STERLING BANCORP (Form: 10-Q, Received: 07/30/2021 16:13:46)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

______________________________

FORM 10-Q

______________________________


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 001-35385

______________________________

STERLING BANCORP

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

_______________________________


Delaware		80-0091851
(State or Other Jurisdiction of		(IRS Employer ID No.)
Incorporation or Organization)
Two Blue Hill Plaza, 2nd Floor
Pearl River,	New York	10965
(Address of Principal Executive Office)		(Zip Code)

(845) 369-8040

(Registrant’s Telephone Number including area code)

______________________________

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

STL

New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares, each representing 1/40 interest in a share of 6.50% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A

STLPRA

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.


Classes of Common Stock						Shares outstanding as of July 28, 2021
$0.01 per share						192,694,991

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q TABLE OF CONTENTS

QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2021


	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION - UNAUDITED
Item 1.	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020	3
	Consolidated Income Statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020	5
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020	8
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	10

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	39

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	66

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	67

	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	68

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	68

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	70

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	70

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	70

Item 5.	Other Information	70

Item 6.	Exhibits	71

	Signatures	72

Table of Contents

Part I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


	June 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
ASSETS:
Cash and due from banks	$	487,409	$	305,002


Securities available for sale, at estimated fair value	2,671,000		2,298,618
Securities held to maturity (“HTM”), net of allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) of $749 at June 30, 2021 and $1,499 at December 31, 2020	1,695,470		1,740,838
Loans held for sale	19,088		11,749
Portfolio loans	20,724,097		21,848,409
ACL - loans	(314,873)		(326,100)
Portfolio loans, net	20,409,224		21,522,309
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) and Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) stock, at cost	151,443		166,190
Accrued interest receivable	96,728		97,505
Premises and equipment, net	204,632		202,555
Goodwill	1,683,482		1,683,482
Other intangible assets, net	86,012		93,564
Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”)	635,411		629,576
Other real estate owned	816		5,347
Other assets	1,003,203		1,063,403
Total assets	$	29,143,918	$	29,820,138
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
LIABILITIES:
Deposits	$	23,146,711	$	23,119,522
FHLB and other borrowings	—		382,000
Federal funds purchased	—		277,000

Repurchase agreements	25,802		27,101

Subordinated Notes - Bank	—		143,703
Subordinated Notes - Company	492,219		491,910
Mortgage escrow funds	66,521		59,686
Other liabilities	689,809		728,702
Total liabilities	24,421,062		25,229,624
Commitments and Contingent liabilities (See Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies”)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock (par value $0.01 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 135,000 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020)	136,224		136,689
Common stock (par value $0.01 per share; 310,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020; 229,872,925 shares issued at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020; 192,715,433 and 192,923,371 shares outstanding at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)	2,299		2,299
Additional paid-in capital	3,753,068		3,761,993
Treasury stock, at cost (37,157,492 shares at June 30, 2021 and 36,949,554 shares at December 31, 2020)	(696,711)		(686,911)
Retained earnings	1,459,077		1,291,628
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax expense of $26,317 at June 30, 2021 and $32,399 at December 31, 2020	68,899		84,816
Total stockholders’ equity	4,722,856		4,590,514
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	29,143,918	$	29,820,138

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Income Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Interest and dividend income:
Loans and loan fees	$	201,685	$	219,904	$	407,540	$	455,343
Securities taxable	15,749		18,855		31,101		39,484
Securities non-taxable	11,718		12,831		23,456		25,828
Other earning assets	1,158		1,636		2,060		6,098
Total interest and dividend income	230,310		253,226		464,157		526,753
Interest expense:
Deposits	6,698		28,110		15,566		73,891
Borrowings	5,085		11,817		12,150		27,791
Total interest expense	11,783		39,927		27,716		101,682
Net interest income	218,527		213,299		436,441		425,071
Provision for credit losses - loans	6,000		56,606		16,000		193,183
Provision for credit losses - held to maturity securities	(750)		—		(750)		1,703
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	213,277		156,693		421,191		230,185
Non-interest income:
Deposit fees and service charges	7,096		5,345		13,659		11,968
Accounts receivable management / factoring commissions and fees	5,491		4,419		10,917		9,956
Bank owned life insurance	4,981		4,950		9,936		9,967
Loan commissions and fees	8,762		8,003		19,239		19,028
Investment management fees	2,018		1,379		3,870		3,225

Net gain on sale of securities	—		485		706		8,896
Net (loss) gain on called securities	(80)		—		(67)		4,880



Other	1,946		1,509		4,310		5,496
Total non-interest income	30,214		26,090		62,570		73,416
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and benefits	56,953		54,668		115,040		109,544
Stock-based compensation plans	6,781		5,913		13,398		11,919
Occupancy and office operations	13,875		14,695		28,390		29,894
Information technology	9,741		7,312		18,987		15,330
Professional fees	7,561		5,458		14,638		11,207
Amortization of intangible assets	3,776		4,200		7,552		8,400
FDIC insurance and regulatory assessments	2,344		3,638		5,574		6,844
Other real estate owned expense, net	(72)		1,233		(140)		1,285
Merger-related expense	2,481		—		2,481		—


Impairment related to financial centers and real estate consolidation strategy	475		—		1,108		—
Loss on extinguishment of borrowings	1,243		9,723		1,243		10,476
Other	15,471		18,041		30,523		34,695
Total non-interest expense	120,629		124,881		238,794		239,594
Income before income tax expense	122,862		57,902		244,967		64,007
Income tax expense (benefit)	24,523		7,110		47,478		(932)
Net income	98,339		50,792		197,489		64,939
Preferred stock dividend	1,959		1,972		3,922		3,948
Net income available to common stockholders	$	96,380	$	48,820	$	193,567	$	60,991
Weighted average common shares:
Basic	191,436,885		193,479,757		191,655,897		194,909,498
Diluted	192,292,989		193,604,431		192,456,817		195,168,557
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.50	$	0.25	$	1.01	$	0.31
Diluted	0.50		0.25		1.01		0.31

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)


	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net income	$	98,339	$	50,792	$	197,489	$	64,939
Other comprehensive income, before tax:
Change in unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities available for sale	15,082		29,356		(18,857)		78,111

Reclassification adjustment for net realized losses (gains) included in net income	—		(485)		(706)		(8,896)
Accretion of net unrealized loss on securities transferred to held to maturity	40		59		85		156
Change in the actuarial loss of defined benefit plan and post-retirement benefit plans	504		76		(2,521)		(2,492)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	15,626		29,006		(21,999)		66,879
Deferred tax (expense) benefit related to other comprehensive income	(4,318)		(8,017)		6,082		(18,485)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	11,308		20,989		(15,917)		48,394
Comprehensive income	$	109,647	$	71,781	$	181,572	$	113,333

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Number of common shares	Preferred stock		Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Treasury stock		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income		Total stockholders’ equity
Balance at January 1, 2020	198,455,324	$	137,581	$	2,299	$	3,766,716	$	(583,408)	$	1,166,709	$	40,216	$	4,530,113
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (adoption of Current Expected Credit Loss standard (“CECL”))	—	—		—		—		—		(54,254)		—		(54,254)
Balance at January 1, 2020 (as adjusted for change in accounting principle)	198,455,324	137,581		2,299		3,766,716		(583,408)		1,112,455		40,216		4,475,859
Net income	—	—		—		—		—		14,147		—		14,147
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—		—		27,405		27,405

Stock options & other stock transactions, net	41,000	—		—		—		346		68		—		414

Common shares acquired from stock compensation plan activity	(316,582)	—		—		(24,516)		5,916		14,187		—		(4,413)
Stock-based compensation	1,181,673	—		—		7,308		(1,891)		589		—		6,006

Cash dividends declared ($0.07 per common share)	—	—		—		—		—		(13,768)		—		(13,768)
Cash dividends declared ($16.25 per preferred share)	—	(218)		—		—		—		(1,976)		—		(2,194)
Purchase of treasury stock	(4,900,759)	—		—		—		(81,032)		—		—		(81,032)

Balance at March 31, 2020	194,460,656	137,363		2,299		3,749,508		(660,069)		1,125,702		67,621		4,422,424
Net income	—	—		—		—		—		50,792		—		50,792
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—		—		20,989		20,989

Stock options & other stock transactions, net	10,000	—		—		—		95		6		—		101
Common shares acquired from stock compensation plan activity	(14,467)	—		—		(180)		(16)		5		—		(191)
Stock-based compensation	2,616	—		—		6,146		(233)		—		—		5,913

Cash dividends declared ($0.07 per common share)	—	—		—		—		—		(13,648)		—		(13,648)
Cash dividends declared ($16.25 per preferred share)	—	(221)		—		—		—		(1,972)		—		(2,193)


Balance at June 30, 2020	194,458,805	$	137,142	$	2,299	$	3,755,474	$	(660,223)	$	1,160,885	$	88,610	$	4,484,187

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STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Number of common shares	Preferred stock		Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Treasury stock		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total stockholders’ equity
Balance at January 1, 2021	192,923,371	$	136,689	$	2,299	$	3,761,993	$	(686,911)	$	1,291,628	$	84,816	$	4,590,514


Net income	—	—		—		—		—		99,150		—		99,150
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—		—		(27,225)		(27,225)
Stock options & other stock transactions, net	73,946	—		—		—		1,376		(624)		—		752
Common shares acquired from stock compensation plan activity	(332,290)	—		—		(23,241)		13,860		2,746		—		(6,635)
Stock-based compensation	1,138,246	—		—		7,138		(415)		(106)		—		6,617

Cash dividends declared ($0.07 per common share)	—	—		—		—		—		(13,490)		—		(13,490)
Cash dividends declared ($16.25 per preferred share)	—	(231)		—		—		—		(1,963)		—		(2,194)
Purchase of treasury stock	(1,235,372)	—		—		—		(27,325)		—		—		(27,325)
Balance at March 31, 2021	192,567,901	136,458		2,299		3,745,890		(699,415)		1,377,341		57,591		4,620,164
Net income	—	—		—		—		—		98,339		—		98,339
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—		—		11,308		11,308
Stock options & other stock transactions, net	166,459	—		—		—		3,072		(1,243)		—		1,829
Common shares acquired from stock compensation plan activity	(18,927)	—		—		70		(43)		(1)		—		26
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—		7,108		(325)		(2)		—		6,781

Cash dividends declared ($0.07 per common share)	—	—		—		—		—		(13,398)		—		(13,398)
Cash dividends declared ($16.25 per preferred share)	—	(234)		—		—		—		(1,959)		—		(2,193)

Balance at June 30, 2021	192,715,433	$	136,224	$	2,299	$	3,753,068	$	(696,711)	$	1,459,077	$	68,899	$	4,722,856

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)


	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2021		2020

Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	197,489	$	64,939
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provisions for credit losses - loans	16,000		193,183
(Credit) provision for credit losses - held to maturity securities	(750)		1,703
Net (gain) loss from write-downs and sales of other real estate owned	(219)		1,019
Net loss on extinguishment of subordinated notes - Bank	1,243		—
Depreciation of premises and equipment	9,025		9,941
Loss on extinguishment of FHLB borrowings	—		10,476
Impairment on fixed assets	197		—
Impairment of early termination of leases	127		—


Amortization of intangible assets	7,552		8,400
Gain on sale of premises and equipment	(309)		—
Amortization of low income housing tax credits	23,333		16,388
Net gain on sale of securities	(706)		(8,896)
Loss (gain) on security calls available for sale	62		(4,897)
Loss on security calls held to maturity	5		17
Net gain on loans held for sale	—		(2,881)

Net amortization of premiums on securities	15,592		15,801
Amortization of premium on certificates of deposit	(508)		(1,229)
Net accretion of purchase discount and amortization of net deferred loan costs	(15,484)		(20,172)
Net accretion of debt issuance costs and amortization of premium on borrowings	363		(446)

Restricted stock compensation expense	13,398		11,919

Originations of loans held for sale	—		(36,313)

Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance	(9,936)		(9,967)
Deferred income tax benefit	(6,838)		(56,339)
Other adjustments (principally net changes in other assets and other liabilities)	32,426		(154,806)
Net cash provided by operating activities	282,062		37,840
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of securities:
Available for sale	(689,486)		(285,798)
Held to maturity	(779)		(1,355)
Proceeds from maturities and other principal payments on securities:
Available for sale	254,483		241,438
Held to maturity	34,291		40,364
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale	20,706		459,994

Proceeds from calls of securities available for sale	19,080		138,872
Proceeds from calls of securities held to maturity	925		905
Portfolio loan repayments (originations), net	876,850		(932,814)

Proceeds from sale of commercial loans	228,380		98,412

Redemptions of FHLB and FRB stock, net	14,747		58,139
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned	4,750		3,237
Purchases of premises and equipment	(14,887)		(11,509)
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance	4,101		2,907
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	3,897		1,910
Purchases of low income housing tax credits	(23,318)		(63,349)

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	733,740		(248,647)

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STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)


	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2021		2020

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in transaction, savings and money market deposits	590,266		1,995,896
Net decrease in certificates of deposit	(562,569)		(812,704)
Net decrease in short-term FHLB borrowings	(382,000)		(195,000)
Advances of term FHLB borrowings	—		375,000
Repayments of term FHLB borrowings	—		(1,450,000)
Advances under the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility	—		568,350

Repayment of Senior Notes	—		(173,373)
Repayment of subordinated notes - Bank	(145,000)		—

Net (decrease) increase in other short term borrowings	(278,299)		3,770

Net increase in mortgage escrow funds	6,835		11,370
Stock options & other stock transactions, net	2,581		515
Common shares acquired related to stock compensation plan activity	(6,609)		(4,604)

Treasury shares repurchased	(27,325)		(81,032)
Cash dividends paid - common stock	(26,888)		(27,416)
Cash dividends paid - preferred stock	(4,387)		(4,387)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(833,395)		206,385
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	182,407		(4,422)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	305,002		329,151
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	487,409	$	324,729
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest payments	$	30,196	$	109,820
Income tax payments	14,446		14,017
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans	—		732


Loans transferred from held for investment to held for sale	235,719		95,179


Operating cash flows from operating leases	7,631		10,328

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


Table of Contents			STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands within tabular disclosure, except share and per share data)

(1) Basis of Financial Statement Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Nature of Operations

Sterling Bancorp (“Sterling”, the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” ) is a Delaware corporation, a bank holding company and a financial holding company headquartered in Pearl River, New York that owns all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Sterling National Bank (the “Bank”), its principal subsidiary. The Bank is a full-service regional bank specializing in the delivery of services and solutions to business owners, their families and consumers within the communities it serves through teams of dedicated and experienced relationship managers.

(b) Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include the accounts of the Company and all other entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accounting and financial reporting policies the Company follows conform, in all material respects, to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and to general practices within the banking industry, which include regulatory reporting instructions.

The consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm, but, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations. All such adjustments were of a normal and recurring nature. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and with the instructions to Form 10-Q adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, the financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, for the year ended December 31, 2020, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021 (the “2020 Form 10-K”). Operating results for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year or any future period. Certain items in prior financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on previously reported net income.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, expense and contingencies at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates, particularly the ACL and the status of contingencies, and are subject to change.

(d) Definitive Merger Agreement with Webster Financial Corporation

On April 19, 2021, Webster Financial Corporation (NYSE: WBS) (“Webster”), the parent company of Webster Bank, National Association (“Webster Bank”), and Sterling, the parent company of the Bank, jointly announced that they had entered into a definitive agreement (the “Merger Agreement”) under which the companies will combine in an all stock merger of equals (the “Merger”). In May, Webster filed the necessary applications with federal regulators and in July we filed our joint proxy statement, with our stockholder vote scheduled for August. We continue to target a transaction close date in the fourth quarter of 2021, subject to regulatory and stockholder approval.

(e) Risks and Uncertainties - COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting slow down in global economic activity, has continued to impact our business and our clients. In line with the continuing recovery in the broader economy and in the New York metropolitan region, we saw further improvement in our operating results in the second quarter and first six months of 2021, when compared to the second quarter and first six months of 2020. However, there continues to be some uncertainty around the pace and sustainability of the economic recovery, which in combination with accomodative monetary policy, is creating downward pressure on yields and considerable competition for earning assets. Additionally, the New York metropolitan region was disproportionately impacted by the broader deterioration in macro-economic conditions and, while we have seen an uptick in economic activity in the region, it remains below pre-pandemic levels and has continued to dampen demand for our products. Against the backdrop of an improving macro-economic outlook and stabilization of key asset quality metrics our provision for credit losses - loans was $6.0 million and $16.0 million in the second quarter of 2021 and in the first six months of 2021, respectively, compared to $56.6 million and $193.2 million for the respective periods in 2020. In addition, non-interest income was $30.2 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to $26.1 million in the second quarter of 2020 which reflects an increase in transaction volumes compared to the prior year period and improvement in many of our clients business operations.


Table of Contents			STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands within tabular disclosure, except share and per share data)

With uncertainty as to the trajectory of the ongoing pandemic, we expect to see continued volatility in the broader economy and in the interest rate environment. Further, it is possible that the continuing threat to public health posed by COVID-19 may result in additional governmental actions that may impact our business and that of our clients. A further downturn in the economic activity, at the national or regional level, especially if prolonged, could negatively impact the stability of our deposit base, impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, cause an increase in the number of non-performing loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans, and cause significant property damage, all of which could negatively impact our operating results and financial condition.

The extent to which the ongoing pandemic could materially adversely affect the longer term business climate and therefore our business and results of operations will depend on a number of evolving factors and future developments that are difficult to predict. To the extent that the pandemic adversely affects our business, financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks we face, including the other risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed on February 26, 2021.

(2) Securities

The following table summarizes our securities as of June 30, 2021, including a summary of the amortized cost fair value and ACL related to HTM securities and the amortized cost, fair value of AFS securities. The terms “MBS” refers to mortgage-backed securities and the term “CMOs” refers to collateralized mortgage obligations. Both of these terms are further defined in Note 15. “Fair Value Measurements”:


	June 30, 2021
	Available for Sale						Held to Maturity
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		Amortized cost		Gross unrecognized gains		Gross unrecognized losses		Fair value		ACL
Residential MBS:
Agency-backed	$	881,777	$	35,346	$	(200)	$	916,923	$	74,810	$	2,813	$	—	$	77,623	$	—
CMOs/Other MBS	263,417		11,143		—		274,560		—		—		—		—		—
Total residential MBS	1,145,194		46,489		(200)		1,191,483		74,810		2,813		—		77,623		—
Other securities:
US Treasury and federal agencies	380,034		5,248		(463)		384,819		24,871		529		—		25,400		—
Corporate	685,058		32,924		(2,840)		715,142		19,824		729		—		20,553		35
State and municipal	364,754		14,917		(115)		379,556		1,558,964		112,986		(53)		1,671,897		700

Other	—		—		—		—		17,750		153		(114)		17,789		14
Total other securities	1,429,846		53,089		(3,418)		1,479,517		1,621,409		114,397		(167)		1,735,639		749
Total securities	$	2,575,040	$	99,578	$	(3,618)	$	2,671,000	$	1,696,219	$	117,210	$	(167)	$	1,813,262	$	749


Table of Contents			STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands within tabular disclosure, except share and per share data)

A summary of amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities as of December 31, 2020 is presented below:


	December 31, 2020
	Available for Sale										Held to Maturity
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		Amortized cost		Gross unrecognized gains		Gross unrecognized losses		Fair value		ACL
Residential MBS:
Agency-backed	$	873,358	$	44,911	$	(9)	$	918,260	$	104,329	$	4,100	$	—	$	108,429	$	—
CMOs/Other MBS	352,473		20,811		—		373,284		—		—		—		—		—
Total residential MBS	1,225,831		65,722		(9)		1,291,544		104,329		4,100		—		108,429		—
Other securities:
Federal agencies	149,852		6,615		—		156,467		24,811		844		—		25,655		—
Corporate	438,226		27,334		(2,048)		463,512		19,851		535		—		20,386		75
State and municipal	369,186		18,090		(181)		387,095		1,575,596		126,575		(69)		1,702,102		1,379

Other	—		—		—		—		17,750		189		(7)		17,932		45
Total other securities	957,264		52,039		(2,229)		1,007,074		1,638,008		128,143		(76)		1,766,075		1,499
Total securities	$	2,183,095	$	117,761	$	(2,238)	$	2,298,618	$	1,742,337	$	132,243	$	(76)	$	1,874,504	$	1,499

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities at June 30, 2021 are presented below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Residential MBS are shown separately since they are not due at a single maturity date.


	June 30, 2021
	Available for sale				Held to maturity
	Amortized cost		Fair value		Amortized cost		Fair value
Remaining period to contractual maturity:
One year or less	$	1,914	$	1,911	$	28,453	$	28,717
One to five years	368,570		380,544		78,748		82,744
Five to ten years	684,198		713,149		395,588		421,669
Greater than ten years	375,164		383,913		1,118,620		1,202,509
Total securities with a stated maturity date	1,429,846		1,479,517		1,621,409		1,735,639
Residential MBS	1,145,194		1,191,483		74,810		77,623
Total securities	$	2,575,040	$	2,671,000	$	1,696,219	$	1,813,262


Table of Contents			STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands within tabular disclosure, except share and per share data)

Sales and calls of securities for the periods indicated below were as follows:


	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Available for sale:
Proceeds from sales	$	—	$	52,470	$	20,706	$	459,994
Gross realized gains	—		485		1,236		8,964
Gross realized losses	—		—		(530)		(68)
Income tax expense on realized net gains	—		61		138		112
Proceeds from calls	$	17,055	$	—	$	20,005	$	139,777
Gross realized gains	16		—		47		4,909
Gross realized losses	(96)		—		(114)		(29)
Income tax (benefit) expense on realized net (loss) gains	(16)		—		(13)		610

At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity, other than securities issued by the U.S. federal government and its agencies.

The following table summarizes AFS securities with unrealized losses for which an ACL has not been recorded at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position:


	Continuous unrealized loss position
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
	Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses
AFS
June 30, 2021
Residential MBS:
Agency-backed	$	57,518	$	(194)	$	262	$	(6)	$	57,780	$	(200)


Other securities:
US Treasury and federal agencies	90,135		(463)		—		—		90,135		(463)
Corporate	124,236		(2,840)		—		—		124,236		(2,840)
State and municipal	1,650		(5)		8,084		(110)		9,734		(115)


Total other securities	216,021		(3,308)		8,084		(110)		224,105		(3,418)
Total securities	$	273,539	$	(3,502)	$	8,346	$	(116)	$	281,885	$	(3,618)
December 31, 2020
Residential MBS:
Agency-backed	$	396	$	(1)	$	1,970	$	(8)	$	2,366	$	(9)


Other securities:

Corporate	83,191		(2,048)		—		—		83,191		(2,048)
State and municipal	2,507		(29)		10,872		(152)		13,379		(181)

Total other securities	85,698		(2,077)		10,872		(152)		96,570		(2,229)
Total securities	$	86,094	$	(2,078)	$	12,842	$	(160)	$	98,936	$	(2,238)

We regularly review AFS securities for impairment resulting from credit losses using both qualitative and quantitative criteria, and based on the composition of the portfolio at each reporting period. Unrealized losses on corporate and state and municipal securities have not been recognized into income because the issuers are of high credit quality, because we do not intend to sell and because it is unlikely that we will be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery. The decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates and other market conditions. The issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments on the securities. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach maturity.


Table of Contents			STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands within tabular disclosure, except share and per share data)

At June 30, 2021, a total of 32 AFS securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and 48 AFS securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer.

At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accrued interest receivable on AFS securities was $12.9 million and $10.9 million, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on AFS securities is included in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. The following table summarizes HTM securities with unrecognized losses, segregated by the length of time in a continuous unrecognized loss position for the periods presented below:


	Continuous unrecognized loss position
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
	Fair value		Unrecognized losses		Fair value		Unrecognized losses		Fair value		Unrecognized losses
HTM
June 30, 2021




Other securities:


State and municipal	$	—	$	—	$	3,912	$	(53)	$	3,912	$	(53)
Other	14,886		(114)		—		—		14,886		(114)

Total securities	$	14,886	$	(114)	$	3,912	$	(53)	$	18,798	$	(167)
December 31, 2020




Other securities:


State and municipal	$	105	$	(1)	$	4,386	$	(68)	$	4,491	$	(69)
Other	9,993		(7)		—		—		9,993		(7)
Total other securities	10,098		(8)		4,386		(68)		14,484		(76)
Total securities	$	10,098	$	(8)	$	4,386	$	(68)	$	14,484	$	(76)

The following table presents the activity in the ACL - HTM securities by type of security for the six month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:


	June 30, 2021				June 30, 2020
	Type of security				Type of security
	Corporate and Other		State and municipal		Corporate and Other		State and municipal
ACL - HTM:
Balance at beginning of period	$	120	$	1,379	$	—	$	—
Impact of adoption on January 1, 2020	—		—		108		688
Provision for credit loss	(71)		(679)		7		1,696
Total ACL - HTM at end of period	$	49	$	700	$	115	$	2,384

The ACL - HTM securities was estimated using a discounted cash flow approach. We discounted the expected cash flows using the effective interest rate inherent in the security. For floating rate securities, we projected interest rates using forward interest rate curves. We review the term structures for probability of default, probability of prepayment and loss given default. We estimate a reasonable and supportable term of three years, based on our back testing process.

At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accrued interest receivable on HTM securities was $15.5 million and $15.6 million, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of ACL - HTM securities. Accrued interest receivable on HTM securities is included in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.


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Credit Quality Indicators

We monitor the credit quality of HTM investment securities through the use of credit ratings, internal reviews and analysis of financial information and other data, and external reviews from a third-party vendor. We monitor credit quality indicators at least quarterly, and all credit ratings were updated and reviewed as of June 30, 2021. At June 30, 2021, three HTM securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and 26 HTM securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of HTM securities at June 30, 2021 aggregated by credit quality indicator:


Credit Rating:	Corporate and other		State and municipal
AAA	$	—	$	987,413
AA	17,750		546,072
A	—		20,331
BBB	—		65
Non-rated	19,824		5,083
Total	$	37,574	$	1,558,964

The majority of state and municipal securities had a rating of A or greater at June 30, 2021. State and municipal securities consist mainly of securities issued by jurisdictions located in the state of New York and securities issued by other states. Non-rated state and municipal securities consist of general obligation securities and short-term bond anticipation notes and tax anticipation notes issued by municipalities in the state of New York.

A security is considered to be delinquent once it is 30 days past due under the terms of the agreement. There were no past due securities and there were no securities on non-accrual at June 30, 2021.

Securities pledged for borrowings at the FHLB and other institutions, and securities pledged for municipal deposits and other purposes, were as follows for the periods presented below:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
AFS securities pledged for borrowings, at fair value	$	25,802	$	27,101
AFS securities pledged for municipal deposits, at fair value	545,072		569,724


HTM securities pledged for municipal deposits, at amortized cost	1,384,217		1,221,964
Total securities pledged	$	1,955,091	$	1,818,789


Table of Contents			STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands within tabular disclosure, except share and per share data)

(3) Portfolio Loans

The composition of our total portfolio loans, which excludes loans held for sale, was the following for the periods presented below:


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Commercial:
Commercial & Industrial (“C&I”):
Traditional C&I	$	2,917,848	$	2,920,205
Asset-based lending	707,207		803,004
Payroll finance	158,424		159,237
Warehouse lending	1,229,588		1,953,677
Factored receivables	217,399		220,217
Equipment financing	1,381,308		1,531,109
Public sector finance	1,723,270		1,572,819
Total C&I	8,335,044		9,160,268
Commercial mortgage:
Commercial real estate (“CRE”)	5,861,542		5,831,990
Multi-family	4,281,615		4,406,660
Acquisition, development and construction (“ADC”)	690,224		642,943
Total commercial mortgage	10,833,381		10,881,593
Total commercial	19,168,425		20,041,861
Residential mortgage	1,389,294		1,616,641



Consumer	166,378		189,907
Total portfolio loans	20,724,097		21,848,409
ACL	(314,873)		(326,100)
Total portfolio loans, net	$	20,409,224	$	21,522,309

Portfolio loans are shown at amortized cost, which includes deferred fees, deferred costs and purchase accounting adjustments, which were $5.8 million at June 30, 2021 and $20.9 million at December 31, 2020.

The balance of portfolio loans excludes accrued interest receivable. Accrued interest receivable was $68.3 million and $71.0 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and was reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. All interest accrued but not received on loans placed on non-accrual is reversed against interest income.

Included in traditional C&I loans at June 30, 2021, was $7.8 million of principal balance related to loans originated under the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). The CARES Act authorized the SBA to temporarily guarantee loans under a new 7(a) loan program, the PPP. These loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA and the full principal amount of the loan may qualify for forgiveness. The loans we originated have a maturity of two years, an interest rate of 1.00% and loan payments are deferred for the initial six months.

In the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we sold $122.5 million and $192.5 million of loans, respectively, largely comprised of commercial real estate loans, the majority of which were rated special mention and substandard. In connection with these sales, we charged-off against the ACL - loans the uncollectible portion, which amounted to $11.7 million and $17.6 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.

At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Bank pledged residential mortgage and CRE loans of $6.1 billion and $6.5 billion, respectively, to the FHLB as collateral for certain borrowing arrangements. See Note 7. “Borrowings”.


Table of Contents			STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands within tabular disclosure, except share and per share data)

Portfolio loans:

An analysis of the aging of portfolio loans, segregated by loan type as of June 30, 2021, is presented below:


	June 30, 2021
	Current		30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		90+ days past due		Total
Traditional C&I	$	2,898,001	$	6,005	$	10,136	$	3,706	$	2,917,848
Asset-based lending	707,207		—		—		—		707,207
Payroll finance	158,424		—		—		—		158,424
Warehouse lending	1,229,588		—		—		—		1,229,588
Factored receivables	217,399		—		—		—		217,399
Equipment financing	1,371,266		847		143		9,052		1,381,308
Public sector finance	1,723,270		—		—		—		1,723,270
CRE	5,822,083		23,345		15,530		584		5,861,542
Multi-family	4,268,435		2,823		10,030		327		4,281,615
ADC	665,224		—		—		25,000		690,224
Residential mortgage	1,366,022		6,138		2,078		15,056		1,389,294
Consumer	155,669		1,155		584		8,970		166,378
Total loans	$	20,582,588	$	40,313	$	38,501	$	62,695	$	20,724,097
Total TDRs included above	$	50,212	$	—	$	—	$	2,327	$	52,539
Non-performing loans:
Loans 90+ days past due and still accruing									$	—
Non-accrual loans									173,319
Total non-performing loans									$	173,319


Table of Contents			STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands within tabular disclosure, except share and per share data)

The following table represents an analysis of the aging of portfolio loans, segregated by loan type as of:


	December 31, 2020
	Current		30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		90+ days past due		Total
Traditional C&I	$	2,905,964	$	1,215	$	6,054	$	6,972	$	2,920,205
Asset-based lending	803,004		—		—		—		803,004
Payroll finance	159,237		—		—		—		159,237
Warehouse lending	1,953,677		—		—		—		1,953,677
Factored receivables	220,217		—		—		—		220,217
Equipment financing	1,469,653		24,286		11,077		26,093		1,531,109
Public sector finance	1,572,819		—		—		—		1,572,819
CRE	5,794,115		13,591		17,421		6,863		5,831,990
Multi-family	4,393,950		11,578		811		321		4,406,660
ADC	612,943		—		—		30,000		642,943
Residential mortgage	1,590,068		7,444		3,426		15,703		1,616,641
Consumer	178,587		1,043		907		9,370		189,907
Total loans	$	21,654,234	$	59,157	$	39,696	$	95,322	$	21,848,409
Total TDRs included above	$	60,257	$	2,927	$	13,492	$	2,295	$	78,971
Non-performing loans:
Loans 90+ days past due and still accruing									$	170
Non-accrual loans									166,889
Total non-performing loans									$	167,059

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by loan type and collateral as of June 30, 2021:


	Collateral type
	Real estate		Business assets		Equipment		Taxi medallions		Total
Traditional C&I	$	400	$	24,596	$	3,123	$	2,976	$	31,095
Asset-based lending	—		11,051		—		—		11,051
Payroll finance	—		652		—		—		652

Equipment finance	—		—		9,928		—		9,928
CRE	55,408		—		—		—		55,408

ADC	25,000		—		—		—		25,000
Residential mortgage	3,539		—		—		—		3,539
Consumer	6,676		—		—		—		6,676
Total	$	91,023	$	36,299	$	13,051	$	2,976	$	143,349

Collateral-dependent loans include all loans that were deemed TDRs at June 30, 2021. In the table above, $126.6 million of the total loans were on non-accrual at June 30, 2021. Business assets that secure traditional C&I and asset-based lending loans generally include accounts receivable, inventory, machinery and equipment. There were no warehouse lending, factored receivables, public sector finance or multi-family loans that were collateral-dependent at June 30, 2021.


Table of Contents			STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands within tabular disclosure, except share and per share data)

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by loan type and collateral as of December 31, 2020:


	Collateral type
	Real estate		Business assets		Equipment		Taxi medallions		Total
Traditional C&I	$	425	$	—	$	5,998	$	10,916	$	17,339
Asset-based lending	—		8,280		—		—		8,280
Payroll finance	—		2,300		—		—		2,300


Equipment finance	—		1,117		10,461		—		11,578

CRE	53,212		—		—		—		53,212
Multi-family	9,914		—		—		—		9,914
ADC	30,000		—		—		—		30,000
Residential mortgage	5,025		—		—		—		5,025
Consumer	7,384		—		—		—		7,384
Total	$	105,960	$	11,697	$	16,459	$	10,916	$	145,032

Collateral-dependent loans include all loans that were deemed TDRs at December 31, 2020. In the table above, $115.9 million of the total loans were on non-accrual at December 31, 2020. Business assets that secure traditional C&I and asset-based lending loans generally include accounts receivable, inventory, machinery and equipment. There were no warehouse lending, factored receivables or public sector finance loans that were collateral-dependent at December 31, 2020.

The following table provides additional information on our non-accrual loans and loans 90 days past due:


	June 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
	Total Non-accrual Loans		Non-accrual loans with no ACL		Loans 90 days or more past due still accruing interest		Total Non-accrual Loans		Non-accrual loans with no ACL		Loans 90 days or more past due still accruing interest
Traditional C&I	$	41,593	$	6,053	$	—	$	19,223	$	16,914	$	94
Asset-based lending	7,535		3,745		—		5,255		4,613		—
Payroll finance	652		652		—		2,300		2,300		—


Equipment financing	23,452		4,356		—		30,634		11,578		2

CRE	48,074		—		—		46,053		38,529		74
Multi-family	327		—		—		4,485		2,156		—
ADC	25,000		—		—		30,000		—		—
Residential mortgage	17,132		1,973		—		18,661		808		—
Consumer	9,554		775		—		10,278		875		—
Total	$	173,319	$	17,554	$	—	$	166,889	$	77,773	$	170

When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of a loan is in doubt and the loan is on non-accrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of a loan is not in doubt and the loan is on non-accrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received, under the cash basis method.

At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the recorded carrying value of residential mortgage loans that were in the process of

foreclosure was $2.9 million and $3.2 million, respectively, which is included in the balance of non-accrual residential mortgage loans above.

There were no warehouse lending, factored receivables or public sector finance loans that were non-accrual or 90 days past due at June 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020.


Table of Contents			STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands within tabular disclosure, except share and per share data)

The following table provides information on accrued interest receivable that was reversed against interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:


	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020


Traditional C&I	$	2	$	42	$	38	$	49
Asset-based lending	—		—		—		67



Equipment financing	49		—		87		—

CRE	264		142		271		288
Multi-family	—		84		—		111
ADC	—		—		—		297
Residential mortgage	53		99		226		179
Consumer	12		—		31		7
Total interest reversed	$	380	$	367	$	653	$	998

Short-term Loan Deferrals

Under the CARES Act, financial institutions are permitted to not classify loan modifications that result from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as TDR, provided:

•The modifications were made between March 1, 2020 and, as modified by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, the earlier of January 1, 2022, or 60 days after the end of the public health emergency, and

•The underlying loans were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019.

We implemented a loan modification program in accordance with the CARES Act to provide temporary relief to borrowers that meet the requirements. The program allows for deferral of payments for up to 90 days, which we may extend for an additional 90 days at our option. The deferred payments and accrued interest during the deferral period are due and payable on or before the maturity of the loan. At June 30, 2021, we have temporary deferrals to borrowers on 175 loans with an outstanding balance of $109.8 million. There was $6.3 million of accrued interest associated with these loans. Under the provisions of the CARES Act, none of these loans were considered TDR at June 30, 2021. The table below reflects the balance of deferrals by principal:


Table of Contents			STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands within tabular disclosure, except share and per share data)


							Non-pass rated loans
	Loan balance outstanding		Deferral of principal and interest		%		Special mention		Substandard
Commercial
C&I:
Traditional C&I	$	2,917,848	$	—	—	%	$	—	$	—
Asset-based lending	707,207		—		—		—		—
Payroll finance	158,424		—		—		—		—
Warehouse lending	1,229,588		—		—		—		—
Factored receivables	217,399		—		—		—		—
Equipment finance	1,381,308		1,577		0.1		—		1,577
Public sector finance	1,723,270		—		—		—		—
Total C&I	8,335,044		1,577		—		—		1,577
Commercial mortgage:
Commercial real estate	5,861,542		47,738		0.8		—		47,738
Multi-family	4,281,615		5,166		0.1		3,636		1,530
ADC	690,224		—		—		—		—
Total commercial mortgage	10,833,381		52,904		0.5		3,636		49,268
Total commercial	19,168,425		54,481		0.3		3,636		50,845
Residential	1,389,294		51,881		3.7		—		354
Consumer	166,378		3,402		2.0		—		194
Total Portfolio loans	$	20,724,097	$	109,764	0.5	%	$	3,636	$	51,393

TDRs

At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, TDRs were $52.5 million and $79.0 million, respectively. The decline was mainly due to the repayment of a $13.0 million CRE loan and approximately $11.1 million of loans included in our second quarter loan sale. Of the total ACL - loans, $5.2 million at June 30, 2021 and $915 thousand at December 31, 2020 was related to TDRs. The increase in the ACL - loans related to TDRs was based on updates to our expected lifetime losses for these loans. We did not have any outstanding commitments to lend additional amounts to customers with loans classified as TDRs as of June 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020.

There was one equipment financing loan that was classified as TDR in the six months ended June 30, 2021. This loan was formerly included in our CARES Act modifications, however, after two modifications, the borrower requested an additional modification, and we concluded the loan should be considered a TDR. We charged-off the loan balance to the estimated collateral value based on our assessment of the borrower’s ability to service the debt.

The following table presents loans classified as TDRs during the first six months of 2021 and 2020 broken down by segment:


	June 30, 2021					June 30, 2020
		Recorded investment					Recorded investment
	Number	Pre- modification		Post- modification		Number	Pre- modification		Post- modification

Asset-based lending		$	—	$	—	2	$	10,553	$	9,822



Equipment financing	1	2,465		1,428		—	—		—





Total TDRs	1	$	2,465	$	1,428	2	$	10,553	$	9,822

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, one residential mortgage TDR loan, which totaled $490 thousand, experienced payment defaults within the twelve months following the modification. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, there were two equipment finance loans, two CRE loans, two residential loan and two consumer loans that were designated TDR and which totaled $16.9 million and experienced a payment default within 12 months following the modification. A payment default is defined as missing three


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consecutive monthly payments or being over 90 days past due on a scheduled payment. TDRs are formal loan modifications which consist mainly of an extension of the loan maturity date, converting a loan to interest only for some defined period of time, deferral of interest payments, waiver of certain covenants, or reducing collateral requirements or interest rates.

(4) ACL - Loans

Activity in our ACL - loans for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020 is summarized in the table below:


	For the three months ended June 30, 2021
	Beginning balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Net charge-offs		Provision / (credit)			Ending balance
Traditional C&I	$	46,393	$	(1,148)	$	588	$	(560)	$	1,661		$	47,494
Asset-based lending	11,165		—		1,998		1,998		(2,689)			10,474
Payroll finance	1,519		(86)		4		(82)		130			1,567
Warehouse lending	1,232		—		—		—		(145)			1,087
Factored receivables	3,237		(761)		52		(709)		497			3,025
Equipment financing	28,025		(3,004)		719		(2,285)		2,247			27,987
Public sector finance	4,632		—		—		—		1,536			6,168
CRE	159,422		(7,375)		97		(7,278)		3,445			155,589
Multi-family	33,376		(4,982)		15		(4,967)		3,645			32,054
ADC	13,803		—		—		—		(2,432)			11,371
Residential mortgage	15,970		(237)		—		(237)		(1,701)			14,032
Consumer	4,412		(231)		38		(193)		(194)			4,025
Total ACL - loans	$	323,186	$	(17,824)	$	3,511	$	(14,313)	$	6,000		$	314,873
Annualized net charge-offs to average loans outstanding:									0.28		%


	For the three months ended June 30, 2020
	Beginning balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Net charge-offs		Provision / (credit)			Ending balance
Traditional C&I	$	35,289	$	(3,988)	$	116	$	(3,872)	$	13,097		$	44,514
Asset-based lending	26,490		(1,500)		—		(1,500)		5,863			30,853
Payroll finance	3,730		(560)		1		(559)		(1,240)			1,931
Warehouse lending	289		—		—		—		379			668
Factored receivables	9,194		(3,731)		1		(3,730)		5,122			10,586
Equipment financing	60,028		(7,863)		387		(7,476)		25,620			78,172
Public sector finance	1,929		—		—		—		1,836			3,765
CRE	97,586		(11)		584		573		746			98,905
Multi-family	49,097		(154)		1		(153)		(12,292)			36,652
ADC	15,204		(1)		—		(1)		2,992			18,195
Residential mortgage	23,090		(702)		—		(702)		11,567			33,955
Consumer	4,518		(172)		31		(141)		2,916			7,293
Total ACL - loans	$	326,444	$	(18,682)	$	1,121	$	(17,561)	$	56,606		$	365,489
Annualized net charge-offs to average loans outstanding:									0.32		%


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	For the six months ended June 30, 2021
	Beginning balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Net charge-offs		Provision/ (credit)			Ending balance
Traditional C&I	$	42,670	$	(2,175)	$	1,056	$	(1,119)	$	5,943		$	47,494
Asset-based lending	12,762		—		1,998		1,998		(4,286)			10,474
Payroll finance	1,957		(86)		6		(80)		(310)			1,567
Warehouse lending	1,724		—		—		—		(637)			1,087
Factored receivables	2,904		(765)		458		(307)		428			3,025
Equipment financing	31,794		(5,412)		1,573		(3,839)		32			27,987
Public sector finance	4,516		—		—		—		1,652			6,168
CRE	155,313		(10,308)		584		(9,724)		10,000			155,589
Multi-family	33,320		(8,212)		15		(8,197)		6,931			32,054
ADC	17,927		(5,000)		—		(5,000)		(1,556)			11,371
Residential mortgage	16,529		(504)		37		(467)		(2,030)			14,032
Consumer	4,684		(622)		130		(492)		(167)			4,025
Total ACL - loans	$	326,100	$	(33,084)	$	5,857	$	(27,227)	$	16,000		$	314,873
Annualized net charge-offs to average loans outstanding:									0.26		%


On January 1, 2020, we adopted CECL, which replaced the incurred loss method we used in prior periods for determining the provision for credit losses and the ACL. Under CECL, we record at the inception of the loan an expected loss of all cash flows we do not expect to collect over the life of the loan. The adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020, resulted in an increase in our ACL of $90.6 million, which did not impact our consolidated income statements.
	For the six months ended June 30, 2020
	Beginning balance		CECL Day 1		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Net charge-offs		Provision/ (credit)		Ending balance
Traditional C&I	$	15,951	$	5,325	$	(4,286)	$	591	$	(3,695)	$	26,933	$	44,514
Asset-based lending	14,272		11,973		(2,485)		—		(2,485)		7,093		30,853
Payroll finance	2,064		1,334		(560)		10		(550)		(917)		1,931
Warehouse lending	917		(362)		—		—		—		113		668
Factored receivables	654		795		(3,738)		5		(3,733)		12,870		10,586
Equipment financing	16,723		33,000		(12,656)		1,492		(11,164)		39,613		78,172
Public sector finance	1,967		(766)		—		—		—		2,564		3,765
CRE	27,965		8,037		(1,286)		644		(642)		63,545		98,905
Multi-family	11,440		14,906		(154)		1		(153)		10,459		36,652
ADC	4,732		(119)		(4)		105		101		13,481		18,195
Residential mortgage	7,598		14,104		(1,774)		—		(1,774)		14,027		33,955
Consumer	1,955		2,357		(1,577)		1,156		(421)		3,402		7,293
Total allowance for loan losses	$	106,238	$	90,584	$	(28,520)	$	4,004	$	(24,516)	$	193,183	$	365,489
Annualized net charge-offs to average loans outstanding:													0.24		%

Credit Quality Indicators

As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of our loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators, including trends related to: (i) the weighted-average risk grade of commercial loans; (ii) the level of classified commercial loans; (iii) the delinquency status of residential mortgage and consumer loans, including home equity lines of credit (“HELOC”) and other consumer loans; (iv) net charge-offs; (v) non-performing loans (see details above); and (vi) the general economic conditions in the New York Metro Market. We analyze loans individually by classifying the loans by credit risk, except residential mortgage loans, HELOC and other consumer loans, which are evaluated on a homogeneous pool basis unless the loan balance is greater than $750 thousand. This analysis is performed at least quarterly on all graded 7-Special Mention and lower loans. We use the following definitions of risk ratings:


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1 and 2 - These grades include loans that are secured by cash, marketable securities or cash surrender value of life insurance policies.

3 - This grade includes loans to borrowers with strong earnings and cash flow that have the ability to service debt. The borrower’s assets and liabilities are generally well-matched and are above average quality. The borrower has ready access to multiple sources of funding, including alternatives such as term loans, private equity placements or trade credit.

4 - This grade includes loans to borrowers with above average cash flow, adequate earnings and debt service coverage ratios. The borrower generates discretionary cash flow, assets and liabilities are reasonably matched, and the borrower has access to other sources of debt funding or additional trade credit at market rates.

5 - This grade includes loans to borrowers with adequate earnings and cash flow and reasonable debt service coverage ratios. Overall leverage is acceptable and there is average reliance upon trade credit. Management has a reasonable amount of experience and depth, and owners are willing to invest available outside capital, as necessary.

6 - This grade includes loans to borrowers where there is evidence of some strain, earnings are inconsistent and volatile, and the borrowers’ outlook is uncertain. Generally, such borrowers have higher leverage than those with a better risk rating. These borrowers typically have limited access to alternative sources of bank debt and may be dependent upon debt funding for working capital support.

7 - Special Mention (OCC definition) - Other Assets Especially Mentioned are loans that have potential weaknesses which may, if not reversed or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Bank’s credit position at some future date. Such assets constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk but not to the point of justifying a classification of “Substandard.” The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitute an unwarranted risk in light of the circumstances surrounding a specific asset.

8 - Substandard (OCC definition) - These loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some losses if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified as substandard.

9 - Doubtful (OCC definition) - These loans have all the weakness inherent in one classified as “Substandard” with the added characteristics that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but, because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors may include a proposed merger, acquisition, liquidating procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens or additional collateral and refinancing plans.

10 - Loss (OCC definition) - These loans are charged-off because they are determined to be uncollectible and unbankable assets. This classification does not indicate that the asset has no absolute recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing-off this asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. Losses should be taken in the period in which they are determined to be uncollectible.


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Loans that are risk-rated 1 through 6 as defined above are considered to be pass-rated loans. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the risk category of non-pass rated loans by segment was as follows:


	June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Special Mention		Substandard		Special Mention		Substandard
Traditional C&I	$	45,368	$	114,777	$	24,162	$	84,792
Asset-based lending	61,631		11,051		111,597		11,669
Payroll finance	—		652		—		2,300

Factored receivables	—		—		5,523		—
Equipment financing	22,993		43,797		7,737		45,018

CRE	159,425		333,377		249,403		280,796
Multi-family	97,086		56,095		61,146		44,872
ADC	2,023		25,000		1,407		30,000
Residential mortgage	—		17,416		468		18,942
Consumer	9		9,640		15		10,371
Total	$	388,535	$	611,805	$	461,458	$	528,760

At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 there were no warehouse lending or public sector finance loans rated special mention or substandard.

At June 30, 2021, there were $4.6 million of traditional C&I loans rated doubtful and no loans rated loss. At December 31, 2020, there were $304 thousand of traditional C&I loans rated doubtful and no loans rated loss.


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We evaluate whether a modification, extension or renewal of a loan is a current period origination in accordance with GAAP. Generally, loans up for renewal are subject to a full credit evaluation before the renewal is granted and such loans are considered current period originations for purposes of the table below. At June 30, 2021, our loans based on year of origination and risk designation are as follows:


	Term loans amortized cost basis by origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Revolving loans				Total
Traditional C&I
Pass	$	91,836	$	252,798	$	169,916	$	215,953	$	109,019	$	149,792	$	1,763,789	$	—	$	2,753,103
Special mention	7,808		—		14,282		16,952		3,233		1,237		1,856		—		45,368
Substandard	2,352		27,064		39,379		9,388		5,573		6,505		24,516		—		114,777
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		4,600		—		4,600
Total traditional C&I	101,996		279,862		223,577		242,293		117,825		157,534		1,794,761		—		2,917,848
Asset-based lending
Pass	17,716		12,472		7,314		2,393		7,119		34,162		553,349		—		634,525
Special mention	—		6,000		430		2,253		—		—		52,948		—		61,631
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		11,051		—		11,051
Total asset-based lending	17,716		18,472		7,744		4,646		7,119		34,162		617,348		—		707,207
Payroll finance
Pass	—		—		—		3,398		—		—		154,374		—		157,772

Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		652		—		652
Total payroll finance	—		—		—		3,398		—		—		155,026		—		158,424
Warehouse lending
Pass	29,795		92,352		29,427		28,274		158,681		891,059		—		—		1,229,588


Total warehouse lending	29,795		92,352		29,427		28,274		158,681		891,059		—		—		1,229,588
Factored receivables
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		217,399		—		217,399


Total factored receivables	—		—		—		—		—		—		217,399		—		217,399
Equipment financing
Pass	128,331		360,648		450,558		194,832		78,053		101,955		141		—		1,314,518
Special mention	—		1,919		5,554		12,284		3,201		35				—		22,993
Substandard	—		5,580		18,675		7,068		9,147		3,327		—		—		43,797
Total equipment financing	128,331		368,147		474,787		214,184		90,401		105,317		141		—		1,381,308
Public Sector Finance
Pass	214,019		426,185		394,939		203,317		257,317		227,493		—		—		1,723,270


Total public sector finance	214,019		426,185		394,939		203,317		257,317		227,493		—		—		1,723,270


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	Term loans amortized cost basis by origination year														Revolving loans converted to term
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Revolving loans				Total
CRE
Pass	337,013		1,022,939		1,237,313		792,634		512,895		1,465,946		—		—		5,368,740
Special mention	—		5,342		36,331		33,984		36,681		47,087		—		—		159,425
Substandard	—		28,674		87,751		69,134		34,141		113,677		—		—		333,377
Total CRE	337,013		1,056,955		1,361,395		895,752		583,717		1,626,710		—		—		5,861,542
Multi-family
Pass	391,155		368,799		700,556		385,545		577,737		1,633,820		70,822		—		4,128,434
Special mention	—		4,872		23,869		5,358		11,405		51,582		—		—		97,086
Substandard	—		—		22,288		5,180		—		24,156		4,471		—		56,095
Total multi-family	391,155		373,671		746,713		396,083		589,142		1,709,558		75,293		—		4,281,615
ADC
Pass	104,700		148,463		261,293		73,668		27,601		47,476		—		—		663,201
Special mention	—		2,023		—		—		—		—		—		—		2,023
Substandard	—		—		—		—		25,000		—		—		—		25,000
Total ADC	104,700		150,486		261,293		73,668		52,601		47,476		—		—		690,224
Residential
Pass	2,753		10,803		11,234		31,165		34,198		1,281,725		—		—		1,371,878

Substandard	—		—		—		260		—		17,156		—		—		17,416
Total residential	2,753		10,803		11,234		31,425		34,198		1,298,881		—		—		1,389,294
Consumer
Pass	5		67		318		330		176		4,824		94,363		56,646		156,729
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		9		—		—		9
Substandard	—		—		—		—		393		3,225		6,022		—		9,640
Total consumer	5		67		318		330		569		8,058		100,385		56,646		166,378
Total Loans	$	1,327,483	$	2,777,000	$	3,511,427	$	2,093,370	$	1,891,570	$	6,106,248	$	2,960,353	$	56,646	$	20,724,097


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(5) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The balance of goodwill and other intangible assets for the periods presented were as follows:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Goodwill	$	1,683,482	$	1,683,482
Other intangible assets:
Core deposits	$	62,552	$	69,808
Customer lists	2,960		3,256

Trade name	20,500		20,500

Total	$	86,012	$	93,564

The decrease in other intangible assets at June 30, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020 was due to amortization of intangibles.

The estimated aggregate future amortization expense for intangible assets remaining as of June 30, 2021 was as follows:


	Amortization expense
Remainder of 2021	$	7,552
2022	13,703
2023	12,322
2024	10,448
2025	8,722
2026	7,134
Thereafter	5,631
Total	$	65,512

(6) Deposits

Deposit balances at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Non-interest bearing demand	$	5,963,828	$	5,443,907
Interest bearing demand	4,706,781		4,960,800
Savings	2,653,678		2,603,570
Money market	8,388,671		8,114,415
Certificates of deposit	1,433,753		1,996,830
Total deposits	$	23,146,711	$	23,119,522

Total municipal deposits, which are included in the deposit balances above, were $1.8 billion and $1.6 billion at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. See Note 2. “Securities” for the aggregate amount of securities that were pledged as collateral for municipal deposits and other purposes.


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Brokered deposits at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Interest bearing demand	$	16,839	$	433,790

Money market	494,614		1,045,478
Certificates of deposit	—		100,003
Total brokered deposits	$	511,453	$	1,579,271

In the second quarter of 2021, we concluded that one of our deposit relationships that was considered a brokered deposit at December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2021, and which totaled $520.9 million at June 30, 2021, now meets the “primary purpose” exception to the deposit broker definition. Accordingly, these deposits are included in core deposits at June 30, 2021 and we no longer report these deposits as brokered deposits.

(7) Borrowings

Our borrowings and weighted average interest rates were as follows for the periods presented:


	June 30,				December 31,
	2021				2020
	Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate
By type of borrowing:
FHLB borrowings	$	—	—	%	$	382,000	0.35	%

Repurchase agreements	25,802		0.10		27,101		0.10
Federal funds purchased	—		—		277,000		0.11

Subordinated Notes - Bank	—		—		143,703		5.45
Subordinated Notes - 2029	270,451		4.18		270,284		4.17
Subordinated Notes - 2030	221,768		4.06		221,626		4.06

Total borrowings	$	518,021	3.92	%	$	1,321,714	2.25	%
By remaining period to maturity:
Less than one year	$	25,802	0.10	%	$	686,101	0.24	%




Greater than five years	492,219		4.13		635,613		4.43
Total borrowings	$	518,021	3.92	%	$	1,321,714	2.25	%

FHLB borrowings. As a member of the FHLB, the Bank may borrow up to a discounted percentage of the amount of eligible mortgages and securities that have been pledged as collateral under a blanket security agreement. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Bank had total residential mortgage and CRE loans pledged after discount of $6.1 billion and $6.5 billion, respectively. In addition to the pledged mortgages, the Bank had also pledged securities to secure borrowings, which are disclosed in Note 2. “Securities.” As of June 30, 2021, the Bank had unused borrowing capacity at the FHLB of $6.0 billion and may increase such borrowing capacity by pledging securities not required to be pledged for other purposes with a collateral value of approximately $2.4 billion.

Subordinated Notes - Bank. On April 1, 2021, we redeemed the remaining balance of subordinated notes - Bank. Effective April 1, 2021, the eligibility of the subordinated notes - Bank as qualifying Tier 2 capital decreased by 20%. In anticipation of this redemption, in the fourth quarter of 2020, we contributed $175.0 million as equity capital into the Bank.

(8) Derivatives

To facilitate interest rate swap contracts with customers (all of which are considered over-the-counter or “OTC”), we have entered into corresponding “back-to-back” interest rate swap contracts both on the OTC, and on futures markets such as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) and London Clearing House (“LCH”). At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the OTC derivatives are included in our consolidated financial statements at the gross fair value amount of the asset (included in other assets) and liability (included in other liabilities), which incorporates the change in the fair value of the contract since inception. The CME legally characterizes variation margin payments (a payment made based on changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap contracts) as a settlement, referred to as a settled-to-market (“STM”) transaction. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we posted cash collateral under STMs in the amounts


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of $64.0 million and $89.8 million, respectively, for the net change in fair value of our CME and LCH interest rate swap contracts. The decrease was mainly due to changes in the fair value of the underlying interest rate swap contracts, which may change daily, positively or negatively, mainly due to changes in interest rates.

We do not typically require our commercial customers to post cash or securities as collateral on their swaps. However, our swap contracts incorporate certain standard terms contained in the International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreement and loan documents whereby, in the event of default, we are permitted to access collateral supporting the loan relationship to recover any losses suffered on the derivative asset or liability.

Summary information as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 regarding these derivatives is presented below:


	Notional amount		Average maturity (in years)	Weighted average fixed rate		Weighted average variable rate	Fair value
June 30, 2021
Included in other assets:
Third-party interest rate swap	$	—					$	—
Customer interest rate swap	1,836,282						107,361
Total	$	1,836,282	4.11	4.42	%	1 m Libor + 2.21%	$	107,361
Included in other liabilities:
Third-party interest rate swap	$	1,836,282					$	43,354
Customer interest rate swap	—						—
Total	$	1,836,282	4.11	4.42	%	1 m Libor + 2.21%	$	43,354
December 31, 2020
Included in other assets:
Third-party interest rate swap	$	—					$	—
Customer interest rate swap	1,913,607						149,797
Total	$	1,913,607	4.40	4.44	%	1 m Libor + 2.20%	$	149,797
Included in other liabilities:
Third-party interest rate swap	$	1,913,607					$	60,004
Customer interest rate swap	—						—
Total	$	1,913,607	4.40	4.44	%	1 m Libor + 2.20%	$	60,004


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(9) Income Taxes

Actual income tax expense differs from the tax computed based on pre-tax income and the applicable statutory federal tax rate for the

following reasons:


	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Income before income tax expense	$	122,862		$	57,902		$	244,967		$	64,007
Tax at federal statutory rate of 21%	25,801			12,159			51,443			13,441
State and local income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	7,038			1,091			13,122			1,680
Tax exempt interest, net of disallowed interest	(5,800)			(7,493)			(11,577)			(14,902)
BOLI income	(1,043)			(1,034)			(2,047)			(2,145)

Low income housing tax credits and other benefits	(13,402)			(10,458)			(27,182)			(18,920)
Low income housing investment amortization expense	11,826			8,987			23,333			16,388
Tax rate adjustment benefit due to CARES Act net operating loss (“NOL”) carryback	—			—			—			(21,313)
Uncertain tax position reserve	—			—			—			11,480
Annual effective tax rate adjustment	—			3,862			—			12,110
Non-deductible compensation expense 1	421			—			1,061			—
Equity-based stock compensation (benefit) expense	(300)			287			(452)			778
FDIC insurance premium limitation	148			315			405			571
Other, net	(166)			(606)			(628)			(100)
Actual income tax expense (benefit)	$	24,523		$	7,110		$	47,478		$	(932)
Effective income tax rate	20.0		%	12.3		%	19.4		%	(1.5)		%

1 Includes $161 thousand in the three months ended June 30, 2021 and $678 thousand in the six months ended June 30, 2021 from the write-off of deferred tax assets related to the vesting of restricted stock that will not be deductible based on Section 162(m) limitations.

Net deferred tax liabilities were $30.3 million at June 30, 2021, compared to $43.3 million at December 31, 2020. The change was mainly due to the change in value of our available for sale securities in the first six months of 2021. No valuation allowance was recorded against any deferred tax assets as of those dates, based upon management’s evaluation of historical and anticipated future pre-tax income, and the reversal periods for the items resulting in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

As of June 30, 2021, the accrual for unrecognized gross tax benefits was as follows:


	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Uncertain tax positions beginning of period	$	7,000	$	11,480	$	7,000	$	—
Additions for tax positions related to prior tax years	—		—		—		11,480
Decrease due to settlement	—		—		—		—
Interest expense in tax positions	—		123		—		123
Uncertain tax positions at end of period	$	7,000	$	11,603	$	7,000	$	11,603


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Significant tax filings that remain open for examination include the following:

•Federal for tax years 2017 through present;

•New York State tax filings for tax years 2017 through present;

•New York City tax filings for tax years 2015 through present; and

•New Jersey State tax filings for tax years 2017 through present.

Generally speaking, we are no longer subject to examination by federal, state or local taxing authorities in respect of tax years prior to December 31, 2017.

Interest and/or penalties related to income taxes are reported as a component of other non-interest expense.

(10) Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes the activity in our stock-based compensation plan for the six months ended June 30, 2021:


		Non-vested stock awards/stock units outstanding			Stock options outstanding
	Shares available for grant	Number of shares	Weighted average grant date fair value		Number of shares	Weighted average exercise price
Balance at January 1, 2021	1,811,418	2,993,643	$	19.54	336,621	$	11.14
Amended 2015 Omnibus Equity and Incentive Plan	3,500,000	—	—		—	—
Granted	(1,138,246)	1,138,246	20.36		—	—
Stock awards vested	—	(825,909)	21.31		—	—
Exercised	—	—	—		(240,405)	10.74
Forfeited	38,924	(38,924)	19.02		—	—
Canceled/expired	31,109	(31.109)	20.85		—	—
Balance at June 30, 2021	4,243,205	3,235,947	$	19.37	96,216	$	12.13
Exercisable at June 30, 2021					96,216	$	12.13

On May 26, 2021, our stockholders approved the Amended and Restated 2015 Omnibus Equity and Incentive Plan (the “Amended Omnibus Plan”). The Amended Omnibus Plan increased the shares available for issuance to 10,500,000 from 7,000,000. We intend that the additional shares under the Amended Omnibus Plan will be made available from authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or from treasury shares. Shares awarded will be removed from the share reserve as of the grant date, and cancellations and forfeitures will be added back to the share reserve. Each grant of a stock option, stock appreciation right or other award will be counted as one (1) share against this limit. Pursuant to our Merger Agreement with Webster, we are required to obtain the prior written consent of Webster before we grant any shares under the Amended Omnibus Plan.

The total intrinsic value of outstanding in-the-money stock options, was $1.2 million at June 30, 2021, all of which are exercisable.

We use an option pricing model to estimate the grant date fair value of stock options granted. There were no stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2021 or June 30, 2020. As a result, we incurred no stock option expense during the six month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for all awards. Stock-based compensation expense associated with non-vested stock awards and the related income tax benefit, and proceeds from stock option exercises are


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presented below:


	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Stock options	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Non-vested stock awards/performance units	6,781		5,913		13,398		11,919
Non-vested stock awards/performance units	$	6,781	$	5,913	$	13,398	$	11,919
Income tax benefit	1,322		739		2,613		1,490
Proceeds from stock option exercises	1,829		101		2,581		515

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense as of June 30, 2021 was $41.4 million and is expected to be recognized over 1.72 years.

(11) Other Non-Interest Expense, Other Assets and Other Liabilities

(a) Other Non-Interest Expense

Other non-interest expense items for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, are presented in the following table:


	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Other non-interest expense:

Depreciation expense on operating leases	$	2,917	$	3,136	$	6,042	$	6,628
Advertising and promotion	1,960		1,140		3,668		3,123
Communications	1,323		1,320		2,750		2,950
Residential mortgage loans servicing	1,303		1,247		2,752		2,624
Commercial loan servicing	1,254		1,293		2,233		2,318

Insurance & surety bond premium	1,044		1,158		1,958		2,248

Operational losses	601		609		1,194		1,215

Other	5,069		8,138		9,926		13,589
Total other non-interest expense	$	15,471	$	18,041	$	30,523	$	34,695

(b) Other Assets

Other assets are presented in the following table. Significant components of the aggregate of other assets are presented separately.


	June 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Other assets:
Low income housing tax credit investments	$	492,298	$	488,303
Right of use asset for operating leases	100,145		105,667
Fair value of swaps	107,361		149,797
Cash on deposit as swap collateral / net of settlement	62,513		82,478
Operating leases - equipment and vehicles leased to others	46,116		55,224
Other asset balances	194,770		181,934
Total other assets	$	1,003,203	$	1,063,403

Other asset items include current income tax balances, prepaid insurance, prepaid property taxes, prepaid maintenance, accounts receivable and other miscellaneous assets.


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Other liabilities are presented in the following table. Significant components of the aggregate of other liabilities are presented separately.


	June 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Other liabilities:
Commitment to fund low income housing tax credit investments	$	259,405	$	283,849
Lease liability	106,070		113,405
Payroll finance and factoring liabilities	143,153		115,802
Swap liabilities (see Note 8)	43,354		60,004
Other liability balances	137,827		155,642
Total other liabilities	$	689,809	$	728,702

Other liability balances include deferred taxes, accrued interest payable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities mainly for compensation and benefit plans and other miscellaneous liabilities.

(12) Earnings Per Common Share

The following is a summary of the calculation of earnings per common share (“EPS”):


	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net income available to common stockholders	$	96,380	$	48,820	$	193,567	$	60,991
Weighted average common shares outstanding for computation of basic EPS	191,436,885		193,479,757		191,655,897		194,909,498
Common-equivalent shares due to the dilutive effect of stock options and unvested performance share grants(1)	856,104		124,674		800,920		259,059
Weighted average common shares for computation of diluted EPS	192,292,989		193,604,431		192,456,817		195,168,557
EPS(2):
Basic	$	0.50	$	0.25	$	1.01	$	0.31
Diluted	0.50		0.25		1.01		0.31

(1) Represents incremental shares computed using the treasury stock method.

(2) Anti-dilutive shares are not included in determining diluted EPS. There were no anti-dilutive shares in the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 305,014 and 79,589 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.

(13) Stockholders’ Equity

(a) Regulatory Capital Requirements

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines, and additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk-weighting, and other factors.

The Company’s and the Bank’s Common Equity Tier 1 capital consists of common stock and related paid-in capital, net of treasury stock, and retained earnings. In connection with the adoption of the Basel III Capital Rules, we elected to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of accumulated other comprehensive income in Common Equity Tier 1 capital. Common Equity Tier 1 capital for both the Company and the Bank is reduced by goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities and subject to transition provisions.

Tier 1 capital includes Common Equity Tier 1 capital and additional Tier 1 capital. Total capital includes Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital (as defined in the regulations) for both the Bank and Company includes a permissible portion of the ACL. Tier 2 capital at the Company also includes $492.2 million of the Subordinated Notes - Company. During the final five years of the term of the Subordinated Notes, the permissible portion eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 capital decreases by 20% annually.


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The Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios are calculated by dividing the respective capital amounts by risk-weighted assets (“RWA”). RWA is calculated based on regulatory requirements and includes total assets, excluding goodwill and other intangible assets, allocated by risk weight category, and certain off-balance-sheet items, among other items.

As permitted by the interim final rule issued on March 27, 2020 by our federal regulatory agency, we elected the option to delay the estimated impact of the adoption of CECL on our regulatory capital for two years. This two year delay is in addition to the three-year transition period the agency had already made available. The adoption will delay the effects of CECL on our regulatory capital for the next two years, after which the effects will be phased-in over a three year period from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2024. Under the interim final rule, the amount of adjustments to regulatory capital deferred until the phase-in period include both the initial impact of adoption of CECL at January 1, 2020 and 25% of subsequent changes in our ACL during each quarter of the two year period ending December 31, 2021.

The following tables present actual and required capital ratios as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 for the Company and the Bank under the Basel III Capital Rules. The minimum required capital amounts presented as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are based on the fully phased-in provisions of the Basel III Capital Rules. Capital levels required to be considered well-capitalized are based upon prompt corrective action regulations, as amended to reflect the changes under the Basel III Capital Rules.


	Actual				Minimum capital required - Basel III				Required to be considered well- capitalized
	Capital amount		Ratio		Capital amount		Ratio		Capital amount		Ratio
June 30, 2021
Common equity tier 1 to RWA:
Sterling National Bank	$	3,341,494	14.44	%	$	1,620,211	7.00	%	$	1,504,482	6.50	%
Sterling Bancorp	2,881,948		12.43		1,623,064		7.00		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital to RWA:
Sterling National Bank	3,341,494		14.44	%	1,967,400		8.50	%	1,851,670		8.00	%
Sterling Bancorp	3,018,172		13.02		1,970,864		8.50		N/A		N/A
Total capital to RWA:
Sterling National Bank	3,522,227		15.22	%	2,430,317		10.50	%	2,314,588		10.00	%
Sterling Bancorp	3,691,124		15.92		2,434,597		10.50		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 leverage ratio:
Sterling National Bank	3,341,494		12.10	%	1,105,002		4.00	%	1,381,253		5.00	%
Sterling Bancorp	3,018,172		10.91		1,106,661		4.00		N/A		N/A


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	Actual				Minimum capital required - Basel III fully phased-in				Required to be considered well- capitalized
	Capital amount		Ratio		Capital amount		Ratio		Capital amount		Ratio
December 31, 2020
Common equity tier 1 to RWA:
Sterling National Bank	$	3,198,145	13.38	%	$	1,673,516	7.00	%	$	1,553,979	6.50	%
Sterling Bancorp	2,727,385		11.39		1,675,747		7.00		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital to RWA:
Sterling National Bank	3,198,145		13.38	%	2,032,127		8.50	%	1,912,590		8.00	%
Sterling Bancorp	2,864,074		11.96		2,034,836		8.50		N/A		N/A
Total capital to RWA:
Sterling National Bank	3,521,458		14.73	%	2,510,274		10.50	%	2,390,737		10.00	%
Sterling Bancorp	3,638,033		15.20		2,513,621		10.50		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 leverage ratio:
Sterling National Bank	3,198,145		11.33	%	1,128,913		4.00	%	1,411,142		5.00	%
Sterling Bancorp	2,864,074		10.14		1,130,362		4.00		N/A		N/A

The Bank and the Company are subject to the regulatory capital requirements administered by the FRB, and, for the Bank, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Regulatory authorities can initiate certain mandatory actions if the Bank or the Company fails to meet the minimum capital requirements, which could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Company and the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the classification.

(14) Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

The contractual or notional amounts of these instruments, which reflect the extent of our involvement in particular classes of off-balance sheet financial instruments, are summarized as follows:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Loan origination commitments	$	596,603	$	641,965
Unused lines of credit	1,602,172		1,623,745
Letters of credit	171,237		181,890

We record ACL - off-balance sheet financial instrument exposures through a charge to other non-interest expense on our consolidated income statements. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the ACL - off-balance sheet financial instrument credit exposures was $6.7 million and was included in other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, credit loss expense for off-balance sheet financial instrument exposures was zero. Based on our review of quantitative and qualitative factors applicable to these financial instrument exposures, we did not record an increase in our off-balance sheet credit loss provision during the three or six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.


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(b) Leases

Future minimum payments for operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of June 30, 2021 were as follows:


Remainder of 2021	$	9,311
2022	18,174
2023	16,710
2024	14,895
2025	12,184
2026	11,054
2027 and thereafter	39,161
Total lease payments	121,489
Interest	15,419
Present value of lease liabilities	$	106,070

We and the Bank are involved in a number of judicial proceedings concerning matters arising from our and its business activities. These include routine legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. These proceedings also include actions brought against us and the Bank with respect to corporate matters and transactions in which we and the Bank are or were involved.

Following the Merger announcement, six civil actions were filed challenging, among other things, the adequacy of the disclosures contained in the preliminary proxy statement/prospectus filed by Webster with the SEC in connection with the proposed transaction. Five of these suits were filed by purported Sterling stockholders against Sterling and its Board and assert claims under Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act challenging the adequacy of the public disclosures made concerning the proposed transaction. One of these five suits also asserts a claim against Webster. The sixth suit was filed by a purported Webster stockholder against Webster and its board of directors and asserts similar claims against Webster. The plaintiffs in these actions seek, among other things, an injunction preventing the closing of the Merger, rescission of the Merger Agreement or damages in the event it is consummated, and the award of attorneys' fees and expenses. Sterling believes the claims asserted in these actions are without merit.

There can be no assurance as to the ultimate outcome of a legal proceeding; however, we and the Bank have generally denied liability in all significant litigation pending against us and intend to vigorously defend each case, other than matters that are determined appropriate to be settled. We and the Bank accrue a liability for legal claims when payments associated with the claims become probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. The actual costs of resolving legal claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts accrued for those claims. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had no significant amounts accrued in respect of pending litigation.

(15) Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in an orderly transaction occurring in the principal or most advantageous market for such asset or liability between market participants on the measurement date. In estimating fair value, we use valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach. Such valuation techniques are consistently applied. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy comprised of three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values.

Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated by, market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs for determining the fair value of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

In general, fair value is based on quoted market prices, when available. If quoted market prices in active markets are not available, fair value is based on internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments may include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality and our creditworthiness, among other things, as well as unobservable parameters. Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time. Our valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While management believes its valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. Furthermore, the reported fair value amounts have not been comprehensively revalued since the presentation dates, and therefore, estimates of fair value after the balance sheet date may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein. A more detailed description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value is set forth below. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized on the actual date of the event or circumstances that caused the transfer, which generally coincide with our monthly and/or quarterly valuation process.

AFS Investment Securities

All of our available for sale investment securities are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For these securities, we obtain fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the securities’ terms and conditions, among other things.

We review the prices supplied by the independent pricing service, as well as their underlying pricing methodologies, for reasonableness and to ensure such prices are aligned with traditional pricing matrices. In general, we do not purchase investment securities that have a complicated structure. Our entire portfolio consists of traditional investments, nearly all of which are mortgage pass-through securities, state and municipal general obligation or revenue bonds, U.S. agency bullet and callable securities and corporate bonds. Pricing for such instruments is fairly generic and is easily obtained. From time to time, we validate, on a sample basis, prices supplied by the independent pricing service by comparison to prices obtained from third-party sources or derived using internal models.

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, management did not believe any of our securities are other-than-temporarily-impaired; however, management reviews all of our securities on at least a quarterly basis to assess whether impairment, if any, is other than temporary.

Derivatives

The fair values of derivatives are based on valuation models using current observable market data (including interest rates and fees), the remaining terms of the agreements and the credit worthiness of the counterparty as of the measurement date, which are considered Level 2 inputs. Our derivatives may be traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available. Our derivatives at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consisted of interest rate swaps. See Note 8. “Derivatives” for additional information.

A summary of assets and liabilities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis, is as follows:


	June 30, 2021
	Fair value		Level 1 inputs		Level 2 inputs		Level 3 inputs
Assets:
Investment securities available for sale:
Residential MBS:
Agency-backed	$	916,923	$	—	$	916,923	$	—
CMOs/Other MBS	274,560		—		274,560		—
Total residential MBS	1,191,483		—		1,191,483		—
Other securities:
Federal agencies	384,819		—		384,819		—
Corporate	715,142		—		715,142		—
State and municipal	379,556		—		379,556		—


Total other securities	1,479,517		—		1,479,517		—
Total AFS	2,671,000		—		2,671,000		—
Swaps	107,361		—		107,361		—
Total assets	$	2,778,361	$	—	$	2,778,361	$	—
Liabilities:
Swaps	$	43,354	$	—	$	43,354	$	—
Total liabilities	$	43,354	$	—	$	43,354	$	—


	December 31, 2020
	Fair value		Level 1 inputs		Level 2 inputs		Level 3 inputs
Assets:
Investment securities available for sale:
Residential MBS:
Agency-backed	$	918,260	$	—	$	918,260	$	—
CMOs/Other MBS	373,284		—		373,284		—

Total residential MBS	1,291,544		—		1,291,544		—

Federal agencies	156,467		—		156,467		—
Corporate	463,512		—		463,512		—
State and municipal	387,095		—		387,095		—


Total other securities	1,007,074		—		1,007,074		—
Total AFS	2,298,618		—		2,298,618		—
Swaps	149,797		—		149,797		—
Total assets	$	2,448,415	$	—	$	2,448,415	$	—
Liabilities:
Swaps	$	60,004	$	—	$	60,004	$	—
Total liabilities	$	60,004	$	—	$	60,004	$	—

The following categories of financial assets are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances.

Collateral Dependent Loans

For collateral dependent loans, which are presented in the table below, where we determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and we expect repayment of the loan to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. For real estate loans, the fair value of the loan’s collateral is determined by third party appraisals, which are then adjusted for the estimated selling and closing costs related to liquidation of the collateral. The unobservable inputs may vary depending on the individual assets. We review third party appraisals for appropriateness and adjust the value downward to consider selling and closing costs, which generally range from 4% to 10% of the appraised value. For non-real estate loans, fair value of the loan’s collateral may be determined using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business.


	June 30, 2021
	Fair value		Level 1 inputs		Level 2 inputs		Level 3 inputs
Traditional C&I	$	2,976	$	—	$	—	$	2,976

Payroll finance	652		—		—		652

Equipment financing	3,174		—		—		3,174
CRE	24,123		—		—		24,123

ADC	25,000		—		—		25,000
Residential mortgage	549		—		—		549
Consumer	3,189		—		—		3,189
Total collateral dependent loans measured at fair value	$	59,663	$	—	$	—	$	59,663


	December 31, 2020
	Fair value		Level 1 inputs		Level 2 inputs		Level 3 inputs
Traditional C&I	$	10,916	$	—	$	—	$	10,916
ABL	1,899		—		—		1,899
Payroll finance	2,300		—		—		2,300


CRE	27,323		—		—		27,323


Residential mortgage	1,307		—		—		1,307
Consumer	3,593		—		—		3,593
Total collateral dependent loans measured at fair value	$	47,338	$	—	$	—	$	47,338

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following is a summary of the carrying amounts and estimated fair value of financial assets and liabilities (none of which were held for trading purposes) as of June 30, 2021:


	June 30, 2021
	Carrying amount		Level 1 inputs		Level 2 inputs		Level 3 inputs
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	487,409	$	487,409	$	—	$	—
Securities AFS	2,671,000		—		2,671,000		—
Securities HTM, net	1,695,470		—		1,813,262		—
Loans held for sale	19,088		—		19,088		—
Portfolio loans, net	20,409,224		—		—		20,362,871
Accrued interest receivable on securities	28,428		—		28,428		—
Accrued interest receivable on loans	68,300		—		—		68,300
FHLB stock and FRB stock	151,443		—		—		—
Swaps	107,361		—		107,361		—
Financial liabilities:
Non-maturity deposits	21,712,958		21,712,958		—		—
Certificates of deposit	1,433,753		—		1,432,649		—


Other borrowings	25,802		—		25,801		—


Subordinated Notes - Company	492,219		—		525,679		—
Mortgage escrow funds	66,521		—		66,521		—
Accrued interest payable on deposits	529		—		529		—
Accrued interest payable on borrowings	1,484		—		1,484		—
Swaps	43,354		—		43,354		—

The following is a summary of the carrying amounts and estimated fair value of financial assets and liabilities (none of which were held for trading purposes) as of December 31, 2020:


	December 31, 2020
	Carrying amount		Level 1 inputs		Level 2 inputs		Level 3 inputs
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	305,002	$	305,002	$	—	$	—
Securities AFS	2,298,618		—		2,298,618		—
Securities HTM	1,740,838		—		1,874,504		—
Loans held for sale	11,749		—		11,749		—
Portfolio loans, net	21,522,309		—		—		21,791,489
Accrued interest receivable on securities	26,508		—		26,508		—
Accrued interest receivable on loans	70,997		—		—		70,997
FHLB stock and FRB stock	166,190		—		—		—
Swaps	149,797		—		149,797		—
Financial liabilities:
Non-maturity deposits	21,122,692		21,122,692		—		—
Certificates of deposit	1,996,830		—		2,002,702		—
FHLB borrowings	382,000		—		382,000		—
Other borrowings	304,101		—		304,101		—

Subordinated Notes - Bank	143,703		—		145,870		—
Subordinated Notes - Company	491,910		—		506,497		—
Mortgage escrow funds	59,686		—		59,686		—
Accrued interest payable on deposits	1,068		—		1,068		—
Accrued interest payable on borrowings	3,425		—		3,425		—
Swaps	60,004		—		60,004		—

(16) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Components of accumulated other comprehensive income were as follows as of the dates shown below:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Net unrealized holding gain on available for sale securities	$	95,960	$	115,523
Related income tax expense	(26,523)		(31,931)
Available for sale securities, net of tax	69,437		83,592
Net unrealized holding loss on securities transferred to held to maturity	(263)		(348)
Related income tax benefit	73		96
Securities transferred to held to maturity, net of tax	(190)		(252)
Net unrealized holding (loss) gain on retirement plans	(481)		2,040
Related income tax benefit (expense)	133		(564)
Retirement plans, net of tax	(348)		1,476
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	68,899	$	84,816


Table of Contents			STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands within tabular disclosure, except share and per share data)

The following table presents the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:


	Net unrealized holding gain on available for sale securities		Net unrealized holding (loss) on securities transferred to held to maturity		Net unrealized holding (loss) gain on retirement plans		Total
For the three months ended June 30, 2021
Balance beginning of the period	$	58,523	$	(219)	$	(713)	$	57,591

Other comprehensive income before reclassification	10,914		—		—		10,914

Amounts reclassified from AOCI	—		29		365		394
Total other comprehensive income	10,914		29		365		11,308
Balance at end of period	$	69,437	$	(190)	$	(348)	$	68,899
For the three months ended June 30, 2020
Balance beginning of the period	$	67,249	$	(468)	$	840	$	67,621

Other comprehensive income before reclassification	21,242		—		—		21,242

Amounts reclassified from AOCI	(351)		43		55		(253)
Total other comprehensive income	20,891		43		55		20,989
Balance at end of period	$	88,140	$	(425)	$	895	$	88,610
Location in consolidated income statements where reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income is included	Net (loss) gain on sale of securities		Interest income on securities		Other non-interest expense


The following table presents the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:
	Net unrealized holding (loss) gain on available for sale securities		Net unrealized holding (loss) gain on securities transferred to held to maturity		Net unrealized holding gain (loss) on retirement plans		Total
For the six months ended June 30, 2021
Balance beginning of the period	$	83,592	$	(252)	$	1,476	$	84,816

Other comprehensive loss before reclassification	(13,644)		—		—		(13,644)

Amounts reclassified from AOCI	(511)		62		(1,824)		(2,273)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(14,155)		62		(1,824)		(15,917)
Balance at end of period	$	69,437	$	(190)	$	(348)	$	68,899
For the six months ended June 30, 2020
Balance beginning of the period	$	38,056	$	(538)	$	2,698	$	40,216

Other comprehensive income before reclassification	56,521		—		—		56,521

Amounts reclassified from AOCI	(6,437)		113		(1,803)		(8,127)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	50,084		113		(1,803)		48,394
Balance at end of period	$	88,140	$	(425)	$	895	$	88,610
Location in consolidated income statements where reclassification from AOCI is included	Net (loss) gain on sale of securities		Interest income on securities		Other non-interest expense

(17) Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)” (“ASU 2020-04”) provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to loan and lease agreements, derivative contracts, and other transactions affected by the anticipated transition away from LIBOR toward new interest rate benchmarks. Subject to certain conditions, where an agreement, contract or transaction is modified in connection with


Table of Contents			STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands within tabular disclosure, except share and per share data)

the reference rate reform, the guidance permits: (i) modifications of loan agreements should be accounted for by prospectively adjusting the effective interest rate and the modification will be considered “minor” so that any existing unamortized origination fees/costs would carry forward and continue to be amortized and (ii) modifications of lease agreements should be accounted for as a continuation of the existing agreement with no reassessments of the lease classification and the discount rate or remeasurements of lease payments that otherwise would be required for modifications not accounted for as separate contracts. ASU 2020-04 also provides numerous optional expedients for derivative accounting. ASU 2020-04 is effective March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. We may elect to apply ASU 2020-04 for contract modifications as of January 1, 2020, or prospectively from a date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, up to the date that the financial statements are available to be issued. Once optional expedients are elected for a Topic or an Industry Subtopic within the Codification, the amendments in this ASU must be applied prospectively for all eligible contract modifications for that Topic or Industry Subtopic. We anticipate this ASU will simplify any LIBOR transition related modifications we execute between the selected start date (yet to be determined) and December 31, 2022 by allowing prospective recognition of the continuation of the contract. We are evaluating the impacts of this ASU and have not yet determined whether the LIBOR transition and our adoption of this ASU will have a material effect on our business operations and consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope.” (“ASU 2021-01”) clarifies that all derivative instruments affected by changes to the interest rates used for discounting, margining or contract price alignment due to reference rate reform are in the scope of ASC 848. Entities may apply certain optional expedients in ASC 848 to derivative instruments that do not reference LIBOR or another rate expected to be discontinued as a result of reference rate reform if there is a change to the interest rate used for discounting, margining or contract price alignment. ASU 2021-01 also clarifies other aspects of ASC 848 and provides new guidance on how to address the effects of the cash compensation adjustment that is provided as part of the above change on certain aspects of hedge accounting. ASU 2021-01 is effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022, similar to the rest of the relief provided under ASC 848. As we currently do not utilize hedge accounting, the guidance on hedge accounting is not expected to have a material effect on our business operations and consolidated financial statements.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

We make statements in this report, and we may from time to time make other statements, regarding our outlook or expectations for earnings, revenues, expenses and/or other financial, business or strategic matters regarding or affecting us that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “outlook,” “target,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” by future conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would,” “could” or “may,” or by variations of such words or by similar expressions. These statements are not historical facts, but instead represent our current expectations, plans or forecasts and are based on the beliefs and assumptions of management and the information available to management at the time that these disclosures were prepared.

Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks (both known and unknown) and uncertainties, and other factors which change over time. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. We do not assume any duty and do not undertake to update our forward-looking statements. Because forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions, risks, uncertainties, and other factors, actual results or future events could differ, possibly materially, from those that we anticipated in our forward-looking statements, and future results could differ materially from our historical performance.

The factors described in Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors of this report or otherwise described in our filings with the SEC, provide examples of risks, uncertainties and events that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in our forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to:

•risk related to the merger and integration of the Company into Webster including, among others, (i) failure to complete the merger with Webster or unexpected delays related to the merger or either party’s inability to obtain regulatory or stockholder approvals or satisfy other closing conditions required to complete the merger, (ii) expenses related to the proposed merger, (iii) a fluctuation in the market price of Webster’s common stock causing our stockholders not to be certain of the precise value of merger consideration, (iv) stockholder litigation that could prevent or delay the closing of the proposed merger or otherwise negatively impact the Company’s business and operations, (v) the risk that the cost savings and any revenue synergies from the merger may not be fully realized or may take longer than anticipated to be realized, (vi) the risk that the integration of each party's operations will be materially delayed or will be more costly or difficult than expected or that the parties are otherwise unable to successfully integrate each party's businesses into the other's businesses, and (vii) deposit attrition, customer loss and/or revenue loss following the completed merger that exceeds expectations;

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

•our ability to successfully implement growth and other strategic initiatives and reduce expenses;

•oversight of the Bank by various federal regulators;

•adverse publicity, regulatory actions or litigation with respect to us or other well-known companies and the financial services industry in general and a failure to satisfy regulatory standards;

•the effects of and changes in monetary policies of the FRB and the U.S. Government, respectively;

•our ability to make accurate assumptions and judgments about an appropriate level of ACL - loans and the collectability of our loan portfolio, including changes in the level and trend of loan delinquencies and write-offs that may lead to increased losses and non-performing assets in our loan portfolio, result in our ACL - loans not being adequate to cover actual losses, and require us to materially increase our reserves;

•our use of estimates in determining the fair value of certain of our assets, which may prove to be incorrect and result in significant declines in valuation;

•our ability to manage changes in market interest rates;

•our ability to capitalize on our substantial investments in our information technology and operational infrastructure and systems;

•changes in other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, and technological factors affecting our markets, operations, pricing, products, services and fees;

•the ongoing trajectory of COVID-19 and the extent to and speed at which the global economy recovers, the nature and extent of ongoing governmental measures to contain the pandemic, the speed and efficacy of the vaccine roll out in New York state and nationally, the availability of our colleagues, the impact on our clients and vendors, including the continued ability of our borrowers to repay their borrowings in accordance with loan terms, and the potential impact of a more severe or prolonged dampening in demand for our products; and

•our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing and managing our business.

These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating our forward-looking statements, and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements.

Impact of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant economic disruption adversely affecting our business and the business of our clients. We experienced a material decline in revenues in the second quarter of 2020, as a result of the decline in market interest rates, dampened demand for our lending products in our target markets and a significant decline in transactional activity in our receivables management and payroll businesses. We saw a recovery in our revenues during the second half of 2020 and into the first half of 2021, as business conditions improved, driving increased demand for our products and an increase in the amount of new business generated. Although loan origination activity has continued to recover in the second quarter of 2021, prepayment activity in certain portfolios remained elevated, which impacted our earning asset balances.

Our consolidated financial statements reflect estimates and assumptions we make that impact the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, including the amount of the ACL we establish. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the severe deterioration in macro-economic conditions that has resulted from it and the ongoing governmental measures needed to contain it, had a material adverse effect on the amount of our provision for credit losses - loans in 2020. Our provision for credit loss is discussed further below in “Results of Operations - Provision for Credit Losses - Loans.”

There is still significant uncertainty concerning the ongoing trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic and the speed at which the national and local economy will recover, and the extent to which COVID-19 will continue to adversely affect our business will depend on numerous evolving factors and future developments that we are not able to predict, including the new Delta variant of COVID-19 (which appears to be the most transmissible variant to date), the effectiveness of continuing containment measures, including the speed of the ongoing vaccine distribution effort, the efficacy of the various vaccines, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.

LIBOR Transition and Phase-Out

We have a significant amount of loans, borrowings and swaps that are tied to LIBOR benchmark interest rates. It is anticipated that the LIBOR index will be phased out by the end of 2021 and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York has established the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its recommended alternative to LIBOR. We have created a sub-committee of our Asset Liability Management Committee to address LIBOR transition and phase out issues. This committee includes personnel from legal, loan operations, risk, IT, credit, business intelligence, treasury, corporate banking, marketing, audit, accounting and corporate development. We are currently reviewing loan documentation, technology systems and procedures we will need to implement for the transition.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

General

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to assist the reader in understanding our financial condition and results of operations. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included in Part I, Item 1 of this report and with our audited consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 2020 Form 10-K. Operating results discussed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results of any future period.

Tax equivalent adjustments are the result of increasing the income from tax exempt securities by an amount equal to the federal taxes that would be paid if the income were fully taxable based on a 21% effective income tax rate.

Dollar amounts in tables are stated in thousands, except for share and per share amounts and ratios.

Overview and Management Strategy

The Bank operates as a regional bank providing a broad offering of deposit, lending and wealth management products to commercial, consumer and municipal clients in the Greater New York metropolitan area and nationally. The Bank targets the following geographic markets: (i) the New York Metro Market, which includes Manhattan and Long Island; and (ii) the New York Suburban Market, which includes Rockland, Orange, Sullivan, Ulster and Westchester Counties in New York and Bergen County in New Jersey. Through our asset-based lending, payroll finance, warehouse lending, factored receivables, equipment finance and public sector finance businesses the Bank also originates loans and deposits in select markets nationally including California, Connecticut, Michigan, Texas and Illinois. We believe the Bank operates in an attractive footprint that presents us with significant opportunities to execute our strategy of targeting small and middle market commercial clients and affluent consumers. We believe that this is a client segment that is underserved by larger bank competitors in our market area.

Our primary strategic objective is to generate sustainable growth in revenue and earnings over time while driving positive operating leverage. We define operating leverage, which is a non-GAAP measurement, as the ratio of growth in adjusted total revenue divided by growth in adjusted total operating expenses. To achieve this goal, we focus on the following initiatives:

•Target specific “high value” client segments and industry sectors in which we have competitive advantages and can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns.

•Deploy a single point of contact, relationship-based distribution strategy through our commercial banking teams, business banking teams and financial centers, in which our colleagues are directly responsible for managing all aspects of the client relationship and experience.

•Augment our distribution and client coverage strategy with a contemporary digital product and service offering that provides our commercial and consumer clients with the flexibility to self-serve or interact with us through various channels.

•Expand into new technology-enabled, growth-oriented business verticals, including direct banking offerings and leverage our platform and technology to provide banking to other financial services providers (“Banking as a Service”).

•Invest in technology to build a robust operating platform that uses artificial intelligence and related automation tools to maximize efficiency.

•Create a high productivity culture through differentiated compensation programs based on a pay-for-performance philosophy.

•Maintain and continue to enhance our strong risk management systems and proactively manage enterprise risk.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Recent Developments

On April 18, 2021 Sterling and Webster entered into a definitive Merger Agreement, pursuant to which we and Webster have agreed to combine our respective companies in an all stock merger of equals. The Merger Agreement provides that, upon the terms and subsequent conditions set forth therein, we will merge with and into Webster, with Webster continuing as the surviving entity, in a transaction we refer to as the “Merger”. The Merger Agreement was approved by the boards of directors of Sterling and Webster, and is subject to stockholder and regulator approval and other customary closing conditions.

Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, stockholders of Sterling will receive 0.463 of a share of Webster for each share of Sterling common stock they own. After the merger, it is anticipated that Webster shareholders will own approximately 50.4% and Sterling stockholders will own approximately 49.6% of the combined company. The combined company will have approximately $64 billion of assets, $42 billion in loans and $52 billion in deposits. We are progressing with our integration efforts and have identified the senior leadership of the combined company. In addition, we have filed the proxy statement / prospectus and are requesting stockholders approval of the Merger on or before August 17, 2021. The transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Performance Summary
For the second quarter of 2021, we reported net income available to common stockholders of $96.4 million, or $0.50 per diluted share, and adjusted net income available to common stockholders of $100.4 million, or $0.52 per diluted share. While we continue to operate in a low interest rate environment, for the second quarter of 2021, we reported net interest income of $218.5 million, an increase of $5.2 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020. In the second quarter of 2021, as compared to the second quarter of 2020, accretion income on acquired loans declined by $2.3 million, and loan yields declined by 15 basis points, while our cost of funding liabilities declined by 43 basis points. Our tax equivalent net interest margin, excluding purchase accounting adjustments, increased 25 basis points to 3.30% and our reported net interest margin on a tax equivalent basis was 3.42% an increase of 22 basis points over the period ended June 30, 2020.

Our adjusted non-interest expenses were $109.7 million in the second quarter of 2021, an increase of $1.9 million over the quarter ended June 30, 2020. The increase was mainly due to increases in compensation, professional fees and information technology costs partially offset by lower foreclosed property expense, regulatory assessments and occupancy expenses. For the second quarter of 2021, our reported operating efficiency ratio was 48.5% and our adjusted operating efficiency ratio was 44.1%.

For the three months ended June 30, 2021, our provision for credit losses - loans expense was $6.0 million and our ACL - loans was $314.9 million, which represented 1.52% of total loans and 181.7% of non-performing loans. Net charge-offs in the second quarter were $14.3 million.

At June 30, 2021, total portfolio loans were $20.7 billion, a decrease of $1.1 billion from December 31, 2020, which was mainly due to a $724.1 million decline in warehouse lending, the impact of $192.5 million in loan sales and pay downs of PPP loans amounting to $133.8 million. A slowdown in mortgage refinance activity was the primary driver of the decline in our mortgage warehouse balances while the low interest rate environment and heightened competition for earning assets has contributed to an increase in the level of pay downs in certain portfolios. Our loans to deposits ratio was 89.5% at quarter end.

Total deposits were $23.1 billion at June 30, 2021, an increase of $27.2 million from December 31, 2020. Our cost of total deposits declined four basis points relative to the linked quarter, while cost of interest-bearing deposits declined five basis points. In the six months ended June 30, 2021, FHLB and other short-term borrowings declined $382.0 million and brokered deposits declined $1.1 billion.

On April 1, 2021, we completed the previously announced redemption of Subordinated Notes - Bank with a principal balance of $145.0 million and coupon interest rate of 5.25%.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our accounting and reporting policies are prepared in accordance with GAAP and conform to general practices within the banking industry. Accounting policies considered critical to our financial results include the ACL - loans, accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets and accounting for deferred income taxes. For additional information on our significant accounting policies, see Note 1. “Basis of Financial Statement Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the notes to consolidated financial statements in the 2020 Form 10-K.

ACL - Loans. We consider the methodology for determining the ACL - loans to be a critical accounting policy due to the high degree of judgment involved, the subjectivity of the assumptions utilized and the potential for changes in the economic environment that could

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

result in changes to the amount of the ACL - loans considered necessary. The balance recorded for the allowance represents our estimate of the net amount not expected to be collected on portfolio loans at the balance sheet date. The ACL - loans is mainly comprised of reserves on individual assets estimated by our valuation models. Mortgage warehouse loans and certain consumer loans are evaluated on a pool level basis as each portfolio has common risk characteristics. Generally, all other portfolio loans are evaluated individually for expected credit loss. In addition to quantitative amounts as determined by our valuation models, we apply a qualitative factors overlay that incorporates trends and conditions and factors that the models may not fully capture in our judgement. Our methodologies for estimating the ACL - loans considers available relevant information about the collectibility of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets. We record goodwill as the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in accordance with GAAP. Typically, we perform our annual intangible assets impairment test in the fourth quarter. Due to the impact of the pandemic, we performed the annual intangible assets impairment test during the second quarter of 2020. We engaged an independent third-party to evaluate the fair value of the Company compared to its carrying value. The results concluded that goodwill and intangible asset impairment did not exist. Fair value was estimated mainly using a discounted cash flow analysis. Significant assumptions included in the discounted cash flow analysis were the following:

•management financial projections for the period 2020 through 2024;

•earnings retention based on maintaining minimum tangible common capital ratio of 8.00%;

•operating expense cost savings estimated at 10.0%; and

•capitalization rate of 9.5% based on a 12.5% discount rate less estimated terminal growth of 3.0%.

See Note 5. “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for additional information regarding our goodwill impairment test. We will continue to monitor and evaluate the impact of COVID-19, economic conditions and other triggering events that may indicate an impairment of goodwill in the future. In the event that we conclude that all or a portion of our goodwill or intangible assets are impaired, a non-cash charge for the amount of such impairment would be recorded to earnings. Such a charge would have no impact on tangible capital or regulatory capital ratios.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Selected financial condition data, statement of operations data, per share data, performance ratios, capital ratios, and asset quality data and ratios for the comparable periods are presented as follows:


	At or for the three months ended June 30,				At or for the six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
End of period balances:
AFS and HTM securities, net	$	4,366,470	$	4,548,078	$	4,366,470	$	4,548,078
Portfolio loans	20,724,097		22,295,267		20,724,097		22,295,267
Total assets	29,143,918		30,839,893		29,143,918		30,839,893
Non-interest bearing deposits	5,963,828		5,407,728		5,963,828		5,407,728
Interest bearing deposits	17,182,883		18,192,893		17,182,883		18,192,893
Total deposits	23,146,711		23,600,621		23,146,711		23,600,621
Borrowings	518,021		2,014,259		518,021		2,014,259
Stockholders’ equity	4,722,856		4,484,187		4,722,856		4,484,187
Tangible common stockholders’ equity (“TCE”)1	2,817,138		2,561,599		2,817,138		2,561,599
Average balances:
AFS and HTM securities, net	$	4,322,126	$	4,630,056	$	4,189,290	$	4,838,315
Total loans2	20,843,661		21,940,636		21,067,859		21,573,406
Total assets	29,390,977		30,732,914		29,486,261		30,608,673
Non-interest bearing deposits	5,747,679		5,004,907		5,635,233		4,675,713
Interest bearing deposits	17,768,996		18,459,030		17,896,484		18,402,541
Total deposits and mortgage escrow	23,516,675		23,463,937		23,531,717		23,078,254
Borrowings	527,272		2,101,016		623,919		2,340,969
Stockholders’ equity	4,670,718		4,464,403		4,643,838		4,485,470
TCE1	2,762,292		2,538,842		2,733,420		2,557,700
Selected operating data:
Total interest and dividend income	$	230,310	$	253,226	$	464,157	$	526,753
Total interest expense	11,783		39,927		27,716		101,682
Net interest income	218,527		213,299		436,441		425,071
Provision for credit losses	5,250		56,606		15,250		194,886
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	213,277		156,693		421,191		230,185
Total non-interest income	30,214		26,090		62,570		73,416
Total non-interest expense	120,629		124,881		238,794		239,594
Income before income tax	122,862		57,902		244,967		64,007
Income tax expense (benefit)	24,523		7,110		47,478		(932)
Net income	98,339		50,792		197,489		64,939
Preferred stock dividend	1,959		1,972		3,922		3,948
Net income available to common stockholders	$	96,380	$	48,820	$	193,567	$	60,991

Per share data:
Reported basic EPS (GAAP)	$	0.50	$	0.25	$	1.01	$	0.31
Reported diluted EPS (GAAP)	0.50		0.25		1.01		0.31
Adjusted diluted EPS1 (non-GAAP)	0.52		0.29		1.02		0.28
Dividends declared per common share	0.07		0.07		0.14		0.14
Book value per share	23.80		22.35		23.80		22.35
Tangible book value per common share1	14.62		13.17		14.62		13.17

See legend on following page.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES


	At or for the three months ended June 30,						At or for the six months ended June 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Common shares outstanding:
Shares outstanding at period end	192,715,433			194,458,805			192,715,433			194,458,805
Weighted average shares basic	191,436,885			193,479,757			191,655,897			194,909,498
Weighted average shares diluted	192,292,989			193,604,431			192,456,817			195,168,557
Other data:
Full time equivalent employees at period end	1,491			1,617			1,491			1,617
Financial centers at period end	72			78			72			78
Performance ratios:
Return on average assets	1.32		%	0.64		%	1.32		%	0.40		%
Return on average equity	8.28			4.40			8.41			2.73
Reported return on average tangible assets1	1.40			0.68			1.41			0.42
Adjusted return on average tangible assets1	1.46			0.79			1.43			0.38
Reported return on average TCE1	13.99			7.73			14.28			4.78
Adjusted return on average TCE1	14.58			9.02			14.52			4.21
Reported operating efficiency1	48.5			52.2			47.9			48.1
Adjusted operating efficiency1	44.1			45.1			44.2			43.7
Net interest margin-GAAP	3.38			3.15			3.38			3.15
Net interest margin-tax equivalent3	3.42			3.20			3.43			3.20
Capital ratios (Company)4:
Tier 1 leverage ratio	10.91		%	9.51		%	10.91		%	9.51		%
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio	12.43			11.00			12.43			11.00
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	13.02			11.57			13.02			11.57
Total risk-based capital ratio	15.92			14.20			15.92			14.20
Tangible equity to tangible assets	10.79			9.29			10.79			9.29
Tangible common equity to tangible assets1	10.29			8.82			10.29			8.82
Regulatory capital ratios (Bank)4:
Tier 1 leverage ratio	12.10		%	10.09		%	12.10		%	10.09		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	14.44			12.24			14.44			12.24
Total risk-based capital ratio	15.22			13.85			15.22			13.85
Asset quality data and ratios:
Allowance for credit - loans	$	314,873		$	365,489		$	314,873		$	365,489
Non-performing loans (“NPLs”)	173,319			260,605			173,319			260,605
Non-performing assets (“NPAs”)	174,135			269,270			174,135			269,270
Net charge-offs	14,313			17,561			27,227			24,516
NPAs to total assets	0.60		%	0.87		%	0.60		%	0.87		%
NPLs to total loans5	0.84			1.17			0.84			1.17
Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans	181.67			140.25			181.67			140.25
Allowance for loan losses to total loans4	1.52			1.64			1.52			1.64
Annualized net charge-offs to average loans	0.28			0.32			0.26			0.24
__________________
1 See a reconciliation of as reported financial measures to as adjusted (non-GAAP) financial measures beginning on page 62 below under the caption “Supplemental Reporting of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
2 Includes loans held for sale but excludes the ACL.
3 Tax equivalent basis represents interest income earned on municipal securities divided by the applicable Federal tax rate of 21%.
4 We elected the five-year capital phase-in option. The phase-in option is further discussed in Note 13. “Stockholders’ Equity - (a) Regulatory Capital Requirements” in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
5 Total loans excludes loans held for sale.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Results of Operations

For the three months ended June 30, 2021, we reported net income available to common stockholders of $96.4 million, or $0.50 per diluted common share, compared to net income available to common stockholders of $48.8 million, or $0.25 per diluted common share, for the three months ended June 30, 2020.

Details of the changes in the various components of net income available to common stockholders are further discussed below.

Net Interest Income is the difference between interest income on earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense on liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, which are used to fund those assets. Net interest income is our largest source of revenue, representing 87.9% and 89.1% of total revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, respectively. Net interest margin is the ratio of taxable equivalent net interest income to average earning assets for the period. The level of interest rates and the volume and mix of earning assets and interest bearing liabilities impact net interest income and net interest margin.

We are primarily funded by core deposits, which include transactional accounts for retail, commercial and municipal clients, money market and savings accounts and certificates of deposit accounts, including reciprocal brokered deposits, but exclude other brokered and wholesale deposits. As of June 30, 2021, we considered 97.7% of our total deposits to be core deposits compared to 92.8% at June 30, 2020. The increase in core deposits was mainly due to the reclassification of one deposit relationship that met the “primary purpose” exception of the relevant guidance. See Note 6. “Deposits” for more information. Non-interest bearing demand deposits were $6.0 billion of our total deposits at June 30, 2021, compared to $5.4 billion at June 30, 2020.

The following tables set forth average balances, interest, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated. All average balances are daily average balances. Non-accrual loans were included in the computation of the respective average balance of the particular loan type, but have been reflected in the table as loans carrying a zero yield. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees, discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or expense.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES


	For the three months ended June 30,
	2021							2020
	Average balance			Interest		Yield/Rate		Average balance			Interest		Yield/Rate
Interest earning assets:
Traditional C&I and commercial finance loans	$	8,269,192		$	76,983	3.73	%	$	8,791,024		$	84,192	3.85	%
CRE (includes multi-family)	10,331,355			103,225		4.01		10,404,643			106,408		4.11
ADC	645,094			6,650		4.13		519,517			5,762		4.46
Commercial loans	19,245,641			186,858		3.89		19,715,184			196,362		4.01
Consumer loans	170,965			1,712		4.02		219,052			2,233		4.10
Residential mortgage loans	1,427,055			13,115		3.68		2,006,400			21,309		4.25
Total gross loans1	20,843,661			201,685		3.88		21,940,636			219,904		4.03
Securities taxable	2,378,213			15,749		2.66		2,507,384			18,855		3.02
Securities non-taxable	1,943,913			14,833		3.05		2,122,672			16,242		3.06
Interest earning deposits	651,271			164		0.10		455,626			146		0.13
FRB and FHLB stock	151,877			994		2.63		213,796			1,490		2.80
Total securities and other earning assets	5,125,274			31,740		2.48		5,299,478			36,733		2.79
Total interest earning assets	25,968,935			233,425		3.61		27,240,114			256,637		3.79
Non-interest earning assets	3,422,042							3,492,800
Total assets	$	29,390,977						$	30,732,914
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing demand deposits	$	4,964,386		$	1,614	0.13	%	$	4,766,298		$	4,806	0.41	%
Savings deposits2	2,777,651			531		0.08		2,890,402			2,418		0.34
Money market deposits	8,508,735			3,140		0.15		8,035,750			11,711		0.59
Certificates of deposit	1,518,224			1,413		0.37		2,766,580			9,175		1.33
Total interest bearing deposits	17,768,996			6,698		0.15		18,459,030			28,110		0.61
Senior Notes	—			—		—		127,862			944		2.95
Other borrowings	35,156			9		0.10		1,528,844			5,684		1.50
Subordinated Notes - Bank	—			—		—		173,265			2,361		5.45
Subordinated Notes - Company	492,116			5,076		4.13		271,045			2,828		4.17
Total borrowings	527,272			5,085		3.87		2,101,016			11,817		2.26
Total interest bearing liabilities	18,296,268			11,783		0.26		20,560,046			39,927		0.78
Non-interest bearing deposits	5,747,679							5,004,907
Other non-interest bearing liabilities	676,312							703,558
Total liabilities	24,720,259							26,268,511
Stockholders’ equity	4,670,718							4,464,403
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	29,390,977						$	30,732,914
Net interest rate spread3						3.35	%						3.01	%
Net interest earning assets4	$	7,672,667						$	6,680,068
Net interest margin - tax equivalent				221,642		3.42	%				216,710		3.20	%
Less tax equivalent adjustment				(3,115)							(3,411)
Net interest income				218,527							213,299
Accretion income on acquired loans				7,812							10,086
Tax equivalent net interest margin excluding accretion income on acquired loans				$	213,830	3.30	%				$	206,624	3.05	%
Ratio of interest earning assets to interest bearing liabilities	141.9		%					132.5		%

See legend on following page.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES


	For the six months ended June 30,
	2021							2020
	Average balance			Interest		Yield/Rate		Average balance			Interest		Yield/Rate
Interest earning assets:
Traditional C&I and commercial finance loans	$	8,456,690		$	154,988	3.70	%	$	8,412,567		$	173,342	4.14	%
CRE (includes multi-family)	10,307,456			206,850		4.05		10,346,810			217,147		4.22
ADC	634,734			12,506		3.97		508,263			12,083		4.78
Commercial loans	19,398,880			374,344		3.89		19,267,640			402,572		4.20
Consumer loans	176,681			3,794		4.33		226,347			5,173		4.60
Residential mortgage loans	1,492,298			29,402		3.94		2,079,419			47,598		4.58
Total gross loans1	21,067,859			407,540		3.90		21,573,406			455,343		4.24
Securities taxable	2,241,749			31,101		2.80		2,695,376			39,484		2.95
Securities tax exempt	1,947,541			29,691		3.05		2,142,939			32,693		3.05
Interest earning deposits	649,733			313		0.10		472,659			1,978		0.84
FRB and FHLB stock	151,951			1,747		2.32		225,808			4,120		3.67
Total securities and other earning assets	4,990,974			62,852		2.54		5,536,782			78,275		2.84
Total interest earning assets	26,058,833			470,392		3.64		27,110,188			533,618		3.96
Non-interest earning assets	3,427,428							3,498,485
Total assets	$	29,486,261						$	30,608,673
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing demand deposits	$	4,972,853		$	3,656	0.15	%	$	4,691,478		$	14,364	0.62	%
Savings deposits2	2,747,802			1,002		0.07		2,845,212			5,924		0.42
Money market deposits	8,445,983			6,953		0.17		7,863,566			30,107		0.77
Certificates of deposit	1,729,846			3,955		0.46		3,002,285			23,496		1.57
Total interest bearing deposits	17,896,484			15,566		0.18		18,402,541			73,891		0.81
Senior Notes	—			—		—		150,592			2,378		3.18
Other borrowings	60,416			44		0.15		1,746,136			15,040		1.73
Subordinated Notes - Bank	71,464			1,957		5.48		173,234			4,718		5.45
Subordinated Notes - Company	492,039			10,149		4.13		271,007			5,655		4.17
Total borrowings	623,919			12,150		3.93		2,340,969			27,791		2.39
Total interest bearing liabilities	18,520,403			27,716		0.30		20,743,510			101,682		0.99
Non-interest bearing deposits	5,635,233							4,675,713
Other non-interest bearing liabilities	686,787							703,980
Total liabilities	24,842,423							26,123,203
Stockholders’ equity	4,643,838							4,485,470
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	29,486,261						$	30,608,673
Net interest rate spread3						3.34	%						2.97	%
Net interest earning assets4	$	7,538,430						$	6,366,678
Net interest margin - tax equivalent				442,676		3.43	%				431,936		3.20	%
Less tax equivalent adjustment				(6,235)							(6,865)
Net interest income				436,441							425,071
Accretion income on acquired loans				16,084							20,772
Tax equivalent net interest margin excluding accretion income on acquired loans				$	426,592	3.30	%				$	411,164	3.05	%
Ratio of interest earning assets to interest bearing liabilities	140.7		%					130.7		%

1 Average balances include loans held for sale and non-accrual loans. Includes the effect of net deferred loan origination fees, amortization of premiums, accretion of discounts and costs and non-accrual loans. Interest includes prepayment fees and late charges.

2 Includes club accounts and interest bearing mortgage escrow balances.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

3 Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the tax equivalent yield on average interest earning assets and the cost of average interest bearing liabilities.

4 Net interest earning assets represents total interest earning assets less total interest bearing liabilities.

The following table presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income (on a fully tax equivalent basis) and interest expense for the major categories of our interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities for the periods indicated. Information is provided for each category of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities with respect to (i) changes attributable to changes in volume (i.e., changes in average balances multiplied by the prior period average rate); and (ii) changes attributable to changes in rate (i.e., changes in average rate multiplied by prior period average balances). For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.


	For the three months ended June 30,
	2021 vs. 2020
	Increase / (Decrease) due to				Total increase /
	Volume		Rate		(decrease)
Interest earning assets:
Traditional C&I and commercial finance loans	$	(4,727)	$	(2,482)	$	(7,209)
CRE (includes multi-family)	(717)		(2,466)		(3,183)
ADC	1,334		(446)		888
Commercial loans	(4,110)		(5,394)		(9,504)
Consumer loans	(478)		(43)		(521)
Residential mortgage loans	(5,596)		(2,598)		(8,194)
Total loans	(10,184)		(8,035)		(18,219)
Securities taxable	(937)		(2,169)		(3,106)
Securities tax exempt	(1,356)		(53)		(1,409)
Interest earning deposits	56		(38)		18
FRB and FHLB stock	(410)		(86)		(496)
Total interest earning assets	(12,831)		(10,381)		(23,212)
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing demand deposits	198		(3,390)		(3,192)
Savings deposits1	(92)		(1,795)		(1,887)
Money market deposits	664		(9,235)		(8,571)
Certificates of deposit	(2,985)		(4,777)		(7,762)
Total interest bearing deposits	(2,215)		(19,197)		(21,412)
Senior Notes	(472)		(472)		(944)
Other borrowings	(2,788)		(2,887)		(5,675)
Subordinated Notes - Bank	(1,181)		(1,180)		(2,361)
Subordinated Notes - Company	2,275		(27)		2,248
Total borrowings	(2,166)		(4,566)		(6,732)
Total interest bearing liabilities	(4,381)		(23,763)		(28,144)
Change in tax equivalent net interest income	(8,450)		13,382		4,932
Less tax equivalent adjustment	(343)		47		(296)
Change in net interest income	$	(8,107)	$	13,335	$	5,228

______________________

1 Includes club accounts and interest bearing mortgage escrow balances.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES


	For the six months ended June 30,
	2021 vs. 2020
	Increase / (Decrease) due to				Total increase /
	Volume		Rate		(decrease)
Interest earning assets:
Traditional C&I and commercial finance loans	$	863	$	(19,217)	$	(18,354)
CRE (includes multi-family)	(889)		(9,408)		(10,297)
ADC	2,681		(2,258)		423
Commercial loans	2,655		(30,883)		(28,228)
Consumer loans	(1,088)		(291)		(1,379)
Residential mortgage loans	(12,172)		(6,024)		(18,196)
Total loans	(10,605)		(37,198)		(47,803)
Securities taxable	(6,438)		(1,945)		(8,383)
Securities tax exempt	(3,002)		—		(3,002)
Interest earning deposits	538		(2,203)		(1,665)
FRB and FHLB stock	(1,117)		(1,256)		(2,373)
Total interest earning assets	(20,624)		(42,602)		(63,226)
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing demand deposits	818		(11,526)		(10,708)
Savings deposits1	(194)		(4,728)		(4,922)
Money market deposits	2,052		(25,206)		(23,154)
Certificates of deposit	(7,324)		(12,217)		(19,541)
Total interest bearing deposits	(4,648)		(53,677)		(58,325)
Senior Notes	(1,189)		(1,189)		(2,378)
Other borrowings	(7,795)		(7,201)		(14,996)
Subordinated Notes - Bank	(2,787)		26		(2,761)
Subordinated Notes - Company	4,548		(54)		4,494
Total borrowings	(7,223)		(8,418)		(15,641)
Total interest bearing liabilities	(11,871)		(62,095)		(73,966)
Change in tax equivalent net interest income	(8,753)		19,493		10,740
Less tax equivalent adjustment	(719)		89		(630)
Change in net interest income	$	(8,034)	$	19,404	$	11,370

______________________

1 Includes club accounts and interest bearing mortgage escrow balances.

Tax equivalent net interest income increased $4.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020. This was mainly a result of lower interest expense, which declined in line with lower market interest rates and as a result of changes in our funding mix. Over the course of 2020 and during the first half of 2021, we have continued to reprice deposit relationships and have repaid higher costing FHLB and other borrowings. As a result, interest expense declined by 70.5% over the prior year quarter, while tax equivalent interest and dividend income declined by 9.0% over the same period. For the three months ended June 30, 2021, total interest earning assets yielded 3.61% compared to 3.79% during the same period in 2020. The cost of interest bearing liabilities declined to 0.26% in the second quarter of 2021 compared to 0.78% in the same period in 2020. The tax equivalent net interest margin increased 22 basis points to 3.42% in the second quarter of 2021 from 3.20% in the second quarter of 2020. The percentage of average loans to average earning assets decreased to 80.3% compared to 80.5% in 2020.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Tax equivalent net interest income increased $10.7 million to $442.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $431.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, largely as a result of the same factors discussed above. The tax equivalent net interest margin increased to 3.43% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 from 3.20% in the six months ended June 30, 2020. The yield on interest earning assets was 3.64% compared to 3.96% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, which was mainly due to changes in market interest rates and lower accretion income. The percentage of loans to average earning assets increased to 80.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to 79.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The cost of interest bearing liabilities declined to 0.30% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 0.99% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, which was mainly due to the same factors described above.

Average interest earning assets decreased by $1.3 billion between the three month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. Average interest earning assets decreased by $1.1 billion between the six months periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. The decline was mainly due to net sales and repayments of investment securities and continued runoff in our residential mortgage loan portfolio.

The average balance of commercial loans decreased $469.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease was mainly due to loan sales and repayments of PPP loans, a decline in our mortgage warehouse balances, and net repayments from traditional C&I, ABL, and multifamily portfolios. The average yield on commercial loans declined to 3.89% compared to 4.01% in the prior year period. The decrease in the yield on commercial loans was in line with declines in market interest rates as well as a decline in accretion income on acquired loans. Accretion income on acquired commercial loans declined to $6.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $7.4 million in the corresponding prior year quarter.

The average balance of loans outstanding decreased $505.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020, mainly due to the same factors as discussed above. The average yield on loans was 3.90% in the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 4.24% in the comparable year ago period. The decrease was mainly due to declines in market rates of interest and the decline in accretion income on acquired commercial loans for the six months ended June 30, 2021 to $12.8 million compared to $15.0 million in the year ago period.

Interest income on traditional C&I and commercial finance loans decreased $7.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020. The yield on traditional C&I and commercial finance loans declined to 3.73% compared to 3.85% in the corresponding prior year period. In addition to the decrease in market interest rates, interest income on traditional C&I and commercial finance loans declined as lower yielding mortgage warehouse and public sector finance loans represented a larger percentage of total traditional C&I and commercial finance loans in 2021 than in 2020.

Interest income on traditional C&I and commercial finance loans decreased $18.4 million and was $155.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $173.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. This decrease was mainly due to the same factors as discussed above. The yield on traditional C&I and commercial finance loans decreased to 3.70% compared to 4.14% in the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Interest income on CRE loans and multi-family loans decreased $3.2 million to $103.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $106.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease was mainly due to repayments of broker originated multi-family loans and declines in market rates of interest. The yield on CRE and multi-family loans was 4.01% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 4.11% in the three months ended June 30, 2020.

Interest income on CRE loans and multi-family loans decreased $10.3 million to $206.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $217.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The yield on CRE and multi-family loans was 4.05% in the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 4.22% in the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease in yield was mainly due to the change in market rates of interest and the increase in lower yielding CRE loans, which replaced the majority of the multi-family run off.

Interest income on residential mortgage loans declined $8.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease was mainly due to a decline in average balances and a 57 basis point decline in the yield, a result of adjustable rate loans repricing to market rates of interest and lower accretion income on acquired loans, which was $1.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $2.4 million in the prior year period. The average balance of residential mortgage loans declined $579.3 million, mainly due to continued run-off as well as the sale of certain residential mortgage loans in 2020.

Interest income on residential mortgage loans decreased $18.2 million to $29.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $47.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease was mainly due to a $587.1 million decline in the average balance of residential mortgage loans resulting from elevated levels of pay downs as well as a result of the loan sales in 2020. The yield on residential mortgage loans decreased to 3.94% compared to 4.58% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Accretion income on

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acquired residential mortgage loans was $2.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $5.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Tax equivalent interest income on securities decreased $4.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020, mainly due to a decrease of $307.9 million in average securities between the periods. The decline in balances was mainly due to accelerated repayment of mortgage-backed securities. The tax equivalent yield on securities decreased to 2.84% compared to 3.05% in the prior year period. The decrease in tax equivalent yield was mainly due to deployment of excess cash at the Federal Reserve Bank into US Treasury securities and continued pay downs in our municipal securities portfolio. The average balance of tax-exempt securities declined to $1.9 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $2.1 billion for the corresponding period in 2020.

Tax equivalent interest income on securities decreased $11.4 million to $60.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $72.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. This was mainly the result of a decrease of $649.0 million in the average balance of securities between the periods. The tax equivalent yield on securities was 2.93% in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to 3.00% in the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease in tax equivalent yield on securities was mainly due to the same factors as discussed in respect of the three month period.

Average interest earning deposits were $651.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $195.6 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020. The increase was due to deposit inflows and lower than anticipated loan demand. Interest earning deposits yielded 0.10% for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to 0.13% for the same period in 2020.

Average total deposits and mortgage escrow balances increased $52.7 million to $23.5 billion in the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020. Average interest bearing deposits decreased $690.0 million and average non-interest bearing deposits increased $742.8 million. The increase in deposits was mainly due to growth in commercial, consumer and on-line deposits coupled with higher cash balances held by many of our clients. The average cost of interest bearing deposits was 0.15% in the second quarter of 2021 compared to 0.61% in the second quarter of 2020. The average cost of total deposits was 0.11% in the second quarter of 2021 compared to 0.48% in the second quarter of 2020. The decrease in the cost of deposits was mainly due to repricing of deposit relationships in line with declines in market interest rates.

Average total deposits and mortgage escrow increased $453.5 million to $23.5 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $23.1 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2020. Over the same period, average interest bearing deposits decreased $506.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020. Average non-interest bearing deposits increased $959.5 million to $5.6 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $4.7 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2020. The increase was mainly due to organic growth generated by our commercial banking teams and financial centers. The average cost of interest bearing deposits was 0.18% in the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 0.81% in the six months ended June 30, 2020. The average cost of total deposits was 0.13% in the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 0.64% in the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease in the cost of deposits was mainly due to the same factors discussed above.

Average borrowings declined $1.6 billion in the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to the same period a year ago. Given the increase in deposits and the decline in our loan portfolio and in investment securities between the periods, excess liquidity was used to reduce borrowings. The average cost of borrowings was 3.87% for the second quarter of 2021, compared to 2.26% in the prior year period. The increase in the average cost of borrowings was a result of changes in funding mix, with a greater proportion of our borrowings comprised of longer term and more expensive subordinated notes in 2021, compared to 2020.

Average borrowings decreased $1.7 billion to $623.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $2.3 billion in the same period a year ago. The decrease in average borrowings was due to the same factors as discussed in the three month period. The average cost of borrowings was 3.93% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 2.39% in the six months ended June 30, 2020. The increase was mainly due to the same factors as discussed in the three month period.

Provision for Credit Losses - Loans. The provision for credit losses - loans is determined as the amount to be added to the ACL - loans after net charge-offs have been deducted to bring the allowance to a level that is our best estimate of the net amount not expected to be collected on portfolio loans. For the three months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, the provision for credit losses - loans was $6.0 million and $56.6 million, respectively. See the section captioned “Non-Performing Loans and Non-Performing Assets” later in this discussion for further analysis of the provision for credit losses - loans.

Provision for Credit Losses - HTM Securities. In the second quarter of 2021, we recorded a $750 thousand reduction in our provision for credit losses - HTM securities with no similar provision recorded in the second quarter of 2020. In the six months ended June 30,

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2020, we recorded a provision for credit losses - HTM securities of $1.7 million. The provision for credit losses - HTM securities is based on our estimate of loss given anticipated defaults. Based on our modeling of expected credit losses for municipal and corporate securities, which reflected lower expected losses, we reduced the ACL - HTM securities in the period.

Non-interest income. The components of non-interest income were as follows for the periods presented below:


	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Deposit fees and service charges	$	7,096	$	5,345	$	13,659	$	11,968
Accounts receivable management / factoring commissions and other fees	5,491		4,419		10,917		9,956
Bank owned life insurance	4,981		4,950		9,936		9,967
Loan commissions and fees	8,762		8,003		19,239		19,028
Investment management fees	2,018		1,379		3,870		3,225
Net gain on sale of securities	—		485		706		8,896
Net (loss) gain on called securities	(80)		—		(67)		4,880



Other	1,946		1,509		4,310		5,496
Total non-interest income	$	30,214	$	26,090	$	62,570	$	73,416

Non-interest income was $30.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $26.1 million in the same period a year ago.

Deposit fees and service charges increased $1.8 million compared to the second quarter of 2020. This was mainly due to higher transaction volumes, higher analysis charges and, an increase in wire fees and check printing. In the six months ended June 30, 2021, deposit fees and charges increased $1.7 million compared to the same period a year ago. The increase was mainly due to increased transaction volumes compared to the same periods a year ago which were impacted by the onset of the pandemic.

Accounts receivable management / factoring commissions and other fees increased $1.1 million compared to the second quarter of 2020 and $961 thousand in the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was mainly due to a rebound in transaction volume in our factoring and payroll finance businesses as compared to the year ago periods.

Loan commissions and fee income includes fees on lines of credit, loan servicing fees, loan syndication fees, collateral monitoring, and other loan related fees that are not included in interest income. The six month period ended June 30, 2021 included referral fees earned in the first quarter on second round PPP loans of $1.8 million. In the year ago period loan fees also included gain on sale of equipment finance loans of $2.9 million. Excluding these items, the increase in the six month period was mainly due to higher loan syndication fees.

Net gain on sale of securities represents net losses and gains realized on the sale of securities from our AFS investment securities portfolio. The net gain on sale of securities in the six months ended June 30, 2021 was mainly due to the sale of $20.7 million of corporate securities. The gain on sale of securities in the six months ended June 30, 2020 was mainly due to the sale of $460.0 million of AFS securities and the proceeds were used to fund loan growth.

Net gain on called securities in the six months ended June 30, 2020 represents the gain realized on securities called of $139.8 million, which were mainly government agency securities.

Other non-interest income principally includes fees for interest rate swaps, earnings from community development investments, safe deposit rentals and foreign exchange fees. Other non-interest income increased $437 thousand compared to the second quarter of 2020. The increase was mainly due to an increase in earnings from community development investments. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, other non-interest income declined $1.2 million, which was mainly due to lower transactional volumes in our derivatives business, which was $463 thousand in the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to $2.5 million in the same period in 2020. Partially offsetting this decline was an increase in earnings from community development investments.

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Non-interest expense. The components of non-interest expense were as follows for the periods presented below:


	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Compensation and benefits	$	56,953	$	54,668	$	115,040	$	109,544
Stock-based compensation plans	6,781		5,913		13,398		11,919
Occupancy and office operations	13,875		14,695		28,390		29,894
Information technology	9,741		7,312		18,987		15,330
Professional fees	7,561		5,458		14,638		11,207
Amortization of intangible assets	3,776		4,200		7,552		8,400
FDIC insurance and regulatory assessments	2,344		3,638		5,574		6,844
Other real estate owned expense (“OREO”), net	(72)		1,233		(140)		1,285
Merger-related expense	2,481		—		2,481		—

Impairment related to financial centers and real estate consolidation strategy	475		—		1,108		—
Loss on extinguishment of borrowings	1,243		9,723		1,243		10,476
Other non-interest expense	15,471		18,041		30,523		34,695
Total non-interest expense	$	120,629	$	124,881	$	238,794	$	239,594

Compensation and benefits expense was $57.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $54.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The increase was mainly due to a higher bonus compensation accrual and an increase in medical costs. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, compensation and employee benefits expense was $115.0 million compared to $109.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The increase in the six month period was mainly due to the same factors discussed above. The reduction in financial center personnel has offset continued hiring of commercial banking, business development and risk management personnel.

Stock-based compensation plans expense was $6.8 million in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $5.9 million in the second quarter of 2020. The increase was due to additional personnel included in our stock-based compensation plan. For additional information related to our employee benefit plans and stock-based compensation, see Note 10. “Stock-Based Compensation” in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, stock-based compensation expense was $13.4 million compared to $11.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The increase was due to the same factors discussed above.

Occupancy and office operations expense was $13.9 million in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $14.7 million in the second quarter of 2020. The decline in occupancy and office operations expense is due to continuing efforts to rationalize our real estate footprint. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, occupancy and office operations expense was $28.4 million, compared to $29.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. This decrease was due to the same factors discussed above.

Information technology expense, which mainly includes the cost of our loan and deposit operating systems and contracted service and maintenance associated with other data processing systems, as well as amortization related to our investment in various digital initiatives, was $9.7 million in the second quarter of 2021, compared to $7.3 million in the second quarter of 2020. The increase was mainly due to investments in various back-office automation initiatives and digital banking transformation efforts, which are designed to enable us to drive future revenue growth and expand our digital offerings. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, information technology expense was $19.0 million, compared to $15.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The increase was due to the same factors discussed above.

Professional fees, were $7.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $5.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The increase was mainly due to incremental fees for consulting services to assist us with automation and digital banking platform projects. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, professional fees were $14.6 million, compared to $11.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The increase was due to the same factors discussed above.

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Amortization of intangible assets expense mainly includes amortization of core deposit intangible assets, customer lists and non-compete agreements. Amortization of intangible assets was $3.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $4.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. Amortization of intangible assets expense was $7.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $8.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decreases in such amortization expense were mainly due to the accelerated amortization of the core deposit intangible assets that were recorded in the merger with Astoria Financial Corporation and other acquisitions. For additional information, see Note 5. “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

FDIC insurance and regulatory assessments was $2.3 million and $5.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively compared to $3.6 million and $6.8 million for the three and six months period ended June 30, 2020, respectively. The decline was due to lower FDIC insurance assessment and was mainly due to a decline in average assets, retention of 100% of capital and improvement in earnings in 2021 compared to 2020.

Merger-related expense was $2.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and was incurred in connection with our pending merger with Webster. The expense included fees for a fairness opinion, diligence and integration efforts to date.

Impairment related to financial centers and real estate consolidation strategy was $475 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2021. This charge included a lease termination payment of $268 thousand and decommissioning and restoration expense for another location of $207 thousand. The charge of $1.1 million for the six months also included write-off of leasehold improvements of $127 thousand, loss on sale of fixed assets from the sale of two owned locations of $309 thousand and write-off of other fixed assets abandoned when we disposed of certain facilities of $197 thousand.

Loss on extinguishment of borrowings was $1.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and represents the loss related to the payoff of the subordinated notes - Bank, which were redeemed on April 1, 2021. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the losses of $9.7 million and $10.5 million, respectively, were related to the repayment of FHLB borrowings.

Other non-interest expense includes depreciation expense on operating leases, advertising and promotion, communications, residential mortgage loan servicing, insurance, operational losses, commercial loan processing expenses, pension and post retirement plans, recruitment fees, taxes not included in income tax expense, travel and client entertainment, and colleague training expense. The decline in the three and six months periods ended June 30, 2021 when compared to the same periods in 2020 was mainly due to incremental costs incurred in connection with the pandemic and included a contribution to the Sterling National Bank Charitable Foundation, as well as compensation and occupancy costs. See Note 11. “Other Non-Interest Expense, Other Assets and Other Liabilities” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for details on significant components.

Income tax expense was $24.5 million, representing an effective income tax rate of 20.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2021, compared to income tax expense of $7.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. Our estimated effective income tax rate for full year 2021 is 19.5% prior to the impact of discrete items, which required additional income tax expense in the second quarter to achieve our year to date estimated expense.

Income tax expense was $47.5 million, or 19.4% of pre-tax income, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and a benefit of $932.0 thousand, or a benefit of 1.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. See Note 9. “Income Taxes” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for additional information.

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Portfolio Loans

The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio, excluding loans held for sale, by type of loan at the periods indicated.


	June 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Amount		%		Amount		%
Commercial:
C&I:
Traditional C&I	$	2,917,848	14.1	%	$	2,920,205	13.4	%
Asset-based lending	707,207		3.4		803,004		3.7
Payroll finance	158,424		0.8		159,237		0.7
Warehouse lending	1,229,588		5.9		1,953,677		8.9
Factored receivables	217,399		1.0		220,217		1.0
Equipment financing	1,381,308		6.7		1,531,109		7.0
Public sector finance	1,723,270		8.3		1,572,819		7.2
Total C&I	8,335,044		40.2		9,160,268		41.9
Commercial mortgage:
CRE	5,861,542		28.3		5,831,990		26.7
Multi-family	4,281,615		20.7		4,406,660		20.2
ADC	690,224		3.3		642,943		2.9
Total commercial mortgage	10,833,381		52.3		10,881,593		49.8
Total commercial	19,168,425		92.5		20,041,861		91.7
Residential mortgage	1,389,294		6.7		1,616,641		7.4
Consumer	166,378		0.8		189,907		0.9
Total portfolio loans	20,724,097		100.0	%	21,848,409		100.0	%
ACL - loans	(314,873)				(326,100)
Total portfolio loans, net	$	20,409,224			$	21,522,309

Note: the percentages in the table above are rounded to the nearest tenth of a percent.

Overview. Total portfolio loans, net, decreased $1.1 billion to $20.4 billion at June 30, 2021, compared to $21.5 billion at December 31, 2020. A slowdown in mortgage refinance activity drove a $724.1 million sequential decline in our mortgage warehouse lending balance and was the primary driver of the decline in total C&I. Repayments of multi-family loans that were predominately broker originated contributed to the decline in total commercial loans while repayments of residential mortgage loans contributed to the decline in total portfolio loans.

At June 30, 2021, total C&I loans comprised 40.2% of the total loan portfolio, compared to 41.9% at December 31, 2020. Commercial mortgage loans comprised 52.3% and 49.8% of the total loan portfolio at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Residential mortgage loans comprised 6.7% of the total loan portfolio at June 30, 2021, compared to 7.4% at December 31, 2020.

In the six months ended June 30, 2021, traditional C&I loans decreased by $2.4 million, primarily as a result of the repayment of $131.1 million of PPP loans with increases in line of credit usage and C&I loan origination activity substantially offsetting this decline.Total C&I loans declined largely as a result of the decline in warehouse lending loans discussed above and were also impacted by pay downs of asset-based lending loans, which decreased by $95.8 million and by pay downs of equipment finance loans which decreased $149.8 million.These decreases were partially offset by an increase in public sector finance loans of $150.5 million.

CRE loans increased $29.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase was mainly due to a uptick in demand for these loan products in our market area. Multi-family loans declined by $125.0 million in the first six months of 2021, mainly due to run-off in broker originated loans. Our CRE loans balances were impacted by the sale of $122.5 million of mostly criticized and classified commercial real estate and multifamily loans in the second quarter of 2021 and the sale of $70.0 million of mostly criticized and classified commercial real estate loans in the first quarter of 2021.

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ADC loans, which are a component of commercial mortgage loans, increased $47.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase is mainly due to originations related to our affordable housing tax credit investments.

Residential mortgage loans were $1.4 billion at June 30, 2021, compared to $1.6 billion at December 31, 2020. The decline was mainly due to repayments.

Included in our residential mortgage portfolio are loans that were originated as interest-only adjustable rate mortgages (“ARM loans”) with terms of up to forty years, which have an initial fixed rate for five, seven or 10 years and convert into one year interest-only ARM loans at the end of the initial fixed rate period. Interest-only ARM loans require the borrower to pay interest only during the first ten years of the loan term, which typically results in a material increase in the borrower’s monthly payments upon conversion. After the tenth anniversary of the loan, principal and interest payments are required to amortize the loan over the remaining term. There were $480.9 million of residential mortgage loans that were originated as interest only ARM loans at June 30, 2021 compared to $599.5 million at December 31, 2020.

Non-Performing Loans and Non-Performing Assets

The table below sets forth the amounts and categories of our NPAs at the dates indicated. There were no warehouse lending or public sector finance loans that were non-performing at such dates.


	June 30,			December 31,
	2021			2020
Non-accrual loans:
Traditional C&I	$	41,593		$	19,223
Asset-based lending	7,535			5,255
Payroll finance	652			2,300


Equipment financing	23,452			30,634
CRE	48,074			46,053
Multi-family	327			4,485
ADC	25,000			30,000
Residential mortgage	17,132			18,661
Consumer	9,554			10,278
Total non-accrual loans	173,319			166,889
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more	—			170
Total NPLs	173,319			167,059
OREO	816			5,347
Total NPAs	$	174,135		$	172,406
TDRs accruing and not included above	$	24,681		$	37,492
Ratios:
NPLs to total loans	0.84		%	0.76		%
NPAs to total assets	0.60			0.58

NPAs and NPLs. NPLs include non-accrual loans and accruing loans past due 90 days or more. NPAs include NPLs and OREO. At June 30, 2021, total NPLs increased $6.3 million to $173.3 million compared to $167.1 million at December 31, 2020. Non-accrual loans were $173.3 million and there were no loans 90 days past due and still accruing interest as of June 30, 2021. Non-accrual loans increased by $6.4 million to $173.3 million at June 30, 2021 from $166.9 million at December 31, 2020. The increase was mainly due to two C&I relationships, one CRE relationship and smaller ABL loans which are in the process of work-out or exit, partially offset by the payoff of one CRE relationship and two C&I relationships and the partial charge off of one ADC loan.

TDRs. TDRs still accruing interest income are loans modified for borrowers that have experienced financial difficulties but are performing in accordance with the modified terms of their loan and were performing prior to the modification. Loan modification concessions may include actions such as an extension of the maturity date or the lowering of interest rates and monthly payments. At June 30, 2021, total TDRs were $52.5 million, of which $24.7 million were performing in accordance with their modified terms and $27.9 million were non-accrual. At December 31, 2020, total TDRs were $79.0 million of which $37.5 million were performing and $41.5 million were non-accrual. The decrease in TDRs at June 30, 2021 was primarily due to the loan sales mentioned above and the payoff of one CRE relationship. TDR balances are more fully discussed in Note 3. “Portfolio Loans - TDRs” in the notes to the

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consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. As of June 30, 2021, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers with loans that have been classified as TDRs.

Forbearance under the CARES Act. The CARES Act permits financial institutions to suspend requirements related to loan modifications to borrowers affected by COVID-19 that would otherwise, in accordance with GAAP, be characterized as TDRs and suspend any determination related thereto if (i) the loan modification is made between March 1, 2020 and as modified by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the end of the coronavirus emergency declaration and (ii) the applicable loan was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. On April 7, 2020, various regulatory agencies, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the “Agencies”) issued an interagency statement on loan modifications and reporting for financial institutions working with customers affected by COVID-19. The interagency statement was effective immediately and provided practical expedients for evaluating whether loan modifications that occur in response to COVID-19 are TDRs. The Agencies confirmed with the Financial Accounting Standards Board that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not considered to be TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented. We are applying this guidance to qualifying loan modifications.

At June 30, 2021, we had approved CARES Act conforming payment deferrals on outstanding loan balances as shown in the following table:


	Loan balance outstanding		Deferral of principal and interest		%


Traditional C&I	$	2,917,848	$	—	—	%
Asset-based lending	707,207		—		—
Payroll finance	158,424		—		—
Warehouse lending	1,229,588		—		—
Factored receivables	217,399		—		—
Equipment finance	1,381,308		1,577		0.1
Public sector finance	1,723,270		—		—


Commercial real estate	5,861,542		47,738		0.8
Multi-family	4,281,615		5,166		0.1
ADC	690,224		—		—


Residential	1,389,294		51,881		3.7
Consumer	166,378		3,402		2.0
Total Portfolio loans	$	20,724,097	$	109,764	0.5	%

Principal and interest deferrals were in place in respect of loans representing 0.5% of our loan portfolio. Deferrals consist mainly of 90-day principal and interest deferral with the ability to extend an additional 90-day period at the Bank’s option. We are closely monitoring and working with our clients to determine ongoing deferral extensions and requests.

SBA PPP Loans. As of June 30, 2021, we had 13 portfolio loans totaling $7.8 million outstanding and all loans are in the process of being forgiven.

OREO. Real estate acquired as a result of foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure is classified as OREO until such time as it is sold. When real estate is transferred to OREO, it is recorded at fair value less cost to sell. If the fair value less cost to sell is less than the loan balance, the difference is charged against the ACL - loans. After transfer to OREO, we regularly update the fair value of the properties. Subsequent declines in fair value are charged to current earnings and included in other non-interest expense as part of OREO expense. At June 30, 2021, we had OREO properties with a recorded balance of $816 thousand, compared to $5.3 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease was mainly due to sales of OREO properties for cash. We had no additions to OREO in the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Classification of Assets. Our determination as to the classification of our assets and the amount of our ACL - loans is subject to review by our regulators, who can direct the charge-off of loans and order the establishment of additional ACL. Management regularly reviews

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

our asset portfolio to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. As of June 30, 2021, we had $388.5 million of loans designated as special mention compared to $461.5 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease in the first half of 2021 was mainly due to approximately $100 million of loans that were downgraded to substandard, approximately $80 million of loans that were upgraded to pass, approximately $25 million of repayments and approximately $20 million of loans included in our loan sales. These declines were partially offset by approximately $165 million of loans, mainly multi-family, CRE and C&I that were newly designated special mention during the period. The vast majority of the borrowers continue to perform.

On the basis of management’s review of our assets at June 30, 2021, classified assets consisted of loans of $616.4 million ($611.8 million were rated substandard and one loan of $4.6 million was rated doubtful) and OREO of $816 thousand. Substandard loans were $528.8 million and OREO was $5.3 million at December 31, 2020. The increase in substandard loans in the six months ended June 30, 2021 was mainly related to loans transferred from special mention and newly designated classified loans of approximately $210 million, and was partially offset by approximately $80 million of substandard loans that were included in our loan sales, approximately $40 million of repayments and approximately $6 million of charge-offs. Our asset resolution team is working with these borrowers to reduce the outstanding balances and maximize repayments.

ACL - Loans. The ACL - loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of portfolio loans to present the net amount expected to be collected on portfolio loans over their contractual life.

Our estimate of credit losses at June 30, 2021 is based in part on the macro-economic forecasts and assumptions contained in the Moody’s June 20, 2021 Forecast Vintage Baseline Scenario.

To address potential model uncertainties, we overlay qualitative factors to the quantitative results of loss estimates calculated under the assumptions above. The qualitative adjustments include the following:

•Lending policies and procedures including changes in lending strategies, underwriting standards, collection, write-off and recovery practices;

•Experience, ability and depth of management and lending and other relevant staff;

•Nature and volume of our loans and changes therein;

•Changes and expected changes in general market conditions of either the geographic area or industry related to our exposure;

•An adjustment for economic conditions during a reasonable and supportable period; and

•An adjustment for additional factors including data quality and changes in the number of assumptions used in quantitative models.

The ACL - loans decreased from $326.1 million at December 31, 2020 to $314.9 million at June 30, 2021. The ACL - loans at June 30, 2021 represented 181.7% of non-performing loans and 1.52% of total portfolio loans. At December 31, 2020, the allowance for loan losses represented 195.2% of non-performing loans and 1.49% of total portfolio loans.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Allocation of ACL - loans. The following table sets forth the ACL - loans allocated by loan category, the total loan balances by category (excluding loans held for sale), and the percent of loans in each category to total loans at the dates indicated. The ACL allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories.


	June 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
	Allowance for credit losses		Loan balance		% of ACL to loan balance		Allowance for loan losses		Loan balance		% of ACL to loan balance
Traditional C&I	$	47,494	$	2,917,848	1.63	%	$	42,670	$	2,920,205	1.46	%
Asset-based lending	10,474		707,207		1.48		12,762		803,004		1.59
Payroll finance	1,567		158,424		0.99		1,957		159,237		1.23
Warehouse lending	1,087		1,229,588		0.09		1,724		1,953,677		0.09
Factored receivables	3,025		217,399		1.39		2,904		220,217		1.32
Equipment financing	27,987		1,381,308		2.03		31,794		1,531,109		2.08
Public sector finance	6,168		1,723,270		0.36		4,516		1,572,819		0.29
CRE	155,589		5,861,542		2.65		155,313		5,831,990		2.66
Multi-family	32,054		4,281,615		0.75		33,320		4,406,660		0.76
ADC	11,371		690,224		1.65		17,927		642,943		2.79
Residential mortgage	14,032		1,389,294		1.01		16,529		1,616,641		1.02
Consumer	4,025		166,378		2.42		4,684		189,907		2.47
Total	$	314,873	$	20,724,097	1.52		$	326,100	$	21,848,409	1.49

Collateral Dependent Loans. A loan must meet both of the following conditions to be considered collateral dependent:

•We expect repayment of the financial asset to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral.

•We determined the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty as of the financial statement date.

Generally, loans are identified as collateral dependent when the loan is in foreclosure, is a TDR or is a loan that was measured for impairment when we adopted CECL on January 1, 2020. For collateral dependent loans, we measure the expected credit losses based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis. If the loan is in foreclosure, or we determine foreclosure is probable, we reduce the fair value of the collateral by cost to sell the asset. If we expect repayment from the operation of the asset, we do not reduce for the cost to sell.

Collateral dependent loans were $143.3 million at June 30, 2021 which was decrease of $1.7 million from $145.0 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease in collateral dependent loans was mainly due to payoffs of three C&I relationships, one CRE relationship, the partial charge-off of an ADC loan and the sale of certain CRE and multi-family loans. This decrease was partially offset by the addition of one CRE relationship and one C&I relationship. As our CECL methodology allows us to determine fair value and expected credit losses for each loan individually, we now consider loans collateral dependent based on the criteria discussed above. At June 30, 2021 we had specific reserves of $21.6 million allocated to $103.2 million in principal on loans that are considered collateral dependent loans in our ACL.

Changes in Financial Condition between June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020

Total assets decreased $676.2 million at June 30, 2021, compared to December 31, 2020. Components of the change in total assets were:

•Cash balances increased $182.4 million to $487.4 million at June 30, 2021, compared to December 31, 2020. The increase was mainly due to increases in deposit balances and contraction in our loan balances.

•Total investment securities increased by $327.0 million to $4.4 billion at June 30, 2021, compared to $4.0 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase in investment securities included the purchase of US Treasury and corporate securities in response to the significant levels of excess liquidity generated by deposit inflows and the contraction in our loan portfolio.

•Portfolio loans, net decreased $1.1 billion at June 30, 2021, compared to December 31, 2020, primarily as a result of the following:

◦Commercial loans decreased by $873.4 million to $19.2 billion at June 30, 2021, compared to $20.0 billion at December 31, 2020. The decline was mainly due to a slowdown in mortgage refinance activity which resulted in a $724.1 million decline in mortgage warehouse loans.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

◦Residential mortgage loans held in our loan portfolio declined by $227.3 million to $1.4 billion at June 30, 2021 compared to $1.6 billion at December 31, 2020 mainly due to repayments.

•Other assets decreased by $60.2 million to $1.0 billion at June 30, 2021, compared to $1.1 billion at December 31, 2020. The components of other assets are as follows:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Low income housing tax credit investments	$	492,298	$	488,303
Right of use asset for operating leases	100,145		105,667
Fair value of swaps	107,361		149,797
Cash on deposit as swap collateral net of settlement	62,513		82,478
Operating leases - equipment and vehicles leased to others	46,116		55,224
Other assets	194,770		181,934
	$	1,003,203	$	1,063,403

The table above includes the following items:

•We have invested in various limited partnerships that sponsor affordable housing projects using low income housing tax credits.

•The right of use assets for operating leases represents the asset recognized under the lease accounting standard which requires all operating leases to be recorded in the consolidated balance sheets, which are discussed in Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies” in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

•Fair value of swaps reflects the change in value since date of inception of our back-to-back commercial client loan swap program and positions, which are discussed in Note 8. “Derivatives” in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. The decrease was mainly due to the increase in interest rates in the six months ended June 30, 2021.

•Cash on deposit as swap collateral net of settlement represents amounts on deposit with third parties net of settlement to market for exchange traded and over the counter swaps.

•Operating leases - equipment and vehicles leased to others is mainly the remaining balance of leases we acquired in 2019.

•Other assets include income taxes, prepaid insurance, prepaid property taxes, prepaid maintenance, accounts receivable and other miscellaneous assets.

Total liabilities decreased $808.6 million to $24.4 billion at June 30, 2021 as compared to December 31, 2020. The decrease was mainly due to the following:

•FHLB borrowings decreased $382.0 million, fed funds purchased decreased $277.0 million, and Subordinated Notes - Bank declined $143.7 million compared to December 31, 2020. The decreases were funded from excess liquidity generated by increases in our deposit base and loan repayments.

•Other liabilities decreased $38.9 million to $689.8 million at June 30, 2021, compared to $728.7 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease was mainly due to declines in compensation payable, as a result of the payment in the first quarter of accrued bonuses and a decline in the value of swap liabilities due to changes in interest rates.

The decreases above were partially offset by the following increases:

•Total deposits increased $27.2 million to $23.1 billion at June 30, 2021, compared to $23.1 billion at December 31, 2020. Our core deposits were $22.6 billion at June 30, 2021, which represented 97.7% of our total deposit balances. The increase in the first six months of June 30, 2021 included increases primarily in interest bearing and non-interest bearing transaction accounts, money market accounts and municipal deposits. Certificate of deposit accounts declined $563.1 million mainly due to higher costing balances that matured and were not renewed.

•Municipal deposits increased $195.8 million to $1.8 billion at June 30, 2021, compared to $1.6 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase was mainly due to growth generated from our municipal and public sector banking teams.

Supplemental Reporting of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The non-GAAP financial measures presented below are used by our management and our Board of Directors on a regular basis in addition to our GAAP results to facilitate the assessment of our financial performance and to assess our performance compared to our annual budget and strategic plans. These non-GAAP financial measures complement our GAAP reporting and are presented below to provide investors, analysts, regulators and others information that we use to manage and evaluate our performance each period. This information supplements our GAAP reported results, and should not be viewed in isolation from, or as a substitute for, our GAAP results. Accordingly, this financial information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, and notes

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

thereto for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 included elsewhere in this report, and the year ended December 31, 2020, included in our Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed on Form 10-K.


	June 30,
	2021		2020
The following table shows the reconciliation of pretax pre-provision net revenue to adjusted pretax pre-provision net revenue(1):
Net interest income	$	218,527	$	213,299
Non-interest income	30,214		26,090
Total net interest income and non-interest income	248,741		239,389
Non-interest expense	120,629		124,881
Pretax pre-provision net revenue	128,112		114,508

Adjustments:
Net (gain) on sale of securities	—		(485)


Loss on extinguishment of debt	1,243		9,723
Impairment related to financial centers and real estate consolidation strategy	475		—
Merger-related expense	2,481		—

Amortization of non-compete agreements and acquired customer list intangible assets	148		172
Adjusted pretax pre-provision net revenue including accretion income	132,459		123,918
Accretion income	(7,812)		(10,086)
Adjusted pretax pre-provision net revenue excluding accretion income	$	124,647	$	113,832
See legend beginning on page 64.


	June 30,
	2021			2020
The following table shows the reconciliation of stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity and the tangible common equity ratio 2:
Total assets	$	29,143,918		$	30,839,893
Goodwill and other intangibles	(1,769,494)			(1,785,446)
Tangible assets	27,374,424			29,054,447
Stockholders’ equity	4,722,856			4,484,187
Preferred stock	(136,224)			(137,142)
Goodwill and other intangibles	(1,769,494)			(1,785,446)
Tangible common stockholders’ equity	2,817,138			2,561,599
Common stock outstanding at period end	192,715,433			194,458,805
Common stockholders’ equity as a % of total assets	15.74		%	14.10		%
Book value per common share	$	23.80		$	22.35
Tangible common equity as a % of tangible assets	10.29		%	8.82		%
Tangible book value per common share	$	14.62		$	13.17
See legend beginning on page 64.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES


	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
The following table shows the reconciliation of reported return on average tangible assets and adjusted return on average tangible assets 3:
Average assets	$	29,390,977		$	30,732,914		$	29,486,261		$	30,608,673
Average goodwill and other intangibles	(1,771,971)			(1,788,200)			(1,773,848)			(1,790,300)
Average tangible assets	27,619,006			28,944,714			27,712,413			28,818,373
Net income available to common stockholders	96,380			48,820			193,567			60,991
Net income, if annualized	386,579			196,353			390,342			122,317
Reported return on average tangible assets	1.40		%	0.68		%	1.41		%	0.42		%
Adjusted net income (non-GAAP)	$	100,444		$	56,926		$	196,836		$	53,733
Annualized adjusted net income	402,880			228,955			396,934			107,761
Adjusted return on average tangible assets (non-GAAP)	1.46		%	0.79		%	1.43		%	0.38		%
See legend beginning on page 64.


	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
The following table shows the reconciliation of reported net income and reported EPS (GAAP) to adjusted net income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP) and adjusted diluted EPS (non-GAAP)4:
Income before income tax expense	$	122,862	$	57,902	$	244,967	$	64,007
Income tax expense (benefit)	24,523		7,110		47,478		(932)
Net income (GAAP)	98,339		50,792		197,489		64,939
Adjustments:
Net (gain) on sale of securities	—		(485)		(706)		(8,896)


Impairment related to financial centers and real estate consolidation strategy	475		—		1,108		—


Net loss on extinguishment of borrowings	1,243		9,723		1,243		10,467
Merger-related expense	2,481		—		2,481		—
Amortization of non-compete agreements and acquired customer lists	148		172		296		343
Total pre-tax adjustments	4,347		9,410		4,422		1,914
Adjusted pre-tax income	127,209		67,312		249,389		65,921
Adjusted income tax expense	24,806		8,414		48,631		8,240
Adjusted net income (non-GAAP)	102,403		58,898		200,758		57,681
Preferred stock dividend	1,959		1,972		3,922		3,948
Adjusted net income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP)	$	100,444	$	56,926	$	196,836	$	53,733

Weighted average diluted shares	192,292,989		193,604,431		192,456,817		195,168,557
Diluted EPS as reported (GAAP)	$	0.50	$	0.25	$	1.01	$	0.31
Adjusted diluted EPS (non-GAAP)	0.52		0.29		1.02		0.28
See legend beginning on page 64.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES


	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
The following table shows the reconciliation of reported return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity and adjusted return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity 5:
Average stockholders’ equity	$	4,670,718		$	4,464,403		$	4,643,838		$	4,485,470
Average preferred stock	(136,455)			(137,361)			(136,570)			(137,470)
Average goodwill and other intangibles	(1,771,971)			(1,788,200)			(1,773,848)			(1,790,300)
Average tangible common stockholders’ equity	2,762,292			2,538,842			2,733,420			2,557,700
Net income available to common stockholders	96,380			48,820			193,567			60,991
Net income, if annualized	386,579			196,353			390,342			122,317
Reported return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity	13.99		%	7.73		%	14.28		%	4.78		%
Adjusted net income (non-GAAP)	$	100,444		$	56,926		$	196,836		$	53,733
Annualized adjusted net income	402,880			228,955			396,934			107,761
Adjusted return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity (non-GAAP)	14.58		%	9.02		%	14.52		%	4.21		%
See legend beginning below


	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
The following table shows the reconciliation of the reported operating efficiency ratio and adjusted operating efficiency ratio6:
Net interest income	$	218,527		$	213,299		$	436,441		$	425,071
Non-interest income	30,214			26,090			62,570			73,416
Total revenue	248,741			239,389			499,011			498,487
Tax equivalent adjustment on securities	3,115			3,411			6,235			6,865


Net loss (gain) on sale of securities	—			(485)			(706)			(8,896)

Depreciation of operating leases	(2,917)			(3,136)			(6,042)			(6,628)
Adjusted total revenue (non-GAAP)	248,939			239,179			498,498			489,828
Non-interest expense	120,629			124,881			238,794			239,594
Impairment related to financial centers and real estate consolidation strategy	(475)			—			(1,108)			—

Net loss on extinguishment of borrowings	(1,243)			(9,723)			(1,243)			(10,467)
Merger-related expense	(2,481)			—			(2,481)			—
Depreciation of operating leases	(2,917)			(3,136)			(6,042)			(6,628)
Amortization of intangible assets	(3,776)			(4,200)			(7,552)			(8,400)
Adjusted non-interest expense (non-GAAP)	$	109,737		$	107,822		$	220,368		$	214,099
Reported operating efficiency ratio (non-GAAP)	48.5		%	52.2		%	47.9		%	48.1		%
Adjusted operating efficiency ratio (non-GAAP)	44.1			45.1			44.2			43.7
_______________
See legend beginning below.

1 PPNR is a non-GAAP financial measure calculated by summing our GAAP net interest income plus GAAP non-interest income minus our GAAP non-interest expense and eliminating provision for credit losses and income taxes. We believe the use of PPNR provides useful information to readers of our financial statements because it enables an assessment of our ability to generate earnings to cover losses through a credit cycle. Adjusted PPNR includes the adjustments we make for adjusted earnings and excludes accretion income. We believe adjusted PPNR supplements our PPNR calculation. We use this calculation to assess our performance in the current operating environment.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

2 Common stockholders’ equity as a percentage of total assets, book value per common share, tangible common equity as a percentage of tangible assets and tangible book value per common share are non-GAAP measures that provide information to help assess our capital position and financial strength. We believe tangible book value measures improve comparability to other banking organizations that have not engaged in acquisitions that have resulted in the accumulation of goodwill and other intangible assets.

3 Reported return on average tangible assets and adjusted return on average tangible assets are non-GAAP measures that provide information to help assess our profitability.

4 Adjusted net income available to common stockholders and adjusted EPS are non-GAAP measures that present a summary of our earnings, which includes adjustments to exclude certain revenues and expenses (generally associated with discrete merger transactions and non-recurring strategic plans) to help in assessing our recurring profitability. For the purpose of calculating adjusted net income available for common stockholders and adjusted EPS, income tax expense is calculated using the estimated effective income tax rate for the full year in effect for the particular period end, as we believe this is a more accurate presentation of run rate income tax expense and earnings.

5 Reported return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity and the adjusted return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity are non-GAAP measures that provide information to evaluate the use of our tangible common equity.

6 The reported operating efficiency ratio is a non-GAAP measure calculated by dividing our GAAP non-interest expense by the sum of our GAAP net interest income plus GAAP non-interest income. The adjusted operating efficiency ratio is a non-GAAP measure calculated by dividing non-interest expense adjusted for intangible asset amortization and certain expenses generally associated with discrete merger transactions and non-recurring strategic plans by the sum of net interest income plus non-interest income plus the tax equivalent adjustment on securities income and elimination of the impact of gain or loss on sale of securities. The adjusted operating efficiency ratio is a measure we use to assess our operating performance.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Capital. Stockholders’ equity was $4.7 billion as of June 30, 2021, an increase of $132.3 million relative to December 31, 2020. The increase was mainly due to net income of $197.5 million, stock-based compensation and stock option exercises of $16.0 million, partially offset by common stock repurchases of $27.3 million, common shares acquired from stock compensation plan activity of $6.6 million, common dividends of $26.9 million, preferred dividends of $4.4 million, and other comprehensive loss of $15.9 million, which was primarily due to a decline in the fair value of our AFS portfolio.

In the first quarter of 2021, we repurchased 1,235,372 common shares at a cost of $27.3 million and an average price of $22.12 per share. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement with Webster, we did not repurchase any common shares in the open market in the second quarter of 2021.

We paid dividends of $0.07 per common share in each quarter of 2020 and the first two quarters of 2021. On July 21, 2021, our Board of Directors approved a dividend of $0.07 per common share, which is payable August 16, 2021 to our holders of record of August 2, 2021. We paid dividends of $16.25 per preferred share in each quarter of 2020 and the first two quarters of 2021. In addition, on July 15, 2021, we paid a dividend of $16.25 per preferred share.

Liquidity. As discussed in our 2020 Form 10-K, our liquidity position is continuously monitored and we make adjustments to the balance between sources and uses of funds as deemed appropriate. Liquidity risk management is an important element in our asset/liability management process. We regularly model liquidity stress scenarios to assess potential liquidity outflows or funding problems resulting from economic activity, volatility in the financial markets, unexpected credit events or other significant occurrences. Contingencies have been expanded to include analysis of the impact to cash flows associated with outstanding forbearance agreements and other factors associated with the pandemic. These scenarios are incorporated into our contingency funding plan, which provides the basis for the identification of our liquidity needs. As of June 30, 2021, our management is not aware of any events that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, capital resources or operations. In addition, management is not aware of any regulatory recommendations regarding liquidity, including the Basel III liquidity framework, which, if implemented, would have a material adverse effect on us.

At June 30, 2021, the Bank had $487.4 million in cash and cash equivalents on hand and unused borrowing capacity at the FHLB of $6.0 billion. In addition, the Bank may purchase federal funds from other institutions and enter into additional repurchase agreements. The Bank had $2.4 billion of unencumbered securities available to pledge as collateral as of June 30, 2021.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

We are a bank holding company and do not conduct business operations. Our primary sources of liquidity are dividends received from the Bank and borrowings from outside sources. Banking regulations may limit the amount of dividends that may be paid by the Bank. At June 30, 2021, the Bank had capacity to pay approximately $163.7 million of dividends to us under regulatory guidelines without prior regulatory approval.

We had cash on hand of $132.3 million at June 30, 2021. In the first six months of 2021, we received dividends from the Bank of $80.0 million and our primary uses of cash were $27.3 million for common stock repurchases and $31.3 million for dividends.

We have a $35.0 million credit facility with a financial institution for general corporate purposes. The credit facility has no outstanding balance and requires us and the Bank to maintain certain ratios related to capital, non-performing assets to capital, reserves to non-performing loans and debt service coverage. We and the Bank were in compliance with all requirements at June 30, 2021. The facility expires on November 28, 2021.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Management believes that our most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk. The general objective of our interest rate risk management is to determine the appropriate level of risk given our business strategy, and then manage that risk in a manner that is consistent with our policy to limit the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates. The Bank’s Asset/Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”), which consists of certain members of senior management, evaluates the interest rate risk inherent in certain assets and liabilities, our operating environment, and capital and liquidity requirements, and modifies our lending, investing and deposit gathering strategies accordingly. A committee of our Board of Directors reviews ALCO’s activities and strategies, the effect of those strategies on our net interest margin, and the effect that changes in market interest rates would have on the economic value of our loan and securities portfolios, as well as the intrinsic value of our deposits and borrowings.

Management actively evaluates interest rate risk in connection with our lending, investing, and deposit activities. Management emphasizes the origination of CRE loans and C&I loans. We also invest in shorter-term securities, which generally have lower yields compared to longer-term investments. Shortening the average maturity of our interest earning assets by increasing our investments in shorter-term loans and securities may help us to better match the maturities and interest rates of our assets and liabilities, thereby reducing the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates. These strategies may adversely affect net interest income due to lower initial yields on these investments in comparison to longer-term, fixed-rate loans and investments.

Management monitors interest rate sensitivity primarily through the use of a model that simulates net interest income (“NII”) under varying interest rate assumptions. Management also evaluates this sensitivity using a model that estimates the change in our and the Bank’s economic value of equity (“EVE”) over a range of interest rate scenarios. EVE is the present value of expected cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet contracts. The model assumes estimated loan prepayment rates, reinvestment rates and deposit decay rates that management believes is reasonable, based on historical experience during prior interest rate changes.

STERLING BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Estimated Changes in EVE and NII. The table below sets forth, as of June 30, 2021, the estimated changes in our (i) EVE that would result from the designated instantaneous changes in the forward rate curves; and (ii) NII that would result from the designated instantaneous changes in the U.S. Treasury yield curve. Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit decay, and should not be relied on as indicative of actual results.


Interest rates	Estimated		Estimated change in EVE				Estimated		Estimated change in NII
(basis points)	EVE		Amount		Percent		NII		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
+300	$	5,038,435	$	451,345	9.8	%	$	1,060,793	$	185,445	21.2	%
+200	4,999,332		412,242		9.0		1,000,516		125,168		14.3
+100	4,847,539		260,449		5.7		936,772		61,424		7.0
0	4,587,090		—		—		875,348		—		—
-100	4,072,521		(514,569)		(11.2)		810,863		(64,485)		(7.4)

Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodology used in the above interest rate risk measurements. Modeling changes in EVE and NII require making certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. The EVE and NII table presented above assumes that the composition of our interest-rate sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured and, accordingly, the data does not reflect any actions management may undertake in response to changes in interest rates. The table also assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration to maturity or the re-pricing characteristics of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although the EVE and NII table provides an indication of our sensitivity to interest rate changes at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes that market interest rates may have on our net interest income. Actual results will likely differ.

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the federal funds target rate remained in the range 0.00 - 0.25%. U.S. Treasury yields with two year maturities increased 12 basis points from 0.13% to 0.25% over the six months ended June 30, 2021, while the yield on U.S. Treasury 10-year notes increased 52 basis points from 0.93% to 1.45% over the same period. The greater increase in interest rates on longer-term maturities relative to the lesser increase in interest rates on shorter-terms maturities resulted in a steeper 2-10 year U.S. Treasury yield curve at June 30, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020. At its June 2021 meeting, the Federal Open Markets Committee stated that it will be appropriate to maintain the current federal funds target rate until labor market conditions have reached levels consistent with the Committee’s assessment of maximum employment and inflation has risen to two percent and is on track to moderately exceed 2 percent for some time.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective for the purpose of ensuring that the information required to be disclosed in our reports filed with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is: (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms; and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Controls

There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The “Litigation” section of Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies” in the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For information regarding factors that could affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, see the risk factors discussed under Part I, Item 1A of our 2020 Form 10-K.

The risk factors set forth in our 2020 Form 10-K are updated by adding the following risk factors:

Failure to complete our proposed merger with Webster could negatively impact our business, financial results and stock price.

If the merger is not completed for any reason, our ongoing business may be adversely affected, and, without realizing any of the benefits of having completed the merger, we will be subject to a number of risks, including the following:

•we may experience negative reactions from the financial markets, including negative impacts on our stock price;

•the market price of our common stock could decline to the extent that the current market prices reflect a market assumption that the merger will be completed;

•we may experience negative reactions from our customers, vendors and colleagues;

•we will have incurred substantial expenses and will be required to pay certain costs relating to the merger, whether or not the merger is completed, such as legal, accounting, investment banking and advisory and printing fees;

•the Merger Agreement places certain restrictions on the conduct of our business prior to completion of the merger, such restrictions, the waiver of which is subject to the consent of Webster (not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), may adversely affect our ability to execute certain of our business strategies; and

•matters relating to the merger may require substantial commitments of time and resources by our management (including integration planning), which could otherwise have been devoted to other opportunities that may have been beneficial to us, as an independent company.

In addition to the above risks, if the Merger Agreement is terminated and our board of directors seeks another merger or business combination, the market price of our common stock could decline, which could make it more difficult to find a party willing to offer equivalent or more attractive consideration than the consideration Webster has agreed to provide. If the Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances, we may be required to pay a termination fee of $185.0 million to Webster, which may adversely affect the price of our common stock. Any of the above risks could materially affect our business, financial results and stock price.

We face risks and uncertainties related to our proposed merger with Webster.

Uncertainty about the effect of the merger on colleagues and customers may have an adverse effect on us. These uncertainties may impair our ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel until the merger is consummated and for a period of time thereafter, and could cause customers and others that deal with us to seek to change their existing business relationships with us. Colleagues retention may be particularly challenging during the pendency of the merger, as colleagues may experience uncertainty about their roles with the surviving corporation following the merger.

In addition, the Merger Agreement contains provisions that restrict our ability to, among other things, initiate, solicit, knowingly encourage or knowingly facilitate, inquiries or proposals with respect to, or, subject to certain exceptions generally related to our board of directors’ exercise of its fiduciary duties, engage in any negotiations concerning, or provide any confidential information relating to, any alternative business combination proposals. These provisions, which include a $185.0 million termination fee payable under certain circumstances, might discourage a potential competing acquirer that might have an interest in engaging in a superior transaction from considering or proposing that acquisition, or might result in lower value received by our stockholders than would have otherwise been received.

The Company and Webster have operated and, until the completion of the merger, will continue to operate, independently. The success of the merger, including anticipated benefits and cost savings among other things, will depend, in part, on our and Webster's ability to successfully combine and integrate our and Webster’s businesses in a manner that facilitates growth opportunities and realizes cost savings. It is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of key employees, the loss of customers, the disruption of either company’s or both companies’ ongoing business, inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies, unexpected integration issues, higher than expected integration costs and an overall post-completion integration process that takes longer than originally

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anticipated. If the combined companies experience difficulties with the integration process, the anticipated benefits of the merger may not be realized fully or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected.

The Merger Agreement may be terminated in accordance with its terms and the merger may not be completed.

The Merger Agreement is subject to a number of conditions which must be fulfilled in order to complete the merger. Those conditions include: the approval of the merger by our and Webster’s stockholders; the receipt of authorization for listing on the NYSE of the shares of Webster common stock and preferred stock (or depositary shares in respect thereof) to be issued in the merger; the receipt of all required regulatory approvals; the effectiveness of the registration statement on Form S-4 for the shares of Webster common stock and preferred stock (or depositary shares in respect thereof) to be issued in the merger; the absence of any order, injunction or other legal restraint preventing the completion of the merger or making the merger illegal; subject to certain exceptions, the accuracy of representations and warranties under the Merger Agreement; our and Webster’s performance of our and their respective obligations under the Merger Agreement in all material respects; and each of our and Webster’s receipt of a tax opinion to the effect that the merger will be treated as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. These conditions to the closing of the merger may not be fulfilled in a timely manner or at all, and, accordingly, the merger may be delayed or may not be completed.

We and Webster may elect to terminate the Merger Agreement under certain circumstances. Among other situations, if the merger is not completed by April 18, 2022, either we or Webster may choose not to proceed with the merger (unless the failure of the closing to occur by such date was due to the failure of the party seeking to terminate the Merger Agreement to perform or observe the obligations, covenants and agreements of such party set forth in the Merger Agreement). We and Webster can also mutually decide to terminate the Merger Agreement at any time. If the Merger Agreement is terminated, under certain limited circumstances, we may be required to pay a termination fee of $185.0 million to Webster.

Our ability to complete the merger is subject to the receipt of approval from various regulatory agencies, which may impose conditions that could adversely affect us or cause the merger to be abandoned.

Before the transactions contemplated in the Merger Agreement can be completed, the Company and Webster must obtain various approvals, including approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. The terms and conditions of the approvals that are granted may impose conditions, limitations, obligations or costs, or place restrictions on the conduct of the combined company’s business or require changes to the terms of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. Although the Company and Webster do not currently expect that any such conditions or changes would be imposed, there can be no assurance that the regulators will not impose any such conditions, obligations or restrictions, and that such conditions, limitations, obligations or restrictions will not have the effect of delaying or preventing completion of any of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, imposing additional material costs on or materially limiting the revenues of the combined company following the merger or otherwise reduce the anticipated benefits of the merger if the merger were consummated successfully within the expected timeframe, any of which might have an adverse effect on the combined company following the merger.

Because the market price of Webster’s common stock may fluctuate, our stockholders cannot be certain of the precise value of the merger consideration they may receive in the merger.

At the time the merger is completed, each issued and outstanding share of our common stock will be converted into the right to receive 0.4630 of a share of Webster’s common stock.

There will be a time lapse between each of the date of the proxy statement/prospectus for the stockholder meeting to adopt the Merger Agreement, the date on which our stockholders vote to approve the Merger Agreement, and the date on which our stockholders entitled to receive shares of Webster’s common stock actually receive such shares. The market value of Webster’s common stock may fluctuate during these periods as a result of a variety of factors, including general market and economic conditions, changes in Webster’s businesses, operations and prospects, and regulatory considerations. Many of these factors are outside of our and Webster’s control. Consequently, at the time that our stockholders must decide whether to approve the Merger Agreement, they will not know the actual market value of the shares of Webster’s common stock that they will receive when the merger is completed. The actual value of the shares of Webster common stock received by our stockholders will depend on the market value of shares of Webster common stock at the time the Merger is completed. This market value may be less or more than the value used to determine the exchange ratio stated in the Merger Agreement.

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Stockholder litigation could prevent or delay the closing of the proposed merger or otherwise negatively impact our business and operations.

In connection with the merger, lawsuits may be filed against us, Webster, or the directors and officers of either company in connection with the merger. Litigation filed against us, our board of directors or Webster and its board of directors could prevent or delay the completion of the merger or result in the payment of damages following completion of the merger. The defense or settlement of any lawsuit or claim that remains unresolved at the effective time of the merger may adversely affect the combined company's business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and market price.

The risks described above and in our 2020 Form 10-K are not the only risks that we encounter. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or liquidity.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We did not repurchase any common shares in the open market in the second quarter of 2021. We have 13,511,810 shares remaining for repurchase under our Board approved stock repurchase plan; however, under the terms of the Merger Agreement, we have suspended further repurchases.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not Applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not Applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit Number						Description
2.1						Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 18, 2021, by and between the Company and Webster Financial Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 22, 2021).
3.1						Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed November 2, 2018).
3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2017 (File No. 001-35385)).
4.1						Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 1, 2013 (File No. 001-35385)).
4.2						Deposit Agreement and specimen receipt attached as Exhibit A thereto, dated as of March 19, 2013 among Astoria Financial Corporation, Computershare Shareowner Services, LLC, as Depositary, and the holders of the depositary receipts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on April 5, 2017 (File No. 333-217153)).
4.3						First Amendment to the Deposit Agreement, dated as of October 2, 2017, among Sterling Bancorp, Computershare Shareowner Services, LLC, as Depositary, and the holders of the depositary receipts (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 3, 2017 (File No. 001-35385)).
4.4						Certificate of Designations of 6.50% Non-Cumulative, Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A of Sterling Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2017 (File No. 001-35385)).
4.5						Form of Certificate of 6.5% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s Form 8-A12B filed on September 28, 2017 (File No. 001-35385)).
31.1						Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
31.2						Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
32.0						Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
101.INS						XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension schema Document
101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

The Company agrees to furnish to the SEC, upon request, any instrument with respect to long-term debt that the Company has not filed as an exhibit pursuant to the exemption provided by Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Sterling Bancorp

Date:

July 30, 2021

By:

/s/ Jack Kopnisky

Jack Kopnisky

President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:

July 30, 2021

By:

/s/ Beatrice Ordonez

Beatrice Ordonez

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Jack Kopnisky, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Sterling Bancorp;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:

July 30, 2021

By:

/s/ Jack Kopnisky

Jack Kopnisky

President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Beatrice Ordonez, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Sterling Bancorp;

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:

July 30, 2021

By:

/s/ Beatrice Ordonez

Beatrice Ordonez

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 32

Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Jack Kopnisky, Chief Executive Officer and Beatrice Ordonez, Chief Financial Officer of Sterling Bancorp (the “Company”) each certify in his capacity as an officer of the Company that they have reviewed the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and that to the best of their knowledge:

(1)the report fully complies with the requirements of Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)the information contained in the report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company

Date:

July 30, 2021

By:

/s/ Jack Kopnisky

Jack Kopnisky

Chief Executive Officer, President, and Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:

July 30, 2021

By:

/s/ Beatrice Ordonez

Beatrice Ordonez

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Sterling Bancorp and will be retained by Sterling Bancorp and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.