Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
____________________________________________ 
(Mark One)
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017
or
 
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
Commission File Number: 001-33140  
_________________________________________
CAPELLA EDUCATION COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
____________________________________________  
Minnesota
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
41-1717955
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
 
Capella Tower
225 South Sixth Street, 9 th  Floor
Minneapolis, Minnesota
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
55402
(Zip Code)
(888) 227-3552
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
_____________________________________ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   x     No   o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes   x    No   o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company,” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
o
Accelerated filer
x
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
o
 
 
Emerging growth company
o
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   o     No   x

The total number of shares of common stock outstanding as of July 20, 2017 was 11,671,913 .


Table of Contents

CAPELLA EDUCATION COMPANY
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
 
 
 
Page
 
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
Item 1
Item 2
Item 3
Item 4
 
 
 
 
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
Item 1
Item 1A
Item 2
Item 3
Item 4
Item 5
Item 6


2

Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CAPELLA EDUCATION COMPANY
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except par value)
 
As of June 30, 2017
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
118,023

 
$
93,570

Marketable securities, current
42,940

 
45,458

Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $6,198 at June 30, 2017 and $6,682 at December 31, 2016
20,676

 
20,708

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
11,308

 
17,877

Total current assets
192,947

 
177,613

Marketable securities, non-current
18,583

 
23,320

Property and equipment, net
35,793

 
34,121

Goodwill
23,331

 
23,310

Intangibles, net
8,827

 
9,221

Deferred income taxes

 
1,853

Other assets
7,821

 
7,875

Total assets
$
287,302

 
$
277,313

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
2,755

 
$
4,367

Accrued liabilities
24,300

 
31,302

Dividends payable
4,978

 
4,945

Deferred revenue
14,811

 
12,398

Total current liabilities
46,844

 
53,012

Deferred rent
12,957

 
13,693

Deferred income taxes
577

 

Other liabilities
2,087

 
2,316

Total liabilities
62,465

 
69,021

Shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value: Authorized shares — 100,000, Issued and Outstanding shares — 11,672 at June 30, 2017 and 11,545 at December 31, 2016
117

 
115

Additional paid-in capital
125,806

 
121,581

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(3
)
 
(93
)
Retained earnings
98,917

 
86,689

Total shareholders’ equity
224,837

 
208,292

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
287,302

 
$
277,313


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents

CAPELLA EDUCATION COMPANY
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Unaudited)
Revenues
$
109,584

 
$
106,725

 
$
221,372

 
$
212,173

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Instructional costs and services
48,369

 
45,502

 
96,781

 
90,813

Marketing and promotional
27,308

 
24,922

 
54,833

 
50,802

Admissions advisory
7,440


7,285

 
15,103

 
14,708

General and administrative
11,096

 
10,944

 
21,683

 
21,251

Total costs and expenses
94,213

 
88,653

 
188,400

 
177,574

Operating income
15,371

 
18,072

 
32,972

 
34,599

Other income, net
56

 
42

 
163

 
33

Income from continuing operations before income taxes
15,427

 
18,114

 
33,135

 
34,632

Income tax expense
4,672

 
7,040

 
11,209

 
13,282

Income from continuing operations
10,755

 
11,074

 
21,926

 
21,350

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

 
(1,379
)
 
95

 
(2,357
)
Net income
$
10,755

 
$
9,695

 
$
22,021

 
$
18,993

Basic net income (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Continuing operations
$
0.92

 
$
0.95

 
$
1.89

 
$
1.82

   Discontinued operations

 
(0.12
)
 
0.01

 
(0.20
)
Basic net income per common share
$
0.92

 
$
0.83

 
$
1.90

 
$
1.62

Diluted net income (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Continuing operations
$
0.90

 
$
0.93

 
$
1.83

 
$
1.79

   Discontinued operations

 
(0.11
)
 
0.01

 
(0.20
)
Diluted net income per common share
$
0.90

 
$
0.82

 
$
1.84

 
$
1.59

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
11,644

 
11,648

 
11,602

 
11,701

Diluted
11,992

 
11,872

 
11,965

 
11,912

Cash dividend declared per common share
$
0.41

 
$
0.39

 
$
0.82

 
$
0.78


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



4

Table of Contents

CAPELLA EDUCATION COMPANY
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Unaudited)
Net income
$
10,755

 
$
9,695

 
$
22,021

 
$
18,993

Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)

 
(41
)
 
3

 
88

Unrealized gains on available for sale securities, net of tax
5

 
37

 
87

 
95

Comprehensive income
$
10,760

 
$
9,691

 
$
22,111

 
$
19,176


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


5

Table of Contents

CAPELLA EDUCATION COMPANY
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
Operating activities
(Unaudited)
Net income
$
22,021

 
$
18,993

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
95

 
(2,357
)
Income from continuing operations
21,926

 
21,350

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Provision for bad debts
5,225

 
4,814

Depreciation and amortization
10,112

 
10,349

Amortization of investment discount/premium, net
855

 
1,113

Impairment of property and equipment
440

 

Loss on disposal of property and equipment
243

 
144

Share-based compensation
3,479

 
4,432

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation

 
(348
)
Deferred income taxes
2,443

 
(352
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(5,194
)
 
(5,713
)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
294

 
(4,522
)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
(9,470
)
 
6,492

Income taxes payable
3,219

 
929

Deferred rent
(735
)
 
(472
)
Deferred revenue
2,413

 
4,603

Net cash provided by operating activities - continuing operations
35,250

 
42,819

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities - discontinued operations
95

 
(476
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
35,345

 
42,343

Investing activities
 
 
 
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired

 
(32,118
)
Capital expenditures
(12,116
)
 
(9,977
)
Investment in partnership interest
(354
)
 
(3,203
)
Purchases of marketable securities
(29,456
)
 
(12,737
)
Maturities of marketable securities
35,995

 
13,625

Net cash used in investing activities - continuing operations
(5,931
)
 
(44,410
)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities - discontinued operations
3,243

 
(74
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(2,688
)
 
(44,484
)
Financing activities
 
 
 
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation

 
348

Net payments related to share-based award activities
1,273

 
1,551

Payment of dividends
(9,479
)
 
(9,214
)
Repurchases of common stock

 
(15,012
)
Net cash used in financing activities - continuing operations
(8,206
)

(22,327
)
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash
2

 
(9
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
24,453

 
(24,477
)
Cash and cash equivalents and cash of business held for sale at beginning of period
93,570

 
88,027

Cash and cash equivalents and cash of business held for sale at end of period
118,023

 
63,550

Less cash of business held for sale at end of period

 
(2,109
)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
118,023

 
$
61,441

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
 
 
 
Income taxes paid
$
5,562

 
$
12,703

Non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
 
 
Purchase of equipment included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
741

 
$
342

Declaration of cash dividend to be paid
4,847

 
4,609

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

6

Table of Contents

CAPELLA EDUCATION COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

1. Nature of Business

Capella Education Company (the Company) was incorporated on December 27, 1991, and is the parent company of its wholly owned subsidiaries, Capella University, Inc. (the University); Sophia Learning, LLC (Sophia); Capella Learning Solutions, LLC (CLS); Hackbright Academy, Inc. (Hackbright); and DevMountain, LLC (DevMountain). The University, founded in 1993, is an online postsecondary education services company offering a variety of bachelor's, master's and doctoral degree programs primarily delivered to working adults. The University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Sophia is an innovative learning company which leverages technology to support self-paced learning, including courses eligible for transfer into credit at over 2,000 colleges and universities. CLS provides online non-degree, high-demand, job-ready skills training solutions and services to individuals and corporate partners through Capella University's learning platform. Hackbright is a leading software engineering school for women with a mission to close the gender gap in the high-demand software engineering space. DevMountain is a leading software development school with a mission to be the most impactful coding school in the country by offering affordable, high-quality, leading-edge software coding education.

On February 8, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to divest its wholly owned subsidiary, Arden University Limited (Arden University). On August 18, 2016 , the Company completed the sale of 100% of the share capital of Arden University. Beginning in the first quarter of 2016 and through the date of sale of the business, the assets and liabilities of Arden University were considered to be held for sale, and the Company presented Arden University as discontinued operations within the financial statements and footnotes.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the University, Sophia, CLS, Hackbright, DevMountain, and Arden University after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions. Arden University was divested during the third quarter of 2016, and prior to the date of sale was presented as discontinued operations within the financial statements and corresponding footnotes. Arden operates on a fiscal year ending October 31, and prior to the date of sale, this was also the date used for consolidation. Refer to Footnote 4, Discontinued Operations, for further information related to the divestiture of Arden University. During the second quarter of 2016, the Company acquired Hackbright and DevMountain. The Company accounted for these acquisitions as business combinations as of the close of each transaction. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed in conjunction with the acquisitions were recorded at fair value as of the respective acquisition dates, with the results of operations reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income from the acquisition dates going forward. Refer to Footnote 13, Acquisitions, for further information related to these acquisitions.

Reclassifications
During the first quarter of 2017, we reclassified our variable rate demand notes from cash and cash equivalents to marketable securities, current within the Consolidated Balance Sheet to better reflect the nature of these assets. Prior periods have not been restated to conform to the updated classification as marketable securities because the variable rate demand notes were not material to the Company's financial statements as of December 31, 2016 .

Share-Based Compensation
The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for share-based payment awards made to employees and directors, including employee stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), performance-based restricted stock units, and market stock units (MSUs) based on estimated fair values of the share award on the date of grant. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . Refer to Footnote 3 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements, for discussion of the impact of adoption of this standard.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the

7


instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present a fair statement of the Company's consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 ( 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K).

Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Refer to the Company’s “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” footnote included within the 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a complete summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies.

3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2017-09, Scope of Modification Accounting , which is included in FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 718 Compensation - Stock Compensation . The new standard clarifies when changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards must be treated as modifications. Specifically, the new guidance permits companies to make certain changes to awards without accounting for them as modifications. The guidance will be effective for the Company’s annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its business practices, financial condition, results of operations, or disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment , which is included in ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other . The new standard eliminates the quantitative goodwill impairment analysis requirement to determine the fair value of individual assets and liabilities of a reporting unit to determine the amount of any goodwill impairment and instead permits an entity to recognize goodwill impairment loss as the excess of a reporting unit's carrying value over the estimated fair value of the reporting unit, to the extent this amount does not exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The new guidance continues to allow an entity to perform a qualitative assessment over goodwill impairment indicators in lieu of a quantitative assessment in certain situations. The guidance will be effective for the Company's annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2017, and it did not have a material impact on its business practices, financial condition, results of operations, or disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business, included in ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations , which revises the definition of a business. The revised definition clarifies that outputs must be the result of inputs and substantive processes that provide goods or services to customers, other revenue, or investment income. The guidance will be effective for the Company's annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the new definition of a business during the first quarter of 2017, and it did not have a material impact on its business practices, financial condition, results of operations, or disclosures.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments , which is included in ASC Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows . The new guidance clarifies how companies present and classify certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows, including contingent consideration payments made after a business acquisition. Specifically, cash payments to settle a contingent consideration liability which are not made soon after the acquisition date should be classified as cash used in financing activities up to the initial amount of contingent consideration recognized with the remaining amount classified as cash flows from operating activities. The guidance will be effective for the Company's annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its business practices, financial condition, results of operations, or disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which is included in ASC Topic 326 , Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments . The new guidance revises the accounting requirements related to the measurement of credit losses and will require organizations to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts about collectability. Assets must be presented

8


in the financial statements at the net amount expected to be collected. The guidance will be effective for the Company's annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect
adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its business practices, financial condition, results of operations, or
disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting , which changes how companies will account for certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. As part of the new guidance, entities will be required to record the impact of income taxes arising from share-based compensation when awards vest or are settled within earnings as part of income tax expense rather than recorded as part of additional paid-in capital (APIC) and will eliminate the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized prior to recognition. Additionally, the guidance requires entities to present excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. Furthermore, companies will be required to make an accounting policy election at the time of adoption of the new guidance to either account for forfeitures of share-based awards in a manner similar to today's requirements (i.e., estimating the number of awards expected to be forfeited at the grant date and adjusting the estimate when awards are actually forfeited), or recognizing forfeitures as they occur with no estimate of forfeitures determined at the grant date. Entities will apply the forfeiture election provision using a modified retrospective transition approach, with a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Finally, the new guidance simplifies the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements for employers who withhold shares upon settlement of an award on behalf of an employee to cover tax obligations. Specifically, the new guidance allows entities to withhold an amount up to the employees’ maximum individual tax rate in the relevant jurisdiction without resulting in liability classification of the award. The adoption of this guidance will result in volatility within our results of operations, primarily due to changes in our stock price. The Company adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2017.

As part of its adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, the Company made an accounting policy election to change the way in which it accounts for forfeitures of share-based awards. Specifically, beginning in the first quarter of 2017, the Company recognizes forfeitures of share-based awards as they occur in the period of forfeiture rather than estimating the number of awards expected to be forfeited at the grant date and subsequently adjusting the estimate when awards are actually forfeited. The change in accounting policy to recognize forfeitures of share-based awards as they occur resulted in a net cumulative decrease in retained earnings of $0.2 million as of January 1, 2017. Additionally, in accordance with the provisions of ASU No. 2016-09, excess tax benefits or deficiencies arising from share-based awards are now reflected within the Consolidated Statements of Income as a component of income tax expense rather than as a component of shareholder's equity. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 , the Company recognized $1.6 million of excess tax benefits related to share-based awards as a reduction to income tax expense within the Consolidated Statement of Income. The Company's adoption of the new standard also resulted in the prospective classification of excess tax benefits as cash flows from operating activities in the same manner as other cash flows related to income taxes within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Based on the prospective method of adoption chosen, the classification of excess tax benefits within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for prior periods presented has not been adjusted to reflect the change.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases , to require organizations that lease assets to recognize right-to-use assets and lease liabilities for all leases with terms longer than 12 months on the balance sheet in addition to disclosing certain key information about leasing arrangements. The new standard requires a modified retrospective transition approach, meaning the guidance would be applied at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented within the financial statements in the year of adoption. The guidance will be effective for the Company's annual reporting period beginning January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects to adopt this standard at the beginning of fiscal year 2019, and all leases with terms longer than 12 months will be recorded as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet upon adoption. The Company does not expect adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our business practices, financial condition, results of operations, disclosures, liquidity, or debt-covenant compliance.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities . The new guidance revises the accounting requirements related to the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. The update also changes certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. These changes will require an entity to measure, at fair value, investments in equity securities and other ownership interests in an entity - including investments in partnerships, unincorporated joint ventures and limited liability companies that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method - and recognize the changes in fair value within net income. The guidance will be effective for the Company's annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2018, and early adoption is generally not permitted for most provisions. The Company is evaluating the impact this standard will have on its business practices, financial condition, results of operations, and disclosures.


9


In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This ASU is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that creates a single source of revenue guidance for all companies in all industries. The model is more principles-based than current guidance, and is primarily based on recognizing revenue at an amount that reflects consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. The standard allows the Company to transition to the new model using either a full or modified retrospective approach. Under the original ASU, the guidance was effective for the Company's interim and annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2017, and early adoption was not permitted. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Deferral of the Effective Date , which formally defers the effective date of the new revenue standard for public entities by one year. As a result, the updated revenue guidance will be effective for the Company's interim and annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2018, and early adoption is permitted as of the original effective date contained within ASU 2014-09. The Company’s ongoing process of evaluating the impact this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements includes performing a detailed review of each of its revenue streams and comparing historical accounting policies and practices to the new standard. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its business practices, financial condition or results of operations. The Company will provide expanded disclosures pertaining to revenue recognition in our annual and quarterly filings beginning in the period of adoption. The Company expects to adopt the provisions of this standard in the first quarter of 2018, and is continuing to evaluate its method of adoption.

The Company has reviewed and considered all other recent accounting pronouncements and believes there are none that could potentially have a material impact on its business practices, financial condition, results of operations, or disclosures.

4. Discontinued Operations

On February 8, 2016 , the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to divest Arden University. On August 18, 2016 , the Company completed the sale of 100 percent of the share capital of Arden University for a sale price of £15.0 million , of which £11.5 million ( $13.9 million , net of transaction-related fees) was paid in cash at closing, with an additional £1.0 million , or $1.3 million , paid on November 15, 2016 , and the remaining amount due of £2.5 million plus interest, or $3.2 million , paid on February 28, 2017. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a gain of $0.1 million related to interest on the November 2016 and February 2017 deferred payments.

A reconciliation of the line items comprising the results of operations of the Arden University business to the income (loss) from discontinued operations through the date of sale presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , in thousands, is included in the following table:

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues
$

 
$
3,425

 
$

 
$
6,695

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Instructional costs and services

 
1,650

 

 
3,311

Marketing and promotional

 
1,263

 

 
2,555

Admissions advisory

 
240

 

 
513

General and administrative

 
1,968

 

 
2,921

Total costs and expenses

 
5,121

 

 
9,300

Operating loss

 
(1,696
)
 

 
(2,605
)
Gain on sale of Arden

 

 
149

 

Other income (expense), net

 
35

 

 
(34
)
Income (loss) before income taxes

 
(1,661
)
 
149

 
(2,639
)
Income tax expense (benefit)

 
(282
)
 
54

 
(282
)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
$

 
$
(1,379
)
 
$
95

 
$
(2,357
)


10


5. Net Income per Common Share

Basic net income per common share is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Dilutive shares are computed using the Treasury Stock method and include the incremental effect of shares that would be issued upon the assumed exercise of stock options, settlement of restricted stock, and satisfaction of service conditions for market stock units.
The following table presents a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator in the basic and diluted net income per common share calculation, in thousands, except per share data:  
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
$
10,755

 
$
11,074

 
$
21,926

 
$
21,350

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

 
(1,379
)
 
95

 
(2,357
)
Net income
$
10,755

 
$
9,695

 
$
22,021

 
$
18,993

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator for basic net income per common share— weighted average shares outstanding
11,644

 
11,648

 
11,602

 
11,701

Effect of dilutive stock options, restricted stock, and market stock units
348

 
224

 
363

 
211

Denominator for diluted net income per common share— weighted average shares outstanding
11,992

 
11,872

 
11,965

 
11,912

Basic net income (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.92

 
$
0.95

 
$
1.89

 
$
1.82

Discontinued operations

 
(0.12
)
 
0.01

 
(0.20
)
Basic net income per common share
$
0.92

 
$
0.83

 
$
1.90

 
$
1.62

Diluted net income (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.90

 
$
0.93

 
$
1.83

 
$
1.79

Discontinued operations

 
(0.11
)
 
0.01

 
(0.20
)
Diluted net income per common share
$
0.90

 
$
0.82

 
$
1.84

 
$
1.59


Options to purchase common shares were outstanding, but not included in the computation of diluted net income per common share on both a continuing and discontinued basis, because their effect would be anti-dilutive. The following table summarizes these securities, in thousands:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from diluted earnings per share calculation, for both continuing and discontinued operations
121

 
415

 
106

 
451



11


6. Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of available-for-sale securities, in thousands:  
 
As of June 30, 2017
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross Unrealized (Losses)
 
Estimated Fair Value
Tax-exempt municipal securities
$
42,627

 
$
16

 
$
(30
)
 
$
42,613

Corporate debt securities
6,966

 
14

 

 
6,980

Variable rate demand notes
11,930

 

 

 
11,930

Total
$
61,523

 
$
30

 
$
(30
)
 
$
61,523

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross Unrealized (Losses)
 
Estimated Fair Value
Tax-exempt municipal securities
$
63,113

 
$
2

 
$
(152
)
 
$
62,963

Corporate debt securities
5,804

 
13

 
(2
)
 
5,815

Total
$
68,917

 
$
15

 
$
(154
)
 
$
68,778


The unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s investments in municipal and corporate debt securities as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were caused by changes in market values primarily due to interest rate changes. All of the Company's securities which were in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2017 had been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months. The Company does not intend to sell these securities, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell these securities prior to the recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. No other-than-temporary impairment charges were recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 .
The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company’s marketable securities, in thousands:  
 
As of June 30,
2017
 
As of December 31, 2016
Due within one year
$
42,940

 
$
45,458

Due after one year through five years
18,583

 
23,320

Total
$
61,523

 
$
68,778


Amounts due within one year in the table above included $11.9 million of variable rate demand notes, with contractual maturities ranging from 9 years to 31 years as of June 30, 2017 . The variable rate demand notes are floating rate municipal bonds with embedded put options that allow the Company to sell the security at par plus accrued interest on a settlement basis ranging from one day to seven days . We have classified these securities based on their effective maturity date, which ranges from one day to seven days from the balance sheet date.

The following table summarizes the proceeds from the maturities of available-for-sale securities, in thousands:  
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Maturities of marketable securities
$
25,455

 
$
3,065

 
$
35,995

 
$
13,625

Total
$
25,455

 
$
3,065

 
$
35,995

 
$
13,625


The Company did not record any gross realized gains or gross realized losses in net income during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 . Additionally, there were no proceeds from sales of marketable securities prior to maturity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 .


12


7. Fair Value Measurements

The following tables summarize certain information for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, in thousands:  
 
 
Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2017 Using
Description
 
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
 
$
28,976

 
$
28,976

 
$

 
$

Money market
 
89,047

 
89,047

 

 

Marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax-exempt municipal securities
 
42,613

 

 
42,613

 

Corporate debt securities
 
6,980

 

 
6,980

 

Variable rate demand notes
 
11,930

 

 
11,930

 

Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis
 
$
179,546

 
$
118,023

 
$
61,523

 
$

 
 
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2016 Using
Description
 
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash
 
$
24,658

 
$
24,658

 
$

 
$

Money market
 
68,237

 
68,237

 

 

Variable rate demand notes
 
675

 

 
675

 

Marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tax-exempt municipal securities
 
62,963

 

 
62,963

 

Corporate debt securities
 
5,815

 

 
5,815

 

Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis
 
$
162,348

 
$
92,895

 
$
69,453

 
$


The Company measures cash and money markets at fair value primarily using real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets. The Company’s marketable securities are classified within Level 2 and are valued using readily available pricing sources for comparable instruments utilizing observable inputs from active markets. The Company does not hold securities in inactive markets. The Company did not have any transfers of assets between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value measurement hierarchy during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 .

Level 3 Measurements

DevMountain Contingent Consideration

In connection with the acquisition of DevMountain, the Company agreed to pay the former owners of DevMountain up to an additional $5.0 million in contingent consideration pending the achievement of certain revenue and operating performance metrics. The fair value of the contingent consideration is determined using a discounted cash flow model encompassing significant unobservable inputs. During the third quarter of 2016, the Company recorded a measurement period adjustment to reduce the fair value of the contingent consideration to zero , based on our revised assessment of the timing of cash flows as of the acquisition date. The key assumptions and terms underlying the valuation include probability-weighted cash flows for the applicable performance periods, the discount rate, and a three -year measurement period, with potential cash payments taking place at the end of each annual period through 2018 based upon the achievement of established performance targets. No payments were made related to the 2016 performance period. Reasonable changes in the unobservable inputs do not result in a material change in the fair value.


13


The following table presents a reconciliation of the fair value of the DevMountain contingent consideration, in thousands:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Balance, beginning of period
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Initial fair value of contingent consideration
 

 
1,500

 

 
1,500

Balance, end of period
 
$

 
$
1,500

 
$

 
$
1,500


8. Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of the following, in thousands:  
 
As of June 30, 2017
 
As of December 31, 2016
Accrued compensation and benefits
$
6,745

 
$
12,976

Accrued instructional
3,686

 
3,811

Accrued vacation
2,358

 
1,111

Accrued invoices
9,349

 
11,252

Other (1)
2,162

 
2,152

Total
$
24,300

 
$
31,302

 
(1) "Other" consists primarily of the current portion of deferred rent, customer deposits, and other miscellaneous accruals.

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases
The Company leases its office facilities and certain office equipment under various noncancelable operating leases. On August 5, 2016 , the Company entered into an amendment of its lease with Minneapolis 225 Holdings, LLC pursuant to which the Company renewed and extended its existing lease for premises at 225 South Sixth Street in Minneapolis, Minnesota through October 31, 2028 . Renewal terms under the amended lease agreement include a reduction in the area of leased space occupied by the Company of approximately 64,000 square feet and provide for lease incentives of approximately $13.6 million . The lease incentives, which were paid in cash to the Company by the lessor upon closing, are included within deferred rent and accrued liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheet and will be recognized ratably as a reduction of rent expense over the term of the lease. The agreement allows the Company to extend the lease for up to two additional five -year terms.

The following presents the Company's future minimum lease commitments as of June 30, 2017 , in thousands:
 
2017
$
3,873

2018
6,712

2019
5,668

2020
5,233

2021
4,681

2022 and thereafter
32,879

Total
$
59,046


The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, although the lease may include escalation clauses providing for lower payments at the beginning of the lease term and higher payments at the end of the lease term. Cash or lease incentives received from lessors are recognized on a straight-line basis as a reduction to rent expense from the date the Company takes possession of the property through the end of the lease term. The Company includes the short-term and long-term components of the unamortized portion of the lease incentives within accrued liabilities and deferred rent, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Revolving Credit Facility

14


On December 18, 2015 , the Company entered into a secured revolving credit facility (the Facility) with Bank of America, N.A., and certain other lenders. The Facility provides the Company with a committed $100.0 million of borrowing capacity with an increase option of an additional $50.0 million . The Company's obligations under the Facility are guaranteed by all existing material domestic subsidiaries and secured by substantially all assets of the Company and such subsidiaries. The Facility expires on December 18, 2020 .

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus an applicable rate of 1.75% to 2.25% based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio or, at the Company’s option, an alternative base rate (defined as the higher of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.5% ; (b) Bank of America’s prime rate; or (c) the one-month LIBOR plus 1.0% ) plus an applicable rate of 0.75% to 1.25% based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. The Credit Agreement requires payment of a commitment fee, based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio, charged on the unused credit facility. The Company recorded commitment fee expenses of $0.1 million and $0.2 million in other income, net, for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , and the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Outstanding letters of credit are also charged a fee, based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. The Company capitalized approximately $0.8 million of debt issuance costs related to the December 18, 2015 credit facility, and these costs are being amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of five years. Charges related to the Facility are included in other income, net.

The Credit Agreement contains certain covenants that, among other things, require maintenance of certain financial ratios, as defined in the agreement. Failure to comply with the covenants contained in the Credit Agreement will constitute an event of default and could result in termination of the agreement and require payment of all outstanding borrowings. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , there were no borrowings under the Facility, and the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants.

Litigation
In the ordinary conduct of business, the Company is subject to various lawsuits and claims covering a wide range of matters including, but not limited to, claims involving learners or graduates and routine employment matters. While the outcome of these matters is uncertain, the Company does not believe there are any significant matters as of June 30, 2017 that are probable and estimable, for which the outcome could have a material adverse impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.

10. Share Repurchase Program and Dividends

Share Repurchase Program
The Company announced its current share repurchase program in July 2008. The Board of Directors authorizes repurchases of outstanding shares of common stock from time to time depending on market conditions and other considerations. A summary of the Company’s comprehensive share repurchase activity from the program's commencement through June 30, 2017 , all of which was part of its publicly announced program, is presented below, in thousands:  
Board authorizations:
 
July 2008
$
60,000

August 2010
60,662

February 2011
65,000

December 2011
50,000

August 2013
50,000

December 2015
50,000

Total amount authorized
335,662

Total value of shares repurchased
305,231

Residual authorization
$
30,431


The following table summarizes shares repurchased, in thousands:
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
Shares repurchased

 
308

Total consideration, excluding commissions
$

 
$
15,000


15



As of June 30, 2017 , the Company had purchased an aggregate of 6.6 million shares under the program’s outstanding authorizations at an average price per share of $46.12 totaling $305.2 million , excluding commissions.

Dividends
During the six months ended June 30, 2017 , the Company declared the following cash dividends, in thousands except per share amounts:
Declaration Date
 
Record Date
 
Payment Date
 
Dividend per Share
 
Total Dividend Amount
February 22, 2017
 
March 10, 2017
 
April 13, 2017
 
$
0.41

 
$
4,813

May 2, 2017
 
May 24, 2017
 
July 14, 2017
 
$
0.41

 
$
4,847


Of the total dividend amount declared in the current quarter, $4.8 million is attributable to shares of common stock outstanding as of the record date and restricted stock units (RSUs) expected to vest in the next twelve months. This amount, along with the portion of dividends declared in prior quarters related to unvested RSUs, is included within dividends payable in the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2017 . The remaining balance is attributable to dividends declared on restricted stock units expected to vest subsequent to the next twelve months and is classified as other liabilities in the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2017 . Dividends declared on RSUs are forfeitable prior to vesting. All future dividends are subject to declaration by the Company's Board of Directors and may be adjusted due to future business needs or other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors.

11. Share-Based Compensation

The table below reflects the Company’s share-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of income, in thousands:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Instructional costs and services
$
240

 
$
163

 
$
428

 
$
371

Marketing and promotional
257

 
206

 
468

 
389

Admissions advisory
12

 
14

 
25

 
27

General and administrative
1,696

 
1,236

 
2,558

 
3,645

Share-based compensation expense included in operating income
2,205

 
1,619

 
3,479

 
4,432

Tax benefit from share-based compensation expense
864

 
611

 
1,350

 
1,674

Share-based compensation expense, net of tax
$
1,341

 
$
1,008

 
$
2,129

 
$
2,758


12. Other Investments

At June 30, 2017 , the Company held a $3.3 million investment in a limited partnership that invests in innovative companies in the health care field, with a commitment to invest up to an additional $1.3 million through February 2024. At December 31, 2016 , the Company's investment in the limited partnership was $2.9 million . During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , the Company made investments totaling $0.4 million and $0.1 million , respectively, in the partnership. The Company's investment comprises less than 3% of the total partnership interest; accordingly, the Company designated the investment as a cost method investment and classified it within other assets in the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 .

At June 30, 2017 , the Company held a $3.1 million investment in a limited partnership that invests in education and education-related technology companies, with a commitment to invest up to an additional $1.7 million through December 2025. At December 31, 2016 , the Company's investment in the limited partnership was $3.1 million . During the six months ended June 30, 2017 , there were no investments in the limited partnership, and during the six months ended June 30, 2016 , the Company made investments totaling $3.1 million in the partnership. The Company's investment comprises less than 5% of the total partnership interest, and the Company designated the investment as a cost method investment and classified it within other assets in the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016


16


In June 2017, the Company committed to invest up to $2.3 million in a limited partnership that invests in education and education-related technology companies through September 2027. As of June 30, 2017 , the Company had made no investments in the partnership.

The fair value of the Company’s cost method investments is not estimated if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that management considers to have a significant adverse impact on the fair value of the partnership investments. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , no events or changes in circumstances which could have a significant adverse impact on the fair value of the partnership investments were identified. When measured on a nonrecurring basis, if changes in circumstances are identified, the Company’s other investments classified as cost method investments are considered to be Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to the use of unobservable inputs to measure fair value. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , no impairment charges were recorded related to the Company’s cost method investments.

13. Acquisitions

On April 22, 2016 , the Company acquired 100 percent of the share capital of Sutter Studios, Inc. d/b/a Hackbright Academy, Inc. (Hackbright) for $18.0 million in cash paid at closing. Hackbright is a leading software engineering school for women, with a mission to increase female representation in the technology sector. Hackbright, headquartered in San Francisco, offers in-person, immersive 12-week full-time educational programs in software engineering as well as part-time programs. Upon acquisition, the Company changed the official corporate name of Hackbright to Hackbright Academy, Inc.

On May 4, 2016 , the Company acquired 100 percent of the membership interests in DevMountain, LLC (DevMountain). DevMountain is a leading software development school with a mission to be the most impactful coding school in the country by offering affordable, high-quality, leading-edge software coding education. The purchase price of the DevMountain acquisition consisted of $15.0 million in cash paid at closing, and up to an additional $5.0 million in contingent consideration to be paid at the end of three successive, non-cumulative periods based upon the achievement of established revenue and operating performance targets. The liability associated with the expected payment of the contingent consideration obligation was preliminarily valued at $1.5 million at the acquisition date. During the third quarter of 2016, the Company recorded a measurement period adjustment to reduce the fair value of the contingent consideration to zero based on our revised assessment of the timing of cash flows as of the acquisition date. This measurement period adjustment was reflected as a corresponding decrease to goodwill as of the acquisition date. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability was determined using a discounted cash flow valuation methodology utilizing significant unobservable inputs.

Hackbright and DevMountain's core competencies of providing the 21st Century workforce with job-ready skills in a highly competitive market are consistent with the Company's strategy to expand its addressable market and offer working adults the most direct path between learning and employment. The Company incurred approximately $1.4 million of transaction costs in connection with the acquisitions of Hackbright and DevMountain, and these costs are included in general and administrative expenses within the the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 .

The Company accounted for these acquisitions as business combinations, with the net assets acquired recognized at fair value at the date of acquisition. The results of operations of Hackbright and DevMountain are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income beginning on their respective dates of acquisition and within the Job-Ready Skills reportable segment for segment reporting purposes. The Company has not provided pro forma information or the revenues and operating results of the acquired entities because the revenues and results of operations are not material to the Company's consolidated revenues or consolidated results of operations.

A reconciliation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed to the net cash paid to acquire Hackbright and DevMountain on the acquisition date is shown in the table below, in thousands:


17


 
Hackbright
 
DevMountain
Cash and cash equivalents
$
499

 
$
336

Other assets
407

 
745

Intangibles:
 
 
 
     Trade Name
4,500

 
3,400

     Customer Relationships
800

 

     Course Content
900

 
200

Goodwill
12,659

 
10,672

Deferred tax asset (liability)
(988
)
 
12

Liabilities assumed
(788
)
 
(418
)
Total assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net
17,989

 
14,947

Less: Fair value of contingent consideration

 

Less: Cash acquired
(499
)
 
(336
)
Cash paid for acquisition, net of cash acquired
$
17,490

 
$
14,611


The Company determined the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on assumptions that reasonable market participants would use while employing the concept of highest and best use of the assets and liabilities. The Company utilized the following assumptions, some of which include significant unobservable inputs which would qualify the valuations as Level 3 measurements, and valuation methodologies to determine fair value:
Intangible assets - The Company used income approaches to value the acquired intangibles. The trade names were valued using the relief-from-royalty method, which represents the benefit of owning these intangible assets rather than paying royalties for their use. Course content was valued using the differential income method, and the customer relationships were valued using the excess earnings method.
Deferred revenue - The Company estimated the fair value of deferred revenue using the cost build-up method, which represents the cost to deliver the services, plus a normal profit margin. Deferred revenue is included in liabilities assumed within the schedule of assets acquired and liabilities assumed above.
Contingent consideration liability - The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined using a discounted cash flow model encompassing significant unobservable inputs, including the discount rate and probability weighted cash flows over the performance period.
Other current and noncurrent assets and liabilities - The carrying value of all other assets and liabilities approximated fair value at the time of acquisition.

The Company assigned an indefinite useful life to the trade name intangible assets, as it is believed these assets have the ability to generate cash flows indefinitely. In addition, there are no legal, regulatory, contractual, economic or other factors to limit the useful life of the trade name intangibles. All acquired intangible assets other than trade names were determined to be finite-lived and are being amortized on a straight-line basis, which is consistent with the expected use of economic benefits associated with these assets. The weighted-average useful life of the acquired finite-lived intangible assets is 2.7 years.

Goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisitions is primarily attributable to the expected future earnings potential of the Company as a result of the enhanced opportunity to expand the Company's addressable market and drive enrollment growth. The goodwill recognized in connection with the acquisitions has been allocated to the Job-Ready Skills reportable segment and will be evaluated for impairment (along with the indefinite-lived trade names intangible assets) as of the first day of the fourth quarter consistent with the Company's existing impairment policy. Goodwill recognized from the Hackbright acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes, and goodwill related to DevMountain is deductible for tax purposes.


18


14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, in thousands:
 
Foreign Currency Translation Loss
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Marketable Securities
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (1)
Beginning balance, December 31, 2016
$
(6
)
 
$
(87
)
 
$
(93
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
3

 
87

 
90

Ending balance, June 30, 2017
$
(3
)
 
$

 
$
(3
)

(1)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss is presented net of tax of $52 thousand as of December 31, 2016 .

There were no reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2017 and 2016 .

15. Segment Reporting

Capella Education Company is an educational services company that provides access to high-quality education through online postsecondary degree programs and job-ready skills offerings in high-demand markets. Capella’s portfolio of companies is dedicated to closing the skills gap by placing adults on the most direct path between learning and employment.

Our only operating segment that meets the quantitative thresholds to qualify as a reportable segment is the Post-Secondary segment, which consists of the Capella University and Sophia businesses. None of our other operating segments meet the quantitative thresholds to qualify as reportable segments; therefore, these other operating segments are combined and presented below as Job-Ready Skills. The Job-Ready Skills reportable segment is comprised of the CLS, Hackbright, and DevMountain businesses.

Revenue and operating expenses are generally directly attributed to our segments. Inter-segment revenues are not presented separately, as these amounts are immaterial. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker does not evaluate operating segments using asset information.

A summary of financial information by reportable segment (in thousands) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 is presented in the following table. Beginning in the first quarter of 2016 through the date of the sale of the business, Arden University was considered to be held for sale, and because Arden's results of operations are presented as discontinued operations within our Consolidated Statements of Income, the summary of financial information by reportable segment below excludes the results of operations of Arden University for all periods presented.

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Post-Secondary
$
106,974

 
$
105,789

 
$
216,455

 
$
211,216

     Job-Ready Skills
2,610

 
936

 
4,917

 
957

Consolidated Revenues
$
109,584

 
$
106,725

 
$
221,372

 
$
212,173

Operating income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Post-Secondary
$
17,754

 
$
21,566

 
$
38,005

 
$
39,285

     Job-Ready Skills
(2,383
)
 
(3,494
)
 
(5,033
)
 
(4,686
)
Consolidated operating income
15,371

 
18,072

 
32,972

 
34,599

Other income, net
56

 
42

 
163

 
33

Income from continuing operations before income taxes
$
15,427

 
$
18,114

 
$
33,135

 
$
34,632



19


16. Regulatory Supervision and Oversight

Political and budgetary concerns can significantly affect the Title IV Programs. Congress reauthorizes the Higher Education Act ( HEA) and other laws governing Title IV Programs approximately every five to eight years. The last reauthorization of the HEA was completed in August 2008. Additionally, Congress reviews and determines appropriations for Title IV programs on an annual basis through the budget and appropriations processes. As of June 30, 2017 , Title IV programs in which the University's learners participate are operative and sufficiently funded.


20


Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our historical results of operations and our liquidity and capital resources should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes that appear elsewhere in this report.

Forward-Looking Statements
Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not statements of historical fact should be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”). In addition, certain statements in our future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), in press releases, and in oral and written statements made by us that are not statements of historical fact constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Act. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding: proposed new programs; regulatory developments; projections, predictions, expectations, estimates or forecasts of our business, financial and operational results and future economic performance; and statements of management’s goals and objectives and other similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. Words such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “future,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “convinced,” “estimates,” “seeks,” “target,” “goal,” “objective,” and similar expressions, as well as statements in future tense, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.

Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those suggested by the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those described in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 , as updated in our subsequent reports filed with the SEC, including any updates or circumstances described in this or other Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. The performance of our business and our securities may be adversely affected by these factors and other factors common to businesses and investments, or to the general economy. Forward-looking statements are qualified by some or all of these risks. Therefore, you should consider these risk factors with caution and form your own independent conclusions about the likely effect of these risks on our future performance. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which statements are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date such statement is made to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or circumstances. Readers should carefully review all the disclosures and risk factors described in this and other documents we file from time to time with the SEC.

Executive Overview
We are an education services company that seeks to provide the most direct path between learning and employment through our
online postsecondary education offerings and through programs to develop job-ready skills for high-demand markets. As of June 30, 2017 , our wholly owned subsidiaries included the following:

Post-Secondary Segment

Capella University (the University) offers a variety of doctoral, master’s and bachelor’s programs, primarily for working adults, in the following markets: public service leadership, nursing and health sciences, social and behavioral sciences, business and technology, education, and undergraduate studies. We focus on master's and doctoral degrees, with 71% of our learners enrolled in a master’s or doctoral degree program. Our academic offerings are built with competency-based curricula and are delivered in an online format that is convenient and flexible. We design our offerings to help working adult learners develop specific competencies they can employ in their workplace. We actively support and engage with our learners throughout their programs to enhance their prospects for successful program completion. We believe the relevance of our programs, combined with a focus on working adult professionals and offering the most direct path to learners' professional and academic goals, sets Capella University apart in the education space. At June 30, 2017 , we offered over 1,940 online courses and 52 academic programs with 149 specializations to nearly 38,000 learners.

Sophia Learning, LLC (Sophia) is an innovative learning company which leverages technology to support self-paced learning, including courses eligible for transfer into credit at over 2,000 colleges and universities.

Job-Ready Skills Segment

Capella Learning Solutions, LLC (CLS) provides online non-degree, high-demand, job-ready skills, training solutions and services to individuals and corporate partners, primarily through RightSkill. RightSkill provides job

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seekers with unique learning experiences that prepare them for in-demand careers while partnering with employers who are looking for verified, job-ready candidates.

Hackbright Academy, Inc. (Hackbright) is a leading software engineering school for women with a mission to close the gender gap in the high-demand software engineering space. Hackbright’s primary offering is an intensive 12-week accelerated software development program for women, together with placement services and coaching. This program is a live, in-person educational experience held in Hackbright’s San Francisco locations. Hackbright also partners with employers to facilitate alumnae transition from program completion into the workplace.

DevMountain, LLC (DevMountain) is a leading software development school with a mission to be the most impactful coding school in the country by offering affordable, high-quality, leading-edge software coding education. DevMountain primarily offers Web Development, iOS Development, and UX Design programs in a 12- week immersive experience. Learners engage in DevMountain courses in-person, at DevMountain’s classrooms in Provo and Salt Lake City, Utah, Dallas, Texas, and Phoenix, Arizona.

On February 8, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to divest our wholly owned subsidiary, Arden University Limited (Arden University). On August 18, 2016, the Company completed the sale of 100% of the share capital of Arden University. Beginning in the first quarter of 2016 and through the date of sale of the business, the assets and liabilities of Arden University were considered to be held for sale, and the Company presented Arden University as discontinued operations within the financial statements and footnotes.

We believe we have the right operating strategies in place to continually differentiate ourselves in our markets and drive growth by supporting learner success, producing affordable degrees, optimizing our comprehensive marketing strategy, serving a broader set of our learners' professional needs, developing training programs to fill high-demand skills gaps, and establishing new growth platforms. Technology and the talent of our faculty and employees enable these strategies. We believe these strategies and enablers will allow us to continue to deliver high quality, affordable degree and non-degree education, resulting in continued growth over the long-term. We will continue to invest in these enablers to strengthen the foundation and future of our business, and we will continue to watch and seek to adapt to new challenges and opportunities in this dynamic, competitive industry.

Key Trends, Developments and Challenges
The following developments and trends present opportunities, challenges and risks toward achieving our goal of providing attractive returns to our shareholders:

Innovation. We operate in a very competitive market environment, and we have demonstrated that we can effectively compete and differentiate in our market. Our long-term success will depend on our ability to continue innovating around our competency-based learning capacities to develop new academic and business models. We will need to balance investments that may put pressure on near-term operating income performance with our goal to achieve operating performance improvements and deliver short and long-term shareholder value.

Capella University total enrollment. Total enrollment at Capella University is a key driver for the Company’s revenue growth as well as operating performance. To achieve total enrollment growth, Capella University must attract new learners and maintain and/or improve learner persistence. While new enrollment is an early indicator of future growth, early cohort persistence is an indicator of the sustainability of growth. These metrics should be viewed over multiple quarters since quarterly volatility is common. We have consistently improved early cohort persistence over a period of approximately five years, and these persistence improvements carry into later periods. In the second quarter of 2017, end-of-period total enrollment declined by 1.7 percent compared to total enrollment growth of 2.4 percent in the same period in 2016.

Capella University new enrollment. In the second quarter of 2017, Capella University new enrollment, calculated from the last day a new learner can drop a course without financial penalty, declined by 9.6 percent year-over-year compared to new enrollment growth of 2.5 percent in the same period in 2016 as a result of quarterly volatility inherent in the highly competitive and dynamic market environment in which we operate in addition to marketing execution challenges related to our ongoing efforts to optimize our marketing investment.

Persistence/learner success. Compared to the same period in the prior year, Capella University early cohort persistence improved by approximately three percent in the second quarter of 2017. Early cohort persistence measures the four-quarter weighted moving average new cohort persistence rate during a learner's first four

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quarters of enrollment. We have experienced improvements in early cohort persistence of approximately 22 percent over a period of about five years, in large part as a result of our successful execution of strategic, organization-wide learner success initiatives aimed at driving total enrollment growth. This includes investments in infrastructure and actionable analytics capabilities and a marketing strategy focused on attracting the right learners.

As we continue to position Capella University to drive sustainable growth, we are focused on improving learner success rates particularly in the first four quarters of enrollment while maintaining a high standard of academic quality and rigor. The first four quarters of enrollment are particularly critical because learners tend to persist at a very high rate after that period. We continue to increasingly focus on the entire learner lifecycle. Certain initiatives to improve learner success can affect our growth and profitability in the near-term. However, we believe these efforts are in the best interest of our learners and over the long-term will enhance our brand and reputation, which, in turn, positions us for more sustainable long-term growth. Learner success initiatives include the following:

Investing in our actionable analytics capabilities to further leverage data, refine our models, and accurately predict the likelihood of prospective, new, and current learners persisting to critical thresholds of success and to help provide individualized paths to improve a learner's opportunity to succeed;
Providing timely and clear information to our learners, faculty, advisors and staff to help learners persist and successfully complete their programs;
Redesigning programs to improve academic quality, remove unintended barriers that can disrupt learner progression, and deliver operational process efficiencies;
Piloting, implementing, and optimizing programs such as assessments and orientations to create personalized pathways for different learner groups which focus on transitioning learners into the online environment, creating a supportive community, and providing a proactive support structure;
Optimizing our marketing approaches to increase emphasis on attracting learners who are more likely to persist in our programs;
Promoting affordability and encouraging learners to persist by offering learner success scholarships to new learners who meet admissions requirements, enroll, apply within certain timeframes, and stay continuously enrolled; and,
Diversifying outside of Capella University by creating innovative new learning technologies which have potential to increase affordability and better serve the life-long learning needs of working adult professionals and therefore increase learner success.

Doctoral enrollment . During the second quarter of 2017, year-over-year doctoral total enrollment for Capella University declined by 7.0 percent. A return to doctoral total enrollment growth will depend on both sustained new enrollment growth over several quarters as well as continuing learner success efforts at the doctoral level. As part of our doctoral learner success initiative, we are focusing on learners who are not making sufficient and timely academic progress in the comprehensive and dissertation phases of their programs. In our doctoral offering, market demand for professional doctorate programs is currently stronger than for PhD programs. We are supporting doctoral growth by focusing on redesigning our program offerings, improving affordability, and expanding our doctoral portfolio, including creating new professional doctorate programs. The doctoral learner success initiatives and the continued pressure on doctoral enrollment growth are expected to negatively impact our operating performance, including in the near-term.

Marketing strategy. During the course of the past few years, we have made significant strides in shifting from a demand driven strategy towards a comprehensive marketing strategy which is focused on building relationships with prospective learners early in their decision cycle. In addition, we are developing opportunities in the employer channel to build brand awareness and differentiation. With our vision of providing the most direct path between learning and employment and our dedication to serving the Job-Ready Skills market, we are changing the conversation with employers and are working to further strengthen and articulate our differentiation.

Our learner-focused marketing strategy, which is designed to attract prospective Capella University learners who
are committed to and able to succeed in their academic endeavors, includes:


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Introducing prospective learners to Capella with a differentiated message in channels such as mass media and strategic relationships with employers and professional organizations;
Connecting with prospective learners by generating and nurturing inquiries through direct media such as natural search, our website, and display media; and
Engaging with prospective learners by developing meaningful and increasingly personalized relationships such as through social media, via mobile devices, or by way of direct engagement.

Our employer-focused marketing strategy, which is designed to strengthen Capella's differentiation with employers,
includes:

Offering a platform of capabilities which range from Capella University’s post-secondary degrees to shorter programs in the job-ready skills software engineering and coding area to targeted skill building programs with our RightSkill offerings;
Developing new programs such as Capella University’s Workforce Edge, where an employee can earn a degree with little to no out-of-pocket costs when she or he leverages employer tuition reimbursement. This program enables employers to attract, support, and retain more productive employees utilizing a competency-based learning solution; and
Leveraging Capella University’s state of the art, competency-based direct assessment programs to offer employers innovative solutions that fit their learning objectives and their budgets and which provide reporting tools to track participants' competency development.

Our comprehensive marketing strategy is designed to produce long-term efficiencies and increase our ability to attract high-quality learners on a sustainable basis. In our efforts to optimize our marketing spend, we continue to experiment with different methods and levels to provide prospective learners with the information they are looking for at the right time and in the right way. We are also continuing to adapt to the evolving behavior of prospective learners as they move closer to a decision about going back to school, including differences in behavior and responsiveness between learners connecting with us through mobile versus desktop devices. We will continue to optimize our strategy and develop our marketing analytics capabilities to continue to deliver long-term sustainable growth. Some of our initiatives may adversely impact our new enrollment, revenues, and operating margins for a period as we pursue improved long-term results.

Establishing new growth platforms. We seek to drive long-term growth that is an extension of our core competencies into new and expanded markets. One of our key growth platforms is FlexPath. FlexPath is a learning model that decouples from the credit-hour requirements and allows learners to complete coursework at their own pace through the demonstration of specific competencies. Capella University was the first institution with approval from the Higher Learning Commission and the Department of Education to offer and provide Title IV funding for direct assessment programs at both the Bachelor's and Master's degree levels. These approvals allow learners enrolled in FlexPath to apply for federal financial aid. Only a few other universities received approvals by their accreditor and the Department of Education to offer similar programs. Approval processes for this innovative new model are stringent, and the Department of Education has indicated that direct assessment program specializations will also require specific approval by the Higher Learning Commission and the Department of Education to offer Title IV. This adds another step in the approval process with both the Department of Education and the Higher Learning Commission.

In addition to having previously received approval from the Higher Learning Commission to begin enrolling learners in the following FlexPath offerings, during the six months ended June 30, 2017 , we received approval from the Department of Education for these offerings to be eligible to receive federal financial aid under Title IV:

Master of Health Administration;
Business Intelligence, Business Management, Entrepreneurship, Management Consulting, and Health Administration graduate-level certificates;
Master of Science in Nursing;
Master of Education.


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The FlexPath direct assessment model provides an opportunity to expand our served market and drive affordability through lower tuition costs, reduced time to completion, and increased flexibility. Our goal is to ensure learners have the right experience and that we understand what our learners need to succeed. As we continue to learn and gain experience, we will refine the academic model and evolve the business model for FlexPath. At June 30, 2017 , approximately 15 percent of total bachelor's and master's learners were enrolled in FlexPath programs.

CLS offerings. In 2013, the Company introduced the first set of CLS offerings - online training solutions and services to corporate partners. In 2015, CLS focused its offerings on non-degree, high-demand, job-ready skills and training solutions and services to individuals and corporate partners. We continue our efforts to develop a scalable business model at CLS, primarily through our relationship with CareerBuilder and our RightSkill program offerings.

Business Acquisitions. On April 22, 2016 , the Company acquired 100 percent of the share capital of Sutter Studios, Inc. d/b/a Hackbright Academy (Hackbright) for approximately $18.0 million in cash. Hackbright is a leading software engineering school for women, with a mission to increase female representation in the technology sector. Hackbright, headquartered in San Francisco, offers in-person, immersive 12-week full-time educational programs in software engineering as well as part-time programs.

On May 4, 2016, the Company acquired 100 percent of the membership interests in DevMountain, LLC (DevMountain), headquartered in Provo, Utah. DevMountain is a leading software development school with a mission to be the most impactful coding school in the country by offering affordable, high-quality, leading-edge software coding education. The purchase price of the DevMountain acquisition consisted of $15.0 million in cash paid at closing, and up to an additional $5.0 million in contingent consideration to be paid at the end of three successive, non-cumulative periods based upon the achievement of established revenue and operating performance targets.

Capella’s acquisitions of Hackbright Academy and DevMountain expand the Company's existing business of providing innovative education offerings which provide a more direct path from learning to employment. Hackbright and DevMountain’s operating results have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the respective dates of the acquisitions.

Coding schools performance. In January 2017, Hackbright added a second location in San Francisco, and in May 2017, DevMountain received approval to begin operating in Phoenix, Arizona with courses scheduled to begin in August. Since the dates of acquisition, we have made investments in both businesses to position them for scalable growth and will continue to make additional investments for the foreseeable future. Although both acquisitions have had a positive impact on our revenue growth, Hackbright and DevMountain have been dilutive to our earnings since the acquisition dates and are expected to be dilutive to our earnings throughout the remainder of 2017 and into 2018. If this trend continues and operating improvements are not realized, some or all of the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets associated with the Coding Schools reporting unit could become impaired in the future. We believe the fair value of the Coding Schools reporting unit remains in excess of the carrying value and that the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets remains in excess of the carrying value as of June 30, 2017. Management will assess goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment in the fourth quarter of 2017 or earlier if circumstances dictate.

Redesign of programs and specializations . We continue to evaluate our existing offerings for opportunities to drive affordability and speed to competency, enhance learner success, meet employer needs, maintain programmatic approvals and fulfill evolving regulatory standards. Utilizing our competency-based curriculum mapping, we are focused on maximizing efficiencies in our existing programs, resulting in improved learning and career outcomes.

Current market and regulatory environment. The environment remains very competitive. We believe our initiatives to improve learner success and innovation in our academic and business model, as well as our efforts to increase productivity and achieve scale where possible, will position us to continue to be a leader in the online postsecondary education market. Additionally, we are working even more closely to align with employers. Developments in the federal regulatory environment impact us as well, including the Gainful Employment (GE) rules, Borrower Defense to Repayment rules, and the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended. Many states have also become more active in regulating online education, especially regarding approval to operate requirements, and enforcement of consumer protection laws by state attorneys general, with a focus on proprietary institutions. While we have a strong track record of regulatory compliance, such actions, even if not directed at Capella University, may result in unforeseen consequences and may make our operating environment

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more challenging. We continue to make investments and take actions to maintain our consistently high compliance with regulatory requirements.

Adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . During the first quarter of 2017, we adopted new accounting guidance related to share-based compensation. Among other changes, the new guidance requires that entities record the impact of income taxes arising from share-based compensation when awards vest, or are exercised, within earnings as part of income tax expense rather than as part of additional paid-in capital (APIC). The adoption of this guidance will result in volatility within our results of operations, primarily due to changes in our stock price. Through the second quarter of 2017, the adoption of the new guidance decreased our income tax expense by approximately to $1.6 million as a result of income tax benefits arising from stock option exercises. Income tax expense in future periods could be positively or negatively impacted based on the timing of stock option exercises and restricted stock vesting as well as the relationship of our stock price to the fair value of our share-based awards on the exercise or vesting dates.

Lease amendments. On August 5, 2016, we entered into an amendment of our lease with Minneapolis 225 Holdings, LLC pursuant to which we renewed and extended our existing lease for premises at 225 South Sixth Street in Minneapolis, Minnesota through October 31, 2028. Renewal terms under the amended lease agreement include a reduction in the area of leased space which we occupy of approximately 64,000 square feet and provide for lease incentives of approximately $13.6 million. The lease incentives, which were paid to us in cash by the lessor, are included within deferred rent on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and will be recognized ratably as a reduction of rent expense over the term of the lease. The agreement allows the Company to extend the lease for up to two additional five-year terms.

Regulatory Environment
The following summarizes significant regulatory matters applicable to our business. For a more detailed discussion of the regulatory environment and related risks, refer to Part 2, Item 7, Key Trends, Developments and Challenges, and Regulatory Environment in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

U.S. Legislation and Congressional Activity. It is unclear when Congress will reauthorize the Higher Education Act (HEA) which governs federal financial assistance for higher education. When reauthorization of HEA is considered, it will create opportunity to expand innovation in the delivery of higher education. As with any new legislation, there is also a risk of unintended consequences from new laws and regulatory requirements. Capella maintains strong relationships with policymakers and a reputation for quality. We will work to be a constructive voice in any dialogue on innovation in higher education.

We cannot predict what legislation, if any, may emanate from Congressional committee hearings or what impact such legislation might have on proprietary institutions and our business in particular. Congressional scrutiny of proprietary institutions increases the likelihood of legislation that will adversely impact our business. In addition, when Congress addresses federal budget deficits, financial aid programs are a potential target for reduction.

If Congress reduced the amount of available Title IV program funding, we would attempt to arrange for alternative sources of financial aid for our students, but private sources would not be able to provide as much funding to our learners or on terms comparable to Title IV. In addition, private funding sources could require us to guarantee all or part of this assistance and we might incur other additional costs. For these reasons, private, alternative sources of learner financial aid would only partly offset, if at all, the impact on our business of reduced Title IV program funding, and would not be a practical alternative in the case of a significant reduction in Title IV financial aid.

Gainful Employment (GE) and Department of Education. The final Gainful Employment rule went into effect on July 1, 2015. It applies to all GE programs, which include non-degree programs at public and private non-profit institutions, and all programs offered by proprietary institutions. The rule establishes a “debt-to-earnings” (DTE) ratio that GE programs must satisfy over the course of annual measurement periods to remain eligible for Title IV federal student aid. A program is determined to “pass” in a given year if the calculation shows that the graduates who received loans have annual loan payments less than 8% of total earnings OR less than 20% of discretionary earnings. A program is determined to “fail” in a given year if the calculation shows that graduates who received loans have annual loan payments greater than 12% of total earnings AND greater than 30% of discretionary earnings. A program is determined to be in the “Zone” in a given year if the program does not “pass,” AND if the calculation shows that graduates who received loans have annual loan payments between 8% and 12% of total earnings OR between 20% and 30% of discretionary earnings.

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In January 2017, we received final DTE ratios from the Department of Education for 2015 - the first measurement year. The DTE ratios we received showed that none of our programs was determined to fail. This is significant because the rules state that a program would be ineligible for Title IV funds in the next year if it failed in two out of three consecutive years, whereas for a program in the zone, a program would be ineligible for Title IV funds in the next year only if it were in the zone (or failed) in each of four consecutive years. The DTE ratio information we received reflected one of our programs (the Master's of Science in Marriage and Family Counseling/Therapy program) was in the zone. We have taken and continue to take steps to avoid or mitigate potential adverse consequences of the DTE ratio rules. Despite our efforts, it remains possible that one or more of our programs could be determined to be in the zone or fail in future calculations.

The final rule also requires institutions to provide certifications regarding a GE program’s satisfaction of programmatic accreditation and state licensure requirements as part of the institutional program participation agreements with the Department of Education. The certification requirements went into effect on December 31, 2015 in connection with the Department of Education's program participation agreement recertification; however, new programs introduced between July 1 and December 31, 2015 were to be certified prior to such program’s introduction to establish eligibility for Title IV federal financial aid. We worked with the Department of Education to clarify various issues related to the new certification requirements, and certified our programs as required by the final GE rule and requirements of the Department of Education.

The final rule also includes requirements for the reporting of learner and program data by institutions to the Department of Education. The rule makes other conforming and technical revisions to the Title IV program participation agreement and related regulations. On June 30, 2017, the Department of Education announced that enforcement of certain expanded disclosure and distribution requirements under the current final rule will be postponed until July 1, 2018.

On June 16, 2017, the Department of Education announced its intention to establish a rulemaking committee to examine and re-regulate the Gainful Employment regulation, which it called "overly burdensome and confusing for institutions of higher education." The Department of Education conducted public hearings on Gainful Employment and Borrower Defense to Repayment on July 10, 2017 and July 12, 2017, in addition to soliciting written comments on both topics. Capella submitted comments on July 12, 2017. The Department of Education has indicated it intends to convene both rulemaking committees beginning in late 2017.

Audit Activity. An institution must demonstrate compliance with the HEA and related regulations to the Department of Education on an ongoing basis and is subject to periodic compliance audits. The Department of Education, Office of Inspector General (OIG) conducted a compliance audit of Capella University for the period July 1, 2002 through June 30, 2007. In March 2008, OIG issued its final report to the Office of Federal Student Aid (FSA), which is responsible for primary oversight of Title IV funding programs. In April 2008, the University responded to FSA with respect to the OIG final report. In June 2012, FSA issued a Final Audit Determination ("2012 FAD"), which the Company understood formally concluded the audit. In the 2012 FAD, FSA determined no further action was required on any of the OIG audit findings, other than continuing adherence to certain actions already undertaken. FSA did not require the University to refund any money or pay any fines or penalties. On February 6, 2017, the University received a Final Audit Determination (“2017 FAD”) related to the same 2008 OIG final report. The 2017 FAD is substantially similar to the 2012 FAD, and includes the same findings; however, unlike the 2012 FAD, the 2017 FAD purports to require the Company to pay additional amounts. On March 22, 2017, the Company appealed the 2017 FAD to the Secretary of the Department of Education, seeking further review and confirmation that the 2012 FAD closed the matter. On April 21, 2017 the Department of Education's Administrative Actions and Appeals Service Group ("AAASG") issued correspondence declaring that the Department of Education agreed to withdraw the 2017 FAD and the associated liabilities set forth therein and agreed to let the 2012 FAD stand as final. AAASG declared the appeal fully resolved.

Current negotiated rulemaking. On October 12, 2016 the Department of Education published final rules related to teacher preparation and the Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) grant requirements for distance education programs. The regulations clarified that institutions that do not have initial teacher licensure programs have no obligation to report anything to any state under the new requirements. The final rules clarified that TEACH Grant funds are specifically available to students enrolled in graduate degree programs (which do not lead to initial teacher licensure) for teachers and others in high-need education fields. Capella University ended its participation in the TEACH Grant Program effective in October 2016. The published final rules were to be effective July 1, 2017; however, in early 2017, the United States Congress invoked the

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Congressional Review Act authority to overturn this regulation, which was signed into law by President Trump in March 2017.

In 2014, the Department of Education published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) indicating its intent to convene a negotiated rulemaking committee on the topics of credit to clock hour conversion, state authorization, cash management, retaking coursework and the definition of adverse credit for PLUS loans. On October 30, 2015, the Department of Education published final rules on cash management, repeat coursework and clock to credit hour conversion. With the exception of a few provisions within the cash management rule that provide an extra year for implementation, the rules generally became effective on July 1, 2016.

The Department of Education released final rules on December 16, 2016 regarding state authorization of distance education, correspondence and foreign programs which will become effective on July 1, 2018. These proposed rules require distance education programs to be authorized in every state and/or participate in a state authorization reciprocity agreement. In 2015, Capella University became an institutional member of SARA (see below). The Department of Education has indicated it plans to issue formal guidance clarifying that SARA meets the definition of state authorization reciprocity agreement as included in the final regulation. Included in the final rules are a number of general and individualized disclosures for prospects and learners including how programs are authorized, complaint processes, adverse actions by state and accrediting agencies, and prerequisites for licensure or certification for certain programs.

The Department of Education published final rules on November 1, 2016 which set forth expanded criteria, and substantial discretion for the Department of Education, with respect to borrower rights and relief in defense to repayment of Title IV loans. In particular, for recipients of loans disbursed on or after July 1, 2017, the rule permits student loan debt relief, upon borrower application, where there is:
State or Federal court or administrative tribunal judgment against a school related to the loan or the educational services for which the loan was made;
Breach of contract; or
Substantial misrepresentation by the school.

The regulation grants the Department of Education broad discretion to determine whether a school has committed a breach of contract or substantial misrepresentation, to allow group claims, which may include individuals who have not applied to the Department of Education seeking relief, and to determine when to seek recoupment from the school upon loan discharge. In addition, the final rules expand the events triggering a determination that an institution is unable to meet its financial or administrative obligations to include certain automatic triggers, such as failure to satisfy the 90/10 regulation in the most recent fiscal year, a cohort default rate in excess of 30 percent in the two most recent years, and failure to comply with certain SEC requirements, as well as discretionary triggers such as certain federal, and private actions, unspecified dropout rates, unspecified fluctuations in Title IV funding, and actions by the school’s accreditor. In the event of such a triggering event, an institution may become ineligible for Title IV funds or be required to post a letter of credit in the amount of at least 10% of the school’s annual Title IV disbursements for each triggering event, and make disclosure to learners and prospective learners. In addition, the rule increases access to closed school discharges and prohibits the use of pre-dispute arbitration agreements. Finally, the rule makes other conforming and technical changes to repayment plans and loan consolidation. While the rule was slated to go into effect July 1, 2017, on June 16, 2017 the Department of Education announced an indefinite postponement of the borrower defenses repayment regulation. On the same day, the Department of Education announced its intent to establish rulemaking committees to develop proposed revisions to the existing gainful employment regulation as well as the borrower defenses to repayment regulation. The Department of Education conducted public hearings on Gainful Employment and Borrower Defense to Repayment on July 10, 2017 and July 12, 2017, in addition to soliciting written comments on both topics. Capella submitted comments on July 12, 2017. The Department of Education has indicated that it intends to convene both rulemaking committees beginning late 2017.

State Authorization Reciprocity Agreement (SARA). SARA is a nationwide state regulatory initiative intended to make distance education courses more accessible to learners across state lines and make it easier for states to regulate and institutions to participate in interstate distance education. On January 27, 2015, Minnesota joined SARA, and on March 6, 2015, Capella University was approved as an institutional participant in SARA. There are currently 47 SARA member states.


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Minnesota Office of Higher Education (MOHE). Capella University is registered as a private institution with the MOHE pursuant to the Minnesota Private and Out-of-State Public Postsecondary Education Act ("the Act"). Minnesota Statute sections 136A.61-131A.71 as required for most post-secondary private institutions that grant degrees at the associate level or above in Minnesota, and as required by the Higher Education Act to participate in Title IV programs. MOHE is the designated “portal agency” that oversees institutions headquartered in Minnesota that participate in SARA. As the portal agency, MOHE’s responsibilities include coordinating SARA matters for Minnesota and acting as the principal point of contact for resolution of student complaints. On October 13, 2016, Capella University received a request for information from MOHE related to its doctoral programs and complaints filed by doctoral students. According to the request, MOHE is completing program reviews of all online doctoral programs for institutions registered in Minnesota in an effort to better understand the context, background, and issues related to doctoral student complaints. The Company has provided data and information in response to MOHE’s request.

The Minnesota legislature recently promulgated revisions to the Act, which clarifies MOHE’s authority and processes related to student complaints. Among other revisions, the legislation specifies that if violations of the Act are found, then MOHE may require remedial action by the school or assign a penalty, and that remedial action may include student notifications of violations, adjustments to university policies and procedures and tuition refunds to impacted students. Capella fully cooperates with MOHE in its evaluation of student complaints, and for that reason does not currently anticipate the changes will significantly impact its business. However, the full impact of the legislation cannot be predicted and will depend upon the manner in which MOHE interprets and applies the process set forth in the statue.

Program Participation Agreement. The Department of Education approved Capella University's Program Participation Agreement (PPA) in August 2014. Capella University is fully certified by the Department of Education to participate in Title IV programs through June 30, 2020.

Student Loan Cohort Default Rates . To remain eligible to participate in Title IV programs, an educational institution's student loan cohort default rates must remain below certain specified levels. Under current regulations, an educational institution will lose its eligibility to participate in Title IV programs if its three-year measuring period student loan cohort default rate equals or exceeds 30% for three consecutive cohort years, or 40% for any given year. Capella University's three-year cohort default rates for the 2013 and 2012 cohorts are 6.5% and 8.9%, respectively. The latest decrease is in part due to our learner success initiatives and our efforts to help our learners make informed financial decisions both during and after the time they are at Capella University, including educating learners about repayment options. The average three-year cohort default rates for proprietary institutions nationally were 15.0% and 15.8% in cohort years 2013 and 2012, respectively. The average three-year cohort default rates for all institutions nationally were 11.3% and 11.8% in cohort years 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Higher Learning Commission. The Higher Learning Commission, Capella University’s accrediting body, is continuously developing new standards and approval processes under which it evaluates programs and institutions. Consistent with that approach, the Higher Learning Commission announced policy changes which include giving the Commission more discretion to designate institutions to be in "financial distress” or under "government investigation.” On August 31, 2016, the Commission adopted the policy changes. Receipt of these designations could impact future accreditation status and eligibility for Title IV aid under the Department of Education’s new “financial responsibility” triggers. While the Company believes its strong reputation and compliance record will continue to place it in favorable standing under the new policy, there is sufficient breadth and discretion within the policy such that government investigation, litigation, or financial or other circumstances could result in an impact to our business from the application of the policies.

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
Our critical accounting policies are disclosed in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The only change to our critical accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2017 was a modification to the way in which we account for forfeitures of share-based awards. Specifically, beginning in the first quarter of 2017, we recognize forfeitures of share-based awards as they occur in the period of forfeiture rather than estimating the number of awards expected to be forfeited at the grant date and subsequently adjusting the estimate when awards are actually forfeited. This change did not have a material impact on our results of operations in the current period, and is not expected to have a material impact on results of operations in subsequent periods.


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Analysis of Results of Operations - Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
The following selected financial data table should be referenced in connection with a review of the discussion of our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2017 :
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
(Unaudited)
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
% of Revenue
$ in thousands
2017
 
2016
 
2017 vs. 2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017 vs. 2016
Revenues
$
109,584

 
$
106,725

 
$
2,859

 
2.7
 %
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
 %
 
0.0
 %
Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Instructional costs and services
48,369

 
45,502

 
2,867

 
6.3

 
44.1

 
42.6

 
1.5

Marketing and promotional
27,308

 
24,922

 
2,386

 
9.6

 
24.9

 
23.4

 
1.5

Admissions advisory
7,440

 
7,285

 
155

 
2.1

 
6.8

 
6.8

 

General and administrative
11,096

 
10,944

 
152

 
1.4

 
10.1

 
10.3

 
(0.2
)
Total costs and expenses
94,213

 
88,653

 
5,560

 
6.3

 
86.0

 
83.1

 
2.9

Operating income
15,371

 
18,072

 
(2,701
)
 
(14.9
)
 
14.0

 
16.9

 
(2.9
)
Other income, net
56

 
42

 
14

 
*
 
0.1

 
0.1

 

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

15,427

 
18,114

 
(2,687
)
 
(14.8
)
 
14.1

 
17.0

 
(2.9
)
Income tax expense
4,672

 
7,040

 
(2,368
)
 
(33.6
)
 
4.3

 
6.6

 
(2.3
)
Effective tax rate
30.3
%
 
38.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations

10,755

 
11,074

 
(319
)
 
(2.9
)
 
9.8

 
10.4

 
(0.6
)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax


 
(1,379
)
 
1,379

 
*
 

 
(1.3
)
 
1.3

Net income
$
10,755

 
$
9,695

 
$
1,060

 
10.9
 %
 
9.8
%
 
9.1
 %
 
0.7
 %

* Not meaningful.
 
June 30,
 
 
Capella University Enrollment by Degree (a) :
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
Doctoral
9,052

 
9,729

 
(7.0
)%
Master's
17,714

 
17,706

 
 %
Bachelor's
9,760

 
9,798

 
(0.4
)%
Other
1,062

 
998

 
6.4
 %
Total
37,588

 
38,231

 
(1.7
)%

(a) Enrollment in the table above includes learners who are actively enrolled during the last month of the quarters ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively.

Revenues. The increase in revenues compared to the same period in the prior year was primarily related to incremental Job-Ready Skills revenues generated from the Hackbright and DevMountain businesses, which were acquired during the second quarter of 2016, as well as additional revenues arising from fees for course resources available to Capella University learners. Capella University weighted average tuition price increases of approximately one percent, which were implemented in July 2016, also contributed to the increase in revenues. These increases were partially offset by a larger proportion of master's and bachelor's learners who generate less revenue per learner than our doctoral learners.
Instructional costs and services expenses. Instructional costs and services expenses, and instructional costs and services expenses as a percent of revenue, increased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily as a result of increased course material expenses for learner resources and operating expenses from Hackbright and DevMountain, which were acquired during the second quarter of 2016.
Marketing and promotional expenses. Marketing and promotional expenses, and marketing and promotional expenses as a percent of revenue, increased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily as a result of investments in new

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marketing campaigns to increase the awareness and consideration of the Capella University brand with prospective learners and articulating Capella's differentiation to employers in an effort to generate new enrollment, as well as operating expenses from Hackbright and DevMountain, which were acquired during the second quarter of 2016.
Admissions advisory expenses. Admissions advisory expenses increased compared to the same period in the prior year and remained flat as a percent of revenue.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily as a result of operating expenses from Hackbright and DevMountain, which were acquired during the second quarter of 2016. As a percent of revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased primarily as a result of acquisition related costs in the prior year.
Other income, net. Other income, net is primarily comprised of interest income earned on cash equivalents and marketable securities, charges related to our credit facility, and management fees related to our limited partnership investments.

Income tax expense. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2017 decreased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily as a result of our adoption of ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting in the first quarter of 2017. As a result of this standard, during the three months ended June 30, 2017 we recognized $1.3 million of excess tax benefits related to share-based awards as a reduction to income tax expense.

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax. Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the three months ended June 30, 2016 is comprised of the net losses arising from the operation of Arden University in the prior year period. Beginning in the first quarter of 2016 and through the date of sale of the business, the assets and liabilities of Arden University were considered to be held for sale, and the business was presented as discontinued operations within the financial statements and footnotes.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
The following selected financial data table should be referenced in connection with a review of the discussion of our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2017 :
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
(Unaudited)
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
% of Revenue
$ in thousands
2017
 
2016
 
2017 vs. 2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017 vs. 2016
Revenues
$
221,372

 
$
212,173

 
$
9,199

 
4.3
 %
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
 %
 
0.0
 %
Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Instructional costs and services
96,781

 
90,813

 
5,968

 
6.6

 
43.7

 
42.8

 
0.9

Marketing and promotional
54,833

 
50,802

 
4,031

 
7.9

 
24.8

 
23.9

 
0.9

Admissions advisory
15,103

 
14,708

 
395

 
2.7

 
6.8

 
6.9

 
(0.1
)
General and administrative
21,683

 
21,251

 
432

 
2.0

 
9.8

 
10.0

 
(0.2
)
Total costs and expenses
188,400

 
177,574

 
10,826

 
6.1

 
85.1

 
83.7

 
1.4

Operating income
32,972

 
34,599

 
(1,627
)
 
(4.7
)
 
14.9

 
16.3

 
(1.4
)
Other income, net
163

 
33

 
130

 
*
 
0.1

 

 
0.1

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

33,135

 
34,632

 
(1,497
)
 
(4.3
)
 
15.0

 
16.3

 
(1.3
)
Income tax expense
11,209

 
13,282

 
(2,073
)
 
(15.6
)
 
5.1

 
6.3

 
(1.2
)
Effective tax rate
33.8
%
 
38.4
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations

21,926

 
21,350

 
576

 
2.7

 
9.9

 
10.1

 
(0.2
)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

95

 
(2,357
)
 
2,452

 
*
 

 
(1.1
)
 
1.1

Net income
$
22,021

 
$
18,993

 
$
3,028

 
15.9
 %
 
9.9
%
 
9.0
 %
 
0.9
 %

* Not meaningful.

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June 30,
 
 
Capella University Enrollment by Degree (a) :
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
Doctoral
9,052

 
9,729

 
(7.0
)%
Master's
17,714

 
17,706

 
 %
Bachelor's
9,760

 
9,798

 
(0.4
)%
Other
1,062

 
998

 
6.4
 %
Total
37,588

 
38,231

 
(1.7
)%

(a) Enrollment in the table above includes learners who are actively enrolled during the last month of the quarters ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Quarterly average total Capella University enrollment decreased 0.4% for the six month period ended June 30, 2017 and increased 2.3% for the six month period ended June 30, 2016.

Revenues. The increase in revenues compared to the prior year was primarily related to incremental Job-Ready Skills revenues generated from the Hackbright and DevMountain businesses, which were acquired during the second quarter of 2016, as well as additional revenues arising from fees for course resources available to Capella University learners. Capella University weighted average tuition price increases of approximately one percent, which were implemented in July 2016, also contributed to the increase in revenues. These increases were partially offset by a larger proportion of master's and bachelor's learners who generate less revenue per learner than our doctoral learners and a decrease in quarterly average total enrollment of 0.4 percent.
Instructional costs and services expenses. Instructional costs and services expenses, and instructional costs and services expenses as a percent of revenue, increased compared to the prior year primarily as a result of increased course material expenses for additional learner resources, as well as operating expenses from Hackbright and DevMountain, which were acquired during the second quarter of 2016.
Marketing and promotional expenses. Marketing and promotional expenses, and marketing and promotional expenses as a percent of revenue, increased compared to the prior year primarily as a result of investments in new marketing campaigns to increase the awareness and consideration of the Capella University brand with prospective learners and articulating Capella's differentiation to employers in an effort to generate new enrollment, as well as operating expenses from Hackbright and DevMountain, which were acquired during the second quarter of 2016.
Admissions advisory expenses. Admissions advisory expenses increased compared to the prior year as a result of increased enrollment services and admissions staffing to support higher Capella University inquiry conversion and enrollment growth. As a percent of revenue, admissions advisory expenses decreased primarily as a result of higher revenues from our Job-Ready Skills segment.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily as a result of operating expenses from Hackbright and DevMountain, which were acquired during the second quarter of 2016. As a percent of revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased primarily as a result of lower share-based compensation expense in the current year and acquisition related costs in the prior year.
Other income, net. Other income, net is primarily comprised of interest income earned on cash equivalents and marketable securities, charges related to our credit facility, and management fees related to our limited partnership investments.

Income tax expense. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2017 decreased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily as a result of our adoption of ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting in the first quarter of 2017. As a result of this standard, through the second quarter of 2017, we recognized $1.6 million of excess tax benefits related to share-based awards as a reduction to income tax expense.

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax. Income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 is related to interest on the November 2016 and February 2017 deferred payments from the sale of Arden University. Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the six months ended June 30, 2016 is comprised of the net losses arising from the operation of Arden University in the prior year period. Beginning in the first quarter of 2016 and through the date of sale of the business, the assets and liabilities of Arden University were considered to be held for sale, and the business was presented as discontinued operations within the financial statements and footnotes.


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Analysis of Results of Operations by Reportable Segment
The following selected financial data illustrates our revenues and operating results by reportable segment for the three months ended June 30, 2017 :
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
(Unaudited)
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(Unaudited)
 
$ Change
 
% Change
$ in thousands
2017
 
2016
 
2017 vs. 2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017 vs. 2016
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Post-Secondary
$
106,974

 
$
105,789

 
$
1,185

 
1.1
 %
 
$
216,455

 
$
211,216

 
$
5,239

 
2.5
 %
     Job-Ready Skills
2,610

 
936

 
1,674

 
*
 
4,917

 
957

 
3,960

 
*
Consolidated revenues
109,584

 
106,725

 
2,859

 
2.7

 
$
221,372

 
$
212,173

 
$
9,199

 
4.3
 %
Operating income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Post-Secondary
$
17,754

 
$
21,566

 
$
(3,812
)
 
(17.7
)%
 
$
38,005

 
$
39,285

 
$
(1,280
)
 
(3.3
)%
     Job-Ready Skills
(2,383
)
 
(3,494
)
 
1,111

 
(31.8
)
 
(5,033
)
 
(4,686
)
 
(347
)
 
7.4

Consolidated operating income
15,371

 
18,072

 
(2,701
)
 
(14.9
)
 
32,972

 
34,599

 
(1,627
)
 
(4.7
)
Other income, net
56

 
42

 
14

 
*
 
163

 
33

 
130

 
*
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
$
15,427

 
$
18,114

 
$
(2,687
)
 
(14.8
)%
 
$
33,135


$
34,632

 
$
(1,497
)
 
(4.3
)%

* Not meaningful.

Post-Secondary. Post-Secondary segment revenues increased $1.2 million and $5.2 million , or 1.1 percent and 2.5 percent , respectively during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 . The increase in revenues was primarily attributable to additional revenues arising from fees for course resources available to learners. Capella University weighted average tuition price increases of approximately one percent, which were implemented in July 2016, as well as continued growth in both our master's and bachelor's level FlexPath programs, contributed to increases in Post-Secondary segment revenues. The overall increase in Post-Secondary revenues was partially offset by decreases in Capella University end of period total enrollment of 1.7 percent and quarterly average total enrollment of 0.4 percent, as well as a larger proportion of master's and bachelor's learners enrolled in our post-secondary, degree granting programs at Capella University who generate less revenue per learner than our doctoral learners.

Operating income for the Post-Secondary segment decreased by $3.8 million and $1.3 million , or 17.7 percent and 3.3 percent , for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , respectively, compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 . The decrease in segment operating income was primarily attributable to an overall increase in Capella University opera ting expenses mostly as a result of increases in marketing and promotional costs arising from investments in new marketing campaigns to increase the awareness and consideration of the Capella University brand with prospective learners and articulating Capella's differentiation to employers in an effort to generate new enrollment.

Job-Ready Skills. Job-Ready Skills segment revenues increased $1.7 million and $4.0 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. The increase in revenues during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 is primarily attributable to the timing of the acquisitions of Hackbright and DevMountain during the second quarter of 2016.

For the three months and six months ended June 30, 2017 , the operating loss for the Job-Ready Skills segment decreased by $1.1 million and increased by $0.3 million compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. For the the three month periods, the decrease in the operating loss is primarily the result of transaction related costs of $1.4 million incurred during the second quarter of 2016 in connection with the acquisitions of Hackbright and DevMountain. For the six month periods, the increase in the operating loss is primarily attributable to incremental operating expenses related to the day-to-day operations of Hackbright and DevMountain due to the timing of the acquisitions in the prior year, as well as our continued investments in the Hackbright, DevMountain, and CLS businesses as we work to develop scalable business models for the Job-Ready Skills segment.
 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity
We financed our operating activities and capital expenditures during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 primarily through cash provided by operating activities. Our cash and cash equivalents were $118.0 million and $93.6 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively. Our cash and cash equivalents increased primarily due to cash provided by operating activities, maturities of marketable securities and cash proceeds from the sale of Arden University, partially offset by cash used in investing activities for purchases of marketable securities and capital expenditures as well as cash used in financing activities for the payment of dividends.

On December 18, 2015 , the Company entered into a secured revolving credit facility (the Facility) with Bank of America, N.A., and certain other lenders. The Facility provides the Company with a committed $100.0 million of borrowing capacity with an increase option of an additional $50.0 million . The Company's obligations under the Facility are guaranteed by all existing material domestic subsidiaries and secured by substantially all assets of the Company and such subsidiaries. The Facility expires on December 18, 2020 . As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , there were no borrowings under the credit facility, and the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants.

Significant portions of our revenues are derived from Title IV programs. Federal regulations dictate the timing of disbursements under Title IV programs. Learners must apply for new loans and grants each academic year, which begins July 1. Loan funds are provided through the William D. Ford Direct Loan program in multiple disbursements for each academic year. The disbursements are usually received by the beginning of the third week of the term. These factors, together with the timing of when our learners begin their programs, affect our operating cash flow. Based on current market conditions and recent regulatory or legislative actions, we do not anticipate any significant near-term disruptions in the availability of Title IV funding for our learners.

On April 22, 2016, we completed the acquisition of Hackbright, a leading software engineering school for women headquartered in San Francisco, for $17.5 million, net of cash acquired. On May 4, 2016, we acquired DevMountain, a software development school, headquartered in Provo, Utah, for $14.6 million in cash, net of cash acquired. The acquisitions were funded through existing cash and cash equivalents.

On February 8, 2016 , the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to divest Arden University. On August 18, 2016, the Company completed the sale of 100% of the share capital of Arden University for a sale price of £15.0 million, of which £11.5 million ($13.9 million net of acquisition-related fees) was paid in cash at closing, with an additional £1.0 million, or $1.3 million, paid on November 15, 2016, and the remaining amount due of £2.5 million plus interest, or $3.2 million paid on February 28, 2017.

Based on our current level of operations and anticipated growth, we believe our cash provided by operations and other sources of liquidity, including cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, will provide adequate funds for ongoing operations and planned capital expenditures for the foreseeable future. We can further supplement our liquidity position with the $100.0 million credit facility to fund our operations or to fund strategic investments, if needed.

Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations was $35.3 million and $42.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The decrease was primarily due to changes in operating assets and liabilities, including a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities as well as a decrease in deferred revenue, partially offset by increases in prepaid expenses and other current assets and deferred income taxes.

Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations was $5.9 million and $44.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. In the current year, net cash used in investing activities consisted of purchases of marketable securities, capital expenditures related to investments in property and equipment, and investments in partnerships, partially offset by maturities of marketable securities. Net purchases and maturities of marketable securities resulted in cash inflows of $6.5 million and $0.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

We believe the credit quality and liquidity of our investment portfolio as of June 30, 2017 is strong. The unrealized gains and losses of the portfolio may remain volatile as changes in the general interest rate environment and supply/demand fluctuations of the securities within our portfolio impact daily market valuations. To mitigate the risk associated with this market volatility,

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we deploy a relatively conservative investment strategy focused on capital preservation and liquidity. But even with this approach, we may incur investment losses as a result of unusual and unpredictable market developments, and we may experience reduced investment earnings if the yields on investments deemed to be low risk remain low or decline further due to unpredictable market developments. In addition, these unusual and unpredictable market developments may also create liquidity challenges for certain of the assets in our investment portfolio.

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company acquired Hackbright and DevMountain for a combined $32.1 million, net of cash acquired.

Investments in limited partnerships were $0.4 million and $3.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company has committed to contribute an additional $5.3 million to its limited partnership investments through September 2027, the timing of which is uncertain and is expected to be funded from cash provided by operations.

Capital expenditures were $12.1 million and $10.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, which primarily consisted of investments in foundational infrastructure, the development and refinement of courses, and marketing infrastructure to enhance efficiencies and analytics capabilities.

We lease all of our facilities. We expect to make future payments on existing leases from cash generated from operations.

Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations was $8.2 million and $22.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Cash payments of dividends were $9.5 million and $9.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. During the first six months of 2017 , we repurchased no common stock under our share repurchase program, while we used cash to repurchase $15.0 million of common stock in the first six months of 2016 .


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Table of Contents

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk
The Company has no derivative financial instruments or derivative commodity instruments, and believes the risk related to cash equivalents and marketable securities is limited due to the adherence to our investment policy, which focuses on capital preservation and liquidity. In addition, all investments must have a minimum Standard & Poor’s rating of A minus (or equivalent) by at least one agency at the purchase date. All of the Company's cash equivalents and marketable securities were rated A minus or higher as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , by at least one rating agency. In addition, the Company utilizes money managers who conduct initial and ongoing credit analysis on our investment portfolio to monitor and minimize the potential impact of market risk associated with its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. Despite the investment risk mitigation strategies the Company employs, we may incur investment losses as a result of unusual and unpredictable market developments and may experience reduced investment earnings if the yields on investments deemed to be low risk remain low or decline further in this time of economic uncertainty. Unusual and unpredictable market developments may also create liquidity challenges for certain assets in the Company's investment portfolio.

Interest Rate Risk
The Company manages interest rate risk by investing excess funds in cash equivalents and marketable securities bearing a combination of fixed and variable interest rates, which are tied to various market indices. The Company's future investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates or it may suffer losses in principal if it is forced to sell securities that have declined in market value due to changes in interest rates. At June 30, 2017 , a 10% increase or decrease in interest rates would not have a material impact on the Company's future earnings, fair values, or cash flows.


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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act).

Based upon that evaluation, the chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of June 30, 2017 , in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in reports it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including its principal executive officer or officers and principal financial officer or officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.


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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is a party to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcomes of these matters are uncertain, management does not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the “Risk Factors” section as updated in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 .

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
During the three months ended June 30, 2017 , the Company repurchased no common stock under its share repurchase program. Its remaining authorization for common stock repurchases was $30.4 million at June 30, 2017 . The Company announced its current share repurchase program in July 2008. As of June 30, 2017 , the Company's Board of Directors has authorized repurchases up to an aggregate amount of $335.7 million in value of common stock under the current program. The Board of Directors authorizes the Company to repurchase outstanding shares of common stock, from time to time, depending on market conditions and other considerations. There is no expiration date on the repurchase authorizations, and repurchases occur at the Company's discretion.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

38

Table of Contents

Item 6. Exhibits
(a) Exhibits  
Number
  
Description
  
Method of Filing
 
 
 
 
 
3.1
  
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation.
  
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 20, 2006.
 
 
 
 
 
3.2
  
Second Amended and Restated By-Laws.
  
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 10, 2008.

 
 
 
 
 
4.1
  
Specimen of common stock certificate.
  
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on October 20, 2006.
 
 
 
 
 
10.1
 
Capella Education Company Deferred Compensation Plan as of June 1, 2017.
 
Filed electronically.
 
 
 
 
 
31.1
  
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
Filed electronically.
 
 
 
 
 
31.2
  
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
Filed electronically.
 
 
 
 
 
32.1
  
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
Filed electronically.
 
 
 
 
 
32.2
  
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
  
Filed electronically.
 
 
 
 
 
EX-101.INS
  
XBRL Instance Document (1)  
  
Filed electronically.
 
 
 
 
 
EX-101.SCH
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (1)  
  
Filed electronically.
 
 
 
 
 
EX-101.CAL
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (1)  
  
Filed electronically.
 
 
 
 
 
EX-101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (1)
 
Filed electronically.
 
 
 
 
 
EX-101.LAB
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (1)  
  
Filed electronically.
 
 
 
 
 
EX-101.PRE
  
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (1)  
  
Filed electronically.

*    Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

(1)  
The XBRL related information in Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to liability of that section and shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing or other document pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing or document.

39

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
CAPELLA EDUCATION COMPANY
 
/s/ J. Kevin Gilligan
July 25, 2017
J. Kevin Gilligan
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
/s/ Steven L. Polacek
July 25, 2017
Steven L. Polacek
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 

40


Exhibit 10.1











Capella Education Company Deferred Compensation Plan



June 1, 2017




IMPORTANT NOTE

This document has not been approved by the Department of Labor, Internal Revenue Service or any other governmental entity. An adopting Employer must determine whether the Plan is subject to the Federal securities laws and the securities laws of the various states. An adopting Employer may not rely on this document to ensure any particular tax consequences or to ensure that the Plan is “unfunded and maintained primarily for the purpose of providing deferred compensation to a select group of management or highly compensated employees” under Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, with respect to the Employer’s particular situation. Fidelity Employer Services Company, its affiliates and employees cannot provide you with legal advice in connection with the execution of this document. This document should be reviewed by the Employer’s attorney prior to execution.





TABLE OF CONTENTS


PREAMBLE
ARTICLE 1 – GENERAL
1.1
Plan
1.2
Effective Dates
1.3
Amounts Not Subject to Code Section 409A


ARTICLE 2 – DEFINITIONS
2.1
Account
2.2
Administrator
2.3
Adoption Agreement
2.4
Beneficiary
2.5
Board or Board of Directors
2.6
Bonus
2.7
Change in Control
2.8
Code
2.9
Compensation
2.10
Director
2.11
Disability
2.12
Eligible Employee
2.13
Employer
2.14
ERISA
2.15
Identification Date
2.16
Key Employee
2.17
Participant
2.18
Plan
2.19
Plan Sponsor
2.20
Plan Year
2.21
Related Employer
2.22
Retirement
2.23
Separation from Service
2.24
Unforeseeable Emergency
2.25
Valuation Date
2.26
Years of Service


ARTICLE 3 – PARTICIPATION
3.1
Participation
3.2
Termination of Participation


i




ARTICLE 4 – PARTICIPANT ELECTIONS
4.1
Deferral Agreement
4.2
Amount of Deferral
4.3
Timing of Election to Defer
4.4
Election of Payment Schedule and Form of Payment

ARTICLE 5 – EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS
5.1
Matching Contributions
5.2
Other Contributions


ARTICLE 6 – ACCOUNTS AND CREDITS
6.1
Establishment of Account
6.2
Credits to Account


ARTICLE 7 – INVESTMENT OF CONTRIBUTIONS
7.1
Investment Options
7.2
Adjustment of Accounts


ARTICLE 8 – RIGHT TO BENEFITS
8.1
Vesting
8.2
Death
8.3
Disability


ARTICLE 9 – DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS
9.1
Amount of Benefits
9.2
Method and Timing of Distributions
9.3
Unforeseeable Emergency
9.4
Payment Election Overrides
9.5
Cashouts of Amounts Not Exceeding Stated Limit
9.6
Required Delay in Payment to Key Employees
9.7
Change in Control
9.8
Permissible Delays in Payment
9.9
Permitted Acceleration of Payment



ii




ARTICLE 10 – AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION
10.1
Amendment by Plan Sponsor
10.2
Plan Termination Following Change in Control or Corporate Dissolution
10.3
Other Plan Terminations

ARTICLE 11 – THE TRUST
11.1
Establishment of Trust
11.2
Rabbi Trust
11.3
Investment of Trust Funds

ARTICLE 12 – PLAN ADMINISTRATION
12.1
Powers and Responsibilities of the Administrator
12.2
Claims and Review Procedures
12.3
Plan Administrative Costs


ARTICLE 13 – MISCELLANEOUS
13.1
Unsecured General Creditor of the Employer
13.2
Employer’s Liability
13.3
Limitation of Rights
13.4
Anti-Assignment
13.5
Facility of Payment
13.6
Notices
13.7
Tax Withholding
13.8
Indemnification
13.9
Successors
13.10
Disclaimer
13.11
Governing Law








iii




PREAMBLE

The Plan is intended to be a “plan which is unfunded and is maintained by an employer primarily for the purpose of providing deferred compensation for a select group of management or highly compensated employees” within the meaning of Sections 201(2), 301(a)(3) and 401(a)(1) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or an “excess benefit plan” within the meaning of Section 3(36) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or a combination of both. The Plan is further intended to conform with the requirements of Internal Revenue Code Section 409A and the final regulations issued thereunder and shall be interpreted, implemented and administered in a manner consistent therewith.



ARTICLE 1 – GENERAL


1.1
Plan. The Plan will be referred to by the name specified in the Adoption Agreement.

1.2
Effective Dates.

(a)
Original Effective Date. The Original Effective Date is the date as of which the Plan was initially adopted.

(b)
Amendment Effective Date. The Amendment Effective Date is the date specified in the Adoption Agreement as of which the Plan is amended and restated. Except to the extent otherwise provided herein or in the Adoption Agreement, the Plan shall apply to amounts deferred and benefit payments made on or after the Amendment Effective Date.

(c)
Special Effective Date. A Special Effective Date may apply to any given provision if so specified in Appendix A of the Adoption Agreement. A Special Effective Date will control over the Original Effective Date or Amendment Effective Date, whichever is applicable, with respect to such provision of the Plan.
1.3
Amounts Not Subject to Code Section 409A

Except as otherwise indicated by the Plan Sponsor in Section 1.01 of the Adoption Agreement, amounts deferred before January 1, 2005 that are earned and vested on December 31, 2004 will be separately accounted for and administered in accordance with the terms of the Plan as in effect on December 31, 2004.








ARTICLE 2 – DEFINITIONS


Pronouns used in the Plan are in the masculine gender but include the feminine gender unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Wherever used herein, the following terms have the meanings set forth below, unless a different meaning is clearly required by the context:

2.1
“Account” means an account established for the purpose of recording amounts credited on behalf of a Participant and any income, expenses, gains, losses or distributions included thereon. The Account shall be a bookkeeping entry only and shall be utilized solely as a device for the measurement and determination of the amounts to be paid to a Participant or to the Participant’s Beneficiary pursuant to the Plan.
2.2
“Administrator” means the person or persons designated by the Plan Sponsor in Section 1.05 of the Adoption Agreement to be responsible for the administration of the Plan. If no Administrator is designated in the Adoption Agreement, the Administrator is the Plan Sponsor.
2.3
“Adoption Agreement” means the agreement adopted by the Plan Sponsor that establishes the Plan.
2.4
“Beneficiary” means the persons, trusts, estates or other entities entitled under Section 8.2 to receive benefits under the Plan upon the death of a Participant.
2.5
“Board” or “Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Plan Sponsor.
2.6
“Bonus” means an amount of incentive remuneration payable by the Employer to a Participant.
2.7
“Change in Control” means the occurrence of an event involving the Plan Sponsor that is described in Section 9.7.
2.8
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
2.9
“Compensation” has the meaning specified in Section 3.01 of the Adoption Agreement.
2.10
“Director” means a non-employee member of the Board who has been designated by the Employer as eligible to participate in the Plan.


2‑1



2.11
“Disability” means a determination by the Administrator that the Participant is either (a) unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, or (b) is, by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months, receiving income replacement benefits for a period of not less than three months under an accident and health plan covering employees of the Employer. A Participant will be considered to have incurred a Disability if he is determined to be totally disabled by the Social Security Administration or the Railroad Retirement Board.

2.12
“Eligible Employee” means an employee of the Employer who satisfies the requirements in Section 2.01 of the Adoption Agreement.
2.13
“Employer” means the Plan Sponsor and any other entity which is authorized by the Plan Sponsor to participate in and, in fact, does adopt the Plan.
2.14
“ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
2.15
“Identification Date” means the date as of which Key Employees are determined which is specified in Section 1.06 of the Adoption Agreement.
2.16
“Key Employee” means an employee who satisfies the conditions set forth in Section 9.6.
2.17
“Participant” means an Eligible Employee or Director who commences participation in the Plan in accordance with Article 3.
2.18
“Plan” means the unfunded plan of deferred compensation set forth herein, including the Adoption Agreement and any trust agreement, as adopted by the Plan Sponsor and as amended from time to time.
2.19
“Plan Sponsor” means the entity identified in Section 1.03 of the Adoption Agreement or any successor by merger, consolidation or otherwise.
2.20
“Plan Year” means the period identified in Section 1.02 of the Adoption Agreement.
2.21
“Related Employer” means the Employer and (a) any corporation that is a member of a controlled group of corporations as defined in Code Section 414(b) that includes the Employer and (b) any trade or business

2‑2



that is under common control as defined in Code Section 414(c) that includes the Employer.
2.22
“Retirement” has the meaning specified in 6.01(f) of the Adoption Agreement.
2.23
“Separation from Service” means the date that the Participant dies, retires or otherwise has a termination of employment with respect to all entities comprising the Related Employer. A Separation from Service does not occur if the Participant is on military leave, sick leave or other bona fide leave of absence if the period of leave does not exceed six months or such longer period during which the Participant’s right to re-employment is provided by statute or contract. If the period of leave exceeds six months and the Participant’s right to re-employment is not provided either by statute or contract, a Separation from Service will be deemed to have occurred on the first day following the six-month period. If the period of leave is due to any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than six months, where the impairment causes the Participant to be unable to perform the duties of his or her position of employment or any substantially similar position of employment, a 29 month period of absence may be substituted for the six month period.
Whether a termination of employment has occurred is based on whether the facts and circumstances indicate that the Related Employer and the Participant reasonably anticipated that no further services would be performed after a certain date or that the level of bona fide services the Participant would perform after such date (whether as an employee or as an independent contractor) would permanently decrease to no more than 20 percent of the average level of bona fide services performed (whether as an employee or an independent contractor) over the immediately preceding 36 month period (or the full period of services to the Related Employer if the employee has been providing services to the Related Employer for less than 36 months).
An independent contractor is considered to have experienced a Separation from Service with the Related Employer upon the expiration of the contract (or, in the case of more than one contract, all contracts) under which services are performed for the Related Employer if the expiration constitutes a good-faith and complete termination of the contractual relationship.
If a Participant provides services as both an employee and an independent contractor of the Related Employer, the Participant must separate from service both as an employee and as an independent

2‑3



contractor to be treated as having incurred a Separation from Service. If a Participant ceases providing services as an independent contractor and begins providing services as an employee, or ceases providing services as an employee and begins providing services as an independent contractor, the Participant will not be considered to have experienced a Separation from Service until the Participant has ceased providing services in both capacities.
If a Participant provides services both as an employee and as a member of the board of directors of a corporate Related Employer (or an analogous position with respect to a noncorporate Related Employer), the services provided as a director are not taken into account in determining whether the Participant has incurred a Separation from Service as an employee for purposes of a nonqualified deferred compensation plan in which the Participant participates as an employee that is not aggregated under Code Section 409A with any plan in which the Participant participates as a director.
If a Participant provides services both as an employee and as a member of the board of directors of a corporate related Employer (or an analogous position with respect to a noncorporate Related Employer), the services provided as an employee are not taken into account in determining whether the Participant has experienced a Separation from Service as a director for purposes of a nonqualified deferred compensation plan in which the Participant participates as a director that is not aggregated under Code Section 409A with any plan in which the Participant participates as an employee.
All determinations of whether a Separation from Service has occurred will be made in a manner consistent with Code Section 409A and the final regulations thereunder.
2.24
“Unforeseeable Emergency” means a severe financial hardship of the Participant resulting from an illness or accident of the Participant, the Participant’s spouse, the Participant’s Beneficiary, or the Participant’s dependent (as defined in Code Section 152, without regard to Code section 152(b)(1), (b)(2) and (d)(1)(B); loss of the Participant’s property due to casualty; or other similar extraordinary and unforeseeable circumstances arising as a result of events beyond the control of the Participant.
2.25
“Valuation Date” means each business day of the Plan Year that the New York Stock Exchange is open.

2‑4



2.26
“Years of Service” means each one year period for which the Participant receives service credit in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.01(d) of the Adoption Agreement.



2‑5




ARTICLE 3 – PARTICIPATION


3.1
Participation. The Participants in the Plan shall be those Directors and employees of the Employer who satisfy the requirements of Section 2.01 of the Adoption Agreement.
3.2
Termination of Participation. The Administrator may terminate a Participant’s participation in the Plan in a manner consistent with Code Section 409A. If the Employer terminates a Participant’s participation before the Participant experiences a Separation from Service the Participant’s vested Accounts shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of Article 9.



3‑1




ARTICLE 4 – PARTICIPANT ELECTIONS


4.1
Deferral Agreement. If permitted by the Plan Sponsor in accordance with Section 4.01 of the Adoption Agreement, each Eligible Employee and Director may elect to defer his Compensation within the meaning of Section 3.01 of the Adoption Agreement by executing in writing or electronically, a deferral agreement in accordance with rules and procedures established by the Administrator and the provisions of this Article 4.

A new deferral agreement must be timely executed for each Plan Year during which the Eligible Employee or Director desires to defer Compensation. An Eligible Employee or Director who does not timely execute a deferral agreement shall be deemed to have elected zero deferrals of Compensation for such Plan Year.

A deferral agreement may be changed or revoked during the period specified by the Administrator. Except as provided in Section 9.3 or in Section 4.01(c) of the Adoption Agreement, a deferral agreement becomes irrevocable at the close of the specified period.

4.2
Amount of Deferral. An Eligible Employee or Director may elect to defer Compensation in any amount permitted by Section 4.01(a) of the Adoption Agreement.
4.3
Timing of Election to Defer. Each Eligible Employee or Director who desires to defer Compensation otherwise payable during a Plan Year must execute a deferral agreement within the period preceding the Plan Year specified by the Administrator. Each Eligible Employee who desires to defer Compensation that is a Bonus must execute a deferral agreement within the period preceding the Plan Year during which the Bonus is earned that is specified by the Administrator, except that if the Bonus can be treated as performance based compensation as described in Code Section 409A(a)(4)(B)(iii), the deferral agreement may be executed within the period specified by the Administrator, which period, in no event, shall end after the date which is six months prior to the end of the period during which the Bonus is earned, provided the Participant has performed services continuously from the later of the beginning of the performance period or the date the performance criteria are established through the date the Participant executed the deferral agreement and provided further that the compensation has not yet become ‘readily ascertainable’ within the meaning of Reg. Sec 1.409A-2(a)(8). In addition, if the Compensation qualifies as ‘fiscal year compensation’ within the meaning of Reg. Sec.

4‑1



1.409A-2(a)(6), the deferral agreement may be made not later than the end of the Employer’s taxable year immediately preceding the first taxable year of the Employer in which any services are performed for which such Compensation is payable.

Except as otherwise provided below, an employee who is classified or designated as an Eligible Employee during a Plan Year or a Director who is designated as eligible to participate during a Plan Year may elect to defer Compensation otherwise payable during the remainder of such Plan Year in accordance with the rules of this Section 4.3 by executing a deferral agreement within the thirty (30) day period beginning on the date the employee is classified or designated as an Eligible Employee or the date the Director is designated as eligible, whichever is applicable, if permitted by Section 4.01(b)(ii) of the Adoption Agreement. If Compensation is based on a specified performance period that begins before the Eligible Employee or Director executes his deferral agreement, the election will be deemed to apply to the portion of such Compensation equal to the total amount of Compensation for the performance period multiplied by the ratio of the number of days remaining in the performance period after the election becomes irrevocable and effective over the total number of days in the performance period. The rules of this paragraph shall not apply unless the Eligible Employee or Director can be treated as initially eligible in accordance with Reg. Sec. 1.409A-2(a)(7).

4.4
Election of Payment Schedule and Form of Payment.
All elections of a payment schedule and a form of payment will be made in accordance with rules and procedures established by the Administrator and the provisions of this Section 4.4.

(a)      If the Plan Sponsor has elected to permit annual distribution elections in accordance with Section 6.01(h) of the Adoption Agreement the following rules apply. At the time an Eligible Employee or Director completes a deferral agreement, the Eligible Employee or Director must elect a distribution event (which includes a specified time) and a form of payment for the Compensation subject to the deferral agreement from among the options the Plan Sponsor has made available for this purpose and which are specified in 6.01(b) of the Adoption Agreement. Prior to the time required by Reg. Sec. 1.409A-2, the Eligible Employee or Director shall elect a distribution event (which includes a specified time) and a form of payment for any Employer contributions that may be credited to the Participant’s Account during the Plan Year. If an Eligible Employee or Director fails to elect a distribution event, he shall be deemed to have elected Separation from Service as the distribution event. If he fails to

4‑2



elect a form of payment, he shall be deemed to have elected a lump sum form of payment.

(b)      If the Plan Sponsor has elected not to permit annual distribution elections in accordance with Section 6.01(h) of the Adoption Agreement the following rules apply. At the time an Eligible Employee or Director first completes a deferral agreement but in no event later than the time required by Reg. Sec. 1.409A-2, the Eligible Employee or Director must elect a distribution event (which includes a specified time) and a form of payment for amounts credited to his Account from among the options the Plan Sponsor has made available for this purpose and which are specified in Section 6.01(b) of the Adoption Agreement. If an Eligible Employee or Director fails to elect a distribution event, he shall be deemed to have elected Separation from Service in the distribution event. If the fails to elect a form of payment, he shall be deemed to have elected a lump sum form of payment.



.

4‑3




ARTICLE 5 – EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS


5.1
Matching Contributions. If elected by the Plan Sponsor in Section 5.01(a) of the Adoption Agreement, the Employer will credit the Participant’s Account with a matching contribution determined in accordance with the formula specified in Section 5.01(a) of the Adoption Agreement. The matching contribution will be treated as allocated to the Participant’s Account at the time specified in Section 5.01(a)(iii) of the Adoption Agreement.
5.2
Other Contributions. If elected by the Plan Sponsor in Section 5.01(b) of the Adoption Agreement, the Employer will credit the Participant’s Account with a contribution determined in accordance with the formula or method specified in Section 5.01(b) of the Adoption Agreement. The contribution will be treated as allocated to the Participant’s Account at the time specified in Section 5.01(b)(iii) of the Adoption Agreement.




5‑1




ARTICLE 6 – ACCOUNTS AND CREDITS


6.1
Establishment of Account. For accounting and computational purposes only, the Administrator will establish and maintain an Account on behalf of each Participant which will reflect the credits made pursuant to Section 6.2, distributions or withdrawals, along with the earnings, expenses, gains and losses allocated thereto, attributable to the hypothetical investments made with the amounts in the Account as provided in Article 7. The Administrator will establish and maintain such other records and accounts, as it decides in its discretion to be reasonably required or appropriate to discharge its duties under the Plan.

6.2
Credits to Account. A Participant’s Account will be credited for each Plan Year with the amount of his elective deferrals under Section 4.1 at the time the amount subject to the deferral election would otherwise have been payable to the Participant and the amount of Employer contributions treated as allocated on his behalf under Article 5.

ARTICLE 7 – INVESTMENT OF CONTRIBUTIONS


7.1
Investment Options. The amount credited to each Account shall be treated as invested in the investment options designated for this purpose by the Administrator.

7.2
Adjustment of Accounts. The amount credited to each Account shall be adjusted for hypothetical investment earnings, expenses, gains or losses in an amount equal to the earnings, expenses, gains or losses attributable to the investment options selected by the party designated in Section 9.01 of the Adoption Agreement from among the investment options provided in Section 7.1. If permitted by Section 9.01 of the Adoption Agreement, a Participant (or the Participant’s Beneficiary after the death of the Participant) may, in accordance with rules and procedures established by the Administrator, select the investments from among the options provided in Section 7.1 to be used for the purpose of calculating future hypothetical investment adjustments to the Account or to future credits to the Account under Section 6.2 effective as of the Valuation Date coincident with or next following notice to the Administrator. Each Account shall be adjusted as of each Valuation Date to reflect: (a) the hypothetical earnings, expenses, gains and losses described above; (b) amounts credited pursuant to Section 6.2; and (c) distributions or withdrawals. In addition, each Account may be adjusted for its allocable share of the hypothetical costs and expenses associated with the maintenance of the hypothetical investments provided in Section 7.1.



ARTICLE 8 – RIGHT TO BENEFITS


8.1
Vesting. A Participant, at all times, has a 100% nonforfeitable interest in the amounts credited to his Account attributable to his elective deferrals made in accordance with Section 4.1.

A Participant’s right to the amounts credited to his Account attributable to Employer contributions made in accordance with Article 5 shall be determined in accordance with the relevant schedule and provisions in Section 7.01 of the Adoption Agreement. Upon a Separation from Service and after application of the provisions of Section 7.01 of the Adoption Agreement, the Participant shall forfeit the nonvested portion of his Account.

8.2
Death. The Plan Sponsor may elect to accelerate vesting upon the death of the Participant in accordance with Section 7.01(c) of the Adoption Agreement and/or to accelerate distributions upon Death in accordance with Section 6.01(b) or Section 6.01(d) of the Adoption Agreement. If the Plan Sponsor does not elect to accelerate distributions upon death in accordance with Section 6.01(b) or Section 6.01(d) of the Adoption Agreement, the vested amount credited to the Participant’s Account will be paid in accordance with the provisions of Article 9.

A Participant may designate a Beneficiary or Beneficiaries, or change any prior designation of Beneficiary or Beneficiaries in accordance with rules and procedures established by the Administrator.

A copy of the death notice or other sufficient documentation must be filed with and approved by the Administrator. If upon the death of the Participant there is, in the opinion of the Administrator, no designated Beneficiary for part or all of the Participant’s vested Account, such amount will be paid to his estate (such estate shall be deemed to be the Beneficiary for purposes of the Plan) in accordance with the provisions of Article 9.

8.3
Disability. If the Plan Sponsor has elected to accelerate vesting upon the occurrence of a Disability in accordance with Section 7.01(c) of the Adoption Agreement and/or to permit distributions upon Disability in accordance with Section 6.01(b) or Section 6.01(d) of the Adoption Agreement, the determination of whether a Participant has incurred a Disability shall be made by the Administrator in its sole discretion in a manner consistent with the requirements of Code Section 409A.


ARTICLE 9 – DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS


9.1
Amount of Benefits. The vested amount credited to a Participant’s Account as determined under Articles 6, 7 and 8 shall determine and constitute the basis for the value of benefits payable to the Participant under the Plan.
9.2
Method and Timing of Distributions. Except as otherwise provided in this Article 9, distributions under the Plan shall be made in accordance with the elections made or deemed made by the Participant under Article 4. Subject to the provisions of Section 9.6 requiring a six month delay for certain distributions to Key Employees, distributions following a payment event shall commence at the time specified in Section 6.01(a) of the Adoption Agreement. If permitted by Section 6.01(g) of the Adoption Agreement, a Participant may elect, at least twelve months before a scheduled distribution event, to delay the payment date for a minimum period of sixty months from the originally scheduled date of payment, provided the election does not take effect for at least twelve months from the date on which the election is made. The distribution election change must be made in accordance with procedures and rules established by the Administrator. The Participant may, at the same time the date of payment is deferred, change the form of payment but such change in the form of payment may not effect an acceleration of payment in violation of Code Section 409A or the provisions of Reg. Sec. 1.409A-2(b). For purposes of this Section 9.2, a series of installment payments is always treated as a single payment and not as a series of separate payments.
9.3
Unforeseeable Emergency. A Participant may request a distribution due to an Unforeseeable Emergency if the Plan Sponsor has elected to permit Unforeseeable Emergency withdrawals under Section 8.01(a) of the Adoption Agreement. The request must be in writing and must be submitted to the Administrator along with evidence that the circumstances constitute an Unforeseeable Emergency. The Administrator has the discretion to require whatever evidence it deems necessary to determine whether a distribution is warranted, and may require the Participant to certify that the need cannot be met from other sources reasonably available to the Participant. Whether a Participant has incurred an Unforeseeable Emergency will be determined by the Administrator on the basis of the relevant facts and circumstances in its sole discretion, but, in no event, will an Unforeseeable Emergency be deemed to exist if the hardship can be relieved: (a) through reimbursement or compensation by insurance or otherwise, (b) by liquidation of the Participant’s assets to the extent such liquidation would not itself cause severe financial hardship, or (c) by cessation of deferrals under the Plan. A distribution due to an Unforeseeable Emergency must be limited to the amount reasonably necessary to satisfy the emergency need and may include any amounts necessary to pay any federal, state, foreign or local income taxes and penalties reasonably anticipated to result from the distribution. The distribution will be made in the form of a single lump sum cash payment. If permitted by Section 8.01(b) of the Adoption Agreement, a Participant’s deferral elections for the remainder of the Plan Year will be cancelled upon a withdrawal due to an Unforeseeable Emergency. If the payment of all or any portion of the Participant’s vested Account is being delayed in accordance with Section 9.6 at the time he experiences an Unforeseeable Emergency, the amount being delayed shall not be subject to the provisions of this Section 9.3 until the expiration of the six month period of delay required by section 9.6.

9.4
Payment Election Overrides. If the Plan Sponsor has elected one or more payment election overrides in accordance with Section 6.01(d) of the Adoption Agreement, the following provisions apply. Upon the occurrence of the first event selected by the Plan Sponsor, the remaining vested amount credited to the Participant’s Account shall be paid in the form designated to the Participant or his Beneficiary regardless of whether the Participant had made different elections of time and /or form of payment or whether the Participant was receiving installment payments at the time of the event.
9.5
Cashouts Of Amounts Not Exceeding Stated Limit. If the vested amount credited to the Participant’s Account does not exceed the limit established for this purpose by the Plan Sponsor in Section 6.01(e) of the Adoption Agreement at the time he incurs a Separation from Service for any reason, the Employer shall distribute such amount to the Participant at the time specified in Section 6.01(a) of the Adoption Agreement in a single lump sum cash payment following such Separation from Service regardless of whether the Participant had made different elections of time or form of payment as to the vested amount credited to his Account or whether the Participant was receiving installments at the time of such termination. A Participant’s Account, for purposes of this Section 9.5, shall include any amounts described in Section 1.3.
9.6
Required Delay in Payment to Key Employees . Except as otherwise provided in this Section 9.6, a distribution made on account of Separation from Service (or Retirement, if applicable) to a Participant who is a Key Employee as of the date of his Separation from Service (or Retirement, if applicable) shall not be made before the date which is six months after the Separation from Service (or Retirement, if applicable).
(a) A Participant is treated as a Key Employee if (i) he is employed by a Related Employer any of whose stock is publicly traded on an established securities market, and (ii) he satisfies the requirements of Code Section 416(i)(1)(A)(i), (ii) or (iii), determined without regard to Code Section 416(i)(5), at any time during the twelve month period ending on the Identification Date.

(b) A Participant who is a Key Employee on an Identification Date shall be treated as a Key Employee for purposes of the six month delay in distributions for the twelve month period beginning on the first day of a month no later than the fourth month following the Identification Date. The Identification Date and the effective date of the delay in distributions shall be determined in accordance with Section 1.06 of the Adoption Agreement.

(c) The Plan Sponsor may elect to apply an alternative method to identify Participants who will be treated as Key Employees for purposes of the six month delay in distributions if the method satisfies each of the following requirements. The alternative method is reasonably designed to include all Key Employees, is an objectively determinable standard providing no direct or indirect election to any Participant regarding its application, and results in either all Key Employees or no more than 200 Key Employees being identified in the class as of any date. Use of an alternative method that satisfies the requirements of this Section 9.6(c ) will not be treated as a change in the time and form of payment for purposes of Reg. Sec. 1.409A-2(b).

( d) The six month delay does not apply to payments described in Section 9.9(a),(b) or (d) or to payments that occur after the death of the Participant. If the payment of all or any portion of the Participant’s vested Account is being delayed in accordance with this Section 9.6 at the time he incurs a Disability which would otherwise require a distribution under the terms of the Plan, no amount shall be paid until the expiration of the six month period of delay required by this Section 9.6.


9.7
Change in Control. If the Plan Sponsor has elected to permit distributions upon a Change in Control, the following provisions shall apply. A distribution made upon a Change in Control will be made at the time specified in Section 6.01(a) of the Adoption Agreement in the form elected by the Participant in accordance with the procedures described in Article 4. Alternatively, if the Plan Sponsor has elected in accordance with Section 11.02 of the Adoption Agreement to require distributions upon a Change in Control, the Participant’s remaining vested Account shall be paid to the Participant or the Participant’s Beneficiary at the time specified in Section 6.01(a) of the Adoption Agreement as a single lump sum payment. A Change in Control, for purposes of the Plan, will occur upon a change in the ownership of the Plan Sponsor, a change in the effective control of the Plan Sponsor or a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the Plan Sponsor, but only if elected by the Plan Sponsor in Section 11.03 of the Adoption Agreement. The Plan Sponsor, for this purpose, includes any corporation identified in this Section 9.7. All distributions made in accordance with this Section 9.7 are subject to the provisions of Section 9.6.

If a Participant continues to make deferrals in accordance with Article 4 after he has received a distribution due to a Change in Control, the residual amount payable to the Participant shall be paid at the time and in the form specified in the elections he makes in accordance with Article 4 or upon his death or Disability as provided in Article 8.


Whether a Change in Control has occurred will be determined by the Administrator in accordance with the rules and definitions set forth in this Section 9.7. A distribution to the Participant will be treated as occurring upon a Change in Control if the Plan Sponsor terminates the Plan in accordance with Section 10.2 and distributes the Participant’s benefits within twelve months of a Change in Control as provided in Section 10.3.

(a
Relevant Corporations. To constitute a Change in Control for purposes of the Plan, the event must relate to (i) the corporation for whom the Participant is performing services at the time of the Change in Control, (ii) the corporation that is liable for the payment of the Participant’s benefits under the Plan (or all corporations liable if more than one corporation is liable) but only if either the deferred compensation is attributable to the performance of services by the Participant for such corporation (or corporations) or there is a bona fide business purpose for such corporation (or corporations) to be liable for such payment and, in either case, no significant purpose of making such corporation (or corporations) liable for such payment is the avoidance of federal income tax, or (iii) a corporation that is a majority shareholder of a corporation identified in (i) or (ii), or any corporation in a chain of corporations in which each corporation is a majority shareholder of another corporation in the chain, ending in a corporation identified in (i) or (ii). A majority shareholder is defined as a shareholder owning more than fifty percent (50%) of the total fair market value and voting power of such corporation.
(b
Stock Ownership. Code Section 318(a) applies for purposes of determining stock ownership. Stock underlying a vested option is considered owned by the individual who owns the vested option (and the stock underlying an unvested option is not considered owned by the individual who holds the unvested option). If, however, a vested option is exercisable for stock that is not substantially vested (as defined by Treasury Regulation Section 1.83-3(b) and (j)) the stock underlying the option is not treated as owned by the individual who holds the option.
(c
Change in the Ownership of a Corporation. A change in the ownership of a corporation occurs on the date that any one person or more than one person acting as a group, acquires ownership of stock of the corporation that, together with stock held by such person or group, constitutes more than fifty percent (50%) of the total fair market value or total voting power of the stock of such corporation. If any one person or more than one person acting as a group is considered to own more than fifty percent (50%) of the total fair market value or total voting power of the stock of a corporation, the acquisition of additional stock by the same person or persons is not considered to cause a change in the ownership of the corporation (or to cause a change in the effective control of the corporation as discussed below in Section 9.7(d)). An increase in the percentage of stock owned by any one person, or persons acting as a group, as a result of a transaction in which the corporation acquires its stock in exchange for property will be treated as an acquisition of stock. Section 9.7(c) applies only when there is a transfer of stock of a corporation (or issuance of stock of a corporation) and stock in such corporation remains outstanding after the transaction. For purposes of this Section 9.7(c), persons will not be considered to be acting as a group solely because they purchase or own stock of the same corporation at the same time or as a result of a public offering. Persons will, however, be considered to be acting as a group if they are owners of a corporation that enters into a merger, consolidation, purchase or acquisition of stock, or similar business transaction with the corporation. If a person, including an entity, owns stock in both corporations that enter into a merger, consolidation, purchase or acquisition of stock, or similar transaction, such shareholder is considered to be acting as a group with other shareholders in a corporation only with respect to ownership in that corporation prior to the transaction giving rise to the change and not with respect to the ownership interest in the other corporation.
(d
Change in the effective control of a corporation. A change in the effective control of a corporation occurs on the date that either (i) any one person, or more than one person acting as a group, acquires (or has acquired during the twelve month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such person or persons) ownership of stock of the corporation possessing thirty percent (30%) or more of the total voting power of the stock of such corporation, or (ii) a majority of members of the corporation’s board of directors is replaced during any twelve month period by directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the members of the corporation’s board of directors prior to the date of the appointment or election, provided that for purposes of this paragraph (ii), the term corporation refers solely to the relevant corporation identified in Section 9.7(a) for which no other corporation is a majority shareholder for purposes of Section 9.7(a). In the absence of an event described in Section 9.7(d)(i) or (ii), a change in the effective control of a corporation will not have occurred. A change in effective control may also occur in any transaction in which either of the two corporations involved in the transaction has a change in the ownership of such corporation as described in Section 9.7(c) or a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of such corporation as described in Section 9.7(e). If any one person, or more than one person acting as a group, is considered to effectively control a corporation within the meaning of this Section 9.7(d), the acquisition of additional control of the corporation by the same person or persons is not considered to cause a change in the effective control of the corporation or to cause a change in the ownership of the corporation within the meaning of Section 9.7(c). For purposes of this Section 9.7(d), persons will or will not be considered to be acting as a group in accordance with rules similar to those set forth in Section 9.7(c) with the following exception. If a person, including an entity, owns stock in both corporations that enter into a merger, consolidation, purchase or acquisition of stock, or similar transaction, such shareholder is considered to be acting as a group with other shareholders in a corporation only with respect to the ownership in that corporation prior to the transaction giving rise to the change and not with respect to the ownership interest in the other corporation.
(e
Change in the ownership of a substantial portion of a corporation’s assets. A change in the ownership of a substantial portion of a corporation’s assets occurs on the date that any one person, or more than one person acting as a group (as determined in accordance with rules similar to those set forth in Section 9.7(d)), acquires (or has acquired during the twelve month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such person or persons) assets from the corporation that have a total gross fair market value equal to or more than forty percent (40%) of the total gross fair market value of all of the assets of the corporation immediately prior to such acquisition or acquisitions. For this purpose, gross fair market value means the value of the assets of the corporation or the value of the assets being disposed of determined without regard to any liabilities associated with such assets. There is no Change in Control event under this Section 9.7(e) when there is a transfer to an entity that is controlled by the shareholders of the transferring corporation immediately after the transfer. A transfer of assets by a corporation is not treated as a change in ownership of such assets if the assets are transferred to (i) a shareholder of the corporation (immediately before the asset transfer) in exchange for or with respect to its stock, (ii) an entity, fifty percent (50%) or more of the total value or voting power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the corporation, (iii) a person, or more than one person acting as a group, that owns, directly or indirectly, fifty percent (50%) or more of the total value or voting power of all the outstanding stock of the corporation, or (iv) an entity, at least fifty (50%) of the total value or voting power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by a person described in Section 9.7(e)(iii). For purposes of the foregoing, and except as otherwise provided, a person’s status is determined immediately after the transfer of assets.

9.8
Permissible Delays in Payment. Distributions may be delayed beyond the date payment would otherwise occur in accordance with the provisions of Articles 8 and 9 in any of the following circumstances as long as the Employer treats all payments to similarly situated Participants on a reasonably consistent basis.

(a
The Employer may delay payment if it reasonably anticipates that its deduction with respect to such payment would be limited or eliminated by the application of Code Section 162(m). Payment must be made during the Participant’s first taxable year in which the Employer reasonably anticipates, or should reasonably anticipate, that if the payment is made during such year the deduction of such payment will not be barred by the application of Code Section 162(m) or during the period beginning with the Participant’s Separation from Service and ending on the later of the last day of the Employer’s taxable year in which the Participant separates from service or the 15th day of the third month following the Participant’s Separation from Service. If a scheduled payment to a Participant is delayed in accordance with this Section 9.8(a), all scheduled payments to the Participant that could be delayed in accordance with this Section 9.8(a) will also be delayed.

(b
The Employer may also delay payment if it reasonably anticipates that the making of the payment will violate federal securities laws or other applicable laws provided payment is made at the earliest date on which the Employer reasonably anticipates that the making of the payment will not cause such violation.

(c
The Employer reserves the right to amend the Plan to provide for a delay in payment upon such other events and conditions as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe in generally applicable guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin.

9.9
Permitted Acceleration of Payment . The Employer may permit acceleration of the time or schedule of any payment or amount scheduled to be paid pursuant to a payment under the Plan provided such acceleration would be permitted by the provisions of Reg. Sec. 1.409A-3(j)(4), including the following events:
(a)
Domestic Relations Order. A payment may be accelerated if such payment is made to an alternate payee pursuant to and following the receipt and qualification of a domestic relations order as defined in Code Section 414(p).
(b)
Compliance with Ethics Agreements and Legal Requirements. A payment may be accelerated as may be necessary to comply with ethics agreements with the Federal government or as may be reasonably necessary to avoid the violation of Federal, state, local or foreign ethics law or conflicts of laws, in accordance with the requirements of Code Section 409A.
(c)
De Minimis Amounts. A payment will be accelerated if (i) the amount of the payment is not greater than the applicable dollar amount under Code Section 402(g)(1)(B), (ii) at the time the payment is made the amount constitutes the Participant’s entire interest under the Plan and all other plans that are aggregated with the Plan under Reg. Sec. 1.409A-1(c)(2).
(d)
FICA Tax. A payment may be accelerated to the extent required to pay the Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax imposed under Code Sections 3101, 3121(a) and 3121(v)(2) of the Code with respect to compensation deferred under the Plan (the “FICA Amount”). Additionally, a payment may be accelerated to pay the income tax on wages imposed under Code Section 3401 of the Code on the FICA Amount and to pay the additional income tax at source on wages attributable to the pyramiding Code Section 3401 wages and taxes. The total payment under this subsection (d) may not exceed the aggregate of the FICA Amount and the income tax withholding related to the FICA Amount.
(e)
Section 409A Additional Tax. A payment may be accelerated if the Plan fails to meet the requirements of Code Section 409A; provided that such payment may not exceed the amount required to be included in income as a result of the failure to comply with the requirements of Code Section 409A.
(f)
Offset. A payment may be accelerated in the Employer’s discretion as satisfaction of a debt of the Participant to the Employer, where such debt is incurred in the ordinary course of the service relationship between the Participant and the Employer, the entire amount of the reduction in any of the Employer’s taxable years does not exceed $5,000, and the reduction is made at the same time and in the same amount as the debt otherwise would have been due and collected from the Participant.
(g)
Other Events. A payment may be accelerated in the Administrator’s discretion in connection with such other events and conditions as permitted by Code Section 409A.




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ARTICLE 10 – AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION


10.1
Amendment by Plan Sponsor. The Plan Sponsor reserves the right to amend the Plan (for itself and each Employer) through action of the Compensation Committee of its Board of Directors. In addition, the CEO together with the Chief Human Resources Officer (CHRO), may also amend the Plan (for the Company and each Employer) for any amendments that are determined by both individuals, in their joint discretion, to be administrative in nature or necessary or advisable to conform to the Plan to any legal or regulatory changes or guidance . No amendment can directly or indirectly deprive any current or former Participant or Beneficiary of all or any portion of his Account which had accrued and vested prior to the amendment.

10.2
Plan Termination Following Change in Control or Corporate Dissolution. If so elected by the Plan Sponsor in 11.01 of the Adoption Agreement, the Plan Sponsor reserves the right to terminate the Plan and distribute all amounts credited to all Participant Accounts within the 30 days preceding or the twelve months following a Change in Control as determined in accordance with the rules set forth in Section 9.7. For this purpose, the Plan will be treated as terminated only if all agreements, methods, programs and other arrangements sponsored by the Related Employer immediately after the Change in Control which are treated as a single plan under Reg. Sec. 1.409A-1(c)(2) are also terminated so that all participants under the Plan and all similar arrangements are required to receive all amounts deferred under the terminated arrangements within twelve months of the date the Plan Sponsor irrevocably takes all necessary action to terminate the arrangements. In addition, the Plan Sponsor reserves the right to terminate the Plan within twelve months of a corporate dissolution taxed under Code Section 331 or with the approval of a bankruptcy court pursuant to 11 U. S. C. Section 503(b)(1)(A) provided that amounts deferred under the Plan are included in the gross incomes of Participants in the latest of (a) the calendar year in which the termination and liquidation occurs, (b) the first calendar year in which the amount is no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, or (c) the first calendar year in which payment is administratively practicable.

10.3
Other Plan Terminations. The Plan Sponsor retains the discretion to terminate the Plan if (a) all arrangements sponsored by the Plan Sponsor that would be aggregated with any terminated arrangement under Code Section 409A and Reg. Sec. 1.409A-1(c)(2) are terminated, (b) no payments other than payments that would be payable under the terms of the arrangements if the termination had not occurred are made within twelve months of the termination of the arrangements, (c) all payments are

10‑1



made within twenty-four months of the date the Plan Sponsor takes all necessary action to irrevocably terminate and liquidate the arrangements, (d) the Plan Sponsor does not adopt a new arrangement that would be aggregated with any terminated arrangement under Code Section 409A and the regulations thereunder at any time within the three year period following the date of termination of the arrangement, and (e) the termination does not occur proximate to a downturn in the financial health of the Plan sponsor. The Plan Sponsor also reserves the right to amend the Plan to provide that termination of the Plan will occur under such conditions and events as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury in generally applicable guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin.


ARTICLE 11 – THE TRUST


11.1
Establishment of Trust. The Plan Sponsor may but is not required to establish a trust to hold amounts which the Plan Sponsor may contribute from time to time to correspond to some or all amounts credited to Participants under Section 6.2. In the event that the Plan Sponsor wishes to establish a trust to provide a source of funds for the payment of Plan benefits, any such trust shall be constructed to constitute an unfunded arrangement that does not affect the status of the Plan as an unfunded plan for purposes of Title I of ERISA and the Code. If the Plan Sponsor elects to establish a trust in accordance with Section 10.01 of the Adoption Agreement, the provisions of Sections 11.2 and 11.3 shall become operative.
11.2
Rabbi Trust. Any trust established by the Plan Sponsor shall be between the Plan Sponsor and a trustee pursuant to a separate written agreement under which assets are held, administered and managed, subject to the claims of the Plan Sponsor’s creditors in the event of the Plan Sponsor’s insolvency. The trust is intended to be treated as a rabbi trust in accordance with existing guidance of the Internal Revenue Service, and the establishment of the trust shall not cause the Participant to realize current income on amounts contributed thereto. The Plan Sponsor must notify the trustee in the event of a bankruptcy or insolvency.
11.3
Investment of Trust Funds. Any amounts contributed to the trust by the Plan Sponsor shall be invested by the trustee in accordance with the provisions of the trust and the instructions of the Administrator. Trust investments need not reflect the hypothetical investments selected by Participants under Section 7.1 for the purpose of adjusting Accounts and the earnings or investment results of the trust need not affect the hypothetical investment adjustments to Participant Accounts under the Plan.



10‑2



ARTICLE 12 – PLAN ADMINISTRATION

12.1
Powers and Responsibilities of the Administrator. The Administrator has the full power and the full responsibility to administer the Plan in all of its details, subject, however, to the applicable requirements of ERISA. The Administrator’s powers and responsibilities include, but are not limited to, the following:
(a)
To make and enforce such rules and procedures as it deems necessary or proper for the efficient administration of the Plan;
(b)
To interpret the Plan, its interpretation thereof to be final, except as provided in Section 12.2, on all persons claiming benefits under the Plan;
(c)
To decide all questions concerning the Plan and the eligibility of any person to participate in the Plan;
(d)
To administer the claims and review procedures specified in Section 12.2;
(e)
To compute the amount of benefits which will be payable to any Participant, former Participant or Beneficiary in accordance with the provisions of the Plan;
(f)
To determine the person or persons to whom such benefits will be paid;
(g)
To authorize the payment of benefits;
(h)
To comply with the reporting and disclosure requirements of Part 1 of Subtitle B of Title I of ERISA;
(i)
To appoint such agents, counsel, accountants, and consultants as may be required to assist in administering the Plan;
(j)
By written instrument, to allocate and delegate its responsibilities, including the formation of an Administrative Committee to administer the Plan.

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12.2
Claims and Review Procedures.
(a)
Claims Procedure.

If any person believes he is being denied any rights or benefits under the Plan, such person may file a claim in writing with the Administrator. If any such claim is wholly or partially denied, the Administrator will notify such person of its decision in writing. Such notification will contain (i) specific reasons for the denial, (ii) specific reference to pertinent Plan provisions, (iii) a description of any additional material or information necessary for such person to perfect such claim and an explanation of why such material or information is necessary, and (iv) a description of the Plan’s review procedures and the time limits applicable to such procedures, including a statement of the person’s right to bring a civil action following an adverse decision on review. Such notification will be given within 90 days (45 days in the case of a claim regarding Disability) after the claim is received by the Administrator. The Administrator may extend the period for providing the notification by 90 days (30 days in the case of a claim regarding Disability) if special circumstances require an extension of time for processing the claim and if written notice of such extension and circumstance is given to such person within the initial 90 day period (45 day period in the case of a claim regarding Disability). If such notification is not given within such period, the claim will be considered denied as of the last day of such period and such person may request a review of his claim.
(b)
Review Procedure.

Within 60 days (180 days in the case of a claim regarding Disability) after the date on which a person receives a written notification of denial of claim (or, if written notification is not provided, within 60 days (180 days in the case of a claim regarding Disability) of the date denial is considered to have occurred), such person (or his duly authorized representative) may (i) file a written request with the Administrator for a review of his denied claim and of pertinent documents and (ii) submit written issues and comments to the Administrator. The Administrator will notify such person of its decision in writing. Such notification will be written in a manner calculated to be understood by such person and will contain specific reasons for the decision as well as specific references to pertinent Plan provisions. The notification will explain that the

12‑2



person is entitled to receive, upon request and free of charge, reasonable access to and copies of all pertinent documents and has the right to bring a civil action following an adverse decision on review. The decision on review will be made within 60 days (45 days in the case of a claim regarding Disability). The Administrator may extend the period for making the decision on review by 60 days (45 days in the case of a claim regarding Disability) if special circumstances require an extension of time for processing the request such as an election by the Administrator to hold a hearing, and if written notice of such extension and circumstances is given to such person within the initial 60-day period (45 days in the case of a claim regarding Disability). If the decision on review is not made within such period, the claim will be considered denied.
(c)
Exhaustion of Claims Procedures and Right to Bring Legal Claim

No action at law or equity shall be brought more than one (1) year after the Administrator’s affirmation of a denial of a claim, or, if earlier, more than four (4) years after the facts or events giving rising to the claimant’s allegation(s) or claim(s) first occurred.

12.3
Plan Administrative Costs. All reasonable costs and expenses (including legal, accounting, and employee communication fees) incurred by the Administrator in administering the Plan shall be paid by the Plan to the extent not paid by the Employer.



12‑3




ARTICLE 13 – MISCELLANEOUS


13.1
Unsecured General Creditor of the Employer. Participants and their Beneficiaries, heirs, successors and assigns shall have no legal or equitable rights, interests or claims in any property or assets of the Employer. For purposes of the payment of benefits under the Plan, any and all of the Employer’s assets shall be, and shall remain, the general, unpledged, unrestricted assets of the Employer. Each Employer's obligation under the Plan shall be merely that of an unfunded and unsecured promise to pay money in the future.
13.2
Employer’s Liability . Each Employer’s liability for the payment of benefits under the Plan shall be defined only by the Plan and by the deferral agreements entered into between a Participant and the Employer. An Employer shall have no obligation or liability to a Participant under the Plan except as provided by the Plan and a deferral agreement or agreements. An Employer shall have no liability to Participants employed by other Employers.
13.3
Limitation of Rights . Neither the establishment of the Plan, nor any amendment thereof, nor the creation of any fund or account, nor the payment of any benefits, will be construed as giving to the Participant or any other person any legal or equitable right against the Employer, the Plan or the Administrator, except as provided herein; and in no event will the terms of employment or service of the Participant be modified or in any way affected hereby.
13.4
Anti-Assignment . Except as may be necessary to fulfill a domestic relations order within the meaning of Code Section 414(p), none of the benefits or rights of a Participant or any Beneficiary of a Participant shall be subject to the claim of any creditor. In particular, to the fullest extent permitted by law, all such benefits and rights shall be free from attachment, garnishment, or any other legal or equitable process available to any creditor of the Participant and his or her Beneficiary. Neither the Participant nor his or her Beneficiary shall have the right to alienate, anticipate, commute, pledge, encumber, or assign any of the payments which he or she may expect to receive, contingently or otherwise, under the Plan, except the right to designate a Beneficiary to receive death benefits provided hereunder. Notwithstanding the preceding, the benefit payable from a Participant’s Account may be reduced, at the discretion of the administrator, to satisfy any debt or liability to the Employer.
13.5
Facility of Payment . If the Administrator determines, on the basis of medical reports or other evidence satisfactory to the Administrator, that the recipient of

13‑1



any benefit payments under the Plan is incapable of handling his affairs by reason of minority, illness, infirmity or other incapacity, the Administrator may direct the Employer to disburse such payments to a person or institution designated by a court which has jurisdiction over such recipient or a person or institution otherwise having the legal authority under State law for the care and control of such recipient. The receipt by such person or institution of any such payments therefore, and any such payment to the extent thereof, shall discharge the liability of the Employer, the Plan and the Administrator for the payment of benefits hereunder to such recipient.
13.6
Notices. Any notice or other communication to the Employer or Administrator in connection with the Plan shall be deemed delivered in writing if addressed to the Plan Sponsor at the address specified in Section 1.03 of the Adoption Agreement and if either actually delivered at said address or, in the case or a letter, 5 business days shall have elapsed after the same shall have been deposited in the United States mails, first-class postage prepaid and registered or certified.
13.7
Tax Withholding . If the Employer concludes that tax is owing with respect to any deferral or payment hereunder, the Employer shall withhold such amounts from any payments due the Participant or from amounts deferred, as permitted by law, or otherwise make appropriate arrangements with the Participant or his Beneficiary for satisfaction of such obligation. Tax, for purposes of this Section 13.7 means any federal, state, local or any other governmental income tax, employment or payroll tax, excise tax, or any other tax or assessment owing with respect to amounts deferred, any earnings thereon, and any payments made to Participants under the Plan.
13.8
Indemnification. (a) Each Indemnitee (as defined in Section 13.8(e)) shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Employer for all actions taken by him and for all failures to take action (regardless of the date of any such action or failure to take action), to the fullest extent permitted by the law of the jurisdiction in which the Employer is incorporated, against all expense, liability, and loss (including, without limitation, attorneys' fees, judgments, fines, taxes, penalties, and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by the Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding (as defined in Subsection (e)). No indemnification pursuant to this Section shall be made, however, in any case where (1) the act or failure to act giving rise to the claim for indemnification is determined by a court to have constituted willful misconduct or recklessness or (2) there is a settlement to which the Employer does not consent.
(b)   The right to indemnification provided in this Section shall include the right to have the expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in defending any Proceeding paid by the Employer in advance of the final disposition of the

13‑2



Proceeding, to the fullest extent permitted by the law of the jurisdiction in which the Employer is incorporated; provided that, if such law requires, the payment of such expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in advance of the final disposition of a Proceeding shall be made only on delivery to the Employer of an undertaking, by or on behalf of the Indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced without interest if it shall ultimately be determined that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section or otherwise.
(c)  Indemnification pursuant to this Section shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be such and shall inure to the benefit of his heirs, executors, and administrators. The Employer agrees that the undertakings made in this Section shall be binding on its successors or assigns and shall survive the termination, amendment or restatement of the Plan.
(d)  The foregoing right to indemnification shall be in addition to such other rights as the Indemnitee may enjoy as a matter of law or by reason of insurance coverage of any kind and is in addition to and not in lieu of any rights to indemnification to which the Indemnitee may be entitled pursuant to the by-laws of the Employer.
(e)  For the purposes of this Section, the following definitions shall apply:
(1)  "Indemnitee" shall mean each person serving as an Administrator (or any other person who is an employee, director, or officer of the Employer) who was or is a party to, or is threatened to be made a party to, or is otherwise involved in, any Proceeding, by reason of the fact that he is or was performing administrative functions under the Plan.
(2)  "Proceeding" shall mean any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding (including, without limitation, an action, suit, or proceeding by or in the right of the Employer), whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative, or through arbitration.
13.9
Successors . The provisions of the Plan shall bind and inure to the benefit of the Plan Sponsor, the Employer and their successors and assigns and the Participant and the Participant’s designated Beneficiaries.
13.10
Disclaimer. It is the Plan Sponsor’s intention that the Plan comply with the requirements of Code Section 409A. Neither the Plan Sponsor nor the Employer shall have any liability to any Participant should any provision of the Plan fail to satisfy the requirements of Code Section 409A.
13.11
Governing Law . The Plan will be construed, administered and enforced according to the laws of the State specified by the Plan Sponsor in Section 12.01 of the Adoption Agreement.

13‑3


Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
I, J. Kevin Gilligan, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Capella Education Company;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: July 25, 2017
 
/s/ J. Kevin Gilligan
 
J. Kevin Gilligan
 
Chief Executive Officer
 




Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
I, Steven L. Polacek, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Capella Education Company;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: July 25, 2017
 
/s/ Steven L. Polacek
 
Steven L. Polacek
 
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 




Exhibit 32.1
Certification of Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350
(Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Capella Education Company (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, J. Kevin Gilligan, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1)
The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
/s/ J. Kevin Gilligan
 
J. Kevin Gilligan
 
Chief Executive Officer
 
July 25, 2017
 

This certification accompanies this Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.




Exhibit 32.2
Certification of Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350
(Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Capella Education Company (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Steven L. Polacek, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1)
The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
/s/ Steven L. Polacek
 
Steven L. Polacek
 
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
July 25, 2017
 

This certification accompanies this Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.