Exhibit 3.1

certificates.  Such written statement shall include (i) the name of the Corporation and that it is formed under the laws of the State of Michigan, (ii) the name of the person to whom the shares are issued, (iii) the number and class of shares and the designation of the series, if any, (iv) that the holder of the shares is entitled to have a certificate upon written request made to the Secretary of the Corporation, and (v) any other information required by law.

2.4                                TRANSFER OF SHARES; SHAREHOLDER RECORDS .

(a)                                  Capital shares of the Corporation shall be transferable only upon the books of the Corporation.  Old certificates shall be surrendered to the Corporation by delivery to the person in charge of the transfer books of the Corporation, or to such other person as the Board of Directors may designate, properly endorsed for transfer and the old certificates shall be cancelled before a new certificate is issued.

(b)                                  The Corporation shall keep records containing the names and addresses of all shareholders, the number, class, and series of shares held by each, and the date when they respectively became holders of record thereof at its registered office.  The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the person in whose name any share, right, or option is registered as the owner thereof for all purposes, including voting and dividends, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim, regardless of any notice thereof, except as may be specifically required by the laws of the State of Michigan.

2.5                                RULES GOVERNING SHARE CERTIFICATES .  The Board of Directors shall have the power and authority to make such rules and regulations as they may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer, and registration of share certificates.

2.6                                DIVIDENDS .   The Board of Directors, in its discretion, may from time to time declare and direct payment of dividends or other distributions upon the Corporation’s outstanding shares out of funds legally available for such purposes which may be payable in cash or other property permitted by law.  In addition to the declaration of dividends or other distributions provided in the preceding paragraph of this Section 2.6, the Board of Directors, in its discretion, may from time to time declare and direct payment of a dividend in shares of this Corporation, upon its outstanding shares, in accordance with and subject to the provisions of the Michigan Business Corporation Act, as amended (the “ Act ”).

2.7                                TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR .   The Board of Directors may appoint a transfer agent and registrar of transfers, and may require all certificates of shares to bear the signature of the transfer agent and of the registrar of transfers, or as the Board of Directors may otherwise direct.

ARTICLE III
SHAREHOLDERS

3.1                                PLACE OF MEETINGS .  Meetings of shareholders shall be held at the registered office of the Corporation or at such other place, within or outside the State of Michigan, as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that if a

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shareholders meeting is to be held at a place other than the registered office, the notice of the meeting shall designate such place.

3.2                                ANNUAL MEETING .  An annual meeting of the shareholders shall be held on such date and time as is designated by the Board of Directors.  One of the purposes of this annual meeting shall be the election of directors.

3.3                                BUSINESS AT ANNUAL MEETINGS .

(a)                                  At an annual meeting of the shareholders of the Corporation, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting.  To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors.

(b)                                  For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder, if such business relates to the election of directors of the Corporation, the procedures in Article VII of the Corporation’s Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation must be complied with.  If such business relates to any other matter, the shareholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation.  To be timely, a shareholder’s notice must be delivered by mail or electronic transmission to the Secretary and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than one hundred twenty (120) days nor more than one hundred eighty (180) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of shareholders; provided however that in the event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within twenty (20) days before or after such anniversary date, such notice by the shareholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting is mailed, transmitted electronically, or public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting is made, whichever first occurs.

(c)                                   A shareholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter the shareholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (a) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting containing all material information relating thereto and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (b) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, of the shareholder proposing such business, (c) the number of shares of the Corporation which are owned by the shareholder, and (d) any material interest of the shareholder in such business. Notwithstanding anything in the Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at any annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 3.2.

(d)                                  The officer presiding over the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3.2, and if he or she should so determine, the presiding officer shall so declare to the meeting that any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.

(e)                                   Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.2, in order to include information with respect to a shareholder proposal in the proxy statement and form of

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proxy for a shareholders’ meeting, shareholders must provide notice as required by the regulations promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

3.4                                SPECIAL MEETINGS .  Special meetings of the shareholders may be called by resolution of a majority of the Board of Directors, by the Chairman of the Board, or by the President, and shall be held on a date fixed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the President.

3.5                                RECORD DATE AND NOTICE OF MEETINGS .

(a)                                  For the purpose of determining the shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders, or any adjournment thereof, or for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or the distribution or allotment of any rights or evidences of interests arising out of any change, conversion or exchange of capital stock, or for the purpose of any other action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a date as the record date for any such determination of shareholders.  Such date shall not be more than 60 days nor less than 10 days before the date of any such meeting, nor more than 60 days prior to the effective date of any other action proposed to be taken.  Only shareholders of record on a record date so fixed shall be entitled to notice of, and to vote at, such meeting or to receive payment of any dividend or the distribution or allotment of any rights or evidences of interests arising out of any change, conversion or exchange of capital stock.

(b)                                  If a record date is not fixed by the Board of Directors: (i) the record date for determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall be the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if no notice is given, the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held; and (ii) the record date for determining shareholders for any other purpose shall be the close of business on the day on which the resolution of the Board of Directors relating thereto is adopted.

(c)                                   Written notice of each meeting of shareholders, stating the time, place, if any, and purposes thereof, shall be given to each shareholder entitled to vote at the meeting not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date fixed for the meeting, either personally, by mail, or, if authorized by the Board of Directors, by a form of electronic transmission to which the shareholder has consented.  For the purposes of these Bylaws, “electronic transmission” means any form of communication that does not directly involve the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained and retrieved by the recipient and that may be reproduced in paper form by the recipient through an automated process.  Notice of a meeting need not be given to any shareholder who signs a waiver of notice before or after the meeting.

(d)                                  Attendance of a shareholder at a meeting shall constitute both (i) a waiver of notice or defective notice except when the shareholder attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to holding the meeting or transacting any business because the meeting has not been lawfully called or convened, and (ii) a waiver of objection to consideration of a particular matter at the meeting that is not within the purpose or purposes described in the meeting notice, except when the shareholder objects to considering the matter when it is presented.

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(e)                                   When a determination of shareholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders has been made as provided in this Article, the determination applies to any adjournment of the meeting, unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

3.6                                VOTING LISTS .  The Corporation’s officer or the agent having charge of its share transfer books shall prepare and certify a complete list of the shareholders entitled to vote at a shareholders meeting or any adjournment thereof, which list shall be arranged alphabetically within each class and series and shall show the address of, and number of shares held by, each shareholder.  The list shall be produced at the time and place of the shareholders meeting and be subject to inspection, but not copying, by any shareholder at any time during the meeting for the purpose of determining who is entitled to vote at the meeting.  If the meeting is held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall be open to the examination of any shareholder during the entire meeting by posting the list on a reasonably accessible electronic network and the information required to access the list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.  If for any reason the requirements with respect to the shareholder list specified in this Section 3.6 have not been complied with, any shareholder, either in person or by proxy, who in good faith challenges the existence of sufficient votes to carry any action at the meeting, may demand that the meeting be adjourned and the same shall be adjourned until the requirements are complied with; provided, however, that failure to comply with such requirements does not affect the validity of any action taken at the meeting before such demand is made.

3.7                                VOTING .  Except as may be otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation or the resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors creating any class of stock, each shareholder entitled to vote at a shareholders meeting, or to express consent or dissent without a meeting, shall be entitled to one vote, in person or by written proxy, for each share entitled to vote held by such shareholder; provided, however, that no proxy shall be voted after three years from its date unless the proxy provides for a longer period.  A vote may be cast either orally or in writing as announced or directed by the person presiding at the meeting prior to the taking of the vote.  When an action other than the election of directors is to be taken by vote of the shareholders, it shall be authorized by a majority of the votes cast by the holders of shares entitled to vote thereon, unless a greater plurality is required by the express provisions of the Act or the Articles of Incorporation.  Except as otherwise expressly required by the Articles of Incorporation, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at an election.  When any vote is taken by written ballot at any meeting of shareholders, an unrevoked proxy submitted in accordance with its terms shall be accepted in lieu of, and shall be deemed to constitute, a written ballot marked as specified in such proxy.

3.8                                QUORUM .

(a)                                  Unless a greater or lesser quorum is provided in the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws, or by law, the number of shares entitled to cast a majority of the votes at a meeting constitute a quorum at the meeting.

(b)                                  Except when the holders of a class or series of shares are entitled to vote separately on an item of business, shares of all classes and series entitled to vote shall be combined as a single class and series for the purpose of determining a quorum.  When the

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holders of a class or series of shares are entitled to vote separately on an item of business, shares of that class or series entitled to cast a majority of the votes of that class or series at a meeting constitute a quorum of that class or series at the meeting, unless a greater or lesser quorum is provided in the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws, or by law.

(c)                                   If there is no quorum, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present, when any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as first convened had there been a quorum.  However, if the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after the adjournment the Board of Directors fixes a new record date for the adjourned meeting, notice of the time, place, and purposes of such meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record on the new record date.

(d)                                  Once a quorum is determined to be present, the shareholders present in person or by proxy at any meeting may continue to do business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less than a quorum.  If a meeting is adjourned solely for the purpose of receiving the results of voting by shareholders, such meeting need not be reconvened, but shall stand adjourned pending submission of the results of voting to the Secretary of the Corporation, whereupon the meeting shall stand adjourned until the next regular or special meeting of shareholders.

3.9                                CONDUCT OF MEETINGS .  Meetings of shareholders generally shall follow accepted rules of parliamentary procedure, subject to the following:

(a)                                  The chairman of the meeting shall have absolute authority over matters of procedure, and there shall be no appeal from the ruling of the chairman.  If, in his or her absolute discretion, the chairman deems it advisable to dispense with the rules of parliamentary procedure as to any meeting of shareholders or part thereof, he or she shall so state and shall clearly state the rules under which the meeting or appropriate part thereof shall be conducted.

(b)                                  If disorder should arise which, in the absolute discretion of the chairman, prevents the continuation of the legitimate business of the meeting, the chairman may quit the chair and announce the adjournment of the meeting, and upon his or her so doing, the meeting shall be immediately adjourned without the necessity of any vote or further action of the shareholders.

(c)                                   The chairman may require any person who is not a bona fide shareholder of record on the record date or a validly appointed proxy of such a shareholder to leave the meeting.

(d)                                  The chairman may introduce nominations, resolutions or motions submitted by the Board of Directors for consideration by the shareholders without a motion or second.

(e)                                   When all shareholders present at a meeting in person or by proxy have been offered an opportunity to vote on any matter properly before a meeting, the chairman may declare the polls to be closed, and no further votes may be cast or changed after such declaration.

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If no such declaration is made by the chairman, the polls shall remain open and shareholders may cast additional votes or change votes until the inspectors of election have delivered their final report to the chairman.

(f)                                    When the chairman has declared the polls to be closed on all matters then before a meeting, the chairman may declare the meeting to be adjourned pending determination of the results by the inspectors of election.  In such event, the meeting shall be considered adjourned for all purposes, and the business of the meeting shall be finally concluded upon delivery of the final report of the inspectors of election to the chairman at or after the meeting.

(g)                                  When the chairman determines that no further matters may properly come before a meeting, he or she may declare the meeting to be adjourned, without motion, second, or vote of the shareholders.

(h)                                  When the chairman has declared a meeting to be adjourned, unless the chairman has declared the meeting to be adjourned until a later date, no further business may properly be considered at the meeting even though shareholders or holders of proxies representing a quorum may remain at the site of the meeting.

3.10                         INSPECTOR OF ELECTIONS .  The Board of Directors may, in advance of a shareholders meeting, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof.  In the event inspectors are not so appointed, or an appointed inspector fails to appear or act, the chairman of the meeting may appoint one or more persons to fill such vacancy or vacancies or to act as inspector.  The inspector(s) shall determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the validity and effect of proxies, and shall receive votes, ballots, or consents, hear and determine challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count, and tabulate votes, ballots, or consents, determine the results, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all shareholders.  If the right of any person to vote at the meeting is challenged, the inspectors of election shall determine the right.  The inspectors shall receive and count the votes either upon an election, or for the decision of any question, and shall determine the result.  The certificate of the inspectors regarding any vote shall be prima facia evidence thereof.

3.11                         PARTICIPATION IN MEETING BY REMOTE COMMUNICATION .  A shareholder may participate (including voting) in a shareholder meeting by a conference telephone or by other means of remote communication through which all persons participating in the meeting may communicate with the other participants, if (a) the Board of Directors authorizes such participation; (b) all participants are advised of the means of remote communication and the names of the participants in the meeting; (c) the Corporation implements reasonable measures to verify that each person considered present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a shareholder or proxy holder; (d) the Corporation implements reasonable measures to provide each shareholder and proxy holder a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the shareholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with the proceedings; and (e) if any shareholder or proxy holder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of the vote or other action is maintained by the

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Corporation.  Unless otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may hold a meeting of shareholders solely by means of remote communication if the requirements of this Section 3.11 and Section 4.13 are met.

ARTICLE IV
DIRECTORS

4.1                                BOARD OF DIRECTORS .  Except as may otherwise be provided in the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by a Board of Directors.  The Board of Directors shall consist of that number of directors specified in compliance with Article VII of the Articles of Incorporation.  The Board of Directors shall be divided into three classes, each class to be as nearly equal in number as possible.  At each annual meeting of shareholders, a number of directors equal to the number of the class whose term expires at the time of the meeting shall be elected to hold office until the third succeeding annual meeting.  Directors shall serve until their respective terms expire and their successors are elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation or removal.

4.2                                RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL .  A director may resign by written notice to the Corporation, which resignation is effective upon its receipt by the Corporation or at a subsequent time as set forth in the notice.  No director of the Corporation may be removed without cause.  Any one or more directors of the Corporation may be removed for cause, but only by the affirmative vote, at a meeting of the shareholders called for that purpose, of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors ( “Voting Stock” ) voting together as a single class.

4.3                                VACANCIES AND INCREASE IN NUMBER .  Any vacancies in the Board of Directors for any reason, and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors, may be filled only by the Board of Directors, acting by an affirmative vote of a majority of the Continuing Directors (as defined in the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation) and an 80% majority of all of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, and any director so chosen shall hold office until the next election of the class for which the director was chosen and until his successor shall be duly elected and qualified or his resignation or removal.  No decrease in the number of directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

4.4                                PLACE OF MEETINGS AND RECORDS .  The directors shall hold their meetings, and maintain the minutes of the proceedings of meetings of shareholders, the Board of Directors, and committees of the Board of Directors, if any, and keep the books and records of account for the Corporation in such place or places, within or outside the State of Michigan, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

4.5                                ANNUAL MEETINGS .  The annual meeting of the Board of Directors may be held, without notice immediately after the annual shareholders meeting.  If such meeting is not so held, whether because a quorum is not present or for any other reason, the annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be called in the same manner as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board of Directors.

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4.6                                REGULAR MEETINGS .  Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and place as shall from time to time be determined by the Board.

4.7                                SPECIAL MEETINGS .  Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board or the President.  Special meetings shall be called by the Chairman of the Board or the President on the request of any two directors.

4.8                                QUORUM AND VOTE .  A majority of the directors then in office constitutes a quorum for the transaction of business and the vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present constitutes the action of the Board of Directors, unless the vote of a larger number is specifically required by the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws.  If a quorum is not present, the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time and to another place, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present.

4.9                                ACTION WITHOUT A MEETING .  Any action required or permitted to be taken pursuant to authorization voted at a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if, before or after the action, all directors, then in office, or members of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission.  The written consent shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee and the consent shall have the same effect as a vote of the Board of Directors or committee for all purposes.

4.10                         CORPORATE SEAL .  The Board of Directors may authorize a suitable corporate seal, which seal shall be kept in the custody of the Secretary and used by the Secretary.

4.11                         COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS .  Directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at meetings of the Board or of any committee of which they are a member.  In addition thereto or in lieu thereof, as determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, a director may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board, or of a committee thereof, or may be paid a stated salary for serving as a director as well as an additional stated salary for serving on any committee of the Board.

4.12                         COMMITTEES .

(a)                                  The Board of Directors may from time to time appoint committees, whose membership shall consist of such members of the Board of Directors as it may deem advisable, to serve at the pleasure of the Board.  The Board of Directors may also appoint directors to serve as alternates for members of each committee in the absence or disability of regular members.  The Board of Directors may fill any vacancies in any committee as they occur.

(b)                                  The Audit Committee will perform the function of an audit committee for the Corporation and each of its subsidiaries as that function is defined in the Audit Committee Charter adopted by the Board of Directors from time to time.  The Audit Committee shall have the authority, responsibilities and powers provided in the Audit Committee Charter, any resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors from time to time, and any applicable laws and regulations.  The members of the Audit Committee shall have the qualifications set forth in the

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Audit Committee Charter, any resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors from time to time, and any applicable laws and regulations.

(c)                                   The Compensation Committee will perform the function of a compensation committee for the Corporation and each of its subsidiaries as that function is defined by custom and practice and by the Board of Directors from time to time.  The Compensation Committee shall have the authority, responsibilities, and powers provided in any resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors from time to time, and any applicable laws and regulations.  The members of the Compensation Committee shall have the qualifications set forth in any resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors from time to time, and any applicable laws and regulations.

(d)                                  The Nominating Committee will perform the function of a nominating committee for the Corporation and each of its subsidiaries as that function is defined in the Nominating Committee Charter adopted by the Board of Directors from time to time.  The Nominating Committee shall have the authority, responsibilities, and powers provided in the Nominating Committee Charter, any resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors from time to time, and any applicable laws and regulations.  The members of the Nominating Committee shall have the qualifications set forth in the Nominating Committee Charter, any resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors from time to time, and any applicable laws and regulations.

(e)                                   The Board of Directors may designate such other committees as it may deem appropriate, and such committees shall exercise the authority delegated to them.

(f)                                    Each committee provided for above shall meet as often as its business may require and may fix a day and time for regular meetings, notice of which shall not be required.  Whenever the day fixed for a meeting shall fall on a holiday, the meeting shall be held on the following business day or on such other day as the chairman of the committee may determine.  Special meetings of committees may be called by any member, and notice of special meetings may be given to the members personally, by telephone, by mail, or by electronic transmission.  A majority of the members of a committee will constitute a quorum for the transaction of the business of the committee.  A record of the proceedings of each committee shall be kept and presented to the Board of Directors.

(g)                                  In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the members present at a meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint any other member of the board who has the qualifications, if any, set forth in the committee charter or resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in place of such absent or disqualified member.

4.13                         MEETING BY REMOTE COMMUNICATION .  The Board of Directors or any committee appointed by the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of conference telephone or other means of remote communication through which all persons participating in the meeting can communicate with the other participants.  Participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

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4.14                         NOTICE .  Except as otherwise provided by these Bylaws, notice of the date, time, and place of each meeting of the Board of Directors shall be given to each director by either of the following methods:

(a)                                  by mailing a written notice of the meeting to the address that the director has designated or, in the absence of designation, to the last known address of the director, at least two days before the date of the meeting; or

(b)                                  by delivering a written notice of the meeting to the director at least one full business day before the meeting, personally or by electronic transmission, to the address that the director has designated, or in the absence of such designation, to the director’s last known office, home or electronic address.

4.15                         PURPOSE NEED NOT BE STATED .  Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors need be specified in the notice of such meeting.

4.16                         WAIVER OF NOTICE .  A director’s attendance at or participation in a meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee constitutes a waiver of notice of the meeting, unless the director at the beginning of the meeting, or upon his or her arrival, objects to the meeting or the transacting of business at the meeting and does not thereafter vote for or assent to any action taken at the meeting.  Notice of any meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee need not be given to any person entitled thereto who waives such notice in writing, either before or after such meeting.

4.17                         CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD .  The Board of Directors at its first meeting after the annual meeting of the shareholders, or as soon as practicable after the election of directors in each year, shall appoint from its members a Chairman of the Board and may appoint one or more Vice Chairmen.  The Chairman of the Board shall have such other duties, powers and authority as may be delegated by the Board of Directors.  The Chairman of the Board is not an officer or executive officer of the Corporation unless he or she is also the President or otherwise designated an officer by the Board of Directors.  The Chairman of the Board shall be the chairman at all meetings of the Board of Directors.  The Chairman of the Board shall be the chairman at all meetings of the shareholders, or the Chairman of the Board or the Board of Directors may designate the President to serve as chairman of any or all meetings of the shareholders in lieu of the Chairman of the Board.  The Chairman of the Board and any Vice Chairman of the Board shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and may be removed or replaced by the Board of Directors at any time and for any reason.

ARTICLE V
OFFICERS

5.1                                OFFICERS .  The Board of Directors shall appoint a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer, all of whom shall be officers of the Corporation.  The Board of Directors may also appoint and expressly designate Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents, Vice Presidents, or such other individuals as it may deem proper to be officers of the Corporation with such titles as the Board of Directors may deem appropriate.  Any officer appointed by the Board

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shall hold office for an indefinite term at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.  All officers shall respectively have such authority and perform such duties in the management of the property and affairs of the Corporation as may be delegated by the Board of Directors.  Any officer may be removed by the Board of Directors at any time and for any reason.  The Board of Directors may secure the fidelity of any or all of the officers by bond or otherwise.  The Board of Directors shall have the power to fill any vacancies in any offices.

5.2                                APPOINTMENT TO TITLED POSITIONS .  The Board of Directors or the President may from time to time appoint individuals to titled positions.  Holders of titled positions who may from time to time be appointed pursuant to this Section shall hold such titles as are assigned by the Board of Directors or the President.  The title of “Vice President” with or without other words, may be conferred on a holder of a titled position.  Dismissal of the holder of a titled position, appointment of replacement for a holder of a titled position, appointment of an additional titled position holder, and a change of titled position holder to a different or additional position may be made by the Board of Directors or the President.  Any two or more titled positions may be filled by the same person.

5.3                                AUTHORITY OF OFFICERS .  The President, Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents, Secretary and Treasurer, and any Vice Presidents or other persons as the Board of Directors shall have appointed and expressly designated as officers, shall be the only officers of the Corporation.  Only the officers of the Corporation shall have the discretionary authority to determine the fundamental policies of the Corporation.  Holders of titled positions who have not been expressly designated as officers of the Corporation in this Section or by the Board of Directors are not officers of the Corporation regardless of their titles.

5.4                                AUTHORITY OF TITLED POSITIONS .  Holders of titled positions who are not officers shall not have discretionary authority to determine fundamental policies of the Corporation and shall not, by reason of holding such titled positions, be entitled to attend or receive the minutes of any meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee of the Corporation, except as and to the extent expressly authorized and permitted by the Board of Directors or the President.

5.5                                PRESIDENT .  Unless the Board shall determine otherwise, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer as well as the Chief Operating Officer of the Corporation and shall have general supervision, direction, and control of the business of the Corporation, the general powers and duties of management usually vested in or incident to the office of the chief executive officer of a Corporation, and the duty and responsibility to implement and accomplish the objectives of the Corporation.  In the absence or nonelection of a Chairman of the Board, the President shall be the chairman at all meetings of shareholders and at all meetings of the Board of Directors.  The President shall perform such other duties as may be assigned by the Board of Directors.

5.6                                OTHER OFFICERS .  Each Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President, and any Vice Presidents who are appointed and designated as officers by the Board of Directors shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be assigned to him or her from time to time by the Board of Directors or the President.  In case of the absence of or the inability to act of the President, the duties of the President shall be performed by the Executive Vice Presidents, the

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Senior Vice Presidents, and any Vice Presidents designated by the Board of Directors as officers, in the order of their seniority or such other priority as may be established by the Board of Directors, unless and until the Board of Directors shall otherwise direct, and, when so acting the duly authorized Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President, or Vice President shall have all the powers of, and shall be subject to the restrictions upon, the President.

5.7                                TREASURER .  The Treasurer shall have custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate account of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation.  The Treasurer shall deposit all money and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be selected by the Board of Directors.  The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, or the Chief Executive Officer, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements.  In general, the Treasurer shall perform all duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other duties as may be assigned by the Board of Directors.

5.8                                SECRETARY .  The Secretary shall give or cause to be given notice of all meetings of shareholders and directors and all other notices required by law or by these Bylaws; provided, however, that in the case of the Secretary’s absence, or refusal or neglect to do so, any such notice may be given by any person so directed by the Chief Executive Officer or by the directors as provided in these Bylaws.  The Secretary shall record all the proceedings of meetings of shareholders and of the directors in one or more books provided for that purpose and shall perform all duties incident to the office of Secretary and such other duties as may be assigned by the Board of Directors.

5.9                                SUBSIDIARY OFFICERS .  The officers of any subsidiary of the Corporation shall not, by virtue of holding such title and position, be deemed to be executive officers of the  Corporation, nor shall any such officer of a subsidiary of the Corporation, unless he or she is also a director or executive officer of the Corporation, be entitled to have access to any files, records, or other information relating or pertaining to the Corporation, its business and finances, or to attend or receive the minutes of any meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee of the Corporation, except as and to the extent expressly authorized and permitted by the Board of Directors or the President.

ARTICLE VI
CONTRACTS, LOANS, CHECKS, AND DEPOSITS

6.1                                CONTRACTS .  The Board of Directors may authorize any officer, or officers, or agent, or agents, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

6.2                                LOANS .  No loans shall be contracted on behalf of the Corporation and no evidences of indebtedness shall be issued in its name, unless authorized by a resolution of the Board of Directors.  Such authorization may be general or confined to specific instances.

6.3                                CHECKS .  All checks, drafts, or other orders for the payment of money, notes, or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed by such

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officer, or officers, or agent, or agents, of the Corporation and in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.

6.4                                DEPOSITS .  All funds of the Corporation, not otherwise employed, shall be deposited to the credit of the Corporation in such banks, trust companies, or other depositories as the Board of Directors may select.

ARTICLE VII
MISCELLANEOUS

7.1                                FISCAL YEAR .  The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

7.2                                VOTING OF SECURITIES .  Securities of another corporation or entity standing in the name of the Corporation, which are entitled to vote may be voted, in person or by proxy, by the Chairman of the Board or the President of the Corporation or by such other or additional persons as may be designated by the Board of Directors.

7.3                                INCONSISTENCIES WITH ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION .  In the event of any inconsistency between any provision of these Bylaws and any provision of the Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation, the Articles of Incorporation shall control.

ARTICLE VIII
INDEMNIFICATION

8.1                                INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS, ETC.   Directors and executive officers of the Corporation shall be indemnified as of right to the fullest extent now or hereafter permitted by law in connection with any actual or threatened civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding (whether brought by or in the name of the Corporation, a subsidiary or otherwise) in which a director or executive officer is a witness or which is brought against a director or executive officer in his or her capacity as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of the Corporation or of any corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise which the director or executive officer was serving at the request of the Corporation. Persons who are not directors or executive officers of the Corporation may be similarly indemnified in respect of such service to the extent authorized at any time by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance to protect itself any such director, executive officer or other person against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in respect of such service whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability by law or under the provisions of this Article. The provisions of this Article VIII shall be applicable to actions, suits or proceedings, arising from acts or omissions occurring before or after adoption of these bylaws, and to directors, executive officers and other persons who have ceased to render such service, and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of the directors, executive officers and other persons referred to in this Article VIII. The right of indemnity provided pursuant to this Article VIII shall not be exclusive and the Corporation may provide indemnification to any person, by agreement or otherwise, on such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may approve that are not inconsistent with the

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Act (or other law). Any amendment, alteration, modification, repeal or adoption of any provision in the bylaws inconsistent with this Article VIII shall not adversely affect any indemnification right or protection of a director or executive officer of the Corporation existing at the time of such amendment, alteration, modification, repeal or adoption.

8.2                                APPLICATION TO A RESULTING OR SURVIVING OR CONSTITUENT CORPORATION.   The definition for “corporation” found in Section 569 of the Act, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended is, and shall be, specifically excluded from application to this Article VIII. The indemnification and other obligations set forth in this Article VIII of the Corporation shall be binding upon any resulting or surviving corporation after any merger or consolidation with the Corporation.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or in Section 569 of the Act, no person shall be entitled to the indemnification and other rights set forth in this Article VIII for acting as a director or officer of another corporation prior to such other corporation entering into a merger or consolidation with the Corporation.

8.3                                SEVERABILITY.   Each and every paragraph, sentence, term and provision of this Article VIII shall be considered severable in that, in the event a court finds any paragraph, sentence, term or provision to be invalid or unenforceable, the validity and enforceability, operation, or effect of the remaining paragraphs, sentences, terms, or provisions shall not be affected, and this Article VIII shall be construed in all respects as if the invalid or unenforceable matter had been omitted.  Any repeal, amendment or other modification of this Article VIII shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing at the time of such repeal, amendment or other modification.  If the Act is amended after this Article VIII becomes effective, to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting personal liability of directors, then the liability of directors shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the Act as so amended.

ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENTS

These Bylaws may be amended or repealed or new Bylaws adopted by a majority vote of the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, without prior notice of intent to do so, or by vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of the Corporation at any annual or special meeting if notice of the proposed amendment, repeal, or adoption is contained in the notice of the meeting; provided that notwithstanding anything contained in these Bylaws to the contrary, the affirmative vote of at least 80% of the outstanding shares of Voting Stock, voting as a single class, shall be required to amend or repeal Article IV, Article VIII, or Article IX of these Bylaws or to adopt any provision inconsistent therewith, unless, such amendment or repeal or inconsistent provision has been recommended for approval by at least 80% of all directors then holding office and by a majority of the Continuing Directors.

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