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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F/A

(Amendment No. 1)

(Mark One)

REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

OR

SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report

Commission file number 001-37710

Hutchison China Meditech LIMITED

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

N/A

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Cayman Islands

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

48th Floor, Cheung Kong Center

2 Queen’s Road Central

Hong Kong

+852 2121 8200

(Address of principal executive offices)

Christian Hogg

Chief Executive Officer

Level 18, The Metropolis Tower

10 Metropolis Drive

Hunghom, Kowloon

Hong Kong

Telephone: +852 2121 8200

Facsimile: +852 2121 8281

(Name, telephone, email and/or facsimile number and address of Company contact person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

    

Trading Symbol(s)

    

Name of each exchange on which registered

American depositary shares, each representing five ordinary shares,
par value $0.10 per share

HCM

Nasdaq Global Select Market

Ordinary shares, par value $0.10 per share*

Nasdaq Global Select Market*

*Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing of American depositary shares on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the Annual Report:

666,906,450 ordinary shares were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes No

Note—checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,”“accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

†The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

Yes No

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP

International Financial Reporting Standards as issued
by the International Accounting Standards Board

Other 

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17   Item 18

If this is an Annual Report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). 

Yes   No

Table of Contents

EXPLANATORY NOTE

On April 27, 2020, the shareholders of Hutchison China MediTech Limited (the “Company”) approved by special resolution the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of the Company (the “New Memorandum and Articles”) in substitution of the existing memorandum and articles of association of the Company. To make it easier for shareholders to participate in future general meetings, the New Memorandum and Articles permit the Company to convene “hybrid” general meetings where shareholders have the option to attend and participate either in person (in a main location or in specified satellite locations) or virtually by electronic means. The New Memorandum and Articles also incorporate minor updates to reflect legislative changes and clerical amendments.

This Amendment No. 1 (“Amendment No. 1”) to the Company’s annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2019, originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 3, 2020 (the “2019 Form 20-F”), is being filed solely to add and file a complete copy of the New Memorandum and Articles as Exhibit 1.2, a description of the Company’s ordinary shares as Exhibit 2.4, a description of the Company’s American depositary shares as Exhibit 2.5, amend the exhibit index accordingly and update the certifications of the executive officers as of the date of this Amendment No. 1 in accordance with Rule 12b-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

This Amendment No. 1 speaks as of the filing date of the 2019 Form 20-F. Other than as set forth above, this Amendment No. 1 does not, and does not purport to, amend, update or restate any other information or disclosure included in the 2019 Form 20-F or reflect any events that have occurred since the filing date of the 2019 Form 20-F.

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ITEM 19. EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT INDEX

1.1

    

Memorandum and Articles of Association of Hutchison China MediTech Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-207447) filed with the SEC on October 16, 2015)

1.2*

Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of Hutchison China MediTech Limited

2.1

Form of Deposit Agreement by and among Hutchison China MediTech Limited, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, and all holders and beneficial owners of ADSs issued thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 4 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-207447) filed with the SEC on March 4, 2016)

2.2

Form of American Depositary Receipt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 4 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-207447) filed with the SEC on March 4, 2016)

2.3

Form of Specimen Certificate for Ordinary Shares (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Amendment No. 2 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-207447) filed with the SEC on February 11, 2016)

2.4*

Description of Ordinary Shares

2.5*

Description of American Depositary Shares

4.1#

License and Collaboration Agreement by and between Hutchison MediPharma Limited and AstraZeneca AB (publ) dated as of December 21, 2011(incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.1 to our annual report on Form 20F/A Aled with the SEC on May 30, 2019)

4.2#

Amended and Restated Exclusive License and Collaboration Agreement by and among Hutchison MediPharma Limited, Eli Lilly Trading (Shanghai) Company Limited and Hutchison China MediTech Limited dated as of October 8, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our annual report on Form 20F/A filed with the SEC on May 30, 2019)

4.3#

Joint Venture Agreement by and among Hutchison MediPharma (Hong Kong) Limited, Nestlé Health Science S.A., Nutrition Science Partners Limited and Hutchison China MediTech Limited dated as of November 27, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to our annual report on Form 20-F/A filed with the SEC on May 30, 2019)

4.4#

English translation of Sino-Foreign Joint Venture Contract by and between Guangzhou Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Holdings Company Limited and Hutchison Chinese Medicine (Guangzhou) Investment Limited dated as of November 28, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to our annual report on Form 20-F/A filed with the SEC on May 30, 2019)

4.5#

English translation of Sino-Foreign Joint Venture Contract by and between Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd. and Hutchison Chinese Medicine (Shanghai) Investment Limited dated as of January 6, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to our annual report on Form 20-F/A filed with the SEC on May 30, 2019)

4.6

English translation of First Amendment to Sino-Foreign Joint Venture Contract by and between Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd. and Hutchison Chinese Medicine (Shanghai) Investment Limited dated as of July 12, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-207447) filed with the SEC on October 16, 2015)

4.7

English translation of Second Amendment to Sino-Foreign Joint Venture Contract by and between Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Hutchison Chinese Medicine (HK) Investment Limited dated as of November 5, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-207447) filed with the SEC on October 16, 2015)

4.8

English translation of Third Amendment to Sino-Foreign Joint Venture Contract by and between Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Hutchison Chinese Medicine (HK) Investment Limited dated as of June 19, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-207447) filed with the SEC on October 16, 2015)

4.9#

English translation of Fourth Amendment to Sino-Foreign Joint Venture Contract by and between Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Hutchison Chinese Medicine (HK) Investment Limited dated as of March 8, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to our annual report on Form 20-F/A filed with the SEC on May 30, 2019)

4.10

English translation of Sino-Foreign Joint Venture Contract by and between Sinopharm Group Co. Ltd. and Hutchison Chinese Medicine GSP (HK) Holdings Limited dated as of December 18, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.11 to our annual report on Form 20-F/A filed with the SEC on May 30, 2019)

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Table of Contents

4.11

Form of Executive Employment Agreement for Hutchison China MediTech (HK) Limited executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-207447) filed with the SEC on October 16, 2015)

4.12

English translation of Form of Executive Employment Agreement for Hutchison MediPharma Limited executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-207447) filed with the SEC on October 16, 2015)

4.13

Form of Indemnification Agreement for Directors and Officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-207447) filed with the SEC on October 16, 2015)

4.14+

First Amendment to License and Collaboration Agreement by and between Hutchison MediPharma Limited and AstraZeneca (publ) dated as of August 1, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.19 to our annual report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC on March 13, 2017)

4.15#

First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Exclusive License and Collaboration Agreement by and among Lilly (Shanghai) Management Company Limited, Hutchison MediPharma Limited and Hutchison China MediTech Limited dated as of December 18, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.16 to our annual report on Form 20-F/A filed with the SEC on May 2, 2019)

8.1**

List of Significant Subsidiaries of the Company

12.1*

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Required by Rule 13a-14(a)

12.2*

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Required by Rule 13a-14(a)

13.1**

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code

13.2**

Certification of Acting Chief Financial Officer Required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code

15.1**

Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers, an independent registered accounting firm, regarding the consolidated financial statements of Hutchison China MediTech Limited

15.2**

Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers, an independent registered accounting firm, regarding the consolidated financial statements of Nutrition Science Partners Limited

15.3**

Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP, independent accountants, regarding the consolidated financial statements of Shanghai Hutchison Pharmaceuticals Limited

15.4**

Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP, independent accountants, regarding the consolidated financial statements of Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Company Limited

15.5**

Consent of Conyers Dill & Pearman

101.INS**

XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH**

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL**

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.LAB**

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE**

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

101.DEF**

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document

104*

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

*     Filed herewith.

**   Previously filed.

+     Confidential treatment previously requested and granted as to portions of the exhibit. Confidential materials have been submitted separately to the SEC.

#     Portions of the exhibit have been omitted because they are both (i) not material and (ii) would likely cause competitive harm to the company if publicly disclosed.

4

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing this Amendment No. 1 to the annual report on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Amendment No. 1 on its behalf.

Hutchison China MediTech Limited

By:

/s/ CHRISTIAN HOGG

Name:

Christian Hogg

Title:

Chief Executive Officer

Date: April 29, 2020

5

Exhibit 1.2

 

HUTCHISON CHINA MEDITECH LIMITED

和黃中國醫藥科技有限公司

 

 

 

 

 

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

 

MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

 

(Adopted by special resolution passed on 27 April 2020)

 

 

 

THE COMPANIES LAW (REVISED)

 

OF THE CAYMAN ISLANDS

 

COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES

 

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION OF

HUTCHISON CHINA MEDITECH LIMITED

和黃中國醫藥科技有限公司

 

(adopted by special resolution passed on 27 April 2020)

 

1.         The name of the Company is Hutchison China MediTech Limited 和黃中國醫藥科技有限公司.

 

2.         The Registered Office of the Company shall be at the offices of Maples and Calder, Attorneys-at-Law, P.O. Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands, or at such other place as the Directors may from time to time decide.

 

3.         The objects for which the Company is established are unrestricted and shall include, but without limitation, the following:

 

(i)      (a)     To carry on the business of an investment company and to act  as promoters and entrepreneurs and to carry on business as financiers, capitalists, concessionaires, merchants, brokers, traders, dealers, agents, importers and exporters and to undertake and carry on and execute all kinds of investment, financial, commercial, mercantile, trading and other operations.

 

(b)     To carry on whether as principals, agents or otherwise howsoever the business of realtors, developers, consultants, estate agents or managers, builders, contractors, engineers, manufacturers, dealers in or vendors of all types of property including services.

 

(ii)              To exercise and enforce all rights and powers conferred by or incidental to the ownership of any shares, stock, obligations or other securities including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing all such powers of veto or control as may be conferred by virtue of the holding by the Company of some special proportion of the issued or nominal amount thereof, to provide managerial and other executive supervisory and consultant services for or in relation to any company in which the Company is interested upon such terms as may be thought fit.

 

(iii)             To purchase or otherwise acquire, to sell, exchange, surrender, lease, mortgage, charge, convert, turn to account, dispose of and deal with real and personal property and rights of all kinds and, in particular, mortgages, debentures, produce, concessions, options, contracts, patents, annuities, licences, stocks, shares, bonds, policies, book debts, business concerns, undertakings, claims, privileges and choses in action of all kinds.

 

1

(iv)                 To subscribe for, conditionally or unconditionally, to underwrite, issue on commission or otherwise, take, hold, deal in and convert stocks, shares and securities of all kinds and to enter into partnership or into any arrangement for sharing profits, reciprocal concessions or cooperation with any person or company and to promote and aid in promoting, to constitute, form or organise any company, syndicate or partnership of any kind, for the purpose of acquiring and undertaking any property and liabilities of the Company or of advancing, directly or indirectly, the objects of the Company or for any other purpose which the Company may think expedient.

 

(v)                  To stand surety for or to guarantee, support or secure the performance of all or any of the obligations of any person, firm or company whether or not related or affiliated to the Company in any manner and whether by personal covenant or by mortgage, charge or lien upon the whole or any part of the undertaking, property and assets of the Company, both present and future, including its uncalled capital or by any such method and whether or not the Company shall receive valuable consideration therefor.

 

(vi)                 To engage in or carry on any other lawful trade, business or enterprise which may at any time appear to the Directors of the Company capable of being conveniently carried on in conjunction with any of the aforementioned businesses or activities or which may appear to the Directors of the Company likely to be profitable to the Company.

 

In the interpretation of this Memorandum of Association in general and of this Clause 3 in particular no object, business or power specified or mentioned shall be limited or restricted by reference to or inference from any other object, business or power, or the name of the Company, or by the juxtaposition of two or more objects, businesses or powers and that, in the event of any ambiguity in this clause or elsewhere in this Memorandum of Association, the same shall be resolved by such interpretation and construction as will widen and enlarge and not restrict the objects, businesses and powers of and exercisable by the Company.

 

4.         Except as prohibited or limited by the Companies Law, the Company shall have full power and authority to carry out any object and shall have and be capable of from time to time and at all times exercising any and all of the powers at any time or from time to time exercisable by a natural person or body corporate in doing in any part of the world whether as principal, agent, contractor or otherwise  whatever  may be considered by it necessary for the attainment of its objects and whatever else may be considered by it as incidental or conducive thereto or consequential thereon, including, but without in any way restricting the generality of the foregoing, the power to make any alterations or amendments to this Memorandum of Association and the Articles of Association of the Company considered necessary or convenient in the manner set out in the Articles of Association of the Company, and the power to do any of the following acts or things, viz:

 

2

to pay all expenses of and incidental to the promotion, formation and incorporation of the Company; to register the Company to do business in any other jurisdiction; to sell, lease or dispose of any property of the Company; to draw, make, accept, endorse, discount, execute and issue promissory notes, debentures, bills of exchange, bills of lading, warrants and other negotiable or transferable instruments; to lend money or other assets and to act as guarantors; to borrow or raise money on the security of the undertaking or on all or  any of the assets of the Company including uncalled capital or without security; to invest monies of the Company in such manner as the Directors determine; to promote other companies; to sell the undertaking of  the Company  for cash or any other consideration; to distribute assets in specie to Members of the Company; to make charitable or benevolent donations; to pay pensions or gratuities or provide other benefits in cash or kind to Directors, officers, employees, past or present and their families; to purchase Directors and officers liability insurance and to carry on any trade or business and generally to do all acts and things which, in the opinion of the Company or the Directors, may be conveniently or profitably or usefully acquired and dealt with, carried on, executed or done by the Company in connection  with  the business aforesaid PROVIDED THAT the Company shall only carry on the businesses for which a licence is required under the laws of the Cayman Islands when so licensed under the terms of such laws.

 

5.         The liability of each Member is limited to the amount from time to time unpaid on such Member's shares.

 

6.         The share capital of the Company is US$150,000,000 divided into 1,500,000,000 shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.10 each with power for the Company insofar as is permitted by law, to redeem or purchase any of its shares and to increase or reduce the said capital subject to the provisions of the Companies Law and the Articles of Association and to issue any part of its capital, whether original, redeemed or increased with or without any preference, priority or special privilege or subject to any postponement of rights or to any conditions or restrictions and so that unless the conditions of issue shall otherwise expressly declare every issue of shares whether declared to be preference or otherwise shall be subject to the powers hereinbefore contained.

 

7.         If the Company is registered as exempted, its operations will be carried on subject to the provisions of Section 193 of the Companies Law and, subject to the provisions of the Companies Law and the Articles of Association, it shall have the power to register by way of continuation as a body corporate limited by shares under the laws of any jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands and to be deregistered in the Cayman Islands.

 

 

 

3

 

The Companies Law (Revised)

Company Limited by Shares

 

 

 

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

 

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

 

 

 

 

OF

 

 

 

 

Hutchison China MediTech Limited 和黃中國醫藥科技有限公司

adopted by special resolution passed on 27 April 2020

 

 

INDEX

 

 

 

SUBJECT

Article No.

Table A

1

Interpretation

2

Share Capital

3

Alteration Of Capital

4-7

Share Rights

8-9

Variation Of Rights

10-11

Shares

12-15

Share Certificates

16-22

Lien

23-25

Calls On Shares

26-34

Forfeiture Of Shares

35-43

Register Of Members

44-45

Record Dates

46

Transfer Of Shares

47-54

Transmission Of Shares

55-57

Untraceable Members

58

General Meetings

59-61

Form of General Meetings

61A

Attendance and Participation at Different Places and by Electronic Means

61B

Notice Of General Meetings

62-63

Proceedings At General Meetings

64-68

Voting

69-81

Proxies

82-87

Corporations Acting By Representatives

88

Written Resolutions Of Members

89

Board Of Directors

90

Retirement Of Directors

91-92

Disqualification Of Directors

93

Executive Directors

94-95

Alternate Directors

96-99

Directors' Fees And Expenses

100-103

Directors' Interests

104-107A

General Powers Of The Directors

108-113

Borrowing Powers

114-117

Proceedings Of The Directors

118-127

Managers

128-130

Officers

131-134

Register of Directors and Officers

135

Minutes

136

Seal

137

Authentication Of Documents

138

Destruction Of Documents

139

Dividends And Other Payments

140-149

Reserves

150

Capitalisation

151-152

 

 

 

 

 

 

Security Arrangements, Orderly Conduct And Confidential Information

153

Accounting Records

154-158

Audit

159-164

Notices

165-167

Signatures

168

Winding Up

169-170

Indemnity

171

Amendment to Memorandum and Articles of Association And Name of Company

172

Information

173

 

 

 

 

TABLE A

 

1.          The regulations in Table A in the Schedule to the Companies Law (Revised) do not apply to the Company.

 

INTERPRETATION

 

2.          (1)     In these Articles, unless the context otherwise requires, the words standing in the first column of the following table shall bear the meaning set opposite them respectively in the second column.

 

 

 

WORD

MEANING

 

 

“AIM Rules”

the Rules of the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange, as amended from time to time;

 

 

“Articles”

these Articles in their present form or as supplemented or amended or substituted from time to time;

 

 

“Auditor”

the auditor of the Company for the time being and may include any individual or partnership;

 

 

“Board” or “Directors”

the board of directors of the Company or the directors present at a meeting of directors of the Company at which a quorum is present;

 

 

“capital”

the share capital from time to time of the Company;

 

 

“clear days”

in relation to the period of a notice that period excluding the day when the notice is given or deemed to be given and the day for which it is given or on which it is to take effect;

 

 

“Company”

Hutchison China MediTech Limited 和黃中國醫藥科技有限公司;

 

 

“competent regulatory authority”

a competent regulatory authority in the territory where the shares of the Company are listed or quoted on a stock exchange in such territory;

 

 

“CREST”

the relevant system (as defined in the CREST Regulations) which enables title to securities to be evidenced and transferred without a written instrument, administered by Euroclear UK & Ireland as the Operator (as defined in the CREST Regulations);

 

 

“CREST Regulations”

the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001 (SI 2001 No 3755), as amended, and any applicable rules made under those regulations;

 

 

“debenture” and “debenture holder”

include debenture stock and debenture stockholder respectively;

 

 

 

1

 

 

“electronic facilities”

has the meaning given to it in article 61A(3)(b);

 

 

“Employees’ Share Scheme”

For the purposes of these Articles an employees' share scheme is a scheme for encouraging or facilitating the holding of shares or debentures in the Company by or for the benefit of –

 

 

 

(a)  the bona fide employees or former employees of the Company, a subsidiary of the Company or a holding company or a subsidiary of the Company's holding company; or

 

 

 

(b)  the wives, husbands, widows, widowers or children or step-children under the age of 18 of such employees or former employees;

 

 

“English Act”

the Companies Act 2006 of England and Wales, including any statutory re-enactment or modification thereof;

 

 

“Equity Shares”

means any share in the capital of the Company other than shares which as respects dividends carry a right to participate only up to a specified amount in a distribution;

 

 

“head office”

such office of the Company as the Directors may from time to time determine to be the principal office of the Company;

 

 

“hybrid meeting”

a general meeting held and conducted by either or both: (i) physical attendance by Members and/or proxies at one or more places specified by the Directors and (ii) attendance and participation by electronic means by Members and/or proxies;

 

 

“Law”

The Companies Law, Cap. 22 (Law 3 of 1961, as consolidated and revised) of the Cayman Islands;

 

 

“London Stock Exchange”

means London Stock Exchange plc;

 

 

“Member”

a duly registered holder from time to time of the shares in the capital of the Company;

 

 

“month”

a calendar month;

 

 

“Notice”

written notice unless otherwise specifically stated and as further defined in these Articles;

 

 

“Office”

the registered office of the Company for the time being;

 

 

“ordinary resolution”

a resolution shall be an ordinary resolution when it has been passed by a simple majority of votes cast by such Members as, being entitled so to do, vote in person or, in the case of any Member being a corporation, by its duly authorised representative or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting of which not less than fourteen (14) clear days’ Notice has been duly given;

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

“paid up”

paid up or credited as paid up;

 

 

“physical meeting”

a general meeting held and conducted by physical attendance by Members and/or proxies at one or more places specified by the Directors;

 

 

“Register”

the principal register and where applicable, any branch register of Members to be maintained at such place within or outside the Cayman Islands as the Board shall determine from time to time;

 

 

“Registration Office”

in respect of any class of share capital such place as the Board may from time to time determine to keep a branch register of Members in respect of that class of share capital and where (except in cases where the Board otherwise directs) the transfers or other documents of title for such class of share capital are to be lodged for registration and are to be registered;

 

 

“Regulations”

means the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 1995 (SI 1995 No 95/3272) relating to the operation of CREST in the UK, being the paperless settlement of trades and the holdings of uncertificated shares of which CREST & Co Limited is the operator;

 

 

“Relevant System”

means a computer-based system and procedures which enable title to units of a security to be evidenced and transferred without a written instrument and which facilitate supplementary and incidental matters;

 

 

“satellite location”

has the meaning given to it in article 61B(1);

 

 

“Seal”

common seal or any one or more duplicate seals of the Company (including a securities seal) for use in the Cayman Islands or in any place outside the Cayman Islands;

 

 

“Secretary”

any person, firm or corporation appointed by the Board to perform any of the duties of secretary of the Company and includes any assistant, deputy, temporary or acting secretary;

 

 

 

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“special resolution”

a resolution shall be a special resolution when it has been passed by a majority of not less than three‑fourths of votes cast by such Members as, being entitled so to do, vote in person or, in the case of such Members as are corporations, by their respective duly authorised representative or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting of which not less than twenty-one (21) clear days’ Notice, specifying (without prejudice to the power contained in these Articles to amend the same) the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution, has been duly given. Provided that, except in the case of an annual general meeting, if it is so agreed by a majority in number of the Members having the right to attend and vote at any such meeting, being a majority together holding not less than ninety-five (95) per cent. in nominal value of the shares giving that right and in the case of an annual general meeting, if it is so agreed by all Members entitled to attend and vote thereat, a resolution may be proposed and passed as a special resolution at a meeting of which less than twenty-one (21) clear days’ Notice has been given;

 

 

 

a special resolution shall be effective for any purpose for which an ordinary resolution is expressed to be required under any provision of these Articles or the Statutes;

 

 

“Specified Place”

has the meaning given to it in article 61B(1);

 

 

“Statutes”

the Law and every other law of the Legislature of the Cayman Islands for the time being in force applying to or affecting the Company, its memorandum of association and/or these Articles;

 

 

“Subsidiary and Holding Company”

the meanings attributed to them in the rules of the London Stock Exchange;

 

 

“year”

a calendar year;

 

 

“£”

the legal currency of the United Kingdom; and

 

 

“US$” and “dollars”

the legal currency of the United States of America.

 

(2)         In these Articles, unless there be something within the subject or context inconsistent with such construction:

 

(a)      words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa;

 

(b)      words importing a gender include both gender and the neuter;

 

(c)      words importing persons include companies, associations and bodies of persons whether corporate or not;

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(d)      the words:

 

(i)          “may” shall be construed as permissive;

(ii)         “shall” or “will” shall be construed as imperative;

 

(e)      expressions referring to writing shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be construed as including printing, lithography, photography and other modes of representing words or figures in a visible form, and including where the representation takes the form of electronic display, provided that both the mode of service of the relevant document or notice and the Member's election comply with all applicable Statutes, rules and regulations;

 

(f)      references to any law, ordinance, statute or statutory provision shall be interpreted as relating to any statutory modification or re-enactment thereof for the time being in force;

 

(g)      save as aforesaid words and expressions defined in the Statutes shall bear the same meanings in these Articles if not inconsistent with the subject in the context;

 

(h)      references to a document being executed include references to it being executed under hand or under seal or by electronic signature or by any other method and references to a notice or document include a notice or document recorded or stored in any digital, electronic, electrical, magnetic or other retrievable form or medium and information in visible form whether having physical substance or not; and

 

(i)      Section 8 and Section 19 of the Electronic Transactions Law (2003) of the Cayman Islands, as amended from time to time, shall not apply to these Articles to the extent it imposes obligations or requirements in addition to those set out in these Articles.

 

 

SHARE CAPITAL

 

3.         (1)         As at the date of adoption of these Articles the authorised capital of the Company is US$150,000,000 divided into 1,500,000,000 Ordinary shares of a par value of US$0.10 each.

 

(2)         Subject to the Law, the Company's Memorandum and Articles of Association and, where applicable, the AIM Rules and/or any competent regulatory authority, any power of the Company to purchase or otherwise acquire its own shares shall be exercisable by the Board in such manner, upon such terms and subject to such conditions as it thinks fit. The Company is hereby authorised to make payments in respect of the purchase of its shares out of capital or out of any other account or fund which can be authorised for this purpose in accordance with the Law.

 

(3)         Except as allowed by the Law and subject further to compliance with the AIM Rules and any other relevant regulatory authority the Company shall not give financial assistance for the purpose of or in connection with a purchase made or to be made by any person of any shares in the Company.

 

(4)        No share shall be issued to bearer.

 

 

ALTERATION OF CAPITAL

 

4.          The Company may from time to time by ordinary resolution in accordance with the Law alter the conditions of its Memorandum of Association to:

 

(a)         increase its capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such amounts, as the resolution shall prescribe;

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(b)         consolidate and divide all or any of its capital into shares of larger amount than its existing shares;

 

(c)         divide its shares into several classes and without prejudice to any special rights previously conferred on the holders of existing shares attach thereto respectively any preferential, deferred, qualified or special rights, privileges, conditions or such restrictions which in the absence of any such determination by the Company in general meeting, as the Directors may determine provided always that where the Company issues shares which do not carry voting rights, the words "non-voting" shall appear in the designation of such shares and where the equity capital includes shares with different voting rights, the designation of each class of shares, other than those with the most favourable voting rights, must include the words “restricted voting” or “limited voting”;

 

(d)         sub-divide its shares, or any of them, into shares of smaller amount than is fixed by the memorandum of association (subject, nevertheless, to the Law), and may by such resolution determine that, as between the holders of the shares resulting from such sub-division, one or more of the shares may have any such preferred, deferred or other rights or be subject to any such restrictions as compared with the other or others as the Company has power to attach to unissued or new shares;

 

(e)         cancel any shares which, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken, or agreed to be taken, by any person, and diminish the amount of its capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled or, in the case of shares, without par value, diminish the number of shares into which its capital is divided.

 

5.          The Board may settle as it considers expedient any difficulty which arises in relation to any consolidation and division under the last preceding Article and in particular but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing may issue certificates in respect of fractions of shares or arrange for the sale of the shares representing fractions and the distribution of the net proceeds of sale (after deduction of the expenses of such sale) in due proportion amongst the Members who would have been entitled to the fractions, and for this purpose the Board may authorise some person to transfer the shares representing fractions to their purchaser or resolve that such net proceeds be paid to the Company for the Company's benefit. Such purchaser will not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money nor will his title to the shares be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings relating to the sale.

 

6.         The Company may from time to time by special resolution, subject to any confirmation or consent required by the Law, reduce its share capital or any capital redemption reserve or other undistributable reserve in any manner permitted by law.

 

7.          Except so far as otherwise provided by the conditions of issue, or by these Articles, any capital raised by the creation of new shares shall be treated as if it formed part of the original capital of the Company, and such shares shall be subject to the provisions contained in these Articles with reference to the payment of calls and instalments, transfer and transmission, forfeiture, lien, cancellation, surrender, voting and otherwise.

 

 

SHARE RIGHTS

 

8.          (1)     Subject to the provisions of the Law and the Memorandum and Articles of Association and to any special rights conferred on the holders of any shares or class of shares, any share in the Company (whether forming part of the present capital or not) may be issued with or have attached thereto such rights or restrictions whether in regard to dividend, voting, return of capital or otherwise as the Company may by ordinary resolution determine or, if there has not been any such determination or so far as the same shall not make specific provision, as the Board may determine.

 

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(2)        Subject to the provisions of the Law, the AIM Rules and the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company, and to any special rights conferred on the holders of any shares or attaching to any class of shares, shares may be issued on the terms that they may be, or at the option of the Company or the holder are, liable to be redeemed on such terms and in such manner, including out of capital, as the Board may deem fit.

 

9.          Subject to the Law, any preference shares may be issued or converted into shares that, at a determinable date or at the option of the Company or the holder if so authorised by its memorandum of association, are liable to be redeemed on such terms and in such manner as the Company before the issue or conversion may by ordinary resolution of the Members determine.

 

 

VARIATION OF RIGHTS

 

10.        Subject to the Law and without prejudice to Article 8, all or any of the special rights for the time being attached to the shares or any class of shares may, unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, from time to time (whether or not the Company is being wound up) be varied, modified or abrogated either with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than three-fourths in nominal value of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. To every such separate general meeting all the provisions of these Articles relating to general meetings of the Company shall, mutatis mutandis, apply, but so that:

 

(a)        the necessary quorum (other than at an adjourned meeting) shall be two persons (or in the case of a Member being a corporation, its duly authorized representative) and at any adjourned meeting of such holders, two holders present in person (or in the case of a Member being a corporation, its duly authorized representative) or by proxy (whatever the number of shares held by them) shall be a quorum;

 

(b)        every holder of shares of the class shall be entitled on a poll to one vote for every such share held by him; and

 

(c)        any holder of shares of the class present in person or by proxy or authorised representative may demand a poll.

 

11.        The special rights conferred upon the holders of any shares or class of shares shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided in the rights attaching to or the terms of issue of such shares, be deemed to be varied, modified or abrogated by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu therewith.

 

 

SHARES

 

12.        (1)     Subject to the Law, these Articles (and in particular Article 12(3)) and, where applicable, the AIM Rules and without prejudice to any special rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any shares or any class of shares, the unissued shares of the Company (whether forming part of the original or any increased capital) shall be at the disposal of the Board, which may offer, allot, grant options over or otherwise dispose of them to such persons, at such times and for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as the Board may in its absolute discretion determine but so that no shares shall be issued at a discount. Neither the Company nor the Board shall be obliged, when making or granting any allotment of, offer of, option over or disposal of shares, to make, or make available, any such allotment, offer, option or shares to Members or others with registered addresses in any particular territory or territories being a territory or territories where, in the absence of a registration statement or other special formalities, this would or might, in the opinion of the Board, be unlawful or impracticable. Members affected as a result of the foregoing sentence shall not be, or be deemed to be, a separate class of members for any purpose whatsoever.

 

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(2)         The Board may issue warrants or convertible securities or securities of similar nature conferring the right upon the holders thereof to subscribe for any class of shares or securities in the capital of the Company on such terms as it may from time to time determine.

 

(3)         (a)     Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles the Board shall not exercise any power of the Company to allot relevant securities, unless they are, authorised to do so by ordinary resolution of the Company in general meeting.

 

(b)          In these Articles “relevant securities” means-

 

(i)          shares in the Company other than shares shown in the memorandum to have been taken by the subscribers to it or shares allotted in pursuance of an Employees' Share Scheme; and

 

(ii)         any right to subscribe for, or to convert any security into, shares in the Company (other than shares so allotted);

 

and a reference to the allotment of relevant securities includes the grant of such a right but not the allotment of shares pursuant to such a right.

 

(c)         Authority under this Article may be given for a particular exercise of the power or for its exercise generally, and may be unconditional or subject to conditions.

 

(d)        In relation to the grant of such rights as are mentioned in sub-paragraph (b) (ii) of this Article the maximum amount of relevant securities that may be allotted under an authority given pursuant to this Article shall be treated as a reference to the maximum amount of shares which may be allotted pursuant to the rights.

 

(e)        The Board may allot relevant securities, notwithstanding that any authority given under this Article has expired, if they are allotted in pursuance of an offer or agreement made by the Company before the authority expired.

 

(f)        Nothing in this Article shall affect the validity of any allotment.

 

(4)        Unless the Company by special resolution directs otherwise, any new Equity Shares will be offered by the Directors for subscription to the holders of the Equity Shares in such proportions as equal (as nearly as possible) the proportion of Equity Shares held by them respectively at that time. For the purpose of this Article, all Equity Shares will be treated as one class of share and the provisions of the penultimate sentence of Article 12(1) shall apply to any such offer.

 

(5)        The offer will be made by notice specifying the number and class of shares offered, the price per share, and a time (being not less than fourteen (14) days) within which the offer, if not accepted, will be deemed to be declined.

 

(6)        Any shares not taken up at the end of the procedure set out in Article 12(5) may be offered by the Directors to a third party and such shares will be at the disposal of the Directors who may, subject to Article 12(3), allot, grant options over or otherwise dispose of them to such persons at such times and generally on such terms as they think fit. However:

 

(a)         no Shares will be issued at a discount;

 

(b)         no Shares will be issued more than three (3) months after the end of the period for acceptance of the last offer of such Shares under Article (5) unless the procedure set out in those Articles is repeated in respect of such Shares; and

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(c)         no Shares will be issued on terms which are more favourable than those on which they were offered to the Members.

 

(7)        The provisions of Articles 12(4) to 12(6) will not apply to a particular allotment of Equity Shares if these are, or are to be:

 

(a)        wholly or partly paid up otherwise than in cash; or

 

(b)        issued in connection with or pursuant to an Employees' Share Scheme but otherwise will apply to all Equity Shares of the Company which may be issued from time to time.

 

(8)        If, due to any inequality between the number of new shares to be issued and the number of shares held by Members entitled to have the offer of new shares made to them, any difficulty arises in the apportionment of any such new shares amongst the Members, such difficulties will be determined by the Board.

 

13.        The Company may in connection with the issue of any shares exercise all powers of paying commission and brokerage conferred or permitted by the Law. Subject to the Law, the commission may be satisfied by the payment of cash or by the allotment of fully or partly paid shares or partly in one and partly in the other.

 

14.        Except as required by law, no person shall be recognised by the Company as holding any share upon any trust and the Company shall not be bound by or required in any way to recognise (even when having notice thereof) any equitable, contingent, future or partial interest in any share or any fractional part of a share or (except only as otherwise provided by these Articles or by law) any other rights in respect of any share except an absolute right to the entirety thereof in the registered holder.

 

15.        Subject to the Law and these Articles, the Board may at any time after the allotment of shares but before any person has been entered in the Register as the holder, recognise a renunciation thereof by the allottee in favour of some other person and may accord to any allottee of a share a right to effect such renunciation upon and subject to such terms and conditions as the Board considers fit to impose.

 

 

SHARE CERTIFICATES

 

16.        Every share certificate shall be issued under the Seal or the signature of a single director (or in either case a facsimile thereof) and shall specify the number and class and distinguishing numbers (if any) of the shares to which it relates, and the amount paid up thereon and may otherwise be in such form as the Directors may from time to time determine. No certificate shall be issued representing shares of more than one class. The Board may by resolution determine, either generally or in any particular case or cases, that any signatures on any such certificates (or certificates in respect of other securities) need not be autographic but may be affixed to such certificates by some mechanical means or may be printed thereon.

 

17.        (1)     In the case of a share held jointly by several persons, the Company shall not be bound to issue more than one certificate therefor and delivery of a certificate to one of several joint holders shall be sufficient delivery to all such holders.

 

(2)    Where a share stands in the names of two or more persons, the person first named in the Register shall as regards service of notices and, subject to the provisions of these Articles, all or any other matters connected with the Company, except the transfer of the shares, be deemed the sole holder thereof.

 

18.        Every person whose name is entered, upon an allotment of shares, as a Member in the Register shall be entitled, without payment, to receive one certificate for all such shares of any one class or several certificates each for one or more of such shares of such class upon payment for every certificate after the first of such reasonable out-of-pocket expenses as the Board from time to time determines.

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19.        Share certificates shall be issued within the relevant time limit as prescribed by the Law or the AIM Rules, whichever is the shorter, after allotment or, except in the case of a transfer which the Company is for the time being entitled to refuse to register and does not register, after lodgment of a transfer with the Company.

 

20.        Upon every transfer of shares the certificate held by the transferor shall be given up to be cancelled, and shall forthwith be cancelled accordingly, and a new certificate shall be issued to the transferee in respect of the shares transferred to him.  If any of the shares included in the certificate so given up shall be retained by the transferor a new certificate for the balance shall be issued to him.

 

21.        If a share certificate shall be damaged or defaced or alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed a new certificate representing the same shares may be issued to the relevant Member upon request and on payment of such fee as prescribed in the AIM Rules to be the maximum fee payable or such lesser sum as the Board may determine and, subject to compliance with such terms (if any) as to evidence and indemnity and to payment of the costs and reasonable out-of-pocket expenses of the Company in investigating such evidence and preparing such indemnity as the Board may think fit and, in case of damage or defacement, on delivery of the old certificate to the Company provided always that where share warrants have been issued, no new share warrant shall be issued to replace one that has been lost unless the Directors are satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the original has been destroyed.

 

22.        Notwithstanding anything herein contained, any class of shares may be held in uncertificated form and, if permitted by the Law, the transfer of title to such shares may be and in accordance with such regulations as the Board may determine from time to time. Any provision in these Articles which is in any respect inconsistent with the holding of shares of any class in uncertificated form and transfer of title to such shares shall not apply.

 

 

LIEN

 

23.        The Company shall have a first and paramount lien on every share (not being a fully paid share) for all moneys (whether presently payable or not) called or payable at a fixed time in respect of that share. The Company shall also have a first and paramount lien on every share (not being a fully paid share) registered in the name of a Member (whether or not jointly with other Members) for all amounts of money presently payable by such Member or his estate to the Company whether the same shall have been incurred before or after notice to the Company of any equitable or other interest of any person other than such member, and whether the period for the payment or discharge of the same shall have actually arrived or not, and notwithstanding that the same are joint debts or liabilities of such Member or his estate and any other person, whether a Member of the Company or not. The Company's lien on a share shall extend to all dividends or other moneys payable thereon or in respect thereof. The Board may at any time, generally or in any particular case, waive any lien that has arisen or declare any share exempt in whole or in part, from the provisions of this Article.

 

24.        Subject to these Articles, the Company may sell in such manner as the Board determines any share on which the Company has a lien, but no sale shall be made unless some sum in respect of which the lien exists is presently payable, or the liability or engagement in respect of which such lien exists is liable to be presently fulfilled or discharged nor until the expiration of fourteen (14) clear days after a notice in writing, stating and demanding payment of the sum presently payable, or specifying the liability or engagement and demanding fulfilment or discharge thereof and giving notice of the intention to sell in default, has been served on the registered holder for the time being of the share or the person entitled thereto by reason of his death or bankruptcy.

 

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25.        The net proceeds of the sale shall be received by the Company and applied in or towards payment or discharge of the debt or liability in respect of which the lien exists, so far as the same is presently payable, and any residue shall (subject to a like lien for debts or liabilities not presently payable as existed upon the share prior to the sale) be paid to the person entitled to the share at the time of the sale.  To give effect to any such sale the Board may authorise some person to transfer the shares sold to the purchaser thereof.  The purchaser shall be registered as the holder of the shares so transferred and he shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money, nor shall his title to the shares be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings relating to the sale.

 

 

CALLS ON SHARES

 

26.        Subject to these Articles and to the terms of allotment, the Board may from time to time make calls upon the Members in respect of any moneys unpaid on their shares (whether on account of the nominal value of the shares or by way of premium), and each Member shall (subject to being given at least fourteen (14) clear days' Notice specifying the time and place of payment) pay to the Company as required by such notice the amount called on his shares. A call may be extended, postponed or revoked in whole or in part as the Board determines but no member shall be entitled to any such extension, postponement or revocation except as a matter of grace and favour.

 

27.        A call shall be deemed to have been made at the time when the resolution of the Board authorising the call was passed and may be made payable either in one lump sum or by instalments.

 

28.        A person upon whom a call is made shall remain liable for calls made upon him notwithstanding the subsequent transfer of the shares in respect of which the call was made. The joint holders of a share shall be jointly and severally liable to pay all calls and instalments due in respect thereof or other moneys due in respect thereof.

 

29.        If a sum called in respect of a share is not paid before or on the day appointed for payment thereof, the person from whom the sum is due shall pay interest on the amount unpaid from the day appointed for payment thereof to the time of actual payment at such rate (not exceeding twenty per cent. (20%) per annum) as the Board may determine, but the Board may in its absolute discretion waive payment of such interest wholly or in part.

 

30.        No Member shall be entitled to receive any dividend or bonus or to be present and vote (save as proxy for another Member) at any general meeting either personally or by proxy, or be reckoned in a quorum, or exercise any other privilege as a Member until all calls or instalments due by him to the Company, whether alone or jointly with any other person, together with interest and expenses (if any) shall have been paid.

 

31.        On the trial or hearing of any action or other proceedings for the recovery of any money due for any call, it shall be sufficient to prove that the name of the Member sued is entered in the Register as the holder, or one of the holders, of the shares in respect of which such debt accrued, that the resolution making the call is duly recorded in the minute book, and that notice of such call was duly given to the Member sued, in pursuance of these Articles; and it shall not be necessary to prove the appointment of the Directors who made such call, nor any other matters whatsoever, but the proof of the matters aforesaid shall be conclusive evidence of the debt.

 

32.        Any amount payable in respect of a share upon allotment or at any fixed date, whether in respect of nominal value or premium or as an instalment of a call, shall be deemed to be a call duly made and payable on the date fixed for payment and if it is not paid the provisions of these Articles shall apply as if that amount had become due and payable by virtue of a call duly made and notified.

 

33.        On the issue of shares the Board may differentiate between the allottees or holders as to the amount of calls to be paid and the times of payment.

 

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34.        The Board may, if it thinks fit, receive from any Member willing to advance the same, and either in money or money's worth, all or any part of the moneys uncalled and unpaid or instalments payable upon any shares held by him and upon all or any of the moneys so advanced (until the same would, but for such advance, become presently payable) pay interest at such rate (if any) as the Board may decide. The Board may at any time repay the amount so advanced upon giving to such Member not less than one (1) month's Notice of its intention in that behalf, unless before the expiration of such notice the amount so advanced shall have been called up on the shares in respect of which it was advanced. Such payment in advance shall not entitle the holder of such share or shares to participate in respect thereof in a dividend subsequently declared.

 

 

FORFEITURE OF SHARES

 

35.       (1)     If a call remains unpaid after it has become due and payable the Board may give to the person from whom it is due not less than fourteen (14) clear days' Notice:

 

(a)              requiring payment of the amount unpaid together with any interest which may have accrued and which may still accrue up to the date of actual payment; and

 

(b)              stating that if the Notice is not complied with the shares on which the call was made will be liable to be forfeited.

 

(2)    If the requirements of any such Notice are not complied with, any share in respect of which such Notice has been given may at any time thereafter, before payment of all calls and interest due in respect thereof has been made, be forfeited by a resolution of the Board to that effect, and such forfeiture shall include all dividends and bonuses declared in respect of the forfeited share but not actually paid before the forfeiture.

 

36.        When any share has been forfeited, notice of the forfeiture shall be served upon the person who was before forfeiture the holder of the share. No forfeiture shall be invalidated by any omission or neglect to give such Notice.

 

37.        The Board may accept the surrender of any share liable to be forfeited hereunder and, in such case, references in these Articles to forfeiture will include surrender.

 

38.        Any share so forfeited shall be deemed the property of the Company and may be sold, re-allotted or otherwise disposed of to such person, upon such terms and in such manner as the Board determines, and at any time before a sale, re-allotment or disposition the forfeiture may be annulled by the Board on such terms as the Board determines.

 

39.        A person whose shares have been forfeited shall cease to be a Member in respect of the forfeited shares but nevertheless shall remain liable to pay the Company all moneys which at the date of forfeiture were presently payable by him to the Company in respect of the shares, with (if the Directors shall in their discretion so require) interest thereon from the date of forfeiture until payment at such rate (not exceeding twenty per cent. (20%) per annum) as the Board determines. The Board may enforce payment thereof if it thinks fit, and without any deduction or allowance for the value of the forfeited shares, at the date of forfeiture, but his liability shall cease if and when the Company shall have received payment in full of all such moneys in respect of the shares. For the purposes of this Article any sum which, by the terms of issue of a share, is payable thereon at a fixed time which is subsequent to the date of forfeiture, whether on account of the nominal value of the share or by way of premium, shall notwithstanding that time has not yet arrived be deemed to be payable at the date of forfeiture, and the same shall become due and payable immediately upon the forfeiture, but interest thereon shall only be payable in respect of any period between the said fixed time and the date of actual payment.

 

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40.        A declaration by a Director or the Secretary that a share has been forfeited on a specified date shall be conclusive evidence of the facts therein stated as against all persons claiming to be entitled to the share, and such declaration shall (subject to the execution of an instrument of transfer by the Company if necessary) constitute a good title to the share, and the person to whom the share is disposed of shall be registered as the holder of the share and shall not be bound to see to the application of the consideration (if any), nor shall his title to the share be affected by any irregularity in or invalidity of the proceedings in reference to the forfeiture, sale or disposal of the share. When any share shall have been forfeited, notice of the declaration shall be given to the Member in whose name it stood immediately prior to the forfeiture, and an entry of the forfeiture, with the date thereof, shall forthwith be made in the register, but no forfeiture shall be in any manner invalidated by any omission or neglect to give such notice or make any such entry.

 

41.        Notwithstanding any such forfeiture as aforesaid the Board may at any time, before any shares so forfeited shall have been sold, re-allotted or otherwise disposed of, permit the shares forfeited to be bought back upon the terms of payment of all calls and interest due upon and expenses incurred in respect of the share, and upon such further terms (if any) as it thinks fit.

 

42.        The forfeiture of a share shall not prejudice the right of the Company to any call already made or instalment payable thereon.

 

43.        The provisions of these Articles as to forfeiture shall apply in the case of non-payment of any sum which, by the terms of issue of a share, becomes payable at a fixed time, whether on account of the nominal value of the share or by way of premium, as if the same had been payable by virtue of a call duly made and notified.

 

 

REGISTER OF MEMBERS

 

44.        (1)        The Company shall keep in one or  more books a Register of its  Members  and shall enter therein the following particulars, that is to say:

 

(a)         the name and address of each Member, the number and class of shares held by him and the amount paid or agreed to be considered as paid on such shares;

 

(b)         the date on which each person was entered in the Register; and

 

(c)         the date on which any person ceased to be a Member.

 

(2)        The Company may keep an overseas or local or other branch register of Members resident in any place, and the Board may make and vary such regulations as it determines in respect of the keeping of any such register and maintaining a Registration Office in connection therewith.

 

45.        The Register and branch register of Members, as the case may be, shall be open to inspection on every business day, subject to such reasonable restrictions as the Board may impose, so that not less than two (2) hours in each business day be allowed for inspection. The Register of Members may, after notice has been given in accordance with the Law, be closed for any time or times not exceeding in the whole thirty (30) days in each year.

 

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RECORD DATES

 

46.        Notwithstanding any other provision of these Articles the Company or the Directors may fix any date as the record date for:

 

(a)         determining the Members entitled to receive any dividend, distribution, allotment or issue and such record date may be on, or at any time not more than thirty (30) days before or after, any date on which such dividend, distribution, allotment or issue is declared, paid or made;

 

(b)         determining the Members entitled to receive notice of and to vote at any general meeting of the Company.

 

TRANSFER OF SHARES

 

47.        Subject to these Articles, any Member may transfer all or any of his shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or in any other form approved by the Board.

 

48.        The instrument of transfer shall be executed by or on behalf of the transferor and the transferee provided that the Board may dispense with the execution of the instrument of transfer by the transferee in any case which it thinks fit in its discretion to do so. Without prejudice to the last preceding Article, the Board may also resolve, either generally or in any particular case, upon request by either the transferor or transferee, to accept mechanically executed transfers. The transferor shall be deemed to remain the holder of the share until the name of the transferee is entered in the Register in respect thereof. Nothing in these Articles shall preclude the Board from recognising a renunciation of the allotment or provisional allotment of any share by the allottee in favour of some other person.

 

49.         (1)         The Board may, in its absolute discretion, and  without  giving  any  reason therefor, refuse to register a transfer of any share (not being a fully paid up share) to a  person of whom it does not approve, or any share issued under any share incentive scheme for employees upon which a restriction on transfer imposed thereby still subsists, and it may also, without prejudice to the foregoing generality, refuse to register a transfer of any share to more than four (4) joint holders or a transfer of any share (not being a fully paid up share) on which the Company has a lien.

 

(2)         No transfer shall be made to an infant or to a person of unsound mind or under other legal disability.

 

(3)         The Board in so far as permitted by any applicable law may, in its absolute discretion, at any time and from time to time transfer any share upon the Register to any branch register or any share on any branch register to the Register or any other branch register. In the event of any such transfer, the shareholder requesting such transfer shall bear the cost of effecting the transfer unless the Board otherwise determines.

 

(4)         Unless the Board otherwise agrees (which agreement may be on such terms and subject to such conditions as the Board in its absolute discretion may from time to time determine, and which agreement the Board shall, without giving any reason therefor, be entitled in its absolute discretion to give or withhold), no shares upon the Register shall be transferred to any branch register nor shall shares on any branch register be transferred to the Register or any other branch register and all transfers and other documents of title shall be lodged for registration, and registered, in the case of any shares on a branch register, at the relevant Registration Office, and, in the case of any shares on the Register, at the Office or such other place at which the Register is kept in accordance with the Law.

 

50.         Without limiting the generality of the last preceding Article, the Board may decline to recognise any instrument of transfer unless:-

 

(a)         a fee of such maximum sum as prescribed in the AIM Rules to be payable or such lesser sum as the Board may from time to time require is paid to the Company in respect thereof;

 

(b)         the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of share;

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(c)         the instrument of transfer is lodged at the Office or such other place at which the Register is kept in accordance with the Law or the Registration Office (as the case may be) accompanied by the relevant share certificate(s) and such other evidence as the Board may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer (and, if the instrument of transfer is executed by some other person on his behalf, the authority of that person so to do); and

 

(d)         if applicable, the instrument of transfer is duly and properly stamped.

 

51.        If the Board refuses to register a transfer of any share, it shall, within two (2) months after the date on which the transfer was lodged with the Company, send to each of the transferor and transferee notice of the refusal.

 

52.        (1)          Notwithstanding Article 47, the Board may, subject to the Statutes and if permitted by the Law, permit shares of any class to be held in uncertificated form to be transferred without an instrument of transfer by means of a relevant system, including CREST.

 

(2)          Where any class of shares is a participating security and the Company is entitled under the Law, these Articles or any applicable regulations to sell, transfer, dispose of, forfeit, re-allot, accept the surrender of or otherwise enforce a lien over a share held in uncertificated form without an instrument of transfer, the Company shall be entitled, subject to the Law, these Articles, any applicable regulations and the facilities and requirements of the relevant system:

 

(a)         to require the holder of that uncertificated share by notice to change that share into certificated form within the period specified in the notice and to hold that share in certificated form so long as required by the Company;

 

(b)         to require the holder of that uncertificated share by notice to give any instructions necessary to transfer title to that share by means of the relevant system within the period specified in the notice;

 

(c)         to require the holder of that uncertificated share by notice to appoint any person to take any step, including without limitation the giving of any instructions by means of the relevant system, necessary to transfer that share within the period specified in the notice; and

 

(d)         to take any action that the Board considers appropriate to achieve the sale, transfer, disposal of, forfeiture, re-allotment or surrender of that share or otherwise to enforce a lien in respect of it.

 

53.         The registration of transfers of shares or of any class of shares may be suspended at such times and for such period as the Directors may from time to time determine and either generally or in respect of any class of shares provided that the Register shall not be closed for more than thirty (30) days in any year.

 

53A.       The Directors shall, subject always to the Law, any other applicable laws and regulations and the facilities and requirements of any relevant system concerned and these Articles, have power to implement and/or approve any arrangements they may, in their absolute discretion, think fit in relation to the evidencing of title to and transfer of interests in shares in the capital of the Company in the form of depositary interests or similar interests, instruments or securities, and to the extent such arrangements are so implemented, no provision of these Articles shall apply or have effect to the extent that it is in any respect inconsistent with the holding or transfer thereof or the shares in the capital of the Company represented thereby. The Directors may from time to time take such actions and do such things as they may, in their absolute discretion, think fit in relation to the operation of any such arrangements.

 

54.         The registration of transfers of shares or of any class of shares may be suspended at such times and for such period as the Directors may from time to time determine and either generally or in respect of any class of shares provided that the Register shall not be closed for more than thirty (30) days in any year.

 

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TRANSMISSION OF SHARES

 

55.         If a Member dies, the survivor or survivors where the deceased was a joint holder, and his legal personal representatives where he was a sole or only surviving holder, will be the only persons recognised by the Company as having any title to his interest in the shares; but nothing in this Article will release the estate of a deceased Member (whether sole or joint) from any liability in respect of any share which had been solely or jointly held by him.

 

56.        Any person becoming entitled to a share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy or winding-up of a Member may, upon such evidence as to his title being produced as may be required by the Board, elect either to become the holder of the share or to have some person nominated by him registered as the transferee thereof. If he elects to become the holder he shall notify the Company in writing either at the Registration Office or Office, as the case may be, to that effect. If he elects to have another person registered he shall execute a transfer of the share in favour of that person. The provisions of these Articles relating to the transfer and registration of transfers of shares shall apply to such notice or transfer as aforesaid as if the death or bankruptcy of the Member had not occurred and the notice or transfer were a transfer signed by such Member.

 

57.        A person becoming entitled to a share by reason of the death or bankruptcy or winding-up of a Member shall be entitled to the same dividends and other advantages to which he would be entitled if he were the registered holder of the share. However, the Board may, if it thinks fit, withhold the payment of any dividend payable or other advantages in respect of such share until such person shall become the registered holder of the share or shall have effectually transferred such share, but, subject to the requirements of Article 78(2) being met, such a person may vote at meetings.

 

 

UNTRACEABLE  MEMBERS

 

58.        (1)    Without prejudice to the rights of the Company under paragraph (2) of this Article, the Company may cease sending cheques for dividend entitlements or dividend warrants by post if such cheques or warrants have been left uncashed on two consecutive occasions. However, the Company may exercise the power to cease sending cheques for dividend entitlements or dividend warrants after the first occasion on which such a cheque or warrant is returned undelivered.

 

(2)        The Company shall have the power to sell, in such manner as the Board thinks fit, any shares of a Member who is untraceable, but no such sale shall be made unless:

 

(a)        all cheques or warrants in respect of dividends of the shares in question, being not less than three in total number, for any sum payable in cash to the holder of such shares in respect of them sent during the relevant period in the manner authorised by the Articles of the Company have remained uncashed;

 

(b)        so far as it is aware at the end of the relevant period, the Company has not at any time during the relevant period received any indication of the existence of the Member who is the holder of such shares or of a person entitled to such shares by death, bankruptcy or operation of law; and

 

(c)        the Company has given notice to, and caused advertisement in newspapers of its intention to sell such shares and a period of three (3) months has elapsed since the date of such advertisement and the London Stock Exchange has been notified of such intention.

 

For the purpose of the foregoing, the “relevant period” means the period commencing twelve (12) years before the date of publication of the advertisement referred to in paragraph (c) of this Article and ending at the expiry of the period referred to in that paragraph.

 

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(3)        To give effect to any such sale the Board may authorise some person to transfer the said shares and an instrument of transfer signed or otherwise executed by or on behalf of such person shall be as effective as if it had been executed by the registered holder or the person entitled by transmission to such shares, and the purchaser shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money nor shall his title to the shares be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings relating to the sale. The net proceeds of the sale will belong to the Company and upon receipt by the Company of such net proceeds it shall become indebted to the former Member for an amount equal to such net proceeds. No trust shall be created in respect of such debt and no interest shall be payable in respect of it and the Company shall not be required to account for any money earned from the net proceeds which may be employed in the business of the Company or as it thinks fit. Any sale under this Article shall be valid and effective notwithstanding that the Member holding the shares sold is dead, bankrupt or otherwise under any legal disability or incapacity.

 

 

GENERAL MEETINGS

 

59.        An annual general meeting of the Company shall be held in each year at such time and place as may be determined by the Board.

 

60.        Each general meeting, other than an annual general meeting, shall be called an extraordinary general meeting. General meetings may be held in any part of the world as may be determined by the Board.

 

61.        The Board may whenever it thinks fit call extraordinary general meetings. Any one or more Members holding at the date of deposit of the requisition not less than one-tenth of the paid up capital of the Company carrying the right of voting at general meetings of the Company shall at all times have the right, by written requisition to the Board or the Secretary of the Company, to require an extraordinary general meeting to be called by the Board for the transaction of any business specified in such requisition; and such meeting shall be held within two (2) months after the deposit of such requisition. If within twenty-one (21) days of such deposit the Board fails to proceed to convene such meeting the requisitionist(s) himself (themselves) may do so in the same manner, and all reasonable expenses incurred by the requisitionist(s) as a result of the failure of the Board shall be reimbursed to the requisitionist(s) by the Company.

 

 

FORM OF GENERAL MEETINGS

 

61A.    (1)       The Board may decide in relation to any general meeting (including any adjourned or postponed meeting) whether that meeting is to be held as a physical meeting in any part of the world and at one or more than one location as provided in Article 61B or as a hybrid meeting.

 

(2)       The Board may make such arrangements as it considers appropriate in connection with the facilities for participation by electronic means in a physical meeting at the Specified Place and where applicable, satellite location or a hybrid meeting.

 

(3)       When the Board elects to hold a physical meeting with satellite locations or a hybrid meeting, the provisions of these Articles shall be treated as modified to permit any arrangements made by the Board to facilitate the physical meeting with satellite locations or a hybrid meeting and in particular:

 

(a)        references in these Articles to attending and being present at the meeting, including in relation to the quorum for the meeting and the right to vote at the meeting, shall be treated as including participating in the meeting by electronic means;

(b)        a notice of the general meeting which is to be a hybrid meeting shall state details of the facilities for attendance and participation by electronic means at the meeting (“electronic facilities”) or shall state where such details will be made available by the Company prior to the meeting;

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(c)        the meeting shall be treated as having commenced if it has commenced at the principal place specified in the notice of the meeting;

(d)        the meeting shall be duly constituted and its proceedings valid if the chairman of the meeting is satisfied that adequate electronic facilities have been made available so that all persons (being entitled to do so) attending the satellite locations(s) or the hybrid meeting by electronic means may participate in it, but under no circumstances shall a failure (for any reason) of communication equipment, or any other failure in the arrangements for participation in a general meeting at any satellite location after the meeting has started or the inability of one or more members or proxies to access, or continue to access, the electronic facilities despite adequate electronic facilities being made available by the Company, affect the validity of the meeting or any business conducted at the meeting;

(e)        if it appears to the chairman of the meeting that (i) the malfunction of the communication equipment available at the satellite location(s) or the electronic facilities for a hybrid meeting have become inadequate for the purposes of holding the meeting or (ii) there is violence or the threat of violence, unruly behaviour or other disruption occurring at the meeting (before or after it has started), then the chairman of the meeting may, with or without the consent of the meeting, adjourn the meeting; and

(f)         if any of the satellite location(s) is outside the United Kingdom or in the case of a hybrid meeting, the provisions of these Articles concerning the service and giving of the notice for the meeting, and the time for lodging proxies, shall apply by reference to the Specified Place.

 

(4)       If, after the sending of the notice of a hybrid meeting but before the meeting is held (or after the adjournment of a hybrid meeting but before the adjourned meeting is held), the Directors consider that it is impractical, undesirable or unreasonable to hold the meeting at its stated time using electronic facilities they may, without sending a new notice of meeting, change the meeting to a physical meeting or change the electronic facilities (and make details of the new electronic facilities available in the manner stated in the notice of meeting) and/or postpone the time at which the meeting is to be held.

 

(5)       An adjourned or postponed general meeting may be held as a physical meeting or a hybrid meeting irrespective of the form of the general meeting which was adjourned.

 

 

ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION AT DIFFERENT PLACES AND BY ELECTRONIC MEANS

 

61B.      (1)      In the case of any general meeting, the Board may, notwithstanding the specification in the notice convening the general meeting of the place where the meeting is to be held (“Specified Place”), make arrangements, either before or during the meeting, for simultaneous attendance and participation in the meeting by Members and proxies at one or more other places, whether within the same premises or not (each a “satellite location”) or by electronic means.

 

(2)      The general meeting shall be duly constituted and deemed to take place at the Specified Place and as attended by Members and/or proxies who are present at the Specified Place or at one of the satellite locations and, if the meeting is a hybrid meeting, any shareholders and/or proxies participating by electronic means provided each such member or proxy is able to participate in the business of the meeting.  The Members or proxies attending the general meeting at the Specified Place or at a satellite location or, if the meeting is a hybrid meeting, any Members and/or proxies participating by electronic means shall be counted in the quorum for, and be entitled to vote at, the general meeting in question.  The powers of the chairman of the meeting shall apply equally to the satellite locations.

 

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NOTICE OF GENERAL MEETINGS

 

62.        (1)       An annual general meeting and any extraordinary general meeting at which the passing of a special resolution is to be considered shall be called by not less than twenty-one (21) clear days’ Notice.  All other extraordinary general meetings may be called by not less than fourteen (14) clear days’ Notice but a general meeting may be called by shorter notice, subject to the Law, if it is so agreed:

 

(a)       in the case of a meeting called as an annual general meeting, by all the Members entitled to attend and vote thereat; and

 

(b)       in the case of any other meeting, by a majority in number of the Members having the right to attend and vote at the meeting, being a majority together holding not less than ninety‑five per cent. (95%) in nominal value of the issued shares giving that right.

 

(2)         The notice shall specify the time of the meeting, the Specified Place and, in case of special business, the general nature of the business.  In the case of a hybrid meeting, the notice shall also state details of the electronic facilities or shall state where such details will be made available by the Company prior to the meeting. The notice convening an annual general meeting shall specify the meeting as such.  Notice of every general meeting shall be given to all Members other than to such Members as, under the provisions of these Articles or the terms of issue of the shares they hold, are not entitled to receive such notices from the Company, to all persons entitled to a share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy or winding‑up of a Member and to each of the Directors and the Auditors.

 

(3)         The Directors shall have the power to provide in every Notice calling a general meeting the circumstances in which a postponement of the relevant general meeting may occur automatically without further notice, including without limitation, where a number eight (8) or higher typhoon signal, black rainstorm warning or other similar event is in force at any time on the day of the meeting.  When a meeting is automatically postponed in accordance with the foregoing, subject to and without prejudice to Article 67(2), unless specified in the original Notice of the meeting, the Board shall fix the time and Specified Place, and in the case of a hybrid meeting, the electronic facilities, for the postponed meeting and shall notify the Members of such details in such manner as the Board may determine. If a meeting is postponed in this way, proxy forms are valid if they are received as required by these Articles not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the time of the postponed meeting.

 

63.        The accidental omission to give Notice of a meeting or (in cases where instruments of proxy are sent out with the Notice) to send such instrument of proxy to, or the non-receipt of such Notice or such instrument of proxy by, any person entitled to receive such Notice shall not invalidate any resolution passed or the proceedings at that meeting.

 

 

PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS

 

64.        (1)    All business shall be deemed special that is transacted at an extraordinary general meeting, and also all business that is transacted at an annual general meeting, with the exception of sanctioning dividends, the reading, considering and adoption of the accounts and balance sheet and the reports of the Directors and Auditors and other documents required to be annexed to the balance sheet, the election of Directors and appointment of Auditors and other officers in the place of those retiring, the fixing of the remuneration of the Auditors, the voting of remuneration or extra remuneration to the Directors, the granting of any mandate or authority to the Directors to offer, allot, grant options over or otherwise dispose of the unissued shares in the capital of the Company representing not more than five (5) per cent. in nominal value of its existing issued share capital and the granting of any mandate or authority to the Directors to repurchase securities of the Company.

 

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(2)      No business other than the appointment of a chairman of a meeting shall be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum is present at the commencement of the business. Two (2) Members entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy or (in the case of a Member being a corporation) by its duly authorised representative shall form a quorum for all purposes.

 

65.        (1)    If within thirty (30) minutes (or such longer time not exceeding one (1) hour as the chairman of the meeting may determine to wait) after the time appointed for the meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened on the requisition of Members, shall be dissolved. In any other case it shall stand adjourned to the same day in the next week at the same time and place or to such time and place as the Board may determine. If at such adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for holding the meeting, the meeting shall be dissolved.

 

(2)      If the Specified Place is inadequate to accommodate all Members entitled to attend who wish to do so, then provided that the following requirements are satisfied the meeting shall be duly constituted and its proceedings valid. These requirements are that the chairman of the meeting is satisfied that adequate facilities are available to ensure that any Member who is unable to be accommodated in the Specified Place is nonetheless able to participate in the business for which the meeting has been convened, to hear all persons present who speak thereat (whether personally or by microphones or loudspeakers  or  otherwise) whether in the Specified Place itself or elsewhere, and to be in like manner heard himself by all other Members present.

 

(3)      If the Specified Place is inadequate to accommodate all Members entitled to attend and who wish to do so then the chairman may, in his absolute discretion, adjourn the meeting and the chairman of the meeting shall have power to specify some other place for holding the meeting, notwithstanding that by reason of such adjournment some Members may be unable to be present at such adjourned meeting. Any such person may nevertheless execute a form of proxy for the adjourned meeting and if he shall do so and shall deliver the same to the chairman of the meeting or to the Secretary or to a member of the auditors, such proxy shall be valid notwithstanding that it is given at less notice than would otherwise be required under these Articles.

 

66.      Without prejudice to Article 61A(4), the chairman of the Company shall preside as chairman at every general meeting.  If at any meeting the chairman, is not present within fifteen (15) minutes after the time appointed for holding the meeting, or is not willing to act as chairman, the Directors present shall choose one of their number to act, or if one Director only is present he shall preside as chairman if willing to act.  If no Director is present, or if each of the Directors present declines to take the chair, or if the chairman chosen shall retire from the chair, the Members present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote shall elect one of their number to be chairman.

 

67.        (1)     The chairman may, with the consent of any meeting at which a quorum is present (and shall if so directed by the meeting), adjourn the meeting from time to time and from place to place as the meeting shall determine, but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business which might lawfully have been transacted at the meeting had the adjournment not taken place. When a meeting is adjourned for fourteen (14) days or more, at least seven (7) clear days' notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given specifying the time and place of the adjourned meeting but it shall not be necessary to specify in such notice the nature of the business to be transacted at the adjourned meeting and the general nature of the business to be transacted. Save as aforesaid, it shall be unnecessary to give notice of an adjournment.

 

(2)      An adjourned or postponed general meeting may be held as a physical meeting or a hybrid meeting irrespective of the form of the general meeting which was adjourned.  When a meeting is adjourned or postponed for fourteen (14) days or more, at least seven (7) clear days' notice of the adjourned or postponed meeting shall be given specifying the time and Specified Place of the adjourned meeting and in the case of a hybrid meeting, the electronic facilities (or where such details will be made available by the Company prior to the meeting) but it shall not be necessary to specify in such notice the nature of the business to be transacted at the adjourned or the postponed meeting and the general nature of the business to be transacted. Save as aforesaid, it shall be unnecessary to give notice of an adjournment.

 

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68.         If an amendment is proposed to any resolution under consideration but is in good faith ruled out of order by the chairman of the meeting, the proceedings on the substantive resolution shall not be invalidated by any error in such ruling. In the case of a resolution duly proposed as a special resolution, no amendment thereto (other than a mere clerical amendment to correct a patent error) may in any event be considered or voted upon.

 

 

VOTING

 

69.          Subject to any special rights or restrictions as to voting for the time being attached to any shares by or in accordance with these Articles, at any general meeting on a show of hands every Member present in person (or being a corporation, is present by a duly authorised representative), or by proxy shall have one vote and on a poll every Member present in person or by proxy or, in the case of a Member being a corporation, by its duly authorised representative shall have one vote for every fully paid share of which he is the holder but so that no amount paid up or credited as paid up on a share in advance of calls or instalments is treated for the foregoing purposes as paid up on the share.  A resolution put to the vote of a meeting shall be decided on a show of hands unless (before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands or on the withdrawal of any other demand for a poll) a poll is demanded:

 

(a)      by the chairman of such meeting; or

 

(b)      by at least five (5) Members present in person or in the case of a Member being a corporation by its duly authorised representative or by proxy for the time being entitled to vote at the meeting; or

 

(c)      by a Member or Members present in person or in the case of a Member being a corporation by its duly authorised representative or by proxy and representing not less than one-tenth of the total voting rights of all Members having the right to vote at the meeting; or

 

(d)      by a Member or Members present in person or in the case of a Member being a corporation by its duly authorised representative or by proxy and holding shares in the Company conferring a right to vote at the meeting being shares on which an aggregate sum has been paid up equal to not less than one-tenth of the total sum paid up on all shares conferring that right.

 

A demand by a person as proxy for a Member or in the case of a Member being a corporation by its duly authorised representative shall be deemed to be the same as a demand by a Member.

 

70.           Unless a poll is duly demanded and the demand is not withdrawn, a declaration by the chairman that a resolution has been carried, or carried unanimously, or by a particular majority, or not carried by a particular majority, or lost, and an entry to that effect made in the minute book of the Company, shall be conclusive evidence of the facts without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded for or against the resolution.

 

71.          If a poll is duly demanded the result of the poll shall be deemed to be the resolution of the meeting at which the poll was demanded. There shall be no requirement for the chairman to disclose the voting figures on a poll.

 

72.          A poll demanded on the election of a chairman, or on a question of adjournment, shall be taken forthwith. A poll demanded on any other question shall be taken in such manner (including the use of ballot or voting papers or tickets) and either forthwith or at such time (being not later than thirty (30) days after the date of the demand) and place as the chairman directs. It shall not be necessary (unless the chairman otherwise directs) for notice to be given of a poll not taken immediately.

 

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73.         The demand for a poll shall not prevent the continuance of a meeting or the transaction of any business other than the question on which the poll has been demanded, and, with the consent of the chairman, it may be withdrawn at any time before the close of the meeting or the taking of the poll, whichever is the earlier.

 

74.         On a poll votes may be given either personally or by proxy.

 

75.         A person entitled to more than one vote on a poll need not use all his votes or cast all the votes he uses in the same way.

 

76.         All questions submitted to a meeting shall be decided by a simple majority of votes except where a greater majority is required by these Articles or by the Law. In the case of an equality of votes, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, the chairman of such meeting shall be entitled to a second or casting vote in addition to any other vote he may have.

 

77.        Where there are joint holders of any share any one of such joint holder may vote, either in person or by proxy, in respect of such share as if he were solely entitled thereto, but if more than one of such joint holders be present at any meeting the vote of the senior who tenders a vote, whether in person or by proxy, shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders, and for this purpose seniority shall be determined by the order in which the names stand in the Register in respect of the joint holding. Several executors or administrators of a deceased Member in whose name any share stands shall for the purposes of this Article be deemed joint holders thereof.

 

78.        (1)     A Member who is a patient for any purpose relating to mental health or in respect of whom an order has been made by any court having jurisdiction for the protection or management of the affairs of persons incapable of managing their own affairs may vote, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, by his receiver, committee, curator bonis or other person in the nature of a receiver, committee or curator bonis appointed by such court, and such receiver, committee, curator bonis or other person may vote on a poll by proxy, and may otherwise act and be treated as if he were the registered holder of such shares for the purposes of general meetings, provided that such evidence as the Board may require of the authority of the person claiming to vote shall have been deposited at the Office, head office or Registration Office, as appropriate, not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the time appointed for holding the meeting, or adjourned meeting or poll, as the case may be.

 

(2)      Any person entitled under Article 56 to be registered as the holder of any shares may vote at any general meeting in respect thereof in the same manner as if he were the registered holder of such shares, provided that forty-eight (48) hours at least before the time of the holding of the meeting or adjourned meeting, as the case may be, at which he proposes to vote, he shall satisfy the Board of his entitlement to such shares, or the Board shall have previously admitted his right to vote at such meeting in respect thereof.

 

79.        (1)     No Member shall, unless the Board otherwise determines, be entitled to attend and vote and to be reckoned in a quorum at any general meeting unless he is duly registered and all calls or other sums presently payable by him in respect of shares in the Company have been paid, and prior to commencement of the general meeting to which it relates a Direction Notice (as defined in Article 80) shall have been served and not withdrawn.

 

80.        (1)     If any Member, or any other person appearing to be interested in shares held by such Member, has been duly served with a notice referred to in Section 793 of the English Act and is in default for the prescribed period referred to in this Article in supplying to the Company the information thereby required, then the Directors may in their absolute discretion at any time thereafter serve a notice (a “Direction Notice”) upon such Member as follows:

 

(a)         a Direction Notice may direct that, in respect of the shares in relation to which the default occurred (the “Default Shares”) (which expression shall include any further shares which are issued in respect of such shares), the Member shall not be entitled to be present or to vote at any General Meeting either personally or by proxy or to exercise any other rights conferred by membership in relation to meetings of the Company; and

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(b)         where the Default Shares represent at least 0.25 per cent. of the share capital of the Company, then the Direction Notice may additionally direct that:

 

(i)         in respect of the Default Shares, any dividend or other money which would otherwise be payable on such shares shall be retained by the Company without any liability to pay interest thereon when such money is finally paid to the Member; and/or

 

(ii)        no transfer of any of the Default Shares held by such Member shall be registered unless:

 

(a)         the Member is not himself in default as regards supplying the information required; and

 

(b)         the transfer is of part only of the Member's holding and when presented for registration is accompanied by a certificate of the Member in a form satisfactory to the Directors to that effect that after due and careful enquiry the Directors are satisfied that no person in default as regards supplying such information is interested in any of the shares the subject of the transfer.

 

(c)         The Company shall send to each other person appearing to be interested in the shares the subject of any Direction Notice a copy of the Direction Notice, but the failure or omission by the Company to do so shall not invalidate such Direction Notice. Neither the Company nor the Directors shall in any event be liable to any person as a result of the Directors having imposed any restrictions pursuant to this Article if the Directors have acted in good faith.

 

(d)         Any Direction Notice shall have effect in accordance with its terms for so long as the default in respect of which it was issued continues. Any Direction Notice shall cease to have effect in relation to any shares which are transferred by such Member by means of an approved transfer. The Directors may at any time give notice cancelling a Direction Notice, in whole or in part, or suspending, in whole or part, the imposition of any restrictions contained in the Direction Notice for a given period.

 

(e)         For the purposes of this Article:

 

(i)         a person shall be treated as appearing to be interested in any shares if the Member holding such shares has given to the Company a notification referred to in Section 793 of the English Act which either (a) names such person as being so interested or (b) fails to establish the identities of those interested in the shares and (after taking into account the said notification) the Company knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the person in question is or may be interested in the shares;

 

(ii)        the prescribed period in respect of any particular Member is twenty-eight (28) days from the date of service of the said notice, except where the Default Shares represent at least 0.25 per cent. of the share capital of the Company, in which case such period shall be reduced to fourteen (14) days; and

 

(iii)       a transfer of shares is an approved transfer if, but only if:

 

(a)        it is a transfer of shares to an offer or by way or in pursuant of acceptance of a takeover offer for a Company; or

 

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(b)        the Directors are satisfied that the transfer is made pursuant to a bona fide sale of the whole of the beneficial ownership of the shares to a party unconnected with a Member and any other persons appearing to be interested in such shares and the transfer results from a sale made through a recognised investment exchange (as defined in the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 of the United Kingdom) or any stock exchange outside the United Kingdom on which the Company's shares are normally traded (apart from any sale resulting from matching bargains) through the relevant market.

 

(f)         Reference to a person being in default in supplying to the Company the information required by a Direction Notice includes:

 

(i)         reference to his having failed or refused to give all or any part of it; and

 

(ii)        reference to his having given information which he knows to be false in a material particular or having recklessly given information which is false in a material particular.

 

(2)      Where the Company has knowledge that any Member is, under the AIM Rules, required to abstain from voting on any particular resolution of the Company or restricted to voting only for or only against any particular resolution of the Company, any votes cast by or on behalf of such Member in contravention of such requirement or restriction shall not be counted.

 

81.         If:

 

(a)      any objection shall be raised to the qualification of any voter; or

 

(b)      any votes have been counted which ought not to have been counted or which might have been rejected; or

 

(c)      any votes are not counted which ought to have been counted;

 

the objection or error shall not vitiate the decision of the meeting or adjourned meeting on any resolution unless the same is raised or pointed out at the meeting or, as the case may be, the adjourned meeting at which the vote objected to is given or tendered or at which the error occurs. Any objection or error shall be referred to the chairman of the meeting and shall only vitiate the decision of the meeting on any resolution if the chairman decides that the same may have affected the decision of the meeting. The decision of the chairman on such matters shall be final and conclusive.

 

 

PROXIES

 

82.        Any Member entitled to attend and vote at a meeting of the Company shall be entitled to appoint another person as his proxy to attend and vote instead of him. A Member who is the holder of two or more shares may appoint more than one proxy to represent him and vote on his behalf at a general meeting of the Company or at a class meeting. A proxy need not be a Member. In addition, a proxy or proxies representing either a Member who is an individual or a Member which is a corporation shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the Member which he or they represent as such Member could exercise.

 

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83.        The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing under the hand of the appointor or of his attorney duly authorised in writing or, if the appointor is a corporation, either under its seal or under the hand of an officer, attorney or other person authorised to sign the same. In the case of an instrument of proxy purporting to be signed on behalf of a corporation by an officer thereof it shall be assumed, unless the contrary appears, that such officer was duly authorised to sign such instrument of proxy on behalf of the corporation without further evidence of the facts.

 

83A.     The Company may, at its absolute discretion designate from time to time an electronic address or the receipt of any document or information relating to proxies for a meeting (including any instrument of proxy or invitation to appoint a proxy, any document necessary to show the validity of, or otherwise relating to, an appointment of proxy and notice of termination of the authority of a proxy). If any document or information required to be sent to the Company under this Article is sent to the Company by electronic means, such document or information is not treated as validly delivered to or deposited with the Company if the same is not received by the Company at its designated electronic address in accordance with this Article or if no electronic address is so designated by the Company for the receipt of such document or information.

 

84.        The instrument appointing a proxy and (if required by the Board) the power of attorney or other authority (if any) under which it is signed, or a certified copy of such power or authority, shall:

 

(i)      in the case of an appointment of proxy in hard copy form, be delivered to such place or one of such places (if any) as may be specified for that purpose in or by way of note to or in any document accompanying the notice convening the meeting (or, if no place is so specified at the Registration Office or the Office, as may be appropriate) not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the time appointed for holding the meeting or adjourned meeting at which the person named in the instrument proposes to vote or; or

 

(ii)     in the case of an appointment of proxy in electronic form, be received at the electronic address specified in the notice convening the meeting or in any appointment of proxy or any invitation to appoint a proxy sent out or made available by the Company in relation to the meeting, not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the time for holding the meeting or adjourned meeting (as the case may be) at which the person named in such instrument proposes to vote; or

 

(iii)    in the case of a poll taken subsequently to the date of a meeting or adjourned meeting, not less than twenty-four (24) hours before the time appointed for the taking of the poll and in default the instrument of proxy shall not be treated as valid.

 

No instrument appointing a proxy shall be valid after the expiration of twelve (12) months from the date named in it as the date of its execution, except at an adjourned meeting or on a poll demanded at a meeting or an adjourned meeting in cases where the meeting was originally held within twelve (12) months from such date. Delivery of an instrument appointing a proxy shall not preclude a Member from attending and voting in person at the meeting convened and in such event, the instrument appointing a proxy shall be deemed to be revoked.

 

85.        Instruments of proxy shall be in any common form or in such other form as the Board may approve (provided that this shall not preclude the use of the two-way form) and the Board may, if it thinks fit, send out with the notice of any meeting forms of instrument of proxy for use at the meeting. The instrument of proxy shall be deemed to confer authority to demand or join in demanding a poll and to vote on any amendment of a resolution put to the meeting for which it is given as the proxy thinks fit. The instrument of proxy shall, unless the contrary is stated therein, be valid as well for any adjournment of the meeting as for the meeting to which it relates.

 

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86.        A vote given in accordance with the terms of an instrument of proxy shall be valid notwithstanding the previous death or insanity of the principal, or revocation of the instrument of proxy or of the authority under which it was executed, provided that no intimation in writing of such death, insanity or revocation shall have been received by the Company at the Office or the Registration Office (or such other place as may be specified for the delivery of instruments of proxy in the notice convening the meeting or other document sent therewith) two (2) hours at least before the commencement of the meeting or adjourned meeting, or the taking of the poll, at which the instrument of proxy is used.

 

87.        Anything which under these Articles a Member may do by proxy he may likewise do by his duly appointed attorney and the provisions of these Articles relating to proxies and instruments appointing proxies shall apply mutatis mutandis in relation to any such attorney and the instrument under which such attorney is appointed.

 

 

CORPORATIONS ACTING BY REPRESENTATIVES

 

88.        (1)    Any corporation which is a Member may by resolution of its directors or other governing body authorise such person as it thinks fit to act as its representative at any meeting of the Company or at any meeting of any class of Members. The person so authorised shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of such corporation as the corporation could exercise if it were an individual Member and such corporation shall for the purposes of these Articles be deemed to be present in person at any such meeting if a person so authorised is present thereat.

 

(2)      Any reference in these Articles to a duly authorised representative of a Member being a corporation shall mean a representative authorised under the provisions of this Article.

 

 

WRITTEN RESOLUTIONS OF MEMBERS

 

89.        A resolution in writing signed (in such manner as to indicate, expressly or impliedly, unconditional approval) by or on behalf of all persons for the time being entitled to receive notice of and to attend and vote at general meetings of the Company shall, for the purposes of these Articles, be treated as a resolution duly passed at a general meeting of the Company and, where relevant, as a special resolution so passed. Any such resolution shall be deemed to have been passed at a meeting held on the date on which it was signed by the last Member to sign, and where the resolution states a date as being the date of his signature thereof by any Member the statement shall be prima facie evidence that it was signed by him on that date. Such a resolution may consist of several documents in the like form, each signed by one or more relevant Members.

 

 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

90.        (1)     Unless otherwise determined by the Company in general meeting, the number of Directors shall not be less than two (2).  There shall be no maximum number of Directors unless otherwise determined from time to time by the Members in general meeting.  The Directors shall be elected or appointed in the first place by the subscribers to the Memorandum of Association or by a majority of them and thereafter in accordance with Article 91 and shall hold office until their successors are elected or appointed.

 

(2)        Subject to the Articles and the Law, the Company may by ordinary resolution elect any person to be a Director either to fill a casual vacancy on the Board, or as an addition to the existing Board.

 

(3)        The Directors shall have the power from time to time and at any time to appoint any person as a Director either to fill a casual vacancy on the Board or as an addition to the existing Board.  Any Director so appointed by the Board shall hold office only until the next following annual general meeting of the Company and shall then be eligible for re-election.

 

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(4)        Neither a Director nor an alternate Director shall be required to hold any shares of the Company by way of qualification and a Director or alternate Director (as the case may be) who is not a Member shall be entitled to receive notice of and to attend and speak at any general meeting of the Company and of all classes of shares of the Company.

 

(5)        The Members may, at any general meeting convened and held in accordance with these Articles, by special resolution remove a Director at any time before the expiration of his period of office notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Articles or in any agreement between the Company and such Director (but without prejudice to any claim for damages under any such agreement).

 

(6)        A vacancy on the Board created by the removal of a Director under the provisions of subparagraph (5) above may be filled by the election or appointment by ordinary resolution the Members at the meeting at which such Director is removed.

 

(7)        A resolution for the appointment of two or more persons as Directors by a single resolution shall be void unless a resolution that it shall be so proposed has first been agreed to by the meeting without any vote being given against it.

 

(8)        The Company may from time to time in general meeting by ordinary resolution increase or reduce the number of Directors but so that the number of Directors shall never be less than two (2).

 

 

RETIREMENT OF DIRECTORS

 

91.        (1)       Notwithstanding any other provisions in the Articles, at each annual general meeting one-third of the Directors for the time being (or, if their number is not a multiple of three (3), the number nearest to but not less than one-third) shall retire from office by rotation provided that every Director shall be subject to retirement at least once every three (3) years.

 

(2)      A retiring Director shall be eligible for re-election and shall continue to act as a Director throughout the meeting at which he retires. The Directors to retire by rotation shall include (so far as necessary to ascertain the number of directors to retire by rotation) any Director who wishes to retire and not to offer himself for re-election. Any further Directors so to retire shall be those of the other Directors subject to retirement by rotation who have been longest in office since their last re-election or appointment and so that as between persons who became or were last re-elected Directors on the same day those to retire shall (unless they otherwise agree among themselves) be determined by lot. Any Director appointed pursuant to Article 90(2) or Article 90(3) shall not be taken into account in determining which particular Directors or the number of Directors who are to retire by rotation.

 

92.       No person except a retiring Director shall be elected a Director (unless recommended by the Directors for election) unless notice in writing shall be sent to the Secretary not more than twenty-eight (28) days and not less than seven (7) days before the day of the meeting at which the election is to take place, signed by a Member duly qualified to attend and vote at each meeting stating the name and address of the person who offers himself or is proposed as candidate, together with a notice in writing signed by such person of his willingness to be elected.

 

DISQUALIFICATION OF DIRECTORS

 

93.       The office of a Director shall be vacated if the Director:

 

(a)            resigns his office by notice in writing delivered to the Company at the Office or tendered at a meeting of the Board;

 

(b)            becomes of unsound mind or dies;

 

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(c)            without special leave of absence from the Board, is absent from meetings of the Board for six consecutive months, and his alternate Director, if any, shall not during such period have attended in his stead and the Board resolves that his office be vacated; or

 

(d)            becomes bankrupt or has a receiving order made against him or suspends payment or compounds with his creditors;

 

(e)            is prohibited by law from being a Director; or

 

(f)             ceases to be a Director by virtue of any provision of the Statutes or is removed from office pursuant to these Articles.

 

 

EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS

 

94.        The Board may from time to time appoint any one or more of its body to be a managing director, joint managing director or deputy managing director or to hold any other employment or executive office with the Company for such period (subject to their continuance as Directors) and upon such terms as the Board may determine and the Board may revoke or terminate any of such appointments. Any such revocation or termination as aforesaid shall be without prejudice to any claim for damages that such Director may have against the Company or the Company may have against such Director. A Director appointed to an office under this Article shall be subject to the same provisions as to removal as the other Directors of the Company, and he shall (subject to the provisions of any contract between him and the Company) ipso facto and immediately cease to hold such office if he shall cease to hold the office of Director for any cause.

 

95.        Notwithstanding Articles 100, 101,  102 and 103, an executive director appointed to an office under Article 94 hereof shall receive such remuneration (whether by way of salary, commission, participation in on, or percentage of, operating revenue, profits or otherwise or by all or any of those modes) and such other benefits (including pension and/or gratuity and/or other benefits on retirement) and allowances as the Board may from time to time determine, and either in addition to or in lieu of his remuneration as a Director.

 

 

ALTERNATE DIRECTORS

 

96.        Any Director may at any time by Notice delivered to the Office or head office or at a meeting of the Directors appoint any person (including another Director) to be his alternate Director. Any person so appointed shall have all the rights and powers of the Director or Directors for whom such person is appointed in the alternative provided that such person shall not be counted more than once in determining whether or not a quorum is present. An alternate Director may be removed at any time by the body which appointed him and, subject thereto, the office of alternate Director shall continue until the happening of any event which, if he were a Director, would cause him to vacate such office or if his appointer ceases for any reason to be a Director. Any appointment or removal of an alternate Director shall be effected by Notice signed by the appointer and delivered to the Office or head office or tendered at a meeting of the Board. An alternate Director may also be a Director in his own right and may act as alternate to more than one Director. An alternate Director shall, if his appointor so requests, be entitled to receive notices of meetings of the Board or of committees of the Board to the same extent as, but in lieu of, the Director appointing him and shall be entitled to such extent to attend and vote as a Director at any such meeting at which the Director appointing him is not personally present and generally at such meeting to exercise and discharge all the functions, powers and duties of his appointor as a Director and for the purposes of the proceedings at such meeting the provisions of these Articles shall apply as if he were a Director save that as an alternate for more than one Director his voting rights shall be cumulative.

 

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97.         An alternate Director shall only be a Director for the purposes of the Law and shall only be subject to the provisions of the Law insofar as they relate to the duties and obligations of a Director when performing the functions of the Director for whom he is appointed in the alternative and shall alone be responsible to the Company for his acts and defaults and shall not be deemed to be the agent of or for the Director appointing him. An alternate Director shall be entitled to contract and be interested in and benefit from contracts or arrangements or transactions and to be repaid expenses and to be indemnified by the Company to the same extent mutatis mutandis as if he were a Director but he shall not be entitled to receive from the Company any fee in his capacity as an alternate Director except only such part, if any, of the remuneration otherwise payable to his appointor as such appointor may by Notice to the Company from time to time direct.

 

98.         Every person acting as an alternate Director shall have one vote for each Director for whom he acts as alternate (in addition to his own vote if he is also a Director). If his appointor is for the time being absent from Hong Kong or otherwise not available or unable to act, the signature of an alternate Director to any resolution in writing of the Board or a committee of the Board of which his appointor is a member shall, unless the notice of his appointment provides to the contrary, be as effective as the signature of his appointor.

 

99.         An alternate Director shall ipso facto cease to be an alternate Director if his appointor ceases for any reason to be a Director, however, such alternate Director or any other person may be re-appointed by the Directors to serve as an alternate Director PROVIDED always that, if at any meeting any Director retires but is re-elected at the same meeting, any appointment of such alternate Director pursuant to these Articles which was in force immediately before his retirement shall remain in force as though he had not retired.

 

 

DIRECTORS' FEES AND EXPENSES

 

100.       Directors shall be paid out of the funds of the Company for their services subject to such limit (if any) as the Directors may from time to time determine. The Directors shall also receive by way of additional fees for performing (in the view of the Directors or any committee of them so authorised) any special or extra services for the Company such further sums (if any) as the Company in General Meeting may from time to time determine. Such fees and additional fees shall be divided among the Directors in such proportion and manner as they may determine and in default of determination equally. Such remuneration shall be deemed to accrue from day to day. The provisions of this Article shall not apply to the remuneration of any Managing Director or executive Director which shall be determined pursuant to the other provisions of these Articles.

 

101.       Each Director shall be entitled to be repaid or prepaid all travelling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred by him in attending meetings of the Board or committees of the Board or general meetings or separate meetings of any class of shares or of debentures of the Company or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his duties as a Director.

 

102.       Any Director who, by request, goes or resides abroad for any purpose of the Company or who performs services which in the opinion of the Board go beyond the ordinary duties of a Director may be paid such extra remuneration (whether by way of salary, commission, participation in profits or otherwise) as the Board may determine and such extra remuneration shall be in addition to or in substitution for any ordinary remuneration provided for by or pursuant to any other Article.

 

103.       The remuneration of any Director holding executive office must, subject to the provisions of any contract between each of them and the Company, be fixed by the Directors, and must not be set as a commission on, or percentage of, operating revenue, profits or otherwise without the prior approval of the Members.

 

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DIRECTORS' INTERESTS

 

104.      A Director may:

 

(a)      hold any other office or place of profit with the Company (except that of Auditor) in conjunction with his office of Director for such period and upon such terms as the Board may determine.  Any remuneration (whether by way of salary, commission, participation in profits or otherwise) paid to any Director in respect of any such other office or place of profit shall be in addition to any remuneration provided for by or pursuant to any other Article;

 

(b)      act by himself or his firm in a professional capacity for the Company (otherwise than as Auditor) and he or his firm may be remunerated for professional services as if he were not a Director;

 

(c)      continue to be or become a director, managing director, joint managing director, deputy managing director, executive director, manager or other officer or member of any other company promoted by the Company or in which the Company may be interested as a vendor, shareholder or otherwise and (unless otherwise agreed) no such Director shall be accountable for any remuneration, profits or other benefits received by him as a director, managing director, joint managing director, deputy managing director, executive director, manager or other officer or member of or from his interests in any such other company.  Subject as otherwise provided by these Articles the Directors may exercise or cause to be exercised the voting powers conferred by the shares in any other company held or owned by the Company, or exercisable by them as Directors of such other company in such manner in all respects as they think fit (including the exercise thereof in favour of any resolution appointing themselves or any of them directors, managing directors, joint managing directors, deputy managing directors, executive directors, managers or other officers of such company) or voting or providing for the payment of remuneration to the director, managing director, joint managing director, deputy managing director, executive director, manager or other officers of such other company and any Director may vote in favour of the exercise of such voting rights in manner aforesaid notwithstanding that he may be, or about to be, appointed a director, managing director, joint managing director, deputy managing director, executive director, manager or other officer of such a company, and that as such he is or may become interested in the exercise of such voting rights in manner aforesaid.

 

105.     Subject to the Law and to these Articles, no Director or proposed or intending Director shall be disqualified by his office from contracting with the Company, either with regard to his tenure of any office or place of profit or as vendor, purchaser or in any other manner whatever, nor shall any such contract or any other contract or arrangement in which any Director is in any way interested be liable to be avoided, nor shall any Director so contracting or being so interested be liable to account to the Company or the Members for any remuneration, profit or other benefits realised by any such contract or arrangement by reason of such Director holding that office or of the fiduciary relationship thereby established provided that such Director shall disclose the nature of his interest in any contract or arrangement in which he is interested in accordance with Article 106 herein.

 

106.      (1)    Save as herein provided, a Director shall not vote in respect of any contract, arrangement, transaction or any other proposal whatsoever in which he has an interest which (together with any interest of any person connected with him) is a material interest otherwise than by virtue of his interests in shares or debentures or other securities of or otherwise in or through the Company. A Director shall not be counted in the quorum at a meeting in relation to any resolution on which he is prohibited from voting.

 

(2)    A Director shall (in the absence of some other material interest than is indicated below) be entitled to vote (and be counted in the quorum) in respect of any resolution including:

 

(a)        the giving of any security or indemnity to him in respect of money lent or obligations incurred by him at the request of or for the benefit of the Company or any of its subsidiaries;

 

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(b)       the giving of any security or indemnity to a third party in respect of a debt or obligation of the Company or any of its subsidiaries for which he himself has assumed responsibility in whole or in part under a guarantee or indemnity or by the giving of security;

 

(c)        any proposal concerning an offer of shares or debentures or other securities of or by the Company or any of its subsidiaries for subscription or purchase in which offer he is or is to be interested as a participant in the underwriting or sub-underwriting thereof;

 

(d)       any contract or arrangement in which the Director or his associate(s) is/are interested in the same manner as other holders of shares or debentures or other securities of the Company by virtue only of his/their interest in shares or debentures or other securities of the Company;

 

(e)        any contract, arrangement, transaction or other proposal concerning any other company in which he is interested, directly or indirectly and whether as an officer or shareholder or otherwise howsoever provided that he is not the holder of or beneficially interested in five (5) per cent. or more of any class of the equity share capital of such company (or of a third company through which his interest is derived) or of the voting rights available to members of the relevant company (any such interest being deemed for the purpose of this Article to be a material interest in all circumstances);

 

(f)        any contract, arrangement, transaction or other proposal concerning the adoption, modification or operation of a superannuation fund or retirement benefits scheme or employees' share scheme under which he may benefit and which either relates to both employees and Directors of the Company;

 

(g)       any contract, arrangement, transaction or proposal concerning the adoption modification or operation of any scheme for enabling employees including full time executive Directors of the Company and/or any subsidiary to acquire shares of the Company or any arrangement for the benefit of employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries under which the Director benefits in a similar manner to employees and which does not accord to any Director as such any privilege not accorded to the employees to whom the scheme relates; and

 

(h)       any arrangement for purchasing or maintaining for any officer or auditor of the Company or any of its subsidiaries insurance against any liability which by virtue of any rule of law would otherwise attach to him in respect of any negligence, breach of duty or breach of trust for which he may be guilty in relation to the Company or any of its subsidiaries of which he is a director officer or auditor.

 

(3)      A Director shall not vote or be counted in the quorum on any resolution concerning his own appointment as the holder of any office or place of profit with the Company or any Company in which the Company is interested including fixing or varying the terms of his appointment or the termination thereof.

 

(4)      Where proposals are under consideration concerning the appointment (including fixing or varying the terms of appointment) of two (2) or more Directors to offices or employments with the Company or any company in which the Company is interested, such proposals shall be divided and considered in relation to each Director separately and in such cases each of the Directors concerned (if not debarred from voting under this Article) shall be entitled to vote (and be counted in the quorum) in respect of each resolution except that concerning his own appointment.

 

(5)       If any question shall arise at any meeting as to the materiality of a Director's interest or as to the entitlement of any Director to vote and such question is not resolved by his voluntarily agreeing to abstain from voting, such question shall be referred to the chairman of the meeting and his ruling in relation to any other Director shall be final and conclusive except in a case where the nature or extent of the interests of the Director concerned have not been fully disclosed.

 

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(6)      A Director who is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a transaction or arrangement with the Company shall, at the meeting of the Board at which the question of entering into the transaction is first taken into consideration (or if the Director did not at the date of that meeting know his interest existed in the transaction at the first meeting of the Board after he knows that he is or has become interested), declare in accordance with the Law the nature of his interest.  For the purposes of this Article:

 

(a)      a general notice given to the Board that a Director is to be regarded as having an interest of the nature and extent specified in the notice in any transaction or arrangement in which a specified person or class of persons is interested shall be deemed to be a disclosure that the Director has an interest in any such transaction of the nature and extent so specified;

 

(b)     an interest of which a Director has no knowledge and of which it is unreasonable to expect him to have knowledge shall not be treated as an interest of his; and

 

(c)     subject to the provisions of the Statutes the Company may by ordinary resolution suspend or relax the provisions of this Article to any extent or ratify any transaction not duly authorised by reason of a contravention of this Article.

 

107.     The Directors may exercise the voting power conferred by the shares in any other company held or owned by the Company or exercisable by them as directors of such other company in such manner and in all respects as they think fit (including the exercise thereof in favour of any resolution appointing themselves or any of them directors or other officers or servants of such company or voting or providing for the payment of remuneration to such officers or servants).

 

107A.  (1)     If at any time the Company shall have a class of shares admitted to trading on AIM, a market operated by the London Stock Exchange, rules 3.1.2 and 3.1.3 and the provisions of chapter 5 of the Disclosure Rules and Transparency Rules (as amended from time to time) of the UK Financial Services Authority Handbook (“DTR”) shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into these Articles and accordingly the vote holder and issuer notification rules as set out in the DTR shall apply to the Company and each shareholder of the Company as if the Company were an “issuer” (as defined in the DTR).

 

(2)      Pursuant to Article 107A(l) above, for the purpose of the application of the DTR to the Company and each shareholder of the Company and for the purposes of this article 107A only:

 

(a)      the Company shall be deemed to be an “issuer” as defined in chapter 5 of the DTR (and not a “non-UK issuer”); and

 

(b)      “shares” shall mean any class of shares in the Company admitted to trading on AIM, a market operated by the London Stock Exchange.

 

(3)      For the avoidance of doubt, rules 5.9, 5.10 and 5.11 of chapter 5 of the DTR shall not apply to the Company or the Company's shareholders, as the case may be.

 

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GENERAL POWERS OF THE DIRECTORS

 

108.      (1)      The business of the Company shall be managed and conducted by the Board, which may pay all expenses incurred in forming and registering the Company and may exercise all powers of the Company (whether relating to the management of the business of the Company or otherwise) which are not by the Statutes or by these Articles required to be exercised by the Company in general meeting, subject nevertheless to the provisions of the Statutes and of these Articles and to such regulations being not inconsistent with such provisions, as may be prescribed by the Company in general meeting, but no regulations made by the Company in general meeting shall invalidate any prior act of the Board which would have been valid if such regulations had not been made. The general powers given by this Article shall not be limited or restricted by any special authority or power given to the Board by any other Article.

 

(2)        Any person contracting or dealing with the Company in the ordinary course of business shall be entitled to rely on any written or oral contract or agreement or deed, document or instrument entered into or executed as the case may be by any two of the Directors acting jointly on behalf of the Company and the same shall be deemed to be validly entered into or executed by the Company as the case may be and shall, subject to any rule of law, be binding on the Company.

 

(3)        Without prejudice to the general powers conferred by these Articles it is hereby expressly declared that the Board shall have the following powers:

 

(a)        to give to any person the right or option of requiring at a future date that an allotment shall be made to him of any share at par or at such premium as may be agreed.

 

(b)        to give to any Directors, officers or servants of the Company an interest in any particular business or transaction or participation in the profits thereof or in the general profits of the Company either in addition to or in substitution for a salary or other remuneration.

 

(c)        to resolve that the Company be deregistered in the Cayman Islands and continued in a named jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands subject to the provisions of the Law.

 

(4)        Except as permitted under the Law, the Company shall not directly or indirectly:

 

(i)         make a loan to a Director or a director of any holding company of the Company or to any of their respective associates (as defined by the rules, where applicable, of the London Stock Exchange);

 

(ii)        enter into any guarantee or provide any security in connection with a loan made by any person to a Director or such a director; or

 

(iii)       if any one or more of the Directors hold (jointly or severally or directly or indirectly) a controlling interest in another company, make a loan to that other company or enter into any guarantee or provide any security in connection with a loan made by any person to that other company.

 

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109.      The Board may establish any regional or local boards or agencies for managing any of the affairs of the Company in any place, and may appoint any persons to be members of such local boards, or any managers or agents, and may fix their remuneration (either by way of salary or by commission or by conferring the right to participation in the profits of the Company or by a combination of two or more of these modes) and pay the working expenses of any staff employed by them upon the business of the Company. The Board may delegate to any regional or local board, manager or agent any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in or exercisable by the Board (other than its powers to make calls and forfeit shares), with power to sub-delegate, and may authorise the members of any of them to fill any vacancies therein and to act notwithstanding vacancies. Any such appointment or delegation may be made upon such terms and subject to such conditions as the Board may think fit, and the Board may remove any person appointed as aforesaid, and may revoke or vary such delegation, but no person dealing in good faith and without notice of any such revocation or variation shall be affected thereby.

 

110.      The Board may by power of attorney appoint under the Seal any company, firm or person or any fluctuating body of persons, whether nominated directly or indirectly by the Board, to be the attorney or attorneys of the Company for such purposes and with such powers, authorities and discretions (not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the Board under these Articles) and for such period and subject to such conditions as it may think fit, and any such power of attorney may contain such provisions for the protection and convenience of persons dealing with any such attorney as the Board may think fit, and may also authorise any such attorney to sub-delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in him. Such attorney or attorneys may, if so authorised under the Seal of the Company, execute any deed or instrument under their personal seal with the same effect as the affixation of the Company's Seal.

 

111.      The Board may entrust to and confer upon a managing director, joint managing director, deputy managing director, an executive director or any Director any of the powers exercisable by it upon such terms and conditions and with such restrictions as it thinks fit, and either collaterally with, or to the exclusion of, its own powers, and may from time to time revoke or vary all or any of such powers but no person dealing in good faith and without notice of such revocation or variation shall be affected thereby.

 

112.      All cheques, promissory notes, drafts, bills of exchange and other instruments, whether negotiable or transferable or not, and all receipts for moneys paid to the Company shall be signed, drawn, accepted, endorsed or otherwise executed, as the case may be, in such manner as the Board shall from time to time by resolution determine. The Company's banking accounts shall be kept with such banker or bankers as the Board shall from time to time determine.

 

113.      (1)     The Board may establish or concur or join with other companies (being subsidiary companies of the Company or companies with which it is associated in business) in establishing and making contributions out of the Company's moneys to any schemes or funds for providing pensions, sickness or compassionate allowances, life assurance or other benefits for employees (which expression as used in this and the following paragraph shall include any Director or ex-Director who may hold or have held any executive office or any office of profit under the Company or any of its subsidiary companies) and ex-employees of the Company and their dependants or any class or classes of such person.

 

(2)    The Board may pay, enter into agreements to pay or make grants of revocable or irrevocable, and either subject or not subject to any terms or conditions, pensions or other benefits to employees and ex-employees and their dependants, or to any of such persons, including pensions or benefits additional to those, if any, to which such employees or ex-employees or their dependants are or may become entitled under any such scheme or fund as mentioned in the last preceding paragraph. Any such pension or benefit may, as the Board considers desirable, be granted to an employee either before and in anticipation of or upon or at any time after his actual retirement.

 

(3)    The Board may establish, maintain, support and subscribe to and contribute to all kinds of trusts, funds and schemes including but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing share option, profit sharing and share incentive schemes and enter into any other arrangement permitted by law for the benefit of such persons referred to in Article 109 or any of them or any class of them and so that any Director shall be entitled to receive and retain any benefit under any such trust, fund, scheme, or  arrangement.

 

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BORROWING POWERS

 

114.      The Board may exercise all the powers of the Company to raise or borrow money and to mortgage or charge all or any part of the undertaking, property and assets (present and future) and uncalled capital of the Company and, subject to the Law, to issue debentures, bonds and other securities, whether outright or as collateral security for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or of any third party.

 

115.      Debentures, bonds and other securities may be made assignable free from any equities between the Company and the person to whom the same may be issued.

 

116.      Any debentures, bonds or other securities may be issued at a discount (other than shares), premium or otherwise and with any special privileges as to redemption, surrender, drawings, allotment of shares, attending and voting at general meetings of the Company, appointment of Directors and otherwise.

 

117.      (1)       Where any uncalled capital of the Company is charged, all persons taking any subsequent charge thereon shall take the same subject to such prior charge, and shall not be entitled, by notice to the Members or otherwise, to obtain priority over such prior charge.

 

(2)        The Board shall cause a proper register to be kept, in accordance with the provisions of the Law, of all charges specifically affecting the property of the Company and of any series of debentures issued by the Company and shall duly comply with the requirements of the Law in regard to the registration of charges and debentures therein specified and otherwise.

 

 

PROCEEDINGS OF THE DIRECTORS

 

118.     The Board may meet for the despatch of business, adjourn and otherwise regulate its meetings as it considers appropriate. Questions arising at any meeting shall be determined by a majority of votes. In the case of any equality of votes the chairman of the meeting shall have an additional or casting vote.

 

119.       A meeting of the Board may be convened by the Secretary on request of a Director or by any Director.  The Secretary shall convene a meeting of the Board of which notice may be given in writing or by telephone or in such other manner as the Board may from time to time determine whenever he shall be required so to do by the president or chairman, as the case may be, or any Director.

 

120.      (1)       The quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of the Board may be fixed by the Board and, unless so fixed at any other number, shall be two (2). An alternate Director shall be counted in a quorum in the case of the absence of a Director for whom he is the alternate provided that he shall not be counted more than once for the purpose of determining whether or not a quorum is present.

 

(2)      Directors may participate in any meeting of the Board by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment through which all persons participating in the meeting can communicate with each other simultaneously and instantaneously and, for the purpose of counting a quorum, such participation shall constitute presence at a meeting as if those participating were present in person.

 

(3)      Any Director who ceases to be a Director at a Board meeting may continue to be present and to act as a Director and be counted in the quorum until the termination of such Board meeting if no other Director objects and if otherwise a quorum of Directors would not be present.

 

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121.      The continuing Directors or a sole continuing Director may act notwithstanding any vacancy in the Board but, if and so long as the number of Directors is reduced below the minimum number fixed by or in accordance with these Articles, the continuing Directors or Director, notwithstanding that the number of Directors is below the number fixed by or in accordance with these Articles as the quorum or that there is only one continuing Director, may act for the purpose of filling vacancies in the Board or of summoning general meetings of the Company but not for any other purpose.

 

122.      The Board may elect a chairman and one or more deputy chairman of its meetings and determine the period for which they are respectively to hold such office. If no chairman or deputy chairman is elected, or if at any meeting neither the chairman nor any deputy chairman is present within five (5) minutes after the time appointed for holding the same, the Directors present may choose one of their number to be chairman of the meeting.

 

123.      A meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present shall be competent to exercise all the powers, authorities and discretions for the time being vested in or exercisable by the Board.

 

124.      (1)     The Board may delegate any of its powers, authorities and discretions to committees, consisting of such Director or Directors and other persons as it thinks fit, and they may, from time to time, revoke such delegation or revoke the appointment of and discharge any such committees either wholly or in part, and either as to persons or purposes. Any committee so formed shall, in the exercise of the powers, authorities and discretions so delegated, conform to any regulations which may be imposed on it by the Board.

 

(2)        All acts done by any such committee in conformity with such regulations, and in fulfilment of the purposes for which it was appointed, but not otherwise, shall have like force and effect as if done by the Board, and the Board shall have power, with the consent of the Company in general meeting, to remunerate the members of any such committee, and charge such remuneration to the current expenses of the Company.

 

125.      The meetings and proceedings of any committee consisting of two or more members shall be governed by the provisions contained in these Articles for regulating the meetings and proceedings of the Board so far as the same are applicable and are not superseded by any regulations imposed by the Board under the last preceding Article.

 

126.       A resolution in writing signed by each of the Directors for the time being in the territory at which the principal place of business of the Company is situated except such as are temporarily unable to act through ill-health or disability, and all the alternate Directors, if appropriate, whose appointors are temporarily unable to act as aforesaid shall (provided that such number is sufficient to constitute a quorum and further provided that a copy of such resolution has been given or the contents thereof communicated to all the Directors for the time being entitled to receive notices of Board meetings in the same manner as notices of meetings are required to be given by these Articles) be as valid and effectual as if a resolution had been passed at a meeting of the Board duly convened and held.  Such resolution may be contained in one document or in several documents in like form each signed by one or more of the Directors or alternate Directors and for this purpose a facsimile signature of a Director or an alternate Director shall be treated as valid.

 

127.      All acts bona fide done by the Board or by any committee or by any person acting as a Director or members of a committee, shall, notwithstanding that it is afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of any member of the Board or such committee or person acting as aforesaid or that they or any of them were disqualified or had vacated office, be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointed and was qualified and had continued to be a Director or member of such committee.

 

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MANAGERS

 

128.      The Board may from time to time appoint a general manager, a manager or managers of the Company and may fix his or their remuneration either by way of salary or commission or by conferring the right to participation in the profits of the Company or by a combination of two or more of these modes and pay the working expenses of any of the staff of the general manager, manager or managers who may be employed by him or them upon the business of the Company.

 

129.      The appointment of such general manager, manager or managers may be for such period as the Board may decide, and the Board may confer upon him or them all or any of the powers of the Board as they may think fit.

 

130.      The Board may enter into such agreement or agreements with any such general manager, manager or managers upon such terms and conditions in all respects as the Board may in their absolute discretion think fit, including a power for such general manager, manager or managers to appoint an assistant manager or managers or other employees whatsoever under them for the purpose of carrying on the business of the Company.

 

OFFICERS

 

131.      (1)   The officers of the Company shall consist of a chairman, the Directors and Secretary and such additional officers (who may or may not be Directors) as the Board may from time to time determine, all of whom shall be deemed to be officers for the purposes of the Law and these Articles.

 

(2)      The Directors shall, as soon as may be after each appointment or election of Directors, elect amongst the Directors a chairman and if more than one (1) Director is proposed for this office, the election to such office shall take place in such manner as the Directors may determine.

 

(3)      The officers shall receive such remuneration as the Directors may from time to time determine.

 

132.      (1)    The Secretary and additional officers, if any, shall be appointed by the Board and shall hold office on such terms and for such period as the Board may determine. If thought fit, two (2) or more persons may be appointed as joint Secretaries. The Board may also appoint from time to time on such terms as it thinks fit one or more assistant or deputy Secretaries.

 

(2)     The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Members and shall keep correct minutes of such meetings and enter the same in the proper books provided for the purpose. He shall perform such other duties as are prescribed by the Law or these Articles or as may be prescribed by the Board.

 

133.      The officers of the Company shall have such powers and perform such duties in the management, business and affairs of the Company as may be delegated to them by the Directors from time to time.

 

134.      A provision of the Law or of these Articles requiring or authorising a thing to be done by or to a Director and the Secretary shall not be satisfied by its being done by or to the same person acting both as Director and as or in place of the Secretary.

 

REGISTER OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

 

135.      (1)  The Company shall cause to be kept in one or more books at its Office a Register of Directors and Officers in which there shall be entered the full names and addresses of the Directors and Officers and such other particulars as required by the Law or as the Directors may determine. The Company shall send to the Registrar of Companies in the Cayman Islands a copy of such register, and shall from time to time notify to the said Registrar of any change that takes place in relation to such Directors and Officers as required by the Law.

 

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MINUTES

 

136.      (1)     The Board shall cause minutes to be duly entered in books provided for the purpose:

 

(a)        of all elections and appointments of officers;

 

(b)        of the names of the Directors present at each meeting of the Directors and of any committee of the Directors;

 

(c)        of all resolutions and proceedings of each general meeting of the Members, meetings of the Board and meetings of committees of the Board and where there are managers, of all proceedings of meetings of the managers.

 

(2)      Minutes shall be kept by the Secretary at the head office.

 

 

SEAL

 

137.      (1)     The Company shall have one or more Seals, as the Board may determine.  For the purpose of sealing documents creating or evidencing securities issued by the Company, the Company may have a securities seal which is a facsimile of the Seal of the Company with the addition of the word “Securities” on its face or in such other form as the Board may approve. The Board shall provide for the custody of each Seal and no Seal shall be used without the authority of the Board or of a committee of the Board authorised by the Board in that behalf. Subject as otherwise provided in these Articles, any instrument to which a Seal is affixed shall be signed autographically by one Director and the Secretary or by two Directors or by such other person (including a Director) or persons as the Board may appoint, either generally or in any particular case, save that as regards any certificates for shares or debentures or other securities of the Company the Board may by resolution determine that such signatures or either of them shall be dispensed with or affixed by some method or system of mechanical signature. Every instrument executed in manner provided by this Article shall be deemed to be sealed and executed with the authority of the Board previously given.

 

(2)      Where the Company has a Seal for use abroad, the Board may by writing under the Seal appoint any agent or committee abroad to be the duly authorised agent of the Company for the purpose of affixing and using such Seal and the Board may impose restrictions on the use thereof as may be thought fit. Wherever in these Articles reference is made to the Seal, the reference shall, when and so far as may be applicable, be deemed to include any such other Seal as aforesaid.

 

 

AUTHENTICATION OF DOCUMENTS

 

138.      Any Director or the Secretary or any person appointed by the Board for the purpose may authenticate any documents affecting the constitution of the Company and any resolution passed by the Company or the Board or any committee, and any books, records, documents and accounts relating to the business of the Company, and to certify copies thereof or extracts therefrom as true copies or extracts, and if any books, records, documents or accounts are elsewhere than at the Office or the head office the local manager or other officer of the Company having the custody thereof shall be deemed to be a person so appointed by the Board. A document purporting to be a copy of a resolution, or an extract from the minutes of a meeting, of the Company or of the Board or any committee which is so certified shall be conclusive evidence in favour of all persons dealing with the Company upon the faith thereof that such resolution has been duly passed or, as the case may be, that such minutes or extract is a true and accurate record of proceedings at a duly constituted meeting.

 

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DESTRUCTION OF DOCUMENTS

 

139.      (1)     The Company shall be entitled to destroy the following documents at the following times:

 

(a)         any share certificate which has been cancelled at any time after the expiry of one (1) year from the date of such cancellation;

 

(b)         any dividend mandate or any variation or cancellation thereof or any notification of change of name or address at any time after the expiry of two (2) years from the date such mandate variation cancellation or notification was recorded by the Company;

 

(c)         any instrument of transfer of shares which has been registered at any time after the expiry of seven (7) years from the date of registration;

 

(d)         any allotment letters after the expiry of seven (7) years from the date of issue thereof; and

 

(e)         copies of powers of attorney, grants of probate and letters of administration at any time after the expiry of seven (7) years after the account to which the relevant power of attorney, grant of probate or letters of administration related has been closed;

 

and it shall conclusively be presumed in favour of the Company that every entry in the Register purporting to be made on the basis of any such documents so destroyed was duly and properly made and every share certificate so destroyed was a valid certificate duly and properly cancelled and that every instrument of transfer so destroyed was a valid and effective instrument duly and properly registered and that every other document destroyed  hereunder was a valid and effective document in accordance with the recorded particulars thereof in the books or records of the Company. Provided always that: (1) the foregoing provisions of this Article shall apply only to the destruction of a document in good faith and without express notice to the Company that the preservation of such document was relevant to a claim; (2) nothing contained in this Article shall be construed as imposing upon the Company any liability in respect of the destruction of any such document earlier than as aforesaid or in any case where the conditions of proviso (1) above are not fulfilled; and (3) references in this Article to the destruction of any document include references to its disposal in any manner.

 

(2)      Notwithstanding any provision contained in these Articles, the Directors may, if permitted by applicable law, authorise the destruction of documents set out in sub-paragraphs (a) to (e) of paragraph (1) of this Article and any other documents in relation to share registration which have been microfilmed or electronically stored by the Company or by the share registrar on its behalf provided always that this Article shall apply only to the destruction of a document in good faith and without express notice to the Company and its share registrar that the preservation of such document was relevant to a claim.

 

 

DIVIDENDS AND OTHER PAYMENTS

 

140.     Subject to the Law, the Board may from time to time declare dividends in any currency to be paid to the Members but no dividend shall be declared in excess of the amount recommended by the Board.

 

141.     Dividends may be declared and paid out of the profits of the Company, realised or unrealised, or from any reserve set aside from profits which the Directors determine is no longer needed. With the sanction of an ordinary resolution dividends may also be declared and paid out of share premium account or any other fund or account which can be authorised for this purpose in accordance with the Law.

 

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142.     Except in so far as the rights attaching to, or the terms of issue of, any share otherwise provide:

 

(a)         all dividends shall be declared and paid according to the amounts paid up on the shares in respect of which the dividend is paid, but no amount paid up on a share in advance of calls shall be treated for the purposes of this Article as paid up on the share; and

 

(b)         all dividends shall be apportioned and paid pro rata according to the amounts paid up on the shares during any portion or portions of the period in respect of which the dividend is paid.

 

143.     The Board may from time to time pay to the Members such interim dividends as appear to the Board to be justified by the profits of the Company and in particular (but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing) if at any time the share capital of the Company is divided into different classes, the Board may pay such interim dividends in respect of those shares in the capital of the Company which confer on the holders thereof deferred or non-preferential rights as well as in respect of those shares which confer on the holders thereof preferential rights with regard to dividend and provided that the Board acts bona fide the Board shall not incur any responsibility to the holders of shares conferring any preference for any damage that they may suffer by reason of the payment of an interim dividend on any shares having deferred or non-preferential rights and may also pay any fixed dividend which is payable on any shares of the Company half yearly or on any other dates, whenever such profits, in the opinion of the Board, justifies such payment.

 

144.      The Board may deduct from any dividend or other moneys payable to a Member by the Company on or in respect of any shares all sums of money (if any) presently payable by him to the Company on account of calls or otherwise.

 

145.      No dividend or other moneys payable by the Company on or in respect of any share shall bear interest against the Company.

 

146.      Any dividend, interest or other sum payable in cash to the holder of shares may be paid by cheque or warrant sent through the post addressed to the holder at his registered address or, in the case of joint holders, addressed to the holder whose name stands first in the Register in respect of the shares at his address as appearing in the Register or addressed to such person and at such address as the holder or joint holders may in writing direct. Every such cheque or warrant shall, unless the holder or joint holders otherwise direct, be made payable to the order of the holder or, in the case of joint holders, to the order of the holder whose name stands first on the Register in respect of such shares, and shall be sent at his or their risk and payment of the cheque or warrant by the bank on which it is drawn shall constitute a good discharge to the Company notwithstanding that it may subsequently appear that the same has been stolen or that any endorsement thereon has been forged. Any one of two or more joint holders may give effectual receipts for any dividends or other moneys payable or property distributable in respect of the shares held by such joint holders.

 

147.      All dividends or bonuses unclaimed for one (1) year after having been declared may be invested or otherwise made use of by the Board for the benefit of the Company until claimed. Any dividend or bonuses unclaimed after a period of six (6) years from the date of declaration shall be forfeited and shall revert to the Company. The payment by the Board of any unclaimed dividend or other sums payable on or in respect of a share into a separate account shall not constitute the Company a trustee in respect thereof.

 

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148.      Whenever the Board has resolved that a dividend be paid or declared, the Board may further resolve that such dividend be satisfied wholly or in part by the distribution of specific assets of any kind and in particular of paid up shares, debentures or warrants to subscribe securities of the Company or any other company, or in any one or more of such ways, and where any difficulty arises in regard to the distribution the Board may settle the same as it thinks expedient, and in particular may issue certificates in respect of fractions of shares, disregard fractional entitlements or round the same up or down, and may fix the value for distribution of such specific assets, or any part thereof, and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any Members upon the footing of the value so fixed in order to adjust the rights of all parties, and may vest any such specific assets in trustees as may seem expedient to the Board and may appoint any person to sign any requisite instruments of transfer and other documents on behalf of the persons entitled to the dividend, and such appointment shall be effective and binding on the Members.  The Board may resolve that no such assets shall be made available to Members with registered addresses in any particular territory or territories where, in the absence of a registration statement or other special formalities, such distribution of assets would or might, in the opinion of the Board, be unlawful or impracticable and in such event the only entitlement of the Members aforesaid shall be to receive cash payments as aforesaid.  Members affected as a result of the foregoing sentence shall not be or be deemed to be a separate class of Members for any purpose whatsoever.

 

149.      (1)     Whenever the Board has resolved that a dividend be paid or declared on any class of the share capital of the Company, the Board may further resolve either:

 

(a)         that such dividend be satisfied wholly or in part in the form of an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up, provided that the Members entitled thereto will be entitled to elect to receive such dividend (or part thereof if the Board so determines) in cash in lieu of such allotment. In such case, the following provisions shall apply:

 

(i)         the basis of any such allotment shall be determined by the Board;

 

(ii)        the Board, after determining the basis of allotment, shall give not less than two (2) weeks' Notice to the holders of the relevant shares of the right of election accorded to them and shall send with such notice forms of election and specify the procedure to be followed and the place at which and the latest date and time by which duly completed forms of election must be lodged in order to be effective;

 

(iii)       the right of election may be exercised in respect of the whole or part of that portion of the dividend in respect of which the right of election has been accorded; and

 

(iv)       the dividend (or that part of the dividend to be satisfied by the allotment of shares as aforesaid) shall not be payable in cash on shares in respect whereof the cash election has not been duly exercised (“the non-elected shares”) and in satisfaction thereof shares of the relevant class shall be allotted credited as fully paid up to the holders of the non-elected shares on the basis of allotment determined as aforesaid  and for such purpose the Board shall capitalise and apply out of any part of the undivided profits of the Company (including profits carried and standing to the credit of any reserves or other special account, share premium account, capital redemption reserve other than the Subscription Rights Reserve) as the Board may determine, such sum as may be required to pay up in full the appropriate number of shares of the relevant class for allotment and distribution to and amongst the holders of the non-elected shares on such basis; or

 

(b)        that the Members entitled to such dividend shall be entitled to elect to receive an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up in lieu of the whole or such part of the dividend as the Board may think fit.  In such case, the following provisions shall apply:

 

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(i)        the basis of any such allotment shall be determined by the Board;

 

(ii)       the Board, after determining the basis of allotment, shall give not less than two (2) weeks' Notice to the holders of the relevant shares of the right of election accorded to them and shall send with such notice forms of election and specify the procedure to be followed and the place at which and the latest date and time by which duly completed forms of election must be lodged in order to be effective;

 

(iii)      the right of election may be exercised in respect of the whole or part of that portion of the dividend in respect of which the right of election has been accorded; and

 

(iv)      the dividend (or that part of the dividend in respect of which a right of election has been accorded) shall not be payable in cash on shares in respect whereof the share election has been duly exercised (“the elected shares”) and in lieu thereof shares of the relevant class shall be allotted credited as fully paid up to the holders of the elected shares on the basis of allotment determined as aforesaid and for such purpose the Board shall capitalise and apply out of any part of the undivided profits of the Company (including profits carried and standing to the credit of any reserves or other special account, share premium account, capital redemption reserve other than the Subscription Rights Reserve) as the Board may determine, such sum as may be required to pay up in full the appropriate number of shares of the relevant class for allotment and distribution to and amongst the holders of the elected shares on such basis.

 

(2)       (a)       The shares allotted pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall rank pari passu in all respects with shares of the same class (if any) then in issue save only as regards participation in the relevant dividend or in any other distributions, bonuses or rights paid, made, declared or announced prior to or contemporaneously with the payment or declaration of the relevant dividend unless, contemporaneously with the announcement by the Board of their proposal to apply the provisions of sub-paragraph (a) or (b) of paragraph (2) of this Article in relation to the relevant dividend or contemporaneously with their announcement of the distribution, bonus or rights in question, the Board shall specify that the shares to be allotted pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall rank for participation in such distribution, bonus or rights.

 

(b)       The Board may do all acts and things considered necessary or expedient to give effect to any capitalisation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article, with full power to the Board to make such provisions as it thinks fit in the case of shares becoming distributable in fractions (including provisions whereby, in whole or in part, fractional entitlements are aggregated and sold and the net proceeds distributed to those entitled, or are disregarded or rounded up or down or whereby the benefit of fractional entitlements accrues to the Company rather than to the Members concerned). The Board may authorise any person to enter into on behalf of all Members interested, an agreement with the Company providing for such capitalisation and matters incidental thereto and any agreement made pursuant to such authority shall be effective and binding on all concerned.

 

(3)      The Company may upon the recommendation of the Board by ordinary resolution resolve in respect of any one particular dividend of the Company that notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article a dividend may be satisfied wholly in the form of an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up without offering any right to shareholders to elect to receive such dividend in cash in lieu of such allotment.

 

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(4)     The Board may on any occasion determine that rights of election and the allotment of shares under paragraph (1) of this Article shall not be made available or made to any shareholders with registered addresses in any territory where, in the absence of a registration statement or other special formalities, the circulation of an offer of such rights of election or the allotment of shares would or might, in the opinion of the Board, be unlawful or impracticable, and in such event the provisions aforesaid shall be read and construed subject to such determination.  Members affected as a result of the foregoing sentence shall not be or be deemed to be a separate class of Members for any purpose whatsoever.

 

(5)     Any resolution declaring a dividend on shares of any class, whether a resolution of the Company in general meeting or a resolution of the Board, may specify that the same shall be payable or distributable to the persons registered as the holders of such shares at the close of business on a particular date, notwithstanding that it may be a date prior to that on which the resolution is passed, and thereupon the dividend shall be payable or distributable to them in accordance with their respective holdings so registered, but without prejudice to the rights inter se in respect of such dividend of transferors and transferees of any such shares.  The provisions of this Article shall mutatis mutandis apply to bonuses, capitalisation issues, distributions of realised capital profits or offers or grants made by the Company to the Members.

 

 

RESERVES

 

150.      (1)     The Board shall establish an account to be called the share premium account and shall carry to the credit of such account from time to time a sum equal to the amount or value of the premium paid on the issue of any share in the Company. Unless otherwise provided by the provisions of these Articles, the Board may apply the share premium account in any manner permitted by the Law. The Company shall at all times comply with the provisions of the Law in relation to the share premium account.

 

(2)       Before recommending any dividend, the Board may set aside out of the profits of the Company such sums as it determines as reserves which shall, at the discretion of the Board, be applicable for any purpose to which the profits of the Company may be properly applied and pending such application may, also at such discretion, either be employed in the business of the Company or be invested in such investments as the Board may from time to time think fit and so that it shall not be necessary to keep any investments constituting the reserve or reserves separate or distinct from any other investments of the Company. The Board may also without placing the same to reserve carry forward any profits which it may think prudent not to distribute.

 

 

CAPITALISATION

 

151.      The Company may, upon the recommendation of the Board, at any time and from time to time pass an ordinary resolution to the effect that it is desirable to capitalise all or any part of any amount for the time being standing to the credit of any reserve or fund (including a share premium account and capital redemption reserve and the profit and loss account) whether or not the same is available for distribution and accordingly that such amount be set free for distribution among the Members or any class of Members who would be entitled thereto if it were distributed by way of dividend and in the same proportions, on the footing that the same is not paid in cash but is applied either in or towards paying up the amounts for the time being unpaid on any shares in the Company held by such Members respectively or in paying up in full unissued shares, debentures or other obligations of the Company, to be allotted and distributed credited as fully paid up among such Members, or partly in one way and partly in the other, and the Board shall give effect to such resolution provided that, for the purposes  of this Article, a share premium account and any capital redemption reserve or fund representing unrealised profits, may be applied only in paying up in full unissued shares of the Company to be allotted to such Members credited as fully paid.

 

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152.      The Board may settle, as it considers appropriate, any difficulty arising in regard to any distribution under the last preceding Article and in particular may issue certificates in respect of fractions of shares or authorise any person to sell and transfer any fractions or may resolve that the distribution should be as nearly as may be practicable in the correct proportion but not exactly so or may ignore fractions altogether, and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any Members in order to adjust the rights of all parties, as may seem expedient to the Board.  The Board may appoint any person to sign on behalf of the persons entitled to participate in the distribution any contract necessary or desirable for giving effect thereto and such appointment shall be effective and binding upon the Members.

 

 

SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS, ORDERLY CONDUCT

AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION

 

153.      (1)     The Directors can put in place arrangement, both before and during any general meeting, which they consider to be appropriate for the proper and orderly conduct of the general meeting and the safety of people attending it.  This authority includes power to refuse physical or electronic entry to, or to physically or electronically remove from meetings, people who fail to comply with the arrangements.

 

(2)       The Chairman of a meeting can take any action he considers appropriate for proper and orderly conduct at a general meeting.  The Chairman's decision on points of order, matters of procedure or on matters that arise incidentally from the business of a meeting is final, as is the Chairman's decision on whether a point or matter is of this nature.

 

(3)       No shareholder at a general meeting is entitled to require disclosure of or any information about any detail of the Company's trading, or any matter that is or may be in the nature of a trade secret, commercial secret or secret process, or that may relate to the conduct of the business of the Company, if the directors decide it would be inexpedient in the interests of the company to make that information public.

 

 

ACCOUNTING RECORDS

 

154.      The Board shall cause true accounts to be kept of the sums of money received and expended by the Company, and the matters in respect of which such receipt and expenditure take place, and of the property, assets, credits and liabilities of the Company and of all other matters required by the Law or necessary to give a true and fair view of the Company's affairs and to explain its transactions.

 

155.      The accounting records shall be kept at the Office or, at such other place or places as the Board decides and shall always be open to inspection by the Directors. No Member (other than a Director) shall have any right of inspecting any accounting record or book or document of the Company except as conferred by law or authorised by the Board or the Company in general meeting.

 

156.      Subject to Article 157, a printed copy of the Directors' report, accompanied by the balance sheet and profit and loss account, including every document required by law to be annexed thereto, made up to the end of the applicable financial year and containing a summary of the assets and liabilities of the Company under convenient heads and a statement of income and expenditure, together with a copy of the Auditors' report, shall be sent to each person entitled thereto at least twenty-one (21) days before the date of the general meeting and at the same time as the notice of annual general meeting and laid before the Company at the annual general meeting held in accordance with Article 59 provided that this Article shall not require a copy of those documents to be sent to any person whose address the Company is not aware or to more than one of the joint holders of any shares or debentures.

 

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157.      Subject to due compliance with all applicable Statutes, rules and regulations, including, without limitation, the AIM Rules, and to obtaining all necessary consents, if any, required thereunder, the requirements of Article 156 shall be deemed satisfied in relation to any person by sending to the person in any manner not prohibited by the Statutes, a summary financial statement derived from the Company's annual accounts and the directors' report which shall be in the form and containing the information required by applicable laws and regulations, provided that any person who is otherwise entitled to the annual financial statements of the Company and the directors' report thereon may, if he so requires by notice in writing served on the Company, demand that the Company sends to him, in addition to a summary financial statement, a complete printed copy of the Company's annual financial statement and the directors' report thereon.

 

158.      The requirement to send to a person referred to in Article 156 the documents referred to in that article or a summary financial report in accordance with Article 157 shall be deemed satisfied where, in accordance with all applicable Statutes, rules and regulations, including, without limitation, the AIM Rules, the Company publishes copies of the documents referred to in Article 156 and, if applicable, a summary financial report complying with Article 157, on the Company's computer network or in any other permitted manner (including by sending any form of electronic communication), and that person has agreed or is deemed to have agreed to treat the publication or receipt of such documents in such manner as discharging the Company's obligation to send to him a copy of such documents.

 

 

AUDIT

 

159.      (1)     At the annual general meeting or at a subsequent extraordinary general meeting in each year, the Members shall appoint an auditor to audit the accounts of the Company and such auditor shall hold office until the next annual general meeting.  Such auditor may be a Member but no Director or officer or employee of the Company shall, during his continuance in office, be eligible to act as an auditor of the Company.

 

(2)      The Members may, at any general meeting convened and held in accordance with these Articles, by special resolution remove the Auditor at any time before the expiration of his term of office and shall by ordinary resolution at that meeting appoint another Auditor in his stead for the remainder of his term.

 

160.      Subject to the Law the accounts of the Company shall be audited at least once in every year.

 

161.      The remuneration of the Auditor shall be fixed by the Company in general meeting or in such manner as the Members may determine.

 

162.      If the office of auditor becomes vacant by the resignation or death of the Auditor, or by his becoming incapable of acting by reason of illness or other disability at a time when his services are required, the Directors shall fill the vacancy and fix the remuneration of the Auditor so appointed.

 

163.      The Auditor shall at all reasonable times have access to all books kept by the Company and to all accounts and vouchers relating thereto; and he may call on the Directors or officers of the Company for any information in their possession relating to the books or affairs of the Company.

 

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164.      The statement of income and expenditure and the balance sheet provided for by these Articles shall be examined by the Auditor and compared by him with the books, accounts and vouchers relating thereto; and he shall make a written report thereon stating whether such statement and balance sheet are drawn up so as to present fairly the financial position of the Company and the results of its operations for the period under review and, in case information shall have been called for from Directors or officers of the Company, whether the same has been furnished and has been satisfactory.  The financial statements of the Company shall be audited by the Auditor in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.  The Auditor shall make a written report thereon in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and the report of the Auditor shall be submitted to the Members in general meeting. The generally accepted auditing standards referred to herein may be those of a country or jurisdiction other than the Cayman Islands.  If so, the financial statements and the report of the Auditor should disclose this act and name such country or jurisdiction.

 

 

NOTICES

 

165.     Any Notice or document, whether or not, to be given or issued under these Articles from the Company to a Member shall be in writing or by cable, telex or facsimile transmission message or other form of electronic transmission or communication and any such Notice and document may be served or delivered by the Company on or to any Member either personally or by sending it through the post in a prepaid envelope addressed to such Member at his registered address as appearing in the Register or at any other address supplied by him to the Company for the purpose or, as the case may be, by transmitting it to any such address or transmitting it to any telex or facsimile transmission number or electronic number or address or website supplied by him to the Company for the giving of Notice to him or which the person transmitting the notice reasonably and bona fide believes at the relevant time will result in the Notice being duly received by the Member or may also be served by advertisement in appointed newspapers (as defined in the Law) or in newspapers published  daily and circulating generally  in  UK  or, to the extent permitted by the applicable laws, by placing it on the Company’s website or the website of the London Stock Exchange, and giving to the member a notice stating that the notice or other document is available there (a “notice of availability”).  The notice of availability may be given to the Member by any of the means set out above.  In the case of joint holders of a share all notices shall be given to that one of the joint holders whose name stands first in the Register and notice so given shall be deemed a sufficient service on or delivery to all the joint holders.

 

166.      Any Notice or other document:

 

(a)      if served or delivered by post, shall where appropriate be sent by airmail and shall be deemed to have been served or delivered on the day following that on which the envelope containing the same, properly prepaid and addressed, is put into the post; in proving such service or delivery it shall be sufficient to prove that the envelope or wrapper containing the notice or document was properly addressed and put into the post and a certificate in writing signed by the Secretary or other officer of the Company or other person appointed by the Board that the envelope or wrapper containing the notice or other document was so addressed and put into the post shall be conclusive evidence thereof;

 

(b)      if sent by electronic communication, shall be deemed to be given on the day on which it is transmitted from the server of the Company or its agent.  A notice placed on the Company’s website or the website of the London Stock Exchange, is deemed given by the Company to a Member on the day following that on which a notice of availability is deemed served on the Member; and

 

(c)      if served or delivered in any other manner contemplated by these Articles, shall be deemed to have been served or delivered at the time of personal service or delivery or, as the case may be, at the time of the relevant despatch or transmission; and in proving such service or delivery a certificate in writing signed by the Secretary or other officer of the Company or other person appointed by the Board as to the act and time of such service, delivery, despatch or transmission shall be conclusive evidence thereof.

 

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167.      (1)     Any Notice or other document delivered or sent by post to or left at  the registered address of any Member in pursuance of these Articles shall, notwithstanding that such Member is then dead or bankrupt or that any other event has occurred, and whether or not the Company has notice of the death or bankruptcy or other event, be deemed to have been duly served or delivered in respect of any share registered in the name of such Member as sole or joint holder unless his name shall, at the time of the service or delivery of the notice or document, have been removed from the Register as the holder of the share, and such service or delivery shall for all purposes be deemed a sufficient service or delivery of such Notice or document on all persons interested (whether jointly with or as claiming through or under him) in the share.

 

(2)     A notice may be given by the Company to the person entitled to a share in consequence of the death, mental disorder or bankruptcy of a Member by sending it through the post in a prepaid letter, envelope or wrapper addressed to him by name, or by the title of representative of the deceased, or trustee of the bankrupt, or by any like description, at the address, if any, supplied for the purpose by the person claiming to be so entitled, or (until such an address has been so supplied) by giving the notice in any manner in which the same might have been given if the death, mental disorder or bankruptcy had not occurred.

 

(3)     Any person who by operation of law, transfer or other means whatsoever shall become entitled to any share shall be bound by every notice in respect of such share which prior to his name and address being entered on the Register shall have been duly given to the person from whom he derives his title to such share.

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

168.      For the purposes of these Articles, a cable or telex or facsimile or electronic transmission message purporting to come from a holder of shares or, as the case may be, a Director or alternate Director, or, in the case of a corporation which is a holder of shares from a director or the secretary thereof or a duly appointed attorney or duly authorised representative thereof for it and on its behalf, shall in the absence of express evidence to the contrary available to the person relying thereon at the relevant time be deemed to be a document or instrument in writing signed by such holder or Director or alternate Director in the terms in which it is received.

 

 

WINDING UP

 

169.      (l)     The Board shall have power in the name and on behalf of the Company to present a petition to the court for the Company to be wound up.

 

(2)      A resolution that the Company be wound up by the court or be wound up voluntarily shall be a special resolution.

 

170.      (1)     Subject to any special rights, privileges or restrictions as to the distribution of available surplus assets on liquidation for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares (i) (if the Company shall be wound up and the assets available for distribution amongst the Members of the Company shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the capital paid up at the commencement of the winding up, the excess shall be distributed pari passu amongst such members in proportion to the amount paid up on the shares held by them respectively and (ii) if the Company shall be wound up and the assets available for distribution amongst the Members as such shall be insufficient to repay the whole of the paid-up capital such assets shall be distributed so that, as nearly as may be, the losses shall be borne by the Members in proportion to the capital paid up, or which ought to have been paid up, at the commencement of the winding up on the shares held by them respectively.

 

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(2)      If the Company shall be wound up (whether the liquidation is voluntary or by the court) the liquidator may, with the authority of a special resolution and any other sanction required by the Law, divide among the Members in specie or kind the whole or any part of the assets of the Company and whether or not the assets shall consist of properties of one kind or shall consist of properties to be divided as aforesaid of different kinds, and may for such purpose set such value as he deems fair upon any one or more class or classes of property and may determine how such division shall be carried out as between the Members or different classes of Members. The liquidator may, with the like authority, vest any part of the assets in trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of the Members as the liquidator with the like authority shall think fit, and the liquidation of the Company may be closed and the Company dissolved, but so that no contributory shall be compelled to accept any shares or other property in respect of which there is a liability.

 

 

INDEMNITY

 

171.      (1)  The Directors, Secretary and other officers and every Auditor for the time being of the Company and the liquidator or trustees (if any) for the time being acting in relation to any of the affairs of the Company and everyone of them, and everyone of their heirs, executors and administrators, shall be indemnified and secured harmless out of the assets and profits of the Company from and against all actions, costs, charges, losses, damages and expenses which they or any of them, their or any of their heirs, executors or administrators, shall or may incur or sustain by or by reason of any act done, concurred in or omitted in or about the execution of their duty, or supposed duty, in their respective offices or trusts; and none of them shall be answerable for the acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of the other or others of them or for joining in any receipts for the sake of conformity, or for any bankers or other persons with whom any moneys or effects belonging to the Company shall or may be lodged or deposited for safe custody, or for insufficiency or deficiency of any security upon which any moneys of or belonging to the Company shall be placed out on or invested, or for any other loss, misfortune or damage which may happen in the execution of their respective offices or trusts, or in relation thereto; PROVIDED THAT this indemnity shall not extend to any matter in respect of any fraud or dishonesty which may attach to any of said persons.

 

(2)       Each Member agrees to waive any claim or right of action he might have, whether individually or by or in the right of the Company, against any Director on account of any action taken by such Director, or the failure of such Director to take any action in the performance of his duties with or for the Company; PROVIDED THAT such waiver shall not extend to any matter in respect of any fraud or dishonesty which may attach to such Director.

 

 

AMENDMENT TO MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

AND NAME OF COMPANY

 

172.     No Article shall be rescinded, altered or amended and no new Article shall be made until the same has been approved by a special resolution of the Members. A special resolution shall be required to alter the provisions of the memorandum of association or to change the name of the Company.

 

 

INFORMATION

 

173.      No Member shall be entitled to require discovery of or any information respecting any detail of the Company's trading or any matter which is or may be in the nature of a trade secret or secret process which may relate to the conduct of the business of the Company and which in the opinion of the Directors it will be inexpedient in the interests of the members of the Company to communicate to the public.

 

 

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Exhibit 2.4

Description of Ordinary Shares

The following are summaries of material provisions of our currently effective amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and the Cayman Islands Companies Law (2020 Revision), or the Companies Law, insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares. You should read this summary together with our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association which have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, as exhibit 1.2 to amendment no. 1 to our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2019.

General

All of our outstanding shares are fully paid and non-assessable.  Our ordinary shares are issued in registered form and are issued when registered in our register of members. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their ordinary shares. Each ordinary share has US$0.10 par value.

Dividends

Under our memorandum and articles of association, our board of directors may from time to time declare dividends in any currency to be paid to the members but no dividend shall be declared in excess of the amount recommended by our board of directors. Dividends may be declared and paid out of the profits of our company, realized or unrealized, or from any reserve set aside from profits which our directors determine is no longer needed. With the sanction of an ordinary resolution, dividends may also be declared and paid out of share premium account or any other fund or account which can be authorized for this purpose in accordance with the Companies Law. Except in so far as the rights attaching to, or the terms of issue of, any share otherwise provide: (a) all dividends shall be declared and paid according to the amounts paid up on the shares in respect of which the dividend is paid, but no amount paid up on a share in advance of calls shall be treated for this purpose as paid up on that share; and (b) all dividends shall be apportioned and paid pro rata according to the amounts paid up on the shares during any portion or portions of the period in respect of which the dividend is paid.

Our board of directors may from time to time pay to the members such interim dividends as appear to the board of directors to be justified by the profits of our company, whenever such profits, in the opinion of our board of directors, justify such payment.

Our board of directors may deduct from any dividend or other moneys payable to a member by our company on or in respect of any shares all sums of money (if any) presently payable by such shareholder to our company on account of calls or otherwise.

No dividend or other moneys payable by our company on or in respect of any share shall bear interest against our company.

Any dividend, interest or other sum payable in cash to the holder of shares may be paid by check or warrant sent through the post addressed to the holder at his or her registered address or, in the case of joint holders, addressed to the holder whose name stands first in the register of members in respect of the shares at his or her address as appearing in the register of members or addressed to such person and at such address as the holder or joint holders may in writing direct. Every such check or warrant shall, unless the holder or joint holders otherwise direct, be made payable to the order of the holder or, in the case of joint holders, to the order of the holder whose name stands first on the register of members in respect of such shares, and shall be sent at his, her or their risk and payment of the check or warrant by the bank on which it is drawn shall constitute a good discharge to our company.

All dividends or bonuses unclaimed for one year after having been declared may be invested or otherwise made use of by our board of directors for the benefit of our company until claimed. Any dividend or bonuses unclaimed after a period of six years from the date of declaration shall be forfeited and shall revert to our company.

Whenever our board of directors has resolved that a dividend be paid or declared, our board of directors may further resolve that such dividend be satisfied wholly or in part by the distribution of specific assets of any kind and in particular of paid up shares, debentures or warrants to subscribe securities of our company or any other company, or in any one or more of such ways, and where any difficulty arises in regard to the distribution the board of directors may settle the same as it thinks expedient, and in particular may issue certificates in respect of fractions of shares, disregard fractional entitlements or round the same up or down, and may fix the value for distribution of such specific assets, or any part thereof, and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any of our members upon the footing of the value so fixed in order to adjust the rights of all parties, and may vest any such specific assets in trustees as may seem expedient to our board of directors and may appoint any person to sign any requisite instruments of transfer and other documents on behalf of the persons entitled to the dividend, and such appointment shall be effective and binding on our members.

 

 

 

Whenever our board of directors has resolved that a dividend be paid or declared on any class of the share capital of our company, our board of directors may further resolve either: (a) that such dividend be satisfied wholly or in part in the form of an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up, provided that our members entitled thereto will be entitled to elect to receive such dividend (or part thereof if our board of directors so determines) in cash in lieu of such allotment; or (b) that the members entitled to such dividend shall be entitled to elect to receive an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up in lieu of the whole or such part of the dividend as our board of directors may think fit. We may upon the recommendation of our board of directors by ordinary resolution resolve in respect of any one particular dividend of our company that notwithstanding the provisions as set out in our memorandum and articles of association in respect of the foregoing, a dividend may be satisfied wholly in the form of an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up without offering any right to shareholders to elect to receive such dividend in cash in lieu of such allotment.

Voting Rights

Under our memorandum and articles of association, subject to any special rights or restrictions as to voting for the time being attached to any shares by or in accordance with the articles of the association of our company, at any general meeting on a show of hands every member present in person (or being a corporation, is present by a duly authorized representative), or by proxy shall have one vote and on a poll every member present in person or by proxy or, in the case of a member being a corporation, by its duly authorized representative shall have one vote for every fully paid share of which he is the holder but so that no amount paid up or credited as paid up on a share in advance of calls or installments is treated for the foregoing purposes as paid up on the share. A resolution put to the vote of a meeting shall be decided on a show of hands unless (before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands or on the withdrawal of any other demand for a poll) a poll is demanded.

A poll may be demanded (a) by the chairman of such meeting, or (b) by at least five members present in person or in the case of a member being a corporation by its duly authorized representative or by proxy for the time being entitled to vote at the meeting, or (c) by a member or members present in person or in the case of a member being a corporation by its duly authorized representative or by proxy and representing not less than one-tenth of the total voting rights of all members having the right to vote at the meeting, or (d) by a member or members present in person or in the case of a member being a corporation by its duly authorized representative or by proxy and holding shares in our company conferring a right to vote at the meeting being shares on which an aggregate sum has been paid up equal to not less than one-tenth of the total sum paid up on all shares conferring that right.

No member shall, unless our board of directors otherwise determines, be entitled to attend and vote and to be reckoned in a quorum at any general meeting unless he or she is duly registered and all calls or other sums presently payable by him or her in respect of shares in our company have been paid. Furthermore, our memorandum and articles of association provide that if any member, or any other person appearing to be interested in shares held by such member, has been duly served with a notice issued by or on behalf of our company requiring disclosure of interests in shares pursuant to Section 793 of the Companies Act 2006 of England and Wales and is in default for the prescribed period referred to in the article of association of our company in supplying to our company the information thereby required, then the directors of our company may in their absolute discretion at any time thereafter serve a notice, called a Direction Notice, upon such member in accordance with the articles of association of our company, pursuant to which such member may be precluded from attending, voting or being reckoned in a quorum at any general meeting. The Direction Notice may direct that such member shall not be entitled to vote or exercise any right conferred by membership in relation to meetings of our company in respect of the shares to which the notice relates. Where the holding represents more than 25% of the share capital of our company, then the Direction Notice may additionally direct that (i) in respect of such shares, the payment of dividends or other money which would otherwise be payable on them may be withheld; and (ii) no transfer of any of the shares held by such member shall be registered unless: (a) the member is not himself in default as regards supplying the information required and (b) the transfer is of part only of the member’s holding and when presented for registration is accompanied by a certificate of the member in a form satisfactory to the directors to the effect that after due and careful enquiry the directors are satisfied that no person in default as regards supplying such information is interested in any of the shares which are the subject of the transfer.

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Under our memorandum and articles of association, an ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast by such members as, being entitled so to do, vote in person or, in the case of any member being a corporation, by its duly authorized representative or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting of which not less than 14 clear days’ notice has been duly given, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote passed by a majority of not less than three-fourths of votes cast by such members as, being entitled so to do, vote in person or, in the case of such members as are corporations, by their respective duly authorized representative or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting of which not less than 21 clear days’ notice, specifying (without prejudice to the power contained in the memorandum and articles of association of our company to amend the same) the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution, has been duly given. Provided that, except in the case of an annual general meeting, if it is so agreed by a majority in number of the members having the right to attend and vote at any such meeting, being a majority together holding not less than 95% in nominal value of the shares giving that right and in the case of an annual general meeting, if it is so agreed by all members of our company entitled to attend and vote thereat, a resolution may be proposed and passed as a special resolution at a meeting of which less than 21 clear days’ notice has been given. Both ordinary resolutions and special resolutions may also be passed by a unanimous written resolution signed by all the shareholders of our company, as permitted by the Companies Law and our memorandum and articles of association. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as a change of name or making changes to our memorandum and articles of association. Holders of the ordinary shares may, among other things, divide or consolidate their shares by ordinary resolution.

Subject to the provisions set forth below, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or in any other form approved by our board of directors.

Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, and without giving any reason therefor, refuse to register a transfer of any share (not being a fully paid up share) to a person whom it does not approve, or any share issued under any share incentive scheme for employees upon which a restriction on transfer imposed thereby still subsists, and it may also, without prejudice to the foregoing generality, refuse to register a transfer of any share to more than four joint holders or a transfer of any share (not being a fully paid up share) on which our company has a lien. Our board of directors may decline to recognize any instrument of transfer unless:

 

      a fee of such sum as our board of directors may from time to time require is paid to our company in respect thereof;

      the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of share;

      the instrument of transfer is lodged at the registered office of our company or such other place at which the register of members is kept in accordance with the Companies Law or the registration office (as the case may be) accompanied by the relevant share certificate(s) and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer (and, if the instrument of transfer is executed by some other person on his or her behalf, the authority of that person so to do); and

      if applicable, the instrument of transfer is duly and properly stamped.

If our board of directors refuses to register a transfer of any share, it shall, within two months after the date on which the transfer was lodged with our company, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.

Notwithstanding above, our board of directors may permit shares of any class to be held in uncertificated form to be transferred without an instrument of transfer by means of a relevant system, including CREST, an electronic settlement system for U.K. and Irish securities operated by Euroclear UK & Ireland Limited for the paperless settlement of securities in uncertificated form.

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Where any class of shares is a participating security and our company is entitled under the Companies Law, our memorandum and articles of association or any applicable regulations to sell, transfer, dispose of, forfeit, re-allot, accept the surrender of or otherwise enforce a lien over a share held in uncertificated form without an instrument of transfer, our company shall be entitled:

      to require the holder of that uncertificated share by notice to change that share into certificated form within the period specified in the notice and to hold that share in certificated form so long as required to require the holder of that uncertificated share by notice to give any instructions necessary to transfer title to that share by means of the relevant system within the period specified in the notice;

      to require the holder of that uncertificated share by notice to appoint any person to take any step, including without limitation the giving of any instructions by means of the relevant system, necessary to transfer that share within the period specified in the notice; and

      to take any action that our board of directors considers appropriate to achieve the sale, transfer, disposal of, forfeiture, re-allotment or surrender of that share or otherwise to enforce a lien in respect of it.

The registration of transfers of shares or of any class of shares may be suspended at such times and for such periods as our directors may from time to time determine, provided that the register of members shall not be closed for more than 30 days in any year.

Liquidation

Under our memorandum and articles of association, subject to any special rights, privileges or restrictions as to the distribution of available surplus assets on liquidation for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares (i) if our company shall be wound up and the assets available for distribution amongst the members of our company shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the capital paid up at the commencement of the winding up, the excess shall be distributed pari passu amongst such members in proportion to the amount paid up on the shares held by them respectively and (ii) if our company shall be wound up and the assets available for distribution amongst the members as such shall be insufficient to repay the whole of the paid-up capital such assets shall be distributed so that, as nearly as may be, the losses shall be borne by the members in proportion to the capital paid up, or which ought to have been paid up, at the commencement of the winding up on the shares held by them respectively.

If our company shall be wound up (whether the liquidation is voluntary or by the court) the liquidator may, with the authority of a special resolution and any other sanction required by the Companies Law, divide among the members in specie or kind the whole or any part of the assets of our company and whether or not the assets shall consist of properties of one kind or shall consist of properties to be divided as aforesaid of different kinds, and may for such purpose set such value as he or she deems fair upon any one or more class or classes of property and may determine how such division shall be carried out as between the members or different classes of members. The liquidator may, with the like authority, vest any part of the assets in trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of the members as the liquidator with the like authority shall think fit, and the liquidation of our company may be closed and our company dissolved, but so that no contributory shall be compelled to accept any shares or other property in respect of which there is a liability.

Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares

Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon members in respect of any moneys unpaid on their shares, and each member shall (subject to being given at least 14 clear days’ notice specifying the time and place of payment) pay to our company as required by such notice the amount called on such shares. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture. Notwithstanding any such forfeiture described above, our board of directors may at any time, before any shares so forfeited shall have been sold, re-alloted or otherwise disposed of, permit the forfeited shares to be bought back upon the terms of payment of all calls and interest due upon, and expenses incurred in respect of, the shares and upon further terms (if any) as it thinks fit. The forfeiture of a share shall not prejudice the right of our company to any call already made, or installment payable, thereon.

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Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Ordinary Shares

Under our memorandum and articles of association, subject to the Companies Law, our memorandum and articles of association and the AIM Rules for Companies, or the AIM Rules, as described below, any power of our company to purchase or otherwise acquire its own shares shall be exercisable by our board of directors in such manner, upon such terms and subject to such conditions as it thinks fit. Pursuant to the AIM Rules, there are certain restrictions on the purchase or early redemption of shares by an AIM-traded company during prescribed periods prior to the publication of financial results or when the company is in possession of non-public price sensitive information. Furthermore, under the Companies Law, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our company’s profits or out of the share premium account or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital if our company is able to, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Law no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a) unless it is fully paid, (b) if as a result of the redemption or repurchase would result in there being no issued shares of our company other than shares held as treasury shares. Under our memorandum and articles of association, our board of directors may accept the surrender of any share liable to be forfeited hereunder and, in such case, references in our memorandum and articles of association to forfeiture will include surrender.

Variations of Rights of Shares

According to our articles of association and without prejudice to our memorandum and articles of association, all or any of the special rights attached to the shares or any class of shares may, unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, from time to time, whether or not our company is being wound up, be varied, modified or abrogated either with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than three-fourths in nominal value of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. The special rights conferred upon the holders of any shares or class of shares shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided in the rights attaching to or the terms of issue of such shares, be deemed to be varied, modified or abrogated by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with such existing class of shares.

Issuance of Additional Shares and Pre-emptive Rights

Our memorandum and articles of association authorizes our board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares. Our memorandum and articles of association provides that, unless directed otherwise by special resolution, any new ordinary shares will be offered by the directors for subscription to the holders of the ordinary shares in such proportions as equal (as nearly as possible) the proportion of ordinary shares held by them respectively at that time.

Our memorandum and articles of association also provides that, subject to any special rights conferred on the holders of any shares or class of shares, any share in our company (whether forming part of the present capital or not) may be issued with or have attached thereto such rights or restrictions whether in regard to dividend, voting, return of capital or otherwise as our company may by ordinary resolution determine or, if there has not been any such determination or so far as the same shall not make specific provision, as our board of directors may determine.

Subject to any special rights conferred on the holders of any shares or attaching to any class of shares, shares may be issued on the terms that they may be, or at the option of our company or the holder are, liable to be redeemed on such terms and in such manner, including out of capital, as our board of directors may deem fit.

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Any preferred shares may be issued or converted into shares that, at a determinable date or at the option of our company or the holder if so authorized by our memorandum and articles of association, are liable to be redeemed on such terms and in such manner as our company before the issue or conversion may be ordinary resolution of the members determine.

Inspection of Books and Records

Our shareholders do not have a general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records.

Anti-Takeover Provisions

Some provisions of our memorandum and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that:

      authorize our board of directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders; and

      limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders.

However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our memorandum and articles of association for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.

General Meetings of Shareholders and Shareholder Proposals

Our shareholders’ general meetings may be held in such time and place within or outside the Cayman Islands as our board of directors considers appropriate.

As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by the Companies Law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Our memorandum and articles of association provide that we shall in each year hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting. Our board of directors may whenever it thinks fit call extraordinary general meetings.

Cayman Islands law does not provide shareholders with an express right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our memorandum and articles of association allow our shareholders holding shares representing in aggregate not less than one-tenth of the paid up capital of our company carrying the right of voting at general meetings of our company shall at all times have the right, by written requisition to our board of directors or the secretary of our company, to require an extraordinary general meeting to be called by the board of directors for the transaction of any business specified in such requisition; however, our memorandum and articles of association do not provide our shareholders with any right to put any proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders.

Exempted Company

We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Law. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands and the objects of which are to be carried out mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company.

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Register of Members

Under the Companies Law, our company must keep a register of members and there should be entered therein:

      the names and addresses of the members, the number and class of shares held by each member, and the amount paid or agreed to be considered as paid, on such shares;

      the date on which the name of any person was entered on the register as a member; and

      the date on which any person ceased to be a member.

In accordance with Section 48 of the Companies Law, the register of members is prima facie evidence of the registered holder or member of shares of a company. Therefore, a person becomes a registered holder or member of shares of our company only upon entry being made in the register of members. Upon the closing of this offering, the register of members will be immediately updated to record and give effect to the issue of shares by us to the depositary (or its nominee). Once our register of members has been updated, the shareholders recorded in the register of members should be deemed to have legal title to the shares set against their name.

If the name of any person is, without sufficient cause, entered in or omitted from our register of members, or if default is made or unnecessary delay takes place in entering on the register the fact of any person having ceased to be a member of our company, the person or member aggrieved (or any member of our company or our company itself) may apply to the Cayman Islands Grand Court for an order that the register be rectified, and the Court may either refuse such application or it may, if satisfied of the justice of the case, make an order for the rectification of the register.

Differences in Corporate Law

The Companies Law is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of England but does not follow recent U.K. statutory enactments, and accordingly there are significant differences between the Companies Law and the current Companies Act of England and Wales. In addition, the Companies Law differs from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Law applicable to our company and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders.

Mergers and Similar Arrangements

The Companies Law permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (a) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company and (b) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies in the consolidated company. A merger of two or more constituent companies under Cayman Islands law requires a plan of merger or consolidation to be approved by the directors of each constituent company and (a) authorization by a special resolution of the members of each constituent company and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association.

A merger between a Cayman Islands parent company and its Cayman Islands subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders. For this purpose, a subsidiary is a company of which at least 90% of the votes represented by issued shares of the subsidiary company are held by the parent company.

The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.

Save in certain circumstances, a dissident shareholder of a Cayman Islands constituent company is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares upon dissenting to a merger or consolidation. The exercise of appraisal rights will preclude the exercise of any other rights save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.

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In addition, there are statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies, provided that the scheme of arrangement is approved by a majority in number of each class of shareholders or creditors (representing 75% by value) with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must, in addition represent three-fourths in value of each such class of shareholders or creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the Grand Court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:

      the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;

      the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;

      the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and

      the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Law.

When a takeover offer is made and accepted by holders of 90% in value of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud or bad faith.

If an arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, the dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.

Shareholders’ Suits

The Cayman Islands Grand Court Rules allow shareholders to seek leave to bring derivative actions in the name of the company against wrongdoers. In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff and a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, exceptions to the foregoing principle apply in circumstances in which:

      a company is acting or proposing to act illegally or beyond the scope of its authority;

      the act complained of, although not beyond the scope of the company’s authority, could be effected if authorized by more than a simple majority vote which has not been obtained; or

      those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.”

Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability

Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our memorandum and articles of association require us to indemnify our officers and directors for losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred in their capacities as such unless such losses or damages arise from dishonesty or fraud of such directors or officers. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.

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In addition, upon completion of this offering we expect to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our memorandum and articles of association to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Duties of Directors

Under Cayman Islands law, our directors have a fiduciary duty to act honestly, in good faith, with skill and care and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a duty to exercise skills they actually possess and such care and diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time. Our company has the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached. Our board of directors has all the powers necessary for managing, and for directing and supervising, our business affairs. The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:

      convening shareholders’ annual general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings;

      declaring dividends and distributions;

      appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;

      exercising the borrowing powers of our company and mortgaging the property of our company; and

      approving the transfer of shares in our company, including the registration of such shares in our share register.

A director who is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or proposed contract with our company shall declare the nature of his or her interest at a meeting of the directors in accordance with the Companies Law and our articles of association. Except as provided in the memorandum and articles of association of our company, a director shall not vote in respect of any contract, arrangement, transaction or any other proposal whatsoever in which he has an interest which (together with any interest of any person connected with him) is a material interest otherwise than by virtue of his or her interests in shares or debentures or other securities of or otherwise in or through our company. A director of our company may not be counted in the quorum at a meeting in relation to any resolution on which that director is prohibited from voting. Our directors may exercise all the powers of our company to borrow money, mortgage our undertaking, property and uncalled capital and issue debentures or other securities whether outright or as collateral security for any debt, liability or obligation of our company or of any third party.

Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.

Cayman Islands laws do not restrict transactions with directors but a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and a director is required to exercise a duty of care, a duty to act bona fide in the best interests of the company, a duty not to make a profit based on his or her position as director (unless the company permits him to do so) and a duty not to put himself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his or her personal interest or his or her duty to a third party. A director of a Cayman Islands company also owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care.

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Shareholder Action by Written Consent

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands laws and our articles of association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.

Shareholder Proposals

The Delaware General Corporation Law does not provide shareholders an express right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, but in keeping with common law, Delaware corporations generally afford shareholders an opportunity to make proposals and nominations provided that they comply with the notice provisions in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws. The Companies Law does not provide shareholders with an express right to put forth any proposal before the annual general meeting of the shareholders. However, depending on what is stipulated in a company’s articles of association, shareholders in an exempted Cayman Islands company may make proposals in accordance with the relevant shareholder requisition provisions. For shares that are represented by ADSs, the depositary in many cases may be the only shareholder. In such cases, only the depositary has the direct right to requisition a shareholders’ meeting. However, unless otherwise provided in the deposit agreement, the holders of the ADSs generally do not have the right to petition the depositary to requisition a shareholders’ meeting or to put forth shareholder proposals through the depositary.

Cumulative Voting

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands, but our articles of association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.

Removal of Directors

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our memorandum and articles of association, directors may be removed by special resolution of our shareholders.

Transactions with Interested Shareholders

The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting share within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.

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Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute.

Dissolution; Winding up

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board.

A Cayman Islands company may be wound up compulsorily by order of the Court of the Cayman Islands, voluntarily or under supervision of the Court of the Cayman Islands. The Court of the Cayman Islands has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the Court, just and equitable to do so.

A company may be wound up voluntarily when the members so resolve in general meeting by special resolution, or, in the case of a limited duration company, when the period fixed for the duration of the company by its memorandum expires, or the event occurs on the occurrence of which the memorandum provides that the company is to be dissolved, or, the company does not commence business for a year from its incorporation (or suspends its business for a year), or, the company is unable to pay its debts. In the case of a voluntary winding up, such company is obliged to cease to carry on its business from the time of passing the resolution for voluntary winding up or upon the expiry of the period or the occurrence of the event referred to above.

Variation of Rights of Shares

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute.

Amendment of Governing Documents

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law, our memorandum and articles of association may only be amended with a special resolution of our shareholders

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Exhibit 2.5

Description of American Depositary Shares

Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas serves as the depositary bank for our American depositary shares, or ADSs, each of which represents ownership of five ordinary shares, deposited with Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch, as custodian for the depositary.  Each ADS will also represent ownership of any other securities, cash or other property which may be held by the depositary.  The depositary’s corporate trust office at which the ADSs are administered is located at 60 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005, USA.  The principal executive office of the depositary is located at the same address.

The Direct Registration System, or DRS, is a system administered by The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, pursuant to which the depositary may register the ownership of uncertificated ADSs, which ownership shall be evidenced by periodic statements issued by the depositary to the ADS holders entitled thereto.

We do not treat ADS holders as our shareholders and accordingly, you, as an ADS holder, will not have shareholder rights.  Cayman Islands law governs shareholder rights.  The depositary will be the holder of the ordinary shares underlying your ADSs.  As a holder of ADSs, you will have ADS holder rights.  A deposit agreement among us, the depositary and you, as an ADS holder, and the beneficial owners of ADSs sets out ADS holder rights as well as the rights and obligations of the depositary.  The laws of the State of New York govern the deposit agreement and the ADSs.

The following is a summary of the material provisions of the deposit agreement.  For more complete information, you should read the entire deposit agreement and the form of American depositary receipt which have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, as exhibit 4.1 to amendment no. 4 to our registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-207447) (filed with the SEC on March 4, 2016) and the amendment to the deposit agreement which has been filed as exhibit (a)(2) to post-effective amendment no. 1 to our registration statement on Form F-6 (file no. 333-209930) (filed with the SEC on May 29, 2019).

Holding the ADSs

How will you hold your ADSs?

You may hold ADSs either (1) directly (a) by having an American Depositary Receipt, or ADR, which is a certificate evidencing a specific number of ADSs, registered in your name, or (b) by holding ADSs in DRS, or (2) indirectly through your broker or other financial institution.  If you hold ADSs directly, you are an ADS holder.  This description assumes you hold your ADSs directly.  If you hold the ADSs indirectly, you must rely on the procedures of your broker or other financial institution to assert the rights of ADS holders described in this section.  You should consult with your broker or financial institution to find out what those procedures are.

Dividends and Other Distributions

How will you receive dividends and other distributions on the shares?

The depositary has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on ordinary shares or other deposited securities, after deducting its fees and expenses and any applicable taxes and governmental charges.  You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of ordinary shares your ADSs represent as of the record date (which will be as close as practicable to the record date for our ordinary shares) set by the depositary with respect to the ADSs.

             Cash.  The depositary will convert or cause to be converted any cash dividend or other cash distribution we pay on the ordinary shares or any net proceeds from the sale of any ordinary shares, rights, securities or other entitlements under the terms of the deposit agreement into U.S. dollars if it can do so on a practicable basis, and can transfer the U.S. dollars to the United States and will distribute promptly the amount thus received.  If the depositary shall determine in its judgment that such conversions or transfers are not practical or lawful or if any government approval or license is needed and cannot be obtained at a reasonable cost within a reasonable period or otherwise sought, the deposit agreement allows the depositary to distribute the foreign currency to those ADS holders.  It will hold the foreign currency it cannot convert for the account of the ADS holders who have not been paid and such funds will be held or the respective accounts of the ADS holders.  It will not invest the foreign currency and it will not be liable for any interest for the respective accounts of the ADS holders.

 

 

 

 

 

Before making a distribution, any taxes or other governmental charges, together with fees and expenses of the depositary, that must be paid, will be deducted.  See “—Payment of Taxes.” It will distribute only whole U.S. dollars and cents and will round fractional cents down to the nearest whole cent.  If the exchange rates fluctuate during a time when the depositary cannot convert the foreign currency, you may lose some or all of the value of the distribution.

             Shares.  For any ordinary shares we distribute as a dividend or free distribution, either (1) the depositary will distribute additional ADSs representing such ordinary shares or (2) existing ADSs as of the applicable record date will represent rights and interests in the additional ordinary shares distributed, to the extent reasonably practicable and permissible under law, in either case, net of applicable fees, charges and expenses incurred by the depositary and taxes and/or other governmental charges.  The depositary will only distribute ADSs representing a whole number of ordinary shares.  The depositary may sell a portion of the distributed ordinary shares sufficient to pay its fees and expenses in connection with that distribution.

             Elective Distributions in Cash or Shares.  If we offer holders of our ordinary shares the option to receive dividends in either cash or shares, the depositary, after consultation with us and having received timely notice as described in the deposit agreement of such elective distribution by us, has discretion to determine to what extent such elective distribution will be made available to you as a holder of the ADSs.  We must timely first instruct the depositary to make such elective distribution available to you and furnish it with satisfactory evidence that it is legal to do so.  The depositary could decide it is not legal or reasonably practicable to make such elective distribution available to you.  In such case, the depositary shall, on the basis of the same determination as is made in respect of the ordinary shares for which no election is made, distribute either cash in the same way as it does in a cash distribution, or additional ADSs representing ordinary shares in the same way as it does in a share distribution.  The depositary is not obligated to make available to you a method to receive the elective dividend in shares rather than in ADSs.  There can be no assurance that you will be given the opportunity to receive elective distributions on the same terms and conditions as the holders of ordinary shares.

             Rights to Purchase Additional Shares.  If we offer holders of our ordinary shares any rights to subscribe for additional shares, the depositary shall having received timely notice as described in the deposit agreement of such distribution by us, consult with us, and we must determine whether it is lawful and reasonably practicable to make these rights available to you.  We must first instruct the depositary to make such rights available to you and furnish the depositary with satisfactory evidence that it is legal to do so.  If the depositary decides it is not legal or reasonably practicable to make the rights available but that it is lawful and reasonably practicable to sell the rights, the depositary will, if timing and market conditions permit, endeavor to sell the rights and in a riskless principal capacity or otherwise, at such place and upon such terms (including public or private sale) as it may deem proper and distribute the net proceeds in the same way as it does with cash.  The depositary will allow rights that are not distributed or sold to lapse.  In that case, you will receive no value for them.

If the depositary makes rights available to you, it will establish procedures to distribute such rights and enable you to exercise the rights upon your payment of applicable fees, charges and expenses incurred by the depositary and taxes and/or other governmental charges.  The Depositary shall not be obliged to make available to you a method to exercise such rights to subscribe for ordinary shares (rather than ADSs).

U.S. securities laws may restrict transfers and cancellation of the ADSs representing ordinary shares purchased upon exercise of rights.  For example, you may not be able to trade these ADSs freely in the United States.  In this case, the depositary may deliver restricted depositary shares that have the same terms as the ADSs described in this section except for changes needed to put the necessary restrictions in place.

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There can be no assurance that you will be given the opportunity to exercise rights on the same terms and conditions as the holders of ordinary shares or be able to exercise such rights.

             Other Distributions.  Subject to receipt of timely notice, as described in the deposit agreement, from us with the request to make any such distribution available to you, and provided the depositary has determined such distribution is lawful and reasonably practicable and feasible and in accordance with the terms of the deposit agreement, the depositary will distribute to you anything else we distribute on deposited securities by any means it may deem practicable, upon your payment of applicable fees, charges and expenses incurred by the depositary and taxes and/or other governmental charges.  If any of the conditions above are not met, the depositary will endeavor to sell, or cause to be sold, what we distributed and distribute the net proceeds in the same way as it does with cash; or, if it is unable to sell such property, the depositary may dispose of such property in any way it deems reasonably practicable under the circumstances for nominal or no consideration, such that you may have no rights to or arising from such property.

The depositary is not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any ADS holders.  We have no obligation to register ADSs, shares, rights or other securities under the Securities Act of 1933, or the Securities Act.  We also have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of ADSs, shares, rights or anything else to ADS holders.  This means that you may not receive the distributions we make on our shares or any value for them if we and/or the depositary determines that it is illegal or not practicable for us or the depositary to make them available to you.

Deposit, Withdrawal and Cancellation

How are ADSs issued?

The depositary will deliver ADSs if you or your broker deposit ordinary shares or evidence of rights to receive ordinary shares with the custodian.  Upon payment of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, the depositary will register the appropriate number of ADSs in the names you request and will deliver the ADSs to or upon the order of the person or persons entitled thereto.  The depositary will not accept the deposit of fractional ordinary shares and therefore will only issue ADSs representing a whole number of ordinary shares.

How do ADS holders cancel an American Depositary Share?

You may turn in your ADSs at the depositary’s corporate trust office or by providing appropriate instructions to your broker.  Upon payment of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, the depositary will deliver the ordinary shares and any other deposited securities underlying the ADSs to you or a person you designate at the office of the custodian.  Or, at your request, risk and expense, the depositary will deliver the deposited securities at its corporate trust office, to the extent permitted by law.  Please keep in mind that the depositary will only accept ADSs for cancellation that represent a whole number of securities on deposit.

How do ADS holders interchange between Certificated ADSs and Uncertificated ADSs?

You may surrender your ADR to the depositary for the purpose of exchanging your ADR for uncertificated ADSs.  The depositary will cancel that ADR and will send you a statement confirming that you are the owner of uncertificated ADSs.  Alternatively, upon receipt by the depositary of a proper instruction from a holder of uncertificated ADSs requesting the exchange of uncertificated ADSs for certificated ADSs, the depositary will execute and deliver to you an ADR evidencing those ADSs.

Voting Rights

How do you vote?

You may instruct the depositary to vote, or cause the custodian to vote, the ordinary shares or other deposited securities underlying your ADSs at any meeting at which you are entitled to vote pursuant to any applicable law, the provisions of the deposit agreement, the provisions of our memorandum and articles of association, and the provisions of or governing the deposited securities.  Otherwise, you could exercise your

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right to vote directly if you withdraw the ordinary shares.  However, you may not know about the meeting sufficiently enough in advance to withdraw the ordinary shares.

If we ask for your instructions and upon timely notice from us by regular, ordinary mail delivery, or by electronic transmission, as described in the deposit agreement, the depositary will notify you of the upcoming meeting at which you are entitled to vote pursuant to any applicable law, the provisions of our memorandum and articles of association, and the provisions of or governing the deposited securities, and arrange to deliver our voting materials to you.

The materials will include or reproduce (a) such notice of meeting or solicitation of consents or proxies; (b) a statement that the ADS holders at the close of business on the ADS record date will be entitled, subject to any applicable law, the provisions of our memorandum and articles of association, and the provisions of or governing the deposited securities, to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights, if any, pertaining to the ordinary shares or other deposited securities represented by such holder’s ADSs; and (c) a brief statement as to the manner in which such instructions may be given to the depositary or in which voting instructions may be deemed to have been given, including an express indication that instructions may be given (or be deemed to have been given if no instruction is received) to the depositary to give a discretionary proxy to a person or persons designated by us.  Voting instructions may be given only in respect of a number of ADSs representing an integral number of ordinary shares or other deposited securities.  For instructions to be valid, the depositary must receive them in writing on or before the date specified.  The depositary will endeavor, as far as practicable and permitted under applicable law, the provisions of the deposit agreement, the provisions of our memorandum and articles of association, and the provisions of or governing the deposited securities, to vote, or cause the custodian to vote, the ordinary shares or other deposited securities (in person or by proxy) as you instruct.

We cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote the ordinary shares underlying your ADSs.  In addition, there can be no assurance that ADS holders and beneficial owners generally, or any holder or beneficial owner in particular, will be given the opportunity to vote or cause the custodian to vote on the same terms and conditions as the holders of our ordinary shares.

In the event that the depositary (i) does not receive timely voting instructions from you, or (ii) receives timely voting instructions that fail to specify the manner in which the depositary is to vote, the depositary will (unless otherwise specified in the voting materials distributed to you) deem that you have instructed the depositary to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us with respect to such deposited securities, and the depositary will give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us to vote such deposited securities.  However, no such instruction will be deemed to have been given and no such discretionary proxy will be given with respect to any matter if we inform the depositary that we do not wish such proxy to be given, that substantial opposition exists or that the matter materially and adversely affects the rights of holders of the ordinary shares.

In the event that voting on any resolution or matter is conducted on a show of hands basis in accordance with our memorandum and articles of association, the depositary will refrain from voting and the voting instructions (or the deemed voting instructions, as set out above) received by the depositary from you will lapse.  The depositary will have no obligation to demand, voting on a poll basis with respect to any resolution and will not be liable for not having voting on a poll basis.

Neither the depositary nor the custodian will (i) exercise any discretion as to voting or (ii) vote, attempt to exercise the right to vote, or in any way make use of for purposes of establishing a quorum or otherwise, the ordinary shares or other deposited securities underlying your ADSs except pursuant to your written instructions, including the deemed instruction to the depositary to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us.  For the purpose of establishing a quorum at a shareholder meeting and subject to applicable law, regulation and our memorandum and articles of association, if we request in writing, the depositary will represent all deposited securities underlying your ADSs whether or not it has received voting instructions from you for the purpose of establishing a quorum at a meeting of shareholders.

The depositary is not liable for failing to carry out voting instructions or for the manner or effect of any such vote.  This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to vote and you may have no recourse if the ordinary shares underlying your ADSs are not voted as you requested.

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In order to give you a reasonable opportunity to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of voting rights relating to deposited securities, if we request the depositary to act, we will give the depositary notice of any such meeting and details concerning the matters to be voted at least 30 days in advance of the meeting date.

Compliance with Regulations

Information Requests

Each ADS holder and beneficial owner shall (a) provide such information as we or the depositary may request pursuant to law, including, without limitation, relevant Cayman Islands law, any applicable law of the United States, our memorandum and articles of association, any resolutions of our Board of Directors adopted pursuant to such memorandum and articles of association, the requirements of any markets or exchanges upon which the ordinary shares, depositary interests of the Company, ADSs or ADRs are listed or traded, or to any requirements of any electronic book-entry system by which the ADSs or ADRs may be transferred, regarding the capacity in which they own or owned ADRs, the identity of any other persons then or previously interested in such ADRs and the nature of such interest, and any other applicable matters, and (b) be bound by and subject to applicable provisions of the laws of the Cayman Islands, our memorandum and articles of association, and the requirements of any markets or exchanges upon which the ADSs, depositary interests of the Company, ADRs or ordinary shares are listed or traded, or pursuant to any requirements of any electronic book-entry system by which the ADSs, ADRs or ordinary shares may be transferred, to the same extent as if such ADS holder or beneficial owner held ordinary shares directly, in each case irrespective of whether or not they are ADS holders or beneficial owners at the time such request is made.

Disclosure of Interests

Each ADS holder and beneficial owner shall comply with our requests pursuant to Cayman Islands law, the rules and requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market and any other stock exchange on which the ordinary shares or depositary interests of the Company are, or will be, registered, traded or listed or our memorandum and articles of association, which requests are made to provide information, inter alia, as to the capacity in which such ADS holder or beneficial owner owns ADSs and regarding the identity of another person interested in such ADSs and the nature of such interest and various other matters, whether or not they are ADS holders or beneficial owners at the time of such requests.

Fees and Expenses

As an ADS holder, you will be required to pay the following service fees to the depositary bank and certain taxes and governmental charges (in addition to any applicable fees, expenses, taxes and other governmental charges payable on the deposited securities represented by any of your ADSs):

 

 

 

 

Service

    

Fees

    To any person to which ADSs are issued or to any person to which a distribution is made in respect of ADS distributions pursuant to stock dividends or other free distributions of stock, bonus distributions, stock splits or other distributions (except where converted to cash)

 

Up to US$0.05 per ADS issued

    Cancellation or withdrawal of ADSs, including the case of termination of the deposit agreement

 

Up to US$0.05 per ADS cancelled

    Distribution of cash dividends

 

Up to US$0.05 per ADS held

    Distribution of cash entitlements (other than cash dividends) and/or cash proceeds from the sale of rights, securities and other entitlements

 

Up to US$0.05 per ADS held

    Distribution of ADSs pursuant to exercise of rights

 

Up to US$0.05 per ADS held

    Depositary services

 

Up to US$0.05 per ADS held on the applicable record date(s) established by the depositary bank (an annual fee)

 

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As an ADS holder, you will also be responsible to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by the depositary bank and certain taxes and governmental charges (in addition to any applicable fees, expenses, taxes and other governmental charges payable on the deposited securities represented by any of your ADSs) such as:

             Fees for the transfer and registration of ordinary shares charged by the registrar and transfer agent for the ordinary shares in the Cayman Islands (i.e., upon deposit and withdrawal of ordinary shares).

             Expenses incurred for converting foreign currency into U.S. dollars.

             Expenses for cable, telex and fax transmissions and for delivery of securities.

             Taxes and duties upon the transfer of securities, including any applicable stamp duties, any stock transfer charges or withholding taxes (i.e., when ordinary shares are deposited or withdrawn from deposit).

             Fees and expenses incurred in connection with the delivery or servicing of ordinary shares on deposit.

             Fees and expenses incurred in connection with complying with exchange control regulations and other regulatory requirements applicable to ordinary shares, ordinary shares deposited securities, ADSs and ADRs.

             Any applicable fees and penalties thereon.

The depositary fees payable upon the issuance and cancellation of ADSs are typically paid to the depositary bank by the brokers (on behalf of their clients) receiving the newly issued ADSs from the depositary bank and by the brokers (on behalf of their clients) delivering the ADSs to the depositary bank for cancellation.  The brokers in turn charge these fees to their clients.  Depositary fees payable in connection with distributions of cash or securities to ADS holders and the depositary services fee are charged by the depositary bank to the holders of record of ADSs as of the applicable ADS record date.

The depositary fees payable for cash distributions are generally deducted from the cash being distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees.  In the case of distributions other than cash (i.e., share dividends, rights), the depositary bank charges the applicable fee to the ADS record date holders concurrent with the distribution.  In the case of ADSs registered in the name of the investor (whether certificated or uncertificated in direct registration), the depositary bank sends invoices to the applicable record date ADS holders.  In the case of ADSs held in brokerage and custodian accounts (via DTC), the depositary bank generally collects its fees through the systems provided by DTC (whose nominee is the registered holder of the ADSs held in DTC) from the brokers and custodians holding ADSs in their DTC accounts.  The brokers and custodians who hold their clients’ ADSs in DTC accounts in turn charge their clients’ accounts the amount of the fees paid to the depositary banks.

In the event of refusal to pay the depositary fees, the depositary bank may, under the terms of the deposit agreement, refuse the requested service until payment is received or may set off the amount of the depositary fees from any distribution to be made to the ADS holder.

The depositary has agreed to pay certain amounts to us in exchange for its appointment as depositary.  We may use these funds towards our expenses relating to the establishment and maintenance of the ADR program, including investor relations expenses, or otherwise as we see fit.  The depositary may pay us a fixed amount, it may pay us a portion of the fees collected by the depositary from holders of ADSs, and it may pay specific expenses incurred by us in connection with the ADR program.  Neither the depositary nor we may be able to determine the aggregate amount to be paid to us because (i) the number of ADSs that will be issued and outstanding and the level of dividend and/or servicing fees to be charged may vary, and (ii) our expenses related to the program may not be known at this time.

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Payment of Taxes

You will be responsible for any taxes or other governmental charges payable, or which become payable, on your ADSs or on the deposited securities represented by any of your ADSs.  The depositary may refuse to register or transfer your ADSs or allow you to withdraw the deposited securities represented by your ADSs until such taxes or other charges are paid.  It may apply payments owed to you or sell deposited securities represented by your ADSs to pay any taxes owed and you will remain liable for any deficiency.  If the depositary sells deposited securities, it will, if appropriate, reduce the number of ADSs to reflect the sale and pay to you any net proceeds, or send to you any property, remaining after it has paid the taxes.  You agree to indemnify us, the depositary, the custodian and each of our and their respective agents, directors, employees and affiliates for, and hold each of them harmless from, any claims with respect to taxes (including applicable interest and penalties thereon) arising out of any refund of taxes, reduced rate of withholding at source or other tax benefit obtained for you.  Your obligations under this paragraph shall survive any transfer of ADRs, any surrender of ADRs and withdrawal of deposited securities or the termination of the deposit agreement.

Reclassifications, Recapitalizations and Mergers

 

 

 

 

If we:

    

Then:

Change the nominal or par value of our ordinary shares

 

The cash, shares or other securities received by the depositary will become deposited securities.

Reclassify, split up or consolidate any of the deposited securities

 

Each ADS will automatically represent its equal share of the new deposited securities.

Distribute securities on the ordinary shares that are not distributed to you, or recapitalize, reorganize, merge, liquidate, sell all or substantially all of our assets, or take any similar action

 

The depositary may distribute some or all of the cash, shares or other securities it received.  It may also deliver new ADSs or ask you to surrender your outstanding ADRs in exchange for new ADRs identifying the new deposited securities.

 

Amendment and Termination

How may the deposit agreement be amended?

We may agree with the depositary to amend the deposit agreement and the form of ADR without your consent for any reason.  If an amendment adds or increases fees or charges, except for taxes and other governmental charges or expenses of the depositary for registration fees, facsimile costs, delivery charges or similar items, including expenses incurred in connection with foreign exchange control regulations and other charges specifically payable by ADS holders under the deposit agreement, or materially prejudices a substantial existing right of ADS holders, it will not become effective for outstanding ADSs until 30 days after the depositary notifies ADS holders of the amendment.  At the time an amendment becomes effective, you are considered, by continuing to hold your ADSs, to agree to the amendment and to be bound by the ADRs and the deposit agreement as amended.  If any new laws are adopted which would require the deposit agreement to be amended in order to comply therewith, we and the depositary may amend the deposit agreement in accordance with such laws and such amendment may become effective before notice thereof is given to ADS holders.

How may the deposit agreement be terminated?

The depositary will terminate the deposit agreement if we ask it to do so, in which case the depositary will give notice to you at least 90 days prior to termination.  The depositary may also terminate the deposit agreement if the depositary has told us that it would like to resign, or if we have removed the depositary, and in either case we have not appointed a new depositary within 90 days.  In either such case, the depositary must notify you at least 30 days before termination.

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After termination, the depositary and its agents will do the following under the deposit agreement but nothing else:  collect distributions on the deposited securities, sell rights and other property and deliver ordinary shares and other deposited securities upon cancellation of ADSs after payment of any fees, charges, taxes or other governmental charges.  Six months or more after the date of termination, the depositary may sell any remaining deposited securities by public or private sale.  After that, the depositary will hold the money it received on the sale, as well as any other cash it is holding under the deposit agreement, for the pro rata benefit of the ADS holders that have not surrendered their ADSs.  It will not invest the money and has no liability for interest.  After such sale, the depositary’s only obligations will be to account for the money and other cash.  After termination, we shall be discharged from all obligations under the deposit agreement except for our obligations to the depositary thereunder.

Books of Depositary

The depositary maintains ADS holder records at its depositary office.  You may inspect such records at such office during regular business hours but solely for the purpose of communicating with other holders in the interest of business matters relating to the Company, the ADRs and the deposit agreement.

The depositary maintains facilities in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York to record and process the issuance, cancellation, combination, split-up and transfer of ADRs.

These facilities may be closed at any time or from time to time when such action is deemed necessary or advisable by the depositary in connection with the performance of its duties under the deposit agreement.

Limitations on Obligations and Liability

Limits on our Obligations and the Obligations of the Depositary and the Custodian; Limits on Liability to Holders of ADSs

The deposit agreement expressly limits our obligations and the obligations of the depositary and the custodian.  It also limits our liability and the liability of the depositary.  The depositary and the custodian:

             are only obligated to take the actions specifically set forth in the deposit agreement without gross negligence or willful misconduct;

             are not liable if any of us or our respective controlling persons or agents are prevented or forbidden from, or subjected to any civil or criminal penalty or restraint on account of, or delayed in, doing or performing any act or thing required by the terms of the deposit agreement and any ADR, by reason of any provision of any present or future law or regulation of the United States or any state thereof, the Cayman Islands or any other country, or of any other governmental authority or regulatory authority or stock exchange, or on account of the possible criminal or civil penalties or restraint, or by reason of any provision, present or future, of our memorandum and articles of association or any provision of or governing any deposited securities, or by reason of any act of God or war or other circumstances beyond its control (including, without limitation, nationalization, expropriation, currency restrictions, work stoppage, strikes, civil unrest, revolutions, rebellions, explosions and computer failure);

             are not liable by reason of any exercise of, or failure to exercise, any discretion provided for in the deposit agreement or in our memorandum and articles of association or provisions of or governing deposited securities;

             are not liable for any action or inaction of the depositary, the custodian or us or their or our respective controlling persons or agents in reliance upon the advice of or information from legal counsel, accountants, any person presenting ordinary shares for deposit, any holder or beneficial owner (or authorized representative thereof) of ADSs or any other person believed by it in good faith to be competent to give such advice or information;

             are not liable for the inability of any holder of ADSs to benefit from any distribution on deposited securities that is not made available to holders of ADSs under the terms of the deposit agreement;

             are not liable for any indirect, special, consequential or punitive damages for any breach of the terms of the deposit agreement, or otherwise;

             may rely upon any documents we believe in good faith to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party; and

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             disclaim any liability for inability of any holder to benefit from any distribution, offering, right or other benefit made available to holders of deposited securities but not made available to holders of ADSs.

The depositary and any of its agents also disclaim any liability (i) for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote, the manner in which any vote is cast or the effect of any vote or failure to determine that any distribution or action may be lawful or reasonably practicable or for allowing any rights to lapse in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement, (ii) the failure or timeliness of any notice from us, the content of any information submitted to it by us for distribution to you or for any inaccuracy of any translation thereof, (iii) any investment risk associated with the acquisition of an interest in the deposited securities, the validity or worth of the deposited securities, the credit-worthiness of any third party, (iv) for any tax consequences that may result from ownership of ADSs, ordinary shares or deposited securities, or (vi) for any acts or omissions made by a successor depositary whether in connection with a previous act or omission of the depositary or in connection with any matter arising wholly after the removal or resignation of the depositary, provided that in connection with the issue out of which such potential liability arises the depositary performed its obligations without gross negligence or willful misconduct while it acted as depositary.

In addition, the deposit agreement provides that each party to the deposit agreement (including each holder, beneficial owner and holder of interests in the ADRs) irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any right it may have to a trial by jury in any lawsuit or proceeding against the depositary or our company related to our shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement.

In the deposit agreement, we and the depositary agree to indemnify each other under certain circumstances.

Limitations on Deposits of Securities

The depositary shall not knowingly accept for deposit under the deposit agreement any ordinary shares or other deposited securities required to be registered under the provisions of the Securities Act, unless a registration statement is in effect with respect thereto.

Requirements for Depositary Actions

Before the depositary will issue, deliver or register a transfer of an ADS, split-up, subdivide or combine ADSs, make a distribution on an ADS, or permit withdrawal of ordinary shares, the depositary may require:

             payment of stock transfer or other taxes or other governmental charges and transfer or registration fees charged by third parties for the transfer of any ordinary shares or other deposited securities and payment of the applicable fees, expenses and charges of the depositary;

             satisfactory proof of the identity and genuineness of any signature or any other matters contemplated in the deposit agreement; and

           compliance with (A) any laws or governmental regulations relating to the execution and delivery of ADRs or ADSs or to the withdrawal or delivery of deposited securities and (B) such reasonable regulations and procedures as the depositary may establish, from time to time, consistent with the deposit agreement and applicable laws, including presentation of transfer documents.

The depositary may refuse to issue and deliver ADSs or register transfers of ADSs generally when the register of the depositary or our transfer books are closed or at any time if the depositary or we determine that it is necessary or advisable to do so.

Your Right to Receive the Ordinary Shares Underlying Your ADSs

You have the right to cancel your ADSs and withdraw the underlying ordinary shares at any time except:

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             when temporary delays arise because:  (1) the depositary has closed its transfer books or we have closed our transfer books; (2) the transfer of ordinary shares is blocked to permit voting at a shareholders’ meeting; or (3) we are paying a dividend on our ordinary shares;

             when you owe money to pay fees, taxes and similar charges;

             when it is necessary to prohibit withdrawals in order to comply with any laws or governmental regulations that apply to ADSs or to the withdrawal of ordinary shares or other deposited securities, or

             other circumstances specifically contemplated by Section I.A.(l) of the General Instructions to Form F-6 (as such General Instructions may be amended from time to time); or

           for any other reason if the depositary or we determine, in good faith, that it is necessary or advisable to prohibit withdrawals.

This right of withdrawal may not be limited by any other provision of the deposit agreement.

Pre-release of ADSs

The deposit agreement permits the depositary to deliver ADSs before deposit of the underlying ordinary shares.  This is called a pre-release of the ADSs.  The depositary may also deliver ordinary shares upon cancellation of pre-released ADSs (even if the ADSs are cancelled before the pre-release transaction has been closed out).  A pre-release is closed out as soon as the underlying ordinary shares are delivered to the depositary.  The depositary may receive ADSs instead of ordinary shares to close out a pre-release.  The depositary may pre-release ADSs only under the following conditions:  (1) before or at the time of the pre-release, the person to whom the pre-release is being made represents to the depositary in writing that it or its customer (a) owns the ordinary shares or ADSs to be deposited, (b) agrees to indicate the depositary as owner of such ordinary shares or ADSs in its records and to hold such ordinary shares or ADSs in trust for the depositary until such ordinary shares or ADSs are delivered to the depositary or the custodian, (c) unconditionally guarantees to deliver such ordinary shares or ADSs to the depositary or the custodian, as the case may be, and (d) agrees to any additional restrictions or requirements that the depositary deems appropriate; (2) the pre-release is fully collateralized with cash, United States government securities or other collateral that the depositary considers appropriate; and (3) the depositary must be able to close out the pre-release on not more than five business days’ notice.  Each prerelease is subject to further indemnities and credit regulations as the depositary considers appropriate.  In addition, the depositary will normally limit the number of ADSs that may be outstanding at any time as a result of pre-release to 30% of the ADSs then outstanding, although the depositary may disregard the limit from time to time, if it thinks it is appropriate to do so.

Direct Registration System

In the deposit agreement, all parties to the deposit agreement acknowledge that the DRS and Profile Modification System, or Profile, will apply to uncertificated ADSs upon acceptance thereof to DRS by DTC.  DRS is the system administered by DTC pursuant to which the depositary may register the ownership of uncertificated ADSs, which ownership shall be evidenced by periodic statements issued by the depositary to the ADS holders entitled thereto.  Profile is a required feature of DRS which allows a DTC participant, claiming to act on behalf of an ADS holder, to direct the depositary to register a transfer of those ADSs to DTC or its nominee and to deliver those ADSs to the DTC account of that DTC participant without receipt by the depositary of prior authorization from the ADS holder to register such transfer.

 

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Exhibit 12.1

 

CERTIFICATION

 

I, Christian Hogg, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F/A of Hutchison China MediTech Limited (the “Company”);

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

 

 

Date:

April 29, 2020

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Christian Hogg

 

 

Christian Hogg

 

 

Chief Executive Officer

 

 

Exhibit 12.2

 

CERTIFICATION

 

I, Johnny Cheng, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F/A of Hutchison China MediTech Limited (the “Company”);

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:

 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

Date:

April 29, 2020

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Johnny Cheng

 

 

Johnny Cheng

 

 

Chief Financial Officer