.
 
" Affiliate " means, with respect to a specified Person, another Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, Controls or is Controlled by or is under common Control with the Person specified.
 
Alternative Interest Rate ” means the Prime Rate plus 10% per annum.
 
Asset Disposition ” means any sale, lease, transfer or other disposition (or series of related sales, leases, transfers or dispositions) by the Parent or any Subsidiary, including any disposition by means of a merger, consolidation or similar transaction (each referred to for the purposes of this definition as a “disposition”), of:
 
(a)   any Equity Interests of a Subsidiary (other than directors’ qualifying shares or shares required by applicable law to be held by a Person other than the Parent or a Subsidiary);
 
(b)   all or substantially all the assets of any division or line of business of the Parent or any Subsidiary; or
 
(c)   any other assets of the Parent or any Subsidiary outside of the ordinary course of business of the Parent or such Subsidiary other than, in the case of clauses (a), (b) and (c) above,
 
(i)  
a disposition by a Subsidiary to the Parent or by the Parent or a Subsidiary to a Subsidiary;
 
(ii)  
a disposition of assets with a fair market value of less than $50,000,000;
 
(iii)  
the lease, assignment, sublease, license or sublicense of any real or personal property in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice;
 
(iv)  
foreclosure on assets or transfers by reason of eminent domain;
 
(v)  
disposition of accounts receivable in connection with the collection or compromise thereof;
 
(vi)  
a disposition of surplus, obsolete or worn out equipment or other property in the ordinary course of business;
 
(vii)  
assignments and sales of Receivables and Related Security pursuant to a Permitted Receivables Financing;
 
(viii)  
any substantially concurrent exchange of assets of comparable value to be used in a Related Business;
 
(ix)  
a disposition of cash or Permitted Investments; and
 
(x)  
the creation of a Lien (but not the sale or other disposition of the property subject to such Lien).
 
1

 '' Board ” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States of America.
 
" Borrower " means American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc., a Delaware corporation.
 
" Borrowing Request " means a request by the Borrower for a borrowing under the Term Loan facility  in accordance with Section 2.03.
 
" Business Day " means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York City are authorized or required by law to remain closed, provided that when used in connection with a Loan bearing interest at the Adjusted LIBO Rate, the term “Business Day” shall also exclude any day on which banks are not open for dealings in deposits in the London interbank market.
 
" Capital Lease Obligations " of any Person means the obligations of such Person to pay rent or other amounts under any lease of (or other arrangement conveying the right to use) real or personal property, or a combination thereof, which obligations are required to be classified and accounted for as capital leases on a balance sheet of such Person under GAAP, and the amount of such obligations shall be the capitalized amount thereof determined in accordance with GAAP.
 
Cash Interest Expense Coverage Ratio ” means, for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, the ratio of Consolidated EBITDA of the Parent for such period to Consolidated Cash Interest Expense of the Parent for such period.
 
" Change in Control " means (a) the acquisition of ownership, directly or indirectly, beneficially or of record, by any Person or group (within the meaning of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder as in effect on the date of this Agreement), of Equity Interests representing more than 35% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by the issued and outstanding Equity Interests of the Parent; (b) occupation of a majority of the seats (other than vacant seats) on the board of directors of the Parent by Persons who were neither (i) nominated by the board of directors of the Borrower or the Parent nor (ii) appointed by directors so nominated; (c) the acquisition of direct or indirect Control of the Parent by any Person or group; (d) the failure of the Parent to own, directly or indirectly, at least 75% of the outstanding Equity Interests of the Borrower; or (e)   at any time that any Disqualified Equity Interest of the Parent or any Subsidiary is outstanding, the occurrence of any "change of control" (or similar event) shall occur that would require (or entitle any holder or holders thereof to require) the Parent or any Subsidiary to redeem or purchase any such Disqualified Equity Interest.
 
" Change in Law " means (a) the adoption of any law, rule or regulation after the date of this Agreement, (b) any change in any law, rule or regulation or in the interpretation or application thereof by any Governmental Authority after the date of this Agreement or (c) compliance by Lender with any request, guideline or directive (whether or not having the force of law) of any Governmental Authority made or issued after the date of this Agreement.
 
'' Code ” means   the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.
 
" Collateral " means any and all assets, whether real or personal, tangible or intangible, on which Liens are purported to be granted pursuant to the Security Documents as security for any of the Secured Obligations.
 
" Collateral Agreement " means the Collateral Agreement among the Borrower, the Parent, the Subsidiary Loan Parties and the Lender substantially in the form of Exhibit A.
 
" Collateral Requirement " means, at any time, the requirement that:
 
(a)  the Lender shall have received from each Loan Party either (i) a counterpart of the Collateral Agreement duly executed and delivered on behalf of such Loan Party or (ii) in the case of any Person that becomes a Loan Party after the date of this Agreement, a supplement to the Collateral Agreement, in the form specified therein, duly executed and delivered on behalf of such Loan Party;
 
(b)  all Equity Interests of each Subsidiary owned by or on behalf of any Loan Party shall have been pledged pursuant to the Collateral Agreement (except that the Loan Parties shall not be required to pledge (i) more than 66% of the outstanding voting Equity Interests of any Foreign Subsidiary or (ii) Equity Interests of any NWO Subsidiary to the extent that such pledge requires the consent of any other holder of Equity Interests in such NWO Subsidiary and such consent has not been obtained, being understood that commercially reasonable efforts will be made by the Parent and the Subsidiaries to obtain such consent) and, to the extent required by the Collateral Agreement and permitted by the Intercreditor Agreement, the Lender shall have received certificates or other instruments representing all such Equity Interests, together with undated stock powers or other instruments of transfer with respect thereto endorsed in blank, provided that, if any outstanding non-voting Equity Interests of a Foreign Subsidiary are, by their terms, able to be assigned or transferred (or required to be owned) only together with outstanding voting Equity Interests of such Foreign Subsidiary, then such non-voting Equity Interests shall be required to be pledged but only to the extent such voting Equity Interests are required to be pledged after taking into account clause (i) of this paragraph (b);
 
(c)  all Indebtedness of the Parent and each Subsidiary that is owing to any Loan Party shall be evidenced by a promissory note and shall have been pledged pursuant to the Collateral Agreement, in each case to the extent permitted under the Intercreditor Agreement, and the Lender shall have received all such promissory notes (together with any promissory note evidencing Indebtedness of any other Person owing to a Loan Party in a principal amount exceeding $10,000,000), together with undated instruments of transfer with respect thereto endorsed in blank, provided that any such Indebtedness of a Foreign Subsidiary owing to a Loan Party shall not be required to be evidenced by a promissory note if, and for so long as, under the laws of the jurisdiction where such Foreign Subsidiary is organized, promissory notes are not recognized as an instrument for evidencing Indebtedness (it being understood that (i) any such Indebtedness shall, in any event, constitute Collateral and (ii) if any promissory note or other instrument is created to evidence such Indebtedness, it shall be delivered to the Lender);
 
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(d)   all documents and instruments, including Uniform Commercial Code financing statements, required by law or reasonably requested by the Lender to be filed, registered or recorded to create the Liens intended to be created by the Security Documents and perfect such Liens to the extent required by, and with the priority required by, the Loan Documents, shall have been filed, registered or recorded or delivered to the Lender for filing, registration or recording; provided that compliance with this clause (d) shall not be required in respect of Collateral located in Brazil, Luxembourg and Scotland prior to the date that is 15 Business Days after the date of this Agreement, and provided further that, in respect of Collateral located in Brazil, Luxembourg and Scotland, compliance with this clause (d) shall not be required in the event that the applicable foreign jurisdiction does not permit the filing, registration or recordation of any document or instrument to create a second priority Lien unless and until such time as the applicable foreign jurisdiction permits the filing, registration or recordation of a second priority Lien or Lender’s Lien is not a second priority Lien;
 
(e)   the Lender shall have received, or shall have confirmation that the title company recording the Mortgages has received, (i) counterparts of a Mortgage with respect to each Mortgaged Property duly executed and delivered by the record owner of such Mortgaged Property, (ii) with respect to each Material Property, a policy or policies of title insurance issued by a nationally recognized title insurance company, in an amount reasonably acceptable to the Lender, insuring the Lien of the Mortgage with respect to such Material Property as a valid and enforceable second priority Lien on such Mortgaged Property described therein, free of any other Liens except as expressly permitted by Section 6.02, together with such endorsements, coinsurance and reinsurance as the Lender may reasonably request, (iii) if any Mortgaged Property is located in an area determined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency to have special flood hazards, evidence of such flood insurance as may be required under applicable law, including Regulation H of the Board, and (iv) with respect to each Material Property, such land survey, legal opinion of local counsel in the jurisdiction where such Material Property is located and other documents as the Lender may reasonably request with respect to any such Mortgage or Material Property; and
 
(f)   each Loan Party shall have obtained all consents and approvals required to be obtained by it in connection with the execution and delivery of all Security Documents to which it is a party, the performance of its obligations thereunder and the granting by it of the Liens thereunder, including those required by the Collateral Agreement; provided that, in connection with any Security Documents governed by the law of Brazil, Luxembourg or Scotland, compliance with clause (f) shall not be required prior to the date that is 15 Business Days after the date this Agreement.
 
The foregoing definition shall not require the creation or perfection of pledges of or security interests in, or the obtaining of title insurance, legal opinions or other deliverables with respect to, particular assets of the Loan Parties, if and for so long as the Lender, in consultation with Parent and the Borrower, determines that the cost of creating or perfecting such pledges or security interests in such assets, or obtaining such title insurance, legal opinions or other deliverables in respect of such assets, shall be excessive in view of the benefits to be obtained by the Lender therefrom.  The Lender may grant extensions of time for the creation and perfection of security interests in or the obtaining of title insurance, legal opinions or other deliverables with respect to particular assets (including extensions beyond the date of this Agreement or in connection with assets acquired, or Subsidiaries formed or acquired, after the date of this Agreement) where it determines that such action cannot be accomplished without undue effort or expense by the time or times at which it would otherwise be required to be accomplished by this Agreement or the Security Documents.
 
It is understood that the requirements of this definition shall not be construed to require any Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party (including any Foreign Subsidiary) to grant any Lien on or otherwise pledge its assets to secure any of the Secured Obligations.
 
Collateral Value Amount ” has the meaning specified in the First Lien Term Loan Agreement in effect on the date of this Agreement.
 
" Commitment " means  the Term Loan Commitment.
 
Consolidated Cash Interest Expense ” means, for any period, the excess of (a) the sum, without duplication, of (i) the interest expense of the Parent and its consolidated Subsidiaries for such period, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, (ii) any interest or other financing costs becoming payable during such period in respect of Indebtedness of the Parent or its consolidated Subsidiaries to the extent such interest or other financing costs shall have been capitalized (excluding fees paid in connection with the Restatement Transactions) rather than included in consolidated interest expense for such period in accordance with GAAP and (iii) any cash payments made during such period in respect of obligations referred to in clause (b)(ii) below that were amortized or accrued in a previous period, minus (b) the sum of (i) to the extent included in such consolidated interest expense for such period, non-cash amounts attributable to amortization or write-off of capitalized interest or other financing costs paid in a previous period, (ii) to the extent included in such consolidated interest expense for such period, non-cash amounts attributable to amortization of debt discounts or accrued interest payable in kind for such period, and (iii) to the extent included in such consolidated interest expense for such period, non-cash interest relating to the issuance of warrants or other equity-like instruments for such period.
 
Consolidated EBITDA ” means, of any Person for any period, Consolidated Net Income of such Person for such period plus (a) without duplication and to the extent deducted in determining such Consolidated Net Income, the sum of (i) income tax expense for such period, (ii) gross interest expense for such period (including interest-equivalent costs associated with any Permitted Receivables Financing, whether accounted for as interest expense or loss on the sale of Receivables), (iii) depreciation and amortization expense for such period, (iv) any special charges and any extraordinary or nonrecurring losses for such period ( provided that to the extent that such charges or losses involve payments of cash in such period or any future period, the amount thereof shall be limited to $75,000,000 in the aggregate for any fiscal quarter or quarters ending after the date of this Agreement that are included in any period for which Consolidated EBITDA is being calculated, provided further that any such charges or losses referred to in the definition of “Acquired/Disposed EBITDA” shall be included in such limit), (v) other non-cash items reducing such Consolidated Net Income for such period, and (vi) any arrangement, dealer-manager or similar fees and expenses (including any tax expenses related to gains in connection with any Auction (as defined in the First Lien Term Loan Agreement)), in connection with each prepayment pursuant to Section 2.07(e) in the First Lien Term Loan Agreement minus (b) without duplication and to the extent included in determining such Consolidated Net Income, (i) interest income for such period, (ii) extraordinary or nonrecurring gains (including any gains attributable to prepayments pursuant to Section 2.07(e) in the First Lien Term Loan Agreement) for such period and (iii) other non-cash items increasing such Consolidated Net Income for such period, all determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; provided that for purposes of determining the Secured Leverage Ratio and Total Leverage Ratio only, (A) there shall be included in determining the Consolidated EBITDA of the Parent for any period the Acquired/Disposed EBITDA of any Person, property, business or asset acquired outside the ordinary course of business during or after the end of such period by the Parent or a Subsidiary, to the extent not subsequently sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of by the Parent or a Subsidiary (each such Person, property, business or asset acquired and not subsequently so disposed of, an “ Acquired Entity or Business ”), based on the actual Acquired/Disposed EBITDA of such Acquired Entity or Business for such period (including the portion thereof occurring prior to such acquisition) and (B) there shall be excluded in determining Consolidated EBITDA of the Parent for any period the Acquired/Disposed EBITDA of any Person, property, business or asset sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of outside the ordinary course of business by the Parent or any Subsidiary during or after the end of such period (each such Person, property, business or asset so sold or disposed of, a “ Sold Entity or Business ”) based on the actual Acquired/Disposed EBITDA of such Sold Entity or Business for such period (including the portion thereof occurring prior to such sale, transfer or disposition).  Unless the context otherwise requires, references to Consolidated EBITDA shall be construed to mean Consolidated EBITDA of the Parent.
 
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Consolidated Net Income ” means, of any Person for any period, the net income or loss of such Person for such period determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.  Unless the context otherwise requires, references to Consolidated Net Income shall be construed to mean Consolidated Net Income of the Parent.
 
" Control " means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ability to exercise voting power, by contract or otherwise. "Controlling" and "Controlled" have meanings correlative thereto.
 
" Copyright " has the meaning specified in the Collateral Agreement.
 
" Copyright Security Agreement " has the meaning specified in the Collateral Agreement.
 
" Default " means any event or condition which constitutes an Event of Default or which upon notice, lapse of time or both would, unless cured or waived, become an Event of Default.
 
" Disclosed Matters " means the actions, suits and proceedings and the environmental matters disclosed in Schedule 3.05.
 
" Disqualified Equity Interest " means, with respect to any Person, any Equity Interest in such Person that by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable, either mandatorily or at the option of the holder thereof), or upon the happening of any event or condition:
 
(a)   matures or is mandatorily redeemable (other than solely for Equity Interests in such Person that do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests and cash in lieu of fractional shares of such Equity Interests), whether pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise;
 
(b)   is convertible or exchangeable at the option of the holder thereof for Indebtedness or Equity Interests (other than solely for Equity Interests in such Person that do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests and cash in lieu of fractional shares of such Equity Interests); or
 
(c)   is redeemable (other than solely for Equity Interests in such Person that do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests and cash in lieu of fractional shares of such Equity Interests) or is required to be repurchased by such Person or any of its Affiliates, in whole or in part, at the option of the holder thereof;
 
in each case, on or prior to the Maturity Date; provided , however , that an Equity Interest in any Person that would not constitute a Disqualified Equity Interest but for terms thereof giving holders thereof the right to require such Person to redeem or purchase or otherwise retire such Equity Interest upon the occurrence of an "asset sale" or a "change of control" shall not constitute a Disqualified Equity Interest.
 
" Dollars " or " $ " refers to lawful money of the United States of America.
 
" Environmental Laws " means all laws, rules, regulations, codes, ordinances, orders, decrees, judgments, injunctions or binding agreements issued, promulgated or entered into by any Governmental Authority, relating in any way to the environment, preservation or reclamation of natural resources or the management, release or threatened release of any Hazardous Material.
 
" Environmental Liability " means any liability, contingent or otherwise (including any liability for damages, costs of environmental remediation, fines, penalties or indemnities), of the Parent or any Subsidiary directly or indirectly resulting from or based upon (a) violation of any Environmental Law, (b) the generation, use, handling, transportation, storage, treatment or disposal of any Hazardous Materials, (c) exposure to any Hazardous Materials, (d) the release or threatened release of any Hazardous Materials into the environment or (e) any contract, agreement or other consensual arrangement pursuant to which liability is assumed or imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.
 
" Equity Interests " means shares of capital stock, partnership interests, membership interests in a limited liability company, beneficial interests in a trust or other equity ownership interests in a Person, and any warrants, options or other rights entitling the holder thereof to purchase or acquire any such equity interest.
 
" ERISA " means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time and the regulations promulgated and rulings issued thereunder.
 
" ERISA Affiliate " means any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) that, together with the Parent, is treated as a single employer under Section 414(b) or (c) of the Code or, solely for purposes of Section 302 of ERISA and Section 412 of the Code, is treated as a single employer under Section 414 of the Code.
 
" ERISA Event " means (a) any "reportable event", as defined in Section 4043 of ERISA, with respect to a Plan (other than an event for which the 30-day notice period is waived), (b) any failure by any Plan to satisfy the minimum funding standard (within the meaning of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA), applicable to such Plan, whether or not waived, (c) the filing pursuant to Section 412(d) of the Code or Section 302(c) of ERISA of an application for a waiver of the minimum funding standard with respect to any Plan, (d) a determination that any Plan is, or is expected to be, in "at-risk" status (as defined in Section 303(i)(4) of ERISA or Section 430(i)(4) of the Code) and the Parent or ERISA Affiliate, as applicable, fails to make required contributions for a plan year with respect to such Plan by the annual due date for such contribution as determined under Section 303(j) of ERISA, (e) the incurrence by the Parent or any ERISA Affiliate of any liability under Title IV of ERISA with respect to the termination of any Plan, (f)   the receipt by the Parent or any ERISA Affiliate from the PBGC or a plan administrator of any notice relating to the intention to terminate any Plan or Plans or to appoint a trustee to administer any Plan, (g) the incurrence by the Parent or any ERISA Affiliate of any liability under Title IV of ERISA with respect to the withdrawal or partial withdrawal of the Parent or any ERISA Affiliate from any Plan or Multiemployer Plan, (h) the receipt by the Parent or any ERISA Affiliate of any notice, or the receipt by any Multiemployer Plan from the Parent or any ERISA Affiliate of any notice, concerning the imposition of Withdrawal Liability or a determination that a Multiemployer Plan is, or is expected to be, insolvent or in reorganization, within the meaning of Title IV of ERISA or in endangered or critical status, within the meaning of Section 305 of ERISA, (i) the occurrence of a "prohibited transaction" with respect to which the Parent or any of the Subsidiaries is a "disqualified person" (within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code) or with respect to which the Parent or any such Subsidiary could otherwise be liable or (j) any Foreign Benefit Event.
 
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" Event of Default " has the meaning assigned to such term in Article VII.
 
Excluded Guarantee ” means any Guarantee by any Loan Party of (a) any Indebtedness of a Foreign Subsidiary, to the extent such Guarantee relates to (i) Indebtedness that was outstanding on the date of this Agreement or was incurred under (and within the limits of the amount of) a line of credit in a specified amount that was in effect on the date of this Agreement or (ii) any renewal or replacement after the date of this Agreement of Indebtedness that, as of the date of this Agreement, is permitted by clause (i) above (without increasing the amount permitted), and (b) obligations under leases and similar obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices and/or industry practices that do not constitute Indebtedness.
 
Excluded Subsidiary ” means, at any time, any Subsidiary affected by an event referred to in clause (i), (j) or (k) of Article VII at such time that would constitute an Event of Default if such Subsidiary was not an “Excluded Subsidiary”; provided that (a) no Loan Party shall be an Excluded Subsidiary and (b) a Subsidiary shall not be an Excluded Subsidiary if such Subsidiary (on a consolidated basis with all other Excluded Subsidiaries affected by an event referred to in clause (i), (j) or (k) of Article VII and their respective subsidiaries) (i) account for more than 10% of Total Assets of the Parent or (ii) account for more than 10% of the consolidated revenues of the Parent and the Subsidiaries for the most recently ended period of four consecutive fiscal quarters for which financial statements are available, in each case, determined in accordance with GAAP.
 
" Excluded Taxes " means, with respect to the Lender or any other recipient of any payment to be made by or on account of any obligation of the Borrower hereunder, (a) income, franchise or similar Taxes imposed on (or measured by) its net income or, in the case of franchise or similar Taxes, gross receipts, by the United States of America, or by the jurisdiction under the laws of which such recipient is organized or in which its principal office is located or, in the case of Lender, in which its applicable lending office is located or in which it is otherwise doing business, (b) any branch profits Taxes imposed by the United States of America or any similar Tax imposed by any other jurisdiction in which the Borrower is located, (c) any Taxes attributable to a failure by the Lender to comply with Section 2.08(e), and (d) any withholding Taxes imposed as a result of a change in the circumstances of the Lender, other than a Change in Law.
 
" Existing Convertible Notes " means the 2% senior convertible notes due 2024 issued pursuant to the Indenture, dated as of February 11, 2004, between the Parent and BNY Midwest Trust Company, as trustee.
 
" Existing Debt Securities " means the Existing Senior Notes and the Existing Convertible Notes, in each case outstanding as of the date hereof.
 
" Existing Senior Notes " means (a) the 5.25% senior notes due 2014 issued pursuant to the Indenture, dated as of February 11, 2004, between the Borrower, the Parent and BNY Midwest Trust Company, as trustee, outstanding as of the Date of this Agreement, and (b) the 7.875% senior notes due 2017 issued pursuant to the Indenture, dated as of February 27, 2007, among the Borrower, the Parent and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, outstanding as of the Date of this Agreement.
 
" Existing Senior Notes Indentures " means the indentures pursuant to which the Existing Senior Notes were issued.
 
" Financial Officer " means, with respect to the Parent or the Borrower, the chief financial officer, principal accounting officer, treasurer or controller thereof, as applicable.
 
First Lien Credit Agreement ” means the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 16, 2009, among the Borrower, the Parent, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
 
" First Lien Term Loan Agreement " means the Credit Agreement, dated as of September 16, 2009, among the Borrower, the Parent, the several lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
 
First Lien Loan Documents ” means the First Lien Credit Agreement and the First Lien Term Loan Agreement, together with all related documents and agreements, including without limitation security documents, as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
 
" Foreign Benefit Event " means, with respect to any Foreign Pension Plan, (a) the existence of unfunded liabilities in excess of the amount permitted under any applicable law, or in excess of the amount that would be permitted absent a waiver from a Governmental Authority, (b) the failure to make the required contributions or payments, under any applicable law, on or before the due date for such contributions or payments, (c) the receipt of a notice by a Governmental Authority relating to the intention to terminate any such Foreign Pension Plan or to appoint a trustee or similar official to administer any such Foreign Pension Plan, or alleging the insolvency of any such Foreign Pension Plan, (d) the incurrence of any liability by the Parent or any Subsidiary under applicable law on account of the complete or partial termination of such Foreign Pension Plan or the complete or partial withdrawal of any participating employer therein, in each case except as could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect or (e) the occurrence of any transaction that is prohibited under any applicable law and that could reasonably be expected to result in the incurrence of any liability by the Parent or any Subsidiary, or the imposition on the Parent or any Subsidiary of any fine, excise tax or penalty resulting from any noncompliance with any applicable law, in each case except as could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
 
" Foreign Pension Plan " means any benefit plan that under applicable law of any jurisdiction other than the United States is required to be funded through a trust or other funding vehicle other than a trust or funding vehicle maintained exclusively by a Governmental Authority and that would constitute a defined benefit pension plan under U.S. law.
 
" Foreign Subsidiary " means (a) any Subsidiary that is organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the United States of America or any State thereof or the District of Columbia and (b) any Subsidiary, organized under the laws of any jurisdiction, of a Subsidiary described in clause (a) above.
 
" GAAP " means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.
 
" Governmental Authority " means the government of the United States of America, any other nation or any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government.
 
" Guarantee " of or by any Person (the "guarantor") means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of the guarantor guaranteeing or having the economic effect of guaranteeing any Indebtedness or other obligation of any other Person (the " primary obligor ") in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, and including any obligation of the guarantor, direct or indirect, (a) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness or other obligation or to purchase (or to advance or supply funds for the purchase of) any security for the payment thereof, (b) to purchase or lease property, securities or services for the purpose of assuring the owner of such Indebtedness or other obligation of the payment thereof, (c) to maintain working capital, equity capital or any other financial statement condition or liquidity of the primary obligor so as to enable the primary obligor to pay such Indebtedness or other obligation or (d) as an account party in respect of any letter of credit or letter of guaranty issued to support such Indebtedness or obligation; provided , that the term Guarantee shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business or customary and reasonable indemnity obligations entered into in connection with any acquisition or disposition of assets permitted under this Agreement.
 
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" Guarantee Agreement " means the Guarantee Agreement, substantially in the form of Exhibit B, among the Borrower, the Guarantors and the Lender.
 
" Guarantors " means, as of any date, the Parent and each Subsidiary Loan Party that is a party to the Guarantee Agreement as a guarantor thereunder as of such date.
 
" Hazardous Materials " means all explosive or radioactive substances or wastes and all hazardous or toxic substances, wastes or other pollutants, including petroleum or petroleum distillates, asbestos or asbestos containing materials, polychlorinated biphenyls, radon gas and all other substances or wastes of any nature regulated pursuant to any Environmental Law.
 
" Indebtedness " of any Person means, without duplication, (a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money, (b) all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments, (c) all obligations of such Person upon which interest charges are customarily paid (excluding current accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (d) all obligations of such Person under conditional sale or other title retention agreements relating to property acquired by such Person, (e) all obligations of such Person in respect of the deferred purchase price of property or services (excluding current accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (f )   all Indebtedness of others secured by (or for which the holder of such Indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien on property owned or acquired by such Person, whether or not the Indebtedness secured thereby has been assumed, (g) all Guarantees by such Person of Indebtedness of others, (h) all Capital Lease Obligations of such Person, (i) all obligations, contingent or otherwise, of such Person as an account party in respect of letters of credit and letters of guaranty, (j)   all obligations, contingent or otherwise, of such Person in respect of bankers' acceptances and (k) Receivables Financing Debt. The Indebtedness of any Person shall include the Indebtedness of any other entity (including any partnership in which such Person is a general partner) to the extent such Person is liable therefor as a result of such Person's ownership interest in or other relationship with such entity, except to the extent the terms of such Indebtedness provide that such Person is not liable therefor; provided , that if the sole asset of such Person is its ownership interest in such other entity, the amount of such Indebtedness shall be deemed equal to the value of such ownership interest. For the avoidance of doubt, the Indebtedness of the Borrower or any other Subsidiary shall not include any obligations of the Borrower or such other Subsidiary arising in the ordinary course of business from the establishment, offering and maintenance by the Borrower or such other Subsidiary, as the case may be, of trade payables financing programs under which suppliers to the Borrower or such other Subsidiary, as the case may be, can request accelerated payment from one or more designated financial institutions; provided , that (i) the Borrower or such other Subsidiary, as the case may be, reimburses the designated financial institution or institutions for such accelerated payment on the date specified in the purchase terms and conditions previously agreed upon by the applicable supplier and the Borrower or such other Subsidiary, as the case may be and (ii) had such financial institution or institutions not paid such obligations to the applicable supplier, such obligations would have been required to be classified as a trade payable in the consolidated financial statements of the Borrower or such other Subsidiary, as the case may be, prepared in accordance with GAAP.
 
" Indemnified Taxes " means Taxes other than Excluded Taxes.
 
" Intellectual Property " has the meaning specified in the Collateral Agreement.
 
Intercreditor Agreement ”  means that certain Intercreditor Agreement of approximate even date among Lender, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent under the First Lien Credit Agreement and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent under the First Lien Term Loan Agreement, substantially in the form of Exhibit C, as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
 
" Interest Payment Date " means (a) with respect to any Loan bearing interest at the Alternative Interest Rate, the last day of each March, June, September and December and (b) with respect to any Loan bearing interest at the Adjusted LIBO Rate, the last day of each Interest Period.
 
" Interest Period " means, with respect to any Loan bearing interest at the Adjusted LIBO Rate, the period commencing on the date of such Loan and ending on the numerically corresponding day in the calendar month that is three months thereafter; provided that (i) if any Interest Period would end on a day other than a Business Day, such Interest Period shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day unless such next succeeding Business Day would fall in the next calendar month, in which case such Interest Period shall end on the next preceding Business Day, and (ii) any Interest Period that commences on the last Business Day of a calendar month (or on a day for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the last calendar month of such Interest Period) shall end on the last Business Day of the last calendar month of such Interest Period.
 
International Holdco ” means AAM International Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation.
 
LIBO Rate ” means, with respect to any Loan bearing interest at the Adjusted LIBO Rate for any Interest Period, the three month rate appearing on Page 3750 of the Telerate Service (or on any successor or substitute page of such Service, or any successor to or substitute for such Service, providing rate quotations comparable to those currently provided on such page of such Service, as determined by the Lender from time to time for purposes of providing quotations of interest rates applicable to Dollar deposits in the London interbank market) at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time, two Business Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Period, as the rate for Dollar deposits with a maturity comparable to such Interest Period; provided that, if such “ LIBO Rate ” is below 2.00%, it shall be deemed to be 2.00%.  Subject to the proviso in the immediately preceding sentence, in the event that such rate is not available at such time for any reason, then the “ LIBO Rate ” with respect to such Loan bearing interest at the Adjusted LIBO Rate for such Interest Period shall be the three month rate at which Dollar deposits of $5,000,000 and for a maturity comparable to such Interest Period are offered by the principal London office of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in immediately available funds in the London interbank market at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time, two Business Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Period.
 
Lien ” means, with respect to any asset, (a) any mortgage, deed of trust, lien, pledge, hypothecation, encumbrance, charge or security interest in, on or of such asset, (b) the interest of a vendor or a lessor under any conditional sale agreement, capital lease or title retention agreement (or any financing lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing) relating to such asset and (c) in the case of securities, any purchase option, call or similar right of a third party with respect to such securities.
 
Lien Basket Amount ” means, as of any date, an amount equal to 10% of “Consolidated Net Tangible Assets” (within the meaning of the Existing Senior Notes Indentures) as of such date.
 
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" Loan Documents " means this Agreement, the Note, the Guarantee Agreement the Security Documents, any notes, and any other agreements entered into between Borrower or any guarantor of the Obligations and Lender relating to or in connection with this Agreement, as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.
 
" Loan Parties " means the Parent, the Borrower and the Subsidiary Loan Parties.
 
'' Loans " means the loans made by the Lender to the Borrower pursuant to this Agreement.
 
" Local Time " means New York City time.
 
" Material Adverse Effect " means a material adverse effect on (a) the business, assets, operations, or financial condition of the Parent and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (b) the ability of any Loan Party to perform any of its material obligations under the Loan Documents or (c) the validity and enforceability of any Loan Document, or the rights and remedies of the Lender hereunder or under any other Loan Document, taken as a whole.
 
" Material Indebtedness " means Indebtedness (other than the Loans), or obligations in respect of one or more Swap Agreements, of any one or more of the Parent and its Subsidiaries in an aggregate principal amount exceeding $50,000,000. For purposes of determining Material Indebtedness, the "principal amount" of the obligations of the Parent or any Subsidiary in respect of any Swap Agreement at any time shall be the maximum aggregate amount (giving effect to any netting agreements) that the Parent or such Subsidiary would be required to pay if such Swap Agreement were terminated at such time.
 
" Material Properties " means (a) those Mortgaged Properties designated on Schedule 3.12 as Material Properties and (b) each other Mortgaged Property with respect to which a Mortgage is granted pursuant to Section 5.11 after the date of this Agreement.
 
" Material Subsidiary " means, as of any date, any Subsidiary (other than the Borrower, a Foreign Subsidiary or a Receivables Subsidiary) that either (a) accounts (together with its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis) for more than 10% of Total Assets of the Parent or (b) accounts (together with its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis) for more than 10% of the consolidated revenues of the Parent and the Subsidiaries for the most recently ended period of four consecutive fiscal quarters for which financial statements are available, in each case, determined in accordance with GAAP.
 
Maturity Date ” means December 31, 2013.
 
" Moody's " means Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
 
" Mortgage " means a mortgage, deed of trust, assignment of leases and rents or other Security Document substantially in the forms of collective Exhibit D granting a Lien on any Mortgaged Property to secure any of the Secured Obligations. Each Mortgage shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Lender.
 
" Mortgaged Property " means, initially, each parcel of real property and the improvements thereto owned by a Loan Party and identified on Schedule 3.12 as a Mortgaged Property, and includes each other parcel of real property and improvements thereto with respect to which a Mortgage is granted pursuant to Section 5.11.
 
" Multiemployer Plan " means a multiemployer plan as defined in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA that is, or within any of the preceding five plan years was, sponsored, maintained or contributed to, or required to be sponsored, maintained or contributed to, by the Parent or any ERISA Affiliate.
 
Note ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.05(d).
 
" NWO Subsidiary " means any Subsidiary of the Borrower with respect to which (except for directors' qualifying shares) the Borrower owns, directly or indirectly, Equity Interests representing less than 100% of the outstanding Equity Interests and less than 100% of the outstanding voting Equity Interests; provided that a Subsidiary shall not be a "NWO Subsidiary" if (a) such Subsidiary was a Subsidiary Loan Party before it met the foregoing criteria for becoming a "NWO Subsidiary", unless such Subsidiary became a " NWO Subsidiary " pursuant to a transfer of all Equity Interests in such Subsidiary owned, directly or indirectly, by the Borrower to a NWO Subsidiary, in accordance with this Agreement or (b) such Subsidiary is not prohibited from guaranteeing the Secured Obligations (it being understood that the Parent and the Subsidiaries will exercise reasonable efforts (which shall not include undue costs or expenses) to obtain any consent or approval necessary to avoid any such prohibition).
 
" Other Taxes " means any and all present or future stamp, documentary Taxes and any other excise, or property, intangible, recording, filing or similar Taxes which arise from any payment made under, from the execution, delivery, or registration of, or from the receipt or perfection of a security interest under, enforcement of, or otherwise with respect to, any Loan Document.
 
" Parent " means American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation.
 
" PBGC " means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation referred to and defined in ERISA and any successor entity performing similar functions.
 
" Perfection Schedule " has the meaning specified in the Collateral Agreement.
 
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Permitted Acquisition ” means any acquisition by the Borrower or any other Subsidiary of all or substantially all the assets of, or all the Equity Interests in, a Person or division or line of business of a Person if, immediately after giving effect thereto, (a) no Default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom, (b) the business of such acquired Person or division or line of business shall comply with the permitted businesses of the Borrower and the other Subsidiaries as provided in Section 6.03(b), (c) the portion of the fair market value of the consideration paid or delivered by any Loan Parties for such acquisition (excluding Equity Interests of the Parent) that is attributable to investments in Persons (whether or not Subsidiaries) that do not become Loan Parties as a result of such acquisition but in which the Borrower or any other Subsidiary shall own, directly or indirectly, any investment as a result of such acquisition (including the investment in the Person acquired, if it is not a Subsidiary Loan Party) are treated, at the time of such acquisition, as investments in such Person pursuant to Section 6.08 and are permitted to be made thereunder at such time (other than pursuant to the clause thereof that permits Permitted Acquisitions), (d) the Parent would have been in compliance with the covenant contained in Section 6.11 as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Parent for which financial statements are available (the “Test Date”), determined as provided below, and (e) for any acquisition (or series of related acquisitions) involving consideration (excluding Equity Interests of the Parent) exceeding $20,000,000, the Borrower has delivered to the Lender a certificate executed by a Financial Officer to the effect set forth in clauses (a), (b), (c) and (d) above, together with all relevant financial information for the Person or assets to be acquired and reasonably detailed calculations demonstrating satisfaction of the requirement set forth in clause (d) above and compliance with Section 6.01 in respect of any Indebtedness resulting from such acquisition.  For purposes of clause (d) above, compliance with Section 6.11 shall be determined as though such acquisition, and each other acquisition of an Acquired Entity or Business consummated subsequent to the Test Date, had occurred on the Test Date, and as though the sale or disposition of any Sold Entity or Business sold or disposed of subsequent to the Test Date had been sold or disposed of on the Test Date.
 
" Permitted Encumbrances " means:
 
(a)   Liens imposed by law for Taxes that are not yet due or are being contested in compliance with Section 5.04;
 
(b)   carriers', warehousemen's, mechanics', materialmen's, repairmen's construction, artisan's and other like Liens imposed by law, arising in the ordinary course of business and securing obligations that are not overdue by more than 60 days or are being contested in compliance with Section 5.04;
 
(c)   pledges and deposits made in the ordinary course of business in compliance with workers' compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security laws or regulations and deposits securing liability to insurance carriers under insurance or self-insurance arrangements in respect of such obligations;
 
(d)   deposits to secure or in connection with the performance of bids, trade contracts, leases, statutory obligations, surety and appeal bonds, performance bonds and other obligations of a like nature, in each case in the ordinary course of business, including those incurred to secure health, safety and environmental obligations in the ordinary course of business;
 
(e)   judgment liens in respect of judgments that do not constitute an Event of Default under clause (k) of Article VII;
 
(f)   easements, zoning restrictions, rights-of-way and similar encumbrances on real property imposed by law or arising in the ordinary course of business which, in the aggregate, are not substantial in amount and do not materially detract from the value of the affected property or materially interfere with the ordinary conduct of business of the Parent or any Subsidiary;
 
(g)   Liens arising by virtue of any statutory or common law provision relating to banker's liens, rights of setoff or similar rights as to deposit accounts or other funds maintained with creditor depository institution; and
 
(h)   landlord's Liens under leases of property to which the Parent or a Subsidiary is a party;
 
provided that the term "Permitted Encumbrances" shall not include any Lien securing Indebtedness.
 
Permitted Governmental Receivables Program ” means the Auto Supplier Support Program established by the United States Department of the Treasury pursuant to the authority granted to it by and under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, as amended or any similar governmental receivables program approved by the Administrative Agent under the First Lien Credit Agreement; provided that the Parent or the Borrower shall deliver to the Lender copies of all documentation entered into in connection with any such transaction.
        
                “ Permitted Investments ” means:
 
(a)   direct obligations of, or obligations the principal of and interest on which are unconditionally guaranteed by, the United States of America (or by any agency or instrumentality thereof to the extent such obligations are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States of America),
 
(b)   investments in commercial paper maturing within 270 days from the date of acquisition thereof and having, at such date of acquisition, a rating of at least A-1 by S&P or P-1 by Moody’s;
 
(c)   investments in certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances and time deposits maturing within 270 days from the date of acquisition thereof issued or guaranteed by or placed with, and money market deposit accounts issued or offered by, (i) any lender under the Revolving Credit Agreement, (ii) any domestic office of any commercial bank organized under the laws of the United States of America or any State thereof or any foreign country recognized by the United States of America which has a combined capital and surplus and undivided profits of not less than $250,000,000 (or the foreign currency equivalent thereof) or (iii) any bank whose short-term commercial paper rating from S&P is at least A-1 or the equivalent thereof or from Moody’s is at least P-1 or the equivalent thereof;
 
(d)   fully collateralized repurchase agreements with a term of not more than 30 days for securities described in clauses (a), (e) and (f) of this definition of “Permitted Investments” and entered into with a financial institution satisfying the criteria described in clause (c) above;
 
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(e)   money market funds that (i) comply with the criteria set forth in Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, (ii) are rated AAA by S&P and Aaa by Moody’s and (iii) have portfolio assets of at least $5,000,000,000;
 
(f)   securities with maturities of six months or less from the date of acquisition issued or fully guaranteed by any State, commonwealth or territory of the United States of America, or by any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof, and rated at least A by S&P or Moody’s;
 
(g)   in the case of any Foreign Subsidiary, (i) direct obligations of the sovereign nation (or any agency thereof) in which such Subsidiary is organized and is conducting business or in obligations fully and unconditionally guaranteed by such sovereign nation (or any agency thereof), (ii) investments of the type and maturity described in clauses (a) through (f) above of foreign obligors, which investments or obligors (or the parents of such obligors) have ratings described in such clauses or equivalent ratings from comparable foreign rating agencies and (iii) investments of the type and maturity described in clauses (a) through (f) above of foreign obligors (or the parents of such obligors), which investments of obligors (or the parents of such obligors) are not rated as provided in such clauses or in clause (ii) above but which are, in the reasonable judgment of the Parent and the Borrower, comparable in investment quality to such investments and obligors (or the parents of such obligors);
 
(h)   shares of mutual funds whose investment guidelines restrict 95% of such funds’ investments to those satisfying the provisions of clauses (a) through (f) above; and
 
(i)   time deposit accounts, certificates of deposits and money market deposits in an aggregate face amount not in excess 1% of Total Assets of the Parent as of the end of the Parent’s most recently completed fiscal year.
 
                 “ Permitted Receivables Factoring ” means a factoring transaction pursuant to which the Parent or one or more Subsidiaries (or a combination thereof) sells (on a non-recourse basis other than Standard Securitization Undertakings) Receivables (and Related Security) for cash consideration to a Person or Persons (other than to an Affiliate or to General Motors Company or any of its Affiliates); provided that the Parent or the Borrower shall deliver to the Lender copies of all documentation entered into in connection with any such transaction.
 
 “ Permitted Receivables Financing ” means a Permitted Receivables Securitization, a Permitted Governmental Receivables Program or a Permitted Receivables Factoring.
 
                “ Permitted Receivables Securitization ” means transactions (other than pursuant to a Permitted Governmental Receivables Program or Permitted Receivables Factoring) pursuant to which the Parent or one or more of the Subsidiaries (or a combination thereof) realizes cash proceeds in respect of Receivables and Related Security by selling or otherwise transferring such Receivables and Related Security (on a non-recourse basis with respect to the Parent and the Subsidiaries, other than Standard Securitization Undertakings) to one or more Receivables Subsidiaries, and such Receivables Subsidiary or Receivables Subsidiaries realize cash proceeds in respect of such Receivables and Related Security; provided that the Parent or the Borrower shall deliver to the Lender copies of all documentation entered into in connection with any such transaction.
 
                “ Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness ” means any Indebtedness (other than any Indebtedness incurred under this Agreement) of the Parent or a Subsidiary, issued in exchange for, or the net proceeds of which are used to extend, refinance, renew, replace, defease or refund (collectively, to “ Refinance ”), Indebtedness of the Parent or such Subsidiary, as the case may be, that is permitted by this Agreement to be Refinanced; provided that:
 
(a)   the principal amount (or accreted value, if applicable) of such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness does not exceed the principal amount (or accreted value, if applicable) of the Indebtedness so Refinanced ( plus all refinancing expenses incurred in connection therewith, including, without limitation, any related fees and expenses, make-whole amounts, original issue discount, unpaid accrued interest and premium thereon);
 
(b)   the average life to maturity of such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness is greater than or equal to (and the maturity of such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness is no earlier than) that of the Indebtedness being Refinanced;
 
(c)   if the Indebtedness being Refinanced is subordinated in right of payment to any of the Secured Obligations, such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness shall be subordinated in right of payment to such Secured Obligations on terms at least as favorable, taken as a whole, to the Lender as those contained in the documentation governing the Indebtedness being Refinanced; provided that a certificate of an officer of the Borrower is delivered to the Lender at least ten (10) Business Days (or such shorter period as the Lender may reasonably agree) prior to the incurrence of such Indebtedness, together with a reasonably detailed description of the material terms and conditions of such subordination terms or drafts of the documentation relating thereto, stating that (i) the Borrower has determined in good faith that such terms and conditions satisfy the foregoing requirement and (ii) unless the Lender disagrees by a specified date (as provided below), such terms and conditions shall be permitted and shall be conclusive evidence that such terms and conditions satisfy the foregoing requirement unless the Lender notifies the Borrower within such period that it disagrees with such determination (including a reasonable description of the basis upon which it disagrees);
 
(d)   no Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness shall have different obligors than the Indebtedness being Refinanced;
 
(e)   in the case of a Refinancing of Restricted Debt, the terms of such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness shall be no less favorable taken as a whole to the Parent and the Subsidiaries than the terms of the Indebtedness being Refinanced; provided that (i) a certificate of an officer of the Borrower is delivered to the Lender at least ten (10) Business Days (or such shorter period as the Lender may reasonably agree) prior to the incurrence of such Indebtedness, together with a reasonably detailed description of the material terms and conditions of such Indebtedness or drafts of the documentation relating thereto, stating that (A) the Borrower has determined in good faith that such terms and conditions satisfy the foregoing requirement and (B) unless the Lender disagrees by a specified date (as provided below), such terms and conditions shall be permitted, shall be conclusive evidence that such terms and conditions satisfy the foregoing requirement unless the Lender notifies the Borrower within such period that it disagrees with such determination (including a reasonable description of the basis upon which it disagrees), and (ii) the pricing terms may be less favorable to the Parent and the Subsidiaries so long as it is being refinanced at the then-prevailing market price; and
 
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(f)   in the case of a Refinancing of Indebtedness arising under the First Lien Loan Documents, the aggregate principal amount of such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness, together with the outstanding principal amount of any remaining Indebtedness owing under the First Lien Loan Documents and not simultaneously Refinanced, shall be subject to the Senior Obligations Cap as defined in the Intercreditor Agreement.
 
" Person " means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association, company, partnership, Governmental Authority or other entity.
 
" Plan " means any employee pension benefit plan (other than a Multiemployer Plan) subject to the provisions of Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, and in respect of which the Parent or any ERISA Affiliate is (or, if such plan were terminated, would under Section 4069 of ERISA be deemed to be) an "employer" as defined in Section 3(5) of ERISA.
 
" Prime Rate " means the rate of interest per annum publicly announced from time to time by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as its prime rate in effect at its principal office in New York City; each change in the Prime Rate shall be effective from and including the date such change is publicly announced as being effective.
 
                “ Receivable ” means an Account owing to the Parent or any Subsidiary (before its transfer to a Receivables Subsidiary or to another Person), whether now existing or hereafter arising, together with all cash collections and other cash proceeds in respect of such Account, including all yield, finance charges or other related amounts accruing in respect thereof and all cash proceeds of Related Security with respect to such Receivable.
 
                “ Receivables Financing Debt ” means, as of any date with respect to any Permitted Receivables Financing, the amount of the outstanding uncollected Receivables subject to such Permitted Receivables Financing that would not be returned, directly or indirectly, to the Parent or the Borrower, if all such Receivables were to be collected at such date and such Permitted Receivables Financing were to be terminated at such date.
 
                “ Receivables Subsidiary ” means a wholly owned Subsidiary that does not engage in any activities other than participating in one or more Permitted Receivables Securitizations and activities incidental thereto; provided that (a) such Subsidiary does not have any Indebtedness other than Indebtedness incurred pursuant to a Permitted Receivables Securitization owed to financing parties (including the Parent or the applicable seller of Receivables) supported by Receivables and Related Security and (b) neither the Parent nor any Subsidiary Guarantees any Indebtedness or other obligation of such Subsidiary, other than Standard Securitization Undertakings.
 
 " Related Business " means any business in which the Parent or any of the Subsidiaries was engaged on the Effective Date and any business related, ancillary or complimentary to such business.
 
 " Related Parties " means, with respect to any specified Person, such Person's Affiliates and the respective directors, officers, employees, agents and advisors of such Person and such Person's Affiliates.
 
 " Related Security " means, with respect to any Receivables subject to a Permitted Receivables Financing, all assets that are customarily transferred or in respect of which security interests are customarily granted in connection with asset securitization transactions involving Receivables, including all collateral securing such Receivables, all contracts and all Guarantee or other obligations in respect of such Receivables, and all proceeds of such Receivables.
 
Restatement Transactions ” has the meaning specified in the First Lien Term Loan Agreement in effect on the date of this Agreement.
 
 " Restricted Debt " means (a) any Existing Debt Securities and (b) any other Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness owed to the Parent or a Subsidiary) of any Loan Party that (i) matures on or after the date that is one year prior to the Maturity Date and (ii) is unsecured or is secured by a Lien on Collateral that is junior to the Lien thereon granted under the Loan Documents.
 
 " Restricted Payment " means any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property) with respect to any Equity Interests in the Parent or any Subsidiary, or any payment (whether in cash, securities or other property), including any sinking fund or similar deposit, on account of the purchase, redemption, retirement, acquisition, cancellation or termination of any Equity Interests in the Parent or any Subsidiary or any option, warrant or other right to acquire any such Equity Interests in the Parent or any Subsidiary.
 
 " Restricted Property " means any "Operating Property" or "shares of capital stock or Debt issued by any Restricted Subsidiary and owned by the Company or Holdings or any Restricted Subsidiary", in each case within the meaning of the Existing Senior Notes Indentures.
 
 " S&P "   means Standard & Poor's, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., and any successor to its rating agency business.
 
 “ Secured Leverage Ratio ” means, on any date, the ratio of (a) Total Priority Indebtedness as of such date to (b) Consolidated EBITDA of the Parent for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters of the Parent ended on such date (or, if such date is not the last day of a fiscal quarter, ended on the last day of the fiscal quarter of the Parent most recently ended prior to such date).
 
 " Secured Obligations " has the meaning assigned to such term in the Collateral Agreement.
 
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Secured Obligations Amount ” has the meaning specified in the First Lien Term Loan Agreement in effect on the date of this Agreement.
 
" Security Documents " means the Collateral Agreement, the Mortgages and each other security agreement or other instrument or document executed and delivered pursuant to Section 5.09 or 5.10 to secure any of the Secured Obligations.
 
Settlement Agreement ” means the Settlement and Commercial Agreement between Lender, Borrower and Parent, of even date herewith.
 
" Sold Entity or Business " has the meaning assigned to such term in the definition of "Consolidated EBITDA"
 
" Standard Securitization Undertakings " means representations, warranties, covenants and indemnities made by the Parent or any of the Subsidiaries in connection with a Permitted Receivables Financing that are customary for Permitted Receivables Financings of the same type; provided that Standard Securitization Undertakings shall not include any Guarantee of any Indebtedness or collectability of any Receivables.
 
" Statutory Reserve Rate " means a fraction (expressed as a decimal), the numerator of which is the number one and the denominator of which is the number one minus the aggregate of the maximum reserve percentages (including any marginal, special, emergency or supplemental reserves) expressed as a decimal established by the Board to which the Lender is subject with respect to the Adjusted LIBO Rate for Eurocurrency funding (currently referred to as "Eurocurrency Liabilities" in Regulation D of the Board). Such reserve percentages shall include those imposed pursuant to such Regulation D.  Loans bearing interest at the Adjusted LIBO Rate shall be deemed to constitute Eurocurrency funding and to be subject to such reserve requirements without benefit of or credit for proration, exemptions or offsets that may be available from time to time to any Lender under such Regulation D or any comparable regulation. The Statutory Reserve Rate shall be adjusted automatically on and as of the effective date of any change in any reserve percentage.
 
" subsidiary " means, with respect to any Person (the " parent ") at any date, any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or other entity the accounts of which would be consolidated with those of the parent in the parent's consolidated financial statements if such financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP as of such date, as well as any other corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or other entity (a) of which securities or other ownership interests representing more than 50% of the equity or more than 50% of the ordinary voting power or, in the case of a partnership, more than 50% of the general partnership interests are, as of such date, owned, controlled or held, or (b) that is, as of such date, otherwise Controlled, by the parent or one or more subsidiaries of the parent or by the parent and one or more subsidiaries of the parent.
 
" Subsidiary " means any subsidiary of the Parent, including the Borrower.
 
'' Subsidiary Loan Party " means any Subsidiary that is not the Borrower, a Foreign Subsidiary, an NWO Subsidiary or a Receivables Subsidiary.
 
" Swap Agreement " means any agreement with respect to any swap, forward, future or derivative transaction or option or similar agreement involving, or settled by reference to, one or more rates, currencies, commodities, equity or debt instruments or securities, or economic, financial or pricing indices or measures of economic, financial or pricing risk or value or any similar transaction or any combination of these transactions; provided that no phantom stock or similar plan providing for payments only on account of services provided by current or former directors, officers, employees or consultants of the Parent or the Subsidiaries shall be a Swap Agreement.
 
Taxes ” means any and all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, charges or withholdings imposed by any Governmental Authority, and includes all liabilities, penalties and interest with respect to such amounts.
 
Term Loan Commitment ” means the commitment of Lender to make Loans hereunder in an amount not to exceed (a) $100,000,000.00, less (b) the amount of any termination or reduction by Borrower pursuant to Section 2.04 of this Agreement.
 
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" Total Assets " means, with respect to any Person as of any date, the amount of total assets of such Person and its subsidiaries that would be reflected on a balance sheet of such Person prepared as of such date on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.
 
Total Indebtedness ” means, as of any date, the sum (without duplication) of (a) the aggregate principal amount of Indebtedness of the Parent and the Subsidiaries outstanding as of such date that consists of Capital Lease Obligations, obligations for borrowed money and obligations in respect of the deferred purchase price of property or services, determined on a consolidated basis, plus (b) the aggregate amount, if any, of Receivables Financing Debt of the Parent and the Subsidiaries outstanding as of such date.
 
Total Leverage Ratio ” means, on any date, the ratio of (a) Total Indebtedness as of such date to (b) Consolidated EBITDA of the Parent for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters of the Parent ended on such date (or, if such date is not the last day of a fiscal quarter, ended on the last day of the fiscal quarter of the Parent most recently ended prior to such date).
 
Total Priority Indebtedness ” has the meaning specified in the First Lien Term Loan Agreement in effect on the date of this Agreement.
 
" Transactions " means the execution, delivery and performance by the Loan Parties of the Loan Documents, the borrowing of Loans and the use of the proceeds thereof.
 
" Withdrawal Liability " means liability to a Multiemployer Plan as a result of a complete or partial withdrawal from such Multiemployer Plan, as such terms are defined in Part I of Subtitle E of Title IV of ERISA.
 
SECTION 1.02.   Terms Generally.
 
 The definitions of terms herein shall apply equally to the singular and plural forms of the terms defined. Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms.  The words "include", "includes" and "including" shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase "without limitation". The word "will" shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word "shall". Unless the context requires otherwise (a) any definition of or reference to any agreement, instrument or other document herein shall be construed as referring to such agreement, instrument or other document as from time to time amended, supplemented or otherwise modified (subject to any restrictions on such amendments, supplements or modifications set forth herein), (b) any reference herein to any Person shall be construed to include such Person's successors and assigns, (c) the words "herein", "hereof' and "hereunder", and words of similar import, shall be construed to refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any particular provision hereof, (d) all references herein to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules shall be construed to refer to Articles and Sections of, and Exhibits and Schedules to, this Agreement and (e) the words "asset" and "property" shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect and to refer to any and all tangible and intangible assets and properties, including cash, securities, accounts and contract rights.
 
SECTION 1.03.   Accounting Terms; GAAP.
 
Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all terms of an accounting or financial nature shall be construed in accordance with GAAP, as in effect from time to time; provided that, if the Borrower notifies the Lender that the Borrower requests an amendment to any provision hereof to eliminate the effect of any change occurring after the date hereof in GAAP or in the application thereof on the operation of such provision, regardless of whether any such notice is given before or after such change in GAAP or in the application thereof, then such provision shall be interpreted on the basis of GAAP as in effect and applied immediately before such change shall have become effective until such notice shall have been withdrawn or such provision amended in accordance herewith.
 

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ARTICLE II
 

 
The Loans
 
SECTION 2.01.   Commitment.
 
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, Lender agrees to make Loans to the Borrower from time to time in an aggregate amount not to exceed the Term Loan Commitment.  Amounts borrowed under this Section 2.01 and repaid or prepaid may not be reborrowed.
 
SECTION 2.02.   Loans.
 
(a)   Provided no Default has occurred and is continuing, Lender will make Loans through September 30, 2013 on the following terms:
 
(i)  
the aggregate principal amount of all Loans made on or after the date of this Agreement will not exceed the Term Loan Commitment;
 
(ii)  
the Loans will be made in increments of no less than $25,000,000.00 following Lender’s receipt of a Borrowing Request in accordance with Section 2.03 below; and
 
(iii)  
all Loans will bear interest at the rates provided in, and interest on the Loans will be payable in accordance with the terms of, Section 2.07.
 
(b)   [ Intentionally omitted ].
 
SECTION 2.03.   Requests for Borrowings.
 
To request a Loan, the Borrower shall notify the Lender of such request by telephone not later than 12:00 noon, New York City time, three Business Days before the date of the proposed Loan.  Each such telephonic Borrowing Request shall be irrevocable and shall be confirmed promptly by hand delivery or telecopy to the Lender of a written Borrowing Request in a form approved by the Lender and signed by the Borrower. Each such telephonic and written Borrowing Request shall specify the following information in compliance with Section 2.02:
 
(i)  
the aggregate amount (expressed in Dollars) of the requested Loan (which must be equal to or greater than $25,000,000);
 
(ii)  
the date of such Loan, which must be a Business Day;
 
(iii)  
the location and number of the Borrower's account to which funds are to be disbursed.
 
SECTION 2.04.   Termination and Reduction of Commitment.
 
(a)   Unless previously terminated, the unused portion of the Term Loan Commitment shall terminate on the Maturity Date.
 
(b)   The Borrower may at any time from and after June 30, 2011 terminate, or from time to time reduce, the Term Loan Commitment without premium or penalty; provided that each reduction of the Term Loan Commitment shall be in an amount that is an integral multiple of $500,000 and not less than $5,000,000, provided that any termination or reduction of the Term Loan Commitment caused by the borrowing of a Loan or Loans may occur at any time.
 
(c)   The Borrower shall notify the Lender of any election to terminate or reduce the unused portion of the Term Loan Commitment under paragraph (b) of this Section at least three Business Days prior to the effective date of such termination or reduction, specifying such election and the effective date thereof. Each notice delivered by the Borrower pursuant to this Section shall be irrevocable; provided that a notice of termination of the unused portion of the Term Loan Commitment delivered by the Borrower may state that such notice is conditioned upon the effectiveness of other credit facilities, in which case such notice may be revoked by the Borrower (by notice to the Lender on or prior to the specified effective date) if such condition is not satisfied. Any termination or reduction of the Term Loan Commitment shall be permanent.
 
SECTION 2.05.   Repayment of Loans; Evidence of Debt.
 
(a)   The Borrower hereby unconditionally promises to pay to Lender the then unpaid principal amount of the Loans on the Maturity Date.
 
(b)   Lender shall maintain an account or accounts evidencing the indebtedness of the Borrower to Lender resulting from each Loan made by Lender, including the amounts of principal and interest payable and paid to Lender from time to time hereunder.
 
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(c)   The entries made in the accounts maintained pursuant to paragraph (b) or (c) of this Section shall be prima facie evidence of the existence and amounts of the obligations recorded therein; provided that the failure of Lender to maintain such accounts or any error therein shall not in any manner affect the obligation of the Borrower to repay the Loans in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
 
(d)   Lender may request that Loans made by it be evidenced by a promissory note.  In such event, the Borrower shall prepare, execute and deliver to such Lender a promissory note payable to the order of Lender (or, if requested by Lender, to Lender and its registered assigns) and in a form approved by Lender and in an amount equal to the Term Loan Commitment (although Borrower will only be obligated to repay the amount of the Loans actually outstanding, together with any other amounts owing under this Agreement) (the “ Note ”).
 
SECTION 2.06.   Prepayment of Loans.
 
(a)   The Borrower shall have the right at any time and from time to time to prepay any Loan in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, subject to prior notice in accordance with paragraph (b) of this Section, provided , however , that any such prepayment made prior to June 30, 2011 may only be made with cash flow generated by Borrower from its ordinary course business operations and must be accompanied by a certificate executed by a Financial Officer verifying the source of such repayment funds.
 
(b)   The Borrower shall notify the Lender by telephone (confirmed by telecopy) of any prepayment hereunder not later than 12:00 noon, New York City time, on the date of prepayment. Each such notice shall be irrevocable and shall specify the prepayment date and the principal amount of each Loan or portion thereof to be prepaid.  Prepayments will be accompanied by accrued interest as required by Section 2.07.
 
SECTION 2.07.   Interest.
 
(a)   The Loans shall bear interest at the Adjusted LIBO Rate plus twelve percent (12.00%) per annum.
 
(b)   Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any principal of or interest on any Loan or any fee or other amount payable by the Borrower hereunder is not paid when due, whether at stated maturity, upon acceleration or otherwise, such overdue amount shall bear interest, after as well as before judgment, at a rate per annum equal to two percent (2%) plus the rate otherwise applicable to such Loan.
 
(c)   Accrued interest on each Loan shall be payable in arrears on each Interest Payment Date for such Loan; provided that (i) interest accrued pursuant to paragraph (b) of this Section shall be payable on demand, and (ii) in the event of any repayment or prepayment of any Loan, accrued interest on the principal amount repaid or prepaid shall be payable on the date of such repayment or prepayment.
 
(d)   All interest hereunder shall be computed on the basis of a year of 360 days.
 
(e)   If Lender determines that reasonable means do not exist for determining the Adjusted LIBO Rate for any Interest Period, then Lender shall not be obligated to make Loans bearing interest at a rate based on the Adjusted LIBO Rate and all Loans will instead bear interest at a rate equal to the Alternative Interest Rate, until the next month for which Lender determines that the Adjusted LIBO Rate can reasonably be established.
 
SECTION 2.08.   Taxes.
 
(a)   Any and all payments by or on account of any obligation of the Borrower hereunder shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes; provided that if the Borrower shall be required to deduct any Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes from such payments, then (i) the sum payable shall be increased as necessary so that after making all required deductions for Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes (including any such deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 2.08(a)), Lender receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deductions been made, (ii) the Borrower shall make such deductions and (iii) the Borrower shall pay the full amount deducted to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law.
 
(b)   In addition, and without duplication of paragraph (a) hereof, the Borrower shall pay any Other Taxes to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law.
 
(c)   The Borrower shall indemnify the Lender within 30 days after written demand therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes paid or payable by the Lender, on or with respect to any payment by or on account of any obligation of the Borrower hereunder (including Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section 2.08) and any penalties, interest and reasonable expenses (other than Excluded Taxes) arising therefrom or with respect thereto; provided , that the Lender provides the Borrower with a written record therefor setting forth in reasonable detail the basis and calculation of such amounts.
 
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(d)   As soon as practicable after any payment of Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes by the Borrower to a Governmental Authority, the Borrower shall deliver to the Lender the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such Governmental Authority evidencing such payment, to the extent such a receipt is issued therefor, or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to Lender.
 
(e)   If the Lender determines, in its sole discretion, that it has received a refund of any Taxes or Other Taxes as to which it has been indemnified by the Borrower or with respect to which the Borrower has paid additional amounts pursuant to this Section 2.08, it shall pay over such refund to the Borrower (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made, or additional amounts paid, by the Borrower under this Section 2.08 with respect to the Taxes or Other Taxes giving rise to such refund), net of all out-of-pocket expenses of the Lender and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund); provided , that the Borrower, upon the request of the Lender, agrees to repay the amount paid over to the Borrower (plus any penalties, interest or other reasonable charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) to the Lender in the event the Lender is required to repay such refund to such Governmental Authority.  This Section shall not be construed to require the Lender or any Lender to make available its tax returns (or any other information relating to its Taxes which it deems confidential) to the Borrower or any other Person.
 
(f)   If Lender claims any indemnity payment or additional amounts payable pursuant to this Section 2.08, it shall use reasonable efforts (consistent with legal and regulatory restrictions) to file any certificate or document reasonably requested by the Borrower following the reasonable written request by the Borrower if the making of such a filing would avoid the need for or reduce the amount of any such indemnity payment or additional amounts that may thereafter accrue and would not, in the sole determination of Lender, require the disclosure of information that the Lender reasonably considers confidential or be otherwise disadvantageous to the Lender.
 
SECTION 2.09.   Payments Generally.
 
The Borrower shall make each payment required to be made by it hereunder (whether of principal, interest, fees, or of amounts payable under Section 2.08, or otherwise) by wire transfer to Lender prior to 2:00 p.m., Local Time, on the date when due, in immediately available funds, without set-off or counterclaim, pursuant to the following wire instructions:
 
ABA#:                021 000 089
Acct#:                3053-2921
Beneficiary:          NYTO-Supplier Remittance, General Motors Company
Bank Name:         Citibank
Bank Address:        1 Penn's Way, New Castle, Delaware 19720-2437

Any amounts received after such time on any date may, in the discretion of the Lender be deemed to have been received on the next succeeding Business Day for purposes of calculating interest thereon. All such payments shall be made to the Lender at its offices at 767 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10153.
 
 
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ARTICLE III
 
 
Representations and Warranties
 
Each of the Parent and the Borrower represents and warrants to the Lender that:
 
SECTION 3.01.   Organization; Powers.
 
Each of the Parent and the Subsidiaries is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, has all requisite power and authority to carry on its business as now conducted and, except where the failure to do so, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, is qualified to do business in, and is in good standing in, every jurisdiction where such qualification is required.
 
SECTION 3.02.   Authorization; Enforceability.
 
The Transactions to be entered into by each Loan Party are within such Loan Party's corporate powers and have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate and, if required, stockholder action. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Parent and the Borrower and constitutes, and each other Loan Document to which any Loan Party is to be a party, when executed and delivered by such Loan Party, will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Parent, the Borrower and such other Loan Party (as the case may be), enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and subject to general principles of equity, regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.
 
SECTION 3.03.   Governmental Approvals; No Conflicts.
 
The Transactions (a) do not require any consent or approval of, registration or filing with, or any other action by, any Governmental Authority, except such as have been obtained or made and are in full force and effect and except registrations and filings necessary to perfect Liens created under the Loan Documents, (b) will not violate any applicable law or regulation or the charter, by-laws or other organizational documents of any Loan Party or any order of any Governmental Authority, (c) will not violate or result in a default under any indenture, agreement or other instrument binding upon the Parent or any Subsidiary or its assets the violation or breach of which would result in or would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or give rise to a right thereunder to require any payment to be made by the Parent or any Subsidiary, and (d) will not result in the creation or imposition of any Lien on any asset of the Parent or any Subsidiary, except Liens created under the Loan Documents.
 
SECTION 3.04.   Financial Condition; No Material Adverse Change.
 
(a)   The Parent has heretofore furnished to the Lender its consolidated balance sheet and statements of income, stockholders equity and cash flows (i) as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, reported on by Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent public accountants, and (ii) as of and for the fiscal quarter and the portion of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2009, certified by its chief financial officer.  Such financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position and results of operations and cash flows of the Parent and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of such dates and for such periods in accordance with GAAP, subject to year-end audit adjustments and the absence of footnotes in the case of the statements referred to in clause (ii) above.
 
(b)   Since June 30, 2009, there has been no material adverse change in the business, assets, operations or financial condition of the Parent and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, except for the information disclosed to the Lender prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement.
 
SECTION 3.05.   Litigation and Environmental Matters.
 
(a)   There are no actions, suits or proceedings by or before any arbitrator or Governmental Authority pending against or, to the knowledge of the Parent or the Borrower, threatened against or affecting the Parent or any Subsidiary (i) as to which there is a reasonable possibility of an adverse determination and that, if adversely determined, would reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect (other than the Disclosed Matters) or (ii) that involve any of the Loan Documents or the Transactions.
 
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(b)   Except for the Disclosed Matters and except with respect to any other matters that, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, neither the Parent nor any Subsidiary (i) has failed to comply with any Environmental Law or to obtain, maintain or comply with any permit, license or other approval required under any Environmental Law, (ii) has become subject to any Environmental Liability, (iii) has received notice of any claim with respect to any Environmental Liability or (iv) knows of any basis for any Environmental Liability.
 
SECTION 3.06.   Compliance with Laws and Agreements.
 
Each of the Parent and the Subsidiaries is in compliance with all laws, regulations and orders of any Governmental Authority applicable to it or its property and all indentures, agreements and other instruments binding upon it or its property, except where the failure to do so, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.  No Default has occurred and is continuing.
 
SECTION 3.07.   Investment Company Status.
 
Neither the Parent nor any of the Subsidiaries is an "investment company" as defined in, or subject to regulation under, the Investment Company Act of 1940.
 
SECTION 3.08.   Taxes.
 
Each of the Parent and the Subsidiaries has timely filed or caused to be filed all Federal and other material Tax returns and reports required to have been filed and has paid or caused to be paid all Taxes required to have been paid by it, except (a) Taxes that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which the Parent or such Subsidiary, as applicable, has set aside on its books adequate reserves or (b) to the extent that the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
 
SECTION 3.09.   ERISA.
 
(a)           Each of the Parent and its ERISA Affiliates is in compliance in all material respects with the applicable provisions of ERISA and the Code and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder.  No ERISA Event has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur that, when taken together with all other such ERISA Events, could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
 
(b)           Each Foreign Pension Plan is in compliance in all material respects with all requirements of law applicable thereto and the respective requirements of the governing documents for such plan.  With respect to each Foreign Pension Plan, none of the Parent, its Affiliates or any of their respective directors, officers, employees or agents has engaged in a transaction that could subject the Parent or any Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, to a tax or civil penalty that could reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect.  With respect to each Foreign Pension Plan, reserves have been established in the financial statements furnished to  Lender in respect of any unfunded liabilities in accordance with applicable law or, where required, in accordance with ordinary accounting practices in the jurisdiction in which such Foreign Pension Plan is maintained.  The aggregate unfunded liabilities with respect to such Foreign Pension Plans could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect
 
SECTION 3.10.   Disclosure.
 
None of the reports, financial statements or other information furnished by or on behalf of the Parent or the Borrower to the Lender in connection with the negotiation of the Loan Documents or delivered thereunder, taken as a whole, contains any material misstatement of fact or omits to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that, with respect to projected financial information or any information concerning future proposed and intended activities of the Parent and the Subsidiaries, the Parent and the Borrower represent only that such information was prepared in good faith based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at the time (it being understood that such projections and information are forward looking statements which by their nature are subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the Parent's and the Borrower's control, and that actual results may differ, perhaps materially, from those expressed or implied in such forward looking statements, and no assurance can be given that the projections will be realized).
 
SECTION 3.11.   Subsidiaries.
 
Schedule 3.11 sets forth the name and jurisdiction of organization of, and the direct or indirect ownership interest of the Parent in, each Subsidiary, and identifies each Subsidiary that is a Subsidiary Loan Party, in each case, as of the date of this Agreement.
 
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SECTION 3.12.   Properties.
 
(a)   Each of the Parent and its Subsidiaries has good title to, or valid leasehold interests in, all its real and personal property material to its business (including its Mortgaged Properties), except for minor defects in title that do not interfere with its ability to conduct its business as currently conducted or to utilize such properties for their intended purposes.
 
(b)   Each of the Parent and its Subsidiaries owns, or is licensed to use, all Intellectual Property material to the business of the Parent and the Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) as presently conducted, and the use thereof by the Parent and its Subsidiaries does not infringe upon the rights of any other Person, except for any such infringements that, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
 
(c)   Schedule 3.12 sets forth the address of each real property that is owned by the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries as of the date of this Agreement and, in the case of each such property designated on such Schedule as a Mortgaged Property, the proper jurisdiction for filing of a Mortgage in respect thereof.
 
(d)   As of the date of this Agreement, no Loan Party has received notice of, or has knowledge of, any pending or contemplated condemnation proceeding affecting any Mortgaged Property or any sale or disposition thereof in lieu of condemnation.  Neither any Mortgaged Property nor any interest therein is subject to any right of first refusal, option or other contractual right to purchase such Mortgaged Property or interest therein.
 
SECTION 3.13.   Collateral Matters.
 
(a)   The Collateral Agreement, upon execution and delivery thereof by the parties thereto, will create in favor of the Lender, a valid and enforceable security interest in the Collateral (as defined therein) and (i) when the Collateral (as defined therein) constituting certificated securities (as defined in the Uniform Commercial Code), is delivered to the Lender, or is delivered to a collateral agent for Lender subject to the terms and conditions of the Intercreditor Agreement, together with instruments of transfer duly endorsed in blank, the security interest created under the Collateral Agreement will constitute a fully perfected security interest in all right, title and interest of the pledgors thereunder in such Collateral, prior and superior in right to any other Person other than the secured parties under the First Lien Loan Documents, and (ii) when financing statements in appropriate form are filed in the applicable filing offices, the security interest created under the Collateral Agreement will constitute a fully perfected security interest in all right, title and interest of the Loan Parties in the remaining Collateral (as defined therein) to the extent perfection can be obtained by filing Uniform Commercial Code financing statements, prior and superior to the rights of any other Person, except for rights secured by Liens permitted by Section 6.02.
 
(b)   Each Mortgage, upon execution and delivery thereof by the parties thereto, will create in favor of the Lender, a legal, valid and enforceable second lien and security interest in all the applicable mortgagor’s right, title and interest in and to the Mortgaged Properties and when the Mortgages have been filed in the jurisdictions specified therein, the Mortgages will constitute a fully perfected second lien mortgage and security interest in all right, title and interest of the mortgagors in the Mortgaged Properties and the proceeds thereof, prior and superior in right to any other Person, but subject to Liens permitted by Section 6.02.
 
(c)   Upon the recordation of the Copyright Security Agreement with the United States Copyright Office pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 205 and the regulations thereunder and the filing of the financing statements referred to in paragraph (a) of this Section, the security interest created under the Collateral Agreement will constitute a fully perfected security interest in all right, title and interest of the Loan Parties in the material Copyrights in which a security interest may be perfected by filing in the United States of America, in each case prior and superior in right to any other Person, but subject to Liens permitted by Section 6.02 (it being understood that subsequent recordings in the United States Copyright Office may be necessary to perfect a security interest in such Copyrights acquired by the Loan Parties after the date of this Agreement).
 
(d)   Each Security Document, other than any Security Document referred to in the preceding paragraphs of this Section, upon execution and delivery thereof by the parties thereto and the making of the filings and taking of the other actions provided for therein, will be effective under applicable law to create in favor of the Lender, a valid and enforceable security interest in the Collateral subject thereto and will constitute a fully perfected security interest in all right, title and interest of the Loan Parties in the Collateral subject thereto, prior and superior to the rights of any other Person, except for rights secured by Liens permitted by Section 6.02.
 
 
18

ARTICLE IV
 
 
Conditions
 
SECTION 4.01.   Conditions to Effectiveness.   The obligations of the Lenders to make Loans hereunder shall not become effective until the date on which each of the following conditions is satisfied:
 
(a)   The Lender (or its counsel) shall have received (i) from each party hereto either a counterpart of this Agreement signed on behalf of such party or written evidence satisfactory to the Lender (which may include telecopy or electronic mail transmission of a signed signature page of this Agreement) that such party has signed a counterpart of this Agreement, (ii) from each of the Borrower and each Guarantor a counterpart of the Guarantee Agreement signed on behalf of such party or written evidence satisfactory to the Lender (which may include telecopy or electronic mail transmission of a signed signature page of the Guarantee Agreement) that such party has signed a counterpart of the Guarantee Agreement, and (iii) from each party to each of the Loan Documents, the Access Agreement and the Settlement Agreement, a counterpart of such document signed on behalf of such party or written evidence satisfactory to the Lender (which may include telecopy or electronic mail transmission of a signed signature page) that such party has signed such document.
 
(b)   The Lender shall have received favorable written opinions (addressed to the Lender and dated the date hereof) of each of Richard G. Raymond, General Counsel of the Borrower, Shearman & Sterling LLP, counsel to the Loan Parties, and Driggers, Schultz & Herbst, P.C., Michigan counsel to the Loan Parties, substantially in the form of collective Exhibit E, respectively.  The Parent and the Borrower hereby request such counsel to deliver such opinions.
 
(c)   The Lender shall have received a fully executed Secretary’s Certificate in the form of Exhibit F hereto.
 
(d)   The Restatement Effective Date has occurred under the First Lien Loan Documents and the Restatement Transactions (as defined therein) are effective.
 
(e)   The Collateral Requirement has been met.
 
SECTION 4.02.   Each Loan Event.
 
The obligation of Lender to make any Loan is subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions:
 
(a)   The representations and warranties of the Loan Parties set forth in the Loan Documents (except the representation and warranty set forth in Section 3.04(b) with respect to Loans made after the date of this Agreement) shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as of the date of such Loan, except to the extent such representations and warranties expressly relate to an earlier date (in which case such representations and warranties shall have been true and correct in all material respects with respect to such earlier date).
 
(b)   At the time of and immediately after giving effect to such Loan, (i) no Default shall have occurred and be continuing and (ii) the total principal amount of all Loans shall not exceed the Term Loan Commitment.
 
(c)   At the time of such Loan, (i) no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing under  the Settlement Agreement, and (ii) no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing under the First Lien Loan Documents (regardless of whether such Event of Default constitutes an Event of Default under this Agreement at that time).
 
(d)   Simultaneously with the delivery or other submission of a Borrowing Request under Section 2.03 of this Agreement, Borrower shall execute and deliver to Lender under the Warrant Agreement, dated as of the date of this Agreement, between the Borrower and the Lender, a Warrant Certificate, dated the date of funding of the Loan contemplated by the Borrowing Request, which Warrant Certificate shall be substantially similar to, and with the same Exercise Price and Expiration Date as are set forth and defined in, the Warrant Certificate delivered by the Borrower to the Lender on the date hereof, except that the new Warrant Certificate shall be for an amount of shares of common stock of the Borrower equal to (A) 6,915,226 by (B) the principal amount of the initial Loan divided by the Term Loan Commitment as of such date.
 
(e)  Each Loan shall be deemed to constitute a representation and warranty by the Parent and the Borrower on the date thereof as to the matters specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section.
 
 
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ARTICLE V
 
 
Affirmative Covenants
 
Until the Term Loan Commitment has expired or been terminated and the principal of and interest on each Loan and all fees payable hereunder shall have been paid in full, the Parent and the Borrower covenant and agree with the Lender that:
 
SECTION 5.01.   Financial Statements and Other Information.
 
The Parent or the Borrower will furnish to the Lender:
 
(a)   within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Parent, its audited consolidated balance sheet and related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows as of the end of and for such year, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the previous fiscal year, all reported on by independent public accountants of recognized national standing (without a “going concern” or like qualification or exception and without any qualification or exception as to the scope of such audit) to the effect that such consolidated financial statements present fairly in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of the Parent and its consolidated Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP consistently applied; provided that it is understood and agreed that the delivery of the Parent’s Form 10-K and annual report for the applicable fiscal year shall satisfy the requirements of this clause (a) if such materials contain the information required by this clause (a);
 
(b)   within 45 days after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal year of the Parent, its condensed consolidated balance sheet and related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows as of the end of and for such fiscal quarter and the then elapsed portion of the fiscal year, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the corresponding period or periods of (or, in the case of the balance sheet, as of the end of) the previous fiscal year, all certified by one of its Financial Officers as presenting fairly in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of the Parent and its consolidated Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP consistently applied, subject to normal year-end audit adjustments and the absence of footnotes; provided that it is understood and agreed that the delivery of the Parent’s Form 10-Q for the applicable fiscal quarter shall satisfy the requirements of this clause (b) if such materials contain the information required by this clause (b);
 
(c)   concurrently with any delivery of financial statements under clause (a) or (b) above, a certificate of a Financial Officer of the Parent (i) certifying as to whether a Default has occurred and, if a Default has occurred, specifying the details thereof and any action taken or proposed to be taken with respect thereto, (ii) setting forth reasonably detailed calculations demonstrating compliance with Sections 6.11 and 6.12, and (iii) stating whether any change in GAAP or in the application thereof affecting the financial statements accompanying such certificate in any material respect has occurred since the date of the audited financial statements referred to in Section 3.04 and, if any such change has occurred, specifying the effect of such change on such financial statements;
 
(d)   promptly after the same become publicly available, copies of all periodic and other reports, proxy statements and other materials filed by the Parent or any Subsidiary with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or any Governmental Authority succeeding to any or all of the functions of said Commission, or with any national securities exchange, or distributed by the Parent to its shareholders generally, as the case may be; and
 
(e)   promptly following any request therefor, such other information regarding the operations, business affairs and financial condition of the Parent or any Subsidiary, or compliance with the terms of the Loan Documents, as the Lender may reasonably request.
 
Any financial statement, report, proxy statement or other material required to be delivered pursuant to clause (a), (b) or (d) of this Section shall be deemed to have been furnished to the Lender on the date that the Parent notifies the Lender that such financial statement, report, proxy statement or other material is posted on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at www.sec.gov or on the Parent’s website at www.aam.com; provided that the Parent will furnish paper copies of such financial statement, report, proxy statement or material to the Lender, if the Lender so requests, by notice to the Parent, that the Parent do so, until the Parent receives notice from the Lender to cease delivering such paper copies.
 
SECTION 5.02.   Notices of Material Events.
 
The Parent or the Borrower will furnish to the Lender written notice of the following, promptly after any executive officer or Financial Officer of the Parent or the Borrower obtains actual knowledge thereof:
 
(a)   the occurrence of any Default;
 
(b)   the filing or commencement of any action, suit or proceeding by or before any arbitrator or Governmental Authority against or affecting the Parent or any Subsidiary that involves a reasonable possibility of an adverse determination and that, if adversely determined, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
 
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(c)   the occurrence of any ERISA Event that, alone or together with any other ERISA Events that have occurred, would result in or would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; and
 
(d)   any other development that would result in or would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
 
Each notice delivered under this Section shall be accompanied by a statement of a Financial Officer or other executive officer of the Parent or the Borrower setting forth the details of the event or development requiring such notice and any action taken or proposed to be taken with respect thereto.
 
SECTION 5.03.   Existence; Conduct of Business.
 
The Parent and the Borrower will, and will cause each of the other Subsidiaries to, do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve, renew and keep in full force and effect its legal existence and the rights, licenses, permits, privileges and franchises, material to the conduct of its business; provided that (i) the foregoing shall not prohibit any merger, consolidation, liquidation or dissolution permitted under Section 6.03 and (ii) neither the Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries shall be required to preserve any rights, licenses, permits or franchises, if the Parent or such Subsidiary shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of its business and if the loss thereof would not have and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Affect.
 
SECTION 5.04.   Payment of Obligations.
 
The Parent and the Borrower will, and will cause each of the other Subsidiaries to, pay its obligations, including Tax liabilities (but excluding Indebtedness), that, if not paid, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect before the same shall become delinquent or in default, except where (a) the validity or amount thereof is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and (b) the Parent, the Borrower or such other Subsidiary has set aside on its books adequate reserves with respect thereto in accordance with GAAP.
 
SECTION 5.05.   Maintenance of Properties; Insurance.
 
The Parent and the Borrower will, and will cause each of the other Subsidiaries to, (a) keep and maintain all property material to the conduct of its business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and (b) maintain, with financially sound and reputable insurance companies, insurance in such amounts and against such risks as are reasonable and prudent, as well as such insurance as is required by any Security Document.
 
SECTION 5.06.   Books and Records: Inspection Rights.
 
The Parent and the Borrower will, and will cause each of the other Subsidiaries to, keep proper financial books of record and account in which full, true and correct entries are made of all financial dealings and transactions in relation to its business and activities in order to produce its financial statements in accordance with GAAP.  The Parent and the Borrower will, and will cause each of the other Subsidiaries to, permit any representatives designated by the Lender, upon reasonable prior notice and at the Lender’s expense, to visit and inspect its properties, to examine and make extracts from its books and records, and to discuss its affairs, finances and condition with its officers and independent accountants, all at such reasonable times during normal business hours and as often as reasonably requested (subject to reasonable requirements of confidentiality, including requirements imposed by law or contract).
 
SECTION 5.07.   Compliance with Laws.
 
The Parent and the Borrower will, and will cause each of the other Subsidiaries to, comply with all laws, rules, regulations and orders of any Governmental Authority applicable to it or its property, except where the failure to do so, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
 
SECTION 5.08.   Use of Proceeds.
 
The proceeds of the Loans will be used for general corporate purposes. No part of the proceeds of any Loan will be used, whether directly or indirectly, for any purpose that entails a violation of any of the Regulations of the Board, including Regulations T, U and X.
 
SECTION 5.09.   Additional Subsidiary Loan Parties.
 
 If any Subsidiary Loan Party is formed or otherwise acquired after the date hereof or any Subsidiary that is not a Subsidiary Loan Party subsequently becomes a Subsidiary Loan Party, then, in each case, within 10 Business Days thereafter the Parent or the Borrower shall notify the Lender thereof and cause such Subsidiary to (a) execute a supplement to the Guarantee Agreement (substantially in the form provided as an annex thereto or otherwise in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Lender) in order to become a Guarantor and (b) satisfy the Collateral Requirement.
 
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SECTION 5.10.   Information Regarding Collateral.
 
(a)   The Parent or the Borrower will furnish to the Lender prompt written notice of any change (i) in the legal name of any Loan Party, as set forth in its organizational documents, (ii) in the jurisdiction of organization or the form of organization of any Loan Party (including as a result of any merger or consolidation), or (iii) in the organizational identification number, if any, or, with respect to any Loan Party organized under the laws of a jurisdiction that requires such information to be set forth on the face of a Uniform Commercial Code financing statement, the Federal Taxpayer Identification Number of such Loan Party.  The Parent and the Borrower agree not to effect or permit any change referred to in the preceding sentence unless all filings have been made under the Uniform Commercial Code or otherwise that are required in order for the Lender to continue at all times following such change to have a valid, legal and perfected security interest in all the Collateral.
 
(b)   Each year, at the time of delivery of annual financial statements with respect to the preceding fiscal year pursuant to clause (a) of Section 5.01, the Parent or the Borrower shall deliver to the Lender a certificate of a Financial Officer attaching a Perfection Schedule setting forth any changes, including all additions, in the information required pursuant to the Perfection Schedule (other than Sections 2-6 thereof) or confirming that there has been no change in such information since the Perfection Schedule included in the Collateral Agreement on the date of this Agreement or the date of the most recent certificate delivered pursuant to this Section.
 
(c)   The Borrower (i) will furnish to the Lender prompt written notice of any casualty or other insured damage to any material portion of any Collateral or the commencement of any action or proceeding for the taking of any Collateral or any part thereof or interest therein under power of eminent domain or by condemnation or similar proceeding and (ii) will ensure that the net proceeds of any such event (whether in the form of insurance proceeds, condemnation awards or otherwise) are collected and applied in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Security Documents.
 
SECTION 5.11.   Further Assurances.
 
(a)   Each of the Parent and the Borrower will, and will cause each Subsidiary Loan Party to, execute any and all further documents, financing statements, agreements and instruments, and take all such further actions (including the filing and recording of financing statements, fixture filings, mortgages, deeds of trust and other documents), which may be required under any applicable law, or which the Lender may reasonably request, to cause the Collateral Requirement to be and remain satisfied at all times or otherwise to effectuate the provisions of the Loan Documents, all at the expense of the Loan Parties.
 
(b)   If any material assets (including any real property or improvements thereto or any interest therein having an aggregate fair market value or purchase price exceeding $25,000,000, other than leasehold interests in real property not owned by the Parent or a Subsidiary) are acquired by any Loan Party after the date of this Agreement (other than assets constituting Collateral under the Collateral Agreement that become subject to the Lien of the Collateral Agreement upon acquisition thereof), the Borrower will notify the Lender thereof, and, if requested by the Lender, the Parent and the Borrower will cause such assets to be subjected to a Lien securing the Secured Obligations (in the same manner as Collateral under the Collateral Agreement secures the Secured Obligations) and will take, and cause the Subsidiary Loan Parties to take, such actions as shall be necessary or reasonably requested by the Lender to cause the Collateral Requirement to be satisfied with respect to such assets, including actions described in paragraph (a) of this Section, all at the expense of the Loan Parties.
 
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ARTICLE VI
 
 
Negative Covenants
 
Until the Term Loan Commitment has expired or terminated and the principal of and interest on each Loan and all fees payable hereunder have been paid in full, the Parent and the Borrower covenant and agree with the Lender that:
 
SECTION 6.01.   Indebtedness.
 
(a)   The Parent and the Borrower will not, and will not permit any other Subsidiary to, create, incur, assume or permit to exist any Indebtedness, including pursuant to any Guarantee of Indebtedness of the Parent or another Subsidiary, except:
 
(i)  
Indebtedness owing to the Parent or another Subsidiary, if also permitted by Section 6.08;
 
(ii)  
Guarantees of Indebtedness of the Parent or a Subsidiary, if also permitted by Section 6.08;
 
(iii)  
any Indebtedness under the First Lien Loan Documents and any Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness incurred to refinance any such Indebtedness and (B) Indebtedness under the Loan Documents;
 
(iv)  
Existing Debt Securities outstanding on the date of this Agreement, and any Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness incurred to refinance any such Indebtedness, and (B) other Indebtedness existing as of the date of this Agreement and set forth on Schedule 6.01 hereto;
 
(v)  
other Indebtedness of a Loan Party or NWO Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party secured by any Lien on any asset of any Loan Party and Receivables Financing Debt attributable to any Permitted Receivables Financing; provided that (A) the aggregate principal amount of Indebtedness permitted by this clause shall not exceed $75,000,000 at any time outstanding and (B) not more than $25,000,000 of the aggregate principal amount of such Indebtedness (other than Receivables Financing Debt and any Indebtedness secured by Liens permitted by clause (e) of Section 6.02) shall be secured by Liens; provided further that, the limitation in each of clause (A) and clause (B) above may be exceeded if, at the time any such Indebtedness is incurred (or results from a Permitted Acquisition) in excess of such limitation (both before and after giving effect to such incurrence and application of the proceeds thereof), no Default shall exist or shall result therefrom and the ratio of the Collateral Value Amount to the Secured Obligations Amount shall equal or exceed 1.75 to 1.0;
 
(vi)  
other unsecured Indebtedness of any Loan Party or NWO Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party; provided that the aggregate principal amount of Indebtedness permitted by this clause shall not exceed $250,000,000 at any time outstanding; provided further that such limitation may be exceeded if, at the time any such Indebtedness is incurred (or results from a Permitted Acquisition) in excess of such limitation (both before and after giving effect to such incurrence and the application of the proceeds thereof), no Default shall exist or shall result therefrom and the Total Leverage Ratio shall not exceed 3.25 to 1.00;
 
(vii)  
other Indebtedness of any Foreign Subsidiary and Receivables Financing Debt attributable to Receivables of any Foreign Subsidiary; provided that the aggregate principal amount of Indebtedness permitted by this clause (other than Indebtedness owing by a Foreign Subsidiary to another Foreign Subsidiary) shall not exceed $175,000,000  at any time outstanding; provided further that such limitation may be exceeded if, at the time any such Indebtedness is incurred (or results from results from a Permitted Acquisition) in excess of such limitation (both before and after giving effect to such incurrence), no Default shall exist or shall result therefrom and the ratio of the Collateral Value Amount (adjusted to reflect Indebtedness of Foreign Subsidiaries after giving effect to the incurrence of such Indebtedness) to the Secured Obligations Amount is equal to or exceeds 1.75 to 1.0; and
 
(b)   None of the Parent, the Borrower or any other Subsidiary will issue any Disqualified Equity Interests, other than any such issuance by a Subsidiary to the Parent or another Subsidiary (except by a Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party to a Loan Party) otherwise permitted by this Agreement.
 
SECTION 6.02.   Liens.
 
The Parent and the Borrower will not, and will not permit any other Subsidiary to, create, incur, assume or permit to exist any Lien on any property or asset now owned or hereafter acquired by it, or assign or sell any income or revenues (including accounts receivable) or rights in respect of any thereof, except:
 
(a)   Liens created under the Loan Documents;
 
(b)   Liens created under the First Lien Loan Documents;
 
(c)   Permitted Encumbrances;
 
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(d)   any Lien on any property or asset of the Parent or any Subsidiary existing on the date of this Agreement (other than Liens of the type permitted under clause (h) of this Section) and set forth in Schedule 6.02; provided that (i) such Lien shall not apply to any other property or asset of the Parent or any Subsidiary and (ii) such Lien shall secure only those obligations which it secures on the date of this Agreement and extensions, renewals and replacements thereof that do not increase the outstanding principal amount thereof;
 
(e)   any Lien existing on any property or asset prior to the acquisition thereof by the Parent or any Subsidiary or existing on any property or asset of any Person that becomes a Subsidiary after the date of this Agreement prior to the time such Person becomes a Subsidiary; provided that (i) such Lien is not created in contemplation of or in connection with such acquisition or such Person becoming a Subsidiary, as the case may be, (ii) such Lien shall not apply to any other property or assets of the Parent or any Subsidiary, (iii) such Lien shall secure only those obligations which it secures on the date of such acquisition or the date such Person becomes a Subsidiary, as the case may be, and extensions, renewals and replacements thereof that do not increase the outstanding principal amount thereof and (iv) if such Lien secures Indebtedness, such Indebtedness is permitted by Section 6.01 and the aggregate principal amount of all Indebtedness secured by Liens permitted by this clause (e) does not exceed $50,000,000;
 
(f)   Liens on fixed or capital assets acquired, constructed or improved by the Parent or any Subsidiary on or after the date of this Agreement; provided that (i) such Liens secure Indebtedness incurred to finance the acquisition, construction or improvement of such fixed or capital assets, including Capital Lease Obligations and any Indebtedness assumed in connection with the acquisition of any such assets or secured by a Lien on any such assets prior to the acquisition thereof, and extensions, renewals and replacements of any such Indebtedness that do not increase the outstanding principal amount thereof, (ii) such Liens and the Indebtedness secured thereby are incurred prior to or within 360 days after such acquisition or the completion of such construction or improvement, (iii) the Indebtedness secured thereby is permitted by Section 6.01 and does not exceed the cost of acquiring, constructing or improving such fixed or capital assets, and (iv) such Liens shall not apply to any other property or assets of the Parent or any Subsidiary (other than to accessions to such fixed or capital assets and provided that individual financings of equipment provided by a single lender may be cross-collateralized to other financings of equipment provided solely by such lender);
 
(g)   any other Lien on any property or asset of any Foreign Subsidiary; provided that (i) such Lien secures Indebtedness or other obligations of such Subsidiary that is not Guaranteed by any Loan Party and (ii) with respect to Indebtedness such Indebtedness is permitted by Section 6.01;
 
(h)   Liens comprising easements, rights of way or other encumbrances on title to real property that do not render title to the property encumbered thereby unmarketable or do not materially interfere with the ordinary conduct of business of the Parent or any Subsidiary;
 
(i)   assignments and sales of Receivables and Related Security pursuant to a Permitted Receivables Financing and Liens arising pursuant to a Permitted Receivables Financing on Receivables and Related Security sold or financed in connection with such Permitted Receivables Financing; provided that the related Receivables Financing Debt is permitted by Section 6.01;
 
(j)   any other Lien securing Indebtedness or other obligations of any Loan Party; provided that (i) such Lien secures Indebtedness permitted by clause (v) of Section 6.01(a) or other obligations to the extent such obligations do not exceed, when taken together with Indebtedness permitted under Section 6.01(a)(v)(B), $15,000,000 and (ii) such Lien shall not attach to Restricted Property and, if any such Lien attaches to Collateral, such Lien shall be junior to the Liens granted pursuant to the Loan Documents;
 
(k)   any purchase option, call or similar right of a third party that owns Equity Interests in a NWO Subsidiary with respect to any Equity Interests in such NWO Subsidiary that are customary among parties to a joint venture; and
 
(l)   any Lien securing the obligations under the Access Agreement.
 
SECTION 6.03.   Fundamental Changes
 
(a)   The Parent and the Borrower will not, and will not permit any other Subsidiary to, merge into or consolidate with any other Person, or permit any other Person to merge into or consolidate with it, or sell, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of (in one transaction or in a series of transactions) all or substantially all of the assets of the Parent and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or liquidate or dissolve, except that, if at the time thereof and immediately after giving effect thereto no Default shall have occurred and be continuing (i) any Person (other than the Borrower) may merge into the Parent in a transaction in which the Parent is the surviving corporation, (ii) any Person may merge into any Subsidiary in a transaction in which the surviving entity is a Subsidiary and, if a Loan Party is a party to such merger, then the surviving entity is a Loan Party, (iii) any Subsidiary may sell, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of its assets to another Subsidiary and (iv) any Subsidiary (other than the Borrower or a Guarantor (except for International Holdco to the extent described below)) may liquidate or dissolve if the Parent determines in good faith that such liquidation or dissolution is in the best interests of the Parent and is not materially disadvantageous to the Lender; provided that any such merger involving a Person that is not a wholly owned Subsidiary immediately prior to such merger shall not be permitted unless also permitted by Section 6.08.
 
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(b)           The Parent will not, and will not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, engage to any material extent in any line of business other than lines of business conducted by the Parent and its Subsidiaries on the date of this Agreement and lines of business reasonably related or incidental thereto.
 
(c)           International Holdco will not engage in any business or activity other than the ownership of Equity Interests and other investments in Foreign Subsidiaries and activities incidental thereto.  International Holdco will not own or acquire any assets (other than Equity Interests and other investments in Foreign Subsidiaries, cash and Permitted Investments) or incur any liabilities (other than liabilities under the Loan Documents, liabilities imposed by law, including Tax liabilities, and other liabilities incidental to its existence and permitted business and activities). International Holdco will not sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of the Equity Interests or other investments in the Foreign Subsidiaries located in China or India to the Parent or any other Subsidiary; provided that International Holdco may transfer such Equity Interests to any wholly-owned Foreign Subsidiary of International Holdco but, in such event, all such Equity Interests shall remain owned by International Holdco or a wholly-owned Foreign Subsidiary of International Holdco unless and until sold or otherwise disposed of to a Person other than the Parent or a Subsidiary in compliance with this Agreement; provided further that International Holdco may dissolve or liquidate into the Borrower or any other Loan Party the assets of which at such time do not consist only of Equity Interests in Foreign Subsidiaries.
 
SECTION 6.04.   Transactions with Affiliates.
 
The Parent and the Borrower will not, and will not permit any of the other Subsidiaries to, sell, lease or otherwise transfer any property or assets to, or purchase, lease or otherwise acquire any property or assets from, or otherwise engage in any other transactions with, any of its Affiliates, except (a) at prices and on terms and conditions not less favorable to the Parent, the Borrower or such Subsidiary than could be obtained on an arm’s-length basis from unrelated third parties, (b) transactions between or among the Loan Parties not involving any other Affiliate or between or among Foreign Subsidiaries not involving any other Affiliate, (c) transactions between a Loan Party and a Foreign Subsidiary, provided that, to the extent that such transaction is not in the ordinary course of business (based upon past practices and customary industry practices) and is at prices and on terms less favorable to such Loan Party then could be obtained on an arm’s length basis from an unrelated third party, the excess value conferred by such Loan Party on such Foreign Subsidiary as a result thereof shall be treated as an investment in such Foreign Subsidiary for purposes of determining compliance with Section 6.08, (d) advances to employees permitted by Section 6.08, (e) any Restricted Payments permitted by Section 6.06, (f) fees, compensation and other benefits paid to, and customary indemnity and reimbursement provided on behalf of, officers, directors and employees of any Loan Party in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices and/or industry practices, (g) any employment agreement entered into by the Parent or any of the Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business, (h) any Permitted Receivables Financing, (i) transactions and agreements in existence on the date of this Agreement and listed on Schedule 6.04 and, in each case, any amendment thereto that is not disadvantageous to the Lender in any material respect, (j) transactions described in Schedule 6.08B and (k) transactions among the Parent, any Loan Party and any of the Subsidiaries, permitted by Section 6.03(a) (other than clause (iii) thereof, except transactions solely between Loan Parties or solely between Foreign Subsidiaries).
 
SECTION 6.05.   Restrictive Agreements.
 
The Parent and the Borrower will not, and will not permit any other Subsidiary (other than a Receivables Subsidiary) to, directly or indirectly, enter into, incur or permit to exist any agreement or other arrangement that prohibits, restricts or imposes any condition upon (a) the ability of any Loan Party to create, incur or permit to exist any Lien upon any of its property or assets to secure any of the Secured Obligations or any refinancing or replacement thereof, or (b) the ability of any Subsidiary (other than the Borrower) to pay dividends or other distributions with respect to any of its Equity Interests or to make or repay loans or advances to the Parent or any other Loan Party or to Guarantee Indebtedness of the Parent or any other Loan Party; provided, that (i) the foregoing shall not apply to restrictions and conditions imposed by law or any Loan Document, (ii) the foregoing shall not apply to restrictions and conditions existing on the date of this Agreement in the First Lien Loan Documents or the Existing Senior Note Indentures or identified on Schedule 6.04 or to any extension or renewal thereof, or any amendment or modification thereto that does not expand the scope of any such restriction or condition, (iii) the foregoing shall not apply to customary restrictions and conditions contained in agreements relating to the sale of a Subsidiary pending such sale, provided such restrictions and conditions apply only to the Subsidiary that is to be sold and such sale is permitted hereunder, (iv) clause (a) of the foregoing shall not apply to restrictions or conditions imposed by any agreement relating to (A) secured Indebtedness permitted by this Agreement if such restrictions or conditions apply only to the property or assets securing such Indebtedness or (B) Receivables sold pursuant to any Permitted Receivables Financing and (v) clause (a) of the foregoing shall not apply to customary provisions in leases and other contracts restricting the assignment thereof.
 
SECTION 6.06.   Restricted Payments; Certain Payments of Indebtedness.
 
(a)   Neither the Parent nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Subsidiary to, declare or make, or agree to pay or make, directly or indirectly, any Restricted Payment, or incur any obligation (contingent or otherwise) to do so, except (i) the Parent may declare and pay dividends with respect to its Equity Interests payable solely in additional shares of its Equity Interests permitted hereunder, (ii) any Subsidiary may declare and pay dividends or make other distributions with respect to its Equity Interests, ratably to the holders of such Equity Interests, (iii) the Parent may repurchase its Equity Interests upon the exercise of stock options if such Equity Interests represent a portion of the exercise price of such options, (iv) the Parent may make cash payments in lieu of the issuance of fractional shares representing insignificant interests in the Parent in connection with the exercise of warrants, options or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for Equity Interests in the Parent, (v) the Parent or the Borrower may, in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practices, repurchase, retire or otherwise acquire for value Equity Interests (including any restricted stock or restricted stock units) held by any present, future or former employee, director, officer or consultant (or any Affiliate, spouse, former spouse, other immediate family member, successor, executor, administrator, heir, legatee or distributee of any of the foregoing) of the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to any employee, management or director benefit plan or any agreement (including any stock subscription or shareholder agreement) with any employee, director, officer or consultant of the Parent or any Subsidiary and (vi) the Borrower may make Restricted Payments to the Parent the proceeds of which shall be used to pay customary salary, bonus and other benefits payable to officers.
 
(b)   Neither the Parent nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Subsidiary to, make or agree to pay or make, directly or indirectly, any voluntary payment or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property) of or in respect of any Restricted Debt, or any payment or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property), including any sinking fund or similar deposit, on account of the purchase, redemption, retirement, acquisition, cancellation or termination of any Restricted Debt, except:
 
(i)  
any refinancing of Restricted Debt with Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness; and
 
(ii)  
regularly scheduled payments of principal or interest.
 
25

SECTION 6.07.   Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock.
 
The Parent and Borrower will not, and will not permit any Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, consummate any Asset Disposition unless:
 
(a)   the Parent or such Subsidiary receives consideration at the time of such Asset Disposition at least equal to the fair market value (including as to the value of all non-cash consideration), as determined in good faith by the Borrower’s board of directors, of the shares and assets subject to such Asset Disposition;
 
(b)   the terms and conditions of such Asset Disposition were obtained through an arm’s-length negotiation; and
 
(c) at least 75% of the consideration therefor received by the Parent or such Subsidiary is in the form of cash or Permitted Investments; provided that for the purposes of this paragraph (c), the amount of (i) any liabilities (as shown on the Parent’s or the applicable Subsidiary’s most recent balance sheet (or in the notes thereto)) of the Parent or any Subsidiary (other than liabilities that by their terms are subordinated to the obligations with respect to the Loans) that are assumed by the transferee of any such assets and from which the Parent and any Subsidiary have been validly released by all creditors in writing and (ii) any securities received by the Parent or any Subsidiary from such transferee that are converted into cash (to the extent of the cash received) within 180 days following the closing of such Asset Disposition shall be deemed to be cash for the purposes of this Section 6.07.
 
SECTION 6.08.   Investments, Loans, Advances, Guarantees and Acquisitions.
 
The Parent and Borrower will not, and will not permit any of the other Subsidiaries (other than a Receivables Subsidiary) to, purchase, hold or acquire (including pursuant to any merger with any Person that was not a wholly owned Subsidiary prior to such merger) any Equity Interests, evidences of indebtedness or other securities (including any option, warrant or other right to acquire any of the foregoing) of, make or permit to exist any loans or advances to, Guarantee any obligations of, or make or permit to exist any investment or any other interest in, any other Person, or purchase or otherwise acquire (in one transaction or a series of transactions) any assets of any other Person constituting a business unit, except:
 
(a)   cash and Permitted Investments;
 
(b)   investments existing on the date of this Agreement and set forth on Schedule 6.08A plus (i) any additional investments in the Persons identified on such Schedule that, as of date of this Agreement, are required by contract or law to be made after the date of this Agreement and (ii) other investments that may be required to be made in such Persons after the date of this Agreement either by contract or law; provided that the aggregate amount of investments permitted by clauses (i) and (ii) shall not exceed $10,000,000;
 
(c)   investments by the Parent, the Borrower and the other Subsidiaries in Equity Interests in their respective Subsidiaries, and by any Foreign Subsidiary in Equity Interests in any other Foreign Subsidiary; provided that (i) the Subsidiary in which such investment is made is a Subsidiary before such investment is made, or such investment is made in connection with the formation of such Subsidiary and (ii) the aggregate amount of investments by Loan Parties in, and loans and advances by Loan Parties to, and Guarantees (other than Excluded Guarantees) by Loan Parties of Indebtedness and other obligations of, Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties (excluding, without duplication, all such investments, loans or advances existing on the date of this Agreement) shall not exceed (x) from the date of this Agreement to (and including) December 31, 2011, $100,000,000 at any time outstanding (disregarding any write-down or write-off of any such loan, advance or other investment) and (y) thereafter, $175,000,000 at any time outstanding (disregarding any write-down or write-off of any such loan, advance or other investment);
 
(d)   loans or advances made by the Parent to any Subsidiary and made by any Subsidiary to the Parent or any other Subsidiary; provided that the amount of such loans and advances made by Loan Parties to Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties shall be subject to the limitation set forth in clause (c) above;
 
(e)   Guarantees by the Parent of obligations of any Subsidiary and Guarantees by any Subsidiary of obligations of the Parent or any other Subsidiary; provided that (i) a Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party shall not Guarantee any obligations of any Loan Party and (ii) the aggregate amount of Indebtedness and other obligations of Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties that is guaranteed by any Loan Party shall be subject to the limitation set forth in clause (c) above;
 
(f)   loans and advances to employees in the ordinary course of business of the Parent and the Subsidiaries as presently conducted in an aggregate amount not to exceed $10,000,000 at any time outstanding (disregarding any write-down or write-off thereof):
 
(g)   Permitted Acquisitions;
 
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(h)   investments received in connection with the bankruptcy or reorganization of, or settlement of delinquent accounts and disputes with, customers and suppliers, in each case in the ordinary course of business;
 
(i)   investments described on Schedule 6.08B;
 
(j)   investments, Guarantees, loans and advances made amongst and between Foreign Subsidiaries;
 
(k)   promissory notes and other non-cash consideration received in connection with dispositions of assets;
 
(l)   investments in the ordinary course of business consisting of endorsements for collection or deposit and customary trade arrangements with customers consistent with past practices; and
 
(m)   other investments, loans, advances, acquisitions and Guarantees; provided that (i) at the time any such investment, loan, advance, acquisition or Guarantee, is made and immediately after giving effect thereto, no Default shall have occurred and be continuing and (ii) the aggregate amount of all such investments, loans, advances, acquisitions and Guarantees outstanding at any time (disregarding any write-down or write-off thereof) shall not exceed (x) from the date of this Agreement to (and including) December 31, 2011,  $20,000,000 and (y) thereafter, $50,000,000.
 
SECTION 6.09.   Lien Basket Amount
 
.  The Parent and the Borrower will not, and will not permit any other Subsidiary to, create, incur, assume or permit to exist any Indebtedness secured by a Lien (other than pursuant to the First Lien Loan Documents and, subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, the Secured Obligations) on any Restricted Property that would utilize any of the Lien Basket Amount under the Existing Senior Notes Indenture (that permits Liens on Restricted Property without equally and ratably securing the Existing Senior Notes).
 
SECTION 6.10.   Amendment of Material Documents
 
   Neither the Parent nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Subsidiary to, amend, modify or waive any of its rights under any First Lien Loan Documents or any agreements or instruments governing or evidencing any Restricted Debt in a manner that would be adverse in any material respect to the interests of the Lender.
 
SECTION 6.11.   Secured Leverage Ratio
 
  The Parent will not permit the Secured Leverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter set forth below to exceed the ratio set forth below with respect to such fiscal quarter:
 
Fiscal Quarter End Date
Secured Leverage Ratio
September 30, 2009
14.00:1.00
December 31, 2009
10.00:1.00
March 31, 2010
10.00:1.00
June 30, 2010
4.75:1.00
September 30, 2010
4.50:1.00
December 31, 2010
4.25:1.00
March 31, 2011
 
4.25:1.00
June 30, 2011 and thereafter
3.75:1.00

 
SECTION 6.12.   Cash Interest Expense Coverage Ratio
 
.  The Parent will not permit the Cash Interest Expense Coverage Ratio for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ending on any date set forth below to be less than the ratio set forth below with respect to such date:
 
Fiscal Quarter End Date
Cash Interest Expense Coverage Ratio
September 30, 2009
0.50:1.00
December 31, 2009
0.65:1.00
March 31, 2010
0.65:1.00
June 30, 2010
1.25:1.00
September 30, 2010
1.25:1.00
December 31, 2010
1.25:1.00
March 31, 2011
(and thereafter)
1.70:1.00

 
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ARTICLE VII
 
 
Events of Default
 
If any of the following events (" Events of Default ") shall occur:
 
(a)   the Borrower shall fail to pay any principal of any Loan when and as the same shall become due and payable, whether at the due date thereof or at a date fixed for prepayment thereof or otherwise;
 
(b)   the Borrower shall fail to pay any interest on any Loan or any fee or any other amount (other than an amount referred to in clause (a) of this Article) payable under this Agreement or any other Loan Document, when and as the same shall become due and payable, and such failure shall continue unremedied for a period of five Business Days;
 
(c)   any representation or warranty made or deemed made by or on behalf of any Loan Party in or in connection with any Loan Document or any amendment or modification thereof or waiver thereunder, or in any report, certificate or financial statement furnished pursuant to or in connection with any Loan Document or any amendment or modification thereof or waiver thereunder, shall prove to have been incorrect in any material respect when made or deemed made;
 
(d)   the Parent or the Borrower shall fail to observe or perform any covenant, condition or agreement contained in clause (a) of Section 5.02 or in Section 5.03 (with respect to the existence of the Parent or the Borrower) or 5.08 or in Article VI (other than Section 6.05);
 
(e)   any Loan Party shall fail to observe or perform any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Loan Document (other than those specified in clause (a), (b), or (d) of this Article), and such failure shall continue unremedied for a period of 30 days after notice thereof from the Lender to the Borrower;
 
(f)   the Parent or any Subsidiary shall fail to make any payment of principal, interest or premium (regardless of amount) in respect of any Material Indebtedness when and as the same shall become due and payable, and such failure shall continue after the expiration of the grace period (if any) for such failure specified in the agreement or instrument governing such Material Indebtedness;  provided that, in the case of any such failure to pay under the First Lien Loan Documents, such failure shall only constitute an Event of Default under this Agreement if such failure is not cured or waived prior to the date that is 60 days after the occurrence of such failure to pay;
 
(g)   the Parent or any Subsidiary shall fail to observe or perform any term, covenant, condition or agreement (other than the failure to pay principal, interest or premiums) contained in any agreement or instrument evidencing or governing any Material Indebtedness, and such failure shall continue after the expiration of the grace period (if any) for such failure specified in the agreement or instrument governing such Material Indebtedness, if such failure enables or permits (with or without the giving of notice, the lapse of time or both) the holder or holders of any Material Indebtedness or any trustee or agent on its or their behalf to cause any Material Indebtedness to become due, or to require the prepayment, repurchase, redemption or defeasance thereof, prior to its scheduled maturity; provided that, in the case of any such failure to perform any term, covenant, condition or agreement under the First Lien Loan Documents, such failure shall only constitute an Event of Default under this Agreement if such failure is not cured or waived prior to the date that is 60 days after the occurrence of such failure  to observe or perform; provided further that this clause (g) shall not apply to secured Indebtedness that becomes due as a result of the voluntary sale or transfer of the property or assets securing such Indebtedness;
 
(h)   an involuntary proceeding shall be commenced or an involuntary petition shall be filed in a court of competent jurisdiction seeking (i) liquidation, reorganization or other relief in respect of the Parent or any Subsidiary (other than an Excluded Subsidiary) or its debts, or of a substantial part of its assets, under any Federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar law now or hereafter in effect or (ii) the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, sequestrator, conservator or similar official for the Parent or any Subsidiary  (other than an Excluded Subsidiary) or for a substantial part of its assets, and, in any such case, such proceeding or petition shall continue undismissed for 60 days or an order or decree approving or ordering any of the foregoing shall be entered;
 
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(i)   the Parent or any Subsidiary  (other than an Excluded Subsidiary) shall (i) voluntarily commence any proceeding or file any petition seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief under any Federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar law now or hereafter in effect, (ii) consent to the institution of, or fail to contest in a timely and appropriate manner, any proceeding or petition described in clause (i) of this Article, (iii) apply for or consent to the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, sequestrator, conservator or similar official for the Parent or any Subsidiary (other than an Excluded Subsidiary) or for a substantial part of its assets, (iv) file an answer admitting the material allegations of a petition filed against it in any such proceeding, (v) make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors or (vi) take any action for the purpose of effecting any of the foregoing;
 
(j)   the Parent or any Subsidiary (other than an Excluded Subsidiary) shall become unable, admit in writing its inability or fail generally to pay its debts as they become due;
 
(k)   one or more judgments for the payment of money in an aggregate amount in excess of $35,000,000 (to the extent such amount is not either (i) covered by insurance and the applicable insurer has acknowledged liability or has been notified and is not disputing coverage or (ii) required to be indemnified by another Person that is reasonably likely to be able to satisfy its indemnity obligation (other than the Parent or a Subsidiary) and such Person has acknowledged such obligation or has been notified and is not disputing such obligation) shall be rendered against the Parent, any Subsidiary or any combination thereof and the same shall remain undischarged and unsatisfied for a period of 30 consecutive days during which execution shall not be effectively stayed, or any action shall be legally taken by a judgment creditor to attach or levy upon any assets of the Parent or any Subsidiary to enforce any such judgment;
 
(l)   an ERISA Event shall have occurred that, in the opinion of the Lender, when taken together with all other ERISA Events that have occurred, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; or
 
(m)   any Lien purported to be created under any Security Document shall cease to be, or shall be asserted by any Loan Party not to be, a valid and perfected Lien on Collateral having a fair value exceeding $10,000,000, with the priority required by the applicable Security Document, except (i) as a result of the sale or other disposition of the applicable Collateral in a transaction permitted under the Loan Documents, (ii) as a result of the Lender’s failure to maintain possession (either directly or through a collateral agent subject to the terms of the Intercreditor Agreement) of any stock certificates, promissory notes or other instruments delivered to it under the Collateral Agreement, (iii) as a result of the Lender’s failure to take any action required in order to create or perfect any such Lien following notice from the Borrower that such action is required or (iv) as a result of the Lender’s release of any such Lien that it is not authorized to release pursuant to the Loan Documents;
 
then, and in every such event (other than an event with respect to the Parent or the Borrower described in clause (h) or (i)   of this Article), and at any time thereafter during the continuance of such event, the Lender may, by notice to the Borrower, take either or both of the following actions, at the same or different times: (i) terminate the Term Loan Commitment, and thereupon the Term Loan Commitment shall terminate immediately, and (ii) declare the Loans then outstanding to be due and payable in whole (or in part, in which case any principal not so declared to be due and payable may thereafter be declared to be due and payable), and thereupon the principal of the Loans so declared to be due and payable, together with accrued interest thereon and all fees and other obligations of the Borrower accrued hereunder, shall become due and payable immediately, without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by the Borrower; and in case of any event with respect to the Parent or the Borrower described in clause (h) or (i) of this Article, the Term Loan Commitment shall automatically terminate and the principal of the Loans then outstanding, together with accrued interest thereon and all fees and other obligations of the Borrower accrued hereunder, shall automatically become due and payable, without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by the Borrower.
 
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                            ARTICLE VIII                                
 
[INTENTIONALLY OMITTED]
 
ARTICLE IX
 
 
 
Miscellaneous
 
SECTION 9.01.   Notices.
 
(a)   Except in the case of notices and other communications expressly permitted to be given by telephone (and subject to paragraph (b) below), all notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by telecopy, as follows:
 
(i)  
if to the Parent or the Borrower, to it at One Dauch Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48211, Attention of the Chief Financial Officer (Telecopy No. 313-758-4238) with a copy to the Treasurer (Telecopy No.313-758-3936) and the General Counsel (Telecopy No. 313-758-3897); if to the Lender, to General Motors Company, 30009 Van Dyke Road, P.O. Box 9025, Mail Code 480-206-116, Warren, Michigan 48090-9025, Attention: Christopher F. Dubay, Group Counsel, Global Purchasing & Supply Chain (Telecopy No. 586-575-1887), with a copy to Honigman Miller Schwartz and Cohn LLP,  2290 First National Building, 660 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48226, Attention Robert B. Weiss (Telecopy No. 313-465-7597);
 
(b)   Notices and other communications to Lender hereunder may be delivered or furnished by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by Lender.  Lender or the Borrower may, in its discretion, agree to accept notices and other communications to it hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by it; provided that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications.
 
(c)   Any party hereto may change its address or telecopy number or the contact person for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the other parties hereto. All notices and other communications given to any party hereto in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to have been given on the date of receipt.
 
SECTION 9.02.   Waivers; Amendments.
 
(a)   No failure or delay by Lender in exercising any right or power hereunder or under any other Loan Document shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or power, or any abandonment or discontinuance of steps to enforce such a right or power, preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or power. The rights and remedies of the Lender hereunder are cumulative and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies that they would otherwise have. No waiver of any provision of any Loan Document or consent to any departure by any Loan Party therefrom shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be permitted by paragraph (b) of this Section, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the purpose for which given. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the making of a Loan shall not be construed as a waiver of any Default, regardless of whether Lender may have had notice or knowledge of such Default at the time.
 
(b)   Neither this Agreement nor any other Loan Document nor any provision hereof or thereof may be waived, amended or modified except, in the case of this Agreement, pursuant to an agreement or agreements in writing entered into by the Parent, the Borrower and Lender or in the case of any other Loan Document, pursuant to an agreement or agreements in writing entered into by the Lender and each Loan Party that is a party thereto.
 
SECTION 9.03.   Expenses; Indemnity; Damage Waiver.
 
(a)   The Borrower shall pay all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Lender, including the reasonable fees, charges and disbursements of a single counsel for the Lender (and any local counsel that Lender determines to be appropriate in connection with matters affected by laws other than those of the State of New York), in connection with the Transactions, the preparation and administration of the Loan Documents or any amendments, modifications or waivers of the provisions thereof (whether or not the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby shall be consummated), in connection with the enforcement or protection of its rights in connection with the Loan Documents, including its rights under this Section, or in connection with the Loans made hereunder, including all such out-of-pocket expenses incurred during any workout, restructuring or negotiations in respect of the Loans.
 
(b)   The Borrower shall indemnify Lender and each Related Party (each such Person being called an " Indemnitee ") against, and hold each Indemnitee harmless from, any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and related expenses, including the reasonable fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for any Indemnitee, incurred by or asserted against any Indemnitee arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of (i) the execution or delivery of the Loan Documents or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby or thereby, the performance by the parties hereto or thereto of their respective obligations hereunder or thereunder or the consummation of the Transactions or any other transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, (ii) any Loan or the use of the proceeds therefrom, (iii) any actual or alleged presence or release of Hazardous Materials on or from any property owned or operated by the Parent or any of the Subsidiaries, or any Environmental Liability related in any way to the Parent or any of the Subsidiaries, or (iv) any actual or prospective claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding relating to any of the foregoing, whether based on contract, tort or any other theory and regardless of whether any Indemnitee is a party thereto; provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnitee, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or related expenses are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee or any of its directors, trustees, officers or employees.
 
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(c)   To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Borrower shall not assert, and hereby waives, any claim against any Indemnitee, on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (as opposed to direct or actual damages) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of, the Loan Documents or any agreement or instrument contemplated thereby, the Transactions, any Loan or the use of the proceeds thereof.
 
(d)   All amounts due under this Section shall be payable promptly after written demand therefor.
 
SECTION 9.04.   Successors and Assigns.
 
(a)   The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, except that (i) the Borrower may not assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of Lender (and any attempted assignment or transfer by the Borrower without such consent shall be null and void) and (ii) Lender may not assign or otherwise transfer its rights or obligations hereunder except in accordance with this Section. Nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, shall be construed to confer upon any Person (other than the parties hereto, their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, and, to the extent expressly contemplated hereby, the Related Parties of Lender) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.
 
(b)   Lender may assign to one or more of its direct or indirect subsidiaries all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitment and the Loans at the time owing to it) in its sole discretion, and Lender may make any other assignment with the prior written consent of the Borrower; provided that no consent of the Borrower shall be required if an Event of Default under clause (a), (b), (h) or (i) of Article VII has occurred and is continuing.
 
(c)   Lender may at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement to secure obligations of Lender pursuant to any of its loan arrangements with the UAW Retiree Medical Benefits Trust, the United States Department of the Treasury and/or Export Development Canada and this Section shall not apply to any such pledge or assignment of a security interest; provided that no such pledge or assignment of a security interest shall release Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or assignee for Lender as a party hereto.
 
SECTION 9.05.   Survival.
 
All covenants, agreements, representations and warranties made by the Parent and Borrower herein and in the certificates or other instruments delivered in connection with or pursuant to this Agreement shall be considered to have been relied upon by the other parties hereto and shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the making of any Loans, regardless of any investigation made by any such other party or on its behalf and notwithstanding that Lender may have had notice or knowledge of any Default or incorrect representation or warranty at the time any credit is extended hereunder, and shall continue in full force and effect as long as the principal of or any accrued interest on any Loan or any fee or any other amount payable under this Agreement is outstanding and unpaid and so long as the Term Loan Commitment has not expired or terminated. The provisions of Sections 2.08 and 9.03 shall survive and remain in full force and effect regardless of the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, the repayment of the Loans, the expiration or termination of the Term Loan Commitment or the termination of this Agreement or any provision hereof.
 
SECTION 9.06.   Counterparts; Integration; Effectiveness
 
This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto on different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract.  This Agreement, the Intercreditor Agreement, the Guarantee Agreement and other Loan Documents, including without limitation any separate letter agreements with respect to fees payable to the Lender, constitute the entire contract among the parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof.  Except as provided in Article IV, this Agreement shall become effective when it shall have been executed by the Lender and when the Lender shall have received counterparts hereof which, when taken together, bear the signatures of each of the other parties hereto, and thereafter shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.  Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Agreement by telecopy or electronic mail shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement.
 
SECTION 9.07.   Severability.
 
Any provision of this Agreement held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability without affecting the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions hereof; and the invalidity of a particular provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate such provision in any other jurisdiction.
 
31

SECTION 9.08.   Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Consent to Service of Process.
 
(a)   This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the law of the State of New York.
 
(b)   Each of the Parent and the Borrower hereby irrevocably and unconditionally submits, for itself and its property, to the nonexclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the State of New York sitting in New York County and of the United States District Court of the Southern District of New York, and any appellate court from any thereof, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to any Loan Document, or for recognition or enforcement of any judgment, and each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that all claims in respect of any such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such New York State or, to the extent permitted by law, in such Federal court. Each of the parties hereto agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. Nothing in this Agreement or any other Loan Document shall affect any right that the Lender may otherwise have to bring any action or proceeding relating to this Agreement against the Borrower or its properties in the courts of any jurisdiction.
 
(c)   Each of the Parent and the Borrower hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent it may legally and effectively do so, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to any Loan Document in any court referred to in paragraph (b) of this Section. Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action or proceeding in any such court.
 
(d)   Each party to this Agreement irrevocably consents to service of process in the manner provided for notices in Section 9.01. Nothing in this Agreement will affect the right of any party to this Agreement to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.
 
SECTION 9.09.   WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL.
 
EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION.
 
SECTION 9.10.   Headings.
 
Article and Section headings and the Table of Contents used herein are for convenience of reference only, are not part of this Agreement and shall not affect the construction of, or be taken into consideration in interpreting, this Agreement.
 
SECTION 9.11.   Confidentiality.
 
Lender agrees to maintain the confidentiality of the Information (as defined below), except that Information may be disclosed (a) to its and its Affiliates' directors, officers, employees and agents, including accountants, legal counsel and other advisors (it being understood that the Persons to whom such disclosure is made will be informed of the confidential nature of such Information and instructed to keep such Information confidential), (b) to the extent requested by any regulatory authority, (c) to the extent required by applicable laws or regulations or by any subpoena or similar legal process, (d) to any other party to this Agreement, (e) in connection with the exercise of any remedies hereunder or any suit, action or proceeding relating to any Loan Document or the enforcement of rights thereunder, (f) subject to an agreement containing provisions substantially the same as those of this Section, to (i) any assignee of, or any prospective assignee of, any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement or (ii) any actual or prospective counterparty (or its advisors) to any swap or derivative transaction relating to the Borrower and its obligations, (g) with the consent of the Parent or the Borrower or (h) to the extent such Information (i) becomes publicly available other than as a result of a breach of this Section or (ii) becomes available to the Lender on a non-confidential basis from a source other than the Parent or the Borrower. For the purposes of this Section, "Information" means all information received from the Parent or the Borrower relating to the Parent or the Borrower or their respective businesses, other than any such information that is available to Lender on a non-confidential basis prior to disclosure by the Parent or the Borrower. Any Person required to maintain the confidentiality of Information as provided in this Section shall be considered to have complied with its obligation to do so if such Person has exercised the same degree of care to maintain the confidentiality of such Information as such Person would accord to its own confidential information.
 
SECTION 9.12.   Interest Rate Limitation.
 
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time the interest rate applicable to any Loan, together with all fees, charges and other amounts which are treated as interest on such Loan under applicable law (collectively the "Charges"), shall exceed the maximum lawful rate (the "Maximum Rate") which may be contracted for, charged, taken, received or reserved by the Lender holding such Loan in accordance with applicable law, the rate of interest payable in respect of such Loan hereunder, together with all Charges payable in respect thereof, shall be limited to the Maximum Rate and, to the extent lawful, such excess amount shall be paid to such Lender on subsequent payment dates to the extent not exceeding the Maximum Rate.
 
SECTION 9.13.   Non-Public Information.
 
Lender acknowledges that all information furnished to it pursuant to this Agreement by or on behalf of the Parent or the Borrower and relating to the Parent, the Borrower, the other Subsidiaries or their businesses may include material non-public information concerning the Parent, the Borrower and the other Subsidiaries and their securities, and confirms that it has developed compliance procedures regarding the use of material non-public information and that it will handle such material non-public information in accordance with such procedures and applicable law, including Federal, state and foreign securities laws.
 
All such information, including requests for waivers and amendments, furnished by the Parent, the Borrower or the Lender pursuant to, or in the course of administering, this Agreement will be syndicate-level information, which may contain material non-public information concerning the Parent, the Borrower and the other Subsidiaries and their securities.
 
[Signature page follows]
 

 
32

 


 
[Signature page to Credit Agreement]
 

 
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY
 
By:       /s/                                                         
Name:     Authorized Signatory                                                           
Title:           



AMERICAN AXLE &
MANUFACTURING, INC.

By:     /s/                                                           
Name:   Authorized Signatory                                                             
Title:           
 
 

AMERICAN AXLE &
MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.

By:    /s/                                                            
Name:    Authorized Signatory                                                            
Title:           
 

 
DETROIT.3806117.16
 

 
33

 

EXECUTION VERSION
 

 

 

 



 
COLLATERAL AGREEMENT

dated as of

September 16, 2009,

among

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING
HOLDINGS, INC.,

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING, INC.,

THE SUBSIDIARIES OF AMERICAN AXLE &
MANUFACTURING, IN. IDENTIFIED HEREIN

and

GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY,
as Lender

 

 

 

 

 

 
34

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SECTION 3.07. Limitations on Duties of Lender
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SECTION 7.08. [Intentionally Omitted]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
35

 

COLLATERAL AGREEMENT dated as of September 16, 2009, among AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC., AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING, INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES identified herein and GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION, as Lender (the “ Lender ”).
 
Reference is made to the Credit Agreement dated as of September 16, 2009 (the “ Credit Agreement ”), among American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. (the " Borrower "), American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. (the " Parent "), and Lender.  The Credit Agreement, is conditioned upon, among other things, the execution and delivery of this Agreement.  The Parent and the Subsidiary Parties are affiliates of the Borrower, will derive substantial benefits from the Credit Agreement and extension of credit thereunder and are willing to execute and deliver this Agreement in order to induce Lender to enter into the Credit Agreement and extend such credit.
 
 
ARTICLE I
 
 
Definitions
 
SECTION 1.01.     Credit Agreement
 
                 (a) Capitalized terms used in this Agreement and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings set forth in the Credit Agreement.  All capitalized terms defined in the New York UCC (as such term is defined herein) and not defined in this Agreement have the meanings specified therein; the term "instrument" shall have the meaning specified in Article 9 of the New York UCC.  All references to the Uniform Commercial Code shall mean the New York UCC.
 
(b)   The rules of construction specified in Section 1.03 of the Credit Agreement also apply to this Agreement.
 
SECTION 1.02.    Other Defined Terms
 
As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings specified below:
 
"Account Debtor" means any person who is or who may become obligated to any Grantor under, with respect to or on account of an Account.
 
"Article 9 Collateral" has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.01.
 
"Borrower" has the meanings assigned to such term in the preliminary statement of this Agreement.
 
"Collateral" means Article 9 Collateral and Pledged Collateral.  It is understood that this definition shall not include the assets of any Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party (including any Foreign Subsidiary).
 
Control Agreement ” means, with respect to any Deposit Account or Securities Account maintained by any Grantor, a control agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Lender, duly executed and delivered by such Grantor and the depositary bank or the securities intermediary, as the case may be, with which such Account is maintained.
 
"Copyright License" means any written agreement, now or hereafter in effect, granting to any third party any right under any Copyright or any such right that such Grantor now or hereafter otherwise has the right to license, and all rights of such Grantor under any such agreement.
 
"Copyrights" means all of the following now owned or hereafter acquired by any Grantor: (a) all copyright rights in any work subject to the copyright laws of the United States or any other country, including copyrights in computer software and databases, whether as author, assignee, transferee or otherwise, and (b) all registrations and applications for registration of any such copyright in the United States or any other country, including registrations, recordings, supplemental registrations and pending applications for registration in the United States Copyright Office (or any successor office, or any similar office in any other country), including, in the case of clauses (a) and (b), those listed on Schedule III.
 
"Credit Agreement" has the meaning assigned to such term in the preliminary statement of this Agreement.
 
"Federal Securities Laws" has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 4.04.
 
"General Intangibles" means all choses in action causes of action, and all other intangible personal property of every kind and nature (other than Accounts) now owned or hereafter acquired by any Grantor, including corporate or other business records, indemnification claims, contract rights (including rights under leases, whether entered into as lessor or lessee, Swap Agreements and other agreements), Intellectual Property, goodwill, registrations, franchises, tax refund claims and any letter of credit, guarantee, claim, security interest or other security held by or granted to any Grantor to secure payment by an Account Debtor of any of the Accounts.
 
"Grantors" means the Parent, the Borrower and the Subsidiary Parties.
 
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"Intellectual Property" means all intellectual property now owned or hereafter acquired by any Grantor, including Patents, Copyrights, Licenses, Trademarks, trade secrets and all rights therein and tangible embodiments thereof and all additions, improvements and accessions thereto.
 
"Intercreditor Agreement" has the meaning assigned to such term in Article VI.
 
"Lender" has the meaning assigned to such term in the preliminary statement of this Agreement.
 
"License" means any Patent License, Trademark License, or Copyright License to which any Grantor is a party, including those listed on Schedule III.
 
"New York UCC" means the Uniform Commercial Code as from time to time in effect in the State of New York.
 
"Parent" has the meaning assigned to such term in the preliminary statement of this Agreement.
 
"Patent License" means any written agreement, now or hereafter in effect, granting to any third party any right to make, use or sell any invention on which a  Patent, or any such right that any Grantor now or hereafter otherwise has the right to license, is in existence, or granting to any Grantor any right to make, use or sell any invention on which a patent, now or hereafter owned by any third party, or that a third party now or hereafter otherwise has the right to license, is in existence, and all rights of any Grantor under such agreement.
 
"Patents" means all of the following now owned or hereafter acquired by any Grantor:  (a) all letters patent of the United States or the equivalent thereof in any other country, all registrations and recordings thereof, and all applications for letters patent of the United States or the equivalent thereof in any other country, including registrations, recordings and pending applications in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (or any successor or any similar offices in any other country), including those listed on Schedule III, and (b) all reissues, continuations, divisions, continuations-in-part, renewals or extensions thereof, and in the case of (a) and (b), all the inventions disclosed or claimed therein, including the right to make, use and/or sell the inventions disclosed or claimed therein.
 
"Perfection Schedule" means Schedule 3.02.
 
"Pledged Collateral" has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.01.
 
"Pledged Debt Securities" has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.01.
 
"Pledged Securities" means any promissory notes, stock certificates or other certificated securities now or hereafter included in the Pledged Collateral, including all certificates, instruments or other documents representing or evidencing any Pledged Collateral.
 
"Pledged Stock" has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.01.
 
"Proceeds" has the meaning specified in Section 9-102 of the New York UCC.
 
“Secured Obligations" means (a) the due and punctual payment by the Borrower of (i) the principal of and interest (including interest accruing during the pendency of any bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other similar proceeding, regardless of whether allowed or allowable in such proceeding) on the Loans, when and as due, whether at maturity, by acceleration, upon one or more dates set for prepayment or otherwise, and (ii) all other monetary obligations of the Borrower to the Lender under the Credit Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents, including obligations to pay fees, expense reimbursement obligations and indemnification obligations, whether primary, secondary, direct, contingent, fixed or otherwise (including monetary obligations incurred during the pendency of any bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other similar proceeding, regardless of whether allowed or allowable in such proceeding), (b) the due and punctual performance of all other obligations of the Borrower under or pursuant to the Credit Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents, and (c) the due and punctual payment and performance of all the obligations of each other Loan Party under or pursuant to this Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents (including monetary obligations incurred during the pendency of any bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other similar proceeding, regardless of whether allowed or allowable in such proceeding).
 
"Security Interest" has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.01.
 
"Subsidiary Parties" means (a) the Subsidiaries identified on Schedule I and (b) each other Subsidiary that becomes a party to this Agreement as a Subsidiary Party after the date of this Agreement.
 
"Trademark License" means any written agreement, now or hereafter in effect, granting to any third party any right to use any Trademark or any such right that any Grantor now or hereafter otherwise has the right to license, or granting to any Grantor any right to use any trademark now or hereafter owned by any third party, or that a third party now or hereafter otherwise has the right to license, and all rights of any Grantor under any such agreement.
 
"Trademarks" means all of the following now owned or hereafter acquired by any Grantor: (a) all trademarks, service marks, trade names, corporate names, company names, business names, fictitious business names, trade styles, trade dress, logos, other source or business identifiers and designs, now existing or hereafter adopted or acquired and all registrations, recordings and applications filed in connection with the foregoing, including registrations and registration applications in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (or any successor office) or any similar offices in any State of the United States or any other country or any political subdivision thereof (provided that no security interest shall be granted in the United States intent-to-use trademark applications to the extent that, and solely during the period in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity and enforceability of such intent-to-use trademark applications under applicable federal law), and all extensions or renewals thereof, including those listed on Schedule III, (b) all goodwill associated therewith or symbolized thereby and (c) all other assets, rights and interests that uniquely reflect or embody such goodwill.
 
37

 
ARTICLE II
 
 
Pledge of Securities
 
SECTION 2.01.    Pledge .
 
  Subject to Section 3.06, as security for the payment or performance, as the case may be, in full of the Secured Obligations, each Grantor hereby assigns and pledges to the Lender, its successors and assigns, and hereby grants to the Lender, its successors and assigns, a security interest in, all of such Grantor's right, title and interest in, to and under (a) the shares of capital stock and other Equity Interests of any subsidiaries owned by it and listed on Schedule II and any other Equity Interests of any subsidiaries obtained in the future by such Grantor and the certificates representing all such Equity Interests (the " Pledged Stock "); provided that the Pledged Stock shall not include more than 66% of the issued and outstanding voting Equity Interests of any Foreign Subsidiary; (b)(i) the debt securities listed opposite the name of such Grantor on Schedule II, (ii) any debt securities (other than Permitted Investments) in the future issued to such Grantor and (iii) the promissory notes and other instruments evidencing such debt securities (collectively, the " Pledged Debt Securities "); (c) all other property that may be delivered to and held by the Lender pursuant to the terms of this Section 2.01; (d) subject to Section 2.06, all payments of principal or interest, dividends, cash, instruments and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of, in exchange for or upon the conversion of, and all other Proceeds received in respect of, the securities referred to in clauses (a) and (b) above; (e) subject to Section 2.06, all rights and privileges of such Grantor with respect to the securities and other property referred to in clauses (a), (b), (c) and (d) above; and (f) all Proceeds of any of the foregoing (the items referred to in clauses (a) through (f) above being collectively referred to as the " Pledged Collateral ").
 
TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the Pledged Collateral, together with all right, title, interest, powers, privileges and preferences pertaining or incidental thereto, unto the Lender, its successors and assigns forever; subject, however, to the terms, covenants and conditions hereinafter set forth.
 
SECTION 2.02.    Delivery of the Pledged Collateral .
 
                (a) Subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, each Grantor agrees promptly to deliver or cause to be delivered to the Lender or an agent on behalf of the Lender any and all Pledged Securities.
 
(b)   Each Grantor will cause (i) any Indebtedness for borrowed money owed to such Grantor by the Parent or any subsidiary to be evidenced by a duly executed promissory note (except as otherwise provided pursuant to the Collateral Requirement) that is pledged and delivered to the Lender and (ii) any Indebtedness for borrowed money in an aggregate principal amount exceeding $10,000,000 owed to such Grantor by any other Person that is not the Parent or a subsidiary that is evidenced by a promissory note to be pledged and delivered to the Lender.
 
(c)   Upon delivery to the Lender, (i) any Pledged Securities shall be accompanied by stock powers duly executed in blank or other instruments of transfer satisfactory to the Lender and by such other instruments and documents as the Lender may reasonably request and (ii) all other property comprising part of the Pledged Collateral shall be accompanied by proper instruments of assignment duly executed by the applicable Grantor and such other instruments of assignment duly executed by the applicable Grantor and such other instruments or documents as the Lender may reasonably request.  Each delivery of  Pledged Securities shall be accompanied by a schedule describing the securities, which schedule shall be attached hereto as Schedule II and made a part hereof; provided, that failure to attach any such schedule hereto shall not affect the validity of such pledge of such Pledged Securities.  Each schedule so delivered shall supplement any prior schedules so delivered.
 
SECTION 2.03.    Representations, Warranties and Covenants .
 
The Grantors jointly and severally represent, warrant and covenant to and with the Lender, that:
 
(a)   Schedule II correctly sets forth the percentage of the issued and outstanding units of each class of the Equity Interests of the issuer thereof represented by the Pledged Stock and includes all Equity Interests, debt securities and promissory notes required to be pledged hereunder in order to satisfy the Collateral Requirement;
 
(b)   the Pledged Stock and Pledged Debt Securities issued by the Parent or any subsidiary have been duly and validly authorized and issued by the issuers thereof and (i) in the case of Pledged Stock, are fully paid and nonassessable, (ii) in the case of Pledged Debt Securities issued by the Parent or any subsidiary, are legal, valid and binding obligations of the issuers thereof and (iii) in the case of the Pledged Debt Securities issued by a Person other than the Parent or a subsidiary, to the applicable Grantor's best knowledge, are legal, valid and binding obligations of the issuers thereof;
 
(c)   except for the security interests granted hereunder and granted under the First Lien Loan Documents, each of the Grantors (i) is and, subject to any transfers made in compliance with the Credit Agreement, will continue to be the direct owner, beneficially and of record, of the Pledged Securities indicated on Schedule II as owned by such Grantor, (ii) holds the same free and clear of all Liens, other than Liens created by this Agreement, Permitted Encumbrances and Liens and transfers made in compliance with the Credit Agreement, (iii) will make no assignment, pledge, hypothecation or transfer of, or create or permit to exist any security interest in or other Lien on, the Pledged Collateral, other than Liens created by this Agreement, Permitted Encumbrances and Liens and transfers made in compliance with the Credit Agreement, and (iv) will defend its title or interest thereto or therein against any and all Liens (other than the Lien created by this Agreement and Permitted Encumbrances and Liens permitted pursuant to the Credit Agreement), however, arising, of all Persons whomsoever;
 
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(d)   except for restrictions and limitations imposed by the Loan Documents or the First Lien Loan Documents or securities laws generally, the Pledged Collateral is and will continue to be freely transferable and assignable, and none of the Pledged Collateral is or will be subject to any option, right of first refusal, shareholders agreement, charter or by-law provisions or contractual restriction of any nature that might prohibit, impair, delay or otherwise affect the pledge of such Pledged Collateral hereunder, the sale or disposition thereof pursuant hereto or the exercise by the Lender of rights and remedies hereunder;
 
(e)   each of the Grantors has the power and authority to pledge the Pledged Collateral pledged by it hereunder in the manner hereby done or contemplated;
 
(f)   no consent or approval of any Governmental Authority, any securities exchange or any other Person was or is necessary to the validity of the pledge effected hereby (other than such as have been obtained and are in full force and effect);
 
(g)   by virtue of the execution and delivery by the Grantors of this Agreement, when any Pledged Securities issued by an issuer organized under the laws of any of the States of the United States or the District of Columbia are delivered to the Lender in the State of New York in accordance with this Agreement or to a collateral agent for Lender in accordance with the Intercreditor Agreement, the Lender will obtain a legal, valid and perfected lien upon and security interest in such Pledged Securities as security for the payment and performance of the Secured Obligations; and
 
(h)   the pledge effected hereby is effective to vest in the Lender the rights of the Lender in the Pledged Collateral as set forth herein.
 
SECTION 2.04.      Certification of Limited Liability Company and Limited Partnership Interests .
 
Each interest in any limited liability company or limited partnership controlled by any Grantor and pledged hereunder shall be a "security" within the meaning of Article 8 of the New York UCC and shall be governed by Article 8 of the New York UCC and shall be represented by a certificate and delivered to the Lender pursuant to Section 2.02 or shall be an uncertificated security and subject to the provisions of Section 3.04(b); provided that the agreement referred to therein shall be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Lender and shall have been executed and delivered to the Lender within 10 days after the date the Parent or the Borrower shall have been required to comply with Sections 5.09 or 5.10(a) of the Credit Agreement.
 
SECTION 2.05.    Registration in Nominee Name; Denominations .
 
Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of a Default, subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, the Lender shall have the right (in its sole and absolute discretion) to hold the Pledged Securities in its own name as pledgee, the name of its nominee (as pledgee or as sub-agent) or the name of the applicable Grantor, endorsed or assigned in blank or in favor of the Lender.  Each Grantor will promptly give to the Lender copies of any notices or other communications received by it with respect to Pledged Securities registered in the name of such Grantor.  Subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, the Lender shall, if a Default shall have occurred and be continuing, have the right to exchange the certificates representing Pledged Securities for certificates of smaller or larger denominations for any purpose consistent with this Agreement.
 
SECTION 2.06.    Voting Rights; Dividends and Interest
 
(a) Subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, unless and until an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and the Lender shall have notified the Grantors that their rights under this Section 2.06 are being suspended:
 
(i)   Each Grantor shall be entitled to exercise any and all voting and/or other consensual rights and powers inuring to an owner of Pledged Securities or any part thereof for any purpose consistent with the terms of this Agreement, the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents; provided that such rights and powers shall not be exercised in any manner that could materially and adversely affect the rights inuring to a holder of any Pledged Securities or the rights and remedies of  Lender under this Agreement or the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document or the ability of Lender to exercise the same.
 
(ii)   The Lender shall execute and deliver to each Grantor, or cause to be executed and delivered to such Grantor, all such proxies, powers of attorney and other instruments as such Grantor may reasonably request for the purpose of enabling such Grantor to exercise the voting and/or consensual rights and powers it is entitled to exercise pursuant to subparagraph (i) above.
 
(iii)   Each Grantor shall be entitled to receive and retain any and all dividends, interest, principal and other distributions paid on or distributed in respect of the Pledged Securities to the extent and only to the extent that such dividends, interest, principal and other distributions are permitted by, and otherwise paid or distributed in accordance with, the terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement, the other Loan Documents and applicable laws; provided that any non-cash dividends, interest, principal or other distributions that would constitute Pledged Stock or Pledged Debt Securities, whether resulting from a subdivision, combination or reclassification of the outstanding Equity Interests of the issuer of any Pledged Securities or received in exchange for Pledged Securities or any part thereof, or in redemption thereof, or as a result of any merger, consolidation, acquisition or other exchange of assets to which such issuer may be a party or otherwise, shall be and become part of the Pledged Collateral, and, if received by any Grantor, shall not be commingled by such Grantor with any of its other funds or property but shall be held separate and apart therefrom, shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Lender and shall be forthwith delivered to the Lender in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement).
 
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(b)   Subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, after the Lender shall have notified the Grantors of the suspension of their rights under paragraph (a)(iii) of this Section 2.06, then all rights of any Grantor to dividends, interest, principal or other distributions that such Grantor is authorized to receive pursuant to paragraph (a)(iii) of this Section 2.06 shall cease, and all such rights shall thereupon become vested in the Lender, which shall have the sole and exclusive right and authority to receive and retain such dividends, interest, principal or other distributions.  All dividends, interest, principal or other distributions received by any Grantor contrary to the provisions of this Section 2.06 shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Lender, shall be segregated from other property or funds of such Grantor and shall be forthwith delivered to the Lender upon demand in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement).  Any and all money and other property paid over to or received by the Lender pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph (b) shall be retained by the Lender in an account to be established by the Lender upon receipt of such money or other property and shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.02.  After all Events of Default have been cured or waived and the Borrower has delivered to the Lender a certificate to that effect, the Lender shall promptly repay to each Grantor (without interest if the account is non-interest bearing) all dividends, interest, principal or other distributions that such Grantor would otherwise be permitted to retain pursuant to the terms of paragraph (a)(iii) of this Section 2.06 and that remain in such account.
 
(c)   Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, after the Lender shall have notified the Grantors of the suspension of their rights under paragraph (a)(i) of this Section 2.06, then all rights of any Grantor to exercise the voting and consensual rights and powers it is entitled to exercise pursuant to paragraph (a)(i) of this Section 2.06, and the obligations of the Lender under paragraph (a)(ii) of this Section 2.06, shall cease, and all such rights shall thereupon become vested in the Lender, which shall have the sole and exclusive right and authority to exercise such voting and consensual rights and powers; provided that the Lender shall have the right from time to time following and during the continuance of an Event of Default to permit the Grantors to exercise such rights.
 
(d)   Any notice given by the Lender to the Grantors suspending their rights under paragraph (a) of this Section 2.06 (i) may be given by telephone if promptly confirmed in writing within two Business Days thereafter, (ii) may be given to one or more of the Grantors at the same or different times and (iii) may suspend the rights of the Grantors under paragraph (a)(i) or paragraph (a)(iii) in part without suspending all such rights (as specified by the Lender in its sole and absolute discretion) and without waiving or otherwise affecting the Lender's rights to give additional notices from time to time suspending other rights so long as an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.
 
 
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ARTICLE III
 
 
Security Interests in Personal Property
 
SECTION 3.01.    Security Interest .
 
 (a) Subject to Section 3.06, as security for the payment or performance, as the case may be, in full of the Secured Obligations, each Grantor hereby assigns and pledges to the Lender, its successors and assigns, and hereby grants to the Lender, its successors and assigns, a security interest (the " Security Interest ") in, all right, title or interest in or to any and all of the following assets and properties now owned or at any time hereafter acquired by such Grantor or in which such Grantor now has or at any time in the future may acquire any right, title or interest (collectively, the " Article 9 Collateral ") :
 
(i)   all Accounts;
 
(ii)   all Chattel Paper;
 
(iii)   all Documents;
 
(iv)   all Equipment;
 
(v)   all General Intangibles;
 
(vi)   all Instruments;
 
(vii)   all Inventory;
 
(viii)   all Investment Property;
 
(ix)   all books and records pertaining to the Article 9 Collateral;
 
(x)   all cash and Deposit Accounts; and
 
(xi)   to the extent not otherwise included, all Proceeds and products of any and all of the foregoing and all collateral security and guarantees given by any Person with respect to any of the foregoing.
 
(b)   Each Grantor hereby irrevocably authorizes the Lender at any time and from time to time to file in any relevant jurisdiction any initial financing statements (including fixture filings) with respect to the Article 9 Collateral or any part thereof and amendments thereto that (i) indicate the Collateral as all assets of such Pledgor or words of similar effect as being of an equal or lesser scope or with greater detail, and (ii) contain the information required by Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code of each applicable jurisdiction for the filing of any financing statement or amendment, including (A) whether such Grantor is an organization, the type of organization and any organizational identification number issued to such Grantor and (B) in the case of a financing statement filed as a fixture filing or covering Article 9 Collateral constituting minerals or the like to be extracted or timber to be cut, a sufficient description of the real property to which such Article 9 Collateral relates. Each Grantor agrees to provide such information to the Lender promptly upon request.
 
The Lender is further authorized to file with the United States Patent and Trademark Office or United States Copyright Office (or any successor office) such documents as may be necessary or advisable for the purpose of perfecting, confirming, continuing, enforcing or protecting the Security Interest granted by each Grantor naming any Grantor or the Grantors as debtors and the Lender as secured party; provided that the Lender shall obtain such Grantor's written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld) prior to such filings; provided further that no consent shall be required if a Default shall have occurred and be continuing.
 
(c)   The Security Interest is granted as security only and shall not subject the Lender to, or in any way alter or modify, any obligation or liability of any Grantor with respect to or arising out of the Article 9 Collateral.
 
(d)   Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in no event shall the security interest granted hereunder attach to any contract or agreement to which a Grantor is a party or any of its rights or interests thereunder if and for so long as the grant of such security interest shall constitute or result in (i) the unenforceability of any right of the Grantor therein or (ii) a breach or termination pursuant to the terms of, or a default under, any such contract or agreement (other than to the extent that any such term would be rendered ineffective pursuant to Sections 9-406, 9-407, 9-408 or 9-409 of the New York UCC or any other applicable law or principles of equity), provided, however , that such security interest shall attach immediately at such time as the condition causing such unenforceability or breach termination or default, as the case may be, shall be remedied and, to the extent severable, shall attach immediately to any portion of such contract or agreement that does not result in any of the consequences specified in (i) or (ii) including, without limitation, any proceeds of such contract or agreement.
 
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SECTION 3.02.    Representations and Warranties .
 
The Grantors jointly and severally represent and warrant to the Lender that:
 
(a)   Each Grantor has good and valid rights in and title to the Article 9 Collateral with respect to which it has purported to grant a Security Interest hereunder and has full power and authority to grant to the Lender the Security Interest in such Article 9 Collateral pursuant hereto and to execute, deliver and perform its obligations in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, without the consent or approval of any other Person other than any consent or approval that has been obtained.
 
(b)   The Perfection Schedule has been duly prepared and completed (other than Sections 4-6 thereof) and the information set forth therein, including the exact legal name of each Grantor, is correct and complete as of the date of this Agreement; provided that the information listed on Annex 2 of the Perfection Schedule required under Section 2(f) of the Perfection Schedule lists only the names and addresses of those Persons other than any Grantor that have possession of any of the Collateral, which for such purposes shall include any assets of any Loan Party upon which a Lien is granted pursuant to any other Security Document to secure any Secured Obligations, of any Grantor with a book value exceeding $1,000,000 on the date hereof. The Uniform Commercial Code financing statements (including fixture filings, as applicable) or other appropriate filings, recordings or registrations prepared by the Lender based upon the information provided to the Lender in the Perfection Schedule for filing in each governmental, municipal or other office specified in Annex 2 to the Perfection Schedule (or specified by notice from the Borrower to the Lender after the date of this Agreement in the case of filings, recordings or registrations required by Section 5.10 or 5.11 of the Credit Agreement), are all the filings, recordings and registrations (other than filings required to be made in the United States Copyright Office in order to perfect the Security Interest in Article 9 Collateral consisting of Copyrights) that are necessary to publish notice of and protect the validity of and to establish a legal, valid and perfected security interest in favor of the Lender in respect of all Article 9 Collateral in which the Security Interest may be perfected by filing, recording or registration in the United States (or any political subdivision thereof) and its territories and possessions, and no further or subsequent filing, re-filing, recording, re-recording, registration or re-registration is necessary in any such jurisdiction, except as provided under applicable law with respect to the filing of continuation statements. As of the date of this Agreement, no Grantor owns any Copyright that is material to the conduct of its business.
 
(c)   The Security Interest constitutes (i) a legal and valid security interest in all the Article 9 Collateral securing the payment and performance of the Secured Obligations, (ii) subject to the filings described in Section 4.02(b), a perfected security interest in all Article 9 Collateral in which a security interest may be perfected by filing, recording or registering a financing statement or analogous document in the United States (or any political subdivision thereof) and its territories and possessions pursuant to the Uniform Commercial Code or other applicable law in such jurisdictions and (iii) a security interest that shall be perfected in all Article 9 Collateral in which a security interest may be perfected upon the receipt and recording of a copyright security agreement with the United States Copyright Office pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 205. Except for the Lien on U.S. Patent no. 5787753, the Security Interest is and shall be prior to any other Lien on any of the Article 9 Collateral, other than Permitted Encumbrances that have priority as a matter of law and Liens expressly permitted to be prior to the Security Interest pursuant to Section 6.02 of the Credit Agreement.
 
(d)   The Article 9 Collateral is owned by the Grantors free and clear of any Lien, except for Permitted Encumbrances and Liens expressly permitted pursuant to Section 6.02 of the Credit Agreement.  Other than with respect to any filing made with respect to the First Lien Documents, none of the Grantors has filed or consented to the filing of (i) any financing statement or analogous document under the Uniform Commercial Code or any other applicable laws covering any Article 9 Collateral, (ii) any assignment in which any Grantor assigns any Collateral or any security agreement or similar instrument covering any Article 9 Collateral with the United States Patent and Trademark Office or the United States Copyright Office or (iii) any assignment in which any Grantor assigns any Article 9 Collateral or any security agreement or similar instrument covering any Article 9 Collateral with any foreign governmental, municipal or other office, which financing statement or analogous document, assignment, security agreement or similar instrument is still in effect, except, in each case, for Liens expressly permitted pursuant to the Loan Documents or Section 6.02 of the Credit Agreement.
 
SECTION 3.03.    Covenants .
 
  (a) Each Grantor agrees to maintain, at its own cost and expense, such complete and accurate records with respect to the Article 9 Collateral owned by it as is consistent with its current practices and in accordance with such prudent and standard practices used in industries that are the same as or similar to those in which such Grantor is engaged, but in any event to include complete accounting records indicating all payments and proceeds received with respect to any part of the Article 9 Collateral.
 
(b)   Each Grantor shall, at its own expense, take any and all actions necessary to defend title to the Article 9 Collateral against all Persons and to defend the Security Interest of the Lender in the Article 9 Collateral and the priority thereof against any Lien not expressly permitted pursuant to Section 6.02 of the Credit Agreement.
 
(c)   Each Grantor agrees, at its own expense, to execute, acknowledge, deliver and cause to be duly filed all such further instruments and documents and take all such actions as the Lender may from time to time reasonably request to better assure, preserve, protect and perfect the Security Interest and the rights and remedies created hereby, including the payment of any fees and taxes required in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the granting of the Security Interest and the filing of any financing statements (including fixture filings) or other documents in connection herewith or therewith. If any amount payable under or in connection with any of the Article 9 Collateral shall be or become evidenced by any promissory note or other instrument, such note or instrument shall be immediately pledged and delivered to the Lender, duly endorsed in a manner satisfactory to the Lender.
 
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Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor hereby authorizes the Lender, with prompt notice thereof to the Grantors, to supplement this Agreement by supplementing Schedule III or adding additional schedules hereto to specifically identify any asset or item that may constitute Copyrights, Licenses, Patents or Trademarks; provided that (i) any Grantor shall have the right, exercisable within 10 days after it has been notified by the Lender of the specific identification of such Collateral, to advise the Lender in writing of any inaccuracy of the representations and warranties made by such Grantor hereunder with respect to such Collateral, and (ii) the Lender may not file such supplemental schedules with the United States Patent and Trademark Office or United States Copyright Office without such Grantor's consent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld); provided that no consent of such Grantor shall be required if a Default shall have occurred and be continuing. Each Grantor agrees that it will use its best efforts to take such action as shall be necessary in order that all representations and warranties hereunder shall be true and correct with respect to such Collateral within 30 days after the date it has been notified by the Lender of the specific identification of such Collateral.
 
(d)   The Lender and such Persons as the Lender may reasonably designate shall have the right, at the Grantors' own cost and expense, to inspect the Article 9 Collateral, all records related thereto (and to make extracts and copies from such records) and the premises upon which any of the Article 9 Collateral is located, to discuss the Grantors' affairs with the officers of the Grantors and their independent accountants and to verify under reasonable procedures, in accordance with Section 5.06 of the Credit Agreement, the validity, amount, quality, quantity, value, condition and status of, or any other matter relating to, the Article 9 Collateral, including, in the case of Accounts or Article 9 Collateral in the possession of any third person, by contacting Account Debtors or the third person possessing such Article 9 Collateral for the purpose of making such a verification.
 
(e)   At its option, the Lender may discharge past due taxes, assessments, charges, fees, Liens, security interests or other encumbrances at any time levied or placed on the Article 9 Collateral and not permitted pursuant to Section 6.02 of the Credit Agreement, and may pay for the maintenance and preservation of the Article 9 Collateral to the extent any Grantor fails to do so as required by the Credit Agreement or this Agreement, and each Grantor jointly and severally agrees to reimburse the Lender on demand for any payment made or any expense incurred by the Lender pursuant to the foregoing authorization; provided that nothing in this paragraph shall be interpreted as excusing any Grantor from the performance of, or imposing any obligation on the Lender or any Secured Party to cure or perform, any covenants or other promises of any Grantor with respect to taxes, assessments, charges, fees, Liens, security interests or other encumbrances and maintenance as set forth herein or in the other Loan Documents.
 
(f)   If at any time any Grantor shall take a security interest in any property of an Account Debtor or any other Person to secure payment and performance of an Account in an amount exceeding $5,000,000, such Grantor shall promptly assign such security interest to the Lender. Such assignment need not be filed of public record unless necessary to continue the perfected status of the security interest against creditors of and transferees from the Account Debtor or other Person granting the security interest.
 
(g)   Each Grantor shall remain liable to observe and perform all the conditions and obligations to be observed and performed by it under each contract, agreement or instrument relating to the Article 9 Collateral, all in accordance with the terms and conditions thereof, and each Grantor jointly and severally agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Lender from and against any and all liability for such performance.
 
(h)   None of the Grantors shall make or permit to be made an assignment, pledge or hypothecation of the Article 9 Collateral or shall grant any other Lien in respect of the Article 9 Collateral, except as permitted by the Credit Agreement, the First Lien Credit Agreement and the First Lien Term Loan Agreement.  None of the Grantors shall make or permit to be made any transfer of the Article 9 Collateral and each Grantor shall remain at all times in possession of the Article 9 Collateral owned by it, except that unless and until the Lender shall notify the Grantors that an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and that during the continuance thereof the Grantors shall not sell, convey, lease, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of any Article 9 Collateral (which notice may be given by telephone if promptly confirmed in writing), the Grantors may use and dispose of the Article 9 Collateral in any lawful manner not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, the Credit Agreement, any other Loan Document, the First Lien Credit Agreement or the First Lien Term Loan Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor agrees that it shall use commercially reasonable efforts to not permit any Inventory with a book value at any time exceeding $1,000,000 at any one location to be in the possession or control of any warehouseman, agent, bailee, or processor at any time unless such warehouseman, bailee, agent or processor shall have been notified of the Security Interest and shall have acknowledged in writing, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Lender, that such warehouseman, agent, bailee or processor holds the Inventory for the benefit of the Lender subject to the Security Interest and shall act upon the instructions of the Lender without further consent from the Grantor, and that such warehouseman, agent, bailee or processor further agrees to waive and release any Lien held by it with respect to such Inventory, whether arising by operation of law or otherwise; provided that the Lender agrees that it will not deliver any such instructions unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing.
 
(i)   None of the Grantors will, without the Lender's prior written consent (which consent, unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, shall not be unreasonably withheld), grant any extension of the time of payment of any Accounts included in the Article 9 Collateral, compromise, compound or settle the same for less than the full amount thereof, release, wholly or partly, any Person liable for the payment thereof or allow any credit or discount whatsoever thereon, other than extensions, compromises, settlements, releases, credits or discounts granted or made in the ordinary course of business and consistent with its current practices and in accordance with such prudent and standard practice used in industries that are the same as or similar to those in which such Grantor is engaged.
 
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(j)   The Grantors, at their own expense, shall maintain or cause to be maintained insurance covering physical loss or damage to the Inventory and Equipment in accordance with the requirements set forth in Schedule IV hereto.  Subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, each Grantor irrevocably makes, constitutes and appoints the Lender (and all officers, employees or agents designated by the Lender) as such Grantor's true and lawful agent (and attorney-in-fact) for the purpose, during the continuance of an Event of Default, of making, settling and adjusting claims in respect of Article 9 Collateral under policies of insurance, endorsing the name of such Grantor on any check, draft, instrument or other item of payment for the proceeds of such policies of insurance and for making all determinations and decisions with respect thereto. In the event that any Grantor at any time or times shall fail to obtain or maintain any of the policies of insurance required hereby or to pay any premium in whole or part relating thereto, the Lender may, without waiving or releasing any obligation or liability of the Grantors hereunder or any Event of Default, in its sole discretion, obtain and maintain such policies of insurance and pay such premium and take any other actions with respect thereto as the Lender deems advisable. All sums disbursed by the Lender in connection with this paragraph, including reasonable attorneys' fees, court costs, expenses and other charges relating thereto, shall be payable, upon demand, by the Grantors to the Lender and shall be additional Secured Obligations secured hereby.
 
(k)   Each Grantor shall maintain, in form and manner reasonably satisfactory to the Lender, records of its Chattel Paper and its books, records and documents evidencing or pertaining thereto.
 
SECTION 3.04.    Other Actions
 
In order to further insure the attachment, perfection and priority of, and the ability of the Lender to enforce, the Security Interest, each Grantor agrees, in each case at such Grantor's own expense, to take the following actions with respect to the following Article 9 Collateral:
 
(a)   Instruments . If any Grantor shall at any time hold or acquire any Instruments, subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, such Grantor shall forthwith endorse, assign and deliver the same to the Lender, accompanied by such instruments of transfer or assignment duly executed in blank as the Lender may from time to time reasonably request.
 
(b)   Investment Property . Except to the extent otherwise provided in Article III, and subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, if any Grantor shall at any time hold or acquire any certificated securities, such Grantor shall forthwith endorse, assign and deliver the same to the Lender, accompanied by such instruments of transfer or assignment duly executed in blank as the Lender may from time to time specify. If any securities now or hereafter acquired by any Grantor are uncertificated and are issued to such Grantor or its nominee directly by the issuer thereof, such Grantor shall immediately notify the Lender thereof and, at the Lender's request and option, pursuant to an agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Lender, and subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, either (i) cause the issuer to agree to comply with instructions from the Lender as to such securities, without further consent of any Grantor or such nominee, or (ii) arrange for the Lender to become the registered owner of the securities.
 
SECTION 3.05.    Covenants Regarding Patent, Trademark and Copyright Collateral .
 
  (a) Each Grantor agrees that it will not do any act or knowingly omit to do any act (and will exercise commercially reasonable efforts to prevent its licensees from doing any act or omitting to do any act) whereby any Patent that is material to the conduct of such Grantor's business may become invalidated or dedicated to the public, and agrees that it shall continue to use proper statutory notice in connection with Grantor's products covered by a Patent in a manner consistent with past practices in the ordinary course of business.
 
(b)   Each Grantor (either itself or through its licensees or its sublicensees) will, for each Trademark material to the conduct of such Grantor's business, (i) maintain such Trademark in full force free from any claim of abandonment or invalidity for non-use, (ii) maintain the quality of products and services offered under such Trademark, consistent with the quality of the products and services of the date hereof, (iii) use proper statutory notice in a manner consistent with past practices in the ordinary course of business and (iv) not knowingly use or knowingly permit the use of such Trademark in violation of any third party rights.
 
(c)   Each Grantor (either itself or through its licensees or sublicensees) will, for each work covered by a Copyright material to the conduct of such Grantor's business, continue to publish, reproduce, display, adopt and distribute the work with proper statutory notice in a manner consistent with past practices in the ordinary course of business.
 
(d)   Each Grantor shall notify the Lender promptly if it knows or has reason to know that any Patent, Trademark or Copyright material to the conduct of its business may become abandoned, lost or dedicated to the public, or of any materially adverse determination or development (including the institution of, or any such determination or development in, any proceeding in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, United States Copyright Office or any court or similar office of any country) regarding such Grantor's ownership of any Patent, Trademark or Copyright, its right to register the same, or its right to keep and maintain the same.
 
(e)   In the event that any Grantor, either itself or through any agent, employee, licensee or designee, files an application for any Patent, Trademark or Copyright material to the conduct of its business (or for the registration of any Trademark or Copyright) with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, United States Copyright Office or any office or agency in any political subdivision of the United States or in any other country or any political subdivision thereof, such Grantor shall, substantially contemporaneously with such filing, notify the Lender, and, upon request of the Lender, execute and deliver any and all agreements, instruments, documents and papers as the Lender may reasonably request to evidence the Lender's security interest in such Patent, Trademark or Copyright.
 
(f)   Each Grantor will take all necessary steps that are consistent with the practice in any proceeding before the United States Patent and Trademark Office, United States Copyright Office or any office or agency in any political subdivision of the United States or in any other country or any political subdivision thereof, to maintain and pursue each material application relating to the Patents, Trademarks and/or Copyrights (and to obtain the relevant grant or registration) and to maintain each issued Patent and each registration of the Trademarks and Copyrights that is material to the conduct of any Grantor's business, including timely filings of applications for renewal, affidavits of use, affidavits of incontestability and payment of maintenance fees, and, if consistent with good business judgment, to initiate opposition, interference and cancellation proceedings against third parties.
 
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(g)   In the event that any Grantor has reason to believe that any Article 9 Collateral consisting of a Patent, Trademark or Copyright material to the conduct of any Grantor's business has been or is about to be infringed, misappropriated or diluted by a third party, such Grantor promptly shall notify the Lender and shall, if consistent with good business judgment, promptly sue for infringement, misappropriation or dilution and to recover any and all damages for such infringement, misappropriation or dilution, and take such other actions as are appropriate under the circumstances to protect such Article 9 Collateral.
 
(h)   Upon and during the continuance of an Event of Default, each Grantor shall use its best efforts to obtain all requisite consents or approvals by the licensor of each Copyright License, Patent License or Trademark License to effect the assignment of all such Grantor's right, title and interest thereunder to the Lender or its designee.
 
(i)   Each year at the time of delivery of the certificate required pursuant to Section 5.10(b) of the Credit Agreement, the Parent or the Borrower shall supplement Schedule III to this Agreement with any information not previously disclosed to the Lender.
 
SECTION 3.06.    Existing Senior Notes Indentures .
 
This Agreement and the other Security Documents (a) are intended not to create a Lien on any Restricted Property to secure any of the Secured Obligations if and to the extent doing so would require any of the Existing Senior Notes to be equally and ratably secured, and (b) shall be construed and enforced to give effect to such intention.
 
SECTION 3.07.   Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts.   
                (a) The Grantors shall have Control Agreements executed and delivered to the Lender by all depositary banks and securities intermediaries with which the Grantors maintain Deposit Accounts or Securities Accounts on the date hereof; provided that the Grantors shall not be required to have Control Agreements executed and delivered for Deposit Accounts that do not at any time contain any deposits other than those exclusively used for (i) payroll, payroll taxes and other wage or benefit payments to or for the benefit of employees of one or more of the Grantors or (ii) disbursements; provided , further , that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Grantors shall use commercially reasonable efforts to have Control Agreements executed and delivered to the Lender no later than 60 days after the date hereof (or such later date as the Lender shall approve in its sole discretion) with respect to the Deposit Accounts and Securities Accounts listed on Schedule V.
 
(b)   No Grantor shall open any additional Deposit Account (other than a Deposit Account for which no Control Agreement is required under paragraph (a) of this Section) or Securities Account after the date hereof unless such Grantor shall notify the Lender thereof and either (i) cause the depositary bank or securities intermediary, as the case may be, to agree to comply with instructions from the Lender to such depositary bank or securities intermediary directing the disposition of funds or securities from time to time credited to such Deposit Account or Securities Account, without further consent of such Grantor or any other Person, pursuant to a Control Agreement reasonably satisfactory to the Lender and the Borrower, or (ii) arrange for the Lender to become the customer of the depositary bank or securities intermediary with respect to the Deposit Account or Securities Account, with the Grantor being permitted, only with the consent of the Lender, to exercise rights to withdraw funds from such Deposit Account or sell or otherwise dispose in any way of securities from such Securities Accounts.  The Lender agrees with each Grantor that the Lender shall not give any such instructions or withhold any withdrawal or sale rights from any Grantor unless an Event of Default under either Credit Agreement has occurred and is continuing, or, after giving effect to any such withdrawal or sale, would occur.
 
SECTION 3.08.    Limitations on Duties of Lender .
 
Beyond its duties as to the custody thereof expressly provided herein or in any other Security Document and to account to the Loan Parties for moneys and other property received by it hereunder or under any other Security Document, the Lender shall not have any duty to the Loan Parties as to any Collateral in its possession or control of any of its agents or nominees, or any income thereon or as to the preservation of rights against prior parties or any other rights pertaining thereto.
 

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ARTICLE IV
 
 
Remedies
 
SECTION 4.01.     Remedies Upon Default .
 
Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, each Grantor agrees to deliver each item of Collateral to the Lender on demand, and it is agreed that the Lender shall have the right to take any of or all the following actions at the same or different times: (a) with respect to any Article 9 Collateral consisting of Intellectual Property, on demand, to cause the Security Interest to become an assignment, transfer and conveyance of any of or all such Article 9 Collateral by the applicable Grantors to the Lender, or to license or sublicense, whether general, special or otherwise, and whether on an exclusive or nonexclusive basis, any such Article 9 Collateral throughout the world on such terms and conditions and in such manner as the Lender shall determine (other than in violation of any then-existing licensing arrangements to the extent that waivers cannot be obtained), and (b) with or without legal process and with or without prior notice or demand for performance, to take possession of the Article 9 Collateral and without liability for trespass to enter any premises where the Article 9 Collateral may be located for the purpose of taking possession of or removing the Article 9 Collateral and, generally, to exercise any and all rights afforded to a secured party under the Uniform Commercial Code or other applicable law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor agrees that the Lender shall have the right, subject to the mandatory requirements of applicable law, and subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, to sell or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the Collateral at a public or private sale or at any broker's board or on any securities exchange, for cash, upon credit or for future delivery as the Lender shall deem appropriate. The Lender shall be authorized at any such sale of securities (if it deems it advisable to do so) to restrict the prospective bidders or purchasers to Persons who will represent and agree that they are purchasing the Collateral for their own account for investment and not with a view to the distribution or sale thereof, and upon consummation of any such sale the Lender shall have the right to assign, transfer and deliver to the purchaser or purchasers thereof the Collateral so sold. Each such purchaser at any sale of Collateral shall hold the property sold absolutely, free from any claim or right on the part of any Grantor, and each Grantor hereby waives (to the extent permitted by law) all rights of redemption, stay and appraisal which such Grantor now has or may at any time in the future have under any rule of law or statute now existing or hereafter enacted.
 
The Lender shall give the applicable Grantors 10 days' written notice (which each Grantor agrees is reasonable notice within the meaning of Section 9-611 of the New York UCC or its equivalent in other jurisdictions) of the Lender's intention to make any sale of Collateral. Such notice, in the case of a public sale, shall state the time and place for such sale and, in the case of a sale at a broker's board or on a securities exchange, shall state the board or exchange at which such sale is to be made and the day on which the Collateral, or portion thereof, will first be offered for sale at such board or exchange. Any such public sale shall be held at such time or times within ordinary business hours and at such place or places as the Lender may fix and state in the notice (if any) of such sale. At any such sale, the Collateral , or portion thereof, to be sold may be sold in one lot as an entirety or in separate parcels, as the Lender may (in its sole and absolute discretion) determine. The Lender shall not be obligated to make any sale of any Collateral if it shall determine not to do so, regardless of the fact that notice of sale of such Collateral shall have been given.  Subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, the Lender may, without notice or publication, adjourn any public or private sale or cause the same to be adjourned from time to time by announcement at the time and place fixed for sale, and such sale may, without further notice, be made at the time and place to which the same was so adjourned. In case any sale of all or any part of the Collateral is made on credit or for future delivery, the Collateral so sold may be retained by the Lender until the sale price is paid by the purchaser or purchasers thereof, but the Lender shall not incur any liability in case any such purchaser or purchasers shall fail to take up and pay for the Collateral so sold and, in case of any such failure, such Collateral may be sold again upon like notice.  Subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, at any public (or, to the extent permitted by law, private) sale made pursuant to this Agreement, Lender  may bid for or purchase, free (to the extent permitted by law) from any right of redemption, stay, valuation or appraisal on the part of any Grantor (all said rights being also hereby waived and released to the extent permitted by law), the Collateral or any part thereof offered for sale. For purposes hereof, a written agreement to purchase the Collateral or any portion thereof shall be treated as a sale thereof; the Lender shall be free to carry out such sale pursuant to such agreement and no Grantor shall be entitled to the return of the Collateral or any portion thereof subject thereto, notwithstanding the fact that after the Lender shall have entered into such an agreement all Events of Default shall have been remedied and the Secured Obligations paid in full. As an alternative to exercising the power of sale herein conferred upon it, the Lender may proceed by a suit or suits at law or in equity to foreclose this Agreement and to sell the Collateral or any portion thereof pursuant to a judgment or decree of a court or courts having competent jurisdiction or pursuant to a proceeding by a court-appointed receiver. Any sale pursuant to the provisions of this Section 4.01 shall be deemed to conform to the commercially reasonable standards as provided in Section 9-610(b) of the New York UCC or its equivalent in other jurisdictions.
 
Subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, in the event of a foreclosure or other exercise of remedies against the Collateral by the Lender on any of the Collateral pursuant to a public or private sale or other disposition, the Lender may be the purchaser or licensor of any or all of such Collateral at any such sale or other disposition, and the Lender shall be entitled, for the purpose of bidding and making settlement or payment of the purchase price for all or any portion of the Collateral sold at any such sale, to use and apply any of the Secured Obligations as a credit on account of the purchase price for any Collateral payable by the Lender at such sale or other disposition.
 
SECTION 4.02.    Application of Proceeds .
 
(a) Subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, the Lender shall apply the proceeds of any collection or sale of Collateral, which for such purposes shall include any assets of any Grantor upon which a Lien is granted pursuant to any other Security Document to secure any Secured Obligations, hereunder or under any other Security Document, including any Collateral consisting of cash, as follows:
 
FIRST, to the payment of all costs and expenses incurred by the Lender in connection with such collection or sale or otherwise in connection with this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any of the Secured Obligations, including all court costs and the fees and expenses of its agents and legal counsel, the repayment of all advances made by the Lender hereunder or under any other Loan Document on behalf of any Grantor and any other costs or expenses incurred in connection with the exercise of any right or remedy hereunder or under any other Loan Document;
 
SECOND, to the payment in full of the Secured Obligations; and
 
THIRD, to the Grantors, their successors or assigns, or as a court of competent jurisdiction may otherwise direct.
 
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Subject to the Intercreditor Agreement,   the Lender shall have absolute discretion as to the time of application of any such proceeds, moneys or balances in accordance with this Agreement. Upon any sale of Collateral, which for such purposes shall include any assets of any Grantor upon which a Lien is granted pursuant to any other Security Document to secure any Secured Obligations, by the Lender (including pursuant to a power of sale granted by statute or under a judicial proceeding), the receipt of the Lender or of the officer making the sale shall be a sufficient discharge to the purchaser or purchasers of the Collateral, which for such purposes shall include any assets of any Grantor upon which a Lien is granted pursuant to any other Security Document to secure any Secured Obligations, so sold and such purchaser or purchasers shall not be obligated to see to the application of any part of the purchase money paid over to the Lender or such officer or be answerable in any way for the misapplication thereof.
 
SECTION 4.03.    Grant of License to Use Intellectual Property
 
For the purpose of enabling the Lender to exercise the rights and remedies under this Agreement at such time as the Lender shall be lawfully entitled to exercise such rights and remedies, each Grantor hereby grants to the Lender (to the extent grantable by such Grantor without breaching or violating any agreement) an irrevocable, nonexclusive license (exercisable without payment of royalty or other compensation to the Grantors and subject, in the case of Trademarks, to sufficient rights to quality control and inspection in favor of such Grantor to avoid the risk of invalidation of such Trademarks and, in the case of trade secrets, to an obligation of Lender to take reasonable steps under the circumstances to keep the trade secrets confidential to avoid the risk of invalidation of such trade secrets) to use, license or sublicense any of the Article 9 Collateral consisting of Intellectual Property now owned or hereafter acquired by such Grantor, and wherever the same may be located, and including in such license reasonable access to all media in which any of the licensed items may be recorded or stored and to all computer software and programs used for the compilation or printout thereof. The use of such license by the Lender may be exercised, at the option of the Lender, only upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default and subject to the Intercreditor Agreement; provided that any license to any third party, sublicense to any third party or other transaction entered into by the Lender in accordance herewith shall be binding upon the Grantors notwithstanding any subsequent cure of an Event of Default.
 
SECTION 4.04.     Securities Act
 
In view of the position of the Grantors in relation to the Pledged Collateral, or because of other current or future circumstances, a question may arise under the Securities Act of 1933, as now or hereafter in effect, or any similar statute hereafter enacted analogous in purpose or effect (such Act and any such similar statute as from time to time in effect being called the " Federal Securities Laws ") with respect to any disposition of the Pledged Collateral permitted hereunder. Each Grantor understands that compliance with the Federal Securities Laws might very strictly limit the course of conduct of the Lender if the Lender were to attempt to dispose of all or any part of the Pledged Collateral, and might also limit the extent to which or the manner in which any subsequent transferee of any Pledged Collateral could dispose of the same. Similarly, there may be other legal restrictions or limitations affecting the Lender in any attempt to dispose of all or part of the Pledged Collateral under applicable Blue Sky or other state securities laws or similar laws analogous in purpose or effect. Each Grantor recognizes that in light of such restrictions and limitations the Lender may, with respect to any sale of the Pledged Collateral, limit the purchasers to those who will agree, among other things, to acquire such Pledged Collateral for their own account, for investment, and not with a view to the distribution or resale thereof. Each Grantor acknowledges and agrees that in light of such restrictions and limitations, the Lender, in its sole and absolute discretion (a) may proceed to make such a sale whether or not a registration statement for the purpose of registering such Pledged Collateral or any part thereof shall have been filed under the Federal Securities Laws and (b) may approach and negotiate with a single potential purchaser to effect such sale. Each Grantor acknowledges and agrees that any such sale might result in prices and other terms less favorable to the seller than if such sale were a public sale without such restrictions. In the event of any such sale, the Lender shall incur no responsibility or liability for selling all or any part of the Pledged Collateral at a price that the Lender, in its sole and absolute discretion, may in good faith deem reasonable under the circumstances, notwithstanding the possibility that a substantially higher price might have been realized if the sale were deferred until after registration as aforesaid or if more than a single purchaser were approached. The provisions of this Section 4.04 will apply notwithstanding the existence of a public or private market upon which the quotations or sales prices may exceed substantially the price at which the Lender sells.
 
 
47

ARTICLE V
 
 
Indemnity, Subrogation and Subordination
 
SECTION 5.01.     Indemnity and Subrogation
 
In addition to all such rights of indemnity and subrogation as the Grantors may have under applicable law (but subject to Section 5.03), the Borrower agrees that in the event any assets of any Grantor shall be sold pursuant to this Agreement or any other Security Document to satisfy in whole or in part an obligation owed to any Secured Party, the Borrower shall indemnify such Grantor in an amount equal to the greater of the book value or the fair market value of the assets so sold.
 
SECTION 5.02.     Contribution and Subrogation .
 
Each Grantor (a " Contributing Party ") agrees (subject to Section 5.03) that, in the event any assets of any other Grantor shall be sold pursuant to any Security Document to satisfy any Secured Obligation owed to the Lender and such other Grantor (the " Claiming Party ") shall not have been fully indemnified by the Borrower as provided in Section 5.01, the Contributing Party shall indemnify the Claiming Party in an amount equal to the greater of the book value or the fair market value of such assets multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the net worth of the Contributing Party on the date hereof and the denominator shall be the aggregate net worth of all the Grantors on the date hereof (or, in the case of any Grantor becoming a party hereto pursuant to Section 7.14, the date of the supplement hereto executed and delivered by such Grantor). Any Contributing Party making any payment to a Claiming Party pursuant to this Section 5.02 shall be subrogated to the rights of such Claiming Party under Section 5.01 to the extent of such payment.
 
SECTION 5.03.    Subordination .
 
                (a) Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, all rights of the Grantors under Sections 5.01 and 5.02 and all other rights of indemnity, contribution or subrogation under applicable law or otherwise shall be fully subordinated to the indefeasible payment in full in cash of the Secured Obligations. No failure on the part of the Borrower or any Grantor to make the payments required by Sections 5.01 and 5.02 (or any other payments required under applicable law or otherwise) shall in any respect limit the obligations and liabilities of any Grantor with respect to its obligations hereunder, and each Grantor shall remain liable for the full amount of the obligations of such Grantor hereunder.
 
(b)   Each Grantor hereby agrees that all Indebtedness and other monetary obligations owed by it to any other Grantor or any other Subsidiary shall be fully subordinated to the indefeasible payment in full in cash of the Secured Obligations.
 
                          ARTICLE VI                                
 

 
Intercreditor Agreement
 
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Liens and security interests granted to the Lender pursuant to this Agreement and the exercise of any right or remedy by the Lender hereunder are subject to the provisions of the Intercreditor Agreement, dated of even date herewith (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the "I ntercreditor Agreement "), among JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as agent, General Motors Company and the Grantors (as defined therein) from time to time a party thereto and certain other persons party or that may become party thereto from time to time.  In the event of any conflict between the terms of the Intercreditor Agreement and this Agreement, the terms of the Intercreditor Agreement shall govern and control .
 
48


ARTICLE VII
 

 
Miscellaneous
 
SECTION 7.01.      Notices
 
All communications and notices hereunder shall (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein) be in writing and given as provided in Section 9.01 of the Credit Agreement. All communications and notices hereunder to any Subsidiary Party shall be given to it in care of the Borrower as provided in Section 9.01 of the Credit Agreement.
 
SECTION 7.02.     Waivers; Amendment
 
               (a) No failure or delay by the Lender in exercising any right or power hereunder or under any other Loan Document shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or power, or any abandonment or discontinuance of steps to enforce such a right or power, preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or power. The rights and remedies of the Lender hereunder and under the other Loan Documents are cumulative and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies that they would otherwise have. No waiver of any provision of this Agreement or consent to any departure by any Loan Party therefrom shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be permitted by paragraph (b) of this Section 7.02, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the purpose for which given. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the making of a Loan shall not be construed as a waiver of any Default, regardless of whether the Lender may have had notice or knowledge of such Default at the time. No notice or demand on any Loan Party in any case shall entitle any Loan Party to any other or further notice or demand in similar or other circumstances.
 
(b)   Neither this Agreement nor any provision hereof may be waived, amended or modified except pursuant to an agreement or agreements in writing entered into by the Lender and the Loan Party or Loan Parties with respect to which such waiver, amendment or modification is to apply.
 
SECTION 7.03.    Lender's Fees and Expenses; Indemnification
 
                (a) The parties hereto agree that the Lender shall be entitled to reimbursement of its reasonable expenses incurred hereunder as provided in Section 9.03 of the Credit Agreement.
 
(b)   Without limitation of its indemnification obligations under the other Loan Documents, each Grantor jointly and severally agrees to indemnify the Lender and the other Indemnitees (as defined in Section 9.03 of the Credit Agreement) against, and hold each Indemnitee harmless from, any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and related expenses, including the fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for any Indemnitee, incurred by or asserted against any Indemnitee arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of, the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement or any claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding relating to any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby, or to the Collateral, which for such purposes shall include any assets of any Loan Party upon which a Lien is granted pursuant to any other Security Document to secure any Secured Obligations, whether or not any Indemnitee is a party thereto; provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnitee, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or related expenses are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee or any of its Related Parties.
 
(c)   Any such amounts payable as provided hereunder shall be additional Secured Obligations secured hereby and by the other Security Documents. The provisions of this Section 7.03 shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of the termination of this Agreement or any other Loan Document, the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, the repayment of any of the Secured Obligations, the invalidity or unenforceability of any term or provision of this Agreement or any other Loan Document, or any investigation made by or on behalf of the Lender or any other Secured Party. All amounts due under this Section 7.03 shall be payable promptly after written demand therefor.
 
SECTION 7.04.     Successors and Assigns
 
Whenever in this Agreement any of the parties hereto is referred to, such reference shall be deemed to include the permitted successors and assigns of such party; and all covenants, promises and agreements by or on behalf of any Grantor or the Lender that are contained in this Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns.
 
SECTION 7.05.    Survival of Agreement
 
All covenants, agreements, representations and warranties made by the Loan Parties in the Loan Documents and in the certificates or other instruments prepared or delivered in connection with or pursuant to this Agreement or any other Loan Document shall be considered to have been relied upon by the Lenders and shall survive the execution and delivery of the Loan Documents and the making of any Loans, regardless of any investigation made by any Lender or on its behalf and notwithstanding that the Lender may have had notice or knowledge of any Default or incorrect representation or warranty at the time any credit is extended under the Credit Agreement, and shall continue in full force and effect as long as the principal of or any accrued interest on any Loan or any fee or any other amount payable under any Loan Document is outstanding and so long as the Commitment has not expired or terminated.
 
49

SECTION 7.06.     Counterparts; Effectiveness; Several Agreement
 
This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed signature page to this Agreement by facsimile transmission or electronic transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually signed counterpart of this Agreement. This Agreement shall become effective as to any Loan Party when a counterpart hereof executed on behalf of such Loan Party shall have been delivered to the Lender and a counterpart hereof shall have been executed on behalf of the Lender, and thereafter shall be binding upon such Loan Party and the Lender and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and shall inure to the benefit of such Loan Party, the Lender and their respective successors and assigns, except that no Loan Party shall have the right to assign or transfer its rights or obligations hereunder or any interest herein or in the Collateral (and any such assignment or transfer shall be void) except as expressly contemplated by this Agreement or the Credit Agreement. This Agreement shall be construed as a separate agreement with respect to each Loan Party and may be modified, supplemented, waived or released with respect to any Loan Party without the approval of any other Loan Party and without affecting the obligations of any other Loan Party hereunder.
 
SECTION 7.07.    Severability
 
Any provision of this Agreement held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability without affecting the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions hereof; and the invalidity of a particular provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate such provision in any other jurisdiction. The parties shall endeavor in good-faith negotiations to replace the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions.
 
SECTION 7.08.    [Intentionally Omitted].
 
SECTION 7.09.   Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Consent to Service of Process
 
                (a) This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the law of the State of New York.
 
(b)   Each of the Loan Parties hereby irrevocably and unconditionally submits, for itself and its property, to the nonexclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the State of New York sitting in New York County and of the United States District Court of the Southern District of New York, and any appellate court from any thereof, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any other Security Document, or for recognition or enforcement of any judgment, and each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that all claims in respect of any such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such New York State or, to the extent permitted by law, in such Federal court. Each of the parties hereto agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. Nothing in this Agreement or any other Security Document shall affect any right that the Lender may otherwise have to bring any action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document against any Grantor or its properties in the courts of any jurisdiction.
 
(c)   Each of the Loan Parties hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent it may legally and effectively do so, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any other Security Document in any court referred to in paragraph (b) of this Section 7.09. Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action or proceeding in any such court.
 
(d)   Each party to this Agreement irrevocably consents to service of process in the manner provided for notices in Section 7.01. Nothing in this Agreement or any other Security Document will affect the right of any party to this Agreement to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.
 
SECTION 7.10.      WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL
 
.   EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 7.10.
 
SECTION 7.11.    Headings
 
Article and Section headings and the Table of Contents used herein are for convenience of reference only, are not part of this Agreement and are not to affect the construction of, or to be taken into consideration in interpreting, this Agreement.
 
50

SECTION 7.12.    Security Interest Absolute
 
All rights of the Lender hereunder, the Security Interest, the grant of a security interest in the Pledged Collateral and all obligations of each Grantor hereunder shall be absolute and unconditional irrespective of (a) any lack of validity or enforceability of the Credit Agreement, any other Loan Document, any agreement with respect to any of the Secured Obligations or any other agreement or instrument relating to any of the foregoing, (b) any change in the time, manner or place of payment of, or in any other term of, all or any of the Secured Obligations, or any other amendment or waiver of or any consent to any departure from the Credit Agreement, any other Loan Document or any other agreement or instrument, (c) any exchange, release or non-perfection of any Lien on other collateral, or any release or amendment or waiver of or consent under or departure from any guarantee, securing or guaranteeing all or any of the Secured Obligations, or (d) any other circumstance that might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, any Grantor in respect of the Secured Obligations or this Agreement.
 
SECTION 7.13.    Termination or Release
 
                (a) This Agreement, the Security Interest and all other security interests granted hereby shall terminate when all the Secured Obligations have been indefeasibly paid in full and the Lenders have no further commitment to lend under the Credit Agreement.
 
(b)   A Subsidiary Party shall automatically be released from its obligations hereunder and the Security Interest in the Collateral of such Subsidiary Party shall be automatically released upon the consummation of any transaction permitted by the Credit Agreement as a result of which such Subsidiary Party ceases to be a Subsidiary of the Borrower; provided that the Lender shall have consented to such transaction (if and only to the extent required by the Credit Agreement) and the terms of such consent did not provide otherwise.
 
(c)   Upon any sale or other transfer by any Grantor of any Collateral that is permitted under the Credit Agreement to a transferee that is not a Grantor, or if and to the extent required pursuant to Section 9.02 of the Credit Agreement upon the effectiveness of any written consent to the release of the security interest granted hereby in any Collateral, the security interest in such Collateral shall be automatically released.  For the avoidance of doubt, for purposes of this Section 7.13(c), the term “Collateral” shall include any assets of any Loan Party upon which a Lien is granted pursuant to any other Security Document to secure any Secured Obligations.
 
(d)   In connection with any termination or release pursuant to paragraph (a), (b) or (c), the Lender shall execute and deliver to any Grantor, at such Grantor's expense, all documents that such Grantor shall reasonably request to evidence such termination or release. Any execution and delivery of documents pursuant to this Section 7.13 shall be without recourse to or warranty by the Lender.
 
SECTION 7.14.    Additional Subsidiaries .
 
Pursuant to Section 5.09 of the Credit Agreement, each Subsidiary Loan Party that was not in existence or not a Subsidiary Loan Party on the date of this Agreement is required to enter into this Agreement as a Subsidiary Party upon becoming such a Subsidiary Loan Party. Upon execution and delivery by the Lender and a Subsidiary of an instrument in the form of Exhibit I hereto, such Subsidiary shall become a Subsidiary Party hereunder with the same force and effect as if originally named as a Subsidiary Party herein. The execution and delivery of any such instrument shall not require the consent of any other Loan Party hereunder. The rights and obligations of each Loan Party hereunder shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding the addition of any new Loan Party as a party to this Agreement.
 
SECTION 7.15.    Lender Appointed Attorney-in-Fact .
 
Each Grantor hereby appoints the Lender the attorney-in-fact of such Grantor for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Agreement and taking any action and executing any instrument that the Lender may deem necessary or advisable to accomplish the purposes hereof, which appointment is irrevocable and coupled with an interest. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Lender shall have the right, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, with full power of substitution either in the Lender's name or in the name of such Grantor (a) to receive, endorse, assign and/or deliver any and all notes, acceptances, checks, drafts, money orders or other evidences of payment relating to the Collateral or any part thereof; (b) to demand, collect, receive payment of, give receipt for and give discharges and releases of all or any of the Collateral; (c) to sign the name of any Grantor on any invoice or bill of lading relating to any of the Collateral; (d) to send verifications of Accounts Receivable to any Account Debtor; (e) to commence and prosecute any and all suits, actions or proceedings at law or in equity in any court of competent jurisdiction to collect or otherwise realize on all or any of the Collateral or to enforce any rights in respect of any Collateral; (f) to settle, compromise, compound, adjust or defend any actions, suits or proceedings relating to all or any of the Collateral; (g) to notify, or to require any Grantor to notify, Account Debtors to make payment directly to the Lender; and (h) to use, sell, assign, transfer, pledge, make any agreement with respect to or otherwise deal with all or any of the Collateral, and to do all other acts and things necessary to carry out the purposes of this Agreement, as fully and completely as though the Lender were the absolute owner of the Collateral for all purposes; provided that nothing herein contained shall be construed as requiring or obligating the Lender to make any commitment or to make any inquiry as to the nature or sufficiency of any payment received by the Lender, or to present or file any claim or notice, or to take any action with respect to the Collateral or any part thereof or the moneys due or to become due in respect thereof or any property covered thereby. The Lender shall be accountable only for amounts actually received as a result of the exercise of the powers granted to them herein, and neither they nor their officers, directors, employees or agents shall be responsible to any Grantor for any act or failure to act hereunder, except for their own gross negligence or willful misconduct. For the avoidance of doubt, for purposes of this Section 7.15, the term “Collateral” shall include any assets of any Loan Party upon which a Lien is granted pursuant to any other Security Document to secure any Secured Obligations.
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.
 

 
[Signature page follows]

 
51

 


[Signature page to the Collateral Agreement]

AMERICAN AXLE &
MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.,

By: /s/



Name: Shannon J. Curry
Title:   Treasurer



AMERICAN AXLE &
MANUFACTURING, INC.,

By: /s/



Name: Shannon J. Curry
Title:   Treasurer


AAM INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS,
INC.,

By:   /s/


Name: Shannon J. Curry
Title:   Treasurer



COLFOR MANUFACTURING, INC,.

By:   /s/



Name: Shannon J. Curry
Title:   Treasurer

[Signature Page to the Collateral Agreement]

DIETRONIK, INC,.

By:   /s/



Name: Shannon J. Curry
Title:   Treasurer


MSP INDUSTRIES CORPORATION,

By:  /s/



Name: Shannon J. Curry
Title:   Treasurer



OXFORD FORGE, INC.,

By:    /s/



Name: Shannon J. Curry
Title:   Treasurer

 
 
ACCUGEAR, INC.,

By:    /s/



Name: Shannon J. Curry
Title:   Treasurer


 
52

 

[Signature Page to the Collateral Agreement]


GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY,

By:  /s/



Name: __Authorized Signatory ___________
Title:   ______________________________



DETROIT.3786481.8

 
53

 


10-Q

 
EXHIBIT 31.1 – CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT
 

 
I, Richard E. Dauch, certify that:

1.  
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc.;

2.  
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.  
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.  
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)  
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)  
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)  
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)  
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.  
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)  
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)  
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 

 
Date: October 30, 2009

/s/ Richard E. Dauch
Richard E. Dauch
Co-Founder, Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)


10-Q

 
EXHIBIT 31.2 – CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT
 

 
I, Michael K. Simonte, certify that:

1.  
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc.;

2.  
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.  
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.  
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)  
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)  
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)  
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)  
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.  
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):


a)  
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)  
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 

 
Date: October 30, 2009

/s/ Michael K. Simonte
Michael K. Simonte
Executive Vice President - Finance & Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

10-Q


 
EXHIBIT 32 - CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002


In connection with the Quarterly Report of American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. (Issuer) on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2009 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (Report), I, Richard E. Dauch, Co-Founder, Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer of the Issuer, and I, Michael K. Simonte, Executive Vice President - Finance & Chief Financial Officer of the Issuer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 
(1)  The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 
(2)  The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Issuer.
 
 
 
 
         
/s/  Richard E. Dauch
   
/s/  Michael K. Simonte
 
Richard E. Dauch
   
Michael K. Simonte 
 
Co-Founder, Chairman of the Board &     Executive Vice President - Finance &  
Chief Executive Officer     Chief Financial Officer  
October 30, 2009     October 30, 2009  











10-Q
EXECUTION COPY


ACCESS AND SECURITY AGREEMENT
 
American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries and affiliates now existing and to be formed (“ Supplier ”), and General Motors Company, on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries and affiliates (“ GM ” or “ Customer ”), enter into this Access and Security Agreement (this “ Agreement ”) on September 16, 2009.
 
 
RECITALS
 
A.   Supplier, on the one hand, and Customer, or Customer’s affiliates and subsidiaries, on the other hand, are parties to, or may become parties to the Settlement Agreement (defined below), and certain purchase orders, releases, and/or other supply agreements or contracts (as now existing or hereafter entered into, each an “ Access Facilities Supply Contract ,” and, collectively, the “ Access Facilities Supply Contracts ”) for the sale by Supplier to Customer of certain component parts, service parts, assemblies, and/or finished goods (each a “ Component Part ,” and, collectively, the “ Component Parts ”) at the “Access Facilities” (defined below).
 
B.   To ensure continuity of supply by Supplier to Customer, Supplier and Customer have entered into (i) the Settlement and Commercial Agreement (the “ Settlement Agreement ”), under which Customer will provide Supplier with certain financial and other accommodations , and (ii) a Second Lien Loan Agreement (the “ Second Lien Loan Agreement ”), under which Customer will provide certain lines of credit on which Supplier may elect to draw.
 
C.   Supplier is entering into this Agreement for the benefit of Customer to afford Customer the right to use certain of Supplier’s assets as provided below if an “Event of Default” (defined below) occurs and the security interests in the “Operating Assets” (defined below) and mortgages on “Owned Real Estate” (defined below) granted hereby are solely as collateral security for “Supplier’s Obligations” (defined below) hereunder.
 
D.   Supplier acknowledges that Supplier’s failure to allow Customer to exercise its “Right of Access” (defined below) in accordance with the terms of this Agreement will cause Customer irreparable harm.
 
BASED ON THE FOREGOING RECITALS, which are incorporated as representations and warranties of the parties, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are acknowledged, Supplier and Customer agree as follows:
 
 
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
 
1.   Defined Terms . In addition to those terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the indicated meanings, unless the context otherwise requires:
 
Access Facilities ” means those facilities set forth on Schedule 1 .
 
Accounts ” means any “account” or “chattel paper,” as defined in Sections 9-102(a)(2) and 9-102(a)(11), respectively, of the “Code” (defined below), owned now or hereafter by Supplier, and also means and includes (i) all accounts receivable, contract rights, book debts, notes, drafts, instruments, documents, acceptances, payments under leases, and other forms of obligations, now owned or hereafter received or acquired by or belonging or owing to Supplier (including under any trade name, styles, or division thereof) whether arising out of goods sold or leased or services rendered by Supplier or from any other transaction, whether or not the same involves the sale of goods or services by Supplier (including, without limitation, any such payment obligation or right to payment which might be characterized as an account, contract right, general intangible, or chattel paper under the Code in effect in any jurisdiction); (ii) all monies due to or to become due to Supplier under all contracts for the sale or lease of goods or the performance of services by Supplier (whether or not yet earned by performance on the part of Supplier) now in existence or hereafter arising; and (iii) deposit accounts, insurance refunds, tax refunds, tax refund claims, and related cash and cash equivalents, now owned or hereafter received or acquired by or belonging or owing to Supplier.
 
Agent ” means JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., in its capacity as agent under certain of the Loan Agreements (defined below).
 
Authorized Representative ” means each officer of the Supplier, acting as an authorized signatory in connection with this Agreement or as a duly authorized agent of Supplier in connection with other actions taken as described in this Agreement.
 
Code ” means the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the State of Michigan as of the date of this Agreement.
 
Component Parts ” has the meaning set forth in Recital A above.
 
Conditions to Return of Possession ” means, in each case, Supplier’s timely fulfillment of each of the following conditions:  (i) Supplier provides written evidence, in form and content reasonably satisfactory to the Customer, within 30 days after the Customer invokes the Right of Access that Supplier has obtained long term financing to replace such terminated financing, which financing has been funded and is adequate to fund the performance of Supplier's obligations to the Customer under the Access Facilities Supply Contracts; (ii) Supplier is otherwise performing under the terms of the Access Facilities Supply Contracts between Supplier and Customer; (iii) Supplier has reimbursed Customer for all costs incurred by Customer in invoking the Right of Access, including all such costs that the Customer incurs or that it will incur through and including the termination of the Right of Access; and (iv) indemnifies Customer, in such form and content satisfactory to Customer in its discretion, from any and all liabilities arising out of or related to the Customer's exercise of the Right of Access.
 
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Contract Rights ” means all rights of Supplier (excluding the right to payment and items described in the definition of Accounts) under each “Contract” (defined below).
 
Contracts ” or individually, a “ Contract ,” means any licensing agreements and any and all other contracts, supply agreements, accepted purchase orders, or other agreements used in and necessary for the manufacture, production or assembly of Component Parts and in or under which Supplier may now or hereafter have any right, title, or interest and which pertain to the lease, sale, or other disposition by Supplier of “Equipment” (defined below), “Inventory” (defined below), fixtures, real property, or the right to use or acquire personal property, as any of the same may from time to time be amended, supplemented, or otherwise modified.
 
Designee ” means one or more duly authorized agents of Customer, (a) the identity of which is made known to Supplier in writing and is reasonably acceptable to Supplier, or (b) is one of the following: BBK, Ltd., AlixPartners, PriceWaterhouseCoopers, and the Whitehall Group.
 
Documents ” means all “documents” as defined in Section 9-102(a)(30) of the Code.
 
Effective Date ” means the earlier to occur of (a) the date on which GM first makes payment to Supplier on account of receivables on “net 10 days” payment terms (the “ Expedited Payment Terms ”) for shipments of Component Parts to Supplier or (b) the date on which Supplier and GM enter into the Settlement Agreement.
 
Equipment ” means any “equipment,” as that term is defined in Section 9-102(a)(33) of the Code, now or hereafter owned by Supplier, which is used in and necessary for the manufacture, production or assembly of Component Parts, and will also mean and include all such machinery, equipment, vehicles, furnishings, and fixtures (as such terms are defined in Section 9-102(a)(41) of the Code) now owned or hereafter acquired by Supplier, including, without limitation, all items of machinery and equipment of any kind, nature, and description, whether affixed to real property or not, as well as all additions to, substitutions for, replacements of or accessions to any of the foregoing items and all attachments, components, parts (including spare parts), and accessories whether installed thereon or affixed thereto in each case only if and to the extent used in and necessary for the manufacture of Component Parts.
 
Event of Default ” will mean any of the following events, only upon written notice thereof being provided by Customer to Supplier:
 
(a)   Any event or circumstance shall occur or condition shall exist under the Loan Agreement (other than the Second Lien Loan Agreement) if the effect of such event, circumstance, or condition is to accelerate or permit the acceleration of the Loan Agreement, and (i) Lender has prohibited or limited the supplier from drawing on its revolving line of credit and (ii) Supplier does not demonstrate to GM’s reasonable satisfaction that it has adequate liquidity to meet its obligations to GM for a rolling 60-day period, unless such event, circumstance, or condition is timely waived or cured;
 
(b)   Supplier refuses to perform its obligation to supply Component Parts under an unexpired Access Facilities Supply Contract (such written refusal, a “ Repudiation ”), other than arising from a material breach by Customer of this Agreement or an Access Facilities Supply Contract, and such Repudiation is not rescinded in writing within twenty-four (24) hours after delivery and receipt of a written demand from GM to Supplier’s notice recipients as set forth in Section 21 of this Agreement; provided , however , that such twenty-four (24) hour period will no longer apply if GM’s production at any one or more of GM’s assembly plants worldwide is actually interrupted; and provided , further , that such Repudiation will not be an Event of Default if the event causing such Repudiation is a Force Majeure Event that lasts no more than 30 days (and, if such Force Majeure Event lasts more than 30 days, such Repudiation shall be an Event of Default).
 
(c)   Exclusive of breaches by Supplier that are the result of a material breach by Customer of this Agreement, Supplier materially breaches its obligations to supply Component Parts under an unexpired Access Facilities Supply Contract, the consequence of which is the substantial likelihood that GM’s production at any one or more of GM’s assembly plants worldwide may be imminently interrupted; provided , however that with respect to any unintentional breach (e.g., a quality spill), Supplier shall have a twenty-four (24) hour cure period; provided , further , that such twenty-four (24) hour period will no longer apply if GM’s production at any one or more of GM’s assembly plants worldwide is actually interrupted; and provided , further , that such material breach will not be an Event of Default if the event causing such breach is a Force Majeure Event that lasts no more than 30 days (and, if such Force Majeure Event lasts more than 30 days, such breach shall be an Event of Default).
 
(d)   One or more of Supplier’s loan facilities in respect of which the indebtedness outstanding thereunder exceeds $5,000,000 USD (other than the Second Lien Loan Agreement) expire or are terminated without Supplier providing to GM written evidence of a binding substitute financing commitment relating to such expired or terminated loan facility, provided that such written evidence of binding substitute financing commitment has not expired or been terminated, the consequence of which is the substantial likelihood that GM’s production at any one or more of GM’s assembly plants worldwide may be imminently interrupted;   provided, further, however , in the case of an Event of Default under this sub-section (d) only and in the event that Supplier has complied fully with the Conditions to Return of Possession (as defined below) on or within 30 days after the occurrence of the Event of Default, Customer shall return possession of the applicable Operating Assets and Real Estate to Supplier on or before ten (10) business days following the satisfaction of all of the Conditions to Return of Possession.
 
(e)   An Authorized Representative acknowledges in writing that Supplier is unable to continue to produce the Component Parts for GM in accordance with the terms of an unexpired Access Facilities Supply Contract; provided , however , it will not be an Event of Default if the inability to produce is a result of a Force Majeure Event that lasts no more than 30 days (and, if such Force Majeure Event lasts more than 30 days, such inability to produce shall be an Event of Default).
 
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(f)   As to a specific Access Facility, any Lender (other than GM) or lien creditor commences any foreclosure or other enforcement action against a material portion of the Operating Assets at that Access Facility and such foreclosure or other enforcement action is not stayed within ten (10) business days and does not remain stayed thereafter, the consequence of which is the substantial likelihood that GM’s production at any one or more of GM’s assembly plants worldwide may be imminently interrupted; provided , however , if such action does not actually interfere with Supplier’s use of the Operating Assets, the commencement of such action will not constitute an Event of Default.
 
(g)   Supplier demands financial or other accommodations, other than a demand that GM perform its obligations under any Access Facilities Supply Contract, the Settlement Agreement, or this Agreement, from GM or a GM affiliate that are in addition to GM or such affiliate’s obligations under an Access Facilities Supply Contract or other agreement between the parties and threatens to cease supplying Component Parts to GM in accordance with the terms of an unexpired Access Facilities Supply Contract if such demands are not met and such threat is not withdrawn in writing within forty-eight (48) hours after receipt of written notice from GM.
 
Force Majeure Event ” means an event or occurrence beyond the control of Supplier and without its fault or negligence, including, but not limited to: acts of God; actions taken by any governmental authority; fires; floods; storms; explosions; riots; natural disasters; wars; strikes; lock-outs or other labor work stoppages; acts of terrorism; inability to obtain power, material, labor, equipment, or transportation; or court injunction or order.
 
General Intangibles ” means all “general intangibles,” as such term is defined in Section 9-102(a)(42) of the Code, now or hereafter owned by Supplier, which are used in or necessary for the manufacture, production or assembly of Component Parts, including, without limitation, customer lists, rights in intellectual property, goodwill, trade names, service marks, trade secrets, patents, trademarks, copyrights, applications therefore or for any registrable rights listed in this definition, permits, licenses, now owned or hereafter acquired by Supplier, but excluding items described in the definition of Accounts.
 
Instruments ” means all “instruments,” as defined in Section 9-102(a)(47) of the Code.
 
Intellectual Property ” means all now existing or hereafter acquired patents, trademarks, copyrights, inventions, licenses, discoveries, processes, know-how, techniques, trade secrets, designs, specifications, and the like (regardless of whether such items are now patented or registered, or registrable, or patentable in the future), and all technical, engineering, or other information and knowledge, product and production data and drawings, which are used in or necessary for the manufacture, production or assembly of Component Parts including, without limitation, all items, rights, and property defined as “intellectual property” under 11 U.S.C. Section 101, as amended from time to time, which are used in or necessary for the manufacture, production, or assembly of Component Parts.
 
Inventory ” means any “inventory,” as that term is defined in Section 9-102(a)(48) of the Code, wherever located, now owned or hereafter acquired by Supplier or in which Supplier now has or hereafter may acquire any right, title or interest including, without limitation, all goods and other personal property now or hereafter owned by Supplier which are leased or held for sale or lease or are furnished or are to be furnished under a contract of service or which constitute raw materials, work in process or materials used or consumed or to be used or consumed in the manufacture of Component Parts, or in the processing, packaging or shipping of the same, and all finished goods that are Component Parts.
 
Leased Real Estate ” means the real property associated with the Access Facilities located at Oxford, Michigan.
 
Lenders ” means any of Supplier’s current or future secured lenders or any agents under a Loan Agreement or any successor thereto or replacement or substitute thereof to whom the indebtedness outstanding exceeds $5,000,000 USD, including, without limitation, General Motors Company, to the extent that any commitment to fund remains under the Second Lien Loan Agreement or any amount remains outstanding thereunder.
 
Loan Agreement ” means any agreement entered into by Supplier and one or more of the “Lenders” (defined above), including, without limitation, the Second Lien Loan Agreement, to the extent that any commitment to fund remains thereunder or any amount remains outstanding thereunder.
 
Obligations ” means the obligation to provide Customer or its Designee the Right of Access.
 
Operating Assets ” means all of Supplier’s interest in the assets used in or necessary for the production, assembly, sub-assembly, testing, and validation of Component Parts, whether located at an Access Facility or at a sub-supplier’s facility, including Equipment, Real Estate, Contract Rights, and General Intangibles, but specifically excluding any Accounts, Inventory, Documents, Instruments, chattel paper, and “Proceeds” (defined below) of such excluded items and “Proceeds” of General Intangibles.
 
Owned Real Estate ” means real property associated with the Access Facilities and owned by Supplier.
 
Proceeds ” has the meaning provided it under Section 9-102(a)(64) of the Code and, in any event, will include, but not be limited to: (i) any and all proceeds of any insurance, indemnity, warranty, or guaranty payable to Supplier from time to time with respect to any of the Operating Assets or Real Estate; (ii) any and all payments (in any form whatsoever) made or due and payable to Supplier from time to time in connection with any requisition, confiscation, condemnation, seizure, or forfeiture of all or any part of the Operating Assets or Real Estate by any governmental body, authority, bureau, or agency (or any Person acting under color of governmental authority); and (iii) any and all other amounts from time to time paid or payable under or in connection with any of the Operating Assets or Real Estate.
 
Real Estate ” means the real property associated with the Access Facilities, including the Owned Real Estate and the Leased Real Estate.
 
Senior Lenders ” means each of the Lenders other than GM in its capacity as a Lender.
 
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2.   Grant of Liens and Security Interests .   Solely as collateral security for the Obligations (and not for any other Obligations of the Supplier under this or any other agreement), Supplier hereby grants to Customer (i) a continuing lien and security interest in the Operating Assets and mortgage on the Owned Real Estate, whether now owned or hereafter acquired by Supplier, or in which Supplier now has or at any time in the future may acquire any right, title, or interest, and (ii) a security interest and lien on the Intellectual Property used in, and necessary for the production of Component Parts (collectively, the “ Collateral ”).  Further, Supplier hereby grants to Customer permission to file any financing statements, security interests, and/or mortgages deemed necessary by Customer to perfect its security interest and mortgage granted hereby.  The security interests and mortgages granted to Customer pursuant to this Agreement to secure the Obligations are junior and subordinate to the liens, security interests, and mortgages granted to the Lenders in all respects but in all cases the Lenders’ exercise of their rights and remedies with respect to their liens and security interests against the Operating Assets and mortgages on the Owned Real Estate are subject to the terms of this Agreement.  The Lenders may take any necessary action to protect their rights in the Collateral, including but not limited to, preparing for a sale and selling, transferring, or liquidating any asset not included as Operating Assets or Owned Real Estate, or to list the Operating Assets or Owned Real Estate for sale provided any closing would occur no sooner than the expiration of the Term of this Agreement, and preparing all of the Collateral for liquidation (including the Operating Assets and Owned Real Estate); provided , however , Lender’s actions will not impair Customer’s Right of Access until the expiration of the Term of this Agreement.  Customer’s rights as a secured creditor under this Agreement will be strictly limited to enforcing the Right of Access.  The security interest and liens in the Operating Assets and Owned Real Estate granted to GM pursuant to this paragraph or the mortgages, as applicable, shall terminate and become of no further force and effect, without any action or document of any kind, upon expiration of the Term of this Agreement.  GM hereby grants Supplier and Senior Lenders the right, effective upon the termination of the security interest granted by this paragraph, to file any termination statement or mortgage discharge with respect to any financing statement or release or satisfaction of mortgage with respect to any mortgage filing or any other release of lien documentation necessary in connection with any lien filed by GM in connection with the Operating Assets or Owned Real Estate and agrees to execute any documents deemed by Supplier or the Senior Lenders to be necessary or desirable in connection therewith.
 
3.   Right of Access
 
(a)   General .  Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default and, if such Event of Default relates only to some limited subset of the Access Facilities then solely with respect to those Access Facilities (but in any event as to every plant at such Access Facilities that, as of the Effective Date of this Agreement, is producing Component Parts) at which the Component Parts that are subject to the Event of Default are manufactured, Customer or its Designee will have a right, but not the obligation, to use and have access to the Operating Assets and Real Estate to manufacture, process, and/or ship Component Parts manufactured at such Access Facilities (the “ Right of Access ”) for a period of up to three hundred sixty (360) days from the date Customer provides the written notice referenced below (the “ Access Period ”).  Customer may invoke the Right of Access at any one or more Access Facility at any time after the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to Component Parts manufactured at such Access Facility, provided that it if it invokes the Right of Access it shall be done by delivering written notice to Supplier and Agent, as set forth in Section 21 of this Agreement, indicating its intention to invoke the Right of Access at least twenty-four (24) hours before taking any action pursuant thereto.  Customer will have no right to sell, transfer, or dispose of the Operating Assets or the Real Estate as part of the Right of Access.  If the Right of Access is not invoked as to all of the Access Facilities, subject to the terms of this Agreement, it may be invoked thereafter as to additional Access Facilities.
 
(b)   Customer’s Obligations .  If Customer invokes the Right of Access for itself or its Designee, in lieu of payment for Component Parts produced after exercise of the Right of Access, Customer will, as to each Access Facility at which Customer has exercised the Right of Access:
 
(i)  
use such reasonable care to preserve the Operating Assets and Real Estate as a prudent owner would use in connection with the custody and preservation of its own assets, and indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Supplier and Lenders, and their respective, officers, directors, employees, and agents of, from, and against any and all costs, expenses (including all court costs and reasonable, documented attorneys’ fees), losses, damages, and liabilities relating to property damage (including, without limitation, any physical damage to the Operating Assets and Real Estate) or physical injury suffered by any persons (including, without limitation, employees, contractors, agents, and other third parties), in each case, proximately caused by or arising out or accruing as a result of (a) Customer’s or its Designee’s activities or operations within any Access Facility or use of the Operating Assets and Real Estate during the Access Period, (b) Customer’s production of products for Supplier’s other customers as permitted in Section 3(b)(vi) , and (c) Customer’s or its sublicensee’s improper or unauthorized use of Supplier’s Intellectual Property; provided , however , the foregoing indemnity obligations will not apply to claims arising out of or related to conditions that existed or events that occurred before the Access Period.  Customer’s indemnity obligation will survive the expiration or any earlier termination of this Agreement;
 
(ii)  
insure with comparable coverage and maintain the Operating Assets and Real Estate in the same condition as existed on the date Customer exercised the Right of Access, ordinary wear and tear excepted, naming Agent as a loss payee and additional insured on all insurance policies obtained with respect to the Operating Assets and the Real Estate;
 
(iii)  
pay the actual costs and expenses incurred in connection with the manufacturing of Component Parts during the Access Period, including, without limitation, inventory, gross wages (including overtime and benefits), supplier premiums, hostage payments, rent, utilities and other overhead expenses, royalty payments under licenses to third parties, prorated real and property taxes and assessments attributable to the Operating Assets and Real Estate;
 
(iv)  
purchase Supplier’s Inventory according to the terms of this Agreement;
 
(v)  
subject to Customer’s or its Designee’s right to use and have access to the Operating Assets and Real Estate during the Access Period, afford Supplier’s representatives (and representatives of the Lenders, secured creditors and mortgagees or lessors of the Operating Assets and/or Real Estate) reasonable access to inspect the Operating Assets and the Real Estate being utilized by Customer;
 
(vi)  
subject to (a) Supplier’s other customers consenting to Customer’s production of their parts and agreeing to make payment to Customer or its Designee, as applicable, on account of its allocable share of overhead and related expenses and all direct expenses related to such other customer’s production; (b) Supplier making the necessary tangible personal property available for use during the Access Period, and (c) Supplier or Supplier’s other customers providing GM or its Designee an appropriate license for any intellectual property necessary for the production of parts for such customer, Customer agrees, for itself and its Designee, to produce parts for such other customers during the Access Period;
 
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(vii)  
observe in all respects all applicable laws, rules, regulations, and ordinances relating to the use and occupancy of the Operating Assets and the Real Estate, and to the manufacturing, processing, and shipping of the Component Parts, including, without limitation, all relevant employment laws, collective-bargaining agreements pertaining to “Employees” (defined below), and Supplier employment policies during the Access Period; and
 
(viii)  
pay on a monthly basis in arrears, and prorated for any partial months, to the Senior Lenders for Supplier’s account, an access fee (the “ Access Fee ”) for the Access Facilities where the Right of Access is exercised in accordance with Schedule 3(b)(vii) .
 
Customer’s obligations under this Section 3(b) shall not be subject to setoff, recoupment, or deduction of any kind.  In the event, however, that Supplier fails to comply with the terms of this Agreement, Customer's obligations to Lenders under Sections 3(b)(ii) and 3(b)(viii) shall be enforceable by Lenders against Customer provided that (i) Lenders have not impaired the Customer’s Right of Access, (ii) are forbearing from exercising their respective rights and remedies under the Loan Agreements to foreclose on the Operating Assets and Real Estate pursuant to the terms hereof and (iii) Lenders reasonably cooperate with Customer in any proceedings against the Supplier to enforce the terms of this Agreement.
 
(c)   Supplier’s Obligations .  If Customer invokes its Right of Access, Supplier will comply with the following:
 
(i)  
At Customer’s election and in its sole discretion, Supplier will use its reasonable best efforts to continue to employ those of its active employees that Customer reasonably determines are necessary to maintain production of the Component Parts (the “ Employees ”) and in turn subcontract the Employees to Customer or its Designee at an amount equal to Supplier’s costs with respect to such Employees; provided that nothing in this Section 3(c)(i) will require Supplier to hire any new employees or employ any employees of Customer, nor shall Supplier be obligated to increase the salary or other compensation of any Employee, or otherwise incur any expenses, in order to comply with this Section 3(c)(i) .  Customer or its Designee will fund all costs and expenses relating to Supplier’s employment of the Employees incurred during the Access Period.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Customer or its Designee will fund all amounts incurred by Supplier to meet its regular payroll obligations, including salaries, wages, payroll taxes, workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance, disability insurance, welfare, pension contributions, and other payments and contributions required to be made by Supplier with respect to the Employees, which are incurred during the Access Period, but in no event will Customer be liable under this Agreement for any costs for unfunded pension liability, actuarial liability, past service unfunded actuarial liability or solvency or other deficiency relating to any pension plan, retiree medical plan, OPEB obligation, or other obligations relating to service prior to the time Customer exercised the Right of Access.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, under no circumstances will Customer be responsible for reimbursing Supplier for costs and expenses relating to Supplier’s employment of the Employees to the extent the Employees are performing services unrelated to the production of the Component Parts;
 
(ii)  
Supplier will not increase compensation or benefits of the Employees without the consent of Customer, except as may be required by applicable law or pre-existing contract;
 
(iii)  
Supplier and its subsidiaries and affiliates will continue, as requested by Customer or its Designee, to provide any and all services provided by Supplier and its subsidiaries and affiliates to the Access Facilities subject to the Right of Access prior to the exercise of such Right of Access to the extent necessary to allow for production of the Component Parts for Customer or its Designee at the applicable Access Facilities to continue without interruption.  The above obligation is independent of, and not conditioned upon, a written agreement being in force between Supplier and any of its affiliates or subsidiaries.  Customer or its Designee will reimburse Supplier and its subsidiaries or affiliates as applicable, on “net 10 days” payment terms for such services for a price equivalent to Supplier’s its subsidiary’s or affiliate’s, as applicable, cost in providing such services (i.e., all direct and indirect costs, including SG&A, engineering, and other overhead charges).  In addition, during the Access Period, Supplier and its subsidiaries and affiliates will continue to supply component parts or assemblies used in manufacturing or assembling the Component Parts, as reasonably requested by GM or its Designee and to the extent necessary to allow for production of the Component Parts for GM or its Designee at the applicable Access Facilities to continue without interruption.  To the extent that Supplier is a party to a contract with an affiliate or subsidiary for the supply of component parts or assemblies used in manufacturing or assembling the Component Parts, at the request of GM or its Designee, Supplier will use its best efforts to provide GM or its Designee with the benefit of such contracts during the Access Period.  Customer or its Designee will reimburse Supplier or its subsidiaries or affiliates, as applicable, on “net 10 days” payment terms for such supply at piece prices equivalent to Supplier’s or its subsidiary’s or affiliate’s, as applicable, actual cost (i.e., all direct and indirect costs, including SG&A, engineering, interest expense, and other overhead charges) plus 10%.  Supplier or its affiliate or subsidiary, as applicable, will provide Customer or its Designee with appropriate financial data and backup information to determine the validity of any such piece price proposed by Supplier.  In the event of any dispute over the cost of the services or the piece prices to be paid for such component parts during the Access Period, the parties will submit such dispute to expedited binding arbitration.  In any case, Supplier and its subsidiaries and affiliates will provide such services and supply such component parts without interruption and GM will pay the undisputed cost and piece prices to Supplier or its subsidiaries or affiliates, as applicable, during the pendency of any such arbitration proceedings, with the differential being placed in escrow subject to the decision of the arbitrator.
 
(iv)  
Supplier will indemnify, defend and hold Customer, its Designee and its employees and agents harmless of, from and against any and all costs, expenses (including all court costs and reasonable, documented attorneys’ fees), losses, damages, liabilities or injury arising from claims or liabilities arising or accruing as a result of Supplier’s activities and operations prior to the date of Customer’s exercise of the Right of Access, regardless of when such claims are asserted.  Supplier’s indemnity obligations under this Section 3(c)(iv) will survive the expiration or any earlier termination of this Agreement; and
 
(v)  
Supplier agrees that Customer and its Designee and representatives will have reasonable access to Supplier’s books and records for the sole purposes of confirming and calculating the amounts due, if any, from Customer under this Agreement.
 
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(d)   Right to Terminate .  Customer will have the right to terminate the Right of Access as to any facility upon ten (10) business days’ written notice to Supplier and Agent.  Upon expiration of such notice period, the Access Period will terminate as to such facility and, except for Customer’s obligation under Section 3(b)(i) and to pay amounts payable under this Agreement not paid as of the termination of the Access Period to satisfy its then-existing obligations under this Agreement, Customer will have no further obligations or liabilities (other than its indemnification obligations) to Supplier on account of the Right of Access as to such facility.
 
(e)   Indemnification .  To the extent a party (“ Indemnitee ”) makes a claim against the other party (“ Indemnifying Party ”) for indemnification in accordance with this Agreement, Indemnitee agrees the following will apply:
 
(i)  
The Indemnifying Party’s indemnity obligations will be secondary to any applicable insurance coverage or indemnities from third parties.  In addition, the Indemnifying Party’s indemnity does not include any losses, liabilities, claims or damages or expenses to the extent the same are determined in a final, non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction to have arisen from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Indemnitee.
 
(ii)  
If Indemnitee becomes aware of any claims, demands, actions or proceedings for which it will be seeking indemnification, it must use its reasonable best efforts in good faith to promptly notify the Indemnifying Party in writing of same; failure to provide such notice will only affect the Indemnifying Party’s liability to the extent that the Indemnifying Party suffers damage or injury as a result of the failure to give such prompt notice.  The Indemnifying Party will have the right, at its expense, to assume the defense thereof (retaining counsel of its choosing).  The Indemnifying Party will not agree to any settlement of, or the entry of any judgment arising from, any third-party action without the prior written consent of the applicable Indemnitee, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed; provided, however, that if such settlement (1) includes a written, unconditional release of such Indemnitee from any and all liability relating to or arising out of such third-party action, (2) relates solely to monetary damages for which Indemnifying Party has agreed in writing to indemnify in its entirety, and (3) does not involve any finding or admission of any violation of legal requirements, then no such consent shall be required.  Indemnitee may, but is not required to engage a single firm of separate counsel of its choice in connection with any matters to which the Indemnifying Party’s indemnification relates, provided that Indemnifying Party will at no time be obligated to pay for more than one firm on behalf of Indemnitee.
 
(iii)  
Indemnitee agrees that it must: (1) refrain from taking action that has a material adverse impact on the defense of such claim; (2) cooperate fully with the defense of any claims made hereunder at the Indemnifying Party’s cost and expense; and (3) upon the Indemnifying Party’s request, provide reasonable assistance to the Indemnifying Party (at the Indemnifying Party’s cost and expense) in the defense of such claim.
 
(f)   Specific Performance .  IN CONNECTION WITH ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING TO ENFORCE THE RIGHT OF ACCESS, SUPPLIER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT CUSTOMER WILL NOT HAVE AN ADEQUATE REMEDY AT LAW, THAT THE OPERATING ASSETS AND REAL ESTATE ARE UNIQUE AND THAT CUSTOMER WILL BE ENTITLED TO SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE OF SUPPLIER’S OBLIGATIONS TO AFFORD CUSTOMER ITS RIGHT OF ACCESS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT.
 
(g)   Irreparable Harm; Limitation of Notice .  SUPPLIER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT CUSTOMER WILL SUFFER IRREPARABLE HARM IF CUSTOMER INVOKES THE RIGHT OF ACCESS AND SUPPLIER FAILS TO COOPERATE WITH CUSTOMER IN ALLOWING CUSTOMER TO EXERCISE THE RIGHT OF ACCESS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT.  ACCORDINGLY, PROVIDED THAT SUPPLIER RECEIVES TWENTY-FOUR (24) HOURS’ ACTUAL NOTICE OF ANY REQUEST FOR HEARINGS IN CONNECTION WITH PROCEEDINGS INSTITUTED BY CUSTOMER, SUPPLIER WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT POSSIBLE UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, THE RIGHT TO NOTICE IN EXCESS OF TWENTY-FOUR (24) HOURS IN CONNECTION WITH ANY JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS INSTITUTED BY CUSTOMER TO ENFORCE THE RIGHT OF ACCESS.
 
4.   Cooperation in Resourcing .  Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default and GM’s exercise of its Right of Access, GM will have the right to resource any or all Component Part production that is the subject of the Event of Default to alternative suppliers (the “ Resourcing ”).  Supplier will fully cooperate with GM in connection with such Resourcing including, without limitation, by providing Customer copies of tool line-ups, tool processing sheets, repair logs, bill of materials, PPAP packages, tool drawings, names and locations of vendors and sub-suppliers of tooling, raw materials, components, and outside processing, and by providing Customer and its agents, representatives, Designees, consultants, officers, employees, and potential successor suppliers immediate access to the Access Facilities for the purpose of inspecting and removing Tooling, viewing current production processes and taking any other reasonable actions in connection with Resourcing.
 
5.   Obligation to Purchase Inventory .  If Customer elects to exercise the Right of Access, Customer must purchase all Inventory, including raw materials, work in process, and finished goods inventory, in each case, that specifically relates to the Component Parts manufactured at the Access Facility(ies) at which Customer exercised the Right of Access and which inventory is both “ usable ” by Customer and in a “ merchantable ” condition (collectively, the “ Purchased Inventory ”).  For purposes of this Agreement, (a) the term “usable” means not obsolete as determined in accordance with applicable industry standards for the Purchased Inventory and reasonably usable in the production of Component Parts in the quantities called for by Customer’s fabrication authorizations and production releases, including material ordered on account of lead times as actually required to satisfy outstanding releases and other binding commitments issued against current Access Facilities Supply Contracts in effect as of the date Customer exercises the Right of Access, and (b) the term “ merchantable ” means merchantable as defined in the Code and in conformance with all specifications contained in the applicable Access Facilities Supply Contract.  All Purchased Inventory must be transferred to GM free and clear of all liens, claims, encumbrances, and security interests within 14 days after the date GM invokes the Right of Access.
 
The Purchased Inventory must be sold free and clear of any and all liens, claims, encumbrances, and security interests other than the lien granted pursuant to the Second Lien Loan Agreement.  Customer will only be obligated to purchase the Inventory under this Agreement if all requirements of this Section 5 are satisfied and Customer is allowed to take possession of or use the Inventory no later than ten (10) days after Customer’s exercise of the Right of Access. Customer must purchase the Purchased Inventory for the following amounts:
 
(a)   for raw materials, 100% of Supplier’s actual invoice cost;
 
(b)   for work in process, 100% of pro-rated current purchase order price for the Component Parts in question based on percentage of completion; and
 
(c)   for finished goods, 100% of purchase price called for by the underlying Access Facilities Supply Contract.
 
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Within five (5) business days of invoking the Right of Access at an Access Facility, Customer will be required to deposit into escrow with [Escrow Agent] an amount equal to 50% of Supplier’s then current book value of inventory (on a FIFO basis, without reserve) in respect of Component Parts produced at the Access Facility(ies).  Within seven (7) days after commencement of the Access Period,  Customer and Supplier will commence a physical inventory of all inventory in respect of Component Parts manufactured at an Access Facility(ies), which physical inventory will be completed no later than ten (10) days after commencement of the physical inventory.  Upon completion of the physical inventory and Supplier’s satisfaction of its obligations under this Section 5 , the funds in the escrow will be released to Agent for Supplier’s account (or returned to Customer to the extent the value of the Purchased Inventory is less than the amount escrowed by Customer) and Customer will pay the balance of the purchase price of the Purchased Inventory (if any) to Agent within ten (10) business days after the release of the amount escrowed hereunder.  If there are any disputes regarding whether Inventory is usable and merchantable,  (1) the undisputed amount due from the escrow account will be released immediately to the Agent; (2) Customer and Supplier will each select an independent accountant with experience in automotive-related inventory valuation (whose fees and costs shall be paid by the party who retained such accountant) and the two accountants will jointly determine whether any Inventory for which Customer has not paid is useable and merchantable; and (3) if the two independent accountants cannot agree, the dispute will be referred to binding arbitration with all costs and expenses shared equally.
 
Supplier acknowledges that the foregoing prices to be paid for the Purchased Inventory constitute commercially reasonable prices, and that any sale pursuant to the foregoing will be deemed to be commercially reasonable in all respects, including method, time, place, and terms.
 
6.   License .  Subject to subsection (a) , below, Supplier hereby grants to Customer, a perpetual, fully paid up, worldwide, non-exclusive, irrevocable right and license to use any of its Intellectual Property that is necessary to develop, manufacture, assemble, and/or sell the Component Parts to make, have made, use, have used, sell, offer to sell, import, export, reproduce, copy, prepare derivative works, and distribute all Component Parts (the “ License ”).  Customer’s right to use the License will include the right to grant one or more third parties sublicenses for the manufacture or sub-assembly of the applicable Component Parts, provided , however , that any sublicensee must satisfy the terms of this Agreement and any such sublicensing will neither limit, discharge, or modify nor have  any other effect on Customer’s obligations under this Agreement.
 
(a)   Right to Use License .  Although the License is being granted to Customer as of the date set forth above, Customer agrees that neither it nor its sublicensees will utilize the License with respect to Intellectual Property utilized at a given Access Facility, unless and until Customer exercises the Right of Access.
 
(b)   No Royalty .  For all purposes, subject to payments required under third party licenses (provided that such third parties are not Supplier’s subsidiaries or affiliates and provided that such third party license payments do not spring into effect upon GM’s exercise of the Right of Access), Supplier has been fully paid for the License and other rights granted to Customer under this Agreement (except as otherwise provided in this Agreement) and no royalties, fees, payments, charges or other consideration will be due from Customer on account of the License or this Agreement or Customer’s (or sublicensee’s) use of the License or other rights granted pursuant to this Agreement (except as otherwise provided in this Agreement).
 
(c)   Protection of Ownership .  Customer will treat and preserve the Intellectual Property in accordance with practices no less protective than Supplier’s (or Customer’s, to the extent Customer’s practices are more protective of Intellectual Property) against unauthorized use and disclosure and will only use such information, data, and trade secrets in connection with the License.  The foregoing obligations of Customer will not be applicable to information which is now or becomes hereafter available to the public through no action, conduct, admission, or fault of Customer.
 
(d)   The provisions of this Section 6 will survive the expiration or any earlier termination of this Agreement.
 
7.   Rights of Customer; Limitations on Customer’s Obligations .  Unless Customer exercises the Right of Access, in which case Customer will have the obligations as are expressly provided in this Agreement, except as provided by applicable law, Customer will not have any obligation or liability by reason of or arising out of this Agreement nor will Customer be required or obligated in any manner to perform or fulfill any of the obligations of Supplier under this Agreement.
 
8.   Remedies .  Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, Customer will have all rights and remedies provided in this Agreement, in any other agreements with Supplier, and all rights and remedies available under applicable law.  Supplier waives any right it may have to require Customer to foreclose its security interest and/or reduce the Obligations to a monetary sum.  Customer shall have no right under this Agreement to attach, foreclose, sell, or otherwise dispose of all or any portion of the Collateral; provided , however , that the preceding sentence shall not have any effect on any rights Customer may have arising under the Second Lien Loan Agreement, which rights are expressly reserved.  If Customer exercises the Right of Access, Customer will be treated as a secured party in possession and Customer’s use and occupancy of the Operating Assets will not be deemed to be acceptance of such assets in satisfaction of the Obligations.  Further, all of Customer’s rights and remedies under this Agreement are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights and remedies under any other agreement or under applicable law or at equity.
 
9.   Injunctive Relief .  Given the possibility that Customer will incur significant damages if Supplier fails to timely satisfy its obligations to Customer and Customer’s assembly plant operations will be negatively impacted, and because Customer does not have adequate remedy at law and could be irreparably harmed by such events, Supplier agrees that Customer will be entitled to injunctive relief (both prohibitive and mandatory) to enforce the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
 
10.   Representations and Warranties
 
(a)   Title; No Other Security Interests .  Except for the liens, security interests or claims of others identified on Schedule 10(a) , including any successor liens or security interests thereto, Supplier owns the Operating Assets and Owned Real Estate free and clear of any and all liens, security interests, or claims of others, which are reasonably likely to interfere with GM’s Right of Access.
 
(b)   Accuracy of Information .  All information, certificates, or statements given to Customer under this Agreement must be true and complete in all material respects, when given.
 
(c)   Authority .  The parties to this Agreement have the necessary authority and control to satisfy their respective obligations under this Agreement.
 
11.   Covenants .  Supplier covenants and agrees with Customer that from and after the date of this Agreement until the Obligations are fully performed:
 
(a)   Further Documentation .  At any time and from time to time, upon the prior written request of Customer, Supplier will promptly and duly execute and deliver any and all such further instruments and documents and take such further action as Customer may reasonably request for the purpose of obtaining the full benefits of this Agreement and of the rights and powers herein granted.
 
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(b)   Payment of Obligations .  Prior to an exercise of the Right of Access by Customer, if any, Supplier will pay promptly when due, all rent payments, taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies imposed upon or relating to the Operating Assets and the Real Estate or in respect of Supplier’s income or profits, as well as all claims of any kind (including, without limitation, claims for labor, materials, or supplies) against or with respect to the Operating Assets and the Real Estate.  GM shall not make any payment of the foregoing obligations on Supplier’s behalf without Supplier’s consent, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld.
 
(c)   Sales or Dispositions of Assets; Certain Uses Prohibited .  Supplier will not sell or otherwise dispose of the Operating Assets or the Real Estate without the written consent of Customer, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, except for (i) inventory in the ordinary course of business; (ii) surplus or obsolete assets or assets which are no longer used in or necessary for the production or assembly of Component Parts; or (iii) sales that are part of Supplier’s sale of an entire product line, business unit, or division, provided that the purchaser, in connection with such sale, assumes and takes an assignment of this Agreement and the post-closing obligations of Supplier under this Agreement without modification as to the Access Facilities it acquires.  Further, Supplier will not use any of the Operating Assets or the Real Estate in any way which would materially adversely affect Customer’s Right of Access or Customer’s other rights and remedies under this Agreement.  Supplier acknowledges and agrees that it will be reasonable for Customer to withhold consent if the proposed sale or encumbrance materially impairs, or is reasonably likely to materially impair, Customer’s rights under this Agreement.
 
(d)   Limitations on Modifications of Agreements, etc .  Supplier will not: (i) amend, modify, terminate, or waive any provision of any Contract, or enter into any Contract, which might materially adversely affect Customer’s Right of Access; or (ii) fail to exercise promptly and diligently each and every right which it may have under each Contract in any manner that could materially adversely affect Customer’s Right of Access or Customer’s other rights or remedies under this Agreement.
 
(e)   Maintenance of Insurance .  Supplier will, at its expense, keep and maintain the Operating Assets and the Real Estate insured against all risk of loss or damage from fire, theft, malicious mischief, explosion, sprinklers, and all other hazards or risks of physical damage included within the meaning of the term “extended coverage”, all of the foregoing in amounts and on terms consistent with Supplier’s past practices.  Supplier will furnish Customer evidence of said insurance upon Customer’s reasonable prior written request, but Customer will not be named as an additional insured or loss payee.
 
(f)   Right of Inspection; Cooperation .  In addition to any rights Customer may have under the Access Facilities Supply Contracts or any other agreements with Supplier, Customer and its representatives will, at Customer’s expense, upon reasonable prior request and at reasonable times, have the right to enter into and upon any premises where any of the Operating Assets and the Real Estate are located for the purpose of inspecting the same, observing their use or monitoring Supplier’s compliance with the terms of this Agreement, or otherwise protecting Customer’s interests therein, provided that Customer will not be permitted to have access to Operating Assets or portions of the Real Estate or observe production (i) dedicated to Supplier’s other customers, or (ii) that would disclose confidential, proprietary, or sensitive information related to Supplier’s other customers or the component parts manufactured by Supplier for such other customers, provided, however, Supplier will take reasonable steps to accommodate Customer’s rights of inspection and observation hereunder when in potential conflict with the need to maintain confidentiality as referenced above.  For clarity, Supplier shall not be required to disclose any information regarding any of Customer’s competitors.  Except (i) to the extent necessary or helpful for Customer to effect a Resourcing, and (ii) to the extent that Customer is advised by counsel that it is required under applicable legal, governmental, regulatory, or administrative process or proceeding to disclose confidential information concerning Supplier, Customer shall keep all information confidential and shall not use or disclose such information to any third party outside of Customer without the prior written consent of Supplier.  If, in accordance with the preceding sentence, Customer is required to disclose information concerning Supplier, Customer and Supplier will reasonably cooperate with each other in obtaining a mutually agreed protective order or other arrangement pursuant to which confidential treatment will be afforded to that confidential information that Customer is required to disclose.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall Customer’s access under this Section 11(f) materially interfere with Supplier’s operations.
 
(g)   Notice of Default .  Supplier will provide notice to Customer, by way of facsimile transmission and overnight express mail service, of its or its attorneys’ or agents’ receipt of any notice of default received from a creditor that holds an interest in the Operating Assets or from any lessor of any Operating Assets or the Real Estate, including but not limited to taxing authorities and the landlord to the Facilities.  Supplier hereby grants to Customer the option, but not the obligation, to exercise whatever rights to cure defaults that Supplier has under such agreements or by law.
 
12.   Secured Party and Lessor Acknowledgments
 
(a)   Except with respect to purchase money security interests, Supplier will not enter into any proposed security agreement or lending commitment in which a security interest is granted with respect to any portion of the Operating Assets or Real Estate and for which the proposed lender or secured party does not expressly agree to the acknowledgement and consent referenced below.  Concurrently with execution of this Agreement, Supplier will   provide to Customer (a) the Lenders’ acknowledgment of and consent to the rights granted to Customer under this Agreement by providing to Customer a form substantially similar to Schedule 12(a) executed by duly authorized representatives of the Lenders, and (b) the acknowledgment and consent of any secured party other than the Lenders holding a security interest in any of the Operating Assets or Real Estate to the rights granted to Customer under this Agreement in a form substantially similar to Schedule 12(a) .
 
(b)   Concurrently with execution of this Agreement, Supplier will use commercially reasonable efforts to provide to Customer the acknowledgement and consent of any personal property lessors of material Operating Assets to the rights granted to Customer under this Agreement by providing a copy to Customer of a form executed by such party substantially similar to Schedule 12(b) .
 
(c)   If subsequent to execution of this Agreement Supplier intends to grant additional or further security interests, liens or mortgages in a material portion of Operating Assets or the Real Estate to any additional parties, five (5) business days prior to granting such liens, security interests, mortgages, or leaseholds, Supplier must deliver to Customer an acknowledgment from such secured creditors, mortgagees, and/or lessees in a form substantially similar to Schedule  12(a) or 12(b) , as appropriate, provided Customer executes a subordination agreement as contemplated under Section 2 of this Agreement.
 
13.   Term .  The rights granted to Customer under this Agreement will continue for the period beginning on the Effective Date and ending ninety (90) days after the later to occur of: (a) termination and repayment of the Second Lien Loan Agreement, and (b) the day Supplier elects to terminate the Expedited Payment Terms (the “ Term ”).  If Customer has invoked the Right of Access before the expiration of the Term of this Agreement, the Term will expire upon the earlier of the expiration of the Access Period or Customer’s termination of the Access Period.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Right of Access shall terminate and be of no further force and effect ten (10) days after (x) Agent gives written notice, in accordance with this Agreement, and referencing this Agreement, that Agent or Senior Lenders intend to exercise their rights with respect to the Operating Assets and/or Real Estate, (y) Agent or Senior Lenders cease lending under the Loan Agreements, and (z) Agent or Senior Lenders commence proceedings to foreclose on the Operating Assets or Real Estate, unless Customer exercises the Right of Access during such ten-day period.  Agent and Senior Lenders agree to forbear from exercising their rights in a manner that would impair the Right of Access against the Operating Assets or Real Estate during such ten-day period.
 
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14.   Confidential Information and Data .  Without limiting Customer’s rights under this Agreement, to the extent the Operating Assets include or Customer or its Designee otherwise comes into possession of or becomes aware of, Supplier’s trade secrets or proprietary information during Customer’s exercise of the Right of Access, Customer and its Designee must, except as required by applicable law or helpful to effect a Resourcing, (a) keep the information, data, and trade secrets confidential; and (b) only use the information, data, and trade secrets during the Access Period in connection with producing the Component Parts.  The provisions of this paragraph will survive termination of this Agreement.  Customer and Supplier each agree to keep all terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement confidential from any third party, provided, however, that the terms of this Agreement may be disclosed by Customer or Supplier to their respective directors, officers, employees, legal and financial advisors, and to other individuals acting on behalf of Customer or Supplier, who need to know such information, provided, further, that Customer and Supplier will advise such respective directors, officers, employees, legal and financial advisors, or other individuals of the confidential nature of this Agreement and the requirement for confidentiality as to this Agreement’s terms and conditions.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, Customer and Supplier, as the case may be, may disclose the terms of the Agreement without liability hereunder to the extent  either of them is required to do so in connection with any applicable legal, regulatory, governmental, or administrative process or proceeding.
 
15.   Severability .  Should any provision of this Agreement be held invalid, prohibited or unenforceable in any one jurisdiction it will, as to that jurisdiction only, be ineffective to the extent of such holding without invalidating the remaining provisions of this Agreement, and any such holding does not invalidate or render unenforceable that provision in any other jurisdiction wherein it would be valid and enforceable.
 
16.   Authorization .  The parties executing this Agreement as representatives warrant that they have the power and authority to execute this Agreement on behalf of the corporation that they represent and that their signatures bind said corporations to the terms of this Agreement.
 
17.   Section Headings .  The Section headings used in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and are not to affect the construction hereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation of this Agreement.  All references to Sections, Schedules, and Exhibits are to Sections, Schedules, and Exhibits in or to this Agreement unless otherwise specified.
 
18.   No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies .  No party will by any act, delay, indulgence, omission, or otherwise be deemed to have waived any right or remedy under this Agreement or of any breach of the terms and conditions of this Agreement.  A waiver by a party of any right or remedy under this Agreement on any one occasion will not be construed as a bar to any right or remedy which that party would otherwise have had on a subsequent occasion.  No failure to exercise nor any delay in exercising on the part of a party any right, power, or privilege under this Agreement, will operate as a waiver, nor will any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege under this Agreement preclude any other or future exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.  The rights and remedies under this Agreement are cumulative, may be exercised singly or concurrently, and are not exclusive of any rights and remedies provided by any other agreements or applicable law.
 
19.   Waivers and Amendments; Successors and Assigns .  No term or provision of this Agreement may be waived, altered, modified, or amended except by a written instrument, duly executed by Supplier (with the written consent of Agent, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld) and Customer.  This Agreement and all of Supplier’s obligations are binding upon the successors and assigns of Supplier, and together with the rights and remedies of Customer under this Agreement, inure to the benefit of Customer, and its successors and assigns; provided, however, that Supplier may not assign or transfer any right or obligation under this Agreement without the prior written consent of Customer.
 
20.   Governing Law and Forum .  This Agreement is made in the State of Michigan and will be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Michigan, without regard to principles of conflicts of laws.  The parties agree that the federal and state courts sitting in Wayne County, Michigan, have personal jurisdiction over the parties and that proper jurisdiction and venue for any dispute arising from or under this Agreement will be in the federal or state courts sitting in Wayne County, Michigan.
 
21.   Notices .  All notices, requests, and other communications that are required or may be given under this Agreement must be in writing, and will be deemed to have been given on the date of delivery, if delivered by hand, facsimile or courier, or three (3) days after mailing, if mailed by certified or registered mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, addressed as set forth below (which addresses may be changed, from time to time, by notice given in the manner provided in this Section 21 , unless otherwise set forth in this Agreement):
 
If given to Supplier:                                           American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc.
One Dauch Drive
Detroit, Michigan 48211
Facsimile:  (313) 758-4262
Attn:  Patrick S. Lancaster

and to:                                                    General Counsel
American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc.
One Dauch Drive
Detroit, Michigan 48211
Facsimile:  (313) 758-3897
Attn:  Richard Raymond

with a copy to:                                      Shearman & Sterling LLP
599 Lexington Avenue
New York, NY 10022
Facsimile: (646) 848-7666
Attn:  Peter D. Lyons

If given to GM:                                     General Motors Company
30009 Van Dyke Road
Mail Code 480-206-116
Warren, Michigan 48090
Facsimile:  (586) 575-3404
Attn:  Mark W. Fischer

with a copy to:                                      Honigman Miller Schwartz and Cohn LLP
 
2290 First National Building
 
660 Woodward Avenue
 
Detroit, Michigan  48226
 
Facsimile:  (313) 465-7597
 
Attn:  Robert B. Weiss

 
If given to Agent:
JPMorgan Chase Bank
 
Loan and Agency Services Group
 
111 Fannin-10th Floor
 
Houston, TX 77002
 
Facsimile: (713) 750-2938
 
Attn: Clifford Trappani

 
with a copy to:
Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP
 
Worldwide Plaza
 
825 Eighth Avenue
 
New York, NY 10019
 
Facsimile: (212) 474-3700
 
Attn: James C. Vardell  III

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22.   Third Party Beneficiary .  The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that, other than with respect to the Lenders, the rights and interests of the parties under this Agreement are intended to benefit solely the parties to this Agreement.  The Lenders are intended third-party beneficiaries of this Agreement and they may enforce the terms of this Agreement against the parties hereto.
 
23.   Counterparts .  This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by each party hereto on separate counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered will be an original, but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument, and it will not be necessary in making proof of this Agreement to produce or account for more than one such counterpart.  For purposes of this Agreement, signatures obtained by facsimile will constitute original signatures.
 
24.   Entire Agreement; Conflicts .  This Agreement together with any other agreements and schedules executed in connection with this Agreement constitutes the entire understanding of the parties in connection with the subject matter hereof.  This Agreement may not be modified, altered, or amended except by an agreement in writing signed by Customer and Supplier.  The terms and conditions of the Access Facilities Supply Contracts will be unaffected by this Agreement except to the extent that an inconsistency or conflict exists between the express terms of the Access Facilities Supply Contracts and this Agreement in which event the terms of this Agreement will govern and control.  To the extent any term or condition of this Agreement is inconsistent or in conflict with the terms of any other agreements between the parties, the terms of this Agreement will govern and control.
 
25.   Setoff Limitation .   If GM invokes the Right of Access, then as to all accounts payable owing by GM to Supplier as of the date GM exercises the Right of Access, GM will not exercise its rights of setoff and/or recoupment, including without limitation in connection with any Access Facilities Supply Contract, or any defenses, rights and claims (including without limitation claims for any incidental, special, or consequential damages), other than to the extent of the Allowed Setoffs (defined below); provided , however , (i) under no circumstances may Allowed Setoffs exceed 7% (“ Cap ”) of the face amount of any invoices or accounts payable; (ii) once an Allowed Setoff is deducted from a particular invoice or account payable, no further Allowed Setoffs may be taken against that invoice or account payable, and (iii) if an invoice or account payable is paid, GM will have no right after that payment to assert an Allowed Setoff in respect of the invoice or accounts payable paid.  GM will provide Supplier and Lenders with notice of any Allowed Setoff being asserted one (1) business day before it is asserted.
 
(a)   Allowed Setoffs ” means any setoff, recoupment, or deduction, whether for defective or nonconforming products, quality problems, unordered or unreleased parts returned to Supplier, short shipments, misshipments, premium freight charges (not caused by GM), improper invoices, mispricing, duplicate payments and/or billing errors, payments to tooling vendors and/or a third party for the purchase price of or costs to modify or repair tooling or any portion thereof, direct payments to vendors by GM or payments on Supplier’s behalf for the purchase of materials, services, or components used by Supplier in connection with the production of Component Parts, and professional fees and costs incurred in connection with Supplier, but excluding any incidental, special, or consequential damages arising from or relating to such items.  For clarification, setoffs for amounts owing by Supplier to GM pursuant to the Second Lien Loan Agreement shall not be “Allowed Setoffs”.
 
(b)   GM reserves and does not waive any rights and interests it may have or would have but for this Section 25 , including the right to assert affirmative claims against Supplier and setoffs asserted for defense purposes.
 
26.   CONSULTATION WITH COUNSEL .  THE PARTIES HERETO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THEY HAVE BEEN GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO CONSULT WITH COUNSEL BEFORE EXECUTING THIS AGREEMENT AND ARE EXECUTING SUCH AGREEMENT WITHOUT DURESS OR COERCION AND WITHOUT RELIANCE ON ANY REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES OR COMMITMENTS OTHER THAN THOSE REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND COMMITMENTS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT.
 
27.   WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL .  THE PARTIES HERETO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IS A CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT, BUT THAT THIS RIGHT MAY BE WAIVED.  THE PARTIES EACH HEREBY KNOWINGLY, VOLUNTARILY AND WITHOUT COERCION, WAIVE ALL RIGHTS TO A TRIAL BY JURY OF ALL DISPUTES ARISING OUT OF OR IN RELATION TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER AGREEMENTS BETWEEN THE PARTIES.  NO PARTY WILL BE DEEMED TO HAVE RELINQUISHED THE BENEFIT OF THIS WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL UNLESS SUCH RELINQUISHMENT IS IN A WRITTEN INSTRUMENT SIGNED BY THE PARTY TO WHICH SUCH RELINQUISHMENT WILL BE CHARGED.
 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have each caused this Access Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by their respective, duly authorized officers as of the date first written above.
 
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY



By: _/s/ __________________________________
Name: _Authorized Signatory_______ ___
Title: _____________________________


AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING, INC. ,
on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries and affiliates




By: _/s/ __________________________________
Name: _Authorized Signatory __________
Title: _____________________________



Schedules:

Schedule 1                                 --           Access Facilities
Schedule 3(b)(vii)                                 --           Access Fees
Schedule 12(a)                                 --           Lender’s Acknowledgment and Consent
Schedule 12(b)                                 --           Lessor’s Acknowledgment and Consent


 
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SCHEDULE 1
 
 
ACCESS FACILITIES
 

 
1.  
Cheektowaga Manufacturing Facility (Buffalo, New York)
2.  
Detroit Manufacturing Facility (Detroit, Michigan)
3.  
Three Rivers Manufacturing Facility (Three Rivers, Michigan)
4.  
MSP Industries (Oxford, Michigan)
5.  
Colfor Manufacturing (Malvern, Ohio)
6.  
Colfor Manufacturing (Minerva, Ohio)
7.  
Colfor Manufacturing (Salem, Ohio)
8.  
Guanajuato, Mexico Manufacturing Complex
9.  
Araucaria, Brazil Manufacturing Facility
10.  
Rayong, Thailand Manufacturing Facility
11.  
Any other AAM facility that manufactures Component Parts for GM in the future, as and when such facility begins manufacturing Component Parts for GM

 
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SCHEDULE 3(b)(vii)
 
ACCESS FEES
 

Cheektowaga Manufacturing Facility (Buffalo, New York)
$    45,000
Detroit Manufacturing Facility (Detroit, Michigan)
32,000
Three Rivers Manufacturing Facility (Three Rivers, Michigan)
357,000
MSP Industries (Oxford, Michigan)
77,000
Colfor Manufacturing (Malvern, Ohio)
32,000
Colfor Manufacturing (Minerva, Ohio)
13,000
Colfor Manufacturing (Salem, Ohio)
37,000
Guanajuato, Mexico Manufacturing Complex
1,258,000
Araucaria, Brazil Manufacturing Facility
264,000
Rayong, Thailand Manufacturing Facility
20,000
Any other AAM facility that manufactures Component Parts for GM in the future, as and when such facility begins manufacturing Component Parts for GM
 
To be mutually agreed upon


 
 

 
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SCHEDULE 12(a)
 
 
LENDER’S ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND CONSENT
 
While not a party to the Access and Security Agreement (“ Access Agreement ”) between General Motors Company (“ Customer ”) and American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. (“ Supplier ”) dated _____________, 2009, ________________________ (“ Bank ”) is a party to various loan and/or security agreements with Supplier under which Bank has liens and security interests in Supplier’s assets.  In such capacity, the Bank acknowledges, consents to and agrees that its liens and security interests in the Operating Assets and Real Estate (each as defined in the Access Agreement) will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Agreement, and such acknowledgement and consent will continue subject to GM’s payment of the Access Fee to the Bank as provided under the Access Agreement.  By execution of the Access Agreement, Customer acknowledges (a) that Bank’s execution of this Acknowledgment and Consent will not in any way make it a guarantor or surety for Supplier’s performance under the Access Agreement, and (b) except as provided in the Access Agreement, Bank reserves all of its rights against Supplier under its agreements with Supplier or applicable law.
 


By:                                                                

Name:                                                                

Title:                                                                

Date:                                                                


 
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SCHEDULE 12(b)
 
 
LESSOR’S ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND CONSENT
 
 
While not a party to the Access Agreement (“ Access Agreement ”) between General Motors Company (“ Customer ”) and American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. (“ Supplier ”) dated _________, 2009, the undersigned leases certain real estate or personal property to Supplier and, in such capacity, the undersigned, subject to GM’s payment of all lease or rental payments due to the undersigned with respect to such real estate or personal property and GM’s compliance with the terms of the underlying lease or rental agreement, acknowledges, consents to, and agrees with, and agrees to be bound by, the terms and conditions of the Access Agreement, including Customer’s right to use the Operating Assets and the Real Estate during any Access Period.
 



By:                                                                

Name:                                                                

Title:                                                                

Date:                                                                



DETROIT.3767740.17


 
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