EXHIBIT 3 .1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BY-LAWS

 

of

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

 

 

Adopted April 29, 1958

 

As Amended Through

 

April 24, 2007

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

				PAGE
ARTICLE I
Definitions				1
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
SEC. 1.		Place of Meetings		1
SEC. 2.		Annual Meetings		1
SEC. 3.		Special Meetings		2
SEC. 4.		Notice of Meetings		2
SEC. 5.		Quorum		2
SEC. 6.		Organization		3
SEC. 7.		Items of Business		3
SEC. 8.		Voting		4
SEC. 9.		List of Stockholders		5
SEC. 10.		Inspectors of Election		5
ARTICLE III
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
SEC. 1.		General Powers		6
SEC. 2.		Number; Qualifications; Election; Term of Office		6
SEC. 3.		Place of Meetings		6
SEC. 4.		First Meeting		6
SEC. 5.		Regular Meetings		6
SEC. 6.		Special Meetings		6
SEC. 7.		Notice of Meetings		6
SEC. 8.		Quorum and Manner of Acting		7
SEC. 9.		Organization		7
SEC. 10.		Resignations		7
SEC. 11.		Vacancies		7
SEC. 12.		Retirement of Directors		7

 

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ARTICLE IV
EXECUTIVE AND OTHER COMMITTEES
SEC. 1.		Executive Committee		8
SEC. 2.		Powers of the Executive Committee		8
SEC. 3.		Meetings of the Executive Committee		8
SEC. 4.		Quorum and Manner of Acting of the Executive Committee		9
SEC. 5.		Other Committees		9
SEC. 6.		Changes in Committees; Resignations; Removals; Vacancies		10
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
SEC. 1.		Number and Qualifications		10
SEC. 2.		Resignations		10
SEC. 3.		Removal		11
SEC. 4.		Vacancies		11
SEC. 5.		Chairman of the Board		11
SEC. 6.		Vice Chairman of the Board		11
SEC. 7.		President		11
SEC. 8.		Designated Officers		12
SEC. 9.		Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents and Vice Presidents		12
SEC. 10.		Treasurer		12
SEC. 11.		Secretary		13
SEC. 12.		Controller		14
SEC. 13.		Compensation		14

 

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ARTICLE VI
CONTRACTS, CHECKS, DRAFTS, BANK ACCOUNTS, ETC.
SEC. 1.		Execution of Contracts		14
SEC. 2.		Loans		14
SEC. 3.		Checks, Drafts, etc		15
SEC. 4.		Deposits		15
SEC. 5.		General and Special Bank Accounts		15
SEC. 6.		Indemnification		15
ARTICLE VII
SHARES
SEC. 1.		Stock Certificates		16
SEC. 2.		Books of Account and Record of Stockholders		16
SEC. 3.		Transfers of Stock		16
SEC. 4.		Regulations		17
SEC. 5.		Fixing of Record Date		17
SEC. 6.		Lost, Destroyed or Mutilated Certificates		17
SEC. 7.		Inspection of Records		18
SEC. 8.		Auditors		18
ARTICLE VIII
OFFICES
SEC. 1.		Principal Office		18
SEC. 2.		Other Offices		18
ARTICLE IX
Waiver of Notice				18

 

 

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ARTICLE X
Fiscal Year		19
ARTICLE XI
Seal		19
ARTICLE XII
Amendments		19

 

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BY-LAWS

OF

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

In these By-laws, and for all purposes hereof, unless there be something in the subject or context inconsistent therewith:

(a) ‘Corporation’ shall mean International Business Machines Corporation.

(b) ‘Certificate of Incorporation’ shall mean the restated Certificate of Incorporation as filed on May    27, 1992, together with any and all amendments and subsequent restatements thereto.

(c)  ‘Board’ shall mean the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

(d) ‘stockholders’ shall mean the stockholders of the Corporation.

(e) ‘Chairman of the Board’, ‘Vice Chairman of the Board’, ‘Chairman of the Executive Committee’, ‘Chief Executive Officer,’ ‘Chief Financial Officer’, ‘Chief Accounting Officer’, ‘President’, ‘Executive Vice President’, ‘Senior Vice President’, ‘Vice President’, ‘Treasurer’, ‘Secretary’, or ‘Controller’, as the case may be, shall mean the person at any given time occupying the particular office with the Corporation.

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

SECTION 1.  Place of Meetings.  Meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be held at such place either within or outside the State of New York as may from time to time be fixed by the Board or specified or fixed in the notice of any such meeting.

SECTION 2.  Annual Meetings.  The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting shall be held on the last Tuesday of April of each year, if not a legal holiday, or, if such day shall be a legal holiday, then on the next succeeding day not a legal holiday. If any annual meeting shall not be held on the day designated herein, or if the directors to be elected at such annual

 

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meeting shall not have been elected thereat or at any adjournment thereof, the Board shall forthwith call a special meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors to be held as soon thereafter as convenient and give notice thereof as provided in these By-laws in respect of the notice of an annual meeting of the stockholders. At such special meeting the stockholders may elect the directors and transact other business with the same force and effect as at an annual meeting of the stockholders duly called and held.

SECTION 3.  Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the stockholders, unless otherwise provided by law, may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board or by the Board.

SECTION 4.  Notice of Meetings.  Notice of each meeting of the stockholders, annual or special, shall be given in the name of the Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice President or the Secretary.  Such notice shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called and the date and hour when and the place where it is to be held. A copy thereof shall be duly delivered or transmitted to all stockholders of record entitled to vote at such meeting, and all stockholders of record who, by reason of any action proposed to be taken at such meeting, would be entitled to have their stock appraised if such action were taken, not less than ten or more than sixty days before the day on which the meeting is called to be held. If mailed, such copy shall be directed to each stockholder at the address listed on the record of stockholders of the Corporation, or if the stockholder shall have filed with the Secretary a written request that notices be mailed to some other address, it shall be mailed to the address designated in such request. Nevertheless, notice of any meeting of the stockholders shall not be required to be given to any stockholder who shall waive notice thereof as hereinafter provided in Article IX of these By-laws. Except when expressly required by law, notice of any adjourned meeting of the stockholders need not be given nor shall publication of notice of any annual or special meeting thereof be required.

SECTION 5.  Quorum.  Except as otherwise provided by law, at all meetings of the stockholders, the presence of holders of record of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation having voting power, in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote thereat, shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum at any such meeting or any adjournment or adjournments thereof, a majority in voting interest of those present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote thereat, or, in the absence of all the stockholders, any officer entitled to preside at, or to act as secretary of, such meeting, may adjourn such meeting from time to time without further notice, other than by announcement at the meeting at which such adjournment shall be taken, until a quorum shall be present thereat. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called.

 

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SECTION 6.  Organization.  At each meeting of the stockholders, the Chairman of the Board, or in the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the President, or in the absence of the Chairman of the Board and the President, a Vice Chairman of the Board, or if the Chairman of the Board, the President, and all Vice Chairmen of the Board shall be absent therefrom, an Executive Vice President, or if the Chairman of the Board, the President, all Vice Chairmen of the Board and all Executive Vice Presidents shall be absent therefrom, a Senior Vice President shall act as chairman. The Secretary, or, if the Secretary shall be absent from such meeting or unable to act, the person whom the Chairman of such meeting shall appoint secretary of such meeting shall act as secretary of such meeting and keep the minutes thereof.

SECTION 7.   Items of Business.  The items of business at all meetings of the stockholders shall be, insofar as applicable, as follows:

— Call to order.

— Proof of notice of meeting or of waiver thereof.

— Appointment of inspectors of election, if necessary.

— A quorum being present.

— Reports.

— Election of directors.

— Other business specified in the notice of the meeting.

— Voting.

— Adjournment.

Any items of business not referred to in the foregoing may be taken up at the meeting as the chairman of the meeting shall determine.

No other business shall be transacted at any annual meeting of stockholders, except business as may be: (i) specified in the notice of meeting (including stockholder proposals included in the Corporation’s proxy materials under Rule 14a-8 of Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), (ii) otherwise brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (iii) a proper subject for the meeting which is timely submitted by a stockholder of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting who complies fully with the notice requirements set forth below.

For business to be properly submitted by a stockholder before any annual meeting under subparagraph (iii) above, a stockholder must give timely notice in writing of such business to the Secretary of the Corporation.  To be considered timely, a stockholder’s notice must be received by the Secretary at the principal

 

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executive offices of the Corporation not less than 120 calendar days nor more than 150 calendar days before the date of the Corporation’s proxy statement released to stockholders in connection with the prior year’s annual meeting.

However, if no annual meeting was held in the previous year, or if the date of the applicable annual meeting has been changed by more than 30 days from the date contemplated at the time of the previous year’s proxy statement, a stockholder’s notice must be received by the Secretary not later than 60 days before the date the Corporation commences mailing of its proxy materials in connection with  the applicable annual meeting.

A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary to submit business to an annual meeting of stockholders shall set forth: (i) the name and address of the stockholder, (ii) the number of shares of stock held of record and beneficially by such stockholder, (iii) the name in which all such shares of stock are registered on the stock transfer books of the Corporation, (iv) a representation that the stockholder intends to appear at the meeting in person or by proxy to submit the business specified in such notice, (v) a brief description of the business desired to be submitted to the annual meeting, including the complete text of any resolutions intended to be presented at the annual meeting, and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (vi) any personal or other material interest of the stockholder in the business to be submitted,  and (vii) all other information relating to the proposed business which may be required to be disclosed under applicable law.   In addition, a stockholder seeking to submit such business at the meeting shall promptly provide any other information reasonably requested by the Corporation.

The chairman of the meeting shall determine all matters relating to the efficient conduct of the meeting, including, but not limited to, the items of business, as well as the maintenance of order and decorum. The chairman shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare that any putative business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures prescribed by this Section 7, in which case such business shall not be transacted.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 7, a stockholder who seeks to have any proposal included in the Corporation’s proxy materials shall comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-8 under Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

SECTION 8.  Voting.  Except as otherwise provided by law, each holder of record of shares of stock of the Corporation having voting power shall be entitled at each meeting of the stockholders to one vote for every share of such stock standing in the stockholder’s name on the record of stockholders of the Corporation:

(a) on the date fixed pursuant to the provisions of Section 5 of Article VII of these By-laws as the record date for the determination of the stockholders who shall be entitled to vote at such meeting, or

 

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(b) if such record date shall not have been so fixed, then at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice of such meeting shall have been given, or

(c) if such record date shall not have been so fixed and if no notice of such meeting shall have been given, then at the time of the call to order of such meeting.

Any vote on stock of the Corporation at any meeting of the stockholders may be given by the stockholder of record entitled thereto in person or by proxy appointed by such stockholder or by the stockholder’s attorney thereunto duly authorized and delivered or transmitted to the secretary of such meeting at or prior to the time designated in the order of business for turning in proxies. At all meetings of the stockholders at which a quorum shall be present, all matters (except where otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws) shall be decided by the vote of a majority in voting interest of the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote thereat. Unless required by law, or determined by the chairman of the meeting to be advisable, the vote on any question need not be by ballot. On a vote by ballot, each ballot shall be signed by the stockholder voting, or by the stockholder’s proxy as such, if there be such proxy.

SECTION 9.  List of Stockholders.  A list, certified by the Secretary, of the stockholders of the Corporation entitled to vote shall be produced at any meeting of the stockholders upon the request of any stockholder of the Corporation pursuant to the provisions of applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws.

SECTION 10.   Inspectors of Election.   Prior to the holding of each annual or special meeting of the stockholders, two inspectors of election to serve thereat shall be appointed by the Board, or, if the Board shall not have made such appointment, by the Chairman of the Board. If there shall be a failure to appoint inspectors, or if, at any such meeting, any inspector so appointed shall be absent or shall fail to act or the office shall become vacant, the chairman of the meeting may, and at the request of a stockholder present in person and entitled to vote at such meeting shall, appoint such inspector or inspectors of election, as the case may be, to act thereat. The inspectors of election so appointed to act at any meeting of the stockholders, before entering upon the discharge of their duties, shall be sworn faithfully to execute the duties of inspectors at such meeting, with strict impartiality and according to the best of their ability, and the oath so taken shall be subscribed by them. Such inspectors of election shall take charge of the polls, and, after the voting on any question, shall make a certificate of the results of the vote taken. No director or candidate for the office of director shall act as an inspector of an election of directors. Inspectors need not be stockholders.

 

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ARTICLE III

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

SECTION 1.  General Powers.  The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by the Board. The Board may exercise all such authority and powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

SECTION 2.  Number; Qualifications; Election; Term of Office.  The number of directors of the Corporation shall be twelve, but the number thereof may be increased to not more than twenty-five, or decreased to not less than nine, by amendment of these By-laws. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders. At each meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, the persons receiving a plurality of the votes at such election shall be elected. Each director shall hold office until the annual meeting of the stockholders which shall be held next after the election of such director and until a successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, or until death, or until the director shall have resigned as hereinafter provided in Section 10 of this Article III.

SECTION 3.  Place of Meetings.  Meetings of the Board shall be held at such place either within or outside State of New York as may from time to time be fixed by the Board or specified or fixed in the notice of any such meeting.

SECTION 4.  First Meeting.  The Board shall meet for the purpose of organization, the election of officers and the transaction of other business, on the same day the annual meeting of stockholders is held. Notice of such meeting need not be given. Such meeting may be held at any other time or place which shall be specified in a notice thereof given as hereinafter provided in Section 7 of this Article III.

SECTION 5.  Regular Meetings.  Regular meetings of the Board shall be held at times and dates fixed by the Board or at such other times and dates as the Chairman of the Board shall determine and as shall be specified in the notice of such meetings. Notice of regular meetings of the Board need not be given except as otherwise required by law or these By-laws.

SECTION 6.  Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the Board may be called by the Chairman of the Board.

SECTION 7.  Notice of Meetings.  Notice of each special meeting of the Board (and of each regular meeting for which notice shall be required) shall be given by the Secretary as hereinafter provided in this Section 7, in which notice shall be stated the time, place and, if required by law or these By-laws, the purposes of such meeting. Notice of each such meeting shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to each director, by first-class mail, at least four days before the day on which such meeting is to be held, or shall be sent by facsimile transmission or comparable medium, or be delivered personally or by telephone, at least twenty-four hours before the time at which such

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meeting is to be held. Notice of any such meeting need not be given to any director who shall waive notice thereof as provided in Article IX of these By-laws. Any meeting of the Board shall be a legal meeting without notice thereof having been given, if all the directors of the Corporation then holding office shall be present thereat.

SECTION 8.  Quorum and Manner of Acting.  A majority of the Board shall be present in person at any meeting of the Board in order to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at such meeting. Participation in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment allowing all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other shall constitute presence in person at a meeting. Except as otherwise expressly required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation and except also as specified in Section 1, Section 5, and Section 6 of Article IV, in Section 3 of Article V and in Article XII of these By-laws, the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board. In the absence of a quorum at any meeting of the Board, a majority of the directors present thereat may adjourn such meeting from time to time until a quorum shall be present thereat. Notice of any adjourned meeting need not be given. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. The directors shall act only as a Board and the individual directors shall have no power as such.

SECTION  9.   Organization.   At each meeting of the Board, the Chairman of the Board, or in the case of the Chairman’s absence therefrom, the President, or in the case of the President’s absence therefrom, a Vice Chairman, or in the case of the absence of all such persons, another director chosen by a majority of directors present, shall act as chairman of the meeting and preside thereat. The Secretary, or if the Secretary shall be absent from such meeting, any person appointed by the chairman, shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof.

SECTION 10.  Resignations.  Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice of resignation to the Board or the Chairman of the Board or the Secretary. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein, or if the time when it shall become effective shall not be specified therein, then it shall take effect immediately upon its receipt; and unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

SECTION 11.  Vacancies.  Any vacancy in the Board, whether arising from death, resignation, an increase in the number of directors or any other cause, may be filled by the Board.

SECTION 12.  Retirement of Directors. The Board may prescribe a retirement policy for directors on or after reaching a certain age, provided, however, that such

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retirement shall not cut short the annual term for which any director shall have been elected by the stockholders.

ARTICLE IV

EXECUTIVE AND OTHER COMMITTEES

SECTION 1.  Executive Committee.  The Board, by resolution adopted by a majority of the Board, may designate not less than four of the directors then in office to constitute an Executive Committee, each member of which unless otherwise determined by resolution adopted by a majority of the whole Board, shall continue to be a member of such Committee until the annual meeting of the stockholders which shall be held next after designation as a member of such Committee or until the earlier termination as a director. The Chief Executive Officer shall always be designated as a member of the Executive Committee. The Board may by resolution appoint one member as the Chairman of the Executive Committee who shall preside at all meetings of such Committee. In the absence of said Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside at all such meetings. In the absence of both the Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman of the Board shall preside at all such meetings. In the absence of the Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Chief Executive Officer and the Chairman of the Board, the President shall preside at all such meetings. In the absence of all such persons, a majority of the members of the Executive Committee present shall choose a chairman to preside at such meetings. The Secretary, or if the Secretary shall be absent from such meeting, any person appointed by the chairman, shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof.

SECTION 2.  Powers of the Executive Committee.  To the extent permitted by law, the Executive Committee may exercise all the powers of the Board in the management of specified matters where such authority is delegated to it by the Board, and also, to the extent permitted by law, the Executive Committee shall have, and may exercise, all the powers of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation (including the power to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but excluding the power to appoint a member of the Executive Committee) in such manner as the Executive Committee shall deem to be in the best interests of the Corporation and not inconsistent with any prior specific action of the Board. An act of the Executive Committee taken within the scope of its authority shall be an act of the Board. The Executive Committee shall render in the form of minutes a report of its several acts at each regular meeting of the Board and at any other time when so directed by the Board.

SECTION 3.  Meetings of the Executive Committee.  Regular meetings of the Executive Committee shall be held at such times, on such dates and at such places as shall be fixed by resolution adopted by a majority of the Executive Committee,

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of which regular meetings notice need not be given, or as shall be fixed by the Chairman of the Executive Committee or in the absence of the Chairman of the Executive Committee the Chief Executive Officer and specified in the notice of such meeting. Special meetings of the Executive Committee may be called by the Chairman of the Executive Committee or by the Chief Executive Officer. Notice of each such special meeting of the Executive Committee (and of each regular meeting for which notice shall be required), stating the time and place thereof shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to each member of the Executive Committee, by first-class mail, at least four days before the day on which such meeting is to be held, or shall be sent by facsimile transmission or comparable medium, or be delivered personally or by telephone, at least twenty-four hours before the time at which such meeting is to be held; but notice need not be given to a member of the Executive Committee who shall waive notice thereof as provided in Article IX of these By-laws, and any meeting of the Executive Committee shall be a legal meeting without any notice thereof having been given, if all the members of such Committee shall be present thereat.

SECTION 4.  Quorum and Manner of Acting of the Executive Committee.  Four members of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of the members of the Executive Committee present at a meeting at which a quorum shall be present shall be the act of the Executive Committee. Participating in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment allowing all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other shall constitute presence at a meeting of the Executive Committee. The members of the Executive Committee shall act only as a committee and individual members shall have no power as such.

SECTION 5.  Other Committees.  The Board may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the Board, designate members of the Board to constitute other committees, which shall have, and may exercise, such powers as the Board may by resolution delegate to them, and shall in each case consist of such number of directors as the Board may determine; provided, however, that each such committee shall have at least three directors as members thereof. Such a committee may either be constituted for a specified term or may be constituted as a standing committee which does not require annual or periodic reconstitution. A majority of all the members of any such committee may determine its action and its quorum requirements and may fix the time and place of its meetings, unless the Board shall otherwise provide. Participating in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment allowing all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other shall constitute presence at a meeting of such other committees.

In addition to the foregoing, the Board may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the Board, create a committee of indeterminate membership and duration and not subject to the limitations as to the membership, quorum and manner of meeting and acting prescribed in these By-laws, which committee, in the event of a major disaster or catastrophe or national emergency which renders the Board

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incapable of action by reason of the death, physical incapacity or inability to meet of some or all of its members, shall have, and may exercise all the powers of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation (including, without limitation, the power to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it and the power to fill vacancies in the Board). An act of such committee taken within the scope of its authority shall be an act of the Board.

SECTION 6.  Changes in Committees; Resignations; Removals; Vacancies.  The Board shall have power, by resolution adopted by a majority of the Board, at any time to change or remove the members of, to fill vacancies in, and to discharge any committee created pursuant to these By-laws, either with or without cause. Any member of any such committee may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board or the Chairman of the Board or the Secretary. Such resignation shall take effect upon receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein; and, unless otherwise specified therein, acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any vacancy in any committee, whether arising from death, resignation, an increase in the number of committee members or any other cause, shall be filled by the Board in the manner prescribed in these By-laws for the original appointment of the members of such committee.

ARTICLE V

OFFICERS

SECTION 1.  Number and Qualifications. The officers of the Corporation shall include the Chairman of the Board, and may include one or more Vice Chairmen of the Board, the President, one or more Vice Presidents (one or more of whom may be designated as Executive Vice Presidents or as Senior Vice Presidents or by other designations), the Treasurer, the Secretary and the Controller.  Officers shall be elected from time to time by the Board, each to hold office until a successor shall have been duly elected and shall have qualified, or until death, or until resignation as hereinafter provided in Section 2 of this Article V, or until removed as hereinafter provided in Section 3 of this Article V.

  SECTION  2.   Resignations.   Any officer of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice of resignation to the Board, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein, or, if the time when it shall become effective shall not be specified therein, then it shall become effective upon its receipt; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

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SECTION  3.  Removal.  Any officer of the Corporation may be removed, either with or without cause, at any time, by a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board at any meeting of the Board.

SECTION  4.  Vacancies.  A vacancy in any office, whether arising from death, resignation, removal or any other cause, may be filled for the unexpired portion of the term of office which shall be vacant, in the manner prescribed in these By-laws for the regular election or appointment to such office.

SECTION  5.  Chairman of the Board.  The Chairman of the Board shall, if present, preside at each meeting of the stockholders and of the Board and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned by the Board. The Chairman may sign certificates representing shares of the stock of the Corporation pursuant to the provisions of Section 1 of Article    VII of these By-laws; sign, execute and deliver in the name of the Corporation all deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts or other instruments authorized by the Board, except in cases where the signing, execution or delivery thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board or these By- laws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or where they shall be required by law otherwise to be signed, executed and delivered; and affix the seal of the Corporation to any instrument which shall require it. The Chairman of the Board, when there is no President or in the absence or incapacity of the President, shall perform all the duties and functions and exercise all the powers of the President.

SECTION 6.  Vice Chairman of the Board. Each Vice Chairman of the Board shall assist the Chairman of the Board and have such other duties as may be assigned by the Board or the Chairman of the Board. The Vice Chairman may sign certificates representing shares of the stock of the Corporation pursuant to the provisions of Section 1 of Article VII of these By-laws; sign, execute and deliver in the name of the Corporation all deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts or other instruments authorized by the Board, except in cases where the signing, execution or delivery thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board or these By-laws to some officer or agent of the Corporation or where they shall be required by law otherwise to be signed, executed and delivered; and affix the seal of the Corporation to any instrument which shall require it.

SECTION  7.  President.  The President shall perform all such duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board or the Chairman of the Board. The President may sign certificates representing shares of the stock of the Corporation pursuant to the provisions of Section 1 of Article VII of these By-laws; sign, execute and deliver in the name of the Corporation all deeds mortgages, bonds, contracts or other instruments authorized by the Board, except in cases where the signing, execution or delivery thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board or these By-laws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or where they shall be required by law otherwise to be signed, executed and delivered, and affix the seal of the Corporation to any instrument which shall require it; and, in general, perform all duties incident to the office of President. The President shall in the absence or incapacity of the Chairman of the Board, perform all the duties and functions and exercise all the powers of the Chairman of the Board.

 

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SECTION  8.   Designated Officers.   (a)  Chief Executive Officer.  Either the Chairman of the Board, or the President, as the Board of Directors may designate, shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation. The officer so designated shall have, in addition to the powers and duties applicable to the office set forth in Section 5 or 7 of this Article V, general and active supervision over the business and affairs of the Corporation and over its several officers, agents, and employees, subject, however, to the control of the Board. The Chief Executive Officer shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board are carried into effect, be an ex officio member of all committees of the Board (except the Audit Committee, the Directors and Corporate Governance Committee, and committees specifically empowered to fix or approve the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation or to grant or administer bonus, option or other similar plans in which the Chief Executive Officer is eligible to participate), and, in general, shall perform all duties incident to the position of Chief Executive Officer and such other duties as may from time to time be assigned by the Board.    (b) Other Designated Officers.  The Board of Directors may designate officers to serve as Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer and other such designated positions and to fulfill the responsibilities of such designated positions in addition to their duties as officers as set forth in this Article V.

SECTION 9.  Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents and Vice Presidents. Each Executive and Senior Vice President shall perform all such duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board or the Chairman of the Board or a Vice Chairman of the Board or the President. Each Vice President shall perform all such duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board or the Chairman of the Board or a Vice Chairman of the Board or the President or an Executive or a Senior Vice President. Any Vice President may sign certificates representing shares of stock of the Corporation pursuant to the provisions of Section 1 of Article VII of these By-laws.

SECTION 10.  Treasurer.  The Treasurer shall:

(a) have charge and custody of, and be responsible for, all the funds and securities of the Corporation, and may invest the same in any securities, may open, maintain and close accounts for effecting any and all purchase, sale, investment and lending transactions in securities of any and all kinds for and on behalf of the Corporation or any employee pension or benefit plan fund or other fund established by the Corporation, as may be permitted by law;

(b) keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation;

 

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(c) deposit all moneys and other valuables to the credit of the Corporation in such depositaries as may be designated by the Board or the Executive Committee;

(d) receive, and give receipts for, moneys due and payable to the Corporation from any source whatsoever;

(e) disburse the funds of the Corporation and supervise the investment of its funds, taking proper vouchers therefor;

(f) render to the Board, whenever the Board may require, an account of all transactions as Treasurer; and

(g) in general, perform all the duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board or the Chairman of the Board or a Vice Chairman of the Board or the President or an Executive or Senior Vice President.

SECTION 11.  Secretary.  The Secretary shall:

(a) keep or cause to be kept in one or more books provided for the purpose, the minutes of all meetings of the Board, the Executive Committee and other committees of the Board and the stockholders;

(b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these By-laws and as required by law;

(c) be custodian of the records and the seal of the Corporation and affix and attest the seal to all stock certificates of the Corporation and affix and attest the seal to all other documents to be executed on behalf of the Corporation under its seal;

(d) see that the books, reports, statements, certificates and other documents and records required by law to be kept and filed are properly kept and filed; and

(e) in general, perform all the duties incident to the office of Secretary and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board or the Chairman of the Board or a Vice Chairman of the Board or the President or an Executive or Senior Vice President.

 

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SECTION  12.  Controller.  The Controller shall:

(a) have control of all the books of account of the Corporation;

(b) keep a true and accurate record of all property owned by it, of its debts and of its revenues and expenses;

(c) keep all accounting records of the Corporation (other than the accounts of receipts and disbursements and those relating to the deposits of money and other valuables of the Corporation, which shall be kept by the Treasurer);

(d) render to the Board, whenever the Board may require, an account of the financial condition of the Corporation; and

(e) in general, perform all the duties incident to the office of Controller and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board or the Chairman of the Board or a Vice Chairman of the Board or the President or an Executive or Senior Vice President.

SECTION 13.  Compensation.  The compensation of the officers of the Corporation shall be fixed from time to time by the Board; provided, however, that the Board may delegate to a committee the power to fix or approve the compensation of any officers. An officer of the Corporation shall not be prevented from receiving compensation by reason of being also a director of the Corporation; but any such officer who shall also be a director shall not have any vote in the determination of the amount of compensation paid to such officer.

ARTICLE VI

CONTRACTS, CHECKS, DRAFTS, BANK ACCOUNTS, ETC.

SECTION 1.  Execution of Contracts.  Except as otherwise required by law or these By-laws, any contract or other instrument may be executed and delivered in the name and on behalf of the Corporation by any officer (including any assistant officer) of the Corporation. The Board or the Executive Committee may authorize any agent or employee to execute and deliver any contract or other instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances as the Board or such Committee, as the case may be, may by resolution determine.

SECTION 2.  Loans.  Unless the Board shall otherwise determine, the Chairman of the Board or a Vice Chairman of the Board or the President or any Vice President, acting together with the Treasurer or the Secretary, may effect loans and advances at any time for the Corporation from any bank, trust company or other

 

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institution, or from any firm, corporation or individual, and for such loans and advances may make, execute and deliver promissory notes, bonds or other certificates or evidences of indebtedness of the Corporation, but in making such loans or advances no officer or officers shall mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or transfer any securities or other property of the Corporation, except when authorized by resolution adopted by the Board.

SECTION 3.  Checks, Drafts, etc.  All checks, drafts, bills of exchange or other orders for the payment of money out of the funds of the Corporation, and all notes or other evidences of indebtedness of the Corporation, shall be signed in the name and on behalf of the Corporation by such persons and in such manner as shall from time to time be authorized by the Board or the Executive Committee or authorized by the Treasurer  acting together with either the General Manager of an operating unit or a nonfinancial Vice President of the Corporation, which authorization may be general or confined to specific instances.

SECTION 4.  Deposits.  All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositaries as the Board or the Executive Committee may from time to time designate or as may be designated by any officer or officers of the Corporation to whom such power of designation may from time to time be delegated by the Board or the Executive Committee. For the purpose of deposit and for the purpose of collection for the account of the Corporation, checks, drafts and other orders for the payment of money which are payable to the order of the Corporation may be endorsed, assigned and delivered by any officer, employee or agent of the Corporation.

SECTION 5.  General and Special Bank Accounts.  The Board or the Executive Committee may from time to time authorize the opening and keeping of general and special bank accounts with such banks, trust companies or other depositaries as the Board or the Executive Committee may designate or as may be designated by any officer or officers of the Corporation to whom such power of designation may from time to time be delegated by the Board or the Executive Committee. The Board or the Executive Committee may make such special rules and regulations with respect to such bank accounts, not inconsistent with the provisions of these By-laws, as it may deem expedient.

SECTION 6.  Indemnification.  The Corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as in effect at any time, indemnify any person made, or threatened to be made, a party to an action or proceeding whether civil or criminal (including an action or proceeding by or in the right of the Corporation or any other corporation of any type or kind, domestic or foreign, or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, for which any director or officer of the Corporation served in any capacity at the request of the Corporation), by reason of the fact that such person or such person’s testator or intestate was a director or officer of the Corporation, or served such other corporation, partnership, joint

 

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venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise in any capacity, against judgments, fines, amounts paid in settlement and reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ fees actually and necessarily incurred as a result of such action or proceeding, or any appeal therein. Such indemnification shall be a contract right and shall include the right to be paid advances of any expenses incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, consistent with the provisions of applicable law in effect at any time. Indemnification shall be deemed to be ‘permitted’ within the meaning of the first sentence hereof if it is not expressly prohibited by applicable law as in effect at the time.

ARTICLE VII

SHARES

SECTION 1.  Stock Certificates.  The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, or shall be uncertificated shares.  Each owner of stock of the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate, in such form as shall be approved by the Board, certifying the number of shares of stock of the Corporation owned.  To the extent that shares are represented by certificates, such certificates of stock shall be signed in the name of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board or a Vice Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice President and by the Secretary and sealed with the seal of the Corporation (which seal may be a facsimile, engraved or printed); provided, however, that where any such certificate is signed by a registrar, other than the Corporation or its employee, the signatures of the Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the President, the Secretary, and transfer agent or a transfer clerk acting on behalf of the Corporation upon such certificates may be facsimiles, engraved or printed. In case any officer, transfer agent or transfer clerk acting on behalf of the Corporation ceases to be such officer, transfer agent, or transfer clerk before such certificates shall be issued, they may nevertheless be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if they were still such officer, transfer agent or transfer clerk at the date of their issue.

SECTION 2.  Books of Account and Record of Stockholders.  There shall be kept at the office of the Corporation correct books of account of all its business and transactions, minutes of the proceedings of stockholders, Board, and Executive Committee, and a book to be known as the record of stockholders, containing the names and addresses of all persons who are stockholders, the number of shares of stock held, and the date when the stockholder became the owner of record thereof.

SECTION 3.  Transfers of Stock.  Transfers of shares of stock of the Corporation shall be made on the record of stockholders of the Corporation only upon authorization by the registered holder thereof, or by an attorney thereunto authorized by power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary or with a transfer agent or transfer clerk, and on surrender of the certificate or certificates for such shares properly endorsed, provided such shares are represented by a certificate, or accompanied by a duly executed stock transfer power and the payment of all taxes thereon.  The person in whose names shares of stock shall stand on the

 

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record of stockholders of the Corporation shall be deemed the owner thereof for all purposes as regards the Corporation. Whenever any transfers of shares shall be made for collateral security and not absolutely and written notice thereof shall be given to the Secretary or to such transfer agent or transfer clerk, such fact shall be stated in the entry of the transfer.

SECTION 4.  Regulations.  The Board may make such additional rules and regulations as it may deem expedient, not inconsistent with these By-laws, concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificated or uncertificated shares of stock of the Corporation.  It may appoint, or authorize any officer or officers to appoint, one or more transfer agents or one or more transfer clerks and one or more registrars and may require all certificates of stock to bear the signature or signatures of any of them.

SECTION 5.  Fixing of Record Date.  The Board shall fix a time not exceeding sixty nor less than ten days prior to the date then fixed for the holding of any meeting of the stockholders or prior to the last day on which the consent or dissent of the stockholders may be effectively expressed for any purpose without a meeting, as the time as of which the stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting or whose consent or dissent is required or may be expressed for any purpose, as the case may be, shall be determined, and all persons who were holders of record of voting stock at such time, and no others, shall be entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting or to express their consent or dissent, as the case may be.  The Board may fix a time not exceeding sixty days preceding the date fixed for the payment of any dividend or the making of any distribution or the allotment of rights to subscribe for securities of the Corporation, or for the delivery of evidences of rights or evidences of interests arising out of any change, conversion or exchange of capital stock or other securities, as the record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to receive any such dividend, distribution, allotment, rights or interests, and in such case only the stockholders of record at the time so fixed shall be entitled to receive such dividend, distribution, allotment, rights or interests.

SECTION 6.  Lost, Destroyed or Mutilated Certificates.  The holder of any certificate representing shares of stock of the Corporation shall immediately notify the Corporation of any loss, destruction or mutilation of such certificate, and the Corporation may issue a new certificate of stock in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by it which the owner thereof shall allege to have been lost or destroyed or which shall have been mutilated, and the Corporation may, in its discretion, require such owner or the owner’s legal representatives to give to the Corporation a bond in such sum, limited or unlimited, and in such form and with such surety or sureties as the Board in its absolute discretion shall determine, to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss or destruction of any such certificate, or the issuance of such new certificate. Anything to the contrary notwithstanding, the Corporation, in its absolute discretion, may refuse to issue any such new certificate, except pursuant to legal proceedings under the laws of the State of New York.

 

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SECTION 7.  Inspection of Records.  The record of stockholders and minutes of the proceedings of stockholders shall be available for inspection, within the limits and subject to the conditions and restrictions prescribed by applicable law.

SECTION 8.  Auditors.  The Board shall employ an independent public or certified public accountant or firm of such accountants who shall act as auditors in making examinations of the consolidated financial statements of the Corporation and its subsidiaries in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. The auditors shall certify that the annual financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and shall report on such financial statements to the stockholders and directors of the Corporation. The Board’s selection of auditors shall be presented for ratification by the stockholders at the annual meeting. Directors and officers, when acting in good faith, may rely upon financial statements of the Corporation represented to them to be correct by the officer of the Corporation having charge of its books of account, or stated in a written report by the auditors fairly to reflect the financial condition of the Corporation.

ARTICLE VIII

OFFICES

SECTION 1.  Principal Office.  The principal office of the Corporation shall be at such place in the Town of North Castle, County of Westchester and State of New York as the Board shall from time to time determine.

SECTION 2.  Other Offices.  The Corporation may also have an office or offices other than said principal office at such place or places as the Board shall from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

ARTICLE IX

WAIVER OF NOTICE

Whenever under the provisions of any law of the State of New York, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws or any resolution of the Board or any committee thereof, the Corporation or the Board or any committee thereof is authorized to take any action after notice to the stockholders, directors or members of any such committee, or after the lapse of a prescribed period of time, such action may be taken without notice and without the lapse of any period of time, if, at any time before or after such action shall be completed, such notice or lapse of time shall be waived by the person or persons entitled to said notice or entitled to participate in

 

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the action to be taken, or, in the case of a stockholder, by an attorney thereunto authorized. Attendance at a meeting requiring notice by any person or, in the case of a stockholder, by the stockholder’s attorney, agent or proxy, shall constitute a waiver of such notice on the part of the person so attending, or by such stockholder, as the case may be.

ARTICLE X

FISCAL YEAR

The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on the thirty-first day of December in each year.

ARTICLE XI

SEAL

The Seal of the Corporation shall consist of two concentric circles with the IBM logotype appearing in bold face type within the inner circle and the words ‘International Business Machines Corporation’ appearing within the outer circle.

ARTICLE XII

AMENDMENTS

These By-laws may be amended or repealed or new By-laws may be adopted by the stockholders at any annual or special meeting, if the notice thereof mentions that amendment or repeal or the adoption of new By-laws is one of the purposes of such meeting. These By-laws, subject to the laws of the State of New York, may also be amended or repealed or new By-laws may be adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board given at any meeting, if the notice thereof mentions that amendment or repeal or the adoption of new By-laws is one of the purposes of such meeting.

 

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EXHIBIT 3.2

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

of

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

As Restated and Filed May 27, 1992

And

As Amended through April 27, 2007

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS		Page
Article One
Name		1
Article Two
Purposes & Powers		1
Article Three
Capital		1
Article Four
Shares		1
Article Five
Office		2
Article Six
Directors		2
Article Seven
Committees, Account Books, Dividends, Qualification of Directors, Payment of Directors		2
Article Eight
Contracts, Ratification		3
Article Nine
Agent for Service		4
Article Ten
Preemptive Rights		4
Article Eleven
Liability of Directors		4
Article Twelve
Majority Vote for Certain Extraordinary Transactions		4

 

 

Certificate of Incorporation

of

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

ONE :    The name of the corporation (hereinafter called “the Corporation”) is International Business Machines Corporation.

TWO :     The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized and to exercise powers granted under the Business Corporation Law of the State of New York, provided that the Corporation shall not engage in any act or activity requiring the consent or approval of any state official, department, board, agency, or other body without such consent or approval first being obtained.

THREE :  The aggregate number of shares that the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 4,837,500,000 shares, consisting of 4,687,500,000 shares of the par value of $0.20 per share, which shall be designated “capital stock,” and 150,000,000 shares of the par value of $.01 per share, which shall be designated “preferred stock.”

FOUR :    (1) Subject to the provisions of the By-laws, as from time to time amended, with respect to the closing of the transfer books and the fixing of a record date, each share of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be entitled to one vote on all matters requiring a vote of the stockholders and, subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding shares of preferred stock issued under this Article FOUR, shall be entitled to receive such dividends, in cash, securities, or property, as may from time to time be declared by the Board of Directors.  In the event of any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Corporation, either voluntary or involuntary, after payment shall have been made to the holders of preferred stock of the full amount to which they shall be entitled under this Article FOUR, the holders of capital stock shall be entitled, to the exclusion of the holders of the preferred stock of any series, to share ratably, according to the number of shares held by them, in all remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution.

(2) The Board of Directors is authorized, at any time or from time to time, to issue preferred stock and (i) to divide the shares of preferred stock into series; (ii) to determine the designation for any such series by number, letter, or title that shall distinguish such series from any other series of preferred stock; (iii) to determine the number of shares in any such series (including a determination that such series shall consist of a single share); and (iv) to determine with respect to the shares of any series of preferred stock:

(a) whether the holders thereof shall be entitled to cumulative, noncumulative, or partially cumulative dividends and, with respect to shares entitled to dividends, the dividend rate or rates, including without limitation the methods and procedures for determining such rate or rates, and any other terms and conditions relating to such dividends;

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(b) whether, and if so to what extent and upon what terms and conditions, the holders thereof shall be entitled to rights upon the liquidation of, or upon any distribution of the assets of, the Corporation;

(c) whether, and if so upon what terms and conditions, such shares shall be convertible into, or exchangeable for, other securities or property;

(d) whether, and if so upon what terms and conditions, such shares shall be redeemable;

(e) whether the shares shall be subject to any sinking fund provided for the purchase or redemption of such shares and, if so, the terms of such fund;

(f) whether the holders thereof shall be entitled to voting rights and, if so, the terms and conditions for the exercise thereof, provided that the holders of shares of preferred stock (i) will not be entitled to more than the lesser of (x) one vote per $100 of liquidation value or (y) one vote per share, when voting as a class with the holders of shares of capital stock, and (ii) will not be entitled to vote on any matter separately as a class, except, to the extent specified with respect to each series, (x) with respect to any amendment or alteration of the provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation that would adversely affect the powers, preferences, or special rights of the applicable series of preferred stock or (y) in the event the Corporation fails to pay dividends on any series of preferred stock in full for any six quarterly dividend payment periods, whether or not consecutive, in which event the number of directors may be increased by two and the holders of outstanding shares of preferred stock then similarly entitled shall be entitled to elect the two additional directors until full accumulated dividends on all such shares of preferred stock shall have been paid; and

(g) whether the holders thereof shall be entitled to other preferences or rights and, if so, the qualifications, limitations, or restrictions of such preferences or rights.

FIVE :      The town and county within the State of New York in which the office of the Corporation is to be located is the Town of North Castle, County of Westchester.

SIX :                        The number of directors of the Corporation shall be provided in its By- laws, but not less than 9 nor more than 25.

SEVEN :  The Board of Directors may designate from their number an executive committee and one or more other committees, each of which shall consist of three or more directors.  All such committees, in the intervals between meetings of the Board of Directors and to the extent provided in the By-laws or the resolution of the Board of Directors establishing such a committee, shall have all the authority and may exercise all the powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation to the extent lawful under the Business Corporation Law of the State of New York.

The Board of Directors shall from time to time decide whether and to what extent and at what times and under what conditions and requirements the accounts and books of the Corporation, or any of them, except the stock book, shall be open to the inspection of the stockholders, and no stockholder shall have any right to

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inspect any books or documents of the Corporation except as conferred by statute of the State of New York or authorized by the Board of Directors.

The Board of Directors may from time to time fix, determine, and vary the amount of the working capital of the Corporation; may determine what part, if any, of surplus shall be declared in dividends and paid to the stockholders; may determine the time or times for the declaration and payment of dividends, the amount thereof, and whether they are to be in cash, securities, or properties; may direct and determine the use and disposition of any surplus or net profits over and above the capital, and in its discretion may use or apply any such surplus or accumulated profits in the purchase or acquisition of bonds or other pecuniary obligations of the Corporation to such extent, and in such manner and upon such terms as the Board of Directors may deem expedient.

Directors shall be stockholders, subject to the power of the Board of Directors from time to time to prescribe a reasonable time after qualification within which newly elected directors must become stockholders.

Each director, in consideration of serving as such, shall be entitled to receive from the Corporation such amount per annum or such fees for attendance at meetings of the stockholders or of the Board of Directors or of committees of the Board of Directors, or both, as the Board of Directors shall from time to time determine, together with reimbursement for the reasonable expenses incurred in connection with the performance of duties.  Nothing herein contained shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation or its subsidiaries in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

EIGHT :  In the absence of fraud, any director of the Corporation individually, or any firm or association of which any director is a member, or any corporation of which any director is an officer, director, stockholder, or employee, or in which such director is pecuniarily or otherwise interested, may be a party to, or may be pecuniarily or otherwise interested in, any contract, transaction, or act of the Corporation, and

(1) Such contract, transaction, or act shall not be in any way invalidated or otherwise affected by that fact,

(2) Any such director of the Corporation may be counted in determining the existence of a quorum at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof that shall authorize any such contract, transaction, or act, but may not vote thereon, and

(3) No director of the Corporation shall be liable to account to the Corporation for any profit realized by such director from or through any such contract, transaction, or act; provided, however, that if any such director of the Corporation is so interested either individually or as a member of a firm or association, or as the holder of a majority of the stock of any class of a corporation, the contract, transaction, or act shall be duly authorized or ratified by a majority of the Board of Directors who are not so interested and who know of such director’s interest therein.

To the extent permitted by law, any contract, transaction, or act of the Corporation or of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof that shall be ratified, whether before or after judgment rendered in a suit with respect to such

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contract, transaction, or act, by the holders of a majority of the stock of the Corporation having voting power at any annual meeting or at any special meeting called for such purpose, shall be as valid and as binding as though ratified by every stockholder of the Corporation and shall constitute a complete bar to any such suit or to any claim of execution in respect of any such judgment; provided, however, that any failure of the stockholders to approve or ratify such contract, transaction, or act, when and if submitted, shall not be deemed in any way to invalidate the same or to deprive the Corporation, its directors, officers, or employees of its or their right to proceed with such contract, transaction, or act.

NINE :     The Secretary of State of the State of New York is designated as the agent of the Corporation upon whom process in any action or proceeding against it may be served, and the address within the State to which the Secretary of State shall mail a copy of process in any action or proceeding against the Corporation that may be served upon the Secretary of State is Armonk, New York 10504.

TEN:       The holders of shares of the Corporation shall have no preemptive or preferential right to subscribe for or purchase any shares of the Corporation or any rights or options to purchase shares of the Corporation or any shares or other securities convertible into or carrying rights or options to purchase shares of the Corporation.

ELEVEN :               Pursuant to Section 402(b) of the Business Corporation Law of the State of New York, the liability of the Corporation’s directors to the Corporation or its stockholders for damages for breach of duty as a director shall be eliminated to the fullest extent permitted by the Business Corporation Law of the State of New York, as it exists on the date hereof or as it may hereafter be amended.  No amendment to or repeal of this Article shall apply to or have any effect on the liability or alleged liability of any director of the Corporation for or with respect to any acts or omissions of such director occurring prior to such amendment or repeal.

TWELVE :    At a meeting of stockholders, following all requisite approvals under the Business Corporation Law of the State of New York (BCL), the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes of all outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon shall be required to take any of the following actions:

a.  to adopt a plan of merger or consolidation in accordance with Section 903 of the BCL or any successor provision thereto;

b.  to approve the sale, lease, exchange or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation in accordance with Section 909 of the BCL or any successor provision thereto;

c.  to adopt a plan for the exchange of shares in accordance with Section 913 of the BCL or any successor provision thereto; and

d.  to authorize the dissolution of the Corporation in accordance with Section 1001 of the BCL or any successor provision thereto.

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