Exhibit 10.1

TRAVELCENTERS OF AMERICA INC.
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED 2016 EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN

Effective May 21, 2020

The purpose of this TravelCenters of America Inc. Second Amended & Restated 2016 Equity Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) is to encourage employees, officers, directors and other individuals (whether or not employees) who render services to TravelCenters of America Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), or its affiliates to continue their efforts for and association with the Company or its affiliates by providing opportunities for them to participate in the ownership of the Company and in its future growth through the granting of options to acquire shares of the Company's common stock (“Options”), grants of shares of the Company’s common stock some of which may be subject to restrictions (“Restricted Stock”) and other rights, (including stock appreciation rights (“SARs”)) to receive compensation in amounts determined by the value of the Company's common stock (“Other Rights”). The term “Subsidiary” as used in the Plan means a corporation or other business entity of which the Company owns, directly or indirectly through an unbroken chain of ownership, fifty percent (50%) or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock, in the case of a corporation, or fifty percent (50%) or more of the total combined interests by value, in the case of any other type of business entity. The Plan is an amendment and restatement of the predecessor TravelCenters of America Inc. Amended & Restated 2016 Equity Compensation Plan, which predecessor amendment and restatement was effected in order to reflect the conversion of TravelCenters of America LLC to TravelCenters of America Inc. under state law and the 1:5 reverse stock split effected in connection with that conversion on August 1, 2019.

The Plan shall be administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors or such other committee of the Board of Directors as the Board of Directors may designate (the “Independent Administrative Committee”) except in instances where it is necessary or advisable (including to comply with applicable law or regulation) to provide for administration by the Company's Board of Directors (the “Board”) itself. The Independent Administrative Committee shall from time to time determine to whom awards shall be granted under the Plan, whether Options granted shall be incentive stock options (“ISOs”) or nonqualified stock options (“NSOs”), the terms of the Options (including vesting provisions) and the number of shares of Common Stock (as hereinafter defined) that may be granted under Options, and the terms and number of Restricted Stock or Other Rights. The Independent Administrative Committee shall report to the Board the names of individuals to whom Options, shares of Restricted Stock or Other Rights are to be granted, the number of shares of Common Stock covered and the terms and conditions of each grant. In instances where the Board is administering the Plan, references in the Plan to the Independent Administrative Committee shall be deemed to refer to the Board.

The Independent Administrative Committee shall have the authority to adopt, amend and rescind such rules and regulations as, in its opinion, may be advisable in the administration of the Plan, which shall include, without limitation, the discretion to impose holding periods on shares of Common Stock acquired pursuant to awards granted hereunder. All questions of interpretation and application of the Plan or such rules and regulations and of awards granted hereunder shall be subject to the discretionary determination of the Independent Administrative Committee, which shall be final and binding. The Plan shall be administered in such a manner as to permit those Options granted hereunder and specially designated under Section 5 hereof as ISOs to qualify as incentive stock options for purposes of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

For so long as Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time (the “Exchange Act”), is applicable to the Company, each member of the Independent Administrative Committee shall be a “non-employee director” or the equivalent within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act and shall meet such other requirements as the Board may determine to be necessary or appropriate.

With respect to persons subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act (“Insiders”), transactions under the Plan are intended to comply with all applicable conditions of Rule 16b-3 or its successor under the Exchange Act. To the extent any provision of the Plan or action by the Independent Administrative Committee fails to so comply, it shall be deemed to be modified so as to be in compliance with such Rule, or, if such modification is not possible, it shall be deemed to be null and void, to the extent permitted by law and deemed advisable by the Independent Administrative Committee.

The total number of shares of common stock of the Company that may be subject to Options, Restricted Stock and Other Rights under the Plan shall be 1,285,000 shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), from authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock. The maximum number of shares of Common Stock subject to Options that may be granted to any Optionee in the aggregate in any calendar year shall not exceed 100,000 shares. The number of shares of Common Stock stated in this Section 3 shall be subject to adjustment in accordance with the provisions of Section 11. Shares of Restricted Stock that fail to vest, shares of Common Stock subject to an Option that is not fully exercised prior to its expiration or other termination and shares of Common Stock subject to Other Rights that are not delivered pursuant to such award shall again become available for grant under the terms of the Plan. The shares of Common Stock tendered for payment of the exercise price of an Option or satisfaction of tax withholding obligations and the shares of Common Stock subject to a SAR which are not delivered upon the full exercise of the SAR will not again become available for grant under the Plan. In the event that the Company uses the proceeds from exercises of Options under the Plan to repurchase shares of Common Stock in the market, any such shares of Common Stock so repurchased shall not increase the number of shares of Common Stock available for grant under the Plan.

The individuals who shall be eligible to receive grants of Options, Restricted Stock and Other Rights under the Plan shall be employees, officers, directors and other individuals who render services in connection with the management, operation or development of the Company or a Subsidiary and who have contributed or may be expected to contribute to the success of the Company or a Subsidiary. ISOs shall not be granted to any individual who is not an employee of the Company or a Subsidiary that is a corporation. The term “Optionee,” as used in the Plan, refers to any individual to whom an Option has been granted.

Every Option shall be evidenced by a written Stock Option Agreement in such form as the Independent Administrative Committee shall approve from time to time, specifying the number of shares of Common Stock that may be purchased pursuant to the Option, the time or times at which the Option shall become exercisable in whole or in part, whether the Option is intended to be an ISO or an NSO and such other terms and conditions as the Independent Administrative Committee shall approve, and containing or incorporating by reference the following terms and conditions.

Alternatively, payment of the exercise price may be made:

At the time specified in an Optionee's notice of exercise, the Company shall, without issue or transfer tax to the Optionee, deliver to the Optionee at the main office of the Company, or such other place as shall be mutually acceptable, a certificate for the shares of Common Stock or other evidence of legal and beneficial ownership as to which such Optionee's Option is exercised. If the Optionee fails to pay for or to accept delivery of all or any part of the number of shares of Common Stock specified in the Optionee's notice upon tender of delivery thereof, the Optionee's right to exercise the Option with respect to those shares of Common Stock shall be terminated, unless the Company otherwise agrees.

The Independent Administrative Committee may grant SARs in respect of such number of shares of Common Stock subject to the Plan as it shall determine, in its discretion, and may grant SARs either separately or in connection with Options, as described in the following sentence. SARs granted in connection with an Option may be exercised only to the extent of the surrender of the related Option, and, to the extent of the exercise of the related Option, the SAR shall terminate. Shares of Common Stock covered by an Option that terminates upon the exercise of a related SAR shall cease to be available under the Plan. The terms and conditions of a SAR related to an Option shall be contained in the Stock Option Agreement, and the terms of a SAR not related to any Option shall be contained in a SAR Agreement.

Upon exercise of a SAR, the Optionee shall be entitled to receive from the Company an amount equal to the excess of the Fair Market Value, on the exercise date, of the number of shares of Common Stock as to which the SAR is exercised, over the exercise price for those shares under a related Option or, if there is no related Option, over the base value stated in the SAR Agreement. Any amount payable by the Company upon exercise of a SAR shall be paid in the form of cash or other property (including shares of Common Stock), as provided in the Stock Option Agreement or SAR Agreement governing the SAR.

The Independent Administrative Committee may grant or award shares of Restricted Stock in respect of such number of shares of Common Stock, and subject to such terms or conditions, as it shall determine and specify in a Restricted Stock Agreement, and may provide in a Stock Option Agreement for an Option to be exercisable for shares of Restricted Stock.

A holder of Restricted Stock shall have all of the rights of a stockholder of the Company, including the right to vote the shares of stock and the right to receive any cash dividends, unless the Independent Administrative Committee shall otherwise determine. Unless a grantee's Restricted Stock Agreement provides to the contrary, unvested Restricted Stock granted under the Plan shall not be transferred without the written consent of the Board. In addition, at the time of termination for any reason of a grantee's employment or other service relationship with the Company or a Subsidiary, the Company shall have the right, in the case of unvested Restricted Stock, (1) to cause the forfeiture of such shares of Restricted Stock for no consideration (2) to purchase all or any of such shares of Restricted Stock at a price equal to the lower of (a) the price paid to the Company for such shares of Restricted Stock or (b) the Fair Market Value of such shares of Restricted Stock at the time of repurchase, (3) to waive vesting requirements, (4) to permit continued vesting based on such criteria as the Independent Administrative Committee shall determine or (5) to provide for such other treatment as the Independent Administrative Committee shall determine and set forth in the applicable agreement. Nothing in the Plan shall be construed to give any person the right to require the Company to purchase any shares of Common Stock granted as Restricted Stock.

Stock certificates, if any, representing Restricted Stock shall be imprinted with a legend to the effect that the shares of Restricted Stock represented may not be sold, exchanged, transferred, pledged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of except in accordance with the terms of the Restricted Stock Agreement and, if the Independent Administrative Committee so determines, the holder may be required to deposit the stock certificates or other evidence of legal and beneficial ownership with the President, Treasurer, Secretary or other officer of the Company or with an escrow agent designated by the Independent Administrative Committee, together with a stock power or other instrument of transfer appropriately endorsed in blank. In the event that the shares of Restricted Stock are not represented by a stock certificate, the Company shall direct the Company's registrar and transfer agent to make an appropriate notation of the restrictions on transfer to which the shares of Restricted Stock are subject in the stock books and records of the Company.

Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Independent Administrative Committee shall have sole and complete authority to determine the individuals to whom and the time or times at which such Other Rights shall be granted. Each Participant who is granted an Other Right shall receive an award agreement, containing such terms and conditions as the Independent Administrative Committee shall determine, in its sole discretion, which agreement shall set forth, among other things, the number of shares of Common Stock to be granted pursuant to such Other Right, or the manner in which such Other Right shall be settled (e.g., in shares of Common Stock, cash or other property), or the conditions, if any, to the vesting and/or payment or settlement of such Other Right (which may include, but not be limited to, achievement of performance criteria) and all other terms and conditions of such Other Right. The Independent Administrative Committee may make awards of Other Rights consisting of unrestricted shares of Common Stock to such individuals and in such amounts as the Independent Administrative Committee may determine (subject to Section 13(d)). To the extent that an Other Award is granted with a vesting condition based upon the attainment of performance criteria, any dividends payable with respect to the Common Stock subject to the award (or dividend equivalents awarded with respect to such award) shall be subject to the same performance criteria as are applicable to the award to which the dividend or dividend equivalent relate and shall be paid or forfeited, as the case may be, based on the attainment, or failure to attain, the applicable performance criteria.

The grant of Options, shares of Restricted Stock and Other Rights shall be made by action of the Board or the Independent Administrative Committee, at a meeting at which a quorum of its members is present, or by written consent of its members; provided, however, that if an individual to whom a grant has been made fails to execute and deliver to the Independent Administrative Committee a Stock Option Agreement, Restricted Stock Agreement or SAR Agreement (or an agreement evidencing an Other Right) within thirty (30) days after it is submitted to him, the Option, shares of Restricted Stock, SAR or Other Rights granted under the applicable agreement shall be voidable by the Company at its election, without further notice to the grantee. No agreement is required to be executed in respect of awards of vested shares of Common Stock.

The Company shall not be required to transfer shares of Restricted Stock or to sell or issue any shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of any Option or the exercise or vesting of an award of Other Rights (as applicable) if the issuance of such shares of Restricted Stock or shares of Common Stock will result in a violation by the recipient or the Company of any provisions of any law, statute or regulation of any governmental authority. Specifically, in connection with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time (the “Securities Act”), upon the transfer of shares of Restricted Stock or the exercise of any Option or the exercise or vesting of an award of Other Rights (as applicable), the Company shall not be required to issue shares of Restricted Stock or shares of Common Stock, as the case may be, unless the Independent Administrative Committee has received evidence satisfactory to it to the effect that the holder of the shares of Restricted Stock or the Option will not transfer such shares of Restricted Stock or shares of Common Stock except pursuant to a registration statement in effect under the Securities Act or unless an opinion of counsel satisfactory to the Company has been received by the Company to the effect that registration is not required. Any determination in this connection by the Independent Administrative Committee shall be conclusive. The Company shall not be obligated to take any other affirmative action in order to cause the transfer of shares of Restricted Stock or the exercise of an Option or the delivery of shares of Common Stock with respect to the exercise or vesting of an award of Other Rights (as applicable) to comply with any law or regulations of any governmental authority, including, without limitation, the Securities Act or applicable state securities laws.

In the event that the outstanding shares of Common Stock are hereafter changed for a different number or kind of stock or other securities of the Company, by reason of a reorganization, recapitalization, exchange of stock, stock split, combination of stock or dividend payable in stock or other securities or similar corporate event, the Independent Administrative Committee shall have the right and discretion to make a corresponding adjustment in the number and kind of stock or other securities covered by outstanding Options and Other Rights and for which Options, shares of Restricted Stock and Other Rights may be granted under the Plan. Any such adjustment in outstanding Options (and, if applicable, Other Rights) shall be made without change in the total price applicable to the unexercised portion of the Option (or Other Right, if applicable), but the price per share specified in the applicable award agreement shall be correspondingly adjusted; provided, however, that no adjustment shall be made with respect to an ISO that would constitute a modification as defined in Section 424 of the Code which would cause the Option to fail to constitute an ISO without the consent of the holder. Any such adjustment made by the Independent Administrative Committee shall be conclusive and binding upon all affected persons, including the Company and all Optionees and holders of Other Rights.

If while unexercised Options or Other Rights remain outstanding under the Plan the Company merges or consolidates with a wholly-owned subsidiary for the purpose of re-incorporating itself, including under the laws of another jurisdiction, the Optionees or holders of Other Rights will be entitled to acquire shares of common stock of the re-incorporated company upon the same terms and conditions as were in effect immediately prior to such re-incorporation (unless such re-incorporation involves a change in the number of shares of common stock or the capitalization of the company, in which case proportional adjustments shall be made as provided above) and the Plan, unless otherwise rescinded by the Board, will remain the Plan of the re-incorporated company.

Except as otherwise provided in the preceding paragraph, if the Company or a Subsidiary is merged or consolidated with another corporation, whether or not the Company is the surviving entity, or if the Company is liquidated or sells or otherwise disposes of all or substantially all of its assets to another entity while unexercised or unvested Options, shares of Restricted Stock or Other Rights remain outstanding under the Plan, or if other circumstances occur in which the Independent Administrative Committee in its sole and absolute discretion deems it appropriate for the provisions of this paragraph to apply (in each case, an “Applicable Event”), then: (a) in the discretion of the Independent Administrative Committee, each holder of an outstanding Option or Other Right shall be entitled, upon exercise of the Option (or exercise or vesting of the Other Right), to receive in lieu of shares of Common Stock, such stock or other securities or property as he would have received had he exercised or vested in the Option or Other Right immediately prior to the Applicable Event; or (b) the Independent Administrative Committee may, in its sole and absolute discretion, cancel outstanding and unexercised Options and Other Rights as of the effective date of any such Applicable Event; or (c) the Independent Administrative Committee may, in its sole discretion, convert some or all Options or Other Rights into Options or Other Rights with respect to the stock or other securities of the surviving corporation pursuant to an Applicable Event; or (d) the Independent Administrative Committee may, in its sole and absolute discretion, assume the outstanding and unexercised options to purchase stock or other securities of any corporation and convert such options into Options to purchase shares of Common Stock, whether pursuant to this Plan or not, pursuant to an Applicable Event; provided, however, that notice of any cancellation pursuant to clause (b) shall be given to each holder of an Option or exercisable Other Right not less than ten business days preceding the effective date of such Applicable Event; and provided, further, that the Independent Administrative Committee may, in its sole and absolute discretion waive, generally or in one or more specific instances, any limitations imposed on exercise (including a change in any existing exercise schedule) with respect to any Option or exercisable Other Right so that such Option shall be exercisable in full or in part, as the Independent Administrative Committee may, in its sole and absolute discretion, determine, during such ten business day period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, immediately upon the occurrence of a “Change in Control” or “Termination Event” (as each is defined on Exhibit A hereto) all awards issued and outstanding under the Plan shall become fully vested and exercisable (as the case may be), whether or not the holder of the award experiences a termination of employment or service in connection with the Change in Control.

Except as expressly provided to the contrary in this Section 11, the issuance by the Company of shares of Common Stock or other equity securities of any class for cash or property or for services, either upon direct sale or upon the exercise of rights or warrants, or upon conversion of stock or obligations of the Company convertible into such stock or other securities, shall not affect the number, class or price of the shares of Common Stock then subject to outstanding Options or Other Rights.

Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary (other than Section 13(c), which this Section 12 shall be subject to), if the Independent Administrative Committee determines, after full consideration of the facts, that:

Without limiting the foregoing, the Independent Administrative Committee may in its discretion permit any grantee's withholding obligation to be paid in whole or in part in the form of shares of Common Stock by withholding from the shares of Common Stock to be issued or by accepting delivery from the grantee of shares of Common Stock already owned by him. The Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock for such purposes shall be determined as set forth in Section 5(b). An Optionee may not make any such payment in the form of shares of Common Stock acquired upon the exercise of an ISO until such shares have been held by him for at least two years after the date the ISO was granted and at least one year after the date the ISO was exercised. If payment of withholding taxes is made in whole or in part in shares of Common Stock, the grantee shall deliver to the Company stock certificates registered in his name or other evidence of legal and beneficial ownership representing a number of shares of Common Stock owned by him, fully vested and free of all liens, claims and encumbrances of every kind, duly endorsed or accompanied by stock powers duly endorsed by the record holder of the shares of Common Stock represented by such stock certificates. The Compensation Committee may approve comparable procedures to those set forth in the preceding sentence in the event of shares held in book-entry form. If the grantee is subject to Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, his ability to pay his withholding obligation in the form of shares of Common Stock shall be subject to such additional restrictions as may be necessary to avoid any transaction that might give rise to liability under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act.

The Plan shall be effective as of May 21, 2020 (the “Effective Date”), subject to the approval of the Company’s stockholders. The Independent Administrative Committee may grant Options, shares of Restricted Stock or Other Rights under the Plan from time to time until the close of business on May 21, 2030. The Board may at any time amend the Plan; provided, however, that without approval of the Company's stockholders there shall be no: (a) change in the number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan, except by operation of the provisions of Section 11, either to any one grantee or in the aggregate; (b) change in the class of persons eligible to receive Options, shares of Restricted Stock or Other Rights; or (c) other change in the Plan that requires stockholder approval under applicable law or regulation. No amendment shall adversely affect outstanding Options (or shares of Restricted Stock or Other Rights) without the consent of the Optionee (or holder of shares of Restricted Stock or Other Rights). The Plan may be terminated at any time by action of the Board, but any such termination will not terminate any Option, shares of Restricted Stock or Other Rights then outstanding without the consent of the Optionee or the holder of such shares of Restricted Stock or Other Rights.

Exhibit A

A “Change in Control” shall be deemed to have occurred if any of the events set forth in any one of the following paragraphs shall have occurred:

(a) any Person is or becomes the Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 50% or more of either the then outstanding shares of common stock of the Company or the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities, excluding any Person who becomes such a Beneficial Owner in connection with a transaction described in paragraph (c)(i) below;

(b) the following individuals cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the number of Directors then serving: individuals who, on the date of the Agreement, constitute our Board and any new Director (other than a Director whose initial assumption of office is in connection with an actual or threatened election contest, including but not limited to a consent solicitation, relating to the election of Directors) whose appointment or election by our Board or nomination for election by the Company’s stockholders was approved or recommended by a vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the Directors then in office who either were Directors on the date of the Agreement or whose appointment, election or nomination for election was previously so approved or recommended;

(c) there is consummated a merger or consolidation of the Company or any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company with any other entity, other than (i) a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity or any parent thereof) at least 50% of the combined voting power of the securities of the Company or such surviving entity or any parent thereof outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation, or (ii) a merger or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of the Company (or similar transaction) in which no Person is or becomes the Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company (not including in the securities Beneficially Owned by such Person any securities acquired directly from the Company or its Affiliates) representing 50% or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities; or

(d) the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company or there is consummated an agreement for the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, other than a sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets to an entity, at least 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are owned by stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Company immediately prior to such sale.

A “Termination Event” shall occur if The RMR Group LLC (or any entity controlled by, under common control with or controlling the RMR Group LLC) ceases to be the manager or shared services provider to the Company.

For purposes of the definitions set forth on this Exhibit A, the following definitions shall apply, with capitalized terms used but not defined in this Exhibit A having the meaning set forth in the Plan:

“Affiliate” shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.

“Beneficial Owner” shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act.

“Director” is a member of our Board.

“Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Person” shall have the meaning given in Section 3(a)(9) of the Exchange Act, as modified and used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) thereof, except that such term shall not include (i) the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or any of its Affiliates, (iii) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities and (iv) a corporation owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of common stock of the Company.

The Company generally reimburses all Directors for travel expenses incurred in connection with their duties as Directors and for out of pocket costs incurred in connection with their attending certain continuing education programs.