Exhibit 3.1

notice thereof in writing to the secretary of the corporation.   To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation , not less than 60 90 days nor more than 180 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 45 30 days later before, or more than 30 days after, the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting, to be timely, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10 th ) day following the earlier of the date on which a written statement setting forth the date of the annual meeting was mailed to stockholders or the date on which it is first disclosed to the public.   A stockholder’s notice to the secretary shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (a)    a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (b) the name and address, as they appear on the corporation’s books, of the stockholder proposing such proposal, (c) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder and (d) any material interest of the stockholder in such business. full text of the stockholder’s proposal and any proposed amendments to any document of the corporation, (c) the name and address of the stockholder of record, as they appear on the corporation’s books, of the beneficial owners, if any, and, if such stockholder or beneficial owner is an entity, of each director, executive, managing member or control person of such entity (any such individual or control person, a “control person”) proposing such proposal, (d) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are held of record and beneficially by the stockholder and control persons, including a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, warrants, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as of the date of the stockholder’s notice by, or on behalf of, the stockholder and such beneficial owners and control persons the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss, manage risk or benefit from share price change for, or maintain, increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or such beneficial owners or control persons with respect to shares of stock of the corporation, (e) a representation that the stockholder will notify the corporation in writing of any such agreement, arrangement or understanding in effect as of the record date for the meeting promptly following the later of the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly disclosed, (f) a representation that the stockholder is entitled to vote at the meeting and intends to appear at the meeting in person or by proxy to submit the business specified in such notice, (g) a representation whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner or control person, if any, will engage in a solicitation with respect to the proposal, and, if so, the percentage of shares of the corporation’s capital stock entitled to vote on such matter that are believed or intended to be held by the stockholders to be solicited, the approximate number of stockholders to be solicited if less than all, and the name of each participant (as defined in Item 4 of Schedule 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, regardless of whether such solicitation is subject to such provision) in such solicitation, and (h) any material interest of the stockholder in such business; provided, however, that if the stockholder’s proposal is submitted in accordance with, and is permitted by, Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Rule 14a-8, then the stockholder may provide to the secretary of the corporation only the information required by such rule.  In addition, if the stockholder’s ownership of shares of the corporation, as set forth in the notice, is solely beneficial, documentary evidence of such ownership must accompany the notice.   Notwithstanding anything in these by-laws bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be

2

conducted at any annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section    2 of Article    II.   The presiding officer of an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that any business which was not properly brought before the meeting is out of order and shall not be transacted at the meeting.

Section 2. Section 3.                                       Special Meetings .   Except as otherwise provided by law, a special meeting of the stockholders may be called only by the president and , chief executive officer or the Chairman of the Board and then only as provided for in resolutions duly adopted by the board of directors or at the written request of a majority of the directors.   The resolutions or request shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is to be called.   The notice of every special meeting of stockholders shall state the purpose for which it is called.   At any special meeting of stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall be provided for in the resolutions or request calling the special meeting.   Any special meeting of stockholders may be adjourned by the presiding officer of the meeting for any reason (including, if the presiding officer determines that it would be in the best interests of the corporation to extend the period of time for the solicitation of proxies) from time to time and from place to place until the presiding officer shall determine that the business to be conducted at the meeting is completed, which determination shall be conclusive. The board of directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that a special meeting of stockholders shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication as authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law.

Section 3. Section 4.                                       Place of Meetings .   The board of directors may designate any place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the place of meeting for any annual meeting or for any special meeting called by the board of directors.   If no designation is made, or if a special meeting be otherwise called, the place of meeting shall be the principal executive office of the corporation.

Section 4. Section 5.                                       Notice .   Whenever   Except as otherwise required by law, whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take action at a meeting, written or printed notice stating the place, date, time, and, in the case of special meetings, the purpose or purposes, of such meeting, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten (10)    nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting.   All such notices shall be delivered, either personally, by electronic transmission or by mail, by or at the direction of the board of directors, the president or the secretary, and if mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at his, her or its address as the same appears on the records of the corporation.   Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

Section 6.                                            Inspectors. The corporation shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors of election to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. The corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. In the event that no inspector so appointed or designated is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his

3

or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspector or inspectors so appointed or designated shall (i) ascertain the number of shares of capital stock of the corporation outstanding and the voting power of each such share, (ii) determine the shares of capital stock of the corporation present or represented at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, and (v) certify their determination of the number of shares of capital stock of the corporation present or represented at the meeting and such inspectors’ count of all votes and ballots. Such certification shall specify such other information as may be required by law. In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots cast at any meeting of stockholders of the corporation, the inspectors may consider such information as is permitted by applicable law. No person who is a candidate for an office at an election may serve as an inspector at such election.

Section 5. Section 7.                                       Stockholders List .   The officer having charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall make, at least ten (10)    days before every meeting of the stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.   Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10)    days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held.   The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present

Section 6. Section 8.                                       Quorum .   The holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of capital stock, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders, except as otherwise provided by statute or by the certificate of incorporation.   If a quorum is not present, the holders of a majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting, and entitled to vote at the meeting, may adjourn the meeting to another time and/or place.

Section 7. Section 9.                                       Adjourned Meetings .   A meeting of stockholders may be adjourned by the presiding officer of the meeting for any reason (including, if the presiding officer determines that it would be in the best interest of the corporation to extend the period of time for the solicitation of proxies) from time to time and place to place until the presiding officer shall determine that the business to be conducted at the meeting is completed, which determination shall be conclusive.   When a meeting is adjourned to another time and place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken.   At the adjourned meeting the corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.   If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

Section 8. Section 10.                                Vote Required .   When a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of the majority of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled

4

to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders, unless the question is one upon which by express provisions of an applicable law or of the certificate of incorporation , or except as otherwise provided hereunder, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.

Section 9. Section 11.                                Voting Rights .   Except as otherwise provided by the Delaware General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or by the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or any amendments thereto and subject to Section    3 of Article VI hereof, every stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders be entitled to one (1)    vote in person or by proxy for each share of common stock held by such stockholder.

Section 10. Section 12.                         Proxies .   Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for him or her by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.   A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power.   A proxy may be made irrevocable regardless of whether the interest with which it is coupled is an interest in the stock itself or an interest in the corporation generally.   Any proxy is suspended when the person executing the proxy is present at a meeting of stockholders and elects to vote by ballot , except that when such proxy is coupled with an interest and the fact of the interest appears on the face of the proxy, the agent named in the proxy shall have all voting and other rights referred to in the proxy, notwithstanding the presence of the person executing the proxy.   At each meeting of the stockholders, and before any voting commences, all proxies filed at or before the meeting shall be submitted to and examined by the secretary or a person designated by the secretary, and no shares may be represented or voted under a proxy that has been found to be invalid or irregular.

Section 11. Section 13.                         Action by Written Consent .   Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken and bearing the dates of signature of the stockholders who signed the consent or consents, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the state of Delaware, or the corporation’s principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book or books in which proceedings of meetings of the stockholders are recorded.   Delivery made to the corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested provided, however, that no consent or consents delivered by certified or registered mail shall be deemed delivered until such consent or consents are actually received at the registered office.   All consents properly delivered in accordance with this section shall be deemed to be recorded when so delivered.   No written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within sixty (60) days of the earliest dated consent delivered to the corporation as required by this section, written consents signed by the holders of a sufficient number of shares to take such

5

corporate action are so recorded.   Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.   Any action taken pursuant to such written consent or consents of the stockholders shall have the same force and effect as if taken by the stockholders at a meeting thereof.

Section 12. Section 14.                         Conduct of Meetings .   The meetings of the stockholders shall be presided over by the chairman of the meeting, which shall be either the Chairman of the Board or the president chief executive officer , or if neither the Chairman of the Board nor president the chief executive officer is present, such other officer of the corporation as designated by the board of directors.   The secretary of the corporation or an assistant secretary, shall act as secretary of such meetings, or if neither the secretary nor an assistant secretary is present, then a secretary shall be appointed by the chairman of the meeting.   The board of directors of the corporation may adopt by resolution such rules    and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate.   Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules    and regulations as adopted by the board of directors, the chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting.   Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following:   (i)    the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii)    rules    and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and safety of those present; (iii)    limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (iv)    restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v)    limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants.   Unless and to the extent determined by the board of directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules  of parliamentary procedure  of parliamentary procedure. The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination or a proposal for other business was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the bylaws or the aforesaid rules, regulations or procedures prescribed for the meeting, and if he or she should so determine, he or she shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination or proposal shall be disregarded .

ARTICLE III.

DIRECTORS

Section 1.                                            General Powers .   The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the board of directors.

Section 2.                                            Number, Election and Term of Office .   The number of directors which shall constitute the first board shall be five (5).   Thereafter, the number of directors shall be established from time to time by resolution of the board.   The directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote in the election of directors.   The directors shall be elected in this manner at the annual meeting of the stockholders, except as provided in Section    5 of this Article    III.   Each

6

director elected shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as hereinafter provided.

Section 3.                                            Procedure for Nomination of Directors .  Subject to the rights of holders of any class or series of stock having a preference over the common stock as to dividends or upon liquidation, nominations for the election of directors at a stockholders’ meeting may be made by the board of directors or a committee appointed by the board of directors or by any stockholder entitled to vote in the election of directors generally.   However, any stockholder entitled to vote in the election of directors generally may nominate one or more persons for election as directors at a stockholders’ meeting only if written notice of such stockholder’s intent to make such nomination or nominations has been given, either by personal delivery or by United States mail, postage prepaid, to the secretary of the corporation not later than (a) with respect to an election to be held at an annual meeting of stockholders, less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before, or more than 30 days after, the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting, and (b) with respect to an election to be held at a special meeting of stockholders for the election of directors, to be timely, the stockholder’s written notice must be received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10 th ) day following the earlier of the date on which a written statement setting forth the date of such the annual meeting is first was mailed to stockholders provided that such statement is mailed no earlier than 120 days prior to the date of such meeting.  Notwithstanding the foregoing if an existing director is not standing for reelection to a directorship which is the subject of an election at such meeting or if such vacancy exists as to a directorship which is the subject of an election at a stockholders’ meeting, whether as a result of resignation, death, an increase in the number of directors, or otherwise, then a stockholder may make a nomination with respect to such directorship at any time not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the date on which a written statement setting forth the fact that such directorship is to be elected and the name of the nominee proposed by the board of directors is first mailed to stockholders. it is first disclosed to the public. Each notice of a nomination from a stockholder shall set forth (a)    as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director, (i)    the name, age, business address and residence address of such person, (ii)    the principal occupation or employment of such person, (iii)    the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by such person, and (iv)    any other information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (including without limitation such persons’ written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); and (b)    as to the stockholder giving the notice (i)    the name and address, as they appear on the corporation’s books, information required to be furnished in a notice of such stockholder ,  proposal under clauses (c) through (g) of Section 2 of Article II, in each case in relation to such nomination and (ii)  the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by such stockholder, (iii) whether the stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice and (iv)    a description of all arrangements or understandings between the stockholder and each nominee and any other person or person (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the stockholder.   At the request of the board of directors any person nominated by the board of directors for election as a director shall furnish to the secretary of the corporation

7

that information required to be set forth in a stockholder’s notice of nomination which pertains to the nominee.   No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section  3 of Article III.  The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the by-laws, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded  3 of Article III. This Section 3 of Article III is expressly intended to apply to any nominations for directors submitted by stockholders, regardless of whether such nomination is made by means of an independently financed proxy statement .

Section 4.                                            Removal and Resignation .   Any director or the entire board of directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors.   Whenever the holders of any class or series are entitled to elect one or more directors by the provisions of the corporation’s certificate of incorporation, the provisions of this section shall apply, in respect to the removal without cause of a director or directors so elected, to the vote of the holders of the outstanding shares of that class or series and not to the vote of the outstanding shares as a whole.   Any director may resign at any time upon written notice or by electronic transmission to the board of directors, the Chairman of the Board, if any, the chief executive officer, the president or the secretary of the corporation . Unless otherwise required in such notice, a resignation shall take effect upon delivery thereof to the board of directors or the designated officer. A resignation need not be accepted for it to be effective .

Section 5.                                            Vacancies .   Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled only by affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director.   Each director so chosen shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as herein provided.

Section 6.                                            Annual Meetings .   The annual meeting of each newly elected board of directors shall be held without other notice than this by-law bylaw immediately after, and at the same place as, the annual meeting of stockholders.

Section 7.                                            Other Meetings and Notice .   Regular meetings, other than the annual meeting, of the board of directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the board of directors.   Special meetings of the board of directors may be called by or at the request of the president or by any member of the board of directors on at least twenty-four (24) hours hours’ notice to each director, either personally, by telephone, by mail, by overnight delivery service, by e-mail or by telegraph facsimile .

Section 8.                                            Quorum, Required Vote and Adjournment .   A majority of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.   The vote of a majority of directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the board of directors, unless a different number is provided by law, the Certificate certificate of Incorporation incorporation or these by-laws. bylaws.  If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the board of directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from

8

time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

Section 9.                                            Committees .   The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation, which to the extent provided in such resolution or these by-laws bylaws shall have and may exercise the powers of the board of directors in the management and affairs of the corporation except as otherwise limited by law .  or the certificate of incorporation.  The board of directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee.   Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the board of directors.   Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the board of directors when required.

Section 10.                                     Committee Rules .   Each committee of the board of directors may fix its own rules    of procedure and shall hold its meetings as provided by such rules, except as may otherwise be provided by a resolution of the board of directors designating such committee.   Unless otherwise provided in such a resolution, the presence of at least a majority of the members of the committee shall be necessary to constitute a quorum.   In the event that a member and that member’s alternate, if alternates are designated by the board of directors as provided in Section    9 of this Article    III, of such committee is or are absent or disqualified, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member.

Section 11.                                     Communications Equipment .   Members of the board of directors or any committee thereof may participate in and act at any meeting of such board or committee through the use of a conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in the meeting pursuant to this section shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

Section 12.                                     Waiver of Notice and Presumption of Assent .   Any member of the board of directors or any committee thereof who is present at a meeting shall be conclusively presumed to have waived notice of such meeting except when such member attends for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.   Such member shall be conclusively presumed to have assented to any action taken unless his or her dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless his or her written dissent to such action shall be filed with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof or shall be forwarded by registered mail to the secretary of the corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting.   Such right to dissent shall not apply to any member who voted in favor of such action.

Section 13.                                     Action by Written Consent .   Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, or by electronic

9

transmission and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board, or committee.   Such filing shall be in paper form if minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

Section 14.                                     Chairman of the Board .   The Chairman of the Board shall be elected annually by the board of directors at its first meeting held after each annual meeting of stockholders or as soon thereafter as conveniently may be.   The Chairman of the Board , or when he or she is absent, the president chief executive officer, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the board of directors ; and shall have such other powers and duties as designated by these by-laws bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the board of directors.

Section 15.                                     Compensation .   Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate certificate of Incorporation incorporation , the board of directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors and committee members.

ARTICLE IV.

OFFICERS

Section 1.                                            Number .   The officers of the corporation shall be elected by the board of directors and shall consist of a president, one or more vice-presidents, secretary, a treasurer, and such other officers and assistant officers as may be deemed necessary or desirable by the board of directors.   Any number of offices may be held by the same person.   In its discretion, the board of directors may choose not to fill any office for any period as it may deem advisable, except that the offices of president and secretary shall be filled as expeditiously as possible.

Section 2.                                            Election and Term of Office .   The officers of the corporation shall be elected annually by the board of directors at its first meeting held after each annual meeting of stockholders or as soon thereafter as conveniently may be.   The   The chief executive officer and the president shall be elected annually by the board of directors at the first meeting of the board of directors held after each annual meeting of stockholders or as soon thereafter as conveniently may be.   The president board of directors may appoint other officers to serve for such terms as he or she it deems desirable.   Vacancies may be filled or new offices created and filled at any meeting of the board of directors or by the president. chief executive officer.  Each officer shall hold office until the first meeting of the board of directors after the annual meeting of stockholders next succeeding his or her election, and until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as hereinafter provided.

Section 3.                                            Removal .   Any officer or agent elected by the board of directors may be removed by the board of directors whenever in its judgment the best interests of the corporation would be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed.

Section 4.                                            Vacancies .   Any vacancy occurring in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise, may be filled by the board of directors or the

10

president chief executive officer for the unexpired portion of the term by the board of directors or the president chief executive officer then in office.

Section 5.                                            Compensation .   Compensation of all officers shall be fixed by the board of directors or a committee thereof, and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by virtue of his or her also being a director of the corporation.

Section 6.                                            The President . Chief Executive Officer. The president shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation ; either the president or the Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and (should he or she be a director) board of directors at which he or she is present; the president shall, subject to the powers of the board of directors, shall have general charge of the business, affairs and property of the corporation, and shall have control over its officers, agents and employees ; and the president , shall , see that all orders and resolutions of the board of directors are carried into effect . , and shall have such other powers, authority and responsibilities as the board of directors may determine.  The president shall chief executive officer may execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the board of directors to some other officer or agent of the corporation.   The president The chief executive officer may appoint additional officers as provided under Section 2 of this Article IV, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or as may be provided in these by-laws bylaws. Except as otherwise provided in these bylaws, either the chief executive officer or the Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and (should he or she be a director) of the board of directors at which he or she is present .

Section 7.                                            The President.  Unless the board of directors otherwise provides and establishes a separate office of the president, the president shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation, and shall, subject to the control and discretion of the board of directors, have the general powers of the chief executive officer as provided under these bylaws. Upon establishment of a separate office of the president, the president shall, subject to the direction and control of the board of directors and the chief executive officer, participate in the supervision of the business and affairs of the corporation and he or she shall perform all duties incident to the office of president and shall have and exercise such powers, authority and responsibilities as the board of directors or chief executive officer may determine.

Section 8.                                            The Chief Financial Officer. The chief financial officer shall be the principal financial officer of the corporation, shall have charge of the corporation’s books of account and shall be responsible for the maintenance of adequate records of all assets, liabilities and financial transactions of the corporation. The chief financial officer shall prepare and render such balance sheets, income statements and other financial reports as the board of directors, the Chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, or the president may require. He or she shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by these bylaws or as may be assigned to him or her by the Chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, the president or the board of directors, and, except as otherwise prescribed by the board of directors, he or she shall have such powers and duties as generally pertain to the office of the chief financial officer.

11

Section 7. Section 9.                                       Vice-Presidents .   The vice-president, of if there shall be more than one, the vice-presidents in the order determined by the board of directors or by the president, shall, in the absence or disability of the president, act with all of the powers and be subject to all the restrictions of the president.   The vice-presidents shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the president or these by-laws bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe.

Section 8. Section 10.                                The Secretary and Assistant Secretaries .   The secretary, or an assistant secretary, shall attend all meetings of the board of directors, all meetings of the committees thereof and all meetings of the stockholders and either the secretary, or an assistant secretary, shall record in the official minutes all the proceedings of the meetings in a book or books to be kept for that purpose.   Under the president’s supervision, the secretary shall give, or cause to be given, all notices required to be given by these by-laws bylaws or by law; shall have such powers and perform such duties as the board of directors, the president or these by-laws bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe; and shall have custody of the corporate seal of the corporation.   The secretary, or an assistant secretary, shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by his signature or by the signature of such assistant secretary.   The board of directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the corporation and to attest the affixing by his signature.   The assistant secretary, or if there be more than one, the assistant secretaries in the order determined by the board of directors, shall, when requested to do so by the board of directors, president or secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the president, or secretary may, from time to time, prescribe.

Section 9. Section 11.                                The Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer .   The treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities ; shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the corporation ; shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors; shall cause the funds of the corporation to be disbursed when such disbursements have been duly authorized, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements; and shall render to the president and the board of directors, at its regular meeting or when the board of directors so requires, an account of the corporation; shall have such powers and perform such duties as the board of directors, the Chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, the president or these by-laws bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe.   If required by the board of directors, the treasurer shall give the corporation a bond (which shall be rendered every six (6) years) in such sums and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the board of directors for the faithful performance of the duties of the office of treasurer and for the restoration to the corporation, in case of death, resignation, retirement, or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money, and other property of whatever kind in the possession or under the control of the treasurer belonging to the corporation.  The assistant treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the assistant treasurers in the order determined by the board of directors, shall in the absence or disability of the treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer.   The assistant treasurers shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president or treasurer may, from time to time, prescribe.

12

Section 10. Section 12.                         Other Officers, Assistant Officers and Agents .   Officers, assistant officers and agents, if any, other than those whose duties are provided for in these by-laws bylaws , shall have such authority and perform such duties as may from time to time be prescribed by resolution of the board of directors.

Section 11. Section 13.                         Absence or Disability of Officers .   In the case of the absence or disability of any officer of the corporation and of any person hereby authorized to act in such officer’s place during such officer’s absence or disability, the board of directors may by resolution delegate the powers and duties of such officer to any other officer or to any director, or to any other person whom it may select.

ARTICLE V.

INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND OTHERS

Section 1.                                            Nature of Indemnity .   Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any (whether as a primary party, a witness or otherwise) any pending, threatened or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or , investigative , legislative or otherwise, including any action by or in the right of the Corporation (hereinafter a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person of whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer, of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the corporation to the fullest extent which it is empowered to do so unless not prohibited from doing so by the Delaware General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware , as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the corporation to provide prior to such amendment) against all judgments, fines, penalties, amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such proceeding ) ), and such indemnification shall inure to the benefit of his heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that, except as provided in Section  2 hereof  2 of this Article V , the corporation, shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding initiated by such person only if such proceeding was authorized by the board of directors of the corporation.   The right to indemnification conferred in this Article    V shall be a contract right and , subject to Sections 2 and , 5 hereof, shall and 9 of this Article V, include the right to be paid by the corporation the advancement of expenses incurred as provided in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition. Section 5 of this Article V.  The corporation may, by action of its board of directors, provide indemnification to employees and agents of the corporation with the same scope and effect as the foregoing indemnification of directors and officers.

Section 2.                                            Procedure for Indemnification of Directors and Officers .   Any indemnification of a director or officer of the corporation under Section    1 of this Article    V or advance advancement of expenses under Section    5 of this Article V shall be made promptly, and in any event within thirty (30 twenty (20 ) days, upon the written request of the director or officer.   If a determination by the corporation that the director or officer is entitled to indemnification

13

and advancement of expenses pursuant to this Article    V is required, and the corporation fails to respond within sixty (60) days to a written request for indemnity or advancement of expenses , the corporation shall be deemed to have approved the request.   If the corporation denies a written request for indemnification or advancing advancement of expenses, in whole or in part, or if payment in full pursuant to such request is not made within thirty (30 twenty (20 ) days, the right to indemnification or advances advancement of expenses as granted by this Article    V shall be enforceable by the director or officer in any court of competent jurisdiction.   Such person’s costs and expenses incurred in connection with successfully establishing his right to indemnification or advancement of expenses , in whole or in part, in any such action shall also be indemnified by the corporation.   It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any, has been tendered to the corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under the Delaware General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware for the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of such defense shall be on the corporation.   Neither the failure of the corporation (including its board of directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware , nor an actual determination by the corporation , (including its board of directors, a committee of the board of directors, independent legal counsel, or its the stockholders ) ), that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

Section 3.                                            Article    Not Exclusive .   The rights to indemnification and the payment of expenses incurred in defending a proceeding in advance of its final disposition conferred in this Article    V shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the certificate of incorporation, by-law bylaw , agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

Section 4.                                            Insurance .   The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on its own behalf and on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent of the corporation or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under this Article    V.

Section 5.                                            Expenses .   Expenses incurred by any person described in Section    1 of this Article    V in defending a proceeding shall be paid by the corporation in advance of such proceeding’s final disposition , unless otherwise it is determined by the board of directors , a committee of the board of directors, independent legal counsel or the stockholders in the specific case that such person has not met the applicable standards of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation .  or, where indemnification is granted, to the extent the expenses so advanced by the corporation, when aggregated with any indemnification amounts

14

collected as described in Section 9 of this Article V, exceed the indemnification to which such person is entitled.  Such expenses incurred by other employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the board of directors , a committee of the board of directors, independent legal counsel or the stockholders deems appropriate.

Section 6.                                            Employees and Agents .   Persons who are not covered by the foregoing provisions of this Article    V and who are or were employees or agents of the corporation, or who are or were serving at the request of the corporation as employees or agents of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, may be indemnified to the extent authorized at any time or from time to time by the board of directors.

Section 7.                                            Contract Rights .   The provisions of this Article    V shall be deemed to be a contract right between the corporation and each director or officer who serves in any such capacity at any time while this Article    V and the relevant provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or other applicable law are in effect, and any repeal or modification of this Article    V or any such law shall not affect any rights or obligations then existing with respect to any state of facts or proceeding then existing.

Section 8.                                            Merger or Consolidation .   For purposes of this Article    V, references to “the corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this Article    V with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he or she would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

Section 9.                                            Other Indemnification. Notwithstanding other provisions of this Article V, the corporation’s obligation, if any, to indemnify any person who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise.

ARTICLE VI.

CERTIFICATES OF STOCK

Section 1.                                            Form .  Every holder of stock in the corporation Form.  The shares of stock of the corporation shall be represented by certificates; provided, however, that the board of directors may provide, by resolution, that some or all classes or series of its stock may be uncertificated shares. Every holder of stock of the corporation represented by certificates, and upon request, shall be entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the corporation by the president or a vice-president and the secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation, certifying the number of shares of a specific class or series owned by such holder in the corporation.   If any such a certificate is countersigned (1)    by a transfer agent or an assistant

15

transfer agent other than the corporation or its employee or (2)    by a registrar, other than the corporation or its employee, the signature of any such president, vice-president, secretary, or assistant secretary may be facsimiles.   In case any officer or officers who have signed, or whose facsimile signature or signatures have been used on, any such certificate or certificates shall cease to be such officer or officers of the corporation whether because of death, resignation or otherwise before such certificate or certificates have been delivered by the corporation, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be issued and delivered as though the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates or whose facsimile signature or signatures have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer or officers of the corporation.   All certificates for certificated shares shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified.   The name of the person to whom the shares represented thereby are issued, with the number of shares and date of issue, shall be entered on the books of the corporation.   Shares of stock of the corporation shall only be transferred on the books of the corporation by the holder of record thereof or by such holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing, upon surrender to the corporation of the certificate or certificates for such shares endorsed by the appropriate person or persons, with such evidence of the authenticity of such endorsement, transfer, authorization, and other matters as the corporation may reasonably require, and accompanied by all necessary stock transfer stamps.   In that event, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate or certificates, and record the transaction on its books.   The board of directors may appoint a bank or trust company organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof to act as its transfer agent or registrar, or both in connection with the transfer of any class or series of securities of the corporation.

Section 2.                                            Lost Certificates .   The board of directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates previously issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen, or destroyed.   When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the board of directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his or her legal representative, to give the corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify the corporation against any claim that may be made against the corporation on account of the loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.

Section 3.                                            Fixing a Record Date for Stockholder Meetings .   In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10)    days before the date of such meeting.   If no record date is fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be the close of business on the next day preceding the day on which notice is given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.   A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

16

Section 4.                                            Fixing a Record Date for Action by Written Consent .   In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which date shall not be more than ten (10)    days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors.   If no record date has been fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the board of directors is required by statute, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded.   Delivery made to the corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.   If no record date has been fixed by the board of directors and prior action by the board of directors is required by statute, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

Section 5.                                            Fixing a Record Date for Other Purposes .   In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment or any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purposes of any other lawful action, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty (60) days prior to such action.   If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

Section 6.                                            Registered Stockholders .   Prior to the surrender to the corporation of the a certificate or certificates for a share or shares of certificated stock with a request to record the transfer of such share or shares, the corporation may treat the registered owner as the person entitled to receive dividends, to vote, to receive notifications, and otherwise to exercise all the rights and powers of an owner.   The corporation shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof.

Section 7.                                            Subscriptions for Stock .   Unless otherwise provided for in the subscription agreement, subscriptions for shares shall be paid in full at such time, or in such installments and at such times, as shall be determined by the board of directors.   Any call made by the board of directors for payment on subscriptions shall be uniform as to all shares of the same class or as to all shares of the same series.   In case of default in the payment of any installment or call when such payment is due, the corporation may proceed to collect the amount due in the same manner as any debt due the corporation.

17

ARTICLE VII.

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1.                                            Dividends .   Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation, subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, if any, may be declared by the board of directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law.   Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation.   Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or any other purpose and the directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.

Section 2.                                            Checks, Drafts or Orders .   All checks, drafts, or other orders for the payment of money by or to the corporation and all notes and other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers, agent or agents of the corporation, and in such manner, as shall be determined by resolution of the board of directors or a duly authorized committee thereof.

Section 3.                                            Contracts .   The board of directors may authorize any officer or officers, or any agent or agents, of the corporation to enter into any contract or to execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

Section 4.                                            Loans .   No loans shall be contracted on behalf of the corporation and no evidence of indebtedness shall be issued in its name unless authorized by a resolution of the board of directors.   Such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

Section 5.                                            Fiscal Year .   The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the board of directors.

Section 6.                                            Corporate Seal .   The board of directors shall provide a corporate seal which shall be in the form of a circle and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the corporation and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware”.   The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

Section 7.                                            Voting Securities Owned By Corporation .   Voting securities in any other corporation held by the corporation shall be voted by the president chief executive officer , unless the board of directors specifically confers authority to vote with respect thereto, which authority may be general or confined to specific instances, upon some other person or officer.   Any person authorized to vote securities shall have the power to appoint proxies, with general power of substitution.

Section 8.                                            Inspection of Books and Records .   Any stockholder of record, in person or by attorney or other agent, shall, upon written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof, have the right during the usual hours for business to inspect for any proper purpose the corporation’s stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records, and to make

18

copies or extracts therefrom.   A proper purpose shall mean any purpose reasonably related to such person’s interest as a stockholder.   In every instance where an attorney or other agent shall be the person who seeks the right to inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or such other writing which authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on behalf of the stockholder.   The demand under oath shall be directed to the corporation at its registered office in the State of Delaware or at its principal place of business.

Section 9.                                            Section    Headings .   Section    headings in these by-laws bylaws are for convenience of reference only and shall not be given any substantive effect in limiting or otherwise construing any provision herein.

Section 10.                                     Inconsistent Provisions .   In the event that any provision of these by-laws bylaws is or becomes inconsistent with any provision of the certificate of incorporation, the Delaware General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or any other applicable law, the provision of these by-laws bylaws shall not be given any effect to the extent of such inconsistency but shall otherwise be given full force and effect.

ARTICLE VIII.

FORUM FOR ADJUDICATION OF DISPUTES

Unless the corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the corporation to the corporation or the corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be a state or federal court located within the state of Delaware, in all cases subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants.

ARTICLE IX.

AMENDMENTS

These by-laws bylaws may be amended, altered, or repealed and new by-laws bylaws adopted at any meeting of the board of directors by a majority vote.  The fact that the power to adopt, amend, alter, or repeal the by-laws bylaws has been conferred upon the board of directors shall not divest the stockholders of the same powers.

The undersigned, the secretary of the corporation, hereby certifies that the foregoing amended and restated by-laws bylaws were adopted by the directors of the corporation as of February 6, 2013 September 16, 2014 .

By:                                                                            

Meredith W. Bjorck

Secretary

19

Exhibit 3.2

notice thereof in writing to the secretary of the corporation.  To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before, or more than 30 days after, the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting, to be timely, notice by the stockholder must be received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10 th ) day following the earlier of the date on which a written statement setting forth the date of the annual meeting was mailed to stockholders or the date on which it is first disclosed to the public.  A stockholder’s notice to the secretary shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (a) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (b) the full text of the stockholder’s proposal and any proposed amendments to any document of the corporation, (c) the name and address of the stockholder of record, as they appear on the corporation’s books, of the beneficial owners, if any, and, if such stockholder or beneficial owner is an entity, of each director, executive, managing member or control person of such entity (any such individual or control person, a “control person”) proposing such proposal, (d) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are held of record and beneficially by the stockholder and control persons, including a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, warrants, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as of the date of the stockholder’s notice by, or on behalf of, the stockholder and such beneficial owners and control persons the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss, manage risk or benefit from share price change for, or maintain, increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or such beneficial owners or control persons with respect to shares of stock of the corporation, (e) a representation that the stockholder will notify the corporation in writing of any such agreement, arrangement or understanding in effect as of the record date for the meeting promptly following the later of the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly disclosed, (f) a representation that the stockholder is entitled to vote at the meeting and intends to appear at the meeting in person or by proxy to submit the business specified in such notice, (g) a representation whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner or control person, if any, will engage in a solicitation with respect to the proposal, and, if so, the percentage of shares of the corporation’s capital stock entitled to vote on such matter that are believed or intended to be held by the stockholders to be solicited, the approximate number of stockholders to be solicited if less than all, and the name of each participant (as defined in Item 4 of Schedule 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, regardless of whether such solicitation is subject to such provision) in such solicitation, and (h) any material interest of the stockholder in such business; provided, however, that if the stockholder’s proposal is submitted in accordance with, and is permitted by, Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Rule 14a-8, then the stockholder may provide to the secretary of the corporation only the information required by such rule.  In addition, if the stockholder’s ownership of shares of the corporation, as set forth in the notice, is solely beneficial, documentary evidence of such ownership must accompany the notice.  Notwithstanding anything in these bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at any annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2 of Article II.  The presiding officer of an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and

2

declare to the meeting that any business which was not properly brought before the meeting is out of order and shall not be transacted at the meeting.

Section 3.                                            Special Meetings .  Except as otherwise provided by law, a special meeting of the stockholders may be called only by the president, chief executive officer or the Chairman of the Board and then only as provided for in resolutions duly adopted by the board of directors or at the written request of a majority of the directors.  The resolutions or request shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is to be called.  The notice of every special meeting of stockholders shall state the purpose for which it is called.  At any special meeting of stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall be provided for in the resolutions or request calling the special meeting.  Any special meeting of stockholders may be adjourned by the presiding officer of the meeting for any reason (including, if the presiding officer determines that it would be in the best interests of the corporation to extend the period of time for the solicitation of proxies) from time to time and from place to place until the presiding officer shall determine that the business to be conducted at the meeting is completed, which determination shall be conclusive. The board of directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that a special meeting of stockholders shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication as authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law.

Section 4.                                            Place of Meetings .  The board of directors may designate any place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the place of meeting for any annual meeting or for any special meeting called by the board of directors.  If no designation is made, or if a special meeting be otherwise called, the place of meeting shall be the principal executive office of the corporation.

Section 5.                                            Notice .  Except as otherwise required by law, whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take action at a meeting, written or printed notice stating the place, date, time, and, in the case of special meetings, the purpose or purposes, of such meeting, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting.  All such notices shall be delivered, either personally, by electronic transmission or by mail, by or at the direction of the board of directors, the president or the secretary, and if mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at his, her or its address as the same appears on the records of the corporation.  Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

Section 6.                                            Inspectors . The corporation shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors of election to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. The corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. In the event that no inspector so appointed or designated is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspector or inspectors so appointed or designated shall (i) ascertain the number of shares of capital stock of the

3

corporation outstanding and the voting power of each such share, (ii) determine the shares of capital stock of the corporation present or represented at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, and (v) certify their determination of the number of shares of capital stock of the corporation present or represented at the meeting and such inspectors’ count of all votes and ballots. Such certification shall specify such other information as may be required by law. In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots cast at any meeting of stockholders of the corporation, the inspectors may consider such information as is permitted by applicable law. No person who is a candidate for an office at an election may serve as an inspector at such election.

Section 7.                                            Stockholders List .  The officer having charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of the stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.  Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held.  The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present

Section 8.                                            Quorum .  The holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of capital stock, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders, except as otherwise provided by statute or by the certificate of incorporation.  If a quorum is not present, the holders of a majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting, and entitled to vote at the meeting, may adjourn the meeting to another time and/or place.

Section 9.                                            Adjourned Meetings .  A meeting of stockholders may be adjourned by the presiding officer of the meeting for any reason (including, if the presiding officer determines that it would be in the best interest of the corporation to extend the period of time for the solicitation of proxies) from time to time and place to place until the presiding officer shall determine that the business to be conducted at the meeting is completed, which determination shall be conclusive.  When a meeting is adjourned to another time and place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken.  At the adjourned meeting the corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.  If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

Section 10.                                     Vote Required .  When a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of the majority of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders, unless the question is one upon which by express provisions of an applicable law or of the certificate of incorporation, or except as

4

otherwise provided hereunder, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.

Section 11.                                     Voting Rights .  Except as otherwise provided by the Delaware General Corporation Law or by the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or any amendments thereto and subject to Section 3 of Article VI hereof, every stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders be entitled to one (1) vote in person or by proxy for each share of common stock held by such stockholder.

Section 12.                                     Proxies .  Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for him or her by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.  A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power.  A proxy may be made irrevocable regardless of whether the interest with which it is coupled is an interest in the stock itself or an interest in the corporation generally.  Any proxy is suspended when the person executing the proxy is present at a meeting of stockholders and elects to vote by ballot, except that when such proxy is coupled with an interest and the fact of the interest appears on the face of the proxy, the agent named in the proxy shall have all voting and other rights referred to in the proxy, notwithstanding the presence of the person executing the proxy.  At each meeting of the stockholders, and before any voting commences, all proxies filed at or before the meeting shall be submitted to and examined by the secretary or a person designated by the secretary, and no shares may be represented or voted under a proxy that has been found to be invalid or irregular.

Section 13.                                     Action by Written Consent .  Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken and bearing the dates of signature of the stockholders who signed the consent or consents, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the state of Delaware, or the corporation’s principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book or books in which proceedings of meetings of the stockholders are recorded.  Delivery made to the corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested provided, however, that no consent or consents delivered by certified or registered mail shall be deemed delivered until such consent or consents are actually received at the registered office.  All consents properly delivered in accordance with this section shall be deemed to be recorded when so delivered.  No written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within sixty (60) days of the earliest dated consent delivered to the corporation as required by this section, written consents signed by the holders of a sufficient number of shares to take such corporate action are so recorded.  Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in

5

writing.  Any action taken pursuant to such written consent or consents of the stockholders shall have the same force and effect as if taken by the stockholders at a meeting thereof.

Section 14.                                     Conduct of Meetings .  The meetings of the stockholders shall be presided over by the chairman of the meeting, which shall be either the Chairman of the Board or the chief executive officer, or if neither the Chairman of the Board nor the chief executive officer is present, such other officer of the corporation as designated by the board of directors.  The secretary of the corporation or an assistant secretary, shall act as secretary of such meetings, or if neither the secretary nor an assistant secretary is present, then a secretary shall be appointed by the chairman of the meeting.  The board of directors of the corporation may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate.  Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the board of directors, the chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting.  Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following:  (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and safety of those present; (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants.  Unless and to the extent determined by the board of directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure. The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination or a proposal for other business was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the bylaws or the aforesaid rules, regulations or procedures prescribed for the meeting, and if he or she should so determine, he or she shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination or proposal shall be disregarded.

ARTICLE III.

DIRECTORS

Section 1.                                            General Powers .  The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the board of directors.

Section 2.                                            Number, Election and Term of Office .  The number of directors which shall constitute the first board shall be five (5).  Thereafter, the number of directors shall be established from time to time by resolution of the board.  The directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote in the election of directors.  The directors shall be elected in this manner at the annual meeting of the stockholders, except as provided in Section 5 of this Article III.  Each director elected shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as hereinafter provided.

6

Section 3.                                            Procedure for Nomination of Directors .  Subject to the rights of holders of any class or series of stock having a preference over the common stock as to dividends or upon liquidation, nominations for the election of directors at a stockholders’ meeting may be made by the board of directors or a committee appointed by the board of directors or by any stockholder entitled to vote in the election of directors generally. However, any stockholder entitled to vote in the election of directors generally may nominate one or more persons for election as directors at a stockholders’ meeting only if written notice of such stockholder’s intent to make such nomination or nominations has been given, either by personal delivery or by United States mail, postage prepaid, to the secretary of the corporation not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before, or more than 30 days after, the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting, to be timely, the stockholder’s written notice must be received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10 th ) day following the earlier of the date on which a written statement setting forth the date of the annual meeting was mailed to stockholders or the date on which it is first disclosed to the public. Each notice of a nomination from a stockholder shall set forth (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director, (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of such person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of such person, (iii) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by such person, and (iv) any other information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (including without limitation such persons’ written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice (i) the information required to be furnished in a notice of stockholder proposal under clauses (c) through (g) of Section 2 of Article II, in each case in relation to such nomination and (ii) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the stockholder and each nominee and any other person or person (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the stockholder.  At the request of the board of directors any person nominated by the board of directors for election as a director shall furnish to the secretary of the corporation that information required to be set forth in a stockholder’s notice of nomination which pertains to the nominee.  No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 3 of Article III. This Section 3 of Article III is expressly intended to apply to any nominations for directors submitted by stockholders, regardless of whether such nomination is made by means of an independently financed proxy statement.

Section 4.                                            Removal and Resignation .  Any director or the entire board of directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors.  Whenever the holders of any class or series are entitled to elect one or more directors by the provisions of the corporation’s certificate of incorporation, the provisions of this section shall apply, in respect to the removal without cause of a director or directors so elected, to the vote of the holders of the outstanding shares of that class or series and not to the vote of the outstanding shares as a whole.  Any director may resign at any time upon written notice or by electronic transmission to the board of directors, the Chairman of the Board, if any, the chief executive officer, the president or the secretary of the corporation. Unless otherwise required in such notice, a resignation shall take effect upon

7

delivery thereof to the board of directors or the designated officer. A resignation need not be accepted for it to be effective.

Section 5.                                            Vacancies .  Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled only by affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director.  Each director so chosen shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as herein provided.

Section 6.                                            Annual Meetings .  The annual meeting of each newly elected board of directors shall be held without other notice than this bylaw immediately after, and at the same place as, the annual meeting of stockholders.

Section 7.                                            Other Meetings and Notice .  Regular meetings, other than the annual meeting, of the board of directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the board of directors.  Special meetings of the board of directors may be called by or at the request of the president or by any member of the board of directors on at least twenty-four (24) hours’ notice to each director, either personally, by telephone, by mail, by overnight delivery service, by e-mail or by facsimile.

Section 8.                                            Quorum, Required Vote and Adjournment .  A majority of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.  The vote of a majority of directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the board of directors, unless a different number is provided by law, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws.  If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the board of directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

Section 9.                                            Committees .  The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation, which to the extent provided in such resolution or these bylaws shall have and may exercise the powers of the board of directors in the management and affairs of the corporation except as otherwise limited by law or the certificate of incorporation.  The board of directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee.  Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the board of directors.  Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the board of directors when required.

Section 10.                                     Committee Rules .  Each committee of the board of directors may fix its own rules of procedure and shall hold its meetings as provided by such rules, except as may otherwise be provided by a resolution of the board of directors designating such committee.  Unless otherwise provided in such a resolution, the presence of at least a majority of the members of the committee shall be necessary to constitute a quorum.  In the event that a member and that member’s alternate, if alternates are designated by the board of directors as provided in Section 9 of this Article III, of such committee is or are absent or disqualified, the member or

8

members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member.

Section 11.                                     Communications Equipment .  Members of the board of directors or any committee thereof may participate in and act at any meeting of such board or committee through the use of a conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in the meeting pursuant to this section shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

Section 12.                                     Waiver of Notice and Presumption of Assent .  Any member of the board of directors or any committee thereof who is present at a meeting shall be conclusively presumed to have waived notice of such meeting except when such member attends for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.  Such member shall be conclusively presumed to have assented to any action taken unless his or her dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless his or her written dissent to such action shall be filed with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof or shall be forwarded by registered mail to the secretary of the corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting.  Such right to dissent shall not apply to any member who voted in favor of such action.

Section 13.                                     Action by Written Consent .  Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board, or committee.  Such filing shall be in paper form if minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

Section 14.                                     Chairman of the Board .  The Chairman of the Board shall be elected annually by the board of directors at its first meeting held after each annual meeting of stockholders or as soon thereafter as conveniently may be.  The Chairman of the Board, or when he or she is absent, the chief executive officer, shall preside at all meetings of the board of directors and shall have such other powers and duties as designated by these bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the board of directors.

Section 15.                                     Compensation .  Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation, the board of directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors and committee members.

ARTICLE IV.

OFFICERS

Section 1.                                            Number .  The officers of the corporation shall be elected by the board of directors and shall consist of a president, one or more vice-presidents, secretary, a treasurer, and

9

such other officers and assistant officers as may be deemed necessary or desirable by the board of directors.  Any number of offices may be held by the same person.  In its discretion, the board of directors may choose not to fill any office for any period as it may deem advisable, except that the offices of president and secretary shall be filled as expeditiously as possible.

Section 2.                                            Election and Term of Office .  The officers of the corporation shall be elected annually by the board of directors at its first meeting held after each annual meeting of stockholders or as soon thereafter as conveniently may be.  The chief executive officer and the president shall be elected annually by the board of directors at the first meeting of the board of directors held after each annual meeting of stockholders or as soon thereafter as conveniently may be.  The board of directors may appoint other officers to serve for such terms as it deems desirable.  Vacancies may be filled or new offices created and filled at any meeting of the board of directors or by the chief executive officer.  Each officer shall hold office until the first meeting of the board of directors after the annual meeting of stockholders next succeeding his or her election, and until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as hereinafter provided.

Section 3.                                            Removal .  Any officer or agent elected by the board of directors may be removed by the board of directors whenever in its judgment the best interests of the corporation would be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed.

Section 4.                                            Vacancies .  Any vacancy occurring in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise, may be filled by the board of directors or the chief executive officer for the unexpired portion of the term by the board of directors or the chief executive officer then in office.

Section 5.                                            Compensation .  Compensation of all officers shall be fixed by the board of directors or a committee thereof, and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by virtue of his or her also being a director of the corporation.

Section 6.                                            The Chief Executive Officer . The chief executive officer of the corporation shall have general charge of the business, affairs and property of the corporation, shall have control over its officers, agents and employees, shall see that all orders and resolutions of the board of directors are carried into effect, and shall have such other powers, authority and responsibilities as the board of directors may determine.  The chief executive officer may execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the corporation, except where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the board of directors to some other officer or agent of the corporation. The chief executive officer may appoint additional officers as provided under Section 2 of this Article IV, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or as may be provided in these bylaws. Except as otherwise provided in these bylaws, either the chief executive officer or the Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and (should he or she be a director) of the board of directors at which he or she is present.

Section 7.                                            The President .  Unless the board of directors otherwise provides and establishes a separate office of the president, the president shall be the chief executive officer of

10

the corporation, and shall, subject to the control and discretion of the board of directors, have the general powers of the chief executive officer as provided under these bylaws. Upon establishment of a separate office of the president, the president shall, subject to the direction and control of the board of directors and the chief executive officer, participate in the supervision of the business and affairs of the corporation and he or she shall perform all duties incident to the office of president and shall have and exercise such powers, authority and responsibilities as the board of directors or chief executive officer may determine.

Section 8.                                            The Chief Financial Officer . The chief financial officer shall be the principal financial officer of the corporation, shall have charge of the corporation’s books of account and shall be responsible for the maintenance of adequate records of all assets, liabilities and financial transactions of the corporation. The chief financial officer shall prepare and render such balance sheets, income statements and other financial reports as the board of directors, the Chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, or the president may require. He or she shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by these bylaws or as may be assigned to him or her by the Chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, the president or the board of directors, and, except as otherwise prescribed by the board of directors, he or she shall have such powers and duties as generally pertain to the office of the chief financial officer.

Section 9.                                            Vice-Presidents .  The vice-president, of if there shall be more than one, the vice-presidents in the order determined by the board of directors or by the president, shall, in the absence or disability of the president, act with all of the powers and be subject to all the restrictions of the president.  The vice-presidents shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the president or these bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe.

Section 10.                                     The Secretary and Assistant Secretaries .  The secretary, or an assistant secretary, shall attend all meetings of the board of directors, all meetings of the committees thereof and all meetings of the stockholders and either the secretary, or an assistant secretary, shall record in the official minutes all the proceedings of the meetings in a book or books to be kept for that purpose.  Under the president’s supervision, the secretary shall give, or cause to be given, all notices required to be given by these bylaws or by law; shall have such powers and perform such duties as the board of directors, the president or these bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe; and shall have custody of the corporate seal of the corporation.  The secretary, or an assistant secretary, shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by his signature or by the signature of such assistant secretary.  The board of directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the corporation and to attest the affixing by his signature.  The assistant secretary, or if there be more than one, the assistant secretaries in the order determined by the board of directors, shall, when requested to do so by the board of directors, president or secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the president, or secretary may, from time to time, prescribe.

Section 11.                                     The Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer .  The treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities; shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors; shall

11

cause the funds of the corporation to be disbursed when such disbursements have been duly authorized, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements; shall have such powers and perform such duties as the board of directors, the Chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, the president or these bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe. The assistant treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the assistant treasurers in the order determined by the board of directors, shall in the absence or disability of the treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer.  The assistant treasurers shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president or treasurer may, from time to time, prescribe.

Section 12.                                     Other Officers, Assistant Officers and Agents .  Officers, assistant officers and agents, if any, other than those whose duties are provided for in these bylaws, shall have such authority and perform such duties as may from time to time be prescribed by resolution of the board of directors.

Section 13.                                     Absence or Disability of Officers .  In the case of the absence or disability of any officer of the corporation and of any person hereby authorized to act in such officer’s place during such officer’s absence or disability, the board of directors may by resolution delegate the powers and duties of such officer to any other officer or to any director, or to any other person whom it may select.

ARTICLE V.

INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND OTHERS

Section 1.                                            Nature of Indemnity .  Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in (whether as a primary party, a witness or otherwise) any pending, threatened or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative, legislative or otherwise, including any action by or in the right of the Corporation (hereinafter a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person of whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer, of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the corporation to the fullest extent not prohibited by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the corporation to provide prior to such amendment) against all judgments, fines, penalties, amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such proceeding), and such indemnification shall inure to the benefit of his heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that, except as provided in Section 2 of this Article V, the corporation, shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding initiated by such person only if such proceeding was authorized by the board of directors of the corporation.  The right to indemnification conferred in this Article V shall, subject to Sections 2, 5 and 9 of this Article V, include advancement of expenses as provided in Section 5 of this Article V.  The corporation may, by action of its board of directors, provide indemnification to employees and

12

agents of the corporation with the same scope and effect as the foregoing indemnification of directors and officers.

Section 2.                                            Procedure for Indemnification of Directors and Officers .  Any indemnification of a director or officer of the corporation under Section 1 of this Article V or advancement of expenses under Section 5 of this Article V shall be made promptly, and in any event within twenty (20) days, upon the written request of the director or officer.  If a determination by the corporation that the director or officer is entitled to indemnification and advancement of expenses pursuant to this Article V is required, and the corporation fails to respond within sixty (60) days to a written request for indemnity or advancement of expenses, the corporation shall be deemed to have approved the request.  If the corporation denies a written request for indemnification or advancement of expenses, in whole or in part, or if payment in full pursuant to such request is not made within twenty (20) days, the right to indemnification or advancement of expenses as granted by this Article V shall be enforceable by the director or officer in any court of competent jurisdiction.  Such person’s costs and expenses incurred in connection with successfully establishing his right to indemnification or advancement of expenses, in whole or in part, in any such action shall also be indemnified by the corporation.  It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any, has been tendered to the corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under the Delaware General Corporation Law for the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of such defense shall be on the corporation.  Neither the failure of the corporation (including its board of directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the corporation (including its board of directors, a committee of the board of directors, independent legal counsel, or the stockholders), that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

Section 3.                                            Article Not Exclusive .  The rights to indemnification and the payment of expenses incurred in defending a proceeding in advance of its final disposition conferred in this Article V shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the certificate of incorporation, bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

Section 4.                                            Insurance .  The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on its own behalf and on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent of the corporation or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under this Article V.

13

Section 5.                                            Expenses .  Expenses incurred by any person described in Section 1 of this Article V in defending a proceeding shall be paid by the corporation in advance of such proceeding’s final disposition, unless it is determined by the board of directors, a committee of the board of directors, independent legal counsel or the stockholders in the specific case that such person has not met the applicable standards of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation or, where indemnification is granted, to the extent the expenses so advanced by the corporation, when aggregated with any indemnification amounts collected as described in Section 9 of this Article V, exceed the indemnification to which such person is entitled.  Such expenses incurred by other employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the board of directors, a committee of the board of directors, independent legal counsel or the stockholders deems appropriate.

Section 6.                                            Employees and Agents .  Persons who are not covered by the foregoing provisions of this Article V and who are or were employees or agents of the corporation, or who are or were serving at the request of the corporation as employees or agents of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, may be indemnified to the extent authorized at any time or from time to time by the board of directors.

Section 7.                                            Contract Rights .  The provisions of this Article V shall be deemed to be a contract right between the corporation and each director or officer who serves in any such capacity at any time while this Article V and the relevant provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law or other applicable law are in effect, and any repeal or modification of this Article V or any such law shall not affect any rights or obligations then existing with respect to any state of facts or proceeding then existing.

Section 8.                                            Merger or Consolidation .  For purposes of this Article V, references to “the corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this Article V with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he or she would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

Section 9.                                            Other Indemnification . Notwithstanding other provisions of this Article V, the corporation’s obligation, if any, to indemnify any person who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise.

14

ARTICLE VI.

CERTIFICATES OF STOCK

Section 1.                                            Form .  The shares of stock of the corporation shall be represented by certificates; provided, however, that the board of directors may provide, by resolution, that some or all classes or series of its stock may be uncertificated shares. Every holder of stock of the corporation represented by certificates, and upon request, shall be entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the corporation by the president or a vice-president and the secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation, certifying the number of shares of a specific class or series owned by such holder in the corporation.  If any such certificate is countersigned (1) by a transfer agent or an assistant transfer agent other than the corporation or its employee or (2) by a registrar, other than the corporation or its employee, the signature of any such president, vice-president, secretary, or assistant secretary may be facsimiles.  In case any officer or officers who have signed, or whose facsimile signature or signatures have been used on, any such certificate or certificates shall cease to be such officer or officers of the corporation whether because of death, resignation or otherwise before such certificate or certificates have been delivered by the corporation, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be issued and delivered as though the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates or whose facsimile signature or signatures have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer or officers of the corporation.  All certificates for certificated shares shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified.  The name of the person to whom the shares represented thereby are issued, with the number of shares and date of issue, shall be entered on the books of the corporation.  Shares of stock of the corporation shall only be transferred on the books of the corporation by the holder of record thereof or by such holder’s attorney duly authorized in writing, upon surrender to the corporation of the certificate or certificates for such shares endorsed by the appropriate person or persons, with such evidence of the authenticity of such endorsement, transfer, authorization, and other matters as the corporation may reasonably require, and accompanied by all necessary stock transfer stamps.  In that event, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate or certificates, and record the transaction on its books.  The board of directors may appoint a bank or trust company organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof to act as its transfer agent or registrar, or both in connection with the transfer of any class or series of securities of the corporation.

Section 2.                                            Lost Certificates .  The board of directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates previously issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen, or destroyed.  When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the board of directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his or her legal representative, to give the corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify the corporation against any claim that may be made against the corporation on account of the loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.

Section 3.                                            Fixing a Record Date for Stockholder Meetings .  In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of

15

stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting.  If no record date is fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be the close of business on the next day preceding the day on which notice is given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.  A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

Section 4.                                            Fixing a Record Date for Action by Written Consent .  In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which date shall not be more than ten (10) days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors.  If no record date has been fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the board of directors is required by statute, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded.  Delivery made to the corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.  If no record date has been fixed by the board of directors and prior action by the board of directors is required by statute, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

Section 5.                                            Fixing a Record Date for Other Purposes .  In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment or any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purposes of any other lawful action, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty (60) days prior to such action.  If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

Section 6.                                            Registered Stockholders .  Prior to the surrender to the corporation of a certificate or certificates for a share or shares of certificated stock with a request to record the transfer of such share or shares, the corporation may treat the registered owner as the person entitled to receive dividends, to vote, to receive notifications, and otherwise to exercise all the rights and powers of an owner.  The corporation shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof.

16

Section 7.                                            Subscriptions for Stock .  Unless otherwise provided for in the subscription agreement, subscriptions for shares shall be paid in full at such time, or in such installments and at such times, as shall be determined by the board of directors.  Any call made by the board of directors for payment on subscriptions shall be uniform as to all shares of the same class or as to all shares of the same series.  In case of default in the payment of any installment or call when such payment is due, the corporation may proceed to collect the amount due in the same manner as any debt due the corporation.

ARTICLE VII.

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1.                                            Dividends .  Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation, subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, if any, may be declared by the board of directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law.  Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation.  Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or any other purpose and the directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.

Section 2.                                            Checks, Drafts or Orders .  All checks, drafts, or other orders for the payment of money by or to the corporation and all notes and other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers, agent or agents of the corporation, and in such manner, as shall be determined by resolution of the board of directors or a duly authorized committee thereof.

Section 3.                                            Contracts .  The board of directors may authorize any officer or officers, or any agent or agents, of the corporation to enter into any contract or to execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

Section 4.                                            Loans .  No loans shall be contracted on behalf of the corporation and no evidence of indebtedness shall be issued in its name unless authorized by a resolution of the board of directors.  Such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

Section 5.                                            Fiscal Year .  The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the board of directors.

Section 6.                                            Corporate Seal .  The board of directors shall provide a corporate seal which shall be in the form of a circle and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the corporation and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware”.  The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

Section 7.                                            Voting Securities Owned By Corporation .  Voting securities in any other corporation held by the corporation shall be voted by the chief executive officer, unless the board of directors specifically confers authority to vote with respect thereto, which authority may be

17

general or confined to specific instances, upon some other person or officer.  Any person authorized to vote securities shall have the power to appoint proxies, with general power of substitution.

Section 8.                                            Inspection of Books and Records .  Any stockholder of record, in person or by attorney or other agent, shall, upon written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof, have the right during the usual hours for business to inspect for any proper purpose the corporation’s stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records, and to make copies or extracts therefrom.  A proper purpose shall mean any purpose reasonably related to such person’s interest as a stockholder.  In every instance where an attorney or other agent shall be the person who seeks the right to inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or such other writing which authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on behalf of the stockholder.  The demand under oath shall be directed to the corporation at its registered office in the State of Delaware or at its principal place of business.

Section 9.                                            Section Headings .  Section headings in these bylaws are for convenience of reference only and shall not be given any substantive effect in limiting or otherwise construing any provision herein.

Section 10.                                     Inconsistent Provisions .  In the event that any provision of these bylaws is or becomes inconsistent with any provision of the certificate of incorporation, the Delaware General Corporation Law or any other applicable law, the provision of these bylaws shall not be given any effect to the extent of such inconsistency but shall otherwise be given full force and effect.

ARTICLE VIII.

FORUM FOR ADJUDICATION OF DISPUTES

Unless the corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the corporation to the corporation or the corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be a state or federal court located within the state of Delaware, in all cases subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants.

ARTICLE IX.

AMENDMENTS

These bylaws may be amended, altered, or repealed and new bylaws adopted at any meeting of the board of directors by a majority vote. The fact that the power to adopt, amend, alter, or repeal the bylaws has been conferred upon the board of directors shall not divest the stockholders of the same powers.

18

The undersigned, the secretary of the corporation, hereby certifies that the foregoing amended and restated bylaws were adopted by the directors of the corporation as of September 16, 2014.

19