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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 5, 2020
Registration No. 333-236334​
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 2
TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Vertiv Holdings Co
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
3679
81-2376902
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
1050 Dearborn Drive
Columbus, Ohio 43085
(614) 888-0246
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Colin Flannery
General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
Vertiv Holdings Co
1050 Dearborn Drive
Columbus, Ohio 43085
(614) 888-0246
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
With copies to:
John C. Kennedy, Esq.
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP
1285 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10019
(212) 373-3000
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
From time to time on or after the effective date of this registration statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box: ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of  “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐
Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

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Explanatory note
Vertiv Holdings Co, a Delaware corporation, filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 on February 7, 2020, which was declared effective on February 14, 2020 (as amended and supplemented, the “registration statement”). This Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Form S-1 (the “Post-Effective Amendment”) is being filed in order to update certain disclosures in the Registration Statement and to facilitate an offering of shares of our Class A common stock by a selling stockholder. The prospectus supplement included in this Post-Effective Amendment may be used in one or more offerings by one or more selling stockholders identified in the prospectus contained herein with one or more of the underwriters named therein and with different types and amounts of securities offered.
 

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The information in this prospectus supplement is not complete and may be changed. Neither we nor the selling stockholder may sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus supplement is not an offer to sell these securities described herein and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to completion, dated August 5, 2020
Prospectus supplement
(to Prospectus dated August   , 2020)
20,000,000 shares
[MISSING IMAGE: LG_VERTIV-BW.JPG]
Vertiv Holdings Co
Common stock
$      per share
The selling stockholder named in this prospectus supplement (the “selling stockholder”) is offering 20,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class A common stock”). We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares being sold by the selling stockholder. See “Use of Proceeds”.
Our Class A common stock is listed on The New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “VRT.” On August 4, 2020, the last sale price of our Class A common stock as reported on the NYSE was $15.20 per share.
Investing in our Class A common stock involves risks. See “Risk Factors” starting on page S-11 of this prospectus supplement, those included in the accompanying prospectus and those incorporated by reference in the prospectus supplement to read about risks you should consider before buying shares of our Class A common stock.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) nor any other state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Per share
Total(1)
Public offering price
$    
$     
Underwriting discounts and commissions(2)
$    
$     
Proceeds to selling stockholder (before expenses)
$    
$     
(1)   Assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares described below.
(2)   See “Underwriting” for a description of all underwriting compensation payable in connection with this offering.
The underwriters may also exercise their option to purchase up to 3,000,000 of additional shares from the selling stockholder at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount and commissions, for 30 days after the date of this prospectus supplement. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholder as a result of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as that term is defined under the federal securities laws and, as such, are subject to certain reduced public company reporting requirements. See “Prospectus Summary—Emerging Growth Company” in the accompanying prospectus for further information.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares against payment to purchasers on or about           , 2020.
Joint Book-Running Managers
J.P. Morgan
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
BofA Securities
Citigroup
Prospectus supplement dated           , 2020

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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
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PROSPECTUS
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
This document is in two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes the terms of the securities that the selling stockholder is currently offering, the selling stockholder and the plan of distribution. The second part is the accompanying prospectus, which gives more general information, some of which may not apply to this offering. Generally, the term “prospectus” refers to both parts combined, including information that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.
If the information varies between this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, the information in this prospectus supplement supersedes the information in the accompanying prospectus.
None of the Company, the selling stockholder or the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. The Company, the selling stockholder, and the underwriters take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are not, the selling stockholder is not and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell shares of our Class A common stock in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than its date, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus supplement or any shares of our Class A common stock. You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. See “Where You Can Find More Information” in the accompanying prospectus.
This prospectus supplement is not an offer to sell securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. This prospectus supplement contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described under “Where you can find more information” in the accompanying prospectus.
On February 7, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), Vertiv Holdings Co (formerly known as GS Acquisition Holdings Corp), consummated its previously announced business combination pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 10, 2019 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among the Company, Vertiv Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Vertiv Holdings”), VPE Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Vertiv Stockholder”), Crew Merger Sub I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of GSAH (“First Merger Sub”), and Crew Merger Sub II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of GSAH (“Second Merger Sub”). As contemplated by the Merger Agreement, (1) First Merger Sub merged with and into Vertiv Holdings, with Vertiv Holdings continuing as the surviving entity (the “First Merger”) and (2) immediately following the First Merger and as part of the same overall transaction as the First Merger, Vertiv Holdings merged with and into Second Merger Sub, with Second Merger Sub continuing as the surviving entity and renamed “Vertiv Holdings, LLC” (the “Second Merger” and, collectively with the First Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Business Combination”). We are a holding company without any direct operations and have no significant assets other than our ownership interest in Vertiv Holdings, LLC.
Emerson Electric Co. (“Emerson”) operated Vertiv’s business as part of its broader corporate organization prior to the separation of Vertiv in the fiscal fourth quarter of 2016 (the “Separation”).
Unless the context indicates otherwise, references to “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Vertiv Holdings Co, a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries following the Business Combination. “GSAH” refers to GS Acquisition Holdings Corp prior to the Business Combination. “Vertiv” refers to Vertiv Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries prior to the Business Combination.
 
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MARKET, RANKING AND OTHER INDUSTRY DATA
Certain market, ranking and industry data included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including the size of certain markets and our size or position and the positions of our competitors within these markets, including our products and services relative to our competitors, are based on estimates of our management. These estimates have been derived from our management’s knowledge and experience in the markets in which we operate, as well as information obtained from surveys, reports by market research firms, our customers, distributors, suppliers, trade and business organizations and other contacts in the markets in which we operate, which, in each case, we believe are reliable.
We are responsible for all of the disclosure included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and, while we believe the data from these sources to be accurate and complete, neither we, nor the selling stockholder, nor the underwriters have independently verified data from these sources or obtained third-party verification of market share data and this information may not be reliable. In addition, these sources may use different definitions of the relevant markets. Data regarding our industry is intended to provide general guidance, but is inherently imprecise. Market share data is subject to change and cannot always be verified with certainty due to limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties inherent in any statistical survey of market shares. In addition, customer preferences can and do change. As a result, you should be aware that market share, ranking and other similar data set forth herein, and estimates and beliefs based on such data, may not be reliable. References herein to our being a leader in a market or product category refers to our belief that we have a leading market share position in each specified market, unless the context otherwise requires. In addition, the discussion herein regarding our various markets is based on how we define the markets for our products, which products may be either part of larger overall markets or markets that include other types of products and services.
Assumptions and estimates of our and our industry’s future performance are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk factors” and those incorporated by reference herein and the accompanying prospectus. These and other factors could cause our future performance to differ materially from our assumptions and estimates. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-looking Statements.”
TRADEMARKS, SERVICE MARKS AND TRADE NAMES
This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus contain some of our trademarks, service marks and trade names, including, among others, Vertiv, Liebert, Chloride, NetSure, Geist, Energy Labs and Avocent. Each one of these trademarks, service marks or trade names is either (i) our registered trademark, (ii) a trademark for which we have a pending application, or (iii) a trade name or service mark for which we claim common law rights. All other trademarks, trade names or service marks of any other company appearing in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus belong to their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus supplement are presented without the TM, SM and ® symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our respective rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks and trade names.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
Our financial statements included in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. We have included certain non-GAAP financial measures in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, as further described below, that may not be directly comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies and therefore may not be comparable among companies. For purposes of Regulation G and Section 10(e) of Regulation S-K, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes
 
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amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding amounts, that are included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in the statements of operations, balance sheets, or statement of cash flows of the company; or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of including amounts, that are excluded from most directly comparable measure so calculated and presented. Pursuant to the requirements of Regulation G, we have provided reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP measures are provided because our management uses these financial measures in monitoring and evaluating our ongoing results and trends.
Our non-GAAP financial measures include:

EBITDA, which represents earnings (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), and depreciation and amortization;

Adjusted EBITDA, which represents EBITDA, adjusted to exclude certain unusual or non-recurring items, certain non-cash items and other items that are not indicative of on-going operations; and

Free Cash Flow, which represents cash flows from operating activities, less capital expenditures and investments in capitalized software, plus proceeds from disposition of plant, property and equipment.
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow are not recognized terms under GAAP and do not purport to be an alternative measure to net income from continuing operations, net sales and cash flows from operating activities (the most directly comparable GAAP measures). Additionally, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow are not intended to be measures of free cash flow available for management’s discretionary use, as these metrics do not consider certain cash requirements, such as tax payments and debt service requirements. We believe that presenting these measures may help investors better understand our financial performance in connection with their analysis of our business. EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow should be considered in addition to, not a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. You are encouraged to evaluate each adjustment and the reasons we consider them appropriate for supplemental analysis. In evaluating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, you should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses similar to the adjustments used to define Adjusted EBITDA in this prospectus. Our presentation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Additionally, because not all companies use identical calculations, the presentations of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.
EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider each in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are:

they do not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

they do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

they do not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest on our debt;

they do not reflect our income tax expense or the cash requirements to pay our taxes;

although depreciation, accretion and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated, accreted and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and

other companies in our industry may measure EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as a comparative measure.
Free Cash Flow should not be considered as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities or any other measure of liquidity.
 
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See “Prospectus Supplement Summary—Summary Historical Consolidated and Combined Financial and Other Data” in this prospectus supplement for a reconciliation of these measures to our most directly comparable GAAP measures, and “Vertiv Holdings’ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the accompanying prospectus.
 
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus contain statements that are forward-looking and as such are not historical facts. This includes, without limitation, statements regarding the financial position, capital structure, dividends, indebtedness, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, including as they relate to the anticipated effects of the Business Combination. These statements constitute projections, forecasts and forward-looking statements, and are not guarantees of performance. Such statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. When used in this prospectus supplement words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “strive,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. When the Company discusses its strategies or plans, including as they relate to the Business Combination, it is making projections, forecasts or forward-looking statements. Such statements are based on the beliefs of, as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to, the Company’s management.
The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus supplement are based on current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on the Company. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting the Company will be those that the Company has anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond the Company’s control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of the assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to factors relating to the business, operations and financial performance of the Company and its subsidiaries, including: global economic weakness and uncertainty; risks relating to the continued growth of the Company’s customers’ markets; failure to meet or anticipate technology changes; the unpredictability of the Company’s future operational results; disruption of the Company’s customers’ orders or the Company’s customers’ markets; less favorable contractual terms with large customers; risks associated with governmental contracts; failure to mitigate risks associated with long-term fixed price contracts; risks associated with information technology disruption or security; risks associated with the implementation and enhancement of information systems; failure to properly manage the Company’s supply chain or difficulties with third-party manufacturers; competition in the infrastructure technologies industry; failure to realize the expected benefit from any rationalization and improvement efforts; disruption of, or changes in, the Company’s independent sales representatives, distributors and original equipment manufacturers; failure to obtain performance and other guarantees from financial institutions; failure to realize sales expected from the Company’s backlog of orders and contracts; changes to tax law; ongoing tax audits; risks associated with future legislation and regulation of the Company’s customers’ markets both in the United States and abroad; costs or liabilities associated with product liability; the Company’s ability to attract, train and retain key members of its leadership team and other qualified personnel; the adequacy of the Company’s insurance coverage; a failure to benefit from future acquisitions; failure to realize the value of goodwill and intangible assets; the global scope of the Company’s operations; risks associated with the Company’s sales and operations in emerging markets; exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; the Company’s ability to comply with various laws and regulations and the costs associated with legal compliance; adverse outcomes to any legal claims and proceedings filed by or against us; the Company’s ability to protect or enforce its proprietary rights on which its business depends; third party intellectual property infringement claims; liabilities associated with environmental, health and safety matters; risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic; risks associated with the Company’s limited history of operating as an independent company; and net losses in future periods; and other risks and uncertainties indicated in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including those under the heading “Risk Factors,” and that may be set forth in any applicable prospectus supplement under any similar caption. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of the Company’s assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements.
 
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Forward-looking statements included in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus speak only as of the date of this prospectus supplement or any earlier date specified for such statements, as applicable. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
 
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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY
This summary highlights certain significant aspects of our business and is a summary of information contained elsewhere in the prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before making your investment decision. You should carefully read this entire prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including the information presented under the sections titled “Risk Factors,” “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements,” “Vertiv Holdings’ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus before making an investment decision. The definition of some of the terms used in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are set forth under the section “Selected Definitions” in the accompanying prospectus.
Business summary
Who we are
We are a global leader in the design, manufacturing and servicing of critical digital infrastructure technology that powers, cools, deploys, secures and maintains electronics that process, store and transmit data. We provide this technology to data centers, communication networks and commercial & industrial environments worldwide.
We aim to help create a world where critical technologies always work, and where we empower the vital applications of the digital world.
Our business
We have a suite of comprehensive offerings, innovative solutions and a leading service organization that supports a diversified group of customers, which we deliver from engineering, manufacturing, sales and service locations in more than 45 countries across the Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”). We provide the hardware, software and services to facilitate an increasingly interconnected marketplace of digital systems where large amounts of indispensable data need to be transmitted, analyzed, processed and stored. Whether this growing quantity of data is managed centrally in cloud/hyperscale locations, distributed at the so-called “edge” of the network, processed in an enterprise location or managed via a hybrid platform, the underpinnings and operations of all those locations rely on our critical digital infrastructure and services.
We have a broad range of offerings, which include power management products, thermal management products, integrated rack systems, modular solutions, and management systems for monitoring and controlling digital infrastructure. These comprehensive offerings are integral to the technologies used for a number of services, including e-commerce, online banking, file sharing, video on-demand, energy storage, wireless communications, Internet of Things (“IoT”) and online gaming. In addition, through our global services network, we provide lifecycle management services, predictive analytics and professional services for deploying, maintaining and optimizing these products and their related systems.
Our primary customers are businesses across three main end markets: (1) data centers (including cloud/​hyperscale, colocation, enterprise and edge), (2) communication networks and (3) commercial and industrial environments. Within these areas we serve a diverse array of industries, including social media, financial services, healthcare, transportation, retail, education and government. We approach these industries and end users through our global network of direct sales professionals, independent sales representatives, channel partners and original equipment manufacturers. Many of our installations are completed in collaboration with our customers and we work with them from the initial planning phase through delivery and servicing of the completed solution. This depth of interaction supports key customer relationships, sometimes spanning multiple decades. Our most prominent brands include Liebert, NetSure, Geist and Avocent.
Our business is organized into three segments according to our main geographic regions—the Americas, Asia Pacific and EMEA—and we manage and report our results of operations across these three business segments.
 
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For the year ended December 31, 2019, Vertiv’s revenue was $4,431.2 million, of which 50% was transacted in the Americas; 29% was transacted in Asia Pacific; and 21% was transacted in EMEA as compared with Vertiv’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 of  $4,285.6 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, our revenue was $1,903.0 million, of which 50% was transacted in the Americas; 29% was transacted in Asia Pacific; and 21% was transacted in EMEA as compared with Vertiv’s revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2019 of  $2,188.9 million.
Our offerings
We design, manufacture and service critical digital infrastructure technology for data centers, communication networks and commercial/industrial environments. Our principal offerings include: (1) critical infrastructure and solutions, (2) integrated rack solutions and (3) services and spares:

Critical infrastructure & solutions
We identify delivery of products as performance obligations within the critical infrastructure & solutions offering. Such products include AC and DC power management, thermal management, and modular hyperscale type data center sites.

Integrated rack solutions
Performance obligations within integrated rack solutions include the delivery of racks, rack power, rack power distribution, rack thermal systems, configurable integrated solutions, and hardware for managing I.T. equipment.

Services & spares
Services include preventative maintenance, acceptance testing, engineering and consulting, performance assessments, remote monitoring, training, spare parts, and critical digital infrastructure software.
Our customers
Our primary customers are businesses across three main end markets: (1) data centers (including cloud/​hyperscale, colocation, enterprise and edge), (2) communication networks and (3) commercial and industrial environments.
Data centers:   The primary purpose of a data center is to process, store and distribute data. There are a host of different sizes and types of data centers, but primarily they can be broken down into the following classifications:

Cloud/Hyperscale:   These facilities are massive in scale and are primarily used to support off-premise cloud applications. This portion of the industry is growing rapidly. Examples of companies in this space include Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud.

Colocation:   These facilities range in size and offer users a location where they can place their information technology (“I.T.”) equipment, while the building and critical digital infrastructure is owned by the colocation company. This portion of the industry is growing rapidly. Examples of companies in this space include Digital Realty and Equinix.

Enterprise:   This classification refers to the “Fortune 1000” type businesses that have their own on-premises data centers. Examples of companies in this space include Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Walmart and Cleveland Clinic. We have found that the growth of the enterprise market, based on data centers and square footage, has generally been flat for the past three years.

Edge:   These types of data centers are at the infancy stage of their development and will be utilized by all of the aforementioned categories in the future. These locations are decentralized by nature and located closer to where the data is being demanded (i.e., towards the edge of the network). This market is small today, but the opportunities for growth in this space are expected to increase as the proliferation of connected devices and data storage needs continue to grow in the future.
 
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Communication networks:   This space is comprised of wireline, wireless and broadband companies. These companies create content and are ultimately responsible for distributing voice, video and data to businesses and consumers. They deliver this data through an intricate network of wireline and wireless mediums. Additionally, some of these companies’ locations act as data centers where the data is delivered and also processed and stored. This sector has a generally low single digit growth profile.
Commercial/Industrial:   This space is comprised of those applications that are tied to a company’s critical systems. Examples include transportation, manufacturing, oil and gas, etc. These applications are growing in their need for intelligent infrastructure and may be regulated or need to pass some level of compliance. The growth in this area generally tracks gross domestic product.
Backlog
The backlog consists of product and service orders for which a customer purchase order or purchase commitment has been received and which have not yet been delivered.
Vertiv’s estimated combined order backlog was approximately $1,752.4 million and $1,428.9 million as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Orders may be subject to cancellation or rescheduling by the customer. The following table shows estimated backlog by business segment at June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively.
As of June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
2020
2019
Americas
$ 805.9 $ 720.5
Asia Pacific
455.1 319.2
EMEA
491.4 389.2
Total Backlog
$ 1,752.4 $ 1,428.9
Vertiv’s estimated combined order backlog was approximately $1,401.2 million and $1,502.0 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The following table shows estimated backlog by business segment at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
As of December 31,
(Dollars in millions)
2019
2018
Americas
$ 701.8 $ 806.8
Asia Pacific
297.3 281.3
EMEA
402.1 413.9
Total Backlog
$ 1,401.2 $ 1,502.0
The vast majority of the combined backlog as of June 30, 2020 is considered firm and is expected to be shipped within one year. We do not believe that our backlog estimates as of any date are necessarily indicative of our revenues for any future period. Backlog estimates are subject to a number of risks. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating To Our Business—We May Not Realize All of the Sales Expected From Our Backlog of Orders and Contracts” in the accompanying prospectus.
Due to the variability of shipments under large contracts, customers’ seasonal installation considerations and variations in product mix and in profitability of individual orders, we can experience significant quarterly fluctuations in revenue and operating income. These fluctuations are expected to continue in the future. Consequently, it may be more meaningful to focus on annual rather than interim results.
Recent developments
For a description on recent developments, including those relating to the COVID-19 pandemic and the significant uncertainties it has caused for the global economy and our business activity, see “Vertiv Holdings’ Management’s
 
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Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent developments” in the accompanying prospectus.
Risk factors
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in the section titled “Risk Factors” on page S-11 of this prospectus supplement, on page 11 of the accompanying prospectus and those incorporated by reference herein, that represent challenges that we face in connection with the successful implementation of our strategy and growth of our business.
Corporate information
We were incorporated on April 25, 2016 as a Delaware corporation under the name “GS Acquisition Holdings Corp” and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On February 7, 2020, in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, we changed our name to “Vertiv Holdings Co.” Our principal executive offices are located at 1050 Dearborn Drive, Columbus, Ohio, 43085, and our telephone number is (614) 888-0246. Our website is www.vertiv.com. The information found on, or that can be accessed from or that is hyperlinked to, our website is not part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus.
 
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THE OFFERING
The summary below describes the principal terms of this offering. The “Description of Securities” section in the accompanying prospectus contains a more detailed description of the Class A common stock. Any investment in the securities offered hereby is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the information set forth under “Risk Factors” on page S-11 of this prospectus supplement and on page 11 of the accompanying prospectus.
Shares of Class A common stock offered by us
We are not selling any Class A common stock in this offering.
Shares of Class A common stock offered by the selling stockholder
20,000,000 shares (or 23,000,000 shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full).
Shares of Class A common stock to be outstanding as of August 4, 2020, immediately after this offering
We will have 328,411,705 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding (regardless of whether the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares).
Option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock
The selling stockholder has granted the underwriters the option to purchase up to an additional 3,000,000 shares of Class A common stock within 30 days from the date of this prospectus supplement from the selling stockholder at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount and commissions. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholder as a result of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares.
Use of Proceeds
The selling stockholder will receive all of the net proceeds from the sale of Class A common stock offered under this prospectus supplement. Accordingly, we will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Class A common stock to be offered by the selling stockholder, including pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares. While we have agreed to pay certain offering expenses for the selling stockholder incurred in connection with this offering, the selling stockholder will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, from the sale of our Class A common stock pursuant to this prospectus supplement. See “Use of Proceeds” and “Underwriting”.
Lock-up Agreements
Each of our officers and directors, the selling stockholder and certain of our significant stockholders of our Class A common stock have entered into a lock-up agreement with the underwriters, which prohibits them from selling their shares of Class A common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our Class A common stock (other than in this offering) for a period ending at the close of business 90 days from the date of pricing of this offering. See “Underwriting” for more information on these agreements.
In addition, upon completion of the Business Combination, on the Closing Date (x) each of the founder shares that are owned by GS
 
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Sponsor LLC, a Delaware limited company, Cote SPAC 1 LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and Mr. James Albaugh, Mr. Roger Fradin and Mr. Steven S. Reinemund, GSAH’s independent directors prior to the Business Combination (collectively, the “Initial Stockholders”), were each subject to certain restrictions on transfer until the termination of the applicable lock-up periods with respect to such shares on February 7, 2021 or sooner, if certain conditions with respect to the sale price of the Class A common stock are met, which such conditions were met and upon which such lockup restrictions were terminated on July 31, 2020, and (y) the shares of Class A common stock that are owned by VPE Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, who is the selling stockholder, were subject to certain restrictions on transfer until the expiration of the applicable lock-up period with respect to such shares on August 5, 2020.
As of the date of this prospectus supplement, other than the lockup agreements described under “Underwriting” of this prospectus supplement, no shares of Class A common stock were subject to a lock-up. In addition, 33,533,301 shares of our Class A common stock are issuable upon the exercise of our 33,533,301 warrants outstanding as of August 4, 2020.
See “Business Combination—Related Agreements” and “Securities Act Restrictions on Resale of Securities—Lock-up Agreements” in the accompanying prospectus for further discussion of the restrictions and the lock-ups.
Dividend Policy
We expect to initiate an annual dividend of  $0.01 per share of our Class A common stock. We are a holding company without any direct operations and have no significant assets other than our ownership interest in Vertiv Holdings, LLC. Accordingly, our ability to pay dividends depends upon the financial condition, liquidity and results of operations of, and our receipt of dividends, loans or other funds from, our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation to make funds available to us. In addition, there are various statutory, regulatory and contractual limitations and business considerations on the extent, if any, to which our subsidiaries may pay dividends, make loans or otherwise provide funds to us. The declaration and payment of dividends is also at the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends on various factors including our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors. See “Dividend Policy” in the accompanying prospectus.
NYSE Ticker Symbol for our Class A common stock
“VRT”
The number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding immediately after this offering does not reflect any issuance of the Class A common stock upon conversion of Company’s redeemable warrants (the “warrants”).
Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus supplement assumes that the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase from the selling stockholder up to 3,000,000 shares of Class A common stock.
 
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SUMMARY HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA
The following tables summarize our historical consolidated and combined financial data for the periods and as of the dates indicated. The data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, related notes, and other financial information included in the accompanying prospectus. Our historical results for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of results we may expect or achieve in any future period and the results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full fiscal year.
In connection with the Business Combination, Vertiv was determined to be the accounting acquirer. Following the Business Combination, GSAH was renamed “Vertiv Holdings Co” and adopted Vertiv’s presentation of its historical consolidated financial data.
The summary historical consolidated and combined financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified by reference to, “Vertiv Holdings’ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in the accompanying prospectus.
(in millions except per share
data)
Six months
ended June 30,
2020
Six months
ended June 30,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
Year ended
December 31,
2017
Consolidated and Combined
Statement of Earnings Data
Net sales
Net sales
$ 1,903.0 $ 2,188.9 $ 4,431.2 $ 4,285.6 $ 3,879.4
Costs and expenses
Cost of sales
1,269.6 1,474.6 2,978.2 2,865.2 2,566.8
Selling, General and administrative expenses
491.2 549.7 1,100.8 1,223.8 1,086.0
Loss on extinguishment of debt(1)
174.0
Other deductions, net
83.8 67.0 146.1 178.8 254.4
Interest expense
99.1 156.4 310.4 288.8 379.3
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
(214.7) (58.8) (104.3) (271.0) (407.1)
Income tax expense
(benefit)
28.0 34.5 36.5 49.9 (19.7)
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations
(242.7) (93.3) (140.8) (320.9) (387.4)
Earnings (loss) from
discontinued operations, net
of income taxes
6.9 17.8
Net earnings (loss)
$ (242.7) $ (93.3) $ (140.8) $ (314.0) $ (369.6)
Earnings (loss) per share (basic and diluted)
(0.85) (0.79) (1.19) (2.66) (3.13)
(1)   The loss on extinguishment of debt for the six-month period ended June 30, 2020 represents costs incurred in the refinancing and pay down of the Company’s long-term debt. The loss includes $99.0 million write-off of deferred financing fees and $75.0 million early redemption premium on high interest notes, for a total refinancing cost of $174.0 million.
 
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(in millions)
Six months
ended June 30,
2020
Six months
ended June 30,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
Year ended
December 31,
2017
Consolidated and Combined Cash Flow Data:
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities
$ (121.7) $ (81.6) $ 57.5 $ (221.9) $ (49.6)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities
(19.4) (28.6) (65.3) (207.7) 1,058.1
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities
293.5 4.9 14.8 245.1 (874.1)
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
(13.2) (23.0) (47.6) (64.6) (36.7)
Consolidated and Combined
Balance Sheet Data (at end
of period):
Cash
$ 369.7 $ 110.1 $ 223.5 $ 215.1 $ 388.0
Working capital(1)
762.7 434.3 497.7 488.9 539.2
Total current assets
2,203.2 1,992.6 2,017.4 2,095.3 1,988.1
Property, plant and equipment, net
407.1 430.1 428.2 441.7 462.8
Total assets
4,729.9 4,727.4 4,657.4 4,794.4 4,808.5
Total equity
350.9 (638.2) (704.8) (540.3) (129.6)
Total debt
2,409.0 3,445.8 3,467.3 3,427.8 3,159.6
(1)
We define working capital as current assets less current liabilities.
Other financial data:
(in millions)
Six months
ended June 30,
2020
Six months
ended June 30,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
Year ended
December 31,
2017
EBITDA(1)
$ (15.1) $ 198.2 $ 409.0 $ 234.8 $ 259.0
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$ 215.2 $ 256.4 $ 541.5 $ 502.4 $ 500.0
Free Cash Flow(2)
$ (141.1) $ (110.2) $ (7.8) $ (309.7) $ (94.0)
(1)   EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure used to measure operating performance, is defined as earnings (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure used to measure operating performance, is defined as EBITDA adjusted to exclude certain unusual or non-recurring items, certain non-cash items and other items that are not indicative of ongoing operations.
Each of the above described EBITDA-based measures are not presentations made in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or any other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows as a measure of liquidity. Additionally, each such measure is not intended to be a measure of free cash flows available for management’s discretionary use, as it does not consider certain cash requirements such as interest payments, tax payments and debt service requirements. Such measures have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider any of such measures in isolation or as substitutes for our results as reported under GAAP. The Company compensates for the limitations of using non-GAAP financial measures by using them to supplement GAAP results to provide a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting the business than GAAP results alone. Because not all companies use identical calculations, these EBITDA-based measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
The Company believes EBITDA is helpful in highlighting trends because EBITDA excludes the results of decisions that are outside the control of operating management and can differ significantly from company to company depending on long-term strategic decisions regarding capital structure, the tax jurisdictions in which companies operate and capital investments.
The Company believes that the inclusion of supplementary adjustments to EBITDA applied in presenting Adjusted EBITDA are appropriate to provide additional information to investors about certain material non-cash items and about certain items that we do not expect to continue at the same level in the future as well as others. The Company believes this measure is helpful to investors because it allows period-to-period comparisons of the Company’s ongoing operating results. The information can also be used to perform trend analyses and to better identify operating trends that may otherwise be masked or distorted. Finally, the Company believes such information provides a higher degree of transparency. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are calculated as follows:
 
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(in millions)
Six months
ended June 30,
2020
Six months
ended June 30,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
Year ended
December 31,
2017
Net loss
$ (242.7) $ (93.3) $ (140.8) $ (314.0) $ (369.6)
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations—net of income tax
6.9 17.8
Net loss from continuing operations
(242.7) (93.3) (140.8) (320.9) (387.4)
Interest expense
99.1 156.4 310.4 288.8 379.3
Income tax expense (benefit)
28.0 34.5 36.5 49.9 (19.7)
Depreciation and amortization
100.5 100.6 202.9 217.0 286.8
EBITDA (15.1) 198.2 409.0 234.8 259.0
Loss on extinguishment of debt(a)
174.0
SPAC transaction costs(b)
21.4
Equity-based compensation(c)
3.2
Capitalized software write-off(d)
12.3
Cost to achieve operational
initiatives(e)
4.3 21.2 51.8 99.9 83.5
Digital project implementation costs(f)
10.1 24.7 44.7 75.5 6.9
Transition costs(g)
3.6 9.0 16.1 70.7 104.4
Foreign currency (gains)/losses(h)
(1.8) (1.4) (5.4) 11.2
Contingent consideration(i)
(10.0) (17.9)
Acquisition costs(j)
0.5 7.1
Advisory fee(k)
0.5 3.7 6.2 5.0 19.2
Impact of purchase accounting(l)
0.9 0.9 2.0 5.9 33.1
Reserve for customer dispute(m)
7.3
Loss on asset disposals(n)
0.5 0.5 3.1 0.6
Reserve for warranty item(o)
4.4 8.5
Product line rationalization(p)
7.7
Adjusted EBITDA
$ 215.2 $ 256.4 $ 541.5 $ 502.4 $ 500.0
(a)   Represents costs incurred in the refinancing and pay down of our long-term debt. Includes $99.0 million write-off of deferred financing fees and $75.0 million early redemption premium on high interest notes, for a total refinancing cost of  $174.0 million.
(b)   Represents transaction costs related to the Business Combination.
(c)   Concurrent with the close of the reverse merger on February 7, 2020, represents compensation expense related to equity awards granted to certain employees and directors of the business.
(d)   Represents the write-off of capitalized software costs that were incurred due to a strategic shift related to the Company’s enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) platform that was being implemented in the Americas segment.
(e)   Cost to achieve operational initiatives encompass both transformation efforts and restructuring, as a result of major activities designed to enhance the efficiency of a business unit, department or function. Restructuring costs include expenses associated with our efforts to improve operational efficiency and deploy assets to remain competitive on a worldwide basis. Transformation efforts primarily include third party advisory and consulting fees that relate to activities contemplated in connection with the Separation from Emerson and are expected to be significantly complete by 2020. Due to the volatility of restructuring and transformation costs and because these costs were incremental and materially related to specific transformative activities after its Separation from Emerson, we do not view these costs as indicative of future ongoing operations of the business.
(f)   Investments in global digital and IT systems to drive efficiency, speed and cost reductions. These adjustments are substantially comprised of acquiring and implementing critical information and accounting systems required post Separation from Emerson. The projects for each of these initiatives span multiple years due to the significance and complexity of the activities. However, we do not believe that these costs are indicative of ongoing operations.
(g)   Beginning in the first quarter of 2020, transition costs primarily relate to Sarbanes-Oxley Act implementation which is a public company cost resulting from the Business Combination. Historically, transition costs were primarily made up of professional fees and other costs related to establishing the business as a stand-alone company, including rebranding, following the Separation from Emerson. Expenses to facilitate the Separation from Emerson were incurred the first three years post acquisition and therefore are not indicative of future ongoing operations of the business.
(h)   Beginning in the first quarter of 2020 and going forward, we will not adjust for foreign currency gains and losses which were $4.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020. Historically, we adjusted foreign currency gains and losses as well as losses on hedges of balance sheet exposures that did not receive deferral accounting in order to provide further clarity to trends in our business.
 
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(i)   Adjustments to contingent consideration were recorded in relation to the acquisition of Energy Labs, Inc. (“Energy Labs”), as described in Note 2—Acquisitions, in Vertiv’s consolidated financial statements. As the magnitude and volatility of changes in the fair value of contingent consideration vary significantly from period to period based on the arrangements related to specific acquisitions, we do not believe the adjustments are reflective of our ongoing operations.
(j)   Represents a charge to cost of sales and inventory related to discontinuation of a product line as a result of the acquisition of Geist, a leading manufacturer of rack power distribution units, intelligent power, management, environmental monitoring and infrastructure management solutions for data centers, in 2018.
(k)   Advisory fee paid to an affiliate of Vertiv, inclusive of fees associated with specific financing arrangements. The amount was pro-rated for the periods prior to the Business Combination. Such fee is not continuing post-Business Combination.
(l)   Represents the purchase accounting related to fair value adjustments to deferred revenue, inventory and rent expense on the opening balance sheets of business acquisitions. We believe that such adjustment is useful to investors to better identify trends in our business.
(m)   Represents a reserve for an on-going customer payment dispute related to a large project completed in the Americas.
(n)   Beginning in the first quarter of 2020 and going forward, we have not had and will not adjust for gains and losses on asset disposals.
(o)   Represents the warranty reserve for a specific, large unusual claim incurred during 2018.
(p)   Represents the reserve for obsolete inventory related to a strategic shift.
(2)   Free Cash Flow a non-GAAP measure and is calculated as follows:
(in millions)
Six months
ended June 30,
2020
Six months
ended June 30,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
Year ended
December 31,
2017
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities
$ (121.7) $ (81.6) $ 57.5 $ (221.9) $ (49.6)
Capital expenditures
(13.2) (23.0) (47.6) (64.6) (36.7)
Investments in capitalized software
(6.2) (10.6) (22.7) (41.2) (7.7)
Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and
equipment
5.0 5.0 18.0
Free Cash Flow
$ (141.1) $ (110.2) $ (7.8) $ (309.7) $ (94.0)
 
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RISK FACTORS
Investing in our Class A common stock involves risks and uncertainties. Prior to making a decision about investing in our Class A common stock, you should carefully consider each of the risk factors as described below and as discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in the accompanying prospectus, including “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Vertiv Holdings’ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in the accompanying prospectus. Any of these risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or those we currently view to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our shares common stock could decline, and you could lose all or a part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
For risks related to our business, see “Risk Factors” in the accompanying prospectus.
Risks Related to the Offering and Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock
The trading price of our Class A common stock may be volatile and may decline regardless of our operating performance.
The trading price of our Class A common stock has in the past, and may in the future, fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:

actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results;

results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors;

changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates by securities analysts and investors;

changes in market valuations of similar companies;

changes in the markets in which we operate;

announcements by us, our competitors or our vendors of significant contracts, acquisitions, joint marketing relationships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

announcements by third parties of significant claims or proceedings against us;

additions or departures of key personnel;

actions by stockholders, including this offering by the selling stockholder of its shares of our Class A common stock;

speculation in the press or investment community;

general market, economic and political conditions, including an economic slowdown;

uncertainty regarding economic events, including in Europe in connection with the United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union;

changes in interest rates;

our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies;

our ability to accurately project future results and our ability to achieve those and other industry and analyst forecasts; and

new legislation or other regulatory developments that adversely affect us, our markets or our industry.
 
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In addition, extreme price and volume fluctuations in the stock markets have affected and continue to affect many technology companies’ stock prices. Often, their stock prices have fluctuated in ways unrelated or disproportionate to the companies’ operating performance. The global stock markets have experienced, and may continue to experience, significant volatility as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the price of our Class A common stock has been volatile and has experienced significant declines in recent months. The COVID-19 pandemic and the significant uncertainties it has caused for the global economy, business activity and business confidence have had, and are likely to continue to have, a significant effect on the market price of securities generally, including our Class A common stock. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may also have the effect of exacerbating many of the other risks described in this prospectus supplement and those contained in the accompanying prospectus.
Moreover, because of these fluctuations, comparing our results of operations on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failing to meet the expectations of industry or financial analysts or investors for any period. If our net revenue or results of operations fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any forecasts we may provide to the market, or if the forecasts we provide to the market are below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our Class A common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur even when we have met any previously publicly stated net revenue or earnings forecasts that we may provide.
In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If we were involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of our management team from our business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.
Sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public markets, or the perception that sales might occur, could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline.
As of the date of this prospectus supplement, there are no restrictions on transfer by our large shareholders other than the applicable securities laws and the lock-up agreements described under “Underwriting” of this prospectus supplement. Although some of our large shareholders were subject to a lock-up, their lock-up periods have already ended prior to the date of this prospectus supplement, and some of our large shareholders have never been subject to a lock-up with respect to their securities. See “Business Combination—Related Agreements” and “Securities Act Restrictions on Resale of Securities—Lock-up Agreements” in the accompanying prospectus for further discussion of the restrictions and the lock-ups. In addition, 33,533,301 shares of our Class A common stock are issuable upon the exercise of our 33,533,301 warrants outstanding as of August 4, 2020.
We have registered all Class A common stock and warrants held by certain shareholders for resale under the Securities Act on the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement is a part. See “Offering” in the accompanying prospectus. We have also registered all shares of Class A common stock that we may issue under the Incentive Plan (as defined in the accompanying prospectus) and they can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to volume limitations applicable to affiliates.
As restrictions on resale end and registration statements are available for use, the sale or possibility of sale of shares by our large shareholders could have the effect of increasing the volatility in our share price or the market price of our securities could decline if the holders of currently restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. We cannot predict the size of future sales of shares or the effect, if any, that future sales would have on the market price of our shares.
Sales of our common stock may make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. These sales also could cause our stock price to fall and make it more difficult for you to sell shares of our Class A common stock.
The underwriters of this offering may waive or release parties to the lock-up agreements entered into in connection with this offering, which could adversely affect the price of our Class A common stock.
We, all of our directors and executive officers, the selling stockholder and certain of our significant stockholders of our Class A common stock have entered or will enter into lock-up agreements pursuant to which we and they will
 
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be subject to certain restrictions with respect to the sale or other disposition of our Class A common or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our Class A common stock for a period ending at the close of business 90 days following the date of this prospectus supplement. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, as the representatives of the underwriters, at any time and without notice, may release all or any portion of the Class A common stock subject to the foregoing lock-up agreements. See “Underwriting” for more information on these agreements. If the restrictions under the lock-up agreements are waived, then the Class A common stock, subject to compliance with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) or exceptions therefrom, will be available for sale into the public markets, which could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline and impair our ability to raise capital. Sales of a substantial number of shares upon expiration of the lock-up agreements, the perception that such sales may occur, or early release of these agreements, could cause our market price to fall or make it more difficult for you to sell your Class A common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate.
 
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USE OF PROCEEDS
All of the securities offered by the selling stockholder pursuant to this prospectus supplement will be sold by the selling stockholder for its own account. We will not receive any of the proceeds from these sales, including pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares. While we have agreed to pay certain offering expenses for the selling stockholder incurred in connection with this offering, the selling stockholder will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, from the sale of our Class A common stock pursuant to this prospectus supplement. See “Underwriting.”
 
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our cash and capitalization as of June 30, 2020. You should read this information in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds” and “Summary Historical Consolidated and Combined Financial and Other Data” in this prospectus supplement and “Vertiv Holdings’ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements, related notes, and other financial information included in the accompanying prospectus.
(Dollars in millions)
As of June 30, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 369.7
Long-term debt (excluding debt issuance costs)
Term Loan Facility
$ 2,194.5
Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility(1)
$ 269.9
Total long-term debt (excluding debt issuance costs)
$ 2,464.4
Short-term borrowings
$ 20.2
Equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value, 700,000,000 shares authorized, 328,411,705 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020
Additional paid-in capital
$ 1,638.0
Accumulated deficit
$ (1,243.3)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
$ (43.8)
Total equity (deficit)
$ 350.9
Total capitalization
$ 3,205.2
(1)   As of June 30, 2020 we had $455.0 million of outstanding commitments under our ABL Credit Facility, with $164.8 million available to be drawn after taking account of  $20.3 million of outstanding letters of credit.
 
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SELLING STOCKHOLDER
The table below sets forth, as of August 4, 2020, the following information regarding the selling stockholder:

the number and percentage of total outstanding shares of Class A common stock beneficially owned by the selling stockholder prior to the offering;

the number of shares of Class A common stock to be offered by the selling stockholder (excluding the maximum number of shares subject to the underwriters’ option to purchase 3,000,000 additional shares of Class A common stock in full);

the number and percentage of total outstanding shares of Class A common stock to be beneficially owned by the selling stockholder after completion of the offering (excluding the maximum number of shares subject to the underwriters’ option to purchase 3,000,000 additional shares of Class A common stock in full); and

the percentage of the total outstanding shares to be beneficially owned by the selling stockholder after completion of the offering, assuming the exercise of the underwriter’s option to purchase 3,000,000 additional shares of Class A common stock in full.
The percentage of Class A common stock beneficially owned immediately prior to or after the completion of this offering is based on 328,411,705 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding on August 4, 2020. The address of the beneficial owner listed in the table below is c/o Vertiv Holdings Co, 1050 Dearborn Drive, Columbus, Ohio, 43085.
Beneficial Ownership
Before the Offering
Shares to be Sold
in the Offering
(Excluding the Maximum
Number of Shares
Subject to the
Underwriter’s Option
To Purchase
Additional Shares)
Beneficial Ownership After
the Offering (Excluding
the Maximum Number
of Shares Subject to
the Underwriter’s Option
To Purchase Additional
Shares)
Percent of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned After
the Offering
(Assuming
Exercise of
Option to
Purchase
Maximum
Number of
Additional
Shares)
Name of Selling
Stockholder
Number of
Shares
%(1)
Number of
Shares
%(1)
Number of
Shares
%(1)
%(1)
VPE Holdings, LLC(2)
118,261,955 36.01% 20,000,000 6.1% 98,261,955 29.9% 29.0%
(1)   Based upon 328,411,705 shares of Class A common stock outstanding as of August 4, 2020.
(2)   Represents shares owned directly by VPE Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. Vertiv JV Holdings, LLC owns a majority of the outstanding equity interests of VPE Holdings, LLC, and PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC owns a majority of the outstanding interests of Vertiv JV Holdings, LLC, and, accordingly, each may be deemed to beneficially own the shares owned directly by VPE Holdings, LLC. PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC is directly owned by six private equity investment funds, none of which private equity investment funds individually has the power to direct the voting or disposition of shares beneficially owned. Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC is the managing member of one of such funds and the managing member of the general partner of four of such funds. Through such positions, Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC has the indirect power to direct the voting of a majority of the outstanding equity interests of PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC. Platinum Equity Investment Holdings Manager III, LLC is the managing member of Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC. Platinum Equity InvestCo, L.P. owns all of the economic interests in Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC. Platinum Equity Investment Holdings IC (Cayman), LLC is the general partner of Platinum Equity InvestCo LP. Platinum InvestCo (Cayman), LLC holds a controlling interest in Platinum Equity InvestCo LP. Platinum Equity, LLC is sole member of Platinum Equity Investment Holdings Manager III, LLC and Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC. Platinum Equity also indirectly controls the other funds that own equity interests of PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC. Mr. Tom Gores is the beneficial owner of Platinum Equity, LLC. Accordingly, as a result of their indirect ownership and control of each of VPE Holdings, LLC, Vertiv JV Holdings, LLC and PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC, each of Platinum Equity Investment Holdings, LLC, Platinum Equity Investment Holdings Manager, LLC, Platinum Equity InvestCo, L.P., Platinum Equity Investment Holdings IC (Cayman), LLC, Platinum InvestCo (Cayman), LLC, Platinum Equity, LLC and Mr. Tom Gores may be deemed to beneficially own the shares owned directly by VPE Holdings, LLC. Mr. Tom Gores disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares owned directly by VPE Holdings, LLC, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. The business address of VPE Holdings, LLC and each party beneficially owning the shares held thereby is 360 North Crescent Drive, South Building, Beverly Hills, CA, 90210.
 
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UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following discussion is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the ownership and disposition of the Class A common stock offered by the selling stockholder. This summary is based upon U.S. federal income tax law as of the date of this prospectus supplement, which is subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect. This summary does not discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to particular investors in light of their individual circumstances, including investors subject to special tax rules (e.g., banks and other financial institutions, insurance companies, broker-dealers, tax-exempt entities (including private foundations), taxpayers that have elected mark-to-market accounting, entities or arrangements classified as partnerships or S corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and investors therein), regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, passive foreign investment companies, controlled foreign corporations, investors that will hold Class A common stock as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, or other integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes or investors that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar), all of whom may be subject to tax rules that differ materially from those summarized below. In addition, this summary does not discuss U.S. federal tax consequences other than income tax consequences (e.g., estate or gift tax consequences), any state, local, or non-U.S. tax considerations or the Medicare tax or alternative minimum tax. In addition, this summary is limited to investors that will hold our Class A common stock as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”). No ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, (the “IRS”) has been or will be sought regarding any matter discussed herein. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain a position contrary to any of the tax aspects set forth below.
For purposes of this summary, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial holder of Class A common stock who or that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is:

an individual who is a United States citizen or resident of the United States;

a corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for United States federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or

a trust (A) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a United States court and which has one or more United States persons (within the meaning of the Code) who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) that has in effect a valid election under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.
A “non-U.S. Holder” is a beneficial holder of Class A common stock who or that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, an individual, corporation, estate or trust that is not a U.S. Holder.
If a partnership (including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our Class A common stock, the tax treatment of a partner, member or other beneficial owner in such partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner, member or other beneficial owner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner, member or other beneficial owner level. If you are a partner, member or other beneficial owner of a partnership considering an investment in our Class A common stock, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our Class A common stock.
THIS DISCUSSION OF U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. PROSPECTIVE HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF OWNING AND DISPOSING OF OUR CLASS A COMMON STOCK, AS WELL AS THE APPLICATION OF ANY OTHER U.S. FEDERAL TAX LAWS AND ANY STATE, LOCAL AND NON-U.S. INCOME AND OTHER TAX LAWS.
 
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U.S. Holders
Taxation of Distributions
If we pay distributions to U.S. Holders of shares of our Class A common stock, such distributions will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will constitute a return of capital that will first be applied against and reduce (but not below zero) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in our Class A common stock (determined separately for each share). Any remaining excess (determined separately for each share)will be treated as gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of the Class A common stock and will be treated as described under “U.S. Holders—Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock” below.
Dividends we pay to a U.S. Holder that is a taxable corporation generally will qualify for the dividends received deduction if the requisite holding period and other applicable requirements are satisfied. With certain exceptions (including dividends treated as investment income for purposes of investment interest deduction limitations), and provided certain holding period and other applicable requirements are met, dividends we pay to a non-corporate U.S. Holder will generally constitute “qualified dividends” that will be subject to tax at the maximum tax rate accorded to long-term capital gains.
Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock
A U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss on a sale, taxable exchange or other taxable disposition of our Class A common stock (other than a redemption, which is described separately below under “—Redemption of Class A Common Stock”). Any such gain or loss will be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A common stock so disposed of exceeds one year. The amount of gain or loss recognized with respect to a share of Class A common stock will generally be equal to the difference, if any, between (1) the sum of the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received in such disposition and (2) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such share. A U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in a share of Class A common stock will generally equal the U.S. Holder’s acquisition cost of such share less any prior distributions treated as a return of capital. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
Redemption of Class A Common Stock
In the event that a U.S. Holder’s Class A common stock is redeemed by us, including pursuant to an open market transaction, the treatment of the transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes will depend on whether the redemption qualifies as a sale of the Class A common stock under Section 302 of the Code. If the redemption qualifies as a sale of Class A common stock under the tests described below, the tax consequences to the U.S. Holder will be the same as described under “U.S. Holders—Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock” above. If the redemption does not qualify as a sale of Class A common stock, the U.S. Holder will be treated as receiving a distribution, the tax consequences of which generally are described above under “U.S. Holders—Taxation of Distributions.” Whether the redemption qualifies for sale treatment will depend primarily on the total number of shares of our stock treated as held by the U.S. Holder (including any Class A common stock constructively owned by the U.S. Holder as a result of owning warrants) both before and after the redemption. The redemption of Class A common stock will generally be treated as a sale of the Class A common stock (rather than as a distribution) if the redemption (1) is “substantially disproportionate” with respect to the U.S. Holder, (2) results in a “complete termination” of the U.S. Holder’s interest in us or (3) is “not essentially equivalent to a dividend” with respect to the U.S. Holder. These tests are explained more fully below.
In determining whether any of the foregoing tests are satisfied, a U.S. Holder takes into account not only stock actually owned by the U.S. Holder, but also shares of our stock that are constructively owned by it. A U.S. Holder may constructively own, in addition to stock owned directly, stock owned by certain related individuals and entities in which the U.S. Holder has an interest or that have an interest in such U.S. Holder, as well as any stock the U.S. Holder has a right to acquire by exercise of an option, which would generally include Class A common stock which
 
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could be acquired pursuant to the exercise of our warrants. A redemption of a U.S. Holder’s Class A common stock will generally be substantially disproportionate with respect to the U.S. Holder if the percentage of our outstanding voting stock actually and constructively owned by the U.S. Holder immediately following the redemption of such Class A common stock is, among other requirements, less than 80% of the percentage of our outstanding voting stock actually and constructively owned by the U.S. Holder immediately before the redemption. There will be a complete termination of a U.S. Holder’s interest if either (1) all of the shares of our stock actually and constructively owned by the U.S. Holder are redeemed or (2) all of the shares of our stock actually owned by the U.S. Holder are redeemed and the U.S. Holder is eligible to waive, and effectively waives in accordance with specific rules, the attribution of stock owned by certain family members and the U.S. Holder does not constructively own any other stock (including any Class A common stock constructively owned by the U.S. Holder as a result of owning warrants). The redemption of the Class A common stock will not be essentially equivalent to a dividend if the redemption results in a “meaningful reduction” of the U.S. Holder’s proportionate interest in us. Whether the redemption will result in a meaningful reduction in a U.S. Holder’s proportionate interest in us will depend on the particular facts and circumstances. The IRS has indicated in a published ruling that even a small reduction in the proportionate interest of a small minority stockholder in a publicly held corporation who exercises no control over corporate affairs may constitute such a “meaningful reduction.” A U.S. Holder should consult its tax advisors as to the tax consequences of a redemption, including the application of the constructive ownership rules described above.
If none of the foregoing tests is satisfied, the redemption will be treated as a distribution, the tax consequences of which are described under “U.S. Holders—Taxation of Distributions,” above. In such event, any tax basis of the U.S. Holder in the redeemed Class A common stock should be added to the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its remaining stock, or, if it has none, to the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in any warrants held by it or possibly in other stock constructively owned by it.
Non-U.S. Holders
Taxation of Distributions
In general, any distributions (including constructive distributions) we make to a non-U.S. Holder of shares of our Class A common stock, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, provided such dividends are not effectively connected with the non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States, the applicable withholding agent will be required to withhold tax from the gross amount of the dividend at a rate of 30%, unless such non-U.S. Holder is eligible for a reduced rate of withholding tax under an applicable income tax treaty and provides proper certification of its eligibility for such reduced rate (usually on an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable). In the case of any constructive dividend, it is possible that this tax would be withheld from any amount owed to a non-U.S. Holder by the applicable withholding agent, including cash distributions on other property or sale proceeds from any warrants held by it or other property subsequently paid or credited to such holder. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will constitute a return of capital that will first be applied against and reduce (but not below zero) the non-U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in our Class A common stock (determined separately for each share). Any remaining excess (determined separately for each share) will be treated as gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of the Class A common stock and will be treated as described under “Non-U.S. Holders—Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock” below. In addition, if we determine that we have been classified as a “United States real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) at any time during specified periods (see “Non-U.S. Holders—Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock” below), the applicable withholding agent may withhold 15% of any distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits.
Unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise, any dividends we pay to a non-U.S. Holder that are effectively connected with such non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States will generally not be subject to U.S. withholding tax, provided such non-U.S. Holder complies with certain certification
 
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and disclosure requirements (usually by providing an IRS Form W-8ECI). Instead, such dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax, net of certain deductions, at the same graduated individual or corporate rates applicable to U.S. Holders. In addition, if the non-U.S. Holder is a corporation, a “branch profits tax” at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) may be imposed on the non-U.S. Holder’s effectively connected earnings and profits (subject to adjustments).
Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock
A non-U.S. Holder will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax in respect of gain recognized on a sale, taxable exchange or other taxable disposition of our Class A common stock unless:

the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business by the non-U.S. Holder within the United States;

the non-U.S. Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of disposition and certain other conditions are met; or

we are or have been a USRPHC for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of disposition or the period that the non-U.S. Holder held our Class A common stock (the “Applicable USRPHC Period”), and, in the case where shares of our Class A common stock are treated as regularly traded on an established securities market, the non-U.S. Holder has owned, directly or constructively, more than 5% of our Class A common stock at any time within Applicable USRPHC Period.
Unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise, any gain described in the first bullet point above generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, net of certain deductions, at the same graduated individual or corporate rates applicable to U.S. Holders. A non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation may also be subject to a “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on such non-U.S. Holder’s effectively connected earnings and profits (subject to adjustments). Gain described in the second bullet point above will generally be subject U.S. federal income tax at a flat rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate). Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding possible eligibility for benefits under income tax treaties.
If the third bullet point above applies to a non-U.S. Holder, gain recognized by such holder on a sale or other taxable disposition of our Class A common stock will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, net of certain deductions, at the same graduated individual or corporate rates applicable to U.S. Holders. In addition, if our Class A common stock ceases to be regularly traded on an established securities market, a buyer of our Class A common stock from such holder may be required to withhold U.S. income tax at a rate of 15% of the amount realized upon such disposition. We will be classified as a USRPHC if the fair market value of our “United States real property interests” equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market value of our worldwide real property interests plus our other assets used or held for use in a trade or business, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We do not believe we currently are or will become a USRPHC, however there can be no assurance in this regard. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these rules.
Redemption of Class A Common Stock
The characterization for U.S. federal income tax purposes of the redemption of a non-U.S. Holder’s Class A common stock will generally correspond to the U.S. federal income tax characterization of such a redemption of a U.S. Holder’s Class A common stock, as described under “U.S. Holders—Redemption of Class A Common Stock” above, and the consequences of the redemption to the non-U.S. Holder generally will be as described above under “Non-U.S. Holders—Taxation of Distributions” and “Non-U.S. Holders—Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock,” as applicable.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act
Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations and administrative guidance promulgated thereunder (commonly referred as the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act” or “FATCA”) generally impose
 
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withholding at a rate of 30% in certain circumstances on dividends in respect of our Class A common stock which are held by or through certain foreign financial institutions (including investment funds), whether such institutions are beneficial owners or intermediaries, unless any such institution (1) enters into, and complies with, an agreement with the IRS to report, on an annual basis, information with respect to interests in, and accounts maintained by, the institution that are owned by certain U.S. persons and by certain non-U.S. entities that are wholly or partially owned by U.S. persons and to withhold on certain payments, or (2) if required under an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country, reports such information to its local tax authority, which will exchange such information with the U.S. tax authorities. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country may modify these requirements. Accordingly, the entity through which our securities are held will affect the determination of whether such withholding is required. Similarly, dividends in respect of our Class A common stock held by an investor that is a non-financial non-U.S. entity (whether such entity is a beneficial owner or intermediary) that does not qualify under certain exceptions will generally be subject to withholding at a rate of 30%, unless such entity either (1) certifies to the applicable withholding agent that such entity does not have any “substantial United States owners” or (2) provides certain information regarding the entity’s “substantial United States owners,” which will in turn be provided to the U.S. tax authorities. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of FATCA on their investment in our securities.
 
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UNDERWRITING
The selling stockholder is offering the shares of Class A common stock described in this prospectus supplement through a number of underwriters as set forth in the following table (collectively, the “underwriters”). J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC are acting as representatives of the several underwriters (in such capacity, the “representatives”). Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement among us, the selling stockholder and the representatives, on behalf of the underwriters, the selling stockholder has agreed to sell to the underwriters, and each of the underwriters has severally and not jointly agreed to purchase from the selling stockholder, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement, the number of shares of Class A common stock listed next to its name in the following table:
Underwriter
Number of shares
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
BofA Securities, Inc.
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
Total
20,000,000
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the underwriting agreement, the underwriters have agreed, severally and not jointly, to purchase all of the shares of the Class A common stock sold under the underwriting agreement if any of these shares are purchased. The underwriting agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults, the purchase commitments of non-defaulting underwriters may also be increased or the offering may be terminated.
We and the selling stockholder have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
The underwriters are offering the shares of Class A common stock, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject to approval of legal matters by their counsel, including the validity of the shares, and other conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, such as the receipt by the underwriters of officer’s certificates and legal opinions. The offering of the shares of Class A common stock by the underwriters is subject to receipt and acceptance and subject to the underwriters’ right to reject any order in whole or in part. Sales of shares made outside of the United States may be made by affiliates of the underwriters.
The underwriters have an option, exercisable for 30 days after the date of this prospectus supplement, to buy up to 3,000,000 additional shares of Class A common stock from the selling stockholder, at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount. If any shares of Class A common stock are purchased with this option to purchase additional shares, the underwriters will purchase shares of Class A common stock in approximately the same proportion as shown in the table above. If any additional shares of Class A common stock are purchased, the underwriters will offer the additional shares on the same terms as those on which the shares are being offered.
Underwriting discounts and commissions
The underwriters propose to offer the shares of Class A common stock directly to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement and to dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of  $      per share under the public offering price. After the initial offering of the shares to the public, the offering price, concession and other selling terms may be changed by the underwriters.
The underwriting fee is equal to the public offering price per share of Class A common stock less the amount paid by the underwriters to the selling stockholder per share of Class A common stock. The following table shows the public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds before expenses to the selling stockholder, assuming
 
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both no exercise and full exercise by the underwriters of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock from the selling stockholder.
Per share
Without
option
With option
Public offering price
$            $            $              
Underwriting discount
$      $      $     
Proceeds, before expenses, to the selling stockholder
$      $      $
We estimate that the total expenses of this offering, including registration, filing and listing fees, printing fees and legal and accounting expenses (including reasonable fees and expenses of one legal counsel of the selling stockholder), but excluding the underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $      , and are payable by us.
In connection with the offering, certain of the underwriters or securities dealers may distribute prospectuses by electronic means, such as e-mail.
We have agreed that we will not (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or submit to, or file with, the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any shares of our Class A common stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our Class A common stock, or publicly disclose the intention to undertake any of the foregoing, or (ii) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of any shares of Class A common stock or any such other securities (regardless of whether any of these transactions in clauses (i) and (ii) above are to be settled by the delivery of shares of Class A common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise), in each case, without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC for a period of 90 days after the date of this prospectus supplement, other than the shares of our Class A common stock to be sold hereunder.
Our directors and executive officers, the selling stockholder and certain of our significant stockholders of our Class A common stock have entered into lock-up agreements with the underwriters prior to the commencement of this offering pursuant to which each of these persons or entities, with limited exceptions, for a period ending at the close of business 90 days after the date of this prospectus supplement, (such period, the “Restricted Period”), may not, without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our Class A common stock, or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our Class A common stock (including, without limitation, Class A common stock or such other securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by such directors, executive officers, managers and members in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and securities which may be issued upon exercise of a stock option or warrant), (2) enter into any hedging, swap or other agreement or transaction that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Class A common stock or such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, (3) take any action that shall require the Company to file with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to the Class A common stock or such other securities during the Restricted Period; provided that, the Company may make a confidential or non-public submission with the SEC of a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to Class A common stock or such other securities during the Restricted Period, so long as such confidential or non-public submission shall not become a publicly available registration statement during the Restricted Period, or (4) publicly disclose the intention to do any of the foregoing. This lock-up provision applies to Class A common stock and to securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for or repayable with Class A common stock. It also applies to Class A common stock owned now or acquired later by the person executing the agreement or for which the person executing the agreement later acquires the power of disposition.
 
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The shares of our Class A common stock are listed under NYSE under the symbol “VRT.”
Price stabilization, short positions
Until the distribution of the shares is completed, SEC rules may limit underwriters and selling group members from bidding for and purchasing our Class A Common stock. However, the representatives may engage in transactions that stabilize the price of the Class A common stock, such as bids or purchases to peg, fix or maintain that price.
In connection with this offering, the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, which involves making bids for, purchasing and selling shares of Class A common stock in the open market for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the Class A common stock while this offering is in progress. These stabilizing transactions may include making short sales of the Class A common stock, which involves the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares of Class A common stock than they are required to purchase in this offering, and purchasing shares of Class A common stock on the open market to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales may be “covered” shorts, which are short positions in an amount not greater than the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares referred to above, or may be “naked” shorts, which are short positions in excess of that amount. The underwriters may close out any covered short position either by exercising their option to purchase additional shares, in whole or in part, or by purchasing shares in the open market. In making this determination, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market compared to the price at which the underwriters may purchase shares through the option to purchase additional shares. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the Class A common stock in the open market that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. To the extent that the underwriters create a naked short position, they will purchase shares in the open market to cover the position.
Similar to other purchase transactions, the underwriters’ purchases to cover the syndicate short sales may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our Class A common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our Class A common stock. As a result, the price of the Class A common stock may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If the underwriters commence these activities, they may discontinue them at any time. The underwriters may carry out these transactions on the NYSE, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.
Neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our Class A common stock. In addition, neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation that the representatives will engage in these transactions or that these transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.
Other relationships
Certain of the underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include sales and trading, commercial investment banking, advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, market making, brokerages and other financial and non-financial activities and services. Certain of the underwriters and their affiliates have provided in the past to us and our affiliates and may provide from time to time in the future certain commercial banking, financial advisory, investment banking and other services for us and such affiliates in the ordinary course of their business, for which they have received and may continue to receive customary fees and commissions for these transactions.
In addition, from time to time, in the ordinary course of their business activities, the underwriters and their affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Such investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of ours or our affiliates. The underwriters and their affiliates may also make investment recommendations
 
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and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.
In connection with the Separation, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, along with Centerview Partners LLC, acted as a financial advisor to Emerson and, in connection therewith, was paid a “finder’s fee” by Emerson. J.P. Morgan Securities, LLC also served as our financial advisor in connection with Vertiv’s disposition of ASCO Power to Schneider Electric USA, Inc. which was completed on October 31, 2017, for which they received customary fees and commissions in connection therewith. In addition, J.P. Morgan Securities, LLC acted as financial advisor to Vertiv in connection with the Business Combination, for which they received customary fees and commissions in connection therewith, and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC acted as financial advisor and placement agent to GSAH in connection with, and participated in certain of the negotiations leading to, the Business Combination, for which they have received customary fees and commissions in deferred underwriting discount, advisory fees and placement agent fees, which payment was contingent upon completion of the Business Combination. In addition, prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, on the Closing Date, (i) the Sponsor (as defined in the accompanying prospectus), was jointly owned by GS Sponsor, LLC, an affiliate of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, and Cote SPAC 1 LLC and (ii) Raanan Agus, a Participating Managing Director of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., an affiliate of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, served as a member of GSAH’s board of directors. See the sections entitled “Business Combination” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the accompanying prospectus.
In addition, certain affiliates of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC own, as of August 4, 2020, in the aggregate 6.20% of our issued and outstanding Class A common stock, of which (i) GS Sponsor, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of GSAM Holdings LLC, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc, an affiliate of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, owns 4.21% which includes (x) 8,572,500 shares of our Class A common stock and (ii) 5,266,666 shares of our Class A common stock underlying the private placement warrants, and (y) GSAH Investors Emp LP, a limited partnership controlled by its general partner and its investment manager, both of which are indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. an affiliate of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, owns 1.99% of our Class A common stock (or 6,528,800 shares of our Class A common stock). Each of GSAM Holdings LLC and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. may be deemed to beneficially own the private placement warrants held by the Sponsor (as defined in the accompanying prospectus), by virtue of their direct and indirect ownership, respectively, over GS Sponsor, LLC. See the section entitled “Selling Holders” in the accompanying prospectus.
In addition, certain of the underwriters and their respective affiliates acted as initial purchasers for the offering of the 2022 Senior Notes, the 2024 Senior Notes and/or the 2024 Senior Secured Notes (each as defined in the accompanying prospectus) for which they have received customary fees and commissions, which were each refinanced in connection with the Business Combination. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., an affiliate of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, is the administrative agent and swingline lender under the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility (as defined in the accompanying prospectus) and the Amendment (as defined in the accompanying prospectus) to the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, BofA Securities, Inc. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and/or their respective affiliates acted as joint bookrunners and joint lead arrangers under the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and the Amendment and are lenders and issuing banks thereunder, and, in connection therewith, each have received and may continue to receive customary fees and commissions. In addition, Citibank, N.A., an affiliate of Citigroup Global Markets Inc., is the administrative agent under the Term Loan Facility (as defined in the accompanying prospectus), and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, BofA Securities, Inc. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and/or their respective affiliates acted as joint bookrunners and joint lead arrangers under the Term Loan Facility and were initial lenders thereunder, and, in connection therewith, have received and may continue to receive customary fees and commissions.
Selling restrictions
General
Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus supplement in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose
 
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is required. The securities offered by this prospectus supplement may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus supplement or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus supplement comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus supplement. This prospectus supplement does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus supplement in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.
Notice to prospective investors in Canada
The shares may be sold only to purchasers purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal that are accredited investors, as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and are permitted clients, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. Any resale of the shares must be made in accordance with an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus requirements of applicable securities laws.
Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this prospectus (including any amendment thereto) contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.
Pursuant to section 3A.3 (or, in the case of securities issued or guaranteed by the government of a non-Canadian jurisdiction, section 3A.4) of National Instrument 33-105 Underwriting Conflicts (NI 33-105), the underwriters are not required to comply with the disclosure requirements of NI 33-105 regarding underwriter conflicts of interest in connection with this offering.
Notice to investors in the European Economic Area and the United Kingdom
In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area (each a “Member State”), no shares of Class A common stock have been offered or will be offered pursuant to this offering to the public in that Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to the shares of Class A common stock which has been approved by the competent authority in that Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Member State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Regulation, except that offers of shares of Class A common stock may be made to the public in that Member State at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Regulation:
(a)   to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined under the Prospectus Regulation;
(b)   to fewer than 150 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined under the Prospectus Regulation), subject to obtaining the prior consent of the underwriters; or
(c)   in any other circumstances falling within Article 1(4) of the Prospectus Regulation,
provided that no such offer of shares of Class A common stock shall require us or any underwriter to publish a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Regulation or supplement a prospectus pursuant to Article 23 of the Prospectus Regulation and each person who initially acquires any shares of Class A common stock or to whom any offer is made will be deemed to have represented, acknowledged and agreed to and with each of the underwriters and the Company that it is a “qualified investor” within the meaning of Article 2(e) of the Prospectus Regulation. In the case of any shares of Class A common stock being offered to a financial intermediary as that term is used in the Prospectus Regulation, each such financial intermediary will be deemed to have represented, acknowledged and agreed that the shares of Class A common stock acquired by it in the offer have not been
 
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acquired on a non-discretionary basis on behalf of, nor have they been acquired with a view to their offer or resale to, persons in circumstances which may give rise to an offer of any shares of Class A common stock to the public other than their offer or resale in a Member State to qualified investors as so defined or in circumstances in which the prior consent of the underwriters have been obtained to each such proposed offer or resale.
For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to shares of Class A common stock in any Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any shares of Class A common stock to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for any shares of Class A common stock, and the expression “Prospectus Regulation” means Regulation (EU) 2017/1129.
Notice to prospective investors in the United Kingdom
In addition, in the United Kingdom, this prospectus is being distributed only to, and is directed only at, and any offer subsequently made may only be directed at persons who are “qualified investors” (as defined in the Prospectus Regulation) (i) who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, as amended (the “Order”) and/or (ii) who are high net worth companies (or persons to whom it may otherwise be lawfully communicated) falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons together being referred to as “relevant persons”) or otherwise in circumstances which have not resulted and will not result in an offer to the public of the shares of Class A common stock in the United Kingdom within the meaning of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.
Any person in the United Kingdom that is not a relevant person should not act or rely on the information included in this prospectus or use it as basis for taking any action. In the United Kingdom, any investment or investment activity that this document relates to may be made or taken exclusively by relevant persons.
Notice to prospective investors in Switzerland
The shares may not be publicly offered in Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (“SIX”) or on any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. This document does not constitute a prospectus within the meaning of and has been prepared without regard to the disclosure standards for issuance prospectuses under art. 652a or art. 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or the disclosure standards for listing prospectuses under art. 27 ff. of the SIX Listing Rules or the listing rules of any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the shares or this offering may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.
Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to this offering, the Company, the shares have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatory authority. In particular, this document will not be filed with and the offer of shares will not be supervised by, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA (“FINMA”) and the offer of shares has not been and will not be authorized under the Swiss Federal Act on Collective Investment Schemes (“CISA”). The investor protection afforded to acquirers of interests in collective investment schemes under the CISA does not extend to acquirers of shares.
Notice to prospective investors in Hong Kong
The shares have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold in Hong Kong, by means of any document, other than (a) to “professional investors” as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571 of the Laws of Hong Kong) of Hong Kong and any rules made thereunder; or (b) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a “prospectus” as defined in the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap. 32) of Hong Kong or which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of that Ordinance. No advertisement, invitation or document relating to the shares has been or may be issued or has been or may be in the possession of any person for the purposes of issue, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, which
 
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is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public of Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to shares which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance and any rules made under that Ordinance.
Notice to prospective investors in Singapore
This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, the shares were not offered or sold or caused to be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase and will not be offered or sold or caused to be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, and this prospectus or any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the shares, has not been circulated or distributed, nor will it be circulated or distributed, whether directly or indirectly, to any person in Singapore other than (i) (1) to an institutional investor (as defined in Section 4A of the Securities and Futures Act (Chapter 289) of Singapore, as modified or amended from time to time (the “SFA”)) pursuant to Section 274 of the SFA;”, (ii) to a relevant person (as defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA) pursuant to Section 275(1) of the SFA, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A) of the SFA, and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA; or (iii) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA.
Where the shares are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 of the SFA by a relevant person which is:
(a)   a corporation (which is not an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor; or
(b)   a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary of the trust is an individual who is an accredited investor,
securities or securities-based derivatives contracts (each term as defined in Section 2(1) of the SFA) of that corporation or the beneficiaries’ rights and interest (howsoever described) in that trust shall not be transferred within six months after that corporation or that trust has acquired the shares pursuant to an offer made under Section 275 of the SFA except:
(i)   to an institutional investor or to a relevant person, or to any person arising from an offer referred to in Section 275(1A) or Section 276(4)(i)(B) of the SFA;
(ii)   where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer;
(iii)   where the transfer is by operation of law;
(iv)   as specified in Section 276(7) of the SFA; or
(v)   as specified in Regulation 37A of the Securities and Futures (Offers of Investments) (Securities and Securities-based Derivatives Contracts) Regulations 2018.
Singapore SFA Product Classification—In connection with Section 309B of the SFA and the CMP Regulations 2018, unless otherwise specified before an offer to sell shares, the Registrant has determined, and hereby notifies all relevant persons (as defined in Section 309A(1) of the SFA), that the shares are “prescribed capital markets products” (as defined in the CMP Regulations 2018) and Excluded Investment Products (as defined in MAS Notice SFA 04-N12: Notice on the Sale of Investment Products and MAS Notice FAA-N16: Notice on Recommendations on Investment Products).
Notice to prospective investors in Japan
The shares have not been and will not be registered pursuant to Article 4, Paragraph 1 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. Accordingly, none of the shares nor any interest therein may be offered or sold, directly or
 
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indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any “resident” of Japan (which term as used herein means any person resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan), or to others for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to or for the benefit of a resident of Japan, except pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of, and otherwise in compliance with, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act and any other applicable laws, regulations and ministerial guidelines of Japan in effect at the relevant time.
LEGAL MATTERS
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, New York, New York has passed upon the validity of the Class A common stock covered by this prospectus supplement and legal matters in connection with this offering. Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP, New York, New York advised the underwriters in this offering.
EXPERTS
The audited consolidated financial statements of Vertiv Holdings, LLC as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019 (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”) and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements, have been included in accompanying prospectus in reliance upon the report of Ernst & Young LLP (“EY”), independent registered public accounting firm, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
Vertiv Holdings is controlled by investment funds managed by Platinum Equity (as defined in the accompanying prospectus). The consolidated financial statements of Vertiv Holdings as of and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019 were audited by EY, a member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited (“EYG”) in the United States, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”).
In the third and fourth quarters of 2019, four employees of a member firm of EYG in Romania (“EY Romania”), held employment discussions with Vertiv Holdings at its shared service center in Romania while performing certain audit planning and related procedures for the shared service center. 2019 is the first year EY Romania and these individuals participated in the audit of Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements under PCAOB standards. Two of these employees were staff accountants and the other two were senior accountants. Holding employment discussions with an audit client while serving as a member of the audit engagement team is inconsistent with the SEC and PCAOB auditor independence rules. One individual was hired by Vertiv Holdings in its financial planning and analysis group in a role that is not a financial reporting oversight role. This individual’s three-week employment with Vertiv Holdings was terminated as a result of this issue. The other three professionals remain with EY Romania and have been removed from the EY Romania audit engagement team assigned to audit Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements. All audit work completed by these individuals has been discarded and has been or will be performed by other members of the EY Romania audit engagement team.
In June 2018, a portfolio company ultimately controlled by Platinum Equity acquired a company (“Entity A”) which became a sister affiliate of Vertiv Holdings due to common control. A member firm of EYG in the Netherlands (“EY Netherlands”) provided value-added tax (“VAT”) compliance and representation services to Entity A from 2009 to 2018. As a VAT representative, Dutch law considers EY Netherlands jointly liable with Entity A for the VAT liabilities for a five-year statutory period. Dutch law limits the annual VAT liability based on revenue earned in the Netherlands, and the calculated maximum statutory liability is further limited to five times the annual calculation based on the five-year statute of limitations. The joint liability functions similarly to EY Netherlands providing a guarantee to the Dutch tax authorities of Entity A’s VAT obligations, a financial relationship that is inconsistent with the SEC and PCAOB independence rules as it establishes the appearance of an impermissible mutuality of interest. To effectively eliminate any potential obligations of EY Netherlands resulting from the VAT representation services, Entity A made cash deposits into the bank account owned by the Dutch tax authority equal to the unfunded portion of the maximum potential VAT liability. EY Netherlands terminated the services and
 
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withdrew its VAT representation of Entity A, which became effective on January 1, 2019 when another VAT representative was named. Although EY Netherlands remains jointly liable for any VAT obligations during the VAT representation period until January 1, 2024, the Dutch tax authority is required to satisfy any additional VAT obligations from the cash deposits from Entity A it maintains. Since the maximum potential VAT liability is fully funded with cash deposits held by the Dutch tax authority, EY Netherlands in substance is no longer at risk of being compelled to satisfy Entity A’s VAT obligations. The total fees collected for the service and the maximum liability are not material to EY Netherlands, Entity A, Platinum Equity, or Vertiv Holdings. This matter has not and will not impact Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements, nor EY’s related audit procedures or judgments.
In February 2017, a first-year staff accountant employee of EY held employment discussions with and was eventually hired in a staff level role by a subsidiary of a portfolio company (“Entity B”) ultimately controlled by Platinum Equity. The entity at which the employment discussions occurred is a sister affiliate of Vertiv Holdings by virtue of common control. These discussions occurred while the EY staff accountant was performing certain audit related procedures for Entity B subsequent to the issuance of EY’s audit report on the 2016 financial statements of Entity B. Holding employment discussions with an audit client, including its affiliates, while serving as a member of the audit engagement team is inconsistent with the SEC and PCAOB auditor independence rules. Upon identification, the individual was removed from the Entity B engagement team and subsequently resigned from EY in March 2017. The individual was not in a financial reporting oversight role at Entity B, and Platinum Equity disposed of its ownership in Entity B in October 2018.
After careful consideration of the facts and circumstances and the applicable independence rules, EY has concluded that (i) the aforementioned matters did not and do not impair EY’s ability to exercise objective and impartial judgment in connection with its audits of Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements and (ii) a reasonable investor with knowledge of all relevant facts and circumstances would reach the same conclusion. Vertiv Holdings’ management and audit committee concur with EY’s conclusions.
CHANGE IN AUDITOR
On February 7, 2020, the Board approved the engagement of EY as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 and the subsequent period through February 7, 2020, neither we, nor anyone on our behalf consulted with EY, on behalf of us, regarding the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction (either completed or proposed), the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on our financial statements, or any matter that was either the subject of a “disagreement,” as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K, or a “reportable event,” as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.
 
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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. Neither we nor the Selling Holders may sell or distribute the securities described herein until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell and is not soliciting an offer to buy the securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED AUGUST 5, 2020
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
[MISSING IMAGE: LG_VERTIV-BW.JPG]
Vertiv Holdings Co
259,672,496 Shares of Class A Common Stock
10,606,665 Warrants to Purchase Class A Common Stock
220,000 Units
This prospectus relates to: (1) the issuance by us of up to 33,533,301 shares of our Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Class A common stock) that may be issued upon exercise of warrants to purchase Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share of Class A common stock, including the public warrants and the private placement warrants (each as defined below); and (2) the offer and sale, from time to time, by the selling holders identified in this prospectus (the “Selling Holders”), or their permitted transferees, of (i) up to 259,672,496 shares of Class A common stock, (ii) up to 10,606,665 warrants and (iii) up to 220,000 units (each as defined below).
This prospectus provides you with a general description of such securities and the general manner in which we and the Selling Holders may offer or sell the securities. More specific terms of any securities that we and the Selling Holders may offer or sell may be provided in a prospectus supplement that describes, among other things, the specific amounts and prices of the securities being offered and the terms of the offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus.
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of Class A common stock, warrants or units by the Selling Holders pursuant to this prospectus or of the shares of Class A common stock by us pursuant to this prospectus, except with respect to amounts received by us upon exercise of the warrants to the extent such warrants are exercised for cash. However, we will pay the expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, associated with the sale of securities pursuant to this prospectus.
Our registration of the securities covered by this prospectus does not mean that either we or the Selling Holders will issue, offer or sell, as applicable, any of the securities. The Selling Holders may offer and sell the securities covered by this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. We provide more information in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.”
You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement or amendment carefully before you invest in our securities.
Our Class A common stock, warrants and units are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbols “VRT,” “VRT WS” and “VERT.U,” respectively. On August 4, 2020, the closing price of our Class A common stock was $15.20 per share, the closing price of our warrants, was $5.27 per share, and the closing price of our units was $16.80 per share.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as that term is defined under the federal securities laws and, as such, are subject to certain reduced public company reporting requirements.
Investing in our securities involves risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 11 and in any applicable prospectus supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is                 , 2020.

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of the registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the SEC using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we and the Selling Holders may, from time to time, issue, offer and sell, as applicable, any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. We may use the shelf registration statement to issue up to an aggregate of 33,533,301 shares of Class A common stock upon exercise of the public warrants and private placement warrants. The Selling Holders may use the shelf registration statement to sell up to an aggregate of 259,672,496 shares of Class A common stock, up to 10,606,665 warrants and up to 220,000 units from time to time through any means described in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” More specific terms of any securities that the Selling Holders offer and sell may be provided in a prospectus supplement that describes, among other things, the specific amounts and prices of the Class A common stock, warrants and/or units being offered and the terms of the offering.
A prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information included in this prospectus. Any statement contained in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in such prospectus supplement modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified will be deemed to constitute a part of this prospectus only as so modified, and any statement so superseded will be deemed not to constitute a part of this prospectus. You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”
Neither we nor the Selling Holders have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. We and the Selling Holders take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby and only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement. This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date on the front of those documents only, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement, or any sale of a security. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under “Where You Can Find More Information.”
On February 7, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), Vertiv Holdings Co (formerly known as GS Acquisition Holdings Corp), consummated its previously announced business combination pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 10, 2019 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among GS Acquisition Holdings Corp (“GSAH”), Vertiv Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Vertiv Holdings”), VPE Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Vertiv Stockholder”), Crew Merger Sub I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of GSAH (“First Merger Sub”), and Crew Merger Sub II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of GSAH (“Second Merger Sub”). As contemplated by the Merger Agreement, (1) First Merger Sub merged with and into Vertiv Holdings, with Vertiv Holdings continuing as the surviving entity (the “First Merger”) and (2) immediately following the First Merger and as part of the same overall transaction as the First Merger, Vertiv Holdings merged with and into Second Merger Sub, with Second Merger Sub continuing as the surviving entity and renamed “Vertiv Holdings, LLC” (the “Second Merger” and, collectively with the First Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Business Combination”).
 
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Unless the context otherwise indicates or requires, references to (1) “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Vertiv Holdings Co, a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries following the Business Combination; (2) “GSAH” refers to GS Acquisition Holdings Corp prior to the Business Combination; and (3) “Vertiv” refers to Vertiv Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries prior to the Business Combination.
 
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MARKET, RANKING AND OTHER INDUSTRY DATA
Certain market, ranking and industry data included in this prospectus, including the size of certain markets and our size or position and the positions of our competitors within these markets, including its products and services relative to its competitors, are based on estimates of our management. These estimates have been derived from our management’s knowledge and experience in the markets in which we operate, as well as information obtained from surveys, reports by market research firms, our customers, distributors, suppliers, trade and business organizations and other contacts in the markets in which we operate, which, in each case, we believe are reliable.
We are responsible for all of the disclosure in this prospectus and while we believe the data from these sources to be accurate and complete, we have not independently verified data from these sources or obtained third-party verification of market share data and this information may not be reliable. In addition, these sources may use different definitions of the relevant markets. Data regarding our industry is intended to provide general guidance, but is inherently imprecise. Market share data is subject to change and cannot always be verified with certainty due to limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties inherent in any statistical survey of market shares. In addition, customer preferences can and do change. As a result, you should be aware that market share, ranking and other similar data set forth herein, and estimates and beliefs based on such data, may not be reliable. References herein to us being a leader in a market or product category refers to our belief that it has a leading market share position in each specified market, unless the context otherwise requires. In addition, the discussion herein regarding our various markets is based on how we define the markets for our products, which products may be either part of larger overall markets or markets that include other types of products and services.
Assumptions and estimates of our future performance are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk factors — Risks Related to Our Business.” These and other factors could cause our future performance to differ materially from our assumptions and estimates. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
 
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TRADEMARKS, SERVICE MARKS AND TRADE NAMES
This prospectus contains some of our trademarks, service marks and trade names, including, among others, Vertiv, Liebert, Chloride, NetSure, Geist, Energy Labs and Avocent. Each one of these trademarks, service marks or trade names is either (1) our registered trademark, (2) a trademark for which we have a pending application, or (3) a trade name or service mark for which we claim common law rights. All other trademarks, trade names or service marks of any other company appearing in this prospectus belong to their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus are presented without the TM, SM and ® symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our respective rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks and trade names.
 
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SELECTED DEFINITIONS
Unless stated in this prospectus or the context otherwise requires, references to:
2022 Senior Notes” are to Vertiv Holdco’s $500.0 million of 12.00%/13.00% Senior PIK Toggle Notes due 2022;
2024 Senior Notes” are to Vertiv Group’s $750.0 million of 9.250% Senior Notes due 2024;
2024 Senior Secured Notes” are to Vertiv Group’s $120.0 million of 10.00% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due 2024 (with a springing to maturity of November 21, 2021 if the 2022 Senior Notes are not repaid, redeemed or discharged, or the maturity with respect thereto is not otherwise extended, on or prior to November 15, 2021);
Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement” are to that certain Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 7, 2020, by and among the Company and the RRA Parties;
Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility” are to that certain Revolving Credit Agreement, by and among, inter alia, Vertiv Group Intermediate, Vertiv Group, as lead borrower, certain direct and indirect subsidiaries of Vertiv Group, as co-borrowers thereunder, various financial institutions from time to time party thereto, as lenders, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, as amended, amended and restated, modified or supplemented from time to time;
Board” or “Board of Directors” are to the board of directors of the Company;
Business Combination” are to the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, including: (1) the merger of First Merger Sub with and into Vertiv Holdings, with Vertiv Holdings continuing as the surviving entity (the “First Merger”); (2) immediately following the First Merger and as part of the same overall transaction as the First Merger, the merger of Vertiv Holdings with and into Second Merger Sub with Second Merger Sub continuing as the surviving entity and renamed “Vertiv Holdings, LLC” (the “Second Merger” and, together with the First Merger, the “Mergers”); and (3) the PIPE Investment, which transactions were consummated on February 7, 2020;
Bylaws” are to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company;
Certificate of Incorporation” are to the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company;
Class A common stockare to Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company;
Class B common stockare to Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company;
Closing Date” are to February 7, 2020, the date on which we completed the Business Combination;
Code” are to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;
common stock” are to the Class A common stock and the Class B common stock, together;
Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” are to Vertiv Holdings Co, a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries;
Cote PIPE Investor” are to Atlanta Sons LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and an affiliate of David M. Cote, which purchased PIPE Shares in the PIPE Investment;
Cote Sponsor Member” are to Cote SPAC 1 LLC, a Delaware limited liability company managed by David M. Cote, which, following the dissolution of Sponsor and the distribution of the founder shares and private placement warrants held by Sponsor to its members, received 8,572,500 founder shares and 5,266,667 private placement warrants;
DGCL” are to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware;
 
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Emerson” are to Emerson Electric Co., which, prior to the Separation in the fiscal fourth quarter of 2016, operated Vertiv’s business as part of its broader corporate organization;
Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;
EY” are to Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm to Vertiv Holdings;
First Merger Sub” are to Crew Merger Sub I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of GSAH prior to the Business Combination;
founder shares” are to the 17,250,000 shares of Class B common stock that were converted into shares of our Class A common stock at the closing of the Business Combination, of which 8,572,500 shares are held by the Cote Sponsor Member, 8,572,500 shares are held by the GS Sponsor Member and 35,000 shares are held by each of Mr. James Albaugh (a former director of GSAH), Mr. Roger Fradin and Mr. Steven S. Reinemund;
GAAP” are to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America;
Goldman Sachs” are to The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (NYSE: GS) and its affiliates;
GS Sponsor Member” are to GS Sponsor LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and an affiliate of Goldman Sachs, which, following the dissolution of Sponsor and the distribution of the founder shares and private placement warrants held by Sponsor to its members, received 8,572,500 founder shares and 5,266,666 private placement warrants;
GSAH” are to GS Acquisition Holdings Corp, prior to the consummation of the Business Combination;
GSAH Certificate of Incorporation” are to GSAH’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, dated June 7, 2018;
GSAM” are to Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P., a division of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.;
GS ESC PIPE Investor” are to GSAH Investors Emp LP, a Delaware limited partnership and an affiliate of Goldman Sachs;
Incentive Plan” are to the Vertiv Holdings Co 2020 Stock Incentive Plan approved in connection with the Business Combination;
Initial Stockholders” are to the Sponsor Members (as successors-in-interest to the Sponsor’s founder shares and private placement warrants) and Mr. James Albaugh, Mr. Roger Fradin and Mr. Steven S. Reinemund, GSAH’s independent directors prior to the Business Combination;
Investment Company Act” are to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;
IPO” or “initial public offering” are to GSAH’s initial public offering, consummated on June 12, 2018;
JOBS Act” are to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012;
management” or “management team” of an entity are to the officers and directors of such entity;
Merger Agreement” are to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 10, 2019 (as it may be further amended from time to time), by and among GSAH, Vertiv Holdings, the Vertiv Stockholder, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub;
NYSE” are to the New York Stock Exchange;
Organizational Documents” are to the Bylaws and the Certificate of Incorporation;
Other Registrable Securities” are to the shares of Class A common stock that are held by the RRA Parties and are “Registrable Securities” under our Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement,
 
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other than (i) the founder shares and private placement warrants held by our Initial Stockholders, (ii) the PIPE Shares held by RRA Parties and (iii) the Stock Consideration Shares held by the Vertiv Stockholder;
NYSE” are to the New York Stock Exchange;
PIPE Investment” are to the private placement pursuant to which the PIPE Investors purchased 123,900,000 shares of Class A common stock for an aggregate purchase price equal to $1,239,000,000;
PIPE Investors” are to the Cote PIPE Investor and the GS ESC PIPE Investor and certain other “accredited investors” (as defined in Rule 501 under the Securities Act), and their permitted transferees, that subscribed for and purchased shares of Class A common stock in the PIPE Investment;
PIPE Shares” are to the 123,900,000 shares of Class A common stock that were issued to the PIPE Investors in connection with the PIPE Investment;
Platinum” are to Platinum Equity Capital Partners III, L.P., Platinum Equity Capital Partners IV, L.P. and certain of their affiliates who beneficially own shares of our Class A common stock;
Platinum Advisors” are to Platinum Equity Advisors, LLC, an affiliate of Platinum;
Platinum Equity” are to Platinum Equity, LLC, its sponsored funds and affiliated private equity vehicles;
Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility” are to the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility prior to entering into Amendment No. 5 thereto on March 2, 2020 in connection with the refinancing transactions;
Prior Notes” are to the 2022 Senior Notes, 2024 Senior Notes and 2024 Senior Secured Notes, all of which were redeemed on March 2, 2020;
Prior Term Loan Facility” are to that certain Term Loan Credit Agreement, by and among¸ inter alia, Vertiv Group Intermediate, Vertiv Group, as borrower, various financial institutions from time to time party thereto, as lenders, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, as amended, amended and restated, modified or supplemented from time to time, which was repaid in full and terminated on March 2, 2020 in connection with the refinancing transactions;
private placement warrants” are to the 10,533,333 warrants that were initially issued to Sponsor in a private placement simultaneously with the closing of the IPO;
public shares” are to the shares of Class A common stock (including those that underlie the units) that were initially offered and sold by GSAH in its IPO;
public stockholders” are to the holders of the public shares (including certain of the Initial Stockholders provided that each of their status as a “public stockholder” shall only exist with respect to such public shares);
public warrants” are to the redeemable warrants (including those that underlie the units) that were initially offered and sold by GSAH in its IPO;
RRA Parties” are to the Initial Stockholders, Vertiv Stockholder, GS ESC PIPE Investor, Cote PIPE Investor and certain other PIPE Investors party to the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement;
Sarbanes-Oxley Act” are to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;
SEC” are to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission;
Second Merger Sub” are to Crew Merger Sub II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and our direct, wholly-owned subsidiary, which was renamed “Vertiv Holdings, LLC” in connection with the Business Combination;
Securities Act” are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;
Selling Holders” are to the selling holders identified in this prospectus and the pledgees, donees, transferees, assignees, successors and others who later come to hold any of the Selling Holders’ interest in
 
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the shares of Class A common stock, warrants and/or units, as applicable, after the date of this prospectus such that registration rights shall apply to those securities;
Senior Secured Credit Facilities” are to the Term Loan Facility and the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility, collectively;
Separation” are to the transaction pursuant to which Vertiv Group and certain of its affiliates acquired the assets and liabilities associated with the business, operations, products, services and activities of Vertiv Predecessor;
Sponsor” are to GS DC Sponsor I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which dissolved on February 7, 2020 and distributed its 17,145,000 founder shares and 10,533,333 private placement warrants to the Sponsor Members; provided that, following the dissolution of Sponsor, “Sponsor” shall include the Sponsor Members as successors-in-interest to Sponsor;
Sponsor Lock-up Period” are to, in the case of the founder shares, the period ending on the earlier of (1) February 7, 2021 and (2) (a) if the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing on or after July 6, 2020, or (b) the date on which we complete a liquidation, merger, stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction that results in all of our public stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Class A common stock for cash, securities or other property;
Sponsor Members” are to the GS Sponsor Member and the Cote Sponsor Member, the two members of Sponsor prior to its dissolution;
Stockholders Agreement” are to that certain Stockholders’ Agreement, dated as of February 7, 2020, by and among the Company, the Sponsor Members and the Vertiv Stockholder;
Stock Consideration” are to the shares of Class A common stock issued to the Vertiv Stockholder as stock consideration pursuant to the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement;
Stock Consideration Shares” are to the 118,261,955 shares of Class A common stock issued to the Vertiv Stockholder at the closing of the Business Combination as Stock Consideration;
Subscribing Vertiv Executives” are to certain executive officers of the Company that purchased PIPE Shares;
Subscription Agreements” are to, collectively, those certain subscription agreements entered into between GSAH and each of the PIPE Investors;
Tax Receivable Agreement” are to that certain Tax Receivable Agreement entered into at the closing of the Business Combination by the Company and the Vertiv Stockholder;
Term Loan Facility” are to that certain Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of March 2, 2020, by and among, inter alia, Vertiv Group Intermediate, Vertiv Group, as borrower, various financial institutions from time to time party thereto, as lenders, and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent, as amended, amended and restated, modified or supplemented from time to time;
transfer agent” are to Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (“Computershare”);
trust account” are to the trust account of GSAH that held proceeds from its IPO and the sale of the private placement warrants;
trustee” are to Wilmington Trust, N.A.;
units” are to the units of the Company, each unit representing one share of Class A common stock and one-third of one redeemable warrant to acquire one share of Class A common stock, that were initially offered and sold by GSAH in its IPO (less the number of units that have been separated into the underlying public shares and underlying public warrants upon the request of the holder thereof);
Vertiv” are to Vertiv Holdings, together with its subsidiaries, including Vertiv Holding Corporation;
 
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Vertiv Group” are to Vertiv Group Corporation, the principal operating subsidiary of the Company;
Vertiv Group Intermediate” are to Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation;
Vertiv Holdco” are to Vertiv Intermediate Holding Corporation;
Vertiv Holding Corporation” are to Vertiv Holding Corporation, a Delaware corporation;
Vertiv Holdings” are to Vertiv Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and the direct parent of Vertiv Holding Corporation;
Vertiv Predecessor” are to the Network Power business previously owned by Emerson Electric Co. and the predecessor of Vertiv Group for accounting purposes;
Vertiv Stockholder” are to VPE Holdings, LLC; and
warrants” are to public warrants and private placement warrants.
Unless otherwise stated in this prospectus or as the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus to Class A common stock or warrants include such securities underlying the units.
 
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains statements that are forward-looking and as such are not historical facts. This includes, without limitation, statements regarding the financial position, capital structure, dividends, indebtedness, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, including as they relate to the anticipated effects of the Business Combination. These statements constitute projections, forecasts and forward-looking statements, and are not guarantees of performance. Such statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. When used in this prospectus, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “strive,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. When the Company discusses its strategies or plans, including as they relate to the Business Combination, it is making projections, forecasts or forward-looking statements. Such statements are based on the beliefs of, as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to, the Company’s management.
The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus supplement are based on current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on the Company. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting the Company will be those that the Company has anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond the Company’s control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of the assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to factors relating to the business, operations and financial performance of the Company and its subsidiaries, including: global economic weakness and uncertainty; risks relating to the continued growth of the Company’s customers’ markets; failure to meet or anticipate technology changes; the unpredictability of the Company’s future operational results; disruption of the Company’s customers’ orders or the Company’s customers’ markets; less favorable contractual terms with large customers; risks associated with governmental contracts; failure to mitigate risks associated with long-term fixed price contracts; risks associated with information technology disruption or security; risks associated with the implementation and enhancement of information systems; failure to properly manage the Company’s supply chain or difficulties with third-party manufacturers; competition in the infrastructure technologies industry; failure to realize the expected benefit from any rationalization and improvement efforts; disruption of, or changes in, the Company’s independent sales representatives, distributors and original equipment manufacturers; failure to obtain performance and other guarantees from financial institutions; failure to realize sales expected from the Company’s backlog of orders and contracts; changes to tax law; ongoing tax audits; risks associated with future legislation and regulation of the Company’s customers’ markets both in the United States and abroad; costs or liabilities associated with product liability; the Company’s ability to attract, train and retain key members of its leadership team and other qualified personnel; the adequacy of the Company’s insurance coverage; a failure to benefit from future acquisitions; failure to realize the value of goodwill and intangible assets; the global scope of the Company’s operations; risks associated with the Company’s sales and operations in emerging markets; exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; the Company’s ability to comply with various laws and regulations and the costs associated with legal compliance; adverse outcomes to any legal claims and proceedings filed by or against us; the Company’s ability to protect or enforce its proprietary rights on which its business depends; third party intellectual property infringement claims; liabilities associated with environmental, health and safety matters; risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic; risks associated with the Company’s limited history of operating as an independent company; and net losses in future periods; and other risks and uncertainties indicated in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including those under the heading “Risk Factors,” and that may be set forth in any applicable prospectus supplement under any similar caption. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of the Company’s assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements.
 
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Forward-looking statements included in this prospectus speak only as of the date of this prospectus or any earlier date specified for such statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
 
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights certain significant aspects of our business and is a summary of information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before making your investment decision. You should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the information presented under the sections titled “Risk Factors,” “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements,” “Vertiv Holdings’ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus before making an investment decision. The definition of some of the terms used in this prospectus are set forth under the section “Selected Definitions.”
Business Summary
Who we are
We are a global leader in the design, manufacturing and servicing of critical digital infrastructure technology that powers, cools, deploys, secures and maintains electronics that process, store and transmit data. We provide this technology to data centers, communication networks and commercial & industrial environments worldwide.
We aim to help create a world where critical technologies always work, and where we empower the vital applications of the digital world.
Our business
We have a suite of comprehensive offerings, innovative solutions and a leading service organization that supports a diversified group of customers, which we deliver from engineering, manufacturing, sales and service locations in more than 45 countries across the Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”). We provide the hardware, software and services to facilitate an increasingly interconnected marketplace of digital systems where large amounts of indispensable data need to be transmitted, analyzed, processed and stored. Whether this growing quantity of data is managed centrally in cloud/hyperscale locations, distributed at the so-called “edge” of the network, processed in an enterprise location or managed via a hybrid platform, the underpinnings and operations of all those locations rely on our critical digital infrastructure and services.
We have a broad range of offerings, which include power management products, thermal management products, integrated rack systems, modular solutions, and management systems for monitoring and controlling digital infrastructure. These comprehensive offerings are integral to the technologies used for a number of services, including e-commerce, online banking, file sharing, video on-demand, energy storage, wireless communications, Internet of Things (“IoT”) and online gaming. In addition, through our global services network, we provide lifecycle management services, predictive analytics and professional services for deploying, maintaining and optimizing these products and their related systems.
Our primary customers are businesses across three main end markets: (1) data centers (including cloud/hyperscale, colocation, enterprise and edge), (2) communication networks and (3) commercial and industrial environments. Within these areas we serve a diverse array of industries, including social media, financial services, healthcare, transportation, retail, education and government. We approach these industries and end users through our global network of direct sales professionals, independent sales representatives, channel partners and original equipment manufacturers. Many of our installations are completed in collaboration with our customers and we work with them from the initial planning phase through delivery and servicing of the completed solution. This depth of interaction supports key customer relationships, sometimes spanning multiple decades. Our most prominent brands include Liebert, NetSure, Geist and Avocent.
Our business is organized into three segments according to our main geographic regions — the Americas, Asia Pacific and EMEA — and we manage and report our results of operations across these three business segments. For the year ended December 31, 2019, Vertiv’s revenue was $4,431.2 million, of which 50% was transacted in the Americas; 29% was transacted in Asia Pacific; and 21% was transacted in EMEA as compared with Vertiv’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $4,285.6 million. For the
 
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six months ended June 30, 2020, our revenue was $1,903.0 million, of which 50% was transacted in the Americas; 29% was transacted in Asia Pacific; and 21% was transacted in EMEA as compared with Vertiv’s revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2019 of $2188.9 million.
Our Customers
Our primary customers are businesses across three main end markets: (1) data centers (including cloud/hyperscale, colocation, enterprise and edge), (2) communication networks and (3) commercial and industrial environments.
Data centers:   The primary purpose of a data center is to process, store and distribute data. There are a host of different sizes and types of data centers, but primarily they can be broken down into the following classifications:

Cloud/Hyperscale:   These facilities are massive in scale and are primarily used to support off-premise cloud applications. This portion of the industry is growing rapidly. Examples of companies in this space include Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud.

Colocation:   These facilities range in size and offer users a location where they can place their information technology (“I.T.”) equipment, while the building and critical digital infrastructure is owned by the colocation company. This portion of the industry is growing rapidly. Examples of companies in this space include Digital Realty and Equinix.

Enterprise:   This classification refers to the “Fortune 1000” type businesses that have their own on-premises data centers. Examples of companies in this space include Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Walmart and Cleveland Clinic. We have found that the growth of the enterprise market, based on data centers and square footage, has generally been flat for the past three years.

Edge:   These types of data centers are at the infancy stage of their development and will be utilized by all of the aforementioned categories in the future. These locations are decentralized by nature and located closer to where the data is being demanded (i.e., towards the edge of the network). This market is small today, but the opportunities for growth in this space are expected to increase as the proliferation of connected devices and data storage needs continue to grow in the future.
Communication networks:   This space is comprised of wireline, wireless and broadband companies. These companies create content and are ultimately responsible for distributing voice, video and data to businesses and consumers. They deliver this data through an intricate network of wireline and wireless mediums. Additionally, some of these companies’ locations act as data centers where the data is delivered and also processed and stored. This sector has a generally low single digit growth profile.
Commercial/Industrial:   This space is comprised of those applications that are tied to a company’s critical systems. Examples include transportation, manufacturing, oil and gas, etc. These applications are growing in their need for intelligent infrastructure and may be regulated or need to pass some level of compliance. The growth in this area generally tracks gross domestic product.
Business Combination
On the Closing Date, Vertiv Holdings Co (formerly known as GS Acquisition Holdings Corp), consummated the Business Combination pursuant to that certain Merger Agreement, by and among GSAH, Vertiv Holdings, the Vertiv Stockholder, the First Merger Sub and the Second Merger Sub. As contemplated by the Merger Agreement, (1) First Merger Sub merged with and into Vertiv Holdings, with Vertiv Holdings continuing as the surviving entity and (2) immediately following the First Merger and as part of the same overall transaction as the First Merger, Vertiv Holdings merged with and into Second Merger Sub, with Second Merger Sub continuing as the surviving entity and renamed “Vertiv Holdings, LLC.” As a result of the consummation of the Business Combination, (a) the Company directly owns all of the equity interests of Vertiv Holdings, LLC and indirectly owns the equity interests of its subsidiaries and (b) the Vertiv Stockholder, the sole equity owner of Vertiv Holdings prior to the Business Combination, holds 118,261,955 shares of our Class A common stock as of August 4, 2020. In connection with the Business Combination, the registrant changed its name from GS Acquisition Holdings Corp to “Vertiv Holdings Co”.
 
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On February 6, 2020, GSAH’s stockholders, at a special meeting of GSAH, approved and adopted the Merger Agreement, and approved the Business Combination proposal and the other related proposals presented in the definitive proxy statement filed with the SEC on January 17, 2020 (the “Proxy Statement”).
The aggregate merger consideration paid by GSAH in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination was approximately $1.5 billion (the “Merger Consideration”). The Merger Consideration was paid in a combination of cash and stock. The amount of cash consideration paid to the Vertiv Stockholder upon the consummation of the Business Combination was $341.6 million. The remainder of the consideration paid to the Vertiv Stockholder upon the consummation of the Business Combination was Stock Consideration, consisting of 118,261,955 newly-issued shares of our Class A common stock, which shares were valued at $10.00 per share for purposes of determining the aggregate number of shares of our Class A common stock payable to the Vertiv Stockholder as part of the Merger Consideration. In addition, the Vertiv Stockholder is entitled to receive additional future cash consideration with respect to the Business Combination in the form of amounts payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, GSAH entered into the Subscription Agreements with the PIPE Investors, including the Subscribing Vertiv Executives, pursuant to which the PIPE Investors collectively subscribed for 123,900,000 shares of our Class A common stock for an aggregate purchase price equal to $1,239,000,000. The PIPE Investment was consummated in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination. See “Business Combination” for a summary of the Subscription Agreements. Each of the Initial Stockholders agreed to waive the anti-dilution adjustments provided for in GSAH’s Certificate of Incorporation, which were applicable to the founder shares. As a result of such waiver, the 17,250,000 founder shares automatically converted from shares of our Class B common stock into shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis upon the consummation of the Business Combination.
On the Closing Date, we entered into certain related agreements including the Tax Receivable Agreement, Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement and the Stockholders Agreement (each of which is described in the section titled “Business Combination”).
The following diagram illustrates our structure following the consummation of the Business Combination:
[MISSING IMAGE: TM2026104D1-FC_VERTIVBW.JPG]
 
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Financing Transactions
To further its objective to explore future financing options to optimize its capital structure, on January 31, 2020, Vertiv commenced a process to (i) amend and extend the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and (ii) refinance (a) the indebtedness represented by the Prior Term Loan Facility, (b) the 2022 Senior Notes, (c) the 2024 Senior Notes and (d) the 2024 Senior Secured Notes. In connection with the refinancing process, on January 31, 2020, Vertiv called each of the Prior Notes for conditional redemption on March 2, 2020, in accordance with the respective indentures governing the Prior Notes. In addition, a total of $500,000 principal amount of 2024 Senior Notes were tendered in the change of control offer made in connection with the Business Combination and were repurchased on February 7, 2020.
On the Closing Date and prior to the completion of the refinancing, Vertiv used a portion of the proceeds from the Business Combination, including the PIPE Investment, to repay $176 million of the outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and approximately $1.29 billion of the outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Term Loan Facility.
On March 2, 2020, we completed the refinancing by entering into (i) Amendment No. 5 to the Prior-Asset Based Revolving Credit Agreement, by and among, inter alia, Vertiv Group Intermediate, Vertiv Group, as lead borrower, certain direct and indirect subsidiaries of Vertiv Group, as co-borrowers and guarantors thereunder, various financial institutions from time to time party thereto, as lenders, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Amendment” and, the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement as amended by the Amendment, the “Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility”), which Amendment extended the maturity of, and made certain other modifications to, the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and (ii) the Term Loan Credit Agreement, with the borrowings thereunder used to repay or redeem, as applicable, in full the Prior Term Loan Facility and the Prior Notes. The refinancing transactions reduce our debt service requirements going forward and extend the maturity profile of our indebtedness.
Emerging Growth Company
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Further, section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with certain other public companies difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of: (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the closing of the IPO, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common equity that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th; and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.00 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. We currently anticipate losing our “emerging growth company” status at 2020 year end. References herein to “emerging growth company” shall have the meaning associated with it in the JOBS Act.
 
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Risk Factors
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in the section titled “Risk Factors”, that represent challenges that we face in connection with the successful implementation of our strategy and growth of our business.
Corporate Information
We were incorporated on April 25, 2016 as a Delaware corporation under the name “GS Acquisition Holdings Corp” and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On February 7, 2020, in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, we changed our name to “Vertiv Holdings Co.” Our principal executive offices are located at 1050 Dearborn Drive, Columbus, Ohio, 43085, and our telephone number is (614) 888-0246. Our website is www.vertiv.com. The information found on, or that can be accessed from or that is hyperlinked to, our website is not part of this prospectus.
 
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THE OFFERING
We are registering the issuance by us of up to 33,533,301 shares of our Class A common stock that may be issued upon exercise of warrants to purchase Class A common stock, including the public warrants and the private placement warrants. We are also registering the resale by the Selling Holders or their permitted transferees of (i) up to 259,672,496 shares of Class A common stock, (ii) up to 10,606,665 warrants and (iii) 220,000 units. Any investment in the securities offered hereby is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the information set forth under “Risk Factors” on page 11 of this prospectus.
Issuance of Class A Common Stock
The following information is as of August 4, 2020 and does not give effect to issuances of our Class A common stock or warrants after such date, or the exercise of warrants after such date.
Shares of our Class A common stock to be issued upon exercise of all public warrants and private placement warrants
33,533,301 shares
Shares of our Class A common stock outstanding prior to exercise of all public warrants and private placement warrants
328,411,705 shares
Use of proceeds
We will receive up to an aggregate of approximately $385,632,962 from the exercise of all public warrants and private placement warrants assuming the exercise in full of all such warrants for cash. Unless we inform you otherwise in a prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the exercise of such warrants for general corporate purposes which may include acquisitions or other strategic investments or repayment of outstanding indebtedness.
Resale of Class A common stock, warrants and units
Shares of Class A common stock offered by the Selling Holders (including 10,533,333 shares of Class A common stock that may be issued upon exercise of the private placement warrants, 17,250,000 founder shares, 113,333,876 PIPE Shares, 118,261,955 Stock Consideration Shares and 293,332 shares of Class A common stock underlying the units that are Other Registrable Securities)
259,672,496 shares
Warrants offered by the Selling Holders (includes 10,533,333 private placement warrants and 73,332 public warrants underlying the units that are Other Registrable
Securities)
10,606,665 warrants
Exercise Price
$11.50 per share, subject to adjustment as described herein.
Redemption
The warrants are redeemable in certain circumstances. See “Description of Securities — Private Placement Warrants” for further discussion.
 
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Units offered by the Selling Holders that are Other Registrable Securities
220,000 units, each unit consisting of one share of Class A common stock and one-third of one public warrant.
Use of Proceeds
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Class A common stock, warrants and units to be offered by the Selling Holders. With respect to shares of Class A common stock underlying the warrants, we will not receive any proceeds from such shares except with respect to amounts received by us upon exercise of such warrants to the extent such warrants are exercised for cash.
Lock-up Agreements
Each of (i) the founder shares that are owned by the Initial Stockholders and (ii) the Stock Consideration Shares owned by the Vertiv Stockholder were subject to certain restrictions on transfer until the termination of applicable lock-up periods. See “Business Combination — Related Agreements” for further discussion.
NYSE Ticker Symbols
Class A common stock: “VRT”
Warrants: “VRT WS”
Units: “VERT.U”
 
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SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF VERTIV HOLDINGS AND VERTIV HOLDINGS CO
The following tables summarize Vertiv’s selected historical consolidated and combined financial data for the periods and as of the dates indicated. During 2017, Vertiv elected to change its fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31. The change became effective at the end of the period ended December 31, 2016. Unless otherwise noted, all references to “fiscal” in this report refer to the twelve-month fiscal year, which as of and prior to September 30, 2016 ended on September 30, and beginning after December 31, 2016 ends on December 31 of each year. The selected financial data presented in the below table for the period prior to the Separation, including the summary combined statement of earnings (loss) data for the two-month period ended November 30, 2016 and the fiscal years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 are derived from the combined financial statements for the Network Power business of Emerson (or Vertiv Predecessor), Vertiv’s accounting predecessor, and is referred to in this prospectus, as the “Predecessor” period. The selected financial data presented in the below table for the period following the Separation, including the summary consolidated statement of earnings (loss) data for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, and the one-month period ended December 31, 2016 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, are each derived from Vertiv’s consolidated financial statements and is referred to in this prospectus as the “Successor” period. The data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, related notes, and other financial information included herein. Vertiv’s historical results for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of results Vertiv may expect or achieve in any future period and the results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full fiscal year.
In connection with the Business Combination, Vertiv was determined to be the accounting acquirer. Following the Business Combination, GSAH was renamed “Vertiv Holdings Co” and adopted Vertiv’s presentation of its historical consolidated financial data. Vertiv Holdings Co’s balance sheet data as of June 30, 2020 and statements of comprehensive income (loss) data for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 are derived from Vertiv Holdings Co’s unaudited financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
 
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The selected historical consolidated and combined financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified by reference to, “Vertiv Holdings Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Vertiv Holdings consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Successor
Predecessor
(in millions except per share
data)
Six months
ended
June 30,
2020
Six months
ended
June 30,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
Year ended
December 31,
2017
One month
ended
December 31,
2016
Two months
ended
November 30,
2016
Year ended
September 30,
2016
Year ended
September 30,
2015
Consolidated and Combined Statement of Earnings Data
Net sales
Net sales
$ 1,903.0 $ 2,188.9 $ 4,431.2 $ 4,285.6 $ 3,879.4 $ 301.7 $ 566.2 $ 3,943.5 $ 4,025.1
Costs and expenses
Cost of sales
1,269.6 1,474.6 2,978.2 2,865.2 2,566.8 240.3 369.3 2,532.6 2,669.1
Selling, General and administrative
expenses
491.2 549.7 1,100.8 1,223.8 1,086.0 162.3 164.3 980.8 1,009.7
Goodwill
impairment
57.0 154.0
Loss on extinguishment of
debt(1)
174.0
Other deductions,
net
83.8 67.0 146.1 178.8 254.4 42.5 14.7 125.9 208.0
Interest expense
(income)
99.1 156.4 310.4 288.8 379.3 27.8 0.3 (3.5) (3.8)
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income
taxes
(214.7) (58.8) (104.3) (271.0) (407.1) (171.2) 17.6 250.7 (11.9)
Income tax expense
(benefit)
28.0 34.5 36.5 49.9 (19.7) (4.3) 24.3 140.1 100.3
Earnings (loss) from continuing
operations
(242.7) (93.3) (140.8) (320.9) (387.4) (166.9) (6.7) 110.6 (112.2)
Earnings (loss) from
discontinued operations,
net of income taxes
6.9 17.8 (4.3) 7.2 47.1 50.4
Net earnings (loss)
$ (242.7) $ (93.3) $ (140.8) $ (314.0) $ (369.6) $ (171.2) $ 0.5 $ 157.7 $ (61.8)
Earnings (loss) per share (basic and diluted)
$ (0.85) $ (0.79) $ (1.19) $ (2.66) $ (3.13) $ (1.45) $ 0.00 $ 1.33 $ (0.52)
 
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Successor
Predecessor
(in millions)
Six months
ended
June 30,
2020
Six months
ended
June 30,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2019
Year ended
December 31,
2018
Year ended
December 31,
2017
One
month
ended
December 31,
2016
Two
months
ended
November 30,
2016
Year ended
September 30,
2016
Year ended
September 30,
2015
Consolidated and
Combined Cash Flow
Data:
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities
$ (121.7) $ (81.6) $ 57.5 $ (221.9) $ (49.6) $ 59.8 $ (37.2) $ 370.2 $ 340.5
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities
(19.4) (28.6) (65.3) (207.7) 1,058.1 (3,925.2) (10.5) (30.2) (46.4)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities
293.5 4.9 14.8 245.1 (874.1) 4,106.6 (136.8) (199.1) (292.9)
Purchase of property, plant and
equipment
(13.2) (23.0) (47.6) (64.6) (36.7) (4.7) (8.5) (34.0) (44.9)
Consolidated and
Combined Balance
Sheet Data (at end of
period):
Cash
$ 369.7 $ 110.1 $ 223.5 $ 215.1 $ 388.0 $ 249.6 $ 92.3 $ 272.0 $ 131.6
Working capital(2)
762.7 434.3 497.7 488.9 539.2 444.1 456.8 585.4 507.1
Total current assets
2,203.2 1,992.6 2,017.4 2,095.3 1,988.1 1,935.9 1,805.9 1,989.1 1,812.2
Property, plant and equipment,
net
407.1 430.1 428.2 441.7 462.8 444.5 299.7 308.1 331.1
Total assets
4,729.9 4,727.4 4,657.4 4,794.4 4,808.5 5,859.3 4,456.7 4,709.0 4,745.9
Total equity
350.9 (638.2) (704.8) (540.3) (129.6) 1,120.0 2,858.1 3,068.3 3,162.4
Total debt
2,409.0 3,445.8 3,467.3 3,427.8 3,159.6 2,916.1
(1)
The loss on extinguishment of debt for the six-month period ended June 30, 2020 represents costs incurred in the refinancing and pay down of the Company’s long-term debt. The loss includes $99.0 million write-off of deferred financing fees and $75.0 million early redemption premium on high interest notes, for a total refinancing cost of $174.0 million.
(2)
Vertiv defines working capital as current assets less current liabilities.
 
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RISK FACTORS
An investment in our securities involves risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the following risks as well as the other information included in this prospectus, including “Cautionary Statement About Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Vertiv Holdings’ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus, before investing in our securities. We operate in a changing environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our operations. Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. However, the selected risks described below are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or those we currently view to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. In such a case, the trading price of our securities could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment in us. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this subsection to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Vertiv Holdings Co and its consolidated subsidiaries following the Business Combination, other than certain historical information which refers to the business of Vertiv prior to the consummation of the Business Combination.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our business, results of operations, financial position, cash flows and liquidity have been and could continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic or other similar outbreaks.
The ongoing global COVID-19 global pandemic and efforts to reduce its spread have led to a significant decline of economic activity and significant disruption and volatility in global markets. To date, the COVID-19 outbreak and response by governments and other third parties to contain or mitigate the outbreak have caused, and are continuing to cause, business slowdowns or shutdowns in affected areas and significant disruption in global financial markets. For example, many state, local, and foreign governments have put in place quarantines, executive orders, shelter-in-place orders, and similar government orders and restrictions in order to control the spread of the disease. Such orders or restrictions, or the perception that such orders or restrictions could occur, have resulted in business closures, work stoppages, slowdowns and delays, work-from-home policies, travel restrictions, and cancellation or postponement of events, among other effects that could negatively impact productivity and disrupt our operations and those of our customers.
Although we are unable to predict the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 outbreak at this time, the pandemic has adversely affected, and could continue to adversely affect, our business, results of operations, financial position, cash flows and liquidity. Such effects may be material and may include, but are not limited to:

disruptions in our supply chain due to transportation delays, travel restrictions and closures of businesses or facilities;

reductions in our operating effectiveness due to workforce disruptions, the need for social distancing, and the unavailability of key personnel necessary to conduct our business activities; and

volatility in the global financial markets, which could have a negative impact on our ability to access capital and additional sources of financing in the future.
In addition, we cannot predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on our customers, subcontractors, suppliers, distributors, and employees and any adverse impacts on these parties may have a material adverse impact on our business. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may also have the effect of exacerbating many of the other risks described in this prospectus.
Economic weakness and uncertainty could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Worldwide economic conditions impact demand for our offerings, and economic weakness and uncertainty in global, regional or local areas may result in decreased orders, revenue, gross margin and
 
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earnings. For example, our business has been impacted from time to time in the past by macroeconomic weakness in the United States and various regions outside of the United States. Any such economic weakness and uncertainty may result in:

capital spending constraints for customers and, as a result, reduced demand for our offerings;

increased price competition for our offerings;

excess and obsolete inventories;

supply constraints if the number of suppliers decreases due to financial hardship;

restricted access to capital markets and financing, resulting in delayed or missed payments to us and additional bad debt expense;

excess facilities and manufacturing capacity;

higher overhead costs as a percentage of revenue and higher interest expense;

loss of orders, including as a result of corruption, the risk of which is increased by a weak economic climate;

significant declines in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, impacting our revenues and results of operations;

financial difficulty for our customers; and

increased difficulty in forecasting business activity for us, customers, the sales channel and vendors.
We rely on the continued growth of our customers’ networks, in particular data center and communication networks, and any decreases in demand in these networks could lead to a decrease in our offerings.
A substantial portion of our business depends on the continued growth of our customers’ data centers and communication networks. If these networks do not continue to grow, whether as a result of changes in the economy, capital spending, building capacity in excess of demand, delays in receiving required permits and approvals, or otherwise overall demand could decrease for our offerings, which would have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If we fail to anticipate technology shifts, market needs and opportunities, and fail to develop appropriate products, product enhancements and services in a timely manner to meet those changes, we may not be able to compete effectively against our global competitors and, as a result, our ability to generate revenues will suffer.
We believe that our future success will depend in part upon our ability to anticipate technology shifts and to enhance and develop new products and services that meet or anticipate such technology changes. Any such developments will require continued investment in engineering, capital equipment, marketing, customer service and technical support. For example, we will need to anticipate potential market shifts to alternative power architectures, cooling technologies and energy storage that could diminish the demand for our existing offerings or affect our margins.
Also, our primary global competitors are sophisticated companies with significant resources that may develop superior products and services or may adapt more quickly to new technologies and technology shifts, industry changes or evolving customer requirements. If we fail to anticipate technology changes, shifting market needs or keep pace with our competitors’ products, or if we fail to develop and introduce new products or enhancements in a timely manner, we may lose customers and experience decreased or delayed market acceptance and sales of present and future products and our ability to generate revenues will suffer.
The long sales cycles for certain of our products and solutions offerings, as well as unpredictable placing or canceling of customer orders, particularly large orders, may cause our revenues and operating results to vary significantly from quarter-to-quarter, which could make our future operational results less predictable.
A customer’s decision to purchase certain of our products or solutions, particularly products new to the market or long-term end-to-end solutions, may involve a lengthy contracting, design and qualification process. In particular, customers deciding on the design and implementation of large deployments may have
 
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lengthy and unpredictable procurement processes that may delay or impact expected future orders. As a result, the order booking and sales recognition process may be uncertain and unpredictable, with some customers placing large orders with short lead times on little advance notice and others requiring lengthy, open-ended processes that may change depending on global or regional economic weakness. This may cause our revenues and operating results to vary unexpectedly from quarter-to-quarter, making our future operational results less predictable.
Any disruption or any consolidation of our customers’ markets could result in declines in the sales volume and prices of our products.
The disruption of our customers’ markets could occur due to a number of factors, including government policy changes, industry consolidations or the shifting of market size and power among customers. Such consolidations or other disruptions may result in certain parties gaining additional purchasing leverage and, consequently, increasing the product pricing pressures facing our business. Such changes could impact spending as customers evolve their strategies or integrate acquired operations. For example, if fewer customers exist due to consolidation, the loss of a major customer could have a material impact on results not anticipated in a customer marketplace composed of more numerous participants. Any reduction in customer spending on technological development as a result of these and other factors could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. See also “— Future legislation and regulation, both in the United States and abroad, governing the Internet services, other related communications services and information technologies could disrupt our customers’ markets resulting in declines in sales volume and prices of our products and otherwise have an adverse effect on our business operations.”
Large companies, such as communication network and cloud/hyperscale and colocation data center providers, often require more favorable terms and conditions in our contracts with such companies that could result in downward pricing pressures on our business.
Large companies, such as communication network and cloud/hyperscale and colocation data center providers, comprise a portion of our customer base and generally have greater purchasing power than smaller entities. Accordingly, these customers often require more favorable terms and conditions in contracts from suppliers including us. Consolidation among such large customers can further increase their buying power and ability to require onerous terms. See “— Any Disruption or Any Consolidation of Our Customers’ Markets Could Result in Declines in the Sales Volume and Prices of Our Products.” In addition, these customers may impose substantial penalties for any product or service failures caused by us. As we seek to sell more products to such customers, we may be required to agree to such terms and conditions more frequently, which may include terms that affect the timing of our cash flows and ability to recognize revenue, and could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We derive a portion of our revenue from contracts with governmental customers. Such customers and their respective agencies are subject to increased pressures to reduce expenses. Contracts with governmental customers may also contain additional or more onerous terms and conditions that are not common among commercial customers. In addition, as a result of our contracts with governmental customers, we are at risk of being subject to audits, investigations, sanctions and penalties by such governments, which could result in various civil and criminal penalties, administrative sanctions, and fines and suspensions.
We derive a portion of our revenue from contracts with governmental customers, including the U.S., state and local governments. There is increased pressure on such governmental customers and their respective agencies to reduce spending and some of our contracts at the state and local levels are subject to government funding authorizations. These factors combine to potentially limit the revenue we derive from government contracts.
Additionally, government contracts are generally subject to audits and investigations which could result in various civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, refund of a portion of fees received, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines and suspensions or debarment from future government business. Such contracts are also subject to various laws and regulations that apply to doing business with governments. The laws relating to government contracts differ from
 
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other commercial contracting laws and our government contracts may contain pricing and other terms and conditions that are less favorable to the Company than those in commercial contracts.
We have, and we intend to continue pursuing, long-term, fixed-price contracts (including long-term, turnkey projects). Our failure to mitigate certain risks associated with our long-term, fixed-price contracts (including long-term, turnkey projects) may result in excess costs and penalties.
We have, and we intend to continue pursuing, long-term, fixed-price contracts (including long-term, turnkey projects). These contracts and projects have a duration greater than twelve months. Such contracts and projects involve substantial risks, which may result in excess costs and penalties, and include but are not limited to:

unanticipated technical problems with equipment, requiring us to incur added expenses to remedy such problems;

changes in costs or shortages of components, materials, labor or construction equipment;

difficulties in obtaining required governmental permits or approvals;

project modifications and changes to the scope of work resulting in unanticipated costs;

delays caused by local weather or other conditions beyond our control;

changes in regulations, permits or government policy;

the failure of suppliers, subcontractors or consortium partners to perform; and

penalties, if we cannot complete all or portions of the project within contracted time
limits and performance levels.
Our failure to mitigate these risks may result in excess costs and penalties and may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
System security risks could disrupt our operations, and any such disruption could reduce our revenue, increase our expenses, damage our reputation and adversely impact our performance.
We rely on our information systems and the information systems of a variety of third parties for processing customer orders, shipping products, billing our customers, tracking inventory, supporting finance and accounting functions, financial statement preparation, payroll services, benefit administration and other general aspects of our business. Our information systems or those of our third-party providers may be vulnerable to attack or breach. Any such attack or breach could compromise such information systems, resulting in fraud, ransom attack or theft of proprietary or sensitive information which could be accessed, publicly disclosed, misused, stolen or lost. This could impede our sales, manufacturing, distribution or other critical functions and the financial costs we could incur to eliminate or alleviate these security risks could be significant and may be difficult to anticipate or measure. Moreover, such a breach could cause reputational and financial harm and subject us to liability to our customers, suppliers, business partners or any affected individual.
In addition, the products we produce or elements of such products that we procure from third parties may contain defects or weaknesses in design, architecture or manufacture, which could lead to system security vulnerabilities in our products and compromise the network security of our customers. If an actual or perceived breach of network security occurs, regardless of whether the breach is attributable to our products or services, the market perception of the effectiveness of our products or services could be harmed.
Implementations of new information systems and enhancements to our current systems may be costly and disruptive to our operations.
We recently commenced the implementation of new information systems, including enhancement to our enterprise resource plan, human capital management, and product lifecycle management systems. The implementation of new information systems and enhancements to current systems may be costly and disruptive to our operations. Any problems, disruptions, delays or other issues in the design and
 
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implementation of these systems or enhancements could adversely impact our ability to process customer orders, ship products, provide service and support to our customers, bill and collect in a timely manner from our customers, fulfill contractual obligations, accurately record and transfer information, recognize revenue, file securities, governance and compliance reports in a timely manner or otherwise run our business. If we are unable to successfully design and implement these new systems, enhancements and processes as planned, or if the implementation of these systems and processes is more lengthy or costly than anticipated, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be negatively impacted.
Failure to properly manage our supply chain and inventory could result in higher costs of production and delays in fulfilling customer orders, excess or obsolete materials or components, labor disruptions or shortages and delays in production.
Our operations, particularly our manufacturing and service operations, depend on our ability to accurately anticipate both our needs, including raw materials, components, products and services, from third-party suppliers, and such suppliers’ ability to timely deliver the quantities and quality required at reasonable prices. We have a large number of providers to support our global operations and breadth of offerings. In addition, certain of our suppliers are also competitors with us in one or more parts of our business and those suppliers may decide to discontinue business with us. Other supply chain risks that we could face include, but are not limited to, the following:

Volatility in the supply or price of raw materials.   Our products rely on a variety of raw materials and components, including steel, copper and aluminum and electronic components. We may experience a shortage of, or a delay in receiving, such materials or components as a result of strong demand, supplier capacity constraints or other operational disruptions, restrictions on use of materials or components subject to our governance and compliance requirements, disputes with suppliers or problems in transitioning to new suppliers. Moreover, prices for some of these materials and components have historically been volatile and unpredictable, and such volatility is expected to continue. Ongoing supply issues may require us to reengineer some offerings, which could result in further costs and delays. If we are unable to secure necessary supplies at reasonable prices or acceptable quality, we may be unable to manufacture products, fulfill service orders or otherwise operate our business. We may also be unable to offset unexpected increases in material and component costs with our own price increases without suffering reduced volumes, revenues or operating income.

Contractual terms.   As a result of long-term price or purchase commitments in contracts with our suppliers, we may be obligated to purchase materials, components or services at prices higher than those available in the current market, which may put us at a disadvantage to competitors who have access to components or services at lower prices, impact our gross margin, and, if these issues impact demand, may result in additional charges for inventory obsolescence. In addition, to secure the supply of certain materials and components on favorable terms, we may make strategic purchases of materials and components in advance or enter into non-cancelable commitments. If we fail to anticipate demand properly, we may have an oversupply which could result in excess or obsolete materials or components.

Contingent workers.   In some locations, we rely on third-party suppliers for the provision of contingent workers, and our failure to manage such workers effectively could adversely impact our results of operations. We may in the future be exposed to various legal claims relating to the status of contingent workers. We may also be subject to labor shortages, oversupply, or fixed contractual terms relating to the contingent workforce, and our ability to manage the size of, and costs for, such contingent workforce may be further constrained by local laws or future changes to such laws. In addition, our customers may impose obligations on us with regard to our workforce and working conditions.

Single-source suppliers.   We obtain certain materials or components from single-source suppliers due to technology, availability, price, quality or other considerations. Replacing a single-source supplier could delay production of some products because replacement suppliers, if available, may be subject to capacity constraints or other output limitations.
Any of these risks could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
 
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In addition, our operations depend upon disciplined inventory management, as we balance the need to maintain strategic inventory levels to ensure competitive lead times against the risk of inventory obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and customer requirements. Excess or obsolete inventory, including that procured pursuant to an inaccurate customer forecast, would result in a write-off of such inventory, causing an increase in costs of goods sold and a decline in our gross margins.
The areas in which we provide our offerings are highly competitive, and we experience competitive pressures from numerous and varied competitors.
We encounter competition from numerous and varied competitors in all areas of our business on a global and regional basis, and our competitors have targeted, and are expected to continue targeting, our primary areas of operation. We compete with such competitors primarily on the basis of reliability, quality, price, service and customer relationships. A significant element of our competitive strategy is focused on delivering high-quality products and solutions at the best relative global cost. If our products, services, and cost structure do not enable us to compete successfully based on any of those criteria, we may experience a decline in product sales and a corresponding loss of customers due to their selection of a competitor.
Our competitors, any of which could introduce new technologies or business models that disrupt significant portions of our markets and cause our customers to move a material portion of their business away from us to such competitors, include:

Large-scale, global competitors with broad, sometimes larger, product portfolios and service offerings. These competitors may have greater financial, technical and marketing resources available to them compared to the resources allocated to our products and services that compete against their products and services. Competitors within this category include Schneider Electric, S.E. and Eaton Corporation Plc, each of which have a large, global presence and compete directly in the markets in which we operate. Industry consolidation may also impact the competitive landscape by creating larger, more homogeneous and potentially stronger competitors in the markets in which we operate.

Offering-specific competitors with products and services that compete globally but with a limited set of product offerings. These competitors may be able to focus more closely on a segment of the market and be able to apply targeted financial, technical and marketing resources in ways that we cannot, potentially leading to stronger brand recognition and more competitive pricing.

Regional or country-level competitors that compete with us in a limited geographic area.
We may not realize the expected benefits from any rationalization and improvement efforts that we have taken or may take in the future.
We are continuously evaluating, considering and implementing possible rationalization and realignment initiatives to reduce our overall cost base and improve efficiency. There can be no assurance that we will fully realize the benefits of such efforts that we have taken or will take in the future within the expected time frame, or at all, and we may incur additional and/or unexpected costs to realize them. Further, we may not be able to sustain any achieved benefits in the future. In addition, these actions and potential future efforts could yield other unintended consequences, such as distraction of management and employees, business disruption, reduced employee morale and productivity, and unexpected employee attrition, including the inability to attract or retain key personnel. If we fail to achieve the expected benefits of any rationalization or realignment initiatives and improvement efforts, or if other unforeseen events occur in connection with such efforts, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be negatively impacted.
Disruption of, or consolidation or changes in, the markets or operating models of our independent sales representatives, distributors and original equipment manufacturers could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We rely, in part, on independent sales representatives, distributors and original equipment manufacturers for the distribution of our products and services, some of whom operate on an exclusive basis. If these third parties’ financial condition or operations weaken, including as a result of a shift away from the go-to-market operating model they currently follow, and they are unable to successfully market and sell our products, our revenue and gross margins could be adversely affected. In addition, if there are disruptions or consolidation
 
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in their markets, such parties may be able to improve their negotiating position and renegotiate historical terms and agreements for the distribution of our products or terminate relationships with us in favor of our competitors. Changes in the negotiating position of such third parties in future periods could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
If we are unable to obtain performance and other guarantees from financial institutions, we may be prevented from bidding on, or obtaining, certain contracts, or our costs with respect to such contracts could be higher.
In accordance with industry practice for large data center construction opportunities, we are required to provide guarantees, including bid-bonds, advance payment and performance guarantees for our performance and project completion dates. Some customers require these guarantees to be issued by a financial institution, and historic global financial conditions have in the past, and may in the future, make it more difficult and expensive to obtain these guarantees. If, in the future, we cannot obtain such guarantees on commercially reasonable terms or at all, we could be prevented from bidding on, or obtaining, such large construction contracts, or our costs for such contracts could be higher and, in either case, could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may not realize all of the sales expected from our backlog of orders and contracts.
Our backlog consists of the value of product and service orders for which we have received a customer purchase order or purchase commitment and which have not yet been delivered. As of June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, Vertiv’s estimated combined order backlog was approximately $1,752.4 million and $1,428.9 million, respectively. The vast majority of our combined backlog is considered firm and expected to be delivered within one year. Our customers have the right in some circumstances, usually with penalties or termination consequences, to reduce or defer firm orders in backlog. If customers terminate, reduce or defer firm orders, whether due to fluctuations in their business needs or purchasing budgets or other reasons, our sales will be adversely affected and we may not realize the revenue we expect to generate from our backlog or, if realized, may not result in profitable revenue. More generally, we do not believe that our backlog estimates as of any date are indicative of revenues for any future period.
Our global operations and entity structure result in a complex tax structure where we are subject to income and other taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Unanticipated changes in our tax provisions, variability of our quarterly and annual effective tax rate, the adoption of new tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities could impact our financial performance.
Our global operations and entity structure result in a complex tax structure where we are subject to income and other taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Variability in the mix and profitability of domestic and international activities, identification and resolution of various tax uncertainties, changes in tax laws and rates or other regulatory actions regarding taxes, and the extent to which we are able to realize net operating loss and other carryforwards included in deferred tax assets and avoid potential adverse outcomes included in deferred tax liabilities, among other matters, may significantly impact our effective income tax rate in the future. Our effective tax rate in any given financial reporting period may be materially impacted by mix and level of earnings or losses by jurisdiction as well as the discrete recognition of taxable events and exposures.
Future legislation and regulation, both in the United States and abroad, governing the Internet services, other related communications services and information technologies could disrupt our customers’ markets resulting in declines in sales volume and prices of our products and otherwise have an adverse effect on our business operations.
Various laws and governmental regulations, both in the United States and abroad, governing Internet related services, related communications services and information technologies remain largely unsettled, even in areas where there has been some legislative action. For example, in the United States regulations governing aspects of fixed broadband networks and wireless networks may change as a result of proposals regarding net neutrality and government regulation of the Internet, which could impact our communication networks customers. There may also be forthcoming regulation in the United States in the areas of cybersecurity, data privacy and data security, any of which could impact us and our customers. Similarly,
 
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data privacy regulations outside of the United States continue to evolve. Future legislation could impose additional costs on our business, disrupt our customers’ markets or require us to make changes in our operations which could adversely affect our operations.
Any failure of our offerings could subject us to substantial liability, including product liability claims, which could damage our reputation or the reputation of one or more of our brands.
The offerings that we provide are complex, and our regular testing and quality control efforts may not be effective in controlling or detecting all quality issues or errors, particularly with respect to faulty components manufactured by third parties. Defects could expose us to product warranty claims, including substantial expense for the recall and repair or replacement of a product or component, and product liability claims, including liability for personal injury or property damage. We are not generally able to limit or exclude liability for personal injury or property damage to third parties under the laws of most jurisdictions in which we do business and, in the event of such incident, we could spend significant time, resources and money to resolve any such claim. We may be required to pay for losses or injuries purportedly caused by the design, manufacture, installation or operation of our products or by solutions performed by us or third parties.
An inability to cure a product defect could result in the failure of a product line, temporary or permanent withdrawal from a product or market, delays in customer payments or refusals by our customers to make such payments, increased inventory costs, product reengineering expenses and our customers’ inability to operate their enterprises. Such defects could also negatively impact customer satisfaction and sentiment, generate adverse publicity, reduce future sales opportunities and damage our reputation or the reputation of one or more of our brands. Any of these outcomes could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
In order to successfully operate as an independent public company and implement our business plans, we must identify, attract, develop, train, motivate and retain key employees, and failure to do so could seriously harm us.
In order to successfully operate as an independent public company and implement our business plans, we must identify, attract, develop, motivate, train and retain key employees, including qualified executives, management, engineering, sales, marketing, IT support and service personnel. The market for such individuals may be highly competitive. Attracting and retaining key employees in a competitive marketplace requires us to provide a competitive compensation package, which often includes cash- and equity-based compensation. If our total compensation package is not viewed as competitive, our ability to attract, motivate and retain key employees could be weakened and failure to successfully hire or retain key employees and executives could adversely impact us.
We may elect not to purchase insurance for certain business risks and expenses and, for the insurance coverage we have in place, such coverage may not address all of our potential exposures or, in the case of substantial losses, may be inadequate.
We may elect not to purchase insurance for certain business risks and expenses, such as claimed intellectual property infringement, where we believe we can adequately address the anticipated exposure or where insurance coverage is either not available at all or not available on a cost-effective basis. In addition, product liability and product recall insurance coverage is expensive and may not be available on acceptable terms, in sufficient amounts, or at all. We may be named as a defendant in product liability or other lawsuits asserting potentially large claims if an accident occurs at a location where our products, solutions or services have been or are being used. For those policies that we do have, insurance coverage may be inadequate in the case of substantial losses, or our insurers may refuse to cover us on specific claims. Losses not covered by insurance could be substantial and unpredictable and could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. If we are unable to maintain our portfolio of insurance coverage, whether at an acceptable cost or at all, or if there is an increase in the frequency or damage amounts claimed against us, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be negatively impacted.
Any failure by us to identify, manage, integrate and complete acquisitions, divestitures and other significant transactions successfully could harm our financial results, business and prospects.
As part of our business strategy, we have in the past and may, from time to time, in the future acquire businesses or interests in businesses, including non-controlling interests, or form joint ventures or create
 
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strategic alliances. Whether we realize the anticipated benefits from such activities depends, in part, upon the successful integration between the businesses involved, the performance and development of the underlying products, capabilities or technologies, our correct assessment of assumed liabilities and the management of the operations. Accordingly, our financial results could be adversely affected by unanticipated performance and liability issues, our failure to achieve synergies and other benefits we expected to obtain, transaction-related charges, amortization related to intangibles, and charges for impairment of long-term assets. These transactions may not be successful.
Our results of operations may be adversely affected if we fail to realize the full value of our goodwill and intangible assets.
As of June 30, 2020, we had total goodwill and net intangible assets of $1,941.1 million which constituted approximately 41 percent of our total assets. We assess our net intangible assets and goodwill for impairment annually, and we conduct an interim evaluation whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as operating losses or a significant decline in earnings associated with the acquired business or asset, indicate that these assets may be impaired. Our ability to realize the value of goodwill and net intangible assets will depend on the future cash flows of the businesses to which the goodwill relates. If we are not able to realize the value of the goodwill and net intangible assets, this could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition, and also result in an impairment of those assets.
The global scope of our operations could impair our ability to react quickly to changing business and market conditions and enforce compliance with company-wide standards and procedures.
As of June 30, 2020, we employed over 20,000 people globally and had manufacturing facilities in the Americas, Asia Pacific and EMEA. We generate substantial revenue outside of the United States and expect that foreign revenue will continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues. In order to manage our day-to-day operations, we must overcome cultural and language barriers and assimilate different business practices. In addition, we are required to create compensation programs, employment policies and other administrative programs that comply with the laws of multiple countries. We also must communicate and monitor company-wide standards and directives across our global network. Our failure to successfully manage our geographically diverse operations could impair our ability to react quickly to changing business and market conditions and to enforce compliance with company-wide standards and procedures.
Our sales and operations in emerging markets exposes us to economic and political risks.
We generate a significant portion of our revenue from sales in emerging markets. Serving a global customer base requires that we place more materials, production and service assets in emerging markets to capitalize on market opportunities and maintain our cost position. Newer geographic markets may be relatively less profitable due to our investments associated with entering such markets and local pricing pressures, and we may have difficulty establishing and maintaining the operating infrastructure necessary to support the high growth rates associated with some of those markets. Operations in emerging markets can also present risks that are not encountered in countries with well-established economic and political systems, including:

changes or ongoing instability in a country’s or region’s economic or political conditions, including inflation, recession, interest rate fluctuations and actual or anticipated military or political conflicts, which could make it difficult for us to anticipate future business conditions, cause delays in the placement of orders, complicate our dealings with governments regarding permits and other regulatory matters and make our customers less willing to make cross-border investments;

unpredictable or more frequent foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations;

inadequate infrastructure, including lack of adequate power and water supplies, transportation, raw materials and parts;

foreign state takeovers of our facilities, trade protectionism, state-initiated industry consolidation or other similar government actions or control;
 
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changes in and compliance with international, national or local regulatory and legal environments, including laws and policies affecting trade, economic sanctions, foreign investment, labor relations, foreign anti-bribery and anti-corruption;

the difficulty of enforcing agreements and collecting receivables through certain foreign legal systems;

longer collection cycles and financial instability among customers;

trade regulations, boycotts and embargoes, including policies adopted by countries that may favor domestic companies and technologies over foreign competitors, which could impair our ability to obtain materials necessary to fulfill contracts, pursue business or establish operations in such countries;

difficulty of obtaining adequate financing and/or insurance coverage;

fluctuations in freight costs, limitations on shipping and receiving capacity, and other disruptions in the transportation and shipping infrastructure;

political or social instability that may hinder our ability to send personnel abroad or cause us to move our operations to facilities in countries with higher costs and less efficiencies;

difficulties associated with repatriating earnings generated or held abroad in a tax-efficient manner, changes in tax laws, or tax inefficiencies; and

exposure to wage, price and capital controls, local labor conditions and regulations, including local labor disruptions and rising labor costs which we may be unable to recover in our pricing to customers.
Consequently, our exposure to the conditions in or affecting emerging markets may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and our hedging activities may not protect us against the consequences of such fluctuations on our earnings and cash flows.
As a result of our global operations, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates, most notably the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the primary foreign currencies, which could adversely impact our revenue growth in future periods. For example, if the U.S. dollar strengthens against other currencies such as the euro, our revenues reported in U.S. dollars would decline. In addition, for U.S. dollar-denominated sales, an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar would increase the real cost to customers of our products in markets outside the United States, which could result in price concessions in certain markets, impact our competitive position or have an adverse effect on demand for our products and consequently on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Legal compliance issues, particularly those related to our imports/exports and foreign operations, could adversely impact our business.
We are subject to various anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, as amended, that prohibit payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We operate in several less-developed countries and regions that are generally recognized as having a greater risk of potentially corrupt business environments. Our legal compliance and ethics programs, including a code of business conduct, policies on anti-bribery, export controls, environmental and other legal compliance, and periodic training to relevant associates on these matters, are designed to reduce the likelihood of a legal compliance violation. Nevertheless, such a violation could still occur, disrupting our business through fines, penalties, diversion of internal resources, negative publicity and possibly severe criminal or civil sanctions.
We are also subject to applicable import laws, export controls and economic sanctions laws and regulations. Changes in import and export control or trade sanctions laws may restrict our business practices, including cessation of business activities in sanctioned countries or with sanctioned entities, and may result in claims for breach of existing contracts and modifications to existing compliance programs and training schedules. Violations of the applicable export or import control, or economic sanctions laws and
 
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regulations, such as an export to an embargoed country, or to a denied party, or the export of a product without the appropriate governmental license, may result in penalties, including fines, debarments from export privileges, and loss of authorizations needed to conduct aspects of our international business, and may harm our ability to enter into contracts with our customers who have contracts with the U.S. government. A violation of the laws and regulations enumerated above could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to risks related to legal claims and proceedings filed by or against us, and adverse outcomes in these matters may materially harm our business.
We are subject to various claims, disputes, investigations, demands, arbitration, litigation, or other legal proceedings. Legal claims and proceedings may relate to labor and employment, commercial arrangements, intellectual property, disputes with customers, environmental, health and safety, property damage, theft, personal injury and various other matters. Legal matters are inherently uncertain and we cannot predict the duration, scope, outcome or consequences. In addition, legal matters are expensive and time-consuming to defend, settle, and/or resolve, and may require us to implement certain remedial measures that could prove costly or disruptive to our business and operations. The unfavorable resolution of one or more of these matters could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We have identified two material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting which, if not remediated, could result in material misstatements in our financial statements.
During the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, we identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting that pertain to (1) the ineffective design and implementation of effective controls with respect to the implementation of our ERP system consistent with our financial reporting requirements and (2) the design and maintenance of information technology general controls for information systems that are relevant to the preparation of financial statements. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
We have developed and are implementing a plan to remediate these material weaknesses. However, we cannot assure you that this will occur within a specific timeframe. These material weaknesses will not be remediated until all necessary internal controls have been implemented, tested and determined to be operating effectively. In addition, we may need to take additional measures to address the material weaknesses or modify the planned remediation steps, and we cannot be certain that the measures we have taken, and expect to take, to improve our internal controls will be sufficient to address the issues identified, to ensure that our internal controls are effective or to ensure that the identified material weaknesses will not result in a material misstatement of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Moreover, we cannot assure you that we will not identify additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future.
If we are unable to remediate the material weaknesses, our ability to record, process and report financial information accurately, and to prepare financial statements within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, could be adversely affected. This failure could negatively affect the market price and trading liquidity of our Class A common stock, warrants and units, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, subject us to civil and criminal investigations and penalties and generally materially and adversely impact our business and financial condition.
Our financial performance may suffer if we cannot continue to develop, commercialize or enforce the intellectual property rights on which our businesses depend, some of which are not patented or patentable, or if we are unable to gain and maintain access to relevant intellectual property rights of third parties through license and other agreements.
Our business relies on a substantial portfolio of intellectual property rights, including trademarks, trade secrets, patents, copyrights and other such rights globally. Intellectual property laws and the protection and enforcement of our intellectual property vary by jurisdiction and we may be unable to protect or
 
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enforce our proprietary rights adequately in all cases or such protection and enforcement may be unpredictable and costly, which could adversely impact our growth opportunities, financial performance and competitive position. In addition, our intellectual property rights could be challenged, invalidated, infringed or circumvented, or insufficient to take advantage of current market trends or to provide competitive advantage. For our patent filings, because of the existence of a large number of patents in our fields, the secrecy of some pending patent applications, and the rapid rate of issuance of new patents within our applicable fields, it is not economically practical or even possible to determine conclusively in advance whether a product or any of its components infringes the patent rights of others.
We also rely on maintenance of proprietary information (such as trade secrets, know-how and other confidential information) to protect certain intellectual property. Trade secrets and/or confidential know-how can be difficult to maintain as confidential and we may not obtain confidentiality agreements in all circumstances, or individuals may unintentionally or willfully disclose our confidential information improperly. In addition, confidentiality agreements may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of an unauthorized disclosure of our trade secrets or other confidential information, and the enforceability of such confidentiality agreements may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Furthermore, laws regarding trade secret rights in certain markets where we operate may afford little or no protection to our trade secrets. Failure to obtain or maintain trade secrets, protection of know-how and other confidential information could adversely impact our business.
In addition, we rely on licensing certain intellectual property rights from third parties. For example, many of our software offerings are developed using software components or other intellectual property licensed from third parties, including proprietary and open source licenses. This practice requires that we monitor and manage our use of third-party and open source software components to comply with the applicable license terms and avoid any inadvertent licensing or public disclosure of our intellectual property pursuant to such license terms, and our ability to comply with such license terms may be affected by factors that we can only partially influence or control. The continuation of good licensing relationships with our third-party licensors is important to our business. It is possible that merger or acquisition activity or the granting of exclusive licenses may result in reduced availability and/or a change to the license terms that were previously in place. If any of our third-party licensors are acquired by our competitors, there is a risk that the applicable licensed intellectual property may no longer be available to us or available only on less favorable terms. Loss of our license rights and an inability to replace such software with other third-party intellectual property on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Third-party claims of intellectual property infringement, including patent infringement, are commonplace and successful third-party claims may limit or disrupt our ability to sell our offerings.
Third parties may claim that we, or customers using our products, are infringing their intellectual property rights. For example, patent assertion entities, or non-practicing entities, may purchase intellectual property assets for the purpose of asserting infringement claims and attempting to extract settlements from us. Regardless of the merit of these claims, they can be time-consuming, costly to defend, and may require that we develop or substitute non-infringing technologies, redesign affected products, divert management’s attention and resources away from our business, require us to enter into settlement or license agreements that may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, pay significant damage awards, including treble damages if we were found to be willfully infringing, or temporarily or permanently cease engaging in certain activities or offering certain products or services in some or all jurisdictions, and any of the foregoing could adversely impact our business.
Furthermore, because of the potential for unpredictable significant damage awards or injunctive relief, even arguably unmeritorious claims may be settled for significant amounts of money. In addition, in circumstances in which we are the beneficiary of an indemnification agreement for such infringement claims, the indemnifying party may be unable or unwilling to uphold its indemnification obligations to us. Our customer contracts and certain of our intellectual property license agreements often include obligations to indemnify our customers and licensees against certain claims of intellectual property infringement, and these obligations may be uncapped. If claims of intellectual property infringement are brought against such customers or licensees in respect of the intellectual property rights, products or services that we provide to
 
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them, we may be required to defend such customers or licensees and/or pay a portion of, or all, the costs these parties may incur related to such litigation or claims. In addition, our exposure to risks associated with the use of intellectual property may be increased as a result of acquisitions, as we have a lower level of visibility into the development process with respect to such acquired technology or the care taken to safeguard against infringement or similar risks with respect thereto.
We are subject to environmental, health and safety matters, laws and regulations, including regulations related to the composition and takeback of our products and related to our ownership, lease or operation of the facilities in which we operate, and, as a result, may face significant costs or liabilities associated with environmental, health and safety matters.
We are subject to a broad range of foreign and domestic environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and requirements, including those relating to the discharge of regulated materials into the environment, the generation and handling of hazardous substances and wastes, human health and safety, and the content, composition and takeback of our products. For example, the European Union (EU) Restriction on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive and similar laws and regulations of China and other jurisdictions limit the content of certain hazardous materials such as lead, mercury, and cadmium in the manufacture of electrical equipment, including our products. Additionally, the EU, China and other jurisdictions have adopted or proposed versions of the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive, which requires producers of electrical and electronic equipment to assume responsibility for collecting, treating, recycling and disposing of products when they have reached the end of their useful life, as well as Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances regulations, which regulate the handling and use of certain chemical substances that may be used in our products.
If we fail to comply with applicable environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, we may face administrative, civil or criminal fines or penalties, the suspension or revocation of necessary permits and requirements to install additional pollution controls. Furthermore, current and future environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and permit requirements could require us to make changes to our operations or incur significant costs relating to compliance. For example, as climate change issues become more prevalent, foreign, federal, state and local governments and our customers have been responding to these issues. The increased focus on environmental sustainability may result in new regulations and customer requirements, or changes in current regulations and customer requirements, which could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, we handle hazardous materials in the ordinary course of operations and there may be spills or releases of hazardous materials into the environment. We have significant manufacturing facilities in North and South America, in Asia-Pacific and in EMEA. At sites which we own, lease or operate, or have previously owned, leased or operated, or where we have disposed or arranged for the disposal of hazardous materials, we are currently liable for contamination, and could in the future be liable for additional contamination. We have been, and may in the future, be required to participate in the remediation or investigation of, or otherwise bear liability for, such contamination and be subject to claims from third parties whose property damage, natural resources damage or personal injury is caused by such contamination.
We have a limited history of operating as an independent company, and Vertiv’s historical financial results included elsewhere in this prospectus is not necessarily representative of what Vertiv’s actual financial position or results of operations would have been as an independent company and may not be a reliable indicator of our future results.
Vertiv’s historical consolidated and unaudited consolidated financial information included in this prospectus is not necessarily indicative of our future results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, nor does it reflect what Vertiv’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows would have been as an independent company during the periods presented. Following the Business Combination, our financial condition and future results of operations could be materially different from amounts reflected in Vertiv’s historical financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, so it may be difficult for investors to compare our future results to Vertiv’s historical results or to evaluate our relative performance or trends in our business.
 
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In particular, Vertiv’s historical consolidated financial information included in this prospectus is not necessarily indicative of our future results of operations, financial condition or cash flows primarily because of the following factors:

Prior to the Separation in the fiscal fourth quarter of 2016, Vertiv’s business was operated by Emerson as part of its broader corporate organization, rather than as an independent company. During such time, Emerson or one of its affiliates provided support for various corporate functions for Vertiv, such as I.T., shared services, medical insurance, procurement, logistics, marketing, human resources, legal, finance and internal audit.

Vertiv’s historical consolidated financial results reflect the direct, indirect and allocated costs for such services historically provided by Emerson prior to the Separation, and these costs may significantly differ from the comparable expenses Vertiv would have incurred as an independent company;

Prior to the Separation, Vertiv’s working capital requirements and capital expenditures historically were satisfied as part of Emerson’s corporate-wide cash management and centralized funding programs, and Vertiv’s cost of debt and other capital may significantly differ from that which is reflected in Vertiv’s historical combined financial statements for the periods prior to the Separation;

Vertiv’s historical combined financial information for the periods prior to the Separation may not fully reflect the costs associated with the Separation, including the costs related to being an independent company;

Vertiv’s historical combined financial information for the periods prior to the Separation does not reflect Vertiv’s obligations under the various transitional and other agreements that Vertiv entered into with Emerson in connection with the Separation; and these historical combined financial results reflect the direct, indirect and allocated costs for such services historically provided by Emerson, and these costs may significantly differ from the comparable expenses Vertiv would have incurred as an independent company; and

Vertiv’s business was integrated with that of Emerson and, prior to the Separation, Vertiv benefitted from Emerson’s size and scale in costs, employees and vendor and customer relationships. Thus, costs we will incur as an independent company may significantly exceed comparable costs Vertiv would have incurred as part of Emerson and some of our customer relationships may be weakened or lost.
Please refer to “Vertiv Holding’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our historical consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
We have recorded net losses in the past and may experience net losses in the future.
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, Vertiv recorded consolidated net losses of $140.8 million, $314.0 million and $369.6 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and the six months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded consolidated net losses of $242.7 and $93.3 million, respectively. Our future results of operations are uncertain and we may continue to record net losses in future periods.
Our substantial level of indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from making payments on the Senior Secured Credit Facilities and our other debt obligations (if any).
We have a substantial amount of debt, including existing outstanding indebtedness under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities. As of June 30, 2020, we had approximately $2.5 billion of senior secured indebtedness outstanding and $164.9 million of undrawn commitments (which undrawn commitments are available subject to customary borrowing base and other conditions) under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, which, if drawn would be secured.
Our substantial level of indebtedness could have important consequences, including making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations; increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions; limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for future working capital, capital expenditures, raw materials, strategic acquisitions and other general corporate requirements; exposing us to interest rate
 
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fluctuations because the interest on the debt under the Term Loan Facility and the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility is imposed, and debt under any future debt agreements may be imposed, at variable rates; requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt (including scheduled repayments on the outstanding term loan borrowings under the Term Loan Facility or any future debt agreements with similar requirements), thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow for operations and other purposes; making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations to our lenders, resulting in possible defaults on and acceleration of such indebtedness; limiting our ability to refinance indebtedness or increase the associated costs; requiring us to sell assets to reduce debt or influence our decision about whether to do so; limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate or prevent us from carrying out capital spending that is necessary or important to our growth strategy and efforts to improve operating margins of our business; and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to any competitors that have less debt or comparable debt at more favorable interest rates and that, as a result, may be better positioned to withstand economic downturns.
The phase-out of LIBOR could affect interest rates for our variable rate debt and interest rate swap agreements.
LIBOR is used as a reference rate for our variable rate debt under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities and for our interest rate swap agreements. On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. It is unclear if LIBOR will cease to exist at that time, if a new method of calculating LIBOR will be established, or if an alternative reference rate will be established. The Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York organized the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, which identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as its preferred alternative to U.S. dollar LIBOR in derivatives and other financial contracts. We are not able to predict when LIBOR will cease to be available or if SOFR, or another alternative reference rate, attains market traction as a LIBOR replacement. Although the Senior Secured Credit Facilities provide a mechanism for determining a benchmark replacement index, such replacement may not be as favorable as LIBOR and the interest rates on our variable rate debt under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities may change. The new rates may be higher than those in effect prior to any LIBOR phase-out and the transition process may result in delays in funding, higher interest expense, additional expenses, and increased volatility in markets for instruments that currently rely on LIBOR, all of which could negatively impact our cash flow.
We also have interest rate swap agreements, which are used to hedge the floating rate exposure of the Term Loan Facility. If LIBOR becomes unavailable and market quotations for specified inter-bank lending are not available, it is unclear how payments under such agreements would be calculated, which could cause the interest rate swap agreements to no longer offer us the protection we expect. Relevant industry groups are seeking to create a standard protocol addressing the expected discontinuation of LIBOR, to which parties to then-existing swaps will be able to adhere. There can be no assurance that such a protocol will be developed or that our swap counterparties will adhere to it. It is uncertain whether amending our then-existing swap agreements may provide us with effective protection from changes in the then-applicable interest rate on the Term Loan Facility indebtedness or other indebtedness. Similarly, while industry groups have announced that they anticipate amending standard documentation to facilitate a market in swaps on one or more successor rates to LIBOR, it is uncertain whether and to what extent a market for interest rate swaps on the successor rate selected for the Term Loan Facility indebtedness or other indebtedness will develop, which may affect our ability to effectively hedge our interest rate exposure.
Fluctuations in interest rates could materially affect our financial results and may increase the risk our counterparties default on our interest rate hedges.
Borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities are subject to variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. Potential future increases in interest rates and credit spreads may increase our interest expense and therefore negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations, and reduce our access to capital markets. We have entered into interest rate swap agreements to hedge the floating rate exposure of the Term Loan Facility. Increased interest rates may increase the risk that the counterparties to our interest rate swap agreements will default on their obligations, which could further increase our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Conversely, if interest rates are lower than our swapped fixed rates, we will be required to pay more for our debt than we would have had we not entered into the interest rate swap agreements.
 
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Despite substantial levels of indebtedness, we have the ability to incur more indebtedness. Incurring additional debt could further intensify the risks described above.
We may be able to incur additional debt in the future and the terms of the credit agreements governing the Senior Secured Credit Facilities will not fully prohibit us from doing so. We have the ability to draw upon our $455.0 million Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility (subject to customary borrowing base and other conditions) and the ability to increase the aggregate availability thereunder by up to $145.0 million (subject to receipt of commitments). We also have the ability to draw upon the uncommitted accordion provided under the Term Loan Facility (subject to the receipt of commitments), which, as of the date of closing of the Term Loan Facility, permitted incremental term loans thereunder of up to (i) the greater of $325.0 million and 60% of “consolidated EBITDA” (as defined in the Term Loan Facility), plus (ii) the sum of all voluntary prepayments, repurchases and redemptions of the Term Loan Facility and certain permitted indebtedness that is secured on a pari passu basis with the Term Loan Facility, in each case, to the extent not financed with the incurrence of additional long-term indebtedness, plus an unlimited amount so long as the “consolidated first lien net leverage ratio” (as defined in the Term Loan Facility) of Vertiv Group and its restricted subsidiaries, determined on a pro forma basis, would not exceed 3.75:1.00. The amount of the Term Loan Facility and the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility may be increased if we meet certain conditions. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face could intensify and we may not be able to meet all our respective debt obligations. In addition, the credit agreements governing the Senior Secured Credit Facilities do not prevent us from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness under those agreements.
Restrictive covenants in the credit agreements governing the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, and any future debt agreements, could restrict our operating flexibility.
The credit agreements governing the Term Loan Facility and the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility contain covenants that limit our and our restricted subsidiaries’ ability to take certain actions. These restrictions may limit our ability to operate our businesses, prohibit or limit our ability to enhance our operations or take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise.
The credit agreements governing the Senior Secured Credit Facilities restrict (subject to customary exceptions), among other things, certain of our subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional indebtedness; pay dividends or other payments on capital stock; guarantee other obligations; grant liens on assets; make loans, acquisitions or other investments; dispose of assets; make optional payments of, or otherwise modify, certain debt instruments; engage in transactions with affiliates; amend organizational documents; engage in mergers or consolidations; enter into arrangements that restrict certain of our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends; change the nature of the business conducted by Vertiv Group and its subsidiaries; and designate our subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries.
In addition, under the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility, if availability goes below a certain threshold, Vertiv Group and its restricted subsidiaries are required to comply with a minimum “consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio” (as defined in the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility).
Our ability to comply with the covenants and restrictions contained in the credit agreements governing the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, and any future debt agreements, is not fully within our control and breaches of such covenants or restrictions could trigger adverse consequences.
Our ability to comply with the covenants and restrictions contained in the credit agreements governing the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, and any future debt agreements, may be affected by economic conditions and by financial, market and competitive factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our ability to comply with these covenants in future periods will also depend substantially on the pricing and sales volume of our products, our success at implementing cost reduction initiatives and our ability to successfully implement our overall business strategy. The breach of any of these covenants or restrictions could result in a default under the credit agreements governing the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, or any future debt, that would permit the holders or applicable lenders to terminate any outstanding commitments and declare all amounts outstanding thereunder to be due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest. In that case, the applicable borrowers may be unable to borrow under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, or any future debt, may not be able to repay the amounts due under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, or any
 
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future debt, and may not be able make cash available to us, by dividend, debt repayment or otherwise, to enable us to make payments on any future debt. In addition, the lenders under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities, or any future debt, could proceed against the collateral securing that indebtedness. This could have serious consequences to our financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows and could cause us to become bankrupt or insolvent.
Our business plan is dependent on access to funding through the capital markets.
Our ability to invest in our businesses, make strategic acquisitions and refinance maturing debt obligations requires access to the capital markets and sufficient bank credit lines to support short-term borrowings. Volatility in the capital markets may increase costs associated with issuing other debt instruments, or affect our ability to access those markets. Any decline in the ratings of our corporate credit or any indications from the rating agencies that their ratings on our corporate credit are under surveillance or review with possible negative implications could adversely impact our ability to access capital. If we are unable to continue to access the capital markets, our ability to effectively execute our business plan could be adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. Additionally, if our customers, suppliers or financial institutions are unable to access the capital markets to meet their commitments to us, our business could be adversely impacted.
Risks Related to the Ownership of our Securities
The Vertiv Stockholder has significant influence over us.
As of August 4, 2020, the Vertiv Stockholder beneficially owned approximately 36.01% of our outstanding Class A common stock. As long as the Vertiv Stockholder owns or controls a significant percentage of our outstanding voting power, it will have the ability to significantly influence all corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors and the size of our Board, any amendment to our Organizational Documents, or the approval of any merger or other significant corporate transaction, including a sale of substantially all of our assets. The Vertiv Stockholder’s influence over our management could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control or otherwise discouraging a potential acquirer from attempting to obtain control of us, which could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline or prevent stockholders from realizing a premium over the market price for our Class A common stock. Because our Certificate of Incorporation opts out of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) regulating certain business combinations with interested stockholders, the Vertiv Stockholder may transfer shares to a third party by transferring their common stock without the approval of our Board or other stockholders, which may limit the price that investors are willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. Pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement entered into by and among the Company, the Sponsor Members and the Vertiv Stockholder, the Vertiv Stockholder will initially have the right to nominate up to four directors (at least two of whom will be independent) to our Board. The Vertiv Stockholder’s right to nominate directors to our Board is subject to its ownership percentage of the total outstanding shares of Class A common stock. If the Vertiv Stockholder holds: (1) 30% or greater of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will have the right to nominate four directors (at least two of whom will be independent); (2) less than 30% but greater than or equal to 20% of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will have the right to nominate three directors (at least one of whom will be independent); (3) less than 20% but greater than or equal to 10% of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will have the right to nominate two directors (none of whom will be required to be independent); (4) less than 10% but greater than or equal to 5% of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will have the right to nominate one director (none of whom will be required to be independent); and (5) less than 5% of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will not have the right to nominate any directors.
The Vertiv Stockholder’s interests may not align with our interests as a company or the interests of our other stockholders. Accordingly, the Vertiv Stockholder could cause us to enter into transactions or agreements of which you would not approve or make decisions with which you would disagree. Further, the Vertiv Stockholder is in the business of making investments in companies and may acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. The Vertiv Stockholder may also pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and, as a result, those acquisition
 
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opportunities may not be available to us. In recognition that principals, members, directors, managers, partners, stockholders, officers, employees and other representatives of the Vertiv Stockholder and its affiliates and investment funds may serve as our directors or officers, our Certificate of Incorporation provides, among other things, that none of the Vertiv Stockholder or any principal, member, director, manager, partner, stockholder, officer, employee or other representative of the Vertiv Stockholder has any duty to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business that we do. In the event that any of these persons or entities acquires knowledge of a potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for itself and us, we will not have any expectancy in such corporate opportunity, and these persons and entities will not have any duty to communicate or offer such corporate opportunity to us and may pursue or acquire such corporate opportunity for themselves or direct such opportunity to another person. These potential conflicts of interest could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations if, among other things, attractive corporate opportunities are allocated by the Vertiv Stockholder to itself or its other affiliates.
We are required to pay the Vertiv Stockholder for a significant portion of the tax benefits relating to pre-Business Combination tax assets and attributes, regardless of whether any tax savings are realized.
At the closing of the Business Combination, we entered into the Tax Receivable Agreement, which generally provides for the payment by us to the Vertiv Stockholder of 65% of the cash tax savings in U.S. federal, state, local and certain foreign taxes, that we actually realize (or are deemed to realize) in periods after the closing of the Business Combination as a result of (i) increases in the tax basis of certain intangible assets of Vertiv resulting from certain pre-Business Combination acquisitions, (ii) certain U.S. federal income tax credits for increasing research activities (so-called “R&D credits”) and (iii) tax deductions in respect of certain Business Combination expenses. We expect to retain the benefit of the remaining 35% of these cash tax savings. The payments described in (i) and (ii) above will generally be deferred until the close of our third taxable year following the closing of the Business Combination and will be payable over the following nine taxable years. The payments described in (iii) above will generally be deferred until the close of our fourth taxable year following the closing of the Business Combination and will be payable ratably over the following three taxable years regardless of whether we actually realize such tax benefits in such years.
Under certain circumstances (including a material breach of our obligations, certain actions or transactions constituting a change of control, a divestiture of certain assets, upon the end of the term of the Tax Receivable Agreement or after three years, at our option), payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be accelerated and become immediately due. In such case, the payments due upon acceleration would be based on the present value of our anticipated future tax savings using certain valuation assumptions, including that we will generate sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the applicable tax assets and attributes covered under the Tax Receivable Agreement (or, in the case of a divestiture of certain assets, the applicable tax attributes relating to such assets). Consequently, it is possible in these circumstances that the actual cash tax savings realized by us may be significantly less than the corresponding Tax Receivable Agreement payments we are required to make at the time of acceleration. Furthermore, the acceleration of our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement could have a substantial negative impact on our liquidity. Additionally, the obligation to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, including the acceleration of our obligation to make payments in the event of a change of control, could make us a less attractive target for a future acquisition.
While the timing of any payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will vary depending upon the amount and timing of our taxable income, we expect that the payments that we will be required to make under the Tax Receivable Agreement could be substantial. Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be based on the tax reporting positions that we determine, and such tax reporting positions are subject to challenge by taxing authorities. Payments made under the Tax Receivable Agreement will not be returned upon a successful challenge by a taxing authority to our reporting positions, although such excess payments made to the Vertiv Stockholder may be netted against payments otherwise to be made to the Vertiv Stockholder after our determination of such excess. Any payments made by us under the Tax Receivable Agreement will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us.
For more information about the Tax Receivable Agreement, please see the section entitled “Business Combination — Related Agreement — Tax Receivable Agreement.”
 
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Resales of our securities may cause the market price of our securities to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well
Subject to certain exceptions, the Initial Stockholders were contractually restricted from selling or transferring their founder shares until the end of the Sponsor Lock-up Period. However, following the expiration of such lockups, the Initial Stockholders are not be restricted from selling their securities, other than by applicable securities laws. For example, (x) each of the founder shares that are owned by the Initial Stockholders were each subject to certain restrictions on transfer until the termination of the applicable lock-up period with respect to such shares on July 31, 2020, and (y) the shares of Class A common stock that are owned by the Vertiv Stockholders were subject to certain restrictions on transfer until the termination of the applicable lock-up period with respect to such shares on August 5, 2020, and Vertiv Stockholder is selling its shares of Class A common stock in an underwritten offering pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The lock-up period applicable to the Initial Stockholders’ private placement warrants and Class A common stock underlying the private placement warrants has also expired and such securities may be sold in accordance with applicable securities laws. Additionally, the other PIPE Investors are not restricted from selling any of their securities, other than by applicable securities laws.
We have also registered all shares of Class A common stock that we may issue under the Incentive Plan and they can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to volume limitations applicable to affiliates.
A significant number of shares of our Class A common stock will be issuable upon the exercise of our warrants (including the warrants included in the units). Additionally, all of the founder shares and private placement warrants held by the Initial Stockholders, PIPE Shares held by the PIPE Investors, Stock Consideration Shares held by the Vertiv Stockholder, and the Other Registrable Securities held by the RRA Parties have been registered for resale under the Securities Act on the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. As restrictions on resale end and registration statements are available for use, the sale or possibility of sale of shares by the Vertiv Stockholder, the Initial Stockholders and the PIPE Investors could have the effect of increasing the volatility in our share price or the market price of our securities could decline if the holders of currently restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them.
The trading price of our Class A common stock, warrants and units may be volatile.
The trading price of our Class A common stock, warrants and units may highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations due to a number of factors such as the following, some of which will be beyond our control. Some of the factors that could negatively affect the market price of our Class A common stock, warrants and units or result in significant fluctuations in price, regardless of our actual operating performance, include:

actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results;

results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors;

changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates by securities analysts and investors;

changes in market valuations of similar companies;

changes in the markets in which we operate;

announcements by us, our competitors or our vendors of significant contracts, acquisitions, joint marketing relationships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

announcements by third parties of significant claims or proceedings against us;

additions or departures of key personnel;

actions by stockholders, including the sale by the Vertiv Stockholder and the PIPE Investors of any of their shares of our common stock;

speculation in the press or investment community;

general market, economic and political conditions, including an economic slowdown;
 
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uncertainty regarding economic events, including in Europe in connection with the United Kingdom’s possible departure from the European Union;

changes in interest rates;

our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies;

our ability to accurately project future results and our ability to achieve those and other industry and analyst forecasts; and

new legislation or other regulatory developments that adversely affect us, our markets or our industry.
Furthermore, in recent years, the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a significant impact on the market price of securities issued by many companies, including companies in our industry, and often occurs without regard to the operating performance of the affected companies. Therefore, factors that have little or nothing to do with us could cause the price of our Class A common stock, warrants and units to fluctuate, and these fluctuations or any fluctuations related to our company could cause the market price of our Class A common stock, warrants and units to decline materially.
In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If we were involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of our management team from our business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.
Compliance obligations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act require substantial financial and management resources.
As a privately held company, Vertiv was not subject to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The standards required for a public company under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are significantly more stringent than those required of Vertiv as a privately held company. Management may not be able to effectively and timely implement controls and procedures that adequately respond to the increased regulatory compliance and reporting requirements that are applicable to us after the Business Combination. If we are not able to implement the requirements of Section 404, including any additional requirements once we are no longer an emerging growth company, in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, we may not be able to assess whether our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, which may subject us to adverse regulatory consequences and could harm investor confidence and the market price of our securities. Additionally, once we are no longer an emerging growth company, we will be required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirement on our internal control over financial reporting. We currently anticipate losing our “emerging growth company” status at 2020 year end.
The obligations associated with being a public company involve significant expenses and require significant resources and management attention, which may divert from our business operations.
As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Exchange Act requires the filing of annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to a public company’s business and financial condition. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that a public company establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. As a result, we have incurred and expect to incur in the future significant legal, accounting and other expenses that Vertiv did not previously incur. Vertiv’s entire management team and many of its other employees will need to devote substantial time to compliance, and may not effectively or efficiently manage our transition into a public company.
We are currently an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act, and to the extent we have taken advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies, this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.
We are currently an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements
 
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that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. We cannot predict whether investors will find our securities less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.
Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company, which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of: (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the closing of the IPO, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common equity that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th; and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.00 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. We currently anticipate losing our “emerging growth company” status at 2020 year end.
Warrants became exercisable for our Class A common stock on March 8, 2020, which increases the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and results in dilution to our stockholders.
Outstanding warrants to purchase a significant number of shares of our Class A common stock became exercisable in accordance with the terms of the warrant agreement on March 8, 2020. The exercise price of these warrants is $11.50 per share. To the extent such warrants are exercised, additional shares of our Class A common stock will be issued, which will result in dilution to the holders of our Class A common stock and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market or the fact that such warrants may be exercised could adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock. However, there is no guarantee that the warrants will ever be in the money prior to their expiration, and as such, the warrants may expire worthless.
The warrants may not ever be in the money, they may expire worthless and the terms of the warrants may be amended in a manner that may be adverse to holders of our warrants with the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants. As a result, the exercise price of the warrants could be increased, the warrants could be converted into cash or stock (at a ratio different than initially provided), the exercise period could be shortened and the number of shares of our Class A common stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant could be decreased, all without a warrant holder’s approval.
The warrants may not ever be in the money, and they may expire worthless. Our warrants were issued in registered form under a warrant agreement between Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and Computershare Inc., acting together as warrant agent (together, “Computershare”), and us. The warrant agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval by the holders of at least 50%
 
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of the then outstanding public warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of warrants. Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants approve of such amendment. Although our ability to amend the terms of the warrants with the consent of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the warrants, convert the warrants into cash or stock (at a ratio different than initially provided), shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of shares of our Class A common stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant.
We may redeem unexpired warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to a warrant holder, thereby making the warrants worthless.
We have the ability to redeem outstanding warrants at any time prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the last reported sales price of our Class A common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date we send the notice of redemption to the warrant holders. If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. Redemption of the outstanding warrants could force warrant holders to: (1) exercise their warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so (2) sell their warrants at the then-current market price when they might otherwise wish to hold their warrants; or (3) accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of the warrants. None of the private placement warrants will be redeemable by us so long as they are held by the Sponsor Members or their respective permitted transferees.
In addition, we may redeem warrants for a number of shares of Class A common stock determined based on the redemption date and the fair market value of our Class A common stock. Please see “Description of Securities — Warrants — Public Warrants — Redemption of warrants for shares of Class A common stock.” Any such redemption may have similar consequences to a cash redemption described above. In addition, such redemption may occur at a time when the warrants are “out-of-the-money,” in which case warrant holders would lose any potential embedded value from a subsequent increase in the value of the Class A common stock had the warrants remained outstanding. None of the private placement warrants will be redeemable by us so long as they are held by the Sponsor Members or their permitted transferees.
The NYSE may delist our securities from trading on its exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.
Our Class A common stock, public warrants and units are listed on the NYSE. There is no guarantee that these securities will remain listed on the NYSE. Although we currently meet the minimum initial listing standards set forth in the NYSE listing standards, there can be no assurance that these securities will continue to be listed on the NYSE in the future. In order to continue listing our securities on the NYSE, we must maintain certain financial, distribution and share price levels. In general, we must maintain a minimum number of holders of our securities.
If the NYSE delists any of our securities from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

reduced liquidity for our securities;

a determination that our Class A common stock are a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our Class A common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities;

a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and

a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
 
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The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because our Class A common stock, public warrants and units are listed on the NYSE, our Class A common stock, public warrants and units qualify as covered securities under such statute. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. If we were no longer listed on the NYSE, our securities would not be covered securities and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities.
The coverage of our business or our securities by securities or industry analysts or the absence thereof could adversely affect our securities and trading volume.
The trading market for our securities will be influenced in part by the research and other reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us or our business or industry from time to time. We do not control these analysts or the content and opinions included in their reports. As a former blank check company, we may be slow to attract equity research coverage, and the analysts who publish information about our securities will have had relatively little experience with our company, which could affect their ability to accurately forecast our results and make it more likely that we fail to meet their estimates. If no or few analysts commence equity research coverage of us, the trading price and volume of our securities would likely be negatively impacted. If analysts do cover us and one or more of them downgrade our securities, or if they issue other unfavorable commentary about us or our industry or inaccurate research, our stock price would likely decline. Furthermore, if one or more of these analysts cease coverage or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets. Any of the foregoing would likely cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.
Anti-takeover provisions contained in our Organizational Documents, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.
Our Organizational Documents contain provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that stockholders may consider to be in their best interests. We are also subject to anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law, which could delay or prevent a change of control. Together, these provisions may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities. Certain of these provisions provide:

no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;

the requirement that directors may only be removed from the Board for cause;

the right of our Board to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our Board or the resignation, death or removal of a director in certain circumstances, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our Board;

a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

a prohibition on stockholders calling a special meeting and the requirement that a meeting of stockholders may only be called by members of our Board or the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors; and

advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our Board or to propose matters to be acted upon at a meeting of stockholders, which may discourage or

deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company.
 
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Our Certificate of Incorporation includes a forum selection clause, which could discourage claims or limit stockholders’ ability to make a claim against us, our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders.
Our Certificate of Incorporation includes a forum selection clause, which provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring: (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company; (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees of the Company to the Company or our stockholders; (c) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our certificate of incorporation or bylaws; or (d) any action asserting a claims governed by the internal affairs doctrine, except for, as to each of (a) through (d) above, any claim (i) as to which the Court of Chancery determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination), (ii) which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery, (iii) for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction or (iv) arising under the federal securities laws, including the Securities Act, as to which the Court of Chancery and the federal district court for the District of Delaware shall concurrently be the sole and exclusive forums. This forum selection clause may discourage claims or limit stockholders’ ability to submit claims in a judicial forum that they find favorable and may result in additional costs for a stockholder seeking to bring a claim. While we believe the risk of a court declining to enforce this forum selection clause is low, if a court were to determine the forum selection clause to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs in conjunction with our efforts to resolve the dispute in an alternative jurisdiction, which could have a negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the forum selection clause will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the sole and exclusive forum.
We are a holding company and will depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends.
We are a holding company without any direct operations and have no significant assets other than our ownership interest in Second Merger Sub. Accordingly, our ability to pay dividends depends upon the financial condition, liquidity and results of operations of, and our receipt of dividends, loans or other funds from, our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation to make funds available to us. In addition, there are various statutory, regulatory and contractual limitations and business considerations on the extent, if any, to which our subsidiaries may pay dividends, make loans or otherwise provide funds to us. For example, the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions, loans and other payments to us for the purposes described above and for any other purpose may be limited by the terms of the agreements governing our outstanding indebtedness.
 
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USE OF PROCEEDS
All of the securities offered by the Selling Holders pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the Selling Holders for their respective accounts. We will not receive any of the proceeds from these sales. We will receive up to an aggregate of approximately $385,632,962 from the exercise of all public warrants and private placement warrants assuming the exercise in full of all such warrants for cash. Unless we inform you otherwise in a prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the exercise of such warrants for general corporate purposes which may include acquisitions or other strategic investments or repayment of outstanding indebtedness.
The Selling Holders will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by the Selling Holders for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred by the Selling Holders in disposing of the securities. We will bear the costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the securities covered by this prospectus, including all registration and filing fees, NYSE listing fees and fees and expenses of our counsel and our independent registered public accounting firm.
 
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DIVIDEND POLICY
We expect to initiate an annual dividend of $0.01 per share of our Class A common stock. We are a holding company without any direct operations and have no significant assets other than our ownership interest in Vertiv Holdings, LLC. Accordingly, our ability to pay dividends depends upon the financial condition, liquidity and results of operations of, and our receipt of dividends, loans or other funds from, our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation to make funds available to us. In addition, there are various statutory, regulatory and contractual limitations and business considerations on the extent, if any, to which our subsidiaries may pay dividends, make loans or otherwise provide funds to us. For example, the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions, loans and other payments to us for the purposes described above and for any other purpose may be limited by the terms of the agreements governing our outstanding indebtedness. The declaration and payment of dividends is also at the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends on various factors including our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors.
In addition, under Delaware law, our Board of Directors may declare dividends only to the extent of our surplus (which is defined as total assets at fair market value minus total liabilities, minus statutory capital) or, if there is no surplus, out of our net profits for the then-current and/or immediately preceding fiscal year.
 
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BUSINESS COMBINATION
This subsection describes the material provisions of the certain agreements entered into in connection with the Business Combination, but does not purport to describe all of the terms of such agreements. The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of such agreements, copies of which are included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Summary of the Business Combination
On the Closing Date, Vertiv Holdings Co (formerly known as GS Acquisition Holdings Corp), consummated the Business Combination pursuant to that certain Merger Agreement, by and among GSAH, Vertiv Holdings, the Vertiv Stockholder, the First Merger Sub and the Second Merger Sub. As contemplated by the Merger Agreement, (1) First Merger Sub merged with and into Vertiv Holdings, with Vertiv Holdings continuing as the surviving entity and (2) immediately following the First Merger and as part of the same overall transaction as the First Merger, Vertiv Holdings merged with and into Second Merger Sub, with Second Merger Sub continuing as the surviving entity and renamed “Vertiv Holdings, LLC.” As a result of the consummation of the Business Combination, (a) the Company directly owns all of the equity interests of Vertiv Holdings, LLC and indirectly owns the equity interests of its subsidiaries and (b) the Vertiv Stockholder, the sole equity owner of Vertiv Holdings prior to the Business Combination, holds 118,261,955 shares of our Class A common stock as of March 9, 2020. In connection with the Business Combination, the registrant changed its name from GS Acquisition Holdings Corp to “Vertiv Holdings Co”.
On February 6, 2020, GSAH’s stockholders, at a special meeting of GSAH, approved and adopted the Merger Agreement, and approved the Business Combination proposal and the other related proposals presented in the Proxy Statement.
The Merger Consideration was approximately $1.5 billion, $341.6 million of which was paid in cash and the remainder was paid in stock consisting of 118,261,955 Stock Consideration Shares. The Stock Consideration Shares were valued at $10.00 per share for purposes of determining the aggregate number of shares of our Class A common stock payable to the Vertiv Stockholder as part of the Merger Consideration. In addition, the Vertiv Stockholder is entitled to receive additional future cash consideration with respect to the Business Combination in the form of amounts payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement (as defined below).
Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, GSAH entered into the Subscription Agreements with the PIPE Investors, pursuant to which the PIPE Investors collectively subscribed for 123,900,000 PIPE Shares for an aggregate purchase price equal to $1,239,000,000. The PIPE Investment was consummated in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination. See “— Related Agreements” below for a summary of the Subscription Agreement. Each of the Initial Stockholders, agreed to waive the anti-dilution adjustments provided for in GSAH’s Certificate of Incorporation, which were applicable to the founder shares. As a result of such waiver, the 17,250,000 founder shares automatically converted from shares of GSAH’s Class B common stock into shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis upon the consummation of the Business Combination.
On the Closing Date, in connection with the Business Combination, we entered into certain related agreements including the Tax Receivable Agreement, Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement and the Stockholders Agreement (each of which is described below).
Related Agreements
Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement
On the Closing Date, we entered into the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, with our Initial Stockholders, the Vertiv Stockholder, the GS ESC PIPE Investor, the Cote PIPE Investor and certain other PIPE Investors (collectively, with each other person who has executed and delivered a joinder thereto, the “RRA Parties”), pursuant to which the RRA Parties are entitled to registration rights in respect of certain shares of the Company’s Class A common stock and certain other equity securities of the Company that are held by the RRA Parties from time to time.
 
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The Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement provides that the Company will as soon as practicable but no later than the later of (i) 45 calendar days following the consummation of the Business Combination and (ii) 90 calendar days following the Company’s most recent fiscal year end, file with the SEC a shelf registration statement pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act registering the resale of certain shares of the Company’s Class A common stock and certain other equity securities of the Company held by the RRA Parties and will use its commercially reasonably efforts to have such shelf registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof, but no later than the earlier of (x) the 90th calendar day following the filing date if the SEC notifies the Company that it will “review” such shelf registration statement and (y) the 10th business day after the date the Company is notified in writing by the SEC that such shelf registration statement will not be “reviewed” or will not be subject to further review.
Each of the GS Sponsor Member, the Cote Sponsor Member and the Vertiv Stockholder is entitled to make up to two demand registrations in any 12 month period in connection with an underwritten shelf takedown offering, in each case subject to certain offering thresholds, applicable lock-up restrictions and certain other conditions. In addition, the RRA Parties have certain “piggy-back” registration rights. The Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement includes customary indemnification and confidentiality provisions. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any registration statements filed pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement.
Stockholders Agreement
On the Closing Date, the Company, the GS Sponsor Member, the Cote Sponsor Member and the Vertiv Stockholder entered into the Stockholders Agreement.
Pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, the Vertiv Stockholder has the right to nominate up to four directors to our Board of Directors, subject to its ownership percentage of the total outstanding shares of Class A common stock. If the Vertiv Stockholder holds: (i) 30% or greater of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will have the right to nominate four directors (two of which must be independent); (ii) less than 30% but greater than or equal to 20% of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will have the right to nominate three directors (one of which must be independent); (iii) less than 20% but greater than or equal to 10% of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will have the right to nominate two directors; (iv) less than 10% but greater than or equal to 5% of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will have the right to nominate one director; and (iv) less than 5% of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will not have the right to nominate any directors. As long as the Vertiv Stockholder has the right to nominate at least one director, the Vertiv Stockholder shall have certain rights to appoint its nominees to committees of the Board of Directors and the Company shall take certain actions to ensure the number of directors serving on the Board of Directors does not exceed nine. In addition, the Stockholders Agreement provides that so long as the Company has any Executive Chairman or Chief Executive Officer as a named executive officer, the Company shall take certain actions to include such Executive Chairman or Chief Executive Officer on the slate of nominees recommended by the Board of Directors for election. The Stockholders Agreement also provides that, for so long as the Vertiv Stockholder holds at least 5% of our outstanding Class A common stock, the Vertiv Stockholder will have the right to designate an observer to attend meetings of the Board, subject to certain limitations.
Tax Receivable Agreement
On the Closing Date, the Company entered into the Tax Receivable Agreement, which generally provides for the payment by us to the Vertiv Stockholder of 65% of the cash tax savings in U.S. federal, state, local and certain foreign taxes, that we actually realize (or are deemed to realize) in periods after the closing of the Business Combination as a result of (i) increases in the tax basis of certain intangible assets of Vertiv resulting from certain pre-Business Combination acquisitions, (ii) certain U.S. federal income tax credits for increasing research activities (so-called “R&D credits”) and (iii) tax deductions in respect of certain Business Combination expenses. We expect to retain the benefit of the remaining 35% of these cash tax savings.
For purposes of the Tax Receivable Agreement, the applicable tax savings will generally be computed by comparing our actual tax liability for a given taxable year to the amount of such taxes that we would
 
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have been required to pay in such taxable year without the tax basis in the certain intangible assets, the U.S. federal income tax R&D credits and the tax deductions for certain Business Combination expenses described above. Except as described below, the term of the Tax Receivable Agreement will continue for twelve taxable years following the closing of the Business Combination. However, the payments described in (i) and (ii) above will generally be deferred until the close of our third taxable year following the closing of the Business Combination. The payments described in (iii) above will generally be deferred until the close of our fourth taxable year following the closing of the Business Combination and then payable ratably over the following three taxable year period regardless of whether we actually realize such tax benefits. Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement are not conditioned on the Vertiv Stockholder’s continued ownership of our stock.
Under certain circumstances (including a material breach of our obligations, certain actions or transactions constituting a change of control, a divestiture of certain assets, upon the end of the term of the Tax Receivable Agreement or, after three years, at our option), payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be accelerated and become immediately due in a lump sum. In such case, the payments due upon acceleration would be based on the present value of our anticipated future tax savings using certain valuation assumptions, including that we will generate sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the applicable tax assets and attributes covered under the Tax Receivable Agreement (or, in the case of a divestiture of certain assets, the applicable tax attributes relating to such assets). Consequently, it is possible in these circumstances that the actual cash tax savings realized by us may be significantly less than the corresponding Tax Receivable Agreement payments we are required to make at the time of acceleration. Furthermore, the acceleration of our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement could have a substantial negative impact on our liquidity. Additionally, the obligation to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, including the acceleration of our obligation to make payments in the event of a change of control, could make us a less attractive target for a future acquisition.
While the timing of any payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will vary depending upon the amount and timing of our taxable income, we expect that the payments that we will be required to make under the Tax Receivable Agreement could be substantial. Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be based on the tax reporting positions that we determine, and such tax reporting positions are subject to challenge by taxing authorities. Payments made under the Tax Receivable Agreement will not be returned upon a successful challenge by a taxing authority to our reporting positions, although such excess payments made to the Vertiv Stockholder may be netted against payments otherwise to be made to the Vertiv Stockholder after our determination of such excess. Any payments made by us under the Tax Receivable Agreement will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us.
Subscription Agreements
Pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, the PIPE Investors purchased an aggregate of 123,900,000 shares of Class A common stock in a private placement for a price of $10.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1,239,000,000.
The shares of Class A common stock issued in connection with the Subscription Agreements (the “PIPE Shares”) were not registered under the Securities Act, and were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration requirements thereof provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
The Subscription Agreements for the PIPE Investors (other than (1) the PIPE Investors who are RRA Parties, whose registration rights are governed by the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, and (2) Subscribing Vertiv Executives) (the “Non-Sponsor PIPE Investors”) provide for certain registration rights. In particular, the Company is required to, as soon as practicable but no later than, (i) 45 calendar days following the closing date of the Business Combination and (ii) 90 calendar days following the Company’s most recent fiscal year end, file with the SEC (at the Company’s sole cost and expense) a registration statement registering the resale of such shares, and will use its commercially reasonable efforts to have such registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof, but no later than the earlier of (i) the 90th calendar day following the actual filing date if the SEC notifies the Company that it will “review” such registration statement and (ii) the 10th business day after the date the Company is notified in writing
 
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by the SEC that such registration statement will not be “reviewed” or will not be subject to further review. Such registration statement is required to be kept effective for at least two years after effectiveness or until the shares thereunder have been sold by the Non-Sponsor PIPE Investors. In addition, the Non-Sponsor PIPE Investors that purchase shares for an aggregate purchase price in excess of $100,000,000 also will be entitled to make up to two demands in the aggregate for traditional underwritten registrations, plus up to two demands in the aggregate for block trades, in any 12 month period immediately following the closing date of the Business Combination, in each case subject to certain thresholds, and will have certain “piggy-back” registration rights.
 
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BUSINESS
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this subsection to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Vertiv Holdings Co and its consolidated subsidiaries following the Business Combination, other than certain historical information which refers to the business of Vertiv prior to the consummation of the Business Combination.
Who we are
We are a global leader in the design, manufacturing and servicing of critical digital infrastructure technology that powers, cools, deploys, secures and maintains electronics that process, store and transmit data. We provide this technology to data centers, communication networks and commercial & industrial environments worldwide.
We aim to help create a world where critical technologies always work, and where we empower the vital applications of the digital world.
Our business
We have a suite of comprehensive offerings, innovative solutions and a leading service organization that supports a diversified group of customers, which we deliver from engineering, manufacturing, sales and service locations in more than 45 countries across the Americas, Asia Pacific and EMEA. We provide the hardware, software and services to facilitate an increasingly interconnected marketplace of digital systems where large amounts of indispensable data need to be transmitted, analyzed, processed and stored. Whether this growing quantity of data is managed centrally in cloud/hyperscale locations, distributed at the so-called “edge” of the network, processed in an enterprise location or managed via a hybrid platform, the underpinnings of all those locations rely on our critical digital infrastructure and services.
We have a broad range of offerings, which include power management products, thermal management products, integrated rack systems, modular solutions, and management systems for monitoring and controlling digital infrastructure. These comprehensive offerings are integral to the technologies used for a number of services, including e-commerce, online banking, file sharing, video on-demand, energy storage, wireless communications, IoT and online gaming. In addition, through our global services network, we provide lifecycle management services, predictive analytics and professional services for deploying, maintaining and optimizing these products and their related systems.
Our primary customers are businesses across three main end markets: (1) data centers (including cloud/hyperscale, colocation, enterprise and edge), (2) communication networks and (3) commercial and industrial environments. Within these areas we serve a diverse array of industries, including social media, financial services, healthcare, transportation, retail, education and government. We approach these industries and end users through our global network of direct sales professionals, independent sales representatives, channel partners and original equipment manufacturers. Many of our installations are completed in collaboration with our customers and we work with them from the initial planning phase through delivery and servicing of the completed solution. This depth of interaction supports key customer relationships, sometimes spanning multiple decades. Our most prominent brands include Liebert, NetSure, Geist and Avocent.
Our business is organized into three segments according to our main geographic regions — the Americas, Asia Pacific and EMEA — and we manage and report our results of operations across these three business segments. For the year ended December 31, 2019, Vertiv’s revenue was $4,431.2 million, of which 50% was transacted in the Americas; 29% was transacted in Asia Pacific; and 21% was transacted in EMEA as compared with Vertiv’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018, of $4,285.6 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, our revenue was $1,903.0 million, of which 50% was transacted in the Americas; 29% was transacted in Asia Pacific; and 21% was transacted in EMEA as compared with Vertiv’s revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2019 of $2188.9 million.
Our Customers
Our primary customers are businesses across three main end markets: (1) data centers (including cloud/hyperscale, colocation, enterprise and edge), (2) communication networks and (3) commercial and industrial environments.
 
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Data Centers:   The primary purpose of a data center is to process, store and distribute data. There are a host of different sizes and types of data centers, but primarily they can be broken down into the following classifications:

Cloud/Hyperscale:   These facilities are massive in scale and are primarily used to support off-premise cloud applications. This portion of the industry is growing rapidly. Examples of companies in this space include Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services, and Google Cloud.

Colocation:   These facilities range in size and offer users a location where they can place their I.T. equipment, while the building and critical digital infrastructure is owned by the colocation company. This portion of the industry is growing rapidly. Examples of companies in this space include Digital Realty and Equinix.

Enterprise:   This classification refers to the “Fortune 1000” type businesses that have their own on-premises data centers. Examples of companies in this space include Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Walmart and Cleveland Clinic. We have found that the growth of the enterprise market, based on data centers and square footage, has generally been flat for the past 3 years.

Edge:   These types of data centers are at the infancy stage of their development and will be utilized by all of the aforementioned categories in the future. These locations are decentralized by nature and located closer to where the data is being demanded (i.e., towards the edge of the network). This market is small today, but the opportunities for growth in this space are expected to increase as the proliferation of connected devices and data storage needs continue to grow in the future.
Communication Networks:   This space is comprised of wireline, wireless and broadband companies. These companies create content and are ultimately responsible for distributing voice, video and data to businesses and consumers. They deliver this data through an intricate network of wireline and wireless mediums. Additionally, some of these companies’ locations act as data centers where the data is delivered and also processed and stored. This sector has a generally low single-digit growth profile.
Commercial/Industrial:   This space is comprised of those applications that are tied to a company’s critical systems. Examples include transportation, manufacturing, oil and gas, etc. These applications are growing in their need for intelligent infrastructure and may be regulated or need to pass some level of compliance. The growth in this area generally tracks gross domestic product.
Our offerings
We design, manufacture and service critical digital infrastructure technology for data centers, communication networks and commercial/industrial environments. Our principal offerings include: (1) critical infrastructure and solutions, (2) integrated rack solutions and (3) services and spares:

Critical infrastructure & solutions
We identify delivery of products as performance obligations within the critical infrastructure & solutions offering. Such products include AC and DC power management, thermal management, and modular hyperscale type data center sites.

Integrated rack solutions
Performance obligations within integrated rack solutions include the delivery of racks, rack power, rack power distribution, rack thermal systems, configurable integrated solutions, and hardware for managing I.T. equipment.

Services & spares
Services include preventative maintenance, acceptance testing, engineering and consulting, performance assessments, remote monitoring, training, spare parts, and critical digital infrastructure software.
Sales and marketing
Due to the global nature of our customers, we go to market through multiple channels to ensure that we map our coverage to align with our customers’ buying organization. Our primary selling method is direct
 
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sales. To accomplish this, we have over 2,300 sales people located around the world. Additionally, we utilize a robust network of channel partners in the form of distributors, I.T. resellers, value-added retailers and original equipment manufacturers. This network helps extend our reach to all corners of the world in which we operate.
Backlog
The backlog consists of product and service orders for which a customer purchase order or purchase commitment has been received and which have not yet been delivered.
Vertiv’s estimated combined order backlog was approximately $1,752.4 million and $1,428.9 million as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Orders may be subject to cancellation or rescheduling by the customer. The following table shows estimated backlog by business segment at June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively.
As of June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
2020
2019
Americas
$ 805.9 $ 720.5
Asia Pacific
455.1 319.2
EMEA
491.4 389.2
Total Backlog
$ 1,752.4 $ 1,428.9
Vertiv’s estimated combined order backlog was approximately $1,401.2 million and $1,502.0 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The following table shows estimated backlog by business segment at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
As of December 31,
(Dollars in millions)
2019
2018
Americas
$ 701.8 $ 806.8
Asia Pacific
297.3 281.3
EMEA
402.1 413.9
Total Backlog
$ 1,401.2 $ 1,502.0
The vast majority of the combined backlog as of June 30,2020 is considered firm and is expected to be shipped within one year. We do not believe that Vertiv’s backlog estimates as of any date are necessarily indicative of our revenues for any future period. Backlog estimates are subject to a number of risks. See “Risk factors — Risks Relating to Our Business — We May Not Realize All of the Sales Expected From Our Backlog of Orders and Contracts.”
Due to the variability of shipments under large contracts, customers’ seasonal installation considerations and variations in product mix and in profitability of individual orders, we can experience significant quarterly fluctuations in revenue and operating income. These fluctuations are expected to continue in the future. Consequently, it may be more meaningful to focus on annual rather than interim results.
Research and development
We are committed to outpacing our competitors and being first to market with new product developments and improvements. In 2019, Vertiv spent $198.3 million on Research and Development (“R&D”). We use our R&D budget to focus on fostering new product innovation and engineering. We have global product leaders supported by global product lines and engineering organizations to ensure that we continue to be ahead of market trends by leveraging our regional input. These global groups are also supported by in-region product and engineering teams who are responsible for understanding and adapting our offerings to local market and customer requirements. These teams work closely with our sales and service network which allows us to receive and act upon customer feedback to continuously improve our offerings.
 
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Competition
We encounter competition from a variety of areas; however the majority of our competitors are targeted within a specific offering or a specific geographic location. Competition in our markets is primarily on the basis of reliability, quality, price, service and customer relationships. Across our three markets, we encounter two principal types of competitors: niche players and global competitors. We believe we differentiate ourselves through our ability to service customers in each phase of the product lifecycle, our large customer network which allows us to address the local and regional needs of our customer base, our ability to apply our understanding of trends, technologies and the implementation of our offerings to our customers’ utilization of technology and our integration with third party software which allows us to customize solutions according to a particular customer’s needs.
Properties
Our principal executive offices are located at 1050 Dearborn Drive, Columbus, Ohio. We maintain offices and manufacturing facilities at approximately 363 locations in 50 countries. The Company is a lessee under a number of operating leases for certain real properties and equipment, none of which are material to its operations. Management believes that the existing manufacturing facilities are adequate for its operations and that the facilities are maintained in good condition. The company does not anticipate difficulty in renewing leases as they expire or in finding alternative facilities.
Facilities, operations and supply chain
Being able to serve our customers both on a global and regional level is important, thus that is how we have built our manufacturing footprint. We have significant manufacturing facilities in North and South America, Asia Pacific and EMEA. This well-diversified global network of facilities allows for cost, delivery and inventory optimization. Our manufacturing facilities are supported by regional engineering and configuration centers where, if our customers desire, we can tailor our products to the local market and to our customer’s requirements.
We have established a robust supply chain that is complementary to our manufacturing footprint. In addition to providing high quality service to our customers, this strategy avoids a significant dependence on a particular supplier or region.
Employees
As of June 30, 2020, Vertiv had over 20,000 employees operating globally. Management believes that our employee relations are generally favorable. We are headquartered in Columbus, Ohio.
Intellectual property
Our ability to create, obtain and protect intellectual property is important to the success of our business and our ability to compete. We create IP in our operations globally, and we work to protect and enforce our IP rights. We consider our trademarks valuable assets, including well-known marks such as Vertiv, Geist, Liebert, Energy Labs, NetSure, Avocent and Chloride.
In addition, we integrate licensed third party technology and IP into certain aspects of our products. Although certain third party proprietary IP rights are important to our success, we do not believe we are materially dependent on any particular third party patent of license or group.
As of June 30, 2020, Vertiv had approximately 2,600 patents and approximately 500 pending, published or allowed patent applications, and approximately 1,600 registered trademarks and approximately 200 pending trademark applications.
Raw materials
We obtain raw materials and supplies from a variety of sources and generally from more than one supplier. We believe our sources and supplies of raw materials are adequate for our needs.
 
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Environmental, health and safety
We are subject to a broad range of foreign and domestic environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and requirements, including those relating to the discharge of regulated materials into the environment, the generation and handling of hazardous substances and wastes, human health and safety and the content, composition and takeback of our products. We maintain an environmental, health and safety compliance program, including policies and standards, dedicated staff, and periodic auditing and training. We also have a program for complying with the European Union Restriction on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directives, the China Restriction of Hazardous Substances law, the European Union Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals regulation, and similar requirements.
At sites which we own, lease or operate, or have previously owned, leased or operated, or where we have disposed or arranged for the disposal of hazardous materials, we are currently liable for contamination, and could in the future be liable for additional contamination. We have projects under way at certain current and former manufacturing facilities to investigate and remediate environmental contamination. Compliance with laws regulating contamination and the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment has not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position.
Legal proceedings
In the normal course of business, we are involved in a variety of lawsuits, claims and legal proceedings, including commercial and contract disputes, employment matters, product liability claims, environmental liabilities and intellectual property disputes. As of June 30, 2020, there were no pending legal proceedings that management currently believes are material to the Company.
 
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VERTIV HOLDINGS’
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis is intended to help you understand our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources. You should read this discussion in conjunction with Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. In connection with the Business Combination, Vertiv was determined to be the accounting acquirer.
The statements in this discussion regarding industry outlook, our expectations regarding our future performance, liquidity and capital resources and other non-historical statements in this discussion are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based upon current expectations that involve numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described in “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to “Vertiv,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Vertiv Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. Unless the context otherwise requires or unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts in this section are in millions.
Overview
Vertiv is a global leader in the design, manufacturing and servicing of critical digital infrastructure technology. Vertiv’s technology powers, cools, deploys, secures and maintains electronics that process, store and transmit data. Vertiv provides this technology to data centers, communication networks and commercial & industrial environments worldwide.
Vertiv aims to help create a world where critical technologies always work, and where it empowers the vital applications of the digital world.
Vertiv offers a broad range of products in both power and thermal management and, through a global service network, Vertiv provides life cycle management services and solutions for deploying, maintaining and optimizing these products and their related systems. Vertiv also offers infrastructure management, monitoring, controls and software solutions for their customers’ critical applications. Vertiv offerings are integral to the technologies used for a number of services, including e-commerce, online banking, file sharing, video on-demand, energy storage, wireless communications, IoT and online gaming.
Vertiv manages and reports results of operations in three business segments: Americas, Asia Pacific and EMEA. For the year ended December 31, 2019, Vertiv’s revenue was $4,431.2 million, of which 50% was transacted in the Americas; 29% was transacted in Asia Pacific; and 21% was transacted in EMEA as compared with revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $4,285.6 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, our revenue was $1,903.0 million, of which 50% was transacted in the Americas; 29% was transacted in Asia Pacific; and 21% was transacted in EMEA as compared with Vertiv’s revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2019 of $2188.9 million.
Vertiv sells to three primary markets: (1) data centers (cloud/hyperscale, colocation, enterprise, and edge), (2) communication networks and (3) commercial/industrial environments. Within these markets Vertiv serves a diverse array of end-user sectors including financial services, healthcare, digital, telecommunications, retail, education and government. Vertiv approaches these industries and end-users through a global network of direct sales professionals, independent sales representatives, distributors and original equipment manufacturers. Many of Vertiv’s product installations are completed in collaboration with customers, working together through the initial planning phase through delivery and servicing of the completed solution. This depth of interaction supports key customer relationships, sometimes spanning multiple decades for certain customers. Vertiv’s most prominent brands in addition to Vertiv include Liebert, NetSure, Geist and Avocent. Vertiv’s diverse, global customer base includes some of the largest data center providers/owners, social media companies and communication network operators.
 
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Business trends and conditions
Vertiv believes that the business and results of operations will be impacted in the future by various trends and conditions, including the following:

Growth in data consumption and mobility.   Global data center IP traffic is expected to grow at a compounded annual growth rate of 21 percent from 2018 to 2021, and Vertiv expects the growth in data consumption to continue to increase, in particular the consumption of data on mobile devices, which is expected to reach 77.5 EB per month by 2022. While this macro-level trend does not have a direct correlation to demand for Vertiv offerings in any particular period, Vertiv believes that it does present a positive underlying macro-level trend that indicates the potential for a healthy market for the business. Vertiv expects this increasing demand for data to lead to increased capital spending on data centers (cloud/hyperscale, colocation and traditional enterprise) and communication networks. Although Vertiv has historically been overexposed to the enterprise portion of the data center end market which, based on the number of data centers and square footage, has experienced generally flat growth for the past 3 years, it has shifted focus on growth in the growing portions of the data center end market. However, significant capital spending by either the data center or the communication networks markets can occur in specific periods, and then reduce until their next project. As such, while Vertiv expects demand for its offerings to respond to increased data center demand due to increased data usage generally, a direct correlation in any specific quarter is challenging. The discussion in the results of operations section below illustrates how these variations in periodic spending can impact revenues year-over-year.

Economic and government activity in China.   Vertiv anticipates that China will continue to have positive gross domestic product growth for the foreseeable future. However, China is expected to experience pricing pressures, and Vertiv will need to manage carefully to benefit from China’s growth. Additionally, the level of government involvement is high and somewhat unpredictable in key sectors, such as data centers and communication networks. While Vertiv has strategies to address these situations, the government’s continued role in the markets could be disruptive.
Our business segments
Vertiv tracks and manages the business in three business segments: Americas; Asia Pacific; and Europe, Middle East & Africa.
Americas includes data center, communication networks and commercial/industrial products and services sold for applications in North America and Latin America. This segment’s principal offerings include:

Critical infrastructure and solutions includes AC and DC power management, thermal management, and modular hyperscale type data center sites;

Services and spares includes preventative maintenance, acceptance testing, engineering and consulting, performance assessments, remote monitoring, training, spare parts, and critical digital infrastructure software; and

Integrated rack solutions includes racks, rack power, rack power distribution, rack thermal systems, configurable integrated solutions, and hardware for managing I.T. equipment.
Asia Pacific includes products and services sold for applications within the data center, communication networks and commercial/industrial markets throughout China, India and the rest of Asia. Products and services offered are similar to the Americas segment.
Europe, Middle East & Africa includes products and services sold for applications within the data center, communication networks and commercial/industrial markets throughout EMEA. Products and services offered are similar to the Americas segment.
Recent developments
On December 28, 2017, Vertiv acquired Energy Labs Inc., a leading provider of direct and indirect air handling systems and modular data center solutions for $149.5 million. Vertiv believes this acquisition gives
 
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it a unique opportunity to accelerate efforts in the commercial and industrial segments while expanding capabilities and growing its presence in the data center space.
On February 1, 2018, Vertiv acquired Geist, a leading manufacturer of rack power distribution units, intelligent power, management, environmental monitoring and infrastructure management solutions for data centers for $123.6 million. During the second quarter of 2018, the acquisition was completed for an additional $2.5 million of cash related to the purchase of additional assets. This acquisition bolsters Vertiv’s efforts to reach key customers in the cloud, collocation and edge spaces.
On the Closing Date, Vertiv Holdings Co (formerly known as GS Acquisition Holdings Corp), consummated its previously announced business combination pursuant to that the Merger Agreement, by and among GSAH, Vertiv Holdings, the Vertiv Stockholder, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub. As contemplated by the Merger Agreement, (1) First Merger Sub merged with and into Vertiv Holdings, with Vertiv Holdings continuing as the surviving entity and (2) immediately following the First Merger and as part of the same overall transaction as the First Merger, Vertiv Holdings merged with and into Second Merger Sub, with Second Merger Sub continuing as the surviving entity and renamed “Vertiv Holdings, LLC.” The Business Combination was approved by GSAH shareholders on February 6, 2020, and on February 10, 2020, the Company announced the completion of the Business Combination. The Company began trading on the New York Stock Exchange beginning on Monday, February 10, 2020.
To further its objective to explore future financing options to optimize its capital structure, on January 31, 2020, Vertiv commenced a process to (i) amend and extend the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and (ii) refinance (a) the indebtedness represented by the Prior Term Loan Facility, (b) the 2022 Senior Notes, (c) the 2024 Senior Notes and (d) the 2024 Senior Secured Notes. In connection with the refinancing process, on January 31, 2020, Vertiv called each of the Prior Notes for conditional redemption on March 2, 2020, in accordance with the respective indentures governing the Prior Notes. In addition, a total of $0.5 million principal amount of 2024 Senior Notes were tendered in the change of control offer made in connection with the Business Combination and were repurchased on February 7, 2020. The refinancing transactions reduce our debt service requirements going forward and extend the maturity profile of our indebtedness.
On the Closing Date and prior to the completion of the refinancing, Vertiv used a portion of the proceeds from the Business Combination, including the PIPE Investment, to repay $176 million of the outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and approximately $1.29 billion of the outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Term Loan Facility.
On March 2, 2020, we completed the refinancing by entering into (i) Amendment No. 5 to the Prior-Asset Based Revolving Credit Agreement, by and among, inter alia, Vertiv Group Intermediate, Vertiv Group, as lead borrower, certain direct and indirect subsidiaries of Vertiv Group, as co-borrowers and guarantors thereunder, various financial institutions from time to time party thereto, as lenders, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Amendment” and, the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement as amended by the Amendment, the “Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility”), which Amendment extended the maturity of, and made certain other modifications to, the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and (ii) the Term Loan Credit Agreement, with the borrowings thereunder used to repay or redeem, as applicable, in full the Prior Term Loan Facility and the Prior Notes. The Amendment, among other changes, extended the maturity to March 2, 2025 and lowered the applicable margin on loans thereunder by 0.25%.
As of June 30, 2020, the term loan under the Term Loan Facility bears annual interest at LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 3.0% (3.18% all-in), which applicable margin is 1.0% lower than under the previous term loan.
Concurrently with the closing of the Term Loan Facility, Vertiv Group executed interest rate swaps on a notional amount of $1,200.0 million in 2020, and $1,000.0 million in the remaining tenor of the term loan under the Term Loan Facility. Combined with the economics of the Term Loan Facility, this results in an all-in rate at June 30, 2020 of approximately 4.1%. The swap transactions exchange floating Term Loan Facility interest payments for fixed rate interest payments on the notional amount to reduce interest rate volatility.
 
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On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization designated the outbreak of the novel strain of coronavirus, known as COVID-19, as a global pandemic. Governments and businesses around the world have taken actions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, including but not limited to, shelter-in-place orders, quarantines, significant restrictions on travel, as well as restrictions that prohibit many employees from going to work. To date, COVID-19 has surfaced in nearly all regions around the world and has impacted our sales channels, supply chain, manufacturing operations, workforce, and other key aspects of our operations. The outbreak and preventive measures taken to help curb the spread had an adverse impact on our operations and business results for the six months ended June 30, 2020. We continue to monitor the rapidly evolving situation and guidance from international and domestic authorities, including federal, state and local public health authorities and may take additional actions based on their recommendations; however, there are numerous uncertainties, including with respect to: the duration and severity of the pandemic, actions that may be taken by governmental authorities, including preventing or curtailing the operations of our plants, the potential impact on global economic activity, global supply chain operations, our employees, and our customers, supplier and end-markets, and other consequences that could negatively impact our business. We also face the possibility that government policies may become more restrictive especially if COVID-19 transmission rates increase in certain areas. As a result of these numerous uncertainties, we are unable to specifically predict the extent and length of time the COVID-19 pandemic will negatively impact our business. COVID-19 had an adverse impact on our operations and business results for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as set forth in our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019 as described under “Results of operations” below, and we expect that COVID-19 could continue to have a materially adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and liquidity for at least the duration of 2020. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — Our Business, Results of Operations, Financial Position, Cash Flows and Liquidity Have Been and Could Continue to be Adversely Affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic or Other Similar Outbreaks.”
Basis of Presentation
On October 31, 2017, Vertiv completed the disposition of ASCO Power to Schneider Electric USA, Inc. for net proceeds of $1,250.0 million. In November 2017, the net proceeds from the disposition of ASCO Power were utilized to (i) make a $500.0 million prepayment on the Prior Term Loan Facility, (ii) pay approximately $108.0 million of consent and related fees to lenders under the Prior Term Loan Facility and holders of the 2024 Senior Notes and 2022 Senior Notes and (iii) pay a $600.0 million cash dividend to Vertiv Holdings. In addition, in connection with the closing of this sale, Vertiv amended the Prior Term Loan Facility to permit the dividend described above. Following the announcement of Vertiv’s agreement to sell its ASCO Power critical power business on July 27, 2017, the results of operations of that business are included in the net earnings (loss) from discontinued operations — net of income taxes for all periods presented (refer to Note 4 in Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus).
Results of operations
Six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to six months ended June 30, 2019
Six months ended June, 30,
(Dollars in millions)
2020
2019
$ Change
% Change
Net sales
$ 1,903.0 $ 2,188.9 $ (285.9) (13.)%
Cost of sales
1,269.6 1,474.6 (205.0) (13.9)%
Gross profit
633.4 714.3 (80.9) (11.3)%
Selling, general & administrative expenses
491.2 549.7 (58.5) (10.6)%
Loss on extinguishment of debt
174.0 174.0 100%
Other deductions, net
83.8 67.0 16.8 25.1%
Earnings from continuing operations before interest & income
taxes
(115.6) 97.6 (213.2) (218.4)%
Interest expense, net
99.1 156.4 (57.3) (36.6)%
Income tax expense
28.0 34.5 (6.5) (18.8)%
 
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Six months ended June, 30,
(Dollars in millions)
2020
2019
$ Change
% Change
Net loss from continuing operations
$ (242.7) $ (93.3) $ (149.4) 160.1%
Overview
Our net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020 (“6M 2020”) were $ 1,903.0 million, a decrease of $285.9 million, or 13.1 percent, compared with $2,188.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 (“6M 2019”). There was net loss from continuing operations of $242.7 million in 6M 2020, compared to a net loss of $93.3 million in 6M 2019 as a result of the combination of the variances discussed below.
Net Sales
Our net sales for 6M 2020 were $1,903.0 million, a decrease of $285.9 million, or 13.1 percent, compared with $2,188.9 million in 6M 2019. The decrease in sales was primarily driven by negative volume due to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional decreases were related to the timing of large projects and negative impacts of foreign currency. Critical infrastructure & solutions sales decreased $231.7 million, including the negative impacts from foreign currency of $32.3 million. Services & spares sales decreased $21.0 million, including the negative impacts from foreign currency of $9.5 million. Integrated rack solutions sales decreased $33.2 million, including the negative impacts of foreign currency of $6.2 million.
Excluding intercompany sales, net sales were $951.4 million in the Americas, $546.7 million in Asia Pacific and $404.9 million in EMEA. Movements in net sales by segment and offering are each detailed in the Business Segments section below.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales were $1,296.6 million in 6M 2020, a decrease of $205.0 million, or 13.9 percent, compared to 6M 2019. The decrease in cost of sales was primarily due to the flow-through impact of lower net sales volume resulting from the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic, offset by the carryover benefit of pricing, purchasing improvements and manufacturing productivity actions executed in 2019. Gross profit was $633.4 million in 6M 2020, or 33.3 percent of sales, compared to $714.3 million, or 32.6 percent of sales in 6M 2019.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) were $491.2 million in 6M 2020, a decrease of $58.5 million, or 10.6 percent, compared to 6M 2019. SG&A as a percentage of sales were 25.8 percent in 6M 2020, a 0.7 percentage point increase compared with 25.1 percent in 6M 2019. The decrease in SG&A is primarily the result of fixed cost reduction actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including discretionary spending cuts, suspension of merit increases and implementation of a global furlough program. In addition, there was lower spending related to transformation initiatives to improve operational efficiency, digital project implementation costs and other transition costs.
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt
The loss on extinguishment of debt in 6M 2020 represents costs incurred in the refinancing and pay down of the Company’s long-term debt. The loss includes $99.0 million write-off of deferred financing fees and $75.0 million early redemption premium on high interest notes, for a total refinancing cost of $174.0 million.
Other Deductions, Net
Other deductions, net, were $83.8 million in 6M 2020, an increase of $16.8 million, or 25.1 percent, compared with 6M 2019. The increase is primarily due to a write-off of capitalized software and higher foreign currency losses, partially offset by a reduction of restructuring costs as certain transformation activities reached completion.
 
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Earnings from Continuing Operations Before Interest & Income Taxes
Loss from continuing operations before interest & income taxes in 6M 2020 was $115.6 million, a decrease in earnings of $213.2 million when compared to earnings of $97.6 million in 6M 2019. On a segment basis, earnings from continuing operations before interest & income taxes (“EBIT”) was $157.0 million in the Americas, $58.1 million in Asia Pacific, and $35.7 million in EMEA. Corporate expenses were $366.4 million in 6M 2020, including the loss on extinguishment of debt of $174.0 million and implementation of cost reduction initiatives, digital project implementation costs, costs that support global product platform development, and costs related to Business Combination. See “Business Segments” below for additional details.
Interest expense
Interest expense, net, was $99.1 million in 6M 2020 compared to $156.4 million in 6M 2019. The $57.3 million decrease is primarily due to the reduction in outstanding borrowings resulting from the Business Combination, and lower interest rates secured through the refinancing transactions, offset by an increase of $16.2 million due to accretion on the Tax Receivable Agreement.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $28.0 million in 6M 2020 versus $34.5 million in 6M 2019. The effective rate in 6M 2020 is primarily influenced by the mix of income between our U.S. and non-U.S. operations, changes in valuation allowance for U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions, the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“the Act”), remeasurement and legislative changes impacting the indefinite reinvestment liability, discrete changes in certain non-US valuation allowances and changes in the liability for uncertain tax positions. For the 6M 2019, income tax expense was primarily influenced by the impact of the GILTI provisions of the Act and the mix of income between our U.S. and non-U.S. operations which was offset by changes in valuation allowance for U.S. federal purposes. The year to date 2020 tax expense is lower than 6M 2019 primarily due to lower operating performance during the quarter ended June 30, 2020 where the Company has profitable operations and discrete tax adjustments recorded during the periods.
Business Segments
The following is detail of business segment results for 6M 2020 and 6M 2019. Segment profitability is defined as earnings before interest and income taxes. Segment margin represents segment earnings expressed as a percentage of segment net sales. For reconciliations of segment net sales and earnings to the Company’s consolidated results, see Note 14 — Segment Information, of Vertiv Holdings’ condensed consolidated financial statements. Segment net sales are presented excluding intercompany sales.
Americas
(Dollars in millions)
June 30 , 2020
June 30 , 2019
$ Change
% Change
Net sales
$ 951.4 $ 1,129.7 $ (178.3) (15.8)%
Earnings before interest and taxes
157.0 188.1 (31.1) (16.5)%
Margin
16.5% 16.7%
Americas net sales of $951.4 million in 6M 2020 represented a decrease of $178.3 million, or 15.8 percent from 6M 2019. Sales decreases were primarily due to the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic and timing of critical infrastructure & solutions project demand from hyperscale and colocation customers. Net sales decreased for all offering categories, represented by declines in critical infrastructure & solutions of $160.4 million, services & spares of $2.2 million, and integrated rack solutions of $15.7 million. Additionally, Americas net sales were negatively impacted by foreign currency by approximately $15.9 million.
Earnings before interest and taxes in 6M 2020 was $157.0 million, a decrease of $31.1 million compared with 6M 2019. Margin declined 0.2 percentage points, mainly due to the impact of deleveraging, but was partially offset by contribution margin improvements (mix, operations productivity, and pricing).
 
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Asia Pacific
(Dollars in millions)
June 30 , 2020
June 30 , 2019
$ Change
% Change
Net sales
$ 546.7 $ 582.3 $ (35.6) (6.1)%
Earnings before interest and taxes
58.1 66.6 (8.5) (12.8)%
Margin
10.6% 11.4%
Asia Pacific net sales were $546.7 million in 6M 2020, a decrease of $35.6 million, or 6.1 percent from 6M 2019. Sales decreases were primarily due to the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by improvements in wind power and large data center projects. Net sales decreased in all offering categories, represented by declines in critical infrastructure & solutions sales of $17.6 million, services & spares of $7.2 million, and integrated rack solutions of $10.8 million. Additionally, Asia Pacific net sales were negatively impacted by foreign currency by approximately $19.7 million.
Earnings before interest and taxes were $58.1 million in 6M 2020, a decrease of $8.5 million compared with 6M 2019. Margin declined 0.8 percentage points due to volume declines, partially offset by COVID-19 pandemic related actions to reduce fixed costs, including reduction in discretionary spend.
Europe, Middle East & Africa
(Dollars in millions)
June 30 , 2020
June 30 , 2019
$ Change
% Change
Net sales
$ 404.9 $ 476.9 $ (72.0) (15.1)%
Earnings before interest and taxes
35.7 37.3 (1.6) (4.3)%
Margin
8.8% 7.8%
EMEA net sales were $404.9 million in 6M 2020, a decrease of $72.0 million, or 15.1 percent from 6M 2019. Sales decreases were primarily due to the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic and project timing. Net sales decreased in all offering categories, represented by declines in critical infrastructure & solutions sales of $53.7 million, services & spares of $11.6 million, and integrated rack solutions of $6.7 million. Additionally, EMEA net sales were negatively impacted by foreign currency by approximately $12.4 million.
Earnings before interest and taxes was $35.7 million in 6M 2020, an decrease of $1.6 million compared with 6M 2019. Margin improved 1.0 percentage points primarily as a result of benefits from prior year restructuring programs and COVID-19 pandemic related actions to reduce fixed costs, partially offset by volume declines.
Vertiv Corporate and Other
Corporate and other costs include costs associated with our headquarters located in Columbus, Ohio, as well as centralized global functions including Finance, Treasury, Risk Management, Strategy & Marketing, Digital, Legal, and global product platform development and offering management. Corporate and other costs were $366.4 million and $194.4 million in 6M 2020 and 6M 2019, respectively. The $172.0 million increase in corporate and other expenses in 6M 2020 versus the comparable period was primarily due to the loss on extinguishment of debt of $174.0 million, as described in Note 6 — Debt of Vertiv Holdings’ condensed consolidated financial statements.
Year ended December 31, 2019 compared to year ended December 31, 2018
(Dollars in millions)
2019
2018
$ Change
% Change
Net sales
$ 4,431.2 $ 4,285.6 $ 145.6 3.4%
Cost of sales
2,978.2 2,865.2 113.0 3.9%
Gross profit
1,453.0 1,420.4 32.6 2.3%
Selling, general & administrative expenses
1,100.8 1,223.8 (123.0) (10.1)%
Other deductions, net
146.1 178.8 (32.7) (18.3)%
 
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(Dollars in millions)
2019
2018
$ Change
% Change
Earnings from continuing operations before interest & income taxes
206.1 17.8 188.3 1,057.9%
Interest expense, net
310.4 288.8 21.6 7.5%
Income tax expense
36.5 49.9 (13.4) (26.9)%
Loss from continuing operations
$ (140.8) $ (320.9) $ 180.1 (56.1)%
Overview
Our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2019 (“2019”) were $4,431.2 million, an increase of 3.4 percent from the same period in the prior year. There was a net loss from continuing operations of $140.8 million in 2019 compared to a net loss from continuing operations of $320.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 (“2018”). The decrease in net loss from continuing operations in 2019 is a result of the combination of the variances discussed below.
Net Sales
Net sales were $4,431.2 million in 2019, an increase of $145.6 million, or 3.4 percent, compared with $4,285.6 million in 2018. By offering, critical infrastructure and solutions sales increased $180.8 million inclusive of negative impacts from foreign currency of $56.0 million. Service and software solutions sales increased $22.8 million including the negative impacts from foreign currency of $29.0 million. Integrated rack solutions sales decreased $58.0 million partially due to the negative impacts of foreign currency of $13.0 million and unfavorable product mix.
Excluding intercompany sales, net sales were $2,229.1 million in the Americas, $1,278.0 million in Asia Pacific and $924.1 million in EMEA. Movements in net sales by segment and offering are each detailed in the Business Segments section below.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales were $2,978.2 million in 2019, an increase of $113.0 million, or 3.9 percent compared to 2018. The increase in cost of sales was primarily due to the flow-through impact of higher net sales volume. Gross profit was $1,453.0 million in 2019, or 32.8 percent of sales, compared to $1,420.4 million, or 33.1 percent of sales in 2018.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A were $1,100.8 million in 2019, a decrease of 123.0 million compared to 2018. SG&A as a percentage of sales were 24.8 percent in 2019, a 3.8 percentage point decrease compared with 28.6 percent in 2018. The primary driver behind the decrease in SG&A was lower spending related to transformation initiatives to improve operational efficiency, digital project implementation costs, transition costs, and discretionary spending cuts.
Other Deductions, Net
Other deductions, net, were $146.1 million in 2019, a decrease of $32.7 million, or 18.3 percent, compared with 2018. The decrease is primarily due to a reduction of restructuring costs as certain transformation activities reached completion and less amortization expense due to the certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized.
Earnings from Continuing Operations Before Interest & Income Taxes
Earnings from continuing operations before interest & income taxes in 2019 was $206.1 million, an increase of $188.3 million when compared to earnings of $17.8 million in 2018. On a segment basis, EBIT was $354.3 million in the Americas, $150.0 million in Asia Pacific, and $64.3 million in EMEA. Corporate expenses were $362.5 million in 2019, primarily consisting of implementation of cost reduction initiatives,
 
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digital project implementation costs, and costs that support global product platform development. See “— Business Segments” below for further details.
Interest expense
Interest expense, net, was $310.4 million in 2019 compared to $288.8 million in 2018. The $21.6 million increase is primarily due to increased floating interest rates on the Prior Term Loan Facility, the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement, and the 2024 Senior Notes issued in the second quarter of 2019.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $36.5 million in 2019 versus $49.9 million in 2018. The effective rate in 2019 is primarily influenced by the mix of income between our U.S. and non-U.S. operations, changes in valuation allowance for U.S. federal purposes, the GILTI provisions of the Act, and additional reserves for uncertain tax positions. For 2018, income tax expense was primarily influenced by the impact of the GILTI provisions of the Act and the mix of income between our U.S. and non-U.S. operations which was offset by changes in valuation allowance for U.S. federal purposes.
Business Segments
The following is detail of business segment results for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Segment profitability is defined as earnings before interest and income taxes. Segment margin represents segment earnings expressed as a percentage of segment net sales. For reconciliations of segment net sales and earnings to the Company’s consolidated results, see Note 17 — Segment Information, of Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements. Segment net sales are presented excluding intercompany sales.
Americas
(Dollars in millions)
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
$ Change
% Change
Net sales
$ 2,229.1 $ 2,145.7 $ 83.4 3.9%
Earnings before interest and taxes
354.3 301.0 53.3 17.7%
Margin
15.9% 14.0%
Americas net sales were $2,229.1 million in 2019, an increase of $83.4 million, or 3.9 percent from 2018. By offering, net sales increased primarily due to increased critical infrastructure and solutions sales of $109.0 million and increased services and spares sales of $9.6 million, offset by a $35.2 million decrease in Integrated rack solutions. Additionally, Americas net sales were negatively impacted by foreign currency by approximately $12.0 million.
Earnings before interest and taxes in 2019 was $354.3 million, an increase of $53.3 million compared with 2018. Margin improved 1.9 percentage points from the benefit of pricing, volume leverage, and fixed cost control.
Asia Pacific
(Dollars in millions)
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
$ Change
% Change
Net sales
$ 1,278.0 $ 1,244.2 $ 33.8 2.7%
Earnings before interest and taxes
150.0 136.6 13.4 9.8%
Margin
11.7% 11.0%
Asia Pacific net sales were $1,278.0 million in 2019, an increase of $33.8 million, or 2.7 percent from 2018. By offering, net sales increased primarily due to increased critical infrastructure and solutions sales of $39.3 million. This increase was partially offset by a decrease services and spares of $3.1 million and in Integrated rack solutions of $2.4 million. Additionally, Asia Pacific net sales were negatively impacted by foreign currency by approximately $41.0 million.
 
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Earnings before interest and taxes were $150.0 million in 2019, an increase of $13.4 million compared with 2018. Margin increased 0.7 percentage points due to managing fixed costs to drive leverage benefit and increased sales volume in China.
Europe, Middle East & Africa
(Dollars in millions)
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
$ Change
% Change
Net sales
$ 924.1 $ 895.7 $ 28.4 3.2%
Earnings before interest and taxes
$ 64.3 $ 29.8 $ 34.5 115.8%
Margin
7.0% 3.3%
EMEA net sales were $924.1 million in 2019, an increase of $28.4 million, or 3.2 percent from 2018. By offering, net sales increased primarily due to increased critical infrastructure and solutions sales of $32.5 million and services and spares of $16.3 million, partially offset by a decrease in Integrated rack solutions of $20.4 million. Additionally, EMEA net sales were negatively impacted by foreign currency by approximately $45.0 million.
Earnings before interest and taxes was $64.3 million in 2019, an increase of $34.5 million compared with 2018. Margin improved 3.7 percentage points primarily as a result of prior operational initiatives materializing in current results, continued management of fixed costs, and volume leverage benefit.
Vertiv Corporate and Other
Corporate and other costs include costs associated with our headquarters located in Columbus, Ohio, as well as centralized global functions including Finance, Treasury, Risk Management, Strategy & Marketing, Digital, Legal, and global product platform development and offering management. Corporate and other costs were $362.5 million and $449.6 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively. The $87.1 million decrease in corporate and other expenses in 2019 versus the comparable prior year was primarily the result of decreased expenses related to transition costs and operational initiatives.
Year ended December 31, 2018 compared to year ended December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
2018
2017
$ Change
% Change
Net sales
$ 4,285.6 $ 3,879.4 $ 406.2 10.5%
Cost of sales
2,865.2 2,566.8 298.4 11.6%
Gross profit
1,420.4 1,312.6 107.8 8.2%
Selling, general & administrative expenses
1,223.8 1,086.0 137.8 12.7%
Other deductions, net
178.8 254.4 (75.6) (29.7)%
Income (loss) from continuing operations before interest & income taxes
17.8 (27.8) 45.6 (164.0)%
Interest expense, net
288.8 379.3 (90.5) (23.9)%
Income tax expense (benefit)
49.9 (19.7) 69.6 (353.3)%
Loss from continuing operations
$ (320.9) $ (387.4) $ 66.5 (17.2)%
Overview
Net sales for 2018 were $4,285.6 million, an increase of 10.5 percent from the same period in the prior year. There was a net loss from continuing operations of $320.9 million in 2018 compared to a net loss from continuing operations of $387.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017”). The decrease in net loss from continuing operations in 2018 is a result of the combination of the variances discussed below.
Net sales
Net sales were $4,285.6 million in 2018, an increase of $406.2 million, or 10.5 percent, compared with $3,879.4 million in 2017. By offering, critical infrastructure and solutions sales increased $314.8 million
 
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primarily due to the Energy Labs acquisition which increased sales $117.8 million. Service and software solutions sales increased $60.1 million, including positive impacts from purchase accounting of $17.6 million. Integrated rack solutions sales increased $30.7 million, partially from the Geist acquisition which increased sales by $76.2 million, offset by lower sales in the Americas and EMEA.
By segment, prior to intersegment elimination, 2018 net sales were $2,175.6 million in the Americas, $1,346.9 million in Asia Pacific and $938.0 million in EMEA. Movements in net sales by segment and offering are each presented prior to eliminating intersegment sales and are detailed in the “— Business segments” section below.
Cost of sales
Cost of sales were $2,865.2 million in 2018, an increase of $298.4 million, or 11.6 percent compared to 2017. The increase in cost of sales was primarily due to the flow-through impact of higher net sales volume and inflationary cost pressure in both materials and freight. Gross profit was $1,420.4 million in 2018, or 33.1 percent of sales, compared to $1,312.6 million, or 33.8 percent of sales in 2017.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
SG&A were $1,223.8 million in 2018, an increase of $137.8 million compared to 2017. SG&A as a percentage of sales were 28.5 percent in 2018, a 0.5 percentage point increase compared with 28.0 percent in 2017. The primary driver behind the increase in SG&A was due to spending to establish the business as a stand-alone company (primarily related to I.T.), as well as initiatives to improve operational efficiency.
Other deductions, net
Other deductions, net, were $178.8 million in 2018, a decrease of $75.6 million, or 29.7 percent, compared with 2017. The decrease is primarily due to lower amortization of intangibles.
Income (loss) from continuing operations before interest & income taxes
Income from continuing operations before interest & income taxes in 2018 was $17.8 million, an increase of $45.6 million when compared to a loss of $27.8 million in 2017. On a segment basis, EBIT was $301.0 million in the Americas, $136.6 million in Asia Pacific, and $29.8 million in EMEA. Corporate expenses were $449.6 million in 2018 due to transition/integration costs associated with standing up the business and implementation of cost reduction initiatives. See “— Business segments” below for further details.
Interest expense
Interest expense, net, was $288.8 million in 2018 compared to $379.3 million in 2017. The $90.5 million decrease is primarily due to the 2017 payment of consent fees associated with amending the Prior Term Loan Facility.
Income taxes
Income tax expense was $49.9 million in 2018 versus a benefit of $19.7 million in 2017. The 2018 taxes are higher than 2017 primarily due to the impact of the GILTI provisions of the Act and the mix of income between Vertiv’s U.S. and non-U.S. operations which is offset by changes in valuation allowance for U.S. federal purposes. The 2017 result was affected primarily by the recognition of a valuation allowance for U.S. federal and state purposes and certain non-U.S. jurisdictions, the impact of the Act, changes in uncertain tax positions, withholding taxes on repatriation of earnings, and other payments made between affiliates.
Business segments
The following is detail of business segment results for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Segment net sales are presented prior to eliminating intersegment sales. Segment earnings are defined as earnings before interest and income taxes. Segment margin represents segment earnings expressed as a percentage of segment net sales. For reconciliations of segment net sales and earnings to Vertiv’s consolidated results, see Note 17 to Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements.
 
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Beginning with the first quarter of 2019, the segment performance measure excludes certain costs that support global product platform development and digital as a result of a change in the way Vertiv’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the performance of operations, develops strategy and allocates capital resources. Such costs are now included in Corporate and other. Vertiv also revised sales by product and service offering categories during the first quarter of 2019. As such, the segment earnings before interest and income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and related analysis, have been restated below to conform with the 2019 presentation and analysis.
Americas
(Dollars in millions)
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$ Change
% Change
Net sales
$ 2,175.6 $ 1,886.7 $ 288.9 15.3%
Earnings before interest and taxes
301.0 241.8 59.2 24.5%
Margin
13.8% 12.8%
Americas net sales were $2,175.6 million in 2018, an increase of $288.9 million, or 15.3 percent from 2017. By offering, net sales increased primarily due to increased critical infrastructure and solutions sales of $224.4 million, primarily due to the Energy Labs acquisition which increased sales by $117.8 million. Service and software solutions sales increased $13.8 million, including positive impacts from purchase accounting of $17.6 million year-over-year. Integrated rack solutions sales increased $45.5 million, primarily from the Geist acquisition.
Earnings before interest and taxes in 2018 was $301.0 million, an increase of $59.2 million compared with 2017. Margin improved 1.0 percentage points from the benefit of cost reduction actions, decreased intangible amortization, and earnings from the acquisitions.
Asia Pacific
(Dollars in millions)
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$ Change
% Change
Net sales
$ 1,346.9 $ 1,239.5 $ 107.4 8.7%
Earnings before interest and taxes
136.6 64.2 72.4 112.8%
Margin
10.1% 5.2%
Asia Pacific net sales were $1,346.9 million in 2018, an increase of $107.4 million, or 8.7 percent from 2017. This increase includes unfavorable impacts from foreign currency of $6.0 million. All offerings experienced increases as there was an increase in customer capital spending within the Colocation/Hyperscale space on large data center projects.
Earnings before interest and taxes were $136.6 million in 2018, an increase of $72.4 million compared with 2017. Margin improved 4.9 percentage points on savings from previous cost reduction actions, lower amortization expense, and volume increases.
Europe, Middle East & Africa
(Dollars in millions)
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
$ Change
% Change
Net sales
$ 938.0 $ 918.1 $ 19.9 2.2%
Earnings before interest and taxes
29.8 45.4 (15.6) (34.4)%
Margin
3.2% 4.9%
EMEA net sales were $938.0 million in 2018, an increase of $19.9 million, or 2.2 percent from 2017. This increase includes favorable impacts from foreign currency of $17.0 million. Additionally, the favorable impacts of the acquisition of Geist and current year impact of purchase accounting were offset by volume decreases due to changes in customer timing mainly in the Integrated rack solutions offering.
 
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Loss before interest and taxes was $29.8 million in 2018, a decrease of $15.6 million compared with 2017. Margin decreased 1.7 percentage points primarily due to changes in intercompany transfer pricing.
Vertiv Corporate and Other
Corporate and other costs include costs associated with Vertiv’s headquarters located in Columbus, Ohio, as well as centralized global functions including Finance, Treasury, Risk Management, Strategy & Marketing, IT, global product platform development, and Legal. Corporate and other costs were $449.6 million and $379.2 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively. The $70.4 million increase in corporate and other expenses in 2018 versus 2017 was primarily the result of increased expenses related to digital project implementation costs.
Capital resources and liquidity
Vertiv’s primary future cash needs relate to working capital, operating activities, capital spending, strategic investments and debt service. During 2016, the Company issued $750.0 million of 2024 Senior Notes and entered into the $2,320.0 million Prior Term Loan Facility and the $400.0 million Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility as described in the notes to Vertiv’s consolidated financial statements. During 2017, Vertiv issued $500.0 of 2022 Senior Notes, made partial prepayments of $575.0 million and borrowed an incremental $325.0 million on the Prior Term Loan Facility, reducing the outstanding principal amount to $2,070.0 million.
During May 2019, Vertiv issued $120.0 million of 2024 Senior Secured Notes which were subject to a springing maturity to November 15, 2021 if the 2022 Senior Notes were not repaid, redeemed or discharged, or the maturity with respect thereto was not otherwise extended, on or prior to November 15, 2021.
To further its objective to explore future financing options to optimize its capital structure, on January 31, 2020, Vertiv commenced a process to (i) amend and extend the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and (ii) refinance (a) the indebtedness represented by the Prior Term Loan Facility, (b) the 2022 Senior Notes, (c) the 2024 Senior Notes and (d) the 2024 Senior Secured Notes. In connection with the refinancing process, on January 31, 2020, Vertiv called each of the Prior Notes for conditional redemption on March 2, 2020, in accordance with the respective indentures governing the Prior Notes. In addition, a total of $0.5 million principal amount of 2024 Senior Notes were tendered in the change of control offer made in connection with the Business Combination and were repurchased on February 7, 2020.
On the Closing Date and prior to the completion of the refinancing, Vertiv used a portion of the proceeds from the Business Combination, including the PIPE Investment, to repay $176 million of the outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and approximately $1.29 billion of the outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Term Loan Facility.
On March 2, 2020, we completed the refinancing by entering into (i) the Amendment, which Amendment extended the maturity of the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility to March 2, 2025 and made certain other modifications to the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and (ii) the Term Loan Credit Agreement, providing for a new seven-year $2.2 billion term loan, with the borrowings thereunder used to repay or redeem, as applicable, in full the Prior Term Loan Facility and the Prior Notes. The refinancing transactions reduce our debt service requirements going forward and extend the maturity profile of our indebtedness.
The Amendment, among other changes, extended the maturity to March 2, 2025 and lowered the applicable margin on loans thereunder by 0.25%. As of June 30, 2020, the term loan under the Term Loan Facility bears annual interest at LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 3.0% (3.18% all-in), which applicable margin is 1.0% lower than under the previous term loan.
Concurrently with the closing of the Term Loan Facility, Vertiv Group executed interest rate swaps on a notional amount of $1,200.0 million in 2020, and $1,000.0 million in the remaining tenor of the term loan under the Term Loan Facility. Combined with the economics of the Term Loan Facility, this results in an all-in rate at June 30, 2020 of approximately 4.1%. The swap transactions exchange floating Term Loan Facility interest payments for fixed rate interest payments on the notional amount to reduce interest rate volatility.
 
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In addition to the cash inflow generated from the closing of the Business Combination, we believe that net cash provided by operating activities, augmented by long-term debt arrangements and the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility, will provide adequate near-term liquidity for the next 12 months of independent operations, as well as the resources necessary to invest for growth in existing businesses and manage our capital structure on a short- and long-term basis. We expect to continue to opportunistically access the capital markets and financing markets from time to time. Access to capital and the availability of financing on acceptable terms in the future will be affected by many factors, including our credit rating, economic conditions, and the overall liquidity of capital markets. There can be no assurance that we will continue to have access to capital markets on acceptable terms.
At June 30, 2020, we had $369.7 million in cash and cash equivalents, which includes amounts held outside of the U.S., primarily in Europe and Asia. Non-U.S. cash is generally available for repatriation without legal restrictions, subject to certain taxes, mainly withholding taxes. We are not asserting indefinite reinvestment of cash or outside basis for our non-U.S. subsidiaries due to the outstanding debt obligations in instances where alternative repatriation options other than dividends are not available. Our Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility provides for up to $455.0 million of revolving borrowings with a sublimit for letters of credit, swingline borrowings and an uncommitted accordion of up to $145.0 million. As of June 30, 2020, we had borrowing availability of $164.9 million under the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility, after giving effect to $20.3 million of outstanding letters of credit and the borrowing base limitations set forth in our Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility.
As we strive to maintain fixed costs constant in the year ending December 31, 2021, we anticipate announcing restructuring activities during the third quarter which could drive a $50 – $70 million reduction in fixed costs plus additional variable cost benefit. We estimate cash costs of $50 – $70 million including capital to realize these benefits, and we will evaluate these cash costs for a likely restructuring reserve to be recorded in the third quarter of 2020. While specific timing of cash needs is yet to be determined, it will likely begin in the fourth quarter of 2020 and continue through the end of the year ending December 31, 2021.
Long-term debt obligations
There is a discussion in Note 6 — Debt of Vertiv Holdings’ condensed consolidated financial statements and Note 7 — Debt and Note 20 — Subsequent Events of Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements of the long-term debt arrangements issued by Vertiv with certain subsidiaries named as guarantors or co-borrowers.
Cash flows
Six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to six months ended June 30, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
6M
2020
6M
2019
$ Change
% Change
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities
$ (121.7) $ (81.6) $ (40.1) 49.1%
Net cash used for investing activities
(19.4) (28.6) 9.2 (32.2)%
Net cash provided by financing activities
293.5 4.9 288.6 5,889.8%
Capital expenditures
(13.2) (23.0) 9.8 (42.6)%
Investments in capitalized software
(6.2) (10.6) 4.4 (41.5)%
Net Cash provided by (used for) Operating Activities
Net cash used for operating activities was $121.7 million in 6M 2020, a $40.1 million decrease in cash generation compared to 6M 2019. The decline in cash generation was primarily driven by a use of working capital from higher seasonal inventory build, a higher net loss from operations, higher bonus payouts, and transaction costs.
Net Cash used for Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities was $19.4 million in 6M 2020 compared to net cash used for investing activities of $28.6 million in 6M 2019. The lower use of cash over the comparable period was primarily the result of reduced capital expenditures.
 
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Net Cash provided by Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $293.5 million in 6M 2020 compared to $4.9 million of cash generated in 6M 2019. The increase in cash generation was primarily driven by net borrowing on the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility of $125.1 million in 6M 2020, as compared to a net payment of $109.3 million in 6M 2019. The remaining net financing activities resulted from the reverse recapitalization and refinancing transactions. Borrowings on the new Term Loan Facility of $2,189.0 million, net of original issuance discount, and proceeds from the reverse recapitalization of $1,832.5 million were offset by the repayment of the Prior Term Loan Facility and Prior Notes as well as a payment made to advisors in connection with the closing of the Business Combination.
Year ended December 31, 2019 compared to year ended December 31, 2018
(Dollars in millions)
2019
2018
$ Change
% Change
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities
$ 57.5 $ (221.9) $ 279.4 (125.9)%
Net cash used for investing activities
(65.3) (207.7) 142.4 (68.6)%
Net cash provided by financing activities
14.8 245.1 (230.3) (94.0)%
Capital expenditures
(47.6) (64.6) 17.0 (26.3)%
Investments in capitalized software
(22.7) (41.2) 18.5 (44.9)%
Net Cash provided by (used for) Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $57.5 million in 2019, a $279.4 million increase in cash generation compared to 2018 due to reduction in net loss and improved cash flows from working capital primarily related to a decrease in inventory and decrease in accounts receivable, which were offset by a decrease in accounts payable due to the timing of receipts and payments.
Net Cash used for Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities was $65.3 million in 2019 compared to net cash used for investing activities of $207.7 million in 2018. The fluctuation was primarily the result of the acquisition of Geist for $124.3 million during the prior year.
Net Cash provided by Financing Activities
Net cash used for financing activities was $14.8 million in 2019 compared to $245.1 million of cash provided in 2018. Vertiv repaid a net $99.4 million under the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility in 2019, compared to a net borrowing of $245.1 million in 2018. In the second quarter of 2019, Vertiv issued $120.0 million of 2024 Senior Secured Notes.
Year ended December 31, 2018 compared to year ended December 31, 2017
(Dollars in millions)
2018
2017
$ Change
% Change
Net cash used for operating activities
$ (221.9) $ (49.6) $ (172.3) 347.4%
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities
(207.7) 1,058.1 (1,265.8) (119.6)%
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities
245.1 (874.1) 1,119.2 (128.0)%
Capital Expenditures
(64.6) (36.7) (27.9) 76.0%
Investments in capitalized software
(41.2) (7.7) (33.5) 435.1%
Net Cash used for Operating Activities
Net cash used for operating activities was $221.9 million in 2018, a $172.3 million increase compared to 2017 due to reduced cash flows from working capital primarily related to an increase in inventory and an increase in accounts receivable, which were partially offset by higher cash flow impacts from accounts payable due to the timing of payments. Additionally, ASCO Power’s operating cash of $62.8 million was included in 2017 results, but not in 2018 results due to its sale.
 
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Net Cash (used for) provided by Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities was $207.7 million in 2018 compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $1,058.1 million in 2017. The decrease is the result of the sale of the critical power business for $1,244.0 million in 2017 offset by acquisitions in both years, including Geist for $124.3 million during the current year and Energy Labs for $149.5 million in the prior year. Capital expenditures were $64.6 million and $36.7 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively, related to property, plant and equipment. Expenditures related to capitalized software were $41.2 million and $7.7 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increase is attributed to I.T. related spending to establish the business as a stand-alone company.
Net Cash provided by (used for) Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $245.1 million in 2018 compared to a use of $874.1 million in 2017. During 2018, Vertiv borrowed a net $245.1 million under the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility based on timing of certain cash payments and receipts. During 2017, Vertiv Holdings paid dividends to Vertiv Holdings of $1,024 million.
Contractual obligations
Vertiv’s contractual obligations, including estimated payments, as of December 31, 2019 are as follows:
Amounts Due By Period
(Dollars in millions)
Total
Less Than
1 Year
1 - 3 years
3 - 5 years
More Than
5 Years
Operating leases
$ 141.8 $ 43.3 $ 55.7 $ 28.6 $ 14.2
Purchase obligations
90.0 48.2 34.3 7.5
The table excludes the liability for unrecognized income tax benefits because we cannot predict with reasonable certainty the timing of cash settlements, if any, with the applicable taxing authorities. At December 31, 2019, the gross liability for unrecognized income tax benefits, including interest and penalties, totaled $40.4 million. If such certain amounts were paid, the Company would pursue a refund from Emerson up to $15.1 million.
Contractual maturities of Vertiv’s debt obligations as of December 31, 2019 are shown below:
Prior Term
Loan
Facility
2024 Senior
Notes
2022 Senior
Notes
Prior
Asset- Based
Revolving
Credit Facility
2024 Senior
Secured
Notes
Total
2020
$ $ $ $ $ $
2021
145.2 145.2
2022
500.0 500.0
2023
2,070.0 2,070.0
2024
750.0 120.0 870.0
Total
$ 2,070.0 $ 750.0 $ 500.0 $ 145.2 $ 120.0 $ 3,585.2
On the Closing Date and prior to the completion of the refinancing, Vertiv used a portion of the proceeds from the Business Combination, including the PIPE Investment, to repay $176 million of the outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and approximately $1.29 billion of the outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Term Loan Facility.
On March 2, 2020, we completed the refinancing by entering into (i) the Amendment, which Amendment extended the maturity of the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility to March 2, 2025 and made certain other modifications to the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and (ii) the Term Loan Credit Agreement, providing for a new seven-year $2.2 billion term loan, with the borrowings thereunder used to repay or redeem, as applicable, in full the Prior Term Loan Facility and the Prior Notes. The refinancing transactions reduce our debt service requirements going forward and extend the maturity profile of our indebtedness.
 
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In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement with the Vertiv Stockholder. The Company has estimated total payments of approximately $191.5 million on an undiscounted basis. There are no payments due under the agreement until 2023. Due to the uncertainty with respect to the timing of future payments, the Tax Receivable Agreement has not been included in the table below.
There have been no material changes outside of the ordinary course of business in our out standing contractual obligations since December 31, 2019 and through June 30, 2020, except for the following changes to our debt obligations:
Term Loan
Facility
Asset-Based
Revolving
Credit
Facility
Short-term
borrowings
Total
2020 $ 11.0 $ $ 20.2 $ 31.2
2021 22.0 22.0
2022 22.0 22.0
2023 22.0 22.0
2024 22.0 22.0
2025 22.0 269.9 291.9
Thereafter 2,073.5 2,073.5
Total $ 2,194.5 $ 269.9 $ 20.2 $ 2,484.6
Off-balance sheet arrangements
Vertiv does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements for any of the periods presented.
Critical accounting policies and estimates
Vertiv’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses and related disclosures. Such estimates are based on historical experience and on various other factors that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these judgments and estimates under different assumptions or conditions and any such differences may be material. Vertiv believes that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates.
Goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets
Assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method and recorded at their respective fair values. Goodwill represents the excess of consideration paid over the net assets acquired and is assigned to the reporting unit that acquires the business. A reporting unit is an operating segment as defined in ASC 280, Segment Reporting, or a business one level below an operating segment if discrete financial information for that business is prepared and regularly reviewed by segment management. Vertiv conducts annual impairment tests of goodwill in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate a reporting unit’s fair value may be less than its carrying value. If an initial assessment indicates it is more likely than not goodwill may be impaired, it is evaluated by comparing the reporting unit’s estimated fair value to its carrying value. If its carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value, goodwill impairment is recognized to the extent that recorded goodwill exceeds the fair value of goodwill. Estimated fair values of the reporting unit are Level 3 measures and are developed under an income approach that discounts estimated future cash flows using risk- adjusted interest rates and also the market approach.
Indefinite lived intangible assets consist of certain trademarks which are also evaluated annually for impairment or upon the occurrence of a triggering event. Impairment is determined to exist when the fair value is less than the carrying value of the assets being tested.
 
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Revenue recognition
Vertiv recognizes revenue from the sale of manufactured products and services when control of promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Control is transferred when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain benefits from the goods or services. The majority of Vertiv’s sales agreements contain performance obligations satisfied at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer. Sales for service contracts, including installation, inventory with no alternative use and an enforceable right of payment upon customer termination and other discrete services, generally are recognized over time as the services are provided. Payments received in advance for service arrangements are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized in net sales when the revenue recognition criteria are met. Unbilled revenue is recorded when performance obligations have been satisfied, but there is not present right to payment.
For agreements with multiple performance obligations, judgment is required to determine whether performance obligations specified in these agreements are distinct and should be accounted for as separate revenue transactions for recognition purposes. In these types of agreements an allocation of sales price to each distinct obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis is made. The majority of revenue from arrangements with multiple performance obligations is recognized when tangible products are delivered, with smaller portions for associated installation and commissioning recognized shortly thereafter. Generally, contract duration is short term, and cancellation, termination or refund provisions apply only in the event of contract breach. These provisions have historically not been invoked.
Payment terms vary by the type and location of the customer and the products or services offered. Revenue from sales have not been adjusted for the effects of a financing component as it is expected that the period between when control of the product is transferred and when payment is received will be one year or less. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected concurrent with revenue are excluded from sales. Vertiv records amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling in a sales transaction as revenue. Shipping and handling costs are treated as fulfillment costs and are included in costs of sales.
Vertiv records reductions to sales for prompt payment discounts, customer and distributor incentives including rebates, and returns at the time of the initial sale. Rebates are estimated based on sales terms, historical experience, trend analysis, and projected market conditions in the various markets served. Returns are estimated at the time of the sale primarily based on historical experience and recorded gross on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Sales commissions are expensed when the amortization period is less than a year and are generally not capitalized as they are typically earned at the completion of the contract when the customer is invoiced or when the customer pays Vertiv. Vertiv typically offers warranties that are consistent with standard warranties in the jurisdictions where Vertiv sells its goods and services. Vertiv’s warranties are generally assurance type warranties for which Vertiv promises that its goods and services meet contract specifications. In limited circumstances, Vertiv sells warranties that extend the warranty coverage beyond the standard coverage offered on specific products. Sales for these separately-priced warranties are recorded based on their stand-alone selling price and are recognized as revenue over the length of the warranty period.
Income taxes
The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach of ASC 740 by jurisdiction on a legal entity by legal entity basis. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid.
Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted rates in effect for the year in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The impact of a change in income tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. The tax carryforwards reflected in Vertiv’s consolidated financial statements have been determined using the separate return method. The tax carryforwards include net operating losses and tax credits.
 
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Vertiv’s extensive operations and the complexity of global tax regulations require assessments of uncertainties in estimating the taxes that will be ultimately paid. Liabilities are recognized for anticipated tax audit uncertainties in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on an estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due.
APB 23 of ASC 740-30 provides guidance that U.S. companies do not need to recognize tax effects on outside basis differences that are indefinitely reinvested. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, Vertiv has provided for U.S. federal income taxes, foreign withholding and other taxes on outside basis differences in certain foreign subsidiaries that are not indefinitely reinvested. Certain earnings in certain foreign affiliates are indefinitely reinvested, but determining the impact of such amounts was not practicable.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk
The market risk inherent in financial instruments represents the potential loss in fair value, earnings or cash flows arising from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices or interest rates. Vertiv may use derivative financial instruments like foreign currency forward contracts to manage exposure to market risks. Vertiv does not use derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.
Vertiv uses derivative instruments to manage exposure to volatility in interest rates on certain debt instruments. Derivative financial instruments used by the Company are straightforward and non-leveraged. The counterparties to these instruments are financial institutions with strong credit ratings. Vertiv maintains control over the size of positions entered into with any one counterparty and regularly monitors the credit rating of these institutions. See Note 11 — Financial Instruments and Risk Management of Vertiv Holdings’ condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information about hedges and derivative financial instruments.
On a regular basis, Vertiv monitors third-party depository institutions that hold its cash and short-term investments, primarily for safety of principal and secondarily for maximizing yield on those funds. The Company diversifies its cash and short-term investments among counterparties to minimize exposure to any one of these entities. Vertiv also monitors the creditworthiness of its customers and suppliers to mitigate any adverse impact.
Foreign exchange rate risk
In the normal course of business, Vertiv is exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates due to its worldwide presence and business profile. Foreign currency exposures relate to transactions denominated in currencies that differ from the functional currencies of its subsidiaries.
As part of Vertiv’s risk management strategy, derivative instruments are selectively used in an effort to minimize the impact of these exposures. Foreign exchange forward contracts are utilized to hedge foreign currency exposures impacting sales or cost of sales transactions, firm commitments, and the fair value of assets and liabilities. All derivatives are associated with specific underlying exposures and Vertiv does not hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. In the aggregate, Vertiv’s portfolio of forward contracts related to such transactions is not material to its financial statements.
Commodity risk
In the normal course of business, Vertiv is exposed to commodity risk based on the products manufactured. Primary commodity exposures are price fluctuations on forecasted purchases of copper and aluminum and related products. As part of the risk management strategy, derivative instruments are selectively used in an effort to minimize the impact of these exposures. All derivative instruments are associated with specific underlying exposures and Vertiv does not hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. In the aggregate, Vertiv’s portfolio of forward contracts related to such transactions is not material to the financial statements.
 
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
This section describes executive compensation of Vertiv’s directors and named executive officers. None of GSAH’s directors or sole executive officer received any cash compensation for services rendered to GSAH for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Vertiv’s “named executive officers” for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 consisted of the following individuals:

Robert Johnson, Chief Executive Officer

David Fallon, Chief Financial Officer

Stephen Liang, President, Asia-Pacific

Jason Forcier, Chief Operations Officer and Executive Vice President of Infrastructure & Solutions

John Hewitt, President of Americas
2019 Compensation Overview and Objectives
Compensation during 2019 was established primarily with the goals of attracting and retaining talented individuals, as well as motivating executives to achieve the greatest possible returns. Vertiv believes that the fixed aspects of its compensation program — including base salary and benefits — enable it to compensate executives at competitive levels, while annual incentive programs allow Vertiv to pay bonuses based on performance and the achievement of corporate financial goals. Finally, Vertiv’s 2017 Transaction Exit Bonus Plan, as described below, is designed to promote executive retention and directly link the amount of compensation paid to executive officers to value growth.
The compensation reported in this compensation discussion and analysis is not necessarily indicative of how we expect to compensate our named executive officers following the consummation of the Business Combination. In connection with the Business Combination, we adopted the Incentive Plan a copy of which is included as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and we expect to further review, evaluate and modify our compensation framework, which may result in future compensation programs that vary significantly from Vertiv’s historical practices.
Determination of Compensation
During 2019, Vertiv’s board of managers (the “Vertiv Board”) was comprised of individuals appointed by our then controlling member, an entity controlled by private investment funds sponsored by affiliates of Platinum Advisors. Certain other subsidiaries of Vertiv also included managers, directors and/or officers that are employees of Platinum Advisors. Platinum Advisors provided certain corporate advisory services to the Vertiv organization during 2019 pursuant to the services agreement that is described in more detail below under “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Vertiv Related Party Transactions.” These services included providing advice in respect of Vertiv’s compensation plans and policies. In connection with setting the compensation for the named executive officers for 2019, Platinum Advisors provided a broad-based overview of current market compensation practices in the industry to the Vertiv Board and the Chief Executive Officer of the Vertiv organization, Mr. Johnson. This advice was based on Platinum Advisors’ prior experience and the compensation programs in place at other companies controlled by affiliates of Platinum Advisors. The Vertiv Board (with respect to Mr. Johnson’s compensation) and Mr. Johnson (with respect to the compensation of the other named executive officers) used this advice as a point of general comparison and did not receive or follow any specific recommendations from Platinum Advisors in setting 2019 compensation. In this regard, in determining the levels and mix of compensation, the Vertiv Board and Mr. Johnson have not generally relied on formulaic guidelines, but rather performed a comprehensive review of each executive’s skills and capabilities and his potential contribution as a member of the executive team. The factors used to determine each executive’s total compensation opportunity for 2019 included:

the executive’s skills and capabilities as they relate to the execution of the executive’s role;
 
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the size and scope of the executive’s role, in particular the criticality of the position and the potential for value creation;

the level and form of compensation that the Vertiv Board and Mr. Johnson determined to be necessary to attract and retain executive leadership familiar with transforming organizations, principally in Vertiv’s industry and at companies with similar size and scope; and

alignment of the executive’s individual financial outcomes with stockholder value creation.
During 2019, the Vertiv Board had no formal, regularly scheduled meetings to set its compensation policy. Instead, the Vertiv Board and Mr. Johnson met as circumstances required from time to time.
The protection of competitive and confidential information and the retention of top talent are of the utmost importance to the Vertiv Board and Mr. Johnson. For this reason, Vertiv’s employment agreements with the named executive officers contain confidentiality, non-compete and non-solicitation provisions. In addition, Messrs. Johnson, Fallon, Forcier and Hewitt, who are each employed in the United States where employment is generally at-will, have provisions in their employment agreements that provide for severance benefits following a qualifying termination of employment, which is intended to alleviate concerns about job security that could affect performance and keep the named executive officers focused on their day to day responsibilities. Estimates of the value of the benefits potentially payable under these agreements, and certain statutory entitlements available to the named executive officers located outside of the United States, that may be triggered upon a termination of employment or a change in control are set out below under the caption “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.”
Neither the Vertiv Board nor Vertiv has made use of compensation consultants or advisors in determining the compensation of the named executive officers in the past, including with respect to 2019 compensation decisions. However, Vertiv engaged Compensia, a national compensation consulting firm, to review and advise on our compensation practices following the Business Combination. Compensia also advised in base salary adjustments made for Mr. Liang, Mr. Forcier and Mr. Hewitt, as discussed below. Our Board intends to use Compensia’s recommendations as one factor in determining the compensation of the named executive officers following the Business Combination. For 2019, the Vertiv Board and Mr. Johnson generally relied on their collective experience, together with the expertise of Platinum Advisors, as well as the Vertiv Board’s perception of current market conditions and analysis of relevant market data, in setting compensation.
Components of Compensation for 2019
The compensation provided to the named executive officers in 2019 consisted of the same elements generally available to Vertiv’s non-executive employees, including base salary, annual incentives, retirement and other benefits. Additionally, certain of the named executive officers participated in medium-term and long-term incentive programs, and received certain perquisites. Each of these elements is described in more detail below.
Base Salary
Vertiv generally established the initial base salaries of the named executive officers through an arm’s-length negotiation at the time of hire, taking into account the executive’s position, responsibilities, qualifications, experience and location, the market for the position and the base salaries of other executive officers. The Vertiv Board generally viewed an appropriate level of base compensation at approximately the median level of market positions. Thereafter, the Vertiv Board and Mr. Johnson (other than with respect to his own compensation) reviewed the base salaries of the executive officers periodically and make adjustments to base salaries as they determine to be necessary or appropriate. The Vertiv Board and Mr. Johnson acknowledge that base salary is one component of a total compensation package that needs to be balanced appropriately for each named executive officer. The following table shows the base salaries in effect as of January 1, 2019 for the named executive officers.
 
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Executive
Annual Salary as of
January 2019
R. Johnson
$950,000
D. Fallon
$575,000
S. Liang
$557,004
J. Forcier
$400,000
J. Hewitt
$450,000
During 2019, the Vertiv Board approved the following salary increases to Messrs. Liang, Forcier and Hewitt. The increases were based on previously budgeted merit increases for Messrs. Liang and Hewitt and a promotion for Mr. Forcier from Executive Vice President Infrastructure & Solutions to the Chief Operations Officer and VP Infrastructure & Solutions.
Executive
Annual Salary as of
December 31, 2018
Salary
Increase (%)
New Annual
Salary
New Salary
Effective Date
S. Liang
$557,004
6%
$590,424
April 1, 2019
J. Forcier
$400,000
25%
$500,000
June 1, 2019
J. Hewitt
$450,000
4%
$468,000
June 24, 2019
Annual Incentive Plan Bonus Opportunities
During 2019, Vertiv established the 2019 Annual Incentive Plan (the “AIP”), pursuant to which certain individuals in senior management roles, including the named executive officers, were eligible to receive a cash bonus for 2019 based on the achievement of designated financial performance criteria.
Cash bonuses are payable pursuant to the AIP, and no bonuses pursuant to the AIP were to be paid unless Vertiv achieved the threshold performance level set for 2019. The Vertiv Board and Mr. Johnson each generally viewed the use of annual cash bonuses as an effective means to compensate the named executive officers for achieving annual financial goals. Vertiv believes that this alignment of incentives and returns ensures that top leaders are focused on value creation in line with Vertiv’s financial success. For 2019, the target bonus opportunities under the AIP for Messrs. Johnson, Forcier, Fallon and Hewitt were equal to a specified percentage of each named executive officer’s base salary, established pursuant to their employment agreements with Vertiv, as set forth below. Mr. Liang’s target bonus opportunity was equal to the dollar amount specified below (see also the information under the heading “Senior Executive Medium-Term Incentive and Retention Agreement — Mr. Liang”).
Named Executive Officer
2019 Target Bonus
Opportunity
(as % of Base Salary)
2019 Annual Target
Bonus Opportunity ($)
R. Johnson
100%
$950,000
D. Fallon
100%
$575,000
S. Liang
N/A
$231,000
J. Forcier (Effective January 1, 2019)
60%
$240,000
J. Forcier (Effective June 1, 2019)
80%
$400,000
J. Hewitt
65%
$292,500
Each participant was eligible to earn 30% of his target AIP bonus upon threshold performance, 100% of his target AIP bonus upon target performance and 150% of his target AIP bonus upon maximum performance. The target AIP bonus levels were set to reflect the executive’s relative responsibility for the Company’s performance and to appropriately allocate the total cash opportunity between base salary and incentive-based compensation.
For 2019, it was determined that a combination of certain performance measures, consisting of total company-wide EBITDAR, controllable cash, SG&A and sales growth. We define these non-GAAP measures below.
 
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EBITDAR” is defined as earnings (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), and depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), adjusted to exclude certain unusual or non-recurring items, certain non-cash items and other items that are not indicative of ongoing operations and further adjusted for constant currency.

Controllable cash” is calculated as the reduction in past due accounts receivable aged 30 days or greater, measured from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019, adjusted for constant currency, plus reduction in GAAP Inventory, net, measured from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019, adjusted for constant currency, minus additions to property, plant, equipment, land and construction in process plus additions to capitalized software net of disposals, adjusted for constant currency, minus adjustments to EBITDA used to calculate adjusted EBITDA, adjusted for constant currency.

SG&A” represents GAAP Selling, General and Administrative expenses, adjusted for constant currency.

Sales growth” represents year over year change in GAAP Net Sales, adjusted for constant currency.
These factors were chosen as the appropriate performance measures to motivate Vertiv’s key executives, including the named executive officers, to both maximize earnings and increase utilization of working capital. The 2019 AIP for Messrs. Johnson, Fallon, Liang, Forcier and Hewitt was structured as shown in the table below.
2019 Annual Incentive Plan Weightings
Executive
Company-wide
EBITDAR
Company-wide
Controllable Cash
Company-wide
SG&A
Company-wide
Sales Growth
R. Johnson
50%
20%
20%
10%
D. Fallon
50%
20%
20%
10%
S. Liang
50%
20%
20%
10%
J. Forcier
50%
20%
20%
10%
J. Hewitt
50%
20%
20%
10%
The following table shows threshold, target, maximum and actual levels of achievement for the metrics for all executives:
Metric
Weighting
Performance
Company-wide
Targets
Sales Growth
10%
Entry
4,299.0
Target
4,389.0
Max
4,479.0
EBITDAR
50%
Entry
520.0
Target
560.1
Max
582.0
Controllable Cash
20%
Entry
(110.8)
Target
(95.8)
Max
(80.9)
SG&A
20%
Entry
(1,039.0)
Target
(1,029.4)
Max
(1,014.0)
In August of 2019, due to company performance through August 2019, management recommended to the Vertiv Board that Vertiv make a prepayment to employees equivalent to 30% of the target payout. Mr. Liang received a payment from the 2018 AIP, and therefore was not included in the early payment. The Vertiv Board approved the payment, and as such, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Fallon, Mr. Forcier and Mr. Hewitt received the following payment:
 
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Executive
30% of Target Payment,
Paid in August 2019
R. Johnson
$ 285,000
D. Fallon
$ 172,500
J. Forcier
$ 110,071
J. Hewitt
$ 89,587
Based on Vertiv’s performance relative to the above targets, NEOs were eligible to receive a payment for the 2019 AIP based on a weighted average payout equal to 115% of their AIP target. The table below sets forth the total 2019 AIP payment for each NEO, which includes the 30% prepayment described above.
Executive
2019 AIP Payout
R. Johnson
$ 1,092,500
D. Fallon
$ 661,250
S. Liang
$ 281,780
J. Forcier
$ 383,123
J. Hewitt
$ 343,102
2019 Transformation Bonus Opportunities
Vertiv’s 2019 Transformation Bonus Plan (the “T-Bonus Plan”) was a short-term cash bonus program developed to incentivize key leadership, including each of the named executive officers, to focus efforts on transformational programs aimed at improving the operational and financial performance of Vertiv as it worked towards becoming a publicly traded company. The T-Bonus Plan measured company performance against predetermined financial metrics in a given year and provided a pool of payouts based on those achievements. Once the pool was funded, the actual payout the named executive officer received was determined by the level of completion of their Objectives & Key Results (“OKRs”), as determined by the CEO. Bonuses earned pursuant to the T-Bonus Plan were paid in one payment in the first quarter following the year for which the financial performance is measured, subject to the participant’s continued employment through the payment date and their OKR performance.
A baseline threshold for company achievement ensured that a minimum level of success is achieved before the T-Bonus Plan is funded. Each executive’s T-Bonus target was equivalent to 100% of their base salary. The T-Bonus Plan is funded at 30% upon achievement of threshold performance and at 100% upon achievement of target performance, with straight-line interpolation between such metrics. The target T-Bonus Plan bonus levels were set to reflect the relative responsibility for the company’s performance and to appropriately allocate the total cash opportunity between base salary and incentive-based compensation pursuant to the T-Bonus Plan and the AIP.
The transformation metrics used to measure performance in 2019 for purposes of the T-Bonus Plan were EBITDAR, Controllable Cash and SG&A. These factors were chosen as the appropriate performance measures to motivate key executives, including the named executive officers, to maximize earnings.
Metric
Weighting
Performance
Company- wide
Targets
EBITDAR
33.34% Entry 520.0
Target 560.1
Max 582.0
Controllable Cash
33.33% Entry (110.8)
Target (95.8)
Max (80.9)
SG&A
33.33% Entry (1,039.0)
Target (1,029.4)
Max (1,014.0)
 
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Based on Vertiv’s performance relative to the above targets, the following NEOs were eligible to receive a payment for the 2019 T-Bonus Plan based on a weighted average payout equal to 128% of their T-Bonus target. The table below sets forth the 2019 T-Bonus payment for each eligible NEO.
Executive
2019 T-Bonus
Payout
R. Johnson
$ 1,216,000
D. Fallon
$ 736,000
J. Forcier
$ 586,696
J. Hewitt
$ 587,520
Senior Executive Medium-Term Incentive and Retention Agreement — Mr. Liang
Vertiv is a party to a 2017 Senior Executive Medium-Term Incentive and Retention Agreement, as adopted effective January 1, 2017, with Mr. Liang (the “Liang Incentive Agreement”), pursuant to which Mr. Liang is eligible to receive a cash incentive award based 50% on the achievement of company-wide EBITDAR targets for the period commencing on January 1, 2018 and ending on December 31, 2018, or the “First Performance Period,” and for the period commencing on January 1, 2019 and ending on December 31, 2019, or the “Second Performance Period,” and 50% on the achievement of APAC EBITDAR targets for each of the First Performance Period and the Second Performance Period. Mr. Liang’s target incentive opportunity for the First Performance Period and Second Performance Period was set at $1.6 million and $800,000, respectively. If achievement of the applicable performance measure during a performance period is in between threshold and target or in between target and maximum levels, the amount earned for the performance period will be determined using straight-line interpolation. Mr. Liang’s incentive award is payable as soon as practicable following December 31, 2019, but in no event later than March 15, 2020, subject to his continued employment through December 31, 2019.
The following table shows the performance and achievement for the first performance period of Mr. Liang’s incentive program, which performance period ended December 31, 2018:
Metric
Weighting
Threshold
Performance
Target
Performance
Maximum
Performance
Actual
Performance
Payout (%)
Company EBITDAR
50%
$548.6 million
$609.6 million
$629.2 million
$502.4 million
0%
APAC EBITDAR
50%
$140.1 million
$155.0 million
$165.0 million
$174.1 million
150%
Payout as a Percent of Target
75%
Based on the above results, Mr. Liang earned $1.2 million with respect to the First Performance Period, which ended December 31, 2018.
The following table shows the performance targets for the second performance period of Mr. Liang’s incentive program, which ended December 31, 2019.
Metric
Weighting
Threshold
Performance
Target
Performance
Maximum
Performance
Company EBITDAR
50%
$700.0 million
$753.8 million
$775.0 million
APAC EBITDAR
50%
$155.0 million
$175.0 million
$185.0 million
Based on Vertiv’s performance relative to the above metrics, Mr. Liang earned an incentive payment based on a weighted average payout equal to 48.3% of his target, or $386,000 with respect to the Second Performance Period.
While the total amount of the bonus payment with respect to the First Performance Period and the Second Performance Period is $1,586,000, pursuant to agreed upon terms between Mr. Liang and Vertiv, the bonus was subject to reduction by the amount of his Cancellation Payment, which is $741,250, as described below in the “2019 Summary Compensation Table” section.
 
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In addition, the Liang Incentive Agreement provides that Mr. Liang’s incentive award will be subject to a clawback provision, pursuant to which the company’s compensation committee may, in its discretion, require the executive to repay the incentive award payment if Mr. Liang breaches the restrictive covenants under his employment agreement or any other agreement with Vertiv.
Long Term Incentive Bonus
In March 2017, Vertiv adopted the Vertiv Holding Corporation 2017 Transaction Exit Bonus Plan (the “Transaction Exit Bonus Plan”). The purpose of the Transaction Exit Bonus Plan was to provide incentive compensation to key employees, including the named executive officers, by granting cash-settled performance units. The amount that could have been paid to each participant in the plan with respect to the performance units was related to the appreciation following Platinum Equity’s investment in the value of Vertiv as a whole. The performance units matured over a period specified in the applicable award agreement, typically over five years, in each case subject to continued employment through such date and the achievement of enumerated revenue and EBITDA targets. The Transaction Exit Bonus Plan may be altered, amended or terminated by Vertiv at any time. All performance units will terminate upon termination of the Transaction Exit Bonus Plan or expiration on March 31, 2022. Participants in the Transaction Exit Bonus Plan may be entitled to receive compensation for their vested units upon the occurrence of each “qualifying event” that occurs during the participant’s employment with Vertiv or during a short period following the participant’s death.
There are two types of “qualifying events” defined in the Transaction Exit Bonus Plan: (1) a “qualifying sale event” in which there is a sale of some or all of the stock of Vertiv then held by Platinum Equity, but excluding a sale of common stock by Vertiv, and (2) a “qualifying distribution” in which Vertiv pays a cash dividend to Platinum Equity. Upon the occurrence of a “qualifying event,” participants with matured units may receive a cash amount equal to the difference between: (i) the value of the performance units on the date of the “qualifying event” (determined as described below), and (ii) $7.76 (the current Per Unit Reduction Value of each performance unit, which may be adjusted from time to time as described below).
The actual value of a performance unit in connection with a “qualifying sale event” is derived by dividing the net purchase price by 100 million and the actual value of a performance unit in connection with a “qualifying distribution event” is derived by dividing the amount of such dividend or distribution to Platinum Equity, net of any and all withholdings, by 100 million. If the Per Unit Reduction Value at the time of a qualifying event is greater than the value of the performance units on the date of any qualifying event, the holders of the matured performance units will not receive any proceeds, and instead the Per Unit Reduction Value will automatically be reduced by the actual value per performance unit. The new Per Unit Reduction Value will then be used to determine the amount payable to a participation unit holder in connection with any subsequent qualifying event. It was expected that any payouts under the Transaction Exit Bonus Plan would be settled in cash.
For the named executive officers, other than Mr. Johnson, upon a termination of employment, with or without cause, units are forfeited, except in the case of death, as described in the Transaction Exit Bonus Plan. If Mr. Johnson’s employment is terminated without cause, he retains his then-matured performance units, ten percent of which will be forfeited each year following the date of such termination of employment. As of December 31, 2019, Messrs. Johnson, Fallon, Forcier, Hewitt and Liang each held the following performance units.
Name
Grant Date
Vesting
Commencement
Date
Number of
Units
Current
Per Unit
Reduction Value
Robert Johnson
March 27, 2017
January 1, 2017
800,000 $ 7.76
David Fallon
October 30, 2017
July 31, 2017
175,000 $ 7.76
Jason Forcier
December 7, 2017
October 2, 2017
150,000 $ 7.76
John Hewitt
December 7, 2017
October 2, 2017
100,000 $ 7.76
Stephen Liang
June 15, 2017
January 1, 2017
100,000 $ 7.76
October 30, 2017
January 1, 2017
25,000 $ 7.76
 
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Subject to continuous employment through the applicable maturity date, the performance units granted to the named executive officers in 2017 mature in five substantially equal installments on each of the first five anniversaries following the applicable vesting commencement date, provided that each of the award agreements with the named executive officers provide that, upon a qualifying event that involves all or substantially all of the common stock or assets of Vertiv, all of the performance units granted to such named executive officer will fully mature as of the date of such qualifying event. The number of performance units that will actually vest on each maturity date is dependent on Vertiv’s achievement of the revenue and EBITDAR targets set forth below (as may be adjusted from time to time by the Board to reflect the impact of extraordinary events) as of the applicable maturity date, with 50% vesting based on achievement of the revenue target for the immediately preceding fiscal year and 50% vesting based on the achievement of the EBITDAR target for the immediately preceding fiscal year. In the event one or more targets are not met with respect to a given calendar year, or the “base year,” but both targets are met with respect to the calendar year following such base year, or the “catch-up year”, the previously unmatured performance units from the base year will mature as of the January 1st immediately following the catch up year.
Maturity Date
Prior Year’s
Revenue Target ($)
Prior Year’s EBITDAR
Target(1) ($)
First Anniversary of Vesting Commencement Date
4,356,918,000 594,683,000
Second Anniversary of Vesting Commencement Date
4,435,782,000 697,592,000
Third Anniversary of Vesting Commencement Date
4,518,723,000 753,837,000
Fourth Anniversary of Vesting Commencement Date
4,624,542,000 814,374,000
Fifth Anniversary of Vesting Commencement Date
4,745,700,000 834,222,000
(1)
EBITDAR is a non-GAAP measure that is defined as EBITDA adjusted to exclude certain unusual or non-recurring items, certain non-cash items, foreign currency effects from intercompany loans and other items that are not indicative of ongoing operations.
In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, Vertiv entered into acknowledgement and release agreements pursuant to which each named executive officer agreed that the Business Combination did not constitute a “qualifying event” under the Transaction Exit Bonus Plan and, subject to the named executive officer’s continued employment through the consummation of the Business Combination and agreement to a release of claims in favor of Vertiv and its successors and affiliates, including any rights under the Transaction Exit Bonus Plan, the named executive officer was entitled to receive a cash bonus (the “Cancellation Payment”), payable within thirty days following the Business Consummation, in the amounts set forth below.
Name
Cancellation
Payment
($)
Robert Johnson
4,104,000
David Fallon
1,047,750
Jason Forcier
769,500
John Hewitt
713,000
Stephen Liang
741,250
Each named executive officer elected to reinvest a portion of the Cancellation Payments in shares of the Company pursuant to the subscription agreements described in “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — GSAH’s Related Party Transactions — Subscription Agreements.”
2020 Fiscal Year Compensation Changes
On December 8, 2019, the Board of Directors of GSAH approved the compensation arrangements for Vertiv’s named executive officers, effective as of the closing of the Business Combination, as described below.
 
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The Board of Directors of GSAH also approved stock ownership guidelines for Company officers and non-employee directors, as described below under “Director Compensation.”
Executive Offer Letters
On or following the closing of the Business Combination, Vertiv shall enter into new offer letters with each executive officers, which provides for annual base salary, annual bonus opportunities and initial equity awards as set forth below. The executive offer letters, once executed, will supersede and replace each named executive officer’s current employment and other letter agreements.
Name
Base
Salary ($)
Annual
Bonus
Opportunity ($)
Restricted
Stock
Units ($)(1)
Stock
Options ($)(2)
Total ($)
Robert Johnson
950,000 950,000 8,000,000 1,400,000 11,300,000
David Fallon
575,000 575,000 1,750,000 860,000 3,760,000
Jason Forcier
500,000 400,000 1,400,000 750,000 3,050,000
John Hewitt
468,000 304,000 1,400,000 1,000,000 3,172,000
Stephen Liang
588,000 247,000 1,400,000 600,000 2,835,000
(1)
Each RSU vests in cumulative installments of 25% on the first, second, third and fourth anniversaries of the date of grant; provided, that they vest in full upon termination of employment due to death or disability and provide for continued vesting upon retirement. In addition, upon a termination without cause, any unvested RSUs scheduled to vest during the six month period following termination, shall vest on the applicable scheduled vesting dates. It is expected that the RSUs will be granted upon the effective date of the Form S-8 to be filed on or about 60 days following the closing of the Business Combination.
(2)
Each option was granted on February 7, 2020 and vests in four equal annual cumulative installments of 25% on each anniversary of the date of grant; provided, that they vest in full upon termination of employment due to death or disability and provide for continued vesting upon retirement. In addition, upon a termination without cause, any unvested options scheduled to vest during the six month period following termination, shall vest on the applicable scheduled vesting dates. The number of shares subject to the option were determined by dividing the aggregate dollar amount set forth opposite each executive officer’s name in the table above by a Black-Scholes value of $4.14. As a result, the number of shares subject to the options granted to Messrs. Johnson, Fallon, Forcier, Hewitt and Liang was 338,164 shares, 207,729 shares, 181,159 shares, 241,545 shares and 144,927 shares, respectively.
In addition, each named executive officer is eligible for severance pursuant to the terms of the Employment Policy and the change in control severance and other benefits pursuant to the CIC Plan (as defined below), each as described below.
Employment Policy
If a named executive officer’s employment with the Company is terminated without cause or by the executive for good reason (each as defined in the Employment Policy), then in addition to accrued obligations through the termination date, provided that the named executive officer executes and does not revoke a release, each named executive officer shall be eligible for the following severance benefits: (i) a cash payment equal to one times the sum of the executive’s annual rate of base salary immediately prior to the termination of employment and target annual bonus, to be paid in installments over twelve months in accordance with the Company’s normal payroll policies; (ii) any earned and unpaid annual bonus for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year in which the termination occurs; and (iii) reimbursement of COBRA continuation coverage costs for twelve months.
In addition, each named executive officer is subject to standard restrictive covenants, including non-competition and non-solicitation covenants for twelve months.
To the extent that the payment and benefits to be provided under the executive employment policy or other Company plan or agreement would be subject to the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 of the
 
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Internal Revenue Code on excess parachute payments within the meaning of Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code, the payments will be reduced to the extent necessary so that no portion will be subject to the excise tax if, with such reduction, the net after-tax benefit received by the executive exceeds the net after-tax benefit that would be received by the executive if no such reduction was made.
Change of Control Plan
The Executive Change of Control Plan (the “CIC Plan”) provides severance benefits to certain senior employees of the Company, including the named executive officers, upon certain terminations of employment from the Company in connection with a change of control of the Company (as defined in the CIC Plan). In the event of a change of control of our Company, the executive must also either (i) be involuntarily terminated other than for cause (as defined in the CIC Plan), or (ii) initiate the termination of his or her own employment for good reason (as defined in the CIC Plan). Additionally, either qualifying termination event must occur during the period that is ninety (90) days immediately prior to the change of control and twenty-four months following such change of control (the “Change of Control Period”).
If such termination occurs during the Change of Control Period, the executive would be entitled to (i) lump-sum cash payments equal to then current base salary plus annual target bonus multiplied by a specified multiplier based on the executive’s position and level (and as set forth in the table below); (ii) a lump-sum cash payment equal to the executive’s annual target bonus during the fiscal year of termination, prorated based on the number of days worked by the executive during such fiscal year; and (iii) a lump-sum cash payment equal to the executive’s actual bonus accrued in the fiscal year prior to the year of termination, but not yet paid. The executive would also be entitled to (i) full vesting on an accelerated basis of any of the executive’s unvested long-term incentive awards, and (ii) COBRA continuation coverage for a designated period based on the executive’s position and level (and as set forth in the table below). The CIC Plan does not provide executives with an excise tax gross-up.
Severance benefits provided under the CIC Plan are conditioned on the executive executing a full release of claims and certain confidentiality, non-competition and non-solicitation covenants in favor of the Company. The right to continued severance benefits under the plan ceases in the event of a violation of such covenants, and the non-competition and non-solicitation covenants govern for a period of at least twelve months, or longer depending on the executive’s position and level, following any termination of executive’s employment. In addition, we would seek to recover severance benefits already paid to any executive who violates such restrictive covenants.
Applicable Severance Factor
• 3x for Mr. Johnson
• 2x for Messrs. Fallon, Forcier, Hewitt and Liang
COBRA Continuation Period
Reimbursement of COBRA continuation coverage costs for 18 months
Duration of Restrictive Covenants
18 months
Retirement Benefits
Vertiv’s tax-qualified employee savings and retirement plan (the “401(k) Plan”) covers certain full- and part-time employees in the United States, including Messrs. Johnson, Fallon, Forcier and Hewitt. Under the 401(k) Plan, employees may elect to reduce their current compensation up to the statutorily prescribed annual limit and have the amount of such reduction contributed to the 401(k) Plan. The Vertiv Board believes that the 401(k) Plan provides an important and highly valued means for employees to save for retirement. In January and February 2019, Vertiv matched two-thirds of the first 6% of the named executive officers’ eligible base salary, and beginning in March 2019, Vertiv matched 50% of the first 6% of the named executive officers’ eligible base salary. In addition, based on Vertiv’s U.S. profits, eligible employees in the U.S. may receive a discretionary, annual profit-sharing contribution to their 401(k) Plan accounts. No profit sharing contribution was made in 2019. Messrs. Johnson, Fallon, Forcier and Hewitt each participated in the 401(k) Plan on the same terms as Vertiv’s other employees in 2019.
Mr. Liang received pension contributions under a local retirement plan. Mr. Liang participates in Vertiv’s Hong Kong defined contribution Occupational Retirement Scheme Ordinance (the “ORSO”), which is a retirement program available to Vertiv’s Hong Kong employees generally, including Mr. Liang.
 
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Under the ORSO, a participant contributes 5% of his or her base salary and Vertiv contributes an amount equal to 10% of the participant’s base salary to the ORSO. In accordance with regulation and local practice, individuals with service in Vertiv of more than 10 years, such as Mr. Liang, may withdraw all contribution amounts attributable to both employee and employer contributions upon a termination of employment for any reason.
Other Benefits and Perquisites
All of the named executive officers in the United States were eligible for coverage under Vertiv’s health insurance programs, including medical, dental and vision, a health savings account and flexible spending accounts. Additionally, the named executive officers were eligible for life insurance, short- and long-term disability benefits and paid time off.
Vertiv has provided certain of the named executive officers perquisites as a means of providing additional compensation through the availability of benefits that are convenient for the executives to use when faced with the demands of their positions. The Vertiv Board considers whether, and to what extent, it may be appropriate for the named executive officers to receive such perquisites based on the individual demands of their respective positions.
In addition, Vertiv provides Mr. Liang (i) reimbursement of country club membership fees, (ii) a cash housing allowance, (iii) statutory Hong Kong social insurance payments, and (iv) reimbursement for fees paid in connection with the filing of his U.S. and Hong Kong tax returns which have not yet been determined as of the date of this filing.
Employment Agreements
Vertiv is party to employment agreements with each of the named executive officers that govern their employment with Vertiv. The terms of the employment agreements are described in more detail in the “Narrative Relating to Summary Compensation Table and Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table” section below. The Vertiv Board believes that employment agreements with the named executive officers are valuable tools to both enhance Vertiv’s efforts to retain these executives and to protect Vertiv’s competitive and confidential information. The estimates of the value of the benefits potentially payable under these agreements upon a termination of employment or change in control are set out below under the caption “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.”
2019 Summary Compensation Table
The following table shows compensation of the named executive officers for fiscal years 2019 and 2018.
Name and Principal Position
Year
Salary ($)
Bonus ($)
Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)(1)
Change In
Pension And
Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings ($)
All Other
Compensation
($)(2)
Total ($)
Robert Johnson
2019 950,000 2,308,500 37,144 3,295,644
Chief Executive Officer
2018 901,923 450,000 192,000 20,580 1,564,503
David Fallon
2019 575,000 1,397,250 40,307 2,012,557
Chief Financial Officer
2018 502,885 128,250 48,000 18,752 697,887
Stephen Liang(3)
2019 590,424 1,126,530 275,268 1,992,222
President, Asia-Pacific
2018 557,004 149,688 622,970 1,329,662
Jason Forcier
2019 455,769 969,819 11,003 1,436,591
Chief Operations Officer and Executive Vice President of Infrastructure and Solutions
2018 400,000 150,000 48,000 9,023 607,023
John Hewitt
2019 459,000 930,623 21,909 1,411,532
President of Americas
2018 450,000 90,000 48,000 145,772 733,772
(1)
The amounts reported in this column with respect to 2019 represent the bonuses paid to (i) each named
 
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executive officer related to the 2019 AIP, (ii) each named executive officer related to the 2019 Transformation Bonus Plan, and (iii) Mr. Liang, pursuant to the Liang Incentive Agreement, which has been reduced by the amount of his Cancellation Payment of $741,250, as described below in the “Business Combination-Related Compensation” section.
(2)
The amounts shown in this column include the cost of the following perquisites and other benefits received by the named executive officers:
(a)
Robert Johnson.   The amounts represent matching contributions to tax-qualified retirement plan during 2019 equal to $11,200, plus expenses related to housing in Columbus, Ohio while he was in town for business equal to $25,944.
(b)
David Fallon.   The amounts represent matching contributions to tax-qualified retirement plan during 2019 equal to $11,200, country club dues equal to $10,452, and plus expenses related to commuting between Tennessee and Ohio equal to $18,654.
(c)
Stephen Liang.   The amounts represent (i) payment of $4,135 in respect of country club membership fees, (ii) a cash housing allowance of $197,834 (paid in HKD), (iii) statutory Hong Kong social insurance payments totaling $12,953, (iv) a tax service fee not yet incurred for 2019 taxes to be paid in connection with the filing of his U.S. and Hong Kong tax returns, and (v) the employer portion of the contribution to his ORSO pension account equal to $60,346.
(d)
Jason Forcier.   This amount represents matching contributions to the tax-qualified retirement plan during 2019 equal to $11,003.
(e)
John Hewitt.   The amounts represent matching contributions to tax-qualified retirement plan during 2019 equal to $10,770, and annual country club dues of $11,138.
(3)
Mr. Liang’s cash compensation was generally denominated in United States dollars, other than all of the compensation reflected in the “All Other Compensation” column, which was denominated in the Hong Kong dollar and was converted to U.S. dollars using the December 31, 2019 year-to-date 2019 average exchange rate of 0.1276 U.S. dollars per Hong Kong dollar.
Grants of Plan-Based Awards
Estimated Possible Payouts Under
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards
Plan
Grant Date
Threshold ($)
Target($)
Maximum ($)
Robert Johnson
Annual Incentive Plan
1/1/2019(1) 285,000 950,000 1,425,000
Transformation Bonus Plan
1/1/2019(2) 285,000 950,000 1,425,000
David Fallon
Annual Incentive Plan
1/1/2019(1) 172,500 575,000 862,500
Transformation Bonus Plan
1/1/2019(2) 172,500 575,000 862,500
Jason Forcier
Annual Incentive Plan
1/1/2019(1) 99,945 333,150 499,725
Transformation Bonus Plan
1/1/2019(2) 136,731 455,769 683,654
John Hewitt
Annual Incentive Plan
1/1/2019(1) 91,260 304,200 456,300
Transformation Bonus Plan
1/1/2019(2) 137,700 459,000 688,500
Stephen Liang
Annual Incentive Plan
1/1/2019(1) 69,300 231,000 346,500
2017 Senior Executive Medium-Term
Incentive and Retention Agreement
1/1/2019(3) 240,000 800,000 1,200,000
(1)
Represents the threshold, target and maximum value of annual incentive awards that could have been earned by the named executive officers under the Annual Incentive Plan for the year ended December 31, 2019. For a discussion of the terms of the AIP and the amounts earned thereunder by the named executive officers for 2019, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Components of Compensation for 2019 — Annual Incentive Plan Bonus Opportunities” above.
(2)
Represents the threshold and maximum value of annual incentive awards that could have been earned by the named executive officers (other than Mr. Liang) under the T-Bonus Plan for the year ended
 
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December 31, 2019. For a discussion of the terms of the T-Bonus Plan, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Components of Compensation for 2019 — Transformation Bonus Opportunities” above.
(3)
Represents the threshold, target and maximum value of incentive awards that could be earned by Mr. Liang under the Liang Incentive Agreement. For a discussion of the terms of the Liang Incentive Agreement, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Components of Compensation for 2019 — Senior Executive Medium-Term Incentive and Retention Agreement” above.
Narrative Relating to Summary Compensation Table and Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table
Employment Agreements with Named Executive Officers in Effect for FY2019
Robert Johnson.   During 2019, Vertiv was party to an employment agreement with Mr. Johnson, which sets forth his annual base salary, and an annual cash bonus opportunity equal to 100% of his base salary for target-level achievement of annual performance criteria, established by the Vertiv Board pursuant to the AIP, up to a maximum of 150% of his base salary for above-target performance. Mr. Johnson’s employment agreement also provided that his annual bonus would be equal to no less than 50% of his base salary for 2019. In addition, Mr. Johnson is eligible for four (4) weeks of vacation annually as well as company-provided living accommodations within 25 miles of Vertiv’s customer and technology headquarters. Mr. Johnson’s employment agreement also subjects him to a confidentiality provision and one-year post-termination non-competition and non-solicitation covenants.
If Mr. Johnson’s employment was terminated by us without cause or by him for good reason (each, as defined in the employment agreement) in 2019, subject to his execution and non-revocation of a general release of claims, he would have been entitled to (i) continued receipt of his base salary, payable in installments generally in accordance with normal payroll practices, for a 12 month period following such termination and (ii) an amount equal to the greater of (x) his target annual bonus for the year of termination and (y) the annual bonus paid to him for the year immediately preceding the year of termination, in each case payable in the first regularly scheduled payroll period following the 12 month anniversary of the termination date. In addition, if Mr. Johnson’s employment was terminated due to his death or disability, subject to his (or his estate’s) execution and non-revocation of a general release of claims in favor of us and Vertiv’s affiliates with respect to any such termination due to a disability, he would have been entitled to an amount equal to 50% of his target annual bonus for the year such termination occurs.
David Fallon.   During 2019, Mr. Fallon’s employment was governed by a letter agreement, dated June 12, 2017, with Mr. Fallon, which set forth his annual base salary, and an annual bonus opportunity equal to 65% of his base salary for target-level achievement of performance criteria established under the AIP. If Mr. Fallon’s employment was terminated by us without cause, subject to his execution and non-revocation of a general release of claims, he would have been entitled to (i) continued payment of his base salary for nine months following such termination, and (ii) a lump sum payment equal to three months’ salary. Mr. Fallon has also executed an agreement subjecting him to a confidentiality provision and one-year post-termination non-competition and non-solicitation covenants.
Jason Forcier.   During 2019, Mr. Forcier’s employment was governed by a letter agreement, dated June 17, 2019, which set forth his annual base salary, and an annual bonus opportunity equal to 80% of his base salary for target-level achievement of performance criteria established under the AIP. Under such agreement, if Mr. Forcier’s employment was terminated by us in 2019, subject to his execution and non-revocation of a general release of claims, he would have been entitled to (i) continued payment of his base salary for fifty-two weeks following such termination, and (ii) a lump sum payment equal to 100% of his AIP target bonus. Mr. Forcier has also executed an agreement subjecting him to a confidentiality provision and one-year post-termination non-competition and non-solicitation covenants.
John Hewitt.   During 2019, Mr. Hewitt’s employment was governed by a letter agreement, dated August 16, 2017, which sets forth his annual base salary, and an annual bonus opportunity equal to 65% of his base salary for target-level achievement of performance criteria established under the AIP. Mr. Hewitt has also executed an agreement subjecting him to a confidentiality provision and one-year post-termination non-competition and non-solicitation covenants.
 
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Stephen Liang.   During 2019, Mr. Liang’s employment was governed by a letter agreement, dated November 22, 2018, with Vertiv (Hong Kong) Holdings Limited, which sets forth his annual base salary, and an annual bonus opportunity currently equal to $231,000 for target-level achievement of performance criteria established under the AIP. Pursuant to Mr. Liang’s letter agreement, he was entitled to receive $129,000 HK ($197,834 USD) per month as part of a cash housing program that expired on September 30, 2019. Mr. Liang’s letter agreement also provided for the following in 2019: club membership fees; a payment to cover a round-trip business class air ticket from Hong Kong to Boston, Massachusetts for himself and his direct dependents; company-paid medical and dental insurance for himself and his dependents; and life and personal accident insurance. Additionally, Mr. Liang is entitled to 21 working days annual leave. Mr. Liang’s agreement also provides for his participation in ORSO, the Hong Kong statutory pension plan, pursuant to which Vertiv makes monthly contributions equal to 10% of his monthly base salary. If Mr. Liang’s employment was terminated in 2019 other than by Vertiv for cause, he would have been entitled to six months’ notice or payment in lieu of notice. Mr. Liang’s letter agreement subjects him to a confidentiality provision and one-year post-termination non-competition and non-solicitation covenants.
Bonuses
During 2019, Vertiv maintained the Vertiv Annual Incentive Plan and the Transformation Bonus Plan, in each case, pursuant to which cash incentive awards may be made to the named executive officers. Vertiv has also paid certain discretionary bonuses to the named executive officers. For a summary of the Annual Incentive Plan, the Transformation Bonus Plan and the discretionary bonuses paid with respect to 2019, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Components of Compensation for 2019” above.
Retirement Plans and Other Perquisites
Vertiv maintains certain retirement benefit plans and provide the named executive officers with certain benefits and perquisites. For a summary of such plans and benefits, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Components of Compensation for 2019 — Retirement Benefits” and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Components of Compensation for 2019 — Perquisites and Other Benefits” above.
Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control
Each of the named executive officers has entered into agreements, the material terms of which have been summarized above under the caption “Narrative relating to summary compensation table and grants of plan-based awards table.” Upon certain terminations of employment, the named executive officers (employed as of December 31, 2019) are entitled to payments of compensation and certain benefits. The table below reflects the amount of compensation and benefits payable to each named executive officer who was employed as of December 31, 2019 in the event of a (i) termination without cause, (ii) termination for good reason, or (iii) termination by reason of the executive’s death or disability. Performance units granted pursuant to the Transaction Exit Bonus Plan had no value as of December 31, 2019 and therefore are not included in the table below. For a summary of the Transaction Exit Bonus Plan, see “Compensation discussion and analysis — Components of Compensation for 2019 — Long Term Incentive Bonus” above. The amounts shown assume that the applicable triggering event occurred on December 31, 2019 and, therefore, are estimates of the amounts that would be paid to the named executive officers upon the occurrence of such triggering event.
 
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Name
Reason for
termination
Cash
payment
($)
Robert Johnson
Without Cause 1,900,000(1)
Good Reason 1,900,000(1)
Death or Disability 950,000(2)
David Fallon
Without Cause 575,000(3)
Good Reason
Death or Disability(3)
Jason Forcier
Without Cause 900,000(4)
Good Reason
Death or Disability
John Hewitt
Without Cause 468,000(3)
Good Reason
Death or Disability
Stephen Liang
Without Cause 335,212(5)
Good Reason 335,212(5)
Death or Disability 335,212(5)
(1)
Consists of (i) continued payment of Mr. Johnson’s base salary, currently $950,000 annually, payable in installments generally in accordance with normal payroll practices, for a 12 month period following such termination and (ii) an amount equal to the greater of (x) his target annual bonus for the year of termination, which was $950,000, and (y) the annual bonus paid to him for the year immediately preceding the year of termination, which was $450,000, in each case payable in the first regularly scheduled payroll period following the 12 month anniversary of the termination date.
(2)
Consists of Mr. Johnson’s target annual bonus for the year of termination.
(3)
Consists of (i) continued payment of base salary for nine months following such termination, and (ii) a lump sum payment equal to three months’ salary.
(4)
Consists of continued payment of (i) base salary for twelve months following such termination, and (ii) a lump sum payment equal to a target AIP payment.
(5)
Consists of (i) six months’ notice or payment in lieu of notice and (ii) payment of expenses for repatriation to the United States in accordance with company policy, estimated to be approximately $40,000.
Director Compensation
Director Compensation Policy
For 2019, the Vertiv Board was comprised of Bryan Kelln, Jacob Kotzubei and Edward L. Monser. These individuals received no cash, equity or other non-equity compensation for services rendered. At all times during such period, Mssrs. Kelln and Kotzubei were employed and compensated exclusively by Platinum Equity. Mssrs. Kelln and Kotzubei provided services to Vertiv pursuant to the terms of the services agreement, and Vertiv compensated Platinum Equity for these and other services through the payment of an advisory fee. Please see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” below for a discussion of the terms of the services agreement. During the relevant period, Mssrs. Kelln and Kotzubei did not perform services exclusively or predominately for Vertiv and instead provided services across Platinum Equity Advisors’ entire business and portfolio. As a result, Platinum Equity Advisors cannot segregate or identify the portion of the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to Mssrs. Kelln and Kotzubei that relates to their respective services to Vertiv and no portion of the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to Mssrs. Kelln and Kotzubei relate solely to their service to us. Vertiv currently has no other formal arrangements under which directors receive compensation for service to the board of directors or its committees.
 
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All Other Compensation
Vertiv’s policy is to reimburse directors for reasonable and necessary out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending board and committee meetings or performing other services in their capacities as directors. Vertiv does not provide tax gross-up payments to members of the Vertiv Board. The Vertiv Board expects to review director compensation periodically to ensure that the director compensation package remains competitive such that Vertiv is able to recruit and retain qualified directors.
Stock Ownership Guidelines for Company Directors and Officers
Pursuant to the policy adopted by the Board on December 8, 2019, our directors are expected to own Company stock with a value equal to five times their cash retainer.
Our officers are expected to own Company stock based on the following multiple-of- salary ownership threshold guidelines:
Salary Levels
Guidelines

Chief Executive Officer
5 times Salary

Chief Financial Officer and other “named executive officers” (as defined in Item 402(a)(3) of Regulation S-K
3 times Salary

All other Section 16 officers
2 times Salary
A director or officer is expected to comply with the minimum investment guidelines within five years after election or appointment as a director or appointment as an officer. For purposes of satisfying the requirements of the stock ownership guidelines, “ownership” includes stock owned privately, shares (or equivalent shares) awarded to, or purchased by, a director pursuant to a qualified or non-qualified benefit or savings plan, or shares held through a partnership, trust, limited liability company or other investment vehicle that is majority owned or controlled by the director or officer. Stock option awards or any other unvested awards that have been granted but have not yet been exercised do not count toward meeting the minimum ownership guidelines. Upon exercise, however, the net shares retained do count toward the minimum ownership requirements. Directors and officers may not sell or dispose of any Company stock that they own outright or any net shares attributable to stock option exercises or the vesting of RSUs until they satisfy the minimum ownership guidelines. In addition, each director or officer must hold net shares attributable to stock option exercises or the vesting of RSUs for at least one year, regardless of whether the multiple-of-salary ownership threshold guidelines have been met. Directors and officers may only sell Company stock during open window periods under the Company Securities Trading Policy and must notify and receive clearance prior to executing any stock sales or option exercises.
 
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MANAGEMENT
Management and Board of Directors
Below is a list of our executive officers and directors and their respective ages and a brief account of the business experience of each of them.
Name
Age
Position
David M. Cote
68
Executive Chairman of the Board
Rob Johnson
53
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Joseph van Dokkum
67
Director
Roger Fradin
67
Director
Jacob Kotzubei
51
Director
Matthew Louie
42
Director
Edward L. Monser
69
Director
Steven S. Reinemund
72
Director
Robin L. Washington
57
Director
David J. Fallon
50
Chief Financial Officer
Giordano Albertazzi
54
President of Europe, Middle East and Africa
Andrew Cole
55
Chief Organizational Development and Human Resources Officer
Colin Flannery
55
General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
Jason M. Forcier
48
Chief Operations Officer and Executive Vice President of Infrastructure and Solutions
Sheryl Haislet
54
Chief Information Officer
John Hewitt
51
President of the Americas
Patrick Johnson
49
Executive Vice President of Information Technology and Edge Infrastructure
Steve Lalla
57
Executive Vice President of Service and Software Solutions
Stephen Liang
61
President of Asia Pacific
Gary Niederpruem
45
Chief Strategy and Development Officer
The directors were nominated pursuant to the director nomination rights set forth in the Stockholders Agreement. See “Business Combination — Related Agreements — Stockholders Agreement” for more information.
Directors
David M. Cote.   Mr. Cote has served as our Executive Chairman of our Board of Directors since February 7, 2020. From April 2018 until the Business Combination, Mr. Cote served as Chief Executive Officer, President and Secretary, and Chairman of the Board of Directors of GSAH. Mr. Cote served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Honeywell from July 2002 to March 2017. Most recently, Mr. Cote was Executive Chairman of the Board at Honeywell until April 23, 2018. He joined Honeywell as President and Chief Executive Officer in February 2002. Prior to joining Honeywell, he served as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of TRW Inc., a provider of products and services for the aerospace, information systems and automotive markets, from August 2001 to February 2002. From February 2001 to July 2001, he served as TRW’s President and Chief Executive Officer and from November 1999 to January 2001 he served as its President and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Cote was Senior Vice President of General Electric Company and President and Chief Executive Officer of GE Appliances from June 1996 to November 1999. Mr. Cote was a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from March 2014 to March 2018. He previously served as a director of JPMorgan Chase & Co. from July 2007 to July 2013. Mr. Cote was selected to serve on our Board due to his significant leadership experience and his extensive management and investment experience, including in the industrial sector.
 
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Rob Johnson.   Mr. Johnson has served as our Chief Executive Officer and one of our directors since February 7, 2020. From December 2016 until the Business Combination, Mr. Johnson served as the Chief Executive Officer of Vertiv and was Vertiv’s first CEO. Prior to that he had been an operating partner at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (“Kleiner Perkins”) from 2014 to 2016. From 2013 to 2014, Johnson worked in executive positions at Consolidated Container Corporation. Prior to Consolidated Container Company, Mr. Johnson had a five year tenure, between 2008 and 2013, in executive positions at A123 Systems (formerly NASDAQ: AONE), a global manufacturer of lithium ion batteries. On October 16, 2012, A123 Systems voluntarily filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and, on January 29, 2013, A123 Systems completed the sale of substantially all of its assets and operations. Mr. Johnson was the Chief Executive Officer of American Power Conversion (formerly NASDAQ: APCC) (“APC”) from 2006 until 2007, where he managed the company’s sale to Schneider Electric (OTC: SBGSY) for $6.1 billion in 2007. Prior to his CEO role at American Power Conversion, Mr. Johnson was a general manager at APC with responsibility for power management, thermal management, IT infrastructure, along with software and controls. Before his roles at APC, Mr. Johnson led Systems Enhancement Corporation, a company he founded to create innovative software and hardware solutions for the data center industry. He sold that company to American Power Conversion in 1997. Mr. Johnson earned a Bachelor of Science and honorary Ph.D. in Engineering Management from The Missouri University of Science and Technology. He was elected into the Engineering Management Academy of Sciences. He served on several boards in the past and is the co-author of “Executing Your Business Transformation,” a guide for companies navigating major changes published in 2010. Rob Johnson is the brother of Patrick Johnson who serves as our Executive Vice President of Information Technology and Edge Infrastructure. Mr. Johnson was selected to serve on our Board due to his knowledge of the data center industry and his experience operating Vertiv for the past 3 years.
Joseph van Dokkum.   Mr. van Dokkum has served as one of our directors since February 7, 2020. Mr. van Dokkum is Chairman of Imperative Science Ventures, a venture capital firm focused on science breakthroughs. From 2009 to 2019, he was an Operating Partner with Kleiner Perkins in Menlo Park, CA, where he worked closely with his investment partners and the leadership of their start-up and growth portfolio companies to accelerate commercialization and scale the businesses. Before that, Mr. van Dokkum served for seven years as President of UTC Power, a division of United Technologies Corporation (NYSE: UTX), where he was instrumental in organically growing UTC Power’s power generation products and service offerings, including fuel cells, renewable power solutions and combined cooling, heating and power applications for the commercial building markets. Prior to UTC Power, Mr. van Dokkum was with Siemens (OTC: SIEGY) for 17 years. For the last six of those years, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Siemens Power Transmission & Distribution, Inc. During that time he augmented the company’s traditional power equipment, such as switchgear, power breakers, transformers and regulators, with intelligent systems and controls. This effort returned profitability to the business and enabled the expansion of the product portfolio through numerous acquisitions. Mr. van Dokkum serves on the boards of Ionic Materials, Inc., Solidia Technologies, Inc., and TAS Energy, Inc. He earned his Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Institute of Technology, Albertus Magnus. Mr. van Dokkum was selected to serve on our Board due to his extensive leadership experience and industry knowledge.
Roger Fradin.   Mr. Fradin has served as one of our directors since February 7, 2020. From June 2018 until the Business Combination, Mr. Fradin served as one of GSAH’s directors. Mr. Fradin joined Honeywell in 2000 when Honeywell acquired Pittway Corporation. Mr. Fradin served as president and chief executive officer of Honeywell’s Automation and Control Solutions business from January 2004 to April 2014. Mr. Fradin served as vice chairman of Honeywell from April 2014 until his retirement in February 2017. Mr. Fradin is also a consultant for The Carlyle Group and an advisor to Seal Rock Partners. Mr. Fradin received his M.B.A. and B.S. degrees from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, where he has also served as a member of the faculty. Mr. Fradin is currently a director of L3Harris Technologies Inc. (NYSE: LHX), Resideo Technologies Inc (NYSE: REZI) and Juniper Industrial Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: JIH.U) (“JIH”), and was formerly a director of MSC Industrial Direct Co., Inc. (Nasdaq: MSM) and Pitney Bowes Inc. (NYSE: PBI). Mr. Fradin was selected to serve on our Board due to his deep industrial expertise, specifically in the automation and control solutions sectors, as well as for his experience overseeing acquisitions.
 
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Jacob Kotzubei.   Mr. Kotzubei has served as one of our directors since February 7, 2020. Mr. Kotzubei joined Platinum Equity, a private equity firm, in 2002 and is a Partner at the firm. Mr. Kotzubei serves as a director or manager of a number of Platinum Equity’s portfolio companies. Prior to joining Platinum Equity in 2002, Mr. Kotzubei worked for 4.5 years for Goldman Sachs’ Investment Banking Division in New York City. Previously, he was an attorney at Sullivan & Cromwell LLP in New York City, specializing in mergers and acquisitions. Mr. Kotzubei serves on the board of directors of Key Energy Services, Inc. (NYSE: KEG), KEMET Corporation (NYSE: KEM), Ryerson Holding Corporation (NYSE: RYI) and Verra Mobility Corporation (NASDAQ: VRRM). On November 12, 2019, KEMET Corporation announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired by Yageo Corporation, a Taiwan-based company, in an all-cash transaction. Mr. Kotzubei received a Bachelor’s degree from Wesleyan University and holds a Juris Doctor from Columbia University School of Law, where he was elected a member of the Columbia Law Review. Mr. Kotzubei was selected to serve on our Board due to his experience in executive management oversight, private equity, capital markets, mergers and acquisitions and other transactional matters.
Matthew Louie.   Mr. Louie has served as one of our directors since February 7, 2020. Mr. Louie joined Platinum Equity in 2008 and is a Principal at the firm. Mr. Louie serves on the board of certain Platinum Equity’s portfolio companies. Prior to joining Platinum Equity, Mr. Louie was an investment professional at American Capital Strategies, a middle-market focused private equity firm. Prior to American Capital, Mr. Louie worked in venture capital and growth equity at both Canaan Partners and Agilent Technologies, and in investment banking at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette. Mr. Louie holds undergraduate degrees in both Economics as well as Political Science from Stanford University. He also holds a Master’s degree in Business Administration from Harvard Business School. Mr. Louie was selected to serve on our Board due to his experience related to private equity, capital markets, transactional matters and post-acquisition oversight of operational performance at portfolio companies.
Edward L. Monser.   Mr. Monser has served as one of our directors since February 7, 2020. Mr. Monser serves on the board of directors for Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. (NYSE: APD), where he is chairman of the Management Development and Compensation Committee, and Canadian Pacific Railway Limited (TSX: CP) (NYSE: CP), where he is on the Audit and Compensation Committees. From 2010 to 2018, Mr. Monser served as president of Emerson (NYSE: EMR), where he had more than 30 years of experience in senior operational positions and played a key role in its globalization. From 2001 to 2015, he was a member of Emerson’s Office of the Chief Executive and served as its Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Monser is active in promoting international understanding and trade and is vice chairman of the U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Forum. He has served on the advisory Economic Development Board for China’s Guangdong Province, the board of advisors for South Ural State University in Chelyabinsk, Russia and the board of the U.S.-China Business Council, where he was also vice chairman. Mr. Monser received a Bachelor’s Degree in electrical engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1980 and has a Bachelor’s Degree in education from Eastern Michigan University. He is an alumnus of the executive education program at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Monser was selected to serve on our Board due to his extensive experience in key management positions, including at Emerson when Vertiv was part of that company.
Steven S. Reinemund.   Mr. Reinemund has served as one of our directors since February 7, 2020. From June 2018 until the Business Combination, Mr. Reinemund served as one of GSAH’s directors. Mr. Reinemund served as Dean of Business at Wake Forest University from July 2008 to June 2014, an organization he joined after a 23-year career with PepsiCo, Inc. (NASDAQ: PEP) (“PepsiCo”). At PepsiCo, Mr. Reinemund served as Executive Chairman from October 2006 to May 2007, and as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer from May 2001 to October 2006. Prior to being Chief Executive Officer, he was PepsiCo, Inc.’s president and chief operating officer from September 1999 to May 2001. Mr. Reinemund began his career with PepsiCo, Inc. in 1984 at Pizza Hut, Inc. and held other positions until he became president and Chief Executive Officer of Frito-Lay’s North American snack division in 1992. He became chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Frito-Lay’s worldwide operations in 1996. Mr. Reinemund was a director of Johnson & Johnson (NYSE: JNJ) from 2003 to 2008 and of American Express Company (NYSE: AXP) from 2007 to 2015. Mr. Reinemund currently serves as a director of Exxon Mobil Corporation (NYSE: XOM), Marriott International, Inc. (Nasdaq: MAR), Walmart Inc. (NYSE: WMT) and Chick-fil-A, Inc. He also serves on the Board of Directors at USNA Foundation. A graduate of the United States Naval Academy in 1970, Mr. Reinemund served five years as an officer in the United States Marine
 
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Corps, achieving the rank of Captain. He received an MBA from the University of Virginia, and has been awarded honorary doctorate degrees by Johnson and Wales University and Bryant University. Mr. Reinemund was selected to serve on our Board due to his considerable business leadership roles, mergers and acquisitions experience and his relevant board expertise.
Robin L. Washington.   Ms. Washington has served as one of our directors since February 7, 2020. Ms. Washington is the former Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Gilead Sciences, Inc. (NASDAQ: GILD), a biopharmaceutical company. She held this role from May 2008 until November 1, 2019, the effective date of her retirement as Chief Financial Officer, and remains an advisor to the company until March 1, 2020. From 2006 to 2007, Ms. Washington served as Chief Financial Officer of Hyperion Solutions, an enterprise software company that was acquired by Oracle Corporation in March 2007. Prior to that, she spent nearly 10 years at PeopleSoft, Inc., a provider of enterprise application software, where she served in a number of executive positions, most recently in the role of Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller. Since April 2019, Ms. Washington has served on the board and on the leadership development and compensation committee of Alphabet Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG), a multinational technology company. Ms. Washington also currently serves as a director of Honeywell International, Inc. (NYSE: HON), a diversified technology and manufacturing company, where she has served since April 2013, and as director of Salesforce.com (NYSE: CRM), a global leader in customer relationship management technology, where she has served since September 2013, where she currently chairs the audit committee. Ms. Washington also serves on the Board of Visitors, Graziadio School of Business and Management, Pepperdine University, the Presidents Council & Ross Business School Advisory Board, University of Michigan and the UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland Board of Directors. She is a Certified Public Accountant, and received a B.A. in Business Administration from the University of Michigan and an M.B.A. from Pepperdine University. Ms. Washington was selected to serve on our Board due to her extensive experience in management, operations and accounting in the technology sector, along with her financial expertise.
Executive Officers
David M. Cote.   Mr. Cote has served as our Executive Chairman of our Board of Directors since February 7, 2020. Biographical information for Mr. Cote is set forth under “— Directors” above.
Rob Johnson.   Mr. Johnson has served as our Chief Executive Officer and one of our directors since February 7, 2020. Biographical information for Mr. Johnson is set forth under “— Directors” above.
David J. Fallon.   Mr. Fallon has served as our Chief Financial Officer since February 7, 2020. From July 2017 until the Business Combination, Mr. Fallon served as the Chief Financial Officer of Vertiv and has more than 25 years of experience in financial management with global companies. Prior to joining Vertiv, from 2010 to 2017, Mr. Fallon served as Chief Financial Officer at CLARCOR, Inc. (formerly NYSE: CLC), which was a $1.4 billion filtration company with operations in North America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. From 2009 to 2010, he served as Vice President of Finance for CLARCOR, Inc. CLARCOR, Inc. was purchased by Parker-Hannifin in February 2017. From 2002 to 2009, Mr. Fallon served as Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Finance for Noble International (formerly NASDAQ: NOBL), which was a $1.1 billion auto supplier with global manufacturing operations. Prior to joining Noble International, he served as Treasury Manager at Textron Automotive from 2000 to 2002, a financial analyst at DaimlerChrysler from 1997 to 2000 and as a senior accountant at Deloitte & Touche from 1991 to 1995. Mr. Fallon earned a Masters of Business Administration Degree from the Wharton School of Business and a Bachelor’s of Science Degree in Business Administration from the University of Dayton. He is certified as a Chartered Financial Analyst® and a Certified Public Accountant (inactive).
Giordano Albertazzi.   Mr. Albertazzi has served as our President of Europe, Middle East and Africa since February 7, 2020. From 2016 until the Business Combination, Mr. Albertazzi served as the President of Vertiv in Europe, Middle East and Africa and was responsible for Vertiv’s operations and business development within the region. Mr. Albertazzi began his career at Kone Elevators, where he progressed through operations and product development leadership. He then joined Emerson Network Power in 1998 and held positions with increasing responsibility, including Plant Manager from 1999 to 2001, EMEA Marketing and Product Management Director from 2002 to 2004, and Managing Director for the Italian market unit from 2004 to 2006. In 2006, he was promoted to Vice President Services for the Liebert Europe business. In 2011, Mr. Albertazzi was appointed Vice President Services for the broader Europe, Middle
 
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East and Africa region, and in 2014 became Vice President Sales. Mr. Albertazzi holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Polytechnic University of Milan as well as a Master’s Degree in Management from Stanford University.
Andrew Cole.   Mr. Cole has served as our Chief Organizational Development and Human Resources Officer since February 7, 2020. From January 2017 until the Business Combination, Mr. Cole served as the Chief Organizational Development and Human Resources Officer of Vertiv and was responsible for Vertiv’s strategic direction for organizational design, change management and talent acquisition. His role included leading Vertiv employees through the transition from publicly traded Emerson to privately held Vertiv. Mr. Cole also has responsibility for Global Business Services (GBS) and the continued efficiency gains across Vertiv’s back office operations. Over the last two decades, Mr. Cole has helped several dynamic, high-growth global market leaders succeed. During his career, he has been responsible for the oversight of organizational development and transformation programs across the globe, corporate talent strategy, leadership development and change management for teams of up to 20,000 employees. Prior to Vertiv, from 2016 to 2017, Mr. Cole was the chief human resources and organizational development officer at Lumeris. From 2013 to 2015, he worked at Goldstine Management Group. Mr. Cole has also worked at high-tech companies such as A123 Systems, Schneider Electric and APC. On October 16, 2012, A123 Systems voluntarily filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and, on January 29, 2013, A123 Systems completed the sale of substantially all of its assets and operations. Mr. Cole holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Religious Studies and a Master of Science in Management Degree from Regis University.
Colin Flannery.   Mr. Flannery has served as our General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since February 7, 2020. From June 2017 until the Business Combination, Mr. Flannery served as the General Counsel of Vertiv. Prior to joining Vertiv, from 2007 to 2017, Mr. Flannery was the General Counsel of Sensus, a multinational Smart Grid Technology corporation, and helped steer the successful sale of that company to Xylem (NYSE: XYL) for $1.7B in October 2016. From 2005 to 2006, Mr. Flannery was the Vice President — Legal of Atos Origin, a multinational IT Services corporation. He was based in Paris and responsible for the company’s legal function in North and South America, the UK and Asia. From 1997 to 2000, Mr. Flannery worked in the legal department of Schlumberger (NYSE: SLB) in Atlanta as the Legal Counsel for its North American metering division. In 2000, he was promoted to be Schlumberger’s General Counsel — South America, based in Brazil, where he was responsible for the legal function of all Schlumberger’s operations in South America. In 2002, he was again promoted within Schlumberger to be responsible for the legal function for Schlumberger’s operations in North and South America. Mr. Flannery began his career as a corporate lawyer with Allens Linklaters (f/k/a Feez Ruthning) in Brisbane, Australia in 1988. After obtaining his Juris Doctor from Georgia State University in 1995, he began working for Troutman Sanders in Atlanta, Georgia until 1997. Mr. Flannery holds Anglo-Australian and US law degrees.
Jason M. Forcier.   Mr. Forcier has served as our Chief Operations Officer and Executive Vice President of Infrastructure and Solutions since February 7, 2020. From May 2019 until the Business Combination, Mr. Forcier served as the Chief Operations Officer of Vertiv and, prior to that role, as Executive Vice President of Infrastructure and Solutions of Vertiv since October 2017, where he has global responsibility for manufacturing, operations, supply chain and quality, as well as leading the large infrastructure and solutions lines of business. Prior to joining Vertiv, Mr. Forcier spent eight years at A123 Systems, a global manufacturer of lithium ion batteries, where he was the Chief Executive Officer from 2013 until 2017 and member of the board of management. Mr. Forcier joined and established the automotive business of A123 Systems in 2009 and was a member of the executive management team that led the company through its initial public offering on the NASDAQ. On October 16, 2012, A123 Systems voluntarily filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and, on January 29, 2013, A123 Systems completed the sale of substantially all of its assets and operations. Prior to joining A123 Systems, Mr. Forcier served as Vice President and General Manager of the global electronics business of Lear Corporation (NYSE: LEA) and as the North American President, Automotive Electronics Division of Robert Bosch LLC. Over the course of his 12-year career with Bosch, he was also a co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of ETAS, Inc., a Bosch Subsidiary. Mr. Forcier earned a Bachelor’s Degree in mechanical engineering from GMI Engineering & Management Institute (now Kettering University) and a Master’s Degree in business administration from the University of Michigan.
Sheryl Haislet.   Ms. Haislet has served as our Chief Information Officer since February 24, 2020. Prior to joining Vertiv, from October 2015 to September 2019, Ms. Haislet was the Chief Information
 
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Officer and Vice President of Information Technology and Digital Office at Adient plc., a $17 billion global automotive seating manufacturer. She also served on Adient’s audit committee. Prior to joining Adient, Ms. Haislet spent twenty-five years with Johnson Controls Inc., a $42 billion diversified technology corporation. At Johnson Controls, Ms. Haislet held a variety of positions of increasing seniority, culminating in her being appointed Chief Information Officer and Vice President of Information Technology, Power Solutions, in October 2014. Ms. Haislet holds an Executive Masters of Business Administration from the Quantic School of Business and Technology, a Graduate Certificate in SAP from Central Michigan University, a Masters in Computer Information Systems from Grand Valley State University and a Bachelor in Arts from the University of Michigan.
John Hewitt.   Mr. Hewitt has served as our President of the Americas since February 7, 2020. From October 2017 until the Business Combination, Mr. Hewitt served as President of the Americas of Vertiv, with responsibility for business development and operations in the United States, Central and Latin America and Canada. Mr. Hewitt is a global business executive with more than 25 years of experience leading both high-growth and turnaround businesses through multiple market cycles in the technology and industrial markets. Prior to joining Vertiv, Mr. Hewitt held a variety of global P&L, strategy, business development and financial leadership roles in the United States, EMEA, South America and Asia. In 2017, he served as Vice President and Managing Director at Aptiv PLC (NYSE: APTV), a global technology and mobility company primarily serving the automotive sector. From 2014 to 2016, he served as Senior Vice President and General Manager at TE Connectivity Ltd. (NYSE: TEL), a global industrial technology provider of connectivity and sensor solutions. Mr. Hewitt earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Finance and Accounting from Oklahoma State University and an MBA in International Business from the Thunderbird School of Global Management.
Patrick Johnson.   Mr. Johnson has served as our Executive Vice President of Information Technology and Edge Infrastructure (“ITEI”) since February 7, 2020. From November 2017 until the Business Combination, Mr. Johnson served as Vertiv’s Executive Vice President of the ITEI. Mr. Johnson started his career with Systems Enhancement Corporation, which was sold to APC in 1997. Mr. Johnson stayed on with APC for 10 years until it was acquired by Schneider Electric in 2007. From 2010 to 2016, Mr. Johnson was Vice President of Rack Systems at Schneider Electric and was then promoted to Senior Vice President of Datacenter Systems, having responsibility for the product lines of Racks, Rack PDUs, Thermal and Software. In late 2016, Mr. Johnson joined Artesyn Embedded Technologies, where he served as Senior Vice President of Strategic Initiatives. Mr. Johnson earned a Bachelor of Science in Engineering Management from The Missouri University of Science and Technology. Patrick Johnson is the brother of Rob Johnson who serves as our Chief Executive Officer.
Steve Lalla.   Mr. Lalla has served as our Executive Vice President of Service and Software Solutions since February 7, 2020. From June 2018 until the Business Combination, Mr. Lalla served as Executive Vice President, Service and Software Solutions of Vertiv, overseeing a global portfolio that includes services and software solutions for power, thermal and industrial products. Mr. Lalla has more than 30 years of experience in the technology industry running businesses that delivered hardware platforms, software and service solutions, as well as data center transformation. Prior to joining Vertiv, from 2013 to 2017, Mr. Lalla was Senior Vice President of the Cloud Client Computing and Data Security business of Dell Corporation (NYSE: DELL). Mr. Lalla grew these businesses through organic investments and strategic acquisitions, resulting in industry leading PC security solutions and virtual desktop solutions for hyper converged data centers. Mr. Lalla began his career at Dell in 2009 as Vice President for the Commercial PC business. Prior to joining Dell, Mr. Lalla led Mass Market Products for Motorola’s (NYSE: MSI) Mobile Devices division from 2002 to 2009. Mr. Lalla holds a Master’s Degree in Business Administration from the Kellstadt Graduate School of Business at DePaul University and a Bachelor’s Degree in economics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Stephen Liang.   Mr. Liang has served as our President of Asia Pacific since February 7, 2020. Mr. Liang previously served as the President of Vertiv in Asia Pacific where he was responsible for Vertiv’s operations and business development in the Asia Pacific region. Mr. Liang began working at Emerson in 1994, when he worked in Astec, a business specializing in power supply solutions for the computing and communications industries. At the beginning, he served as Vice President of Manufacturing Operations in the Philippines and was then promoted to Executive Vice President of Asian Operations in 1998. He then was
 
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promoted to President of Emerson Network Power China in 2001, leading the merging of four organizations and migrating R&D and production facilities. In 2009, Mr. Liang became President, Emerson Network Power Asia Pacific, responsible for all of Network Power’s Asia Pacific businesses including China, India and Australia. In 2014, as Group Vice President, Mr. Liang also managed the global telecom business. Mr. Liang holds a Bachelor’s Degree and a Master’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Gary Niederpruem.   Mr. Niederpruem has served as our Chief Strategy and Development Officer since February 7, 2020. From 2018 until the Business Combination, Mr. Niederpruem served as the Chief Strategy and Development Officer of Vertiv and was responsible for leading the marketing, strategy and M&A functions. Mr. Niederpruem has more than 20 years of experience in analyzing market trends, engaging customers and setting corporate-wide and business unit offering strategies to align with the market. He has driven strategy and growth initiatives through both organic and inorganic activities. Prior to joining Vertiv, Mr. Niederpruem held a variety of P&L and product management leadership roles at Emerson and Danaher. From 2011 to 2014, Mr. Niederpruem was the General Manager of the Integrated Modular Solutions business and Vice President of Product Management of Emerson (NYSE: EMR). In 2014, he was named Vice President of Global Marketing for Emerson Network Power and, in mid-2016, he assumed oversight for the strategy function serving as Executive Vice President, Marketing, Strategy and Development. Mr. Niederpruem attended John Carroll University where he received a Bachelor’s Degree in Marketing and Logistics. He also has a Master’s Degree in Business from the University of Notre Dame.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our Board has three standing committees: an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. Each of our audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee are composed solely of independent directors. Each committee operates under a charter that was approved by our Board and has the composition and responsibilities described below. The charter of each committee is available on our website.
Audit Committee
The members of our audit committee are Steven S. Reinemund, Robin L. Washington and Edward L. Monser. Mr. Reinemund serves as the chairman of the audit committee.
Each member of the audit committee is financially literate and our Board has determined that Mr. Steven S. Reinemund qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules and has accounting or related financial management expertise.
We have adopted an audit committee charter, which details the purpose and principal functions of the audit committee, including:

assisting board oversight of (1) the integrity of our financial statements, (2) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, (3) our independent auditor’s qualifications and independence, and (4) the performance of our internal audit function and independent auditors;

the appointment, compensation, retention, replacement, and oversight of the work of the independent auditors and any other independent registered public accounting firm engaged by us;

pre-approving all audit and non-audit services to be provided by the independent auditors or any other registered public accounting firm engaged by us, and establishing pre-approval policies and procedures;

reviewing and discussing with the independent auditors all relationships the auditors have with us in order to evaluate their continued independence;

setting clear hiring policies for employees or former employees of the independent auditors;

setting clear policies for audit partner rotation in compliance with applicable laws and regulations;

obtaining and reviewing a report, at least annually, from the independent auditors describing (1) the independent auditor’s internal quality-control procedures and (2) any material issues raised by the
 
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most recent internal quality-control review, or peer review, of the audit firm, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities, within the preceding five years respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the firm and any steps taken to deal with such issues;

meeting to review and discuss our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and the independent auditor, including reviewing our specific management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations disclosure;

reviewing and approving any related party transaction required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC prior to us entering into such transaction; and

reviewing with management, the independent auditors, and our legal advisors, as appropriate, any legal, regulatory or compliance matters, including any correspondence with regulators or government agencies and any employee complaints or published reports that raise material issues regarding our financial statements or accounting policies and any significant changes in accounting standards or rules promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC or other regulatory authorities.
Compensation Committee
The members of our compensation committee are Roger Fradin, Joseph van Dokkum and Steven S. Reinemund. Mr. Fradin serves as the chairman of the compensation committee.
We have adopted a compensation committee charter, which details the purpose and responsibility of the compensation committee, including:

reviewing and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to our Chief Executive Officer’s compensation, evaluating our Chief Executive Officer’s performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if any) of our Chief Executive Officer based on such evaluation;

reviewing and making recommendations to our Board with respect to the compensation, and any incentive-compensation and equity-based plans that are subject to board approval of all of our other officers;

reviewing our executive compensation policies and plans;

implementing and administering our incentive compensation equity-based remuneration plans;

assisting management in complying with our proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements;

approving all special perquisites, special cash payments and other special compensation and benefit arrangements for our officers and employees;

producing a report on executive compensation to be included in our annual proxy statement; and

reviewing, evaluating and recommending changes, if appropriate, to the remuneration for directors.
The charter also provides that the compensation committee may, in its sole discretion, retain or obtain the advice of a compensation consultant, independent legal counsel or other adviser and is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any such adviser. However, before engaging or receiving advice from a compensation consultant, external legal counsel or any other adviser, the compensation committee will consider the independence of each such adviser, including the factors required by the NYSE and the SEC.
 
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Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The members of our nominating and corporate governance committee are Joseph van Dokkum, Roger Fradin and Edward L. Monser. Mr. van Dokkum serves as the chairman of the Nominating Committee.
We have adopted a nominating and corporate governance committee charter, which details the purpose and responsibilities of the nominating and corporate governance committee, including:

identifying, screening and reviewing individuals qualified to serve as directors, consistent with criteria approved by the board, and recommending to our Board candidates for nomination for election at the annual meeting of stockholders or to fill vacancies on our Board;

developing and recommending to our Board and overseeing implementation of our corporate governance guidelines;

coordinating and overseeing the annual self-evaluation of our Board, its committees, individual directors and management in the governance of the company; and

reviewing on a regular basis our overall corporate governance and recommending improvements as and when necessary.
The charter also provides that the nominating and corporate governance committee may, in its sole discretion, retain or obtain the advice of, and terminate, any search firm to be used to identify director candidates, and is directly responsible for approving the search firm’s fees and other retention terms.
We have not formally established any specific, minimum qualifications that must be met or skills that are necessary for directors to possess. In general, in identifying and evaluating nominees for director, our Board considers educational background, diversity of professional experience, knowledge of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom, and the ability to represent the best interests of our stockholders.
Director Independence
The rules of the NYSE require that a majority of our Board be independent. An “independent director” is defined generally as a person that, in the opinion of the company’s board of directors, has no material relationship with the listed company (either directly or as a partner, stockholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the company). We currently have five “independent directors” as defined in the NYSE rules and applicable SEC rules. Our Board has determined that each of Roger Fradin, Robin L. Washington, Joseph van Dokkum, Edward L. Monser and Steven S. Reinemund is an independent directors under applicable SEC and NYSE rules.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and other employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions. The code of ethics is available on our website, www.vertiv.com. We intend to make any legally required disclosures regarding amendments to, or waivers of, provisions of our code of ethics on our website.
 
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
The following summary of certain material terms of our securities is not intended to be a complete summary of the rights and preferences of such securities. You should refer to our Organizational Documents and the warrant agreement, which are included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The summary below is also qualified by reference to the provisions of the DGCL, as applicable.
Authorized and Outstanding Stock
Prior to the Business Combination, our Certificate of Incorporation authorized the issuance of 725,000,000 shares of capital stock, consisting of (1) 720,000,000 shares of common stock, including (a) 700,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and (b) 20,000,000 shares of our Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and (2) 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. Immediately prior to the completion of the Business Combination, each outstanding share of Class B common stock automatically converted into one share of Class A common stock and the number of authorized shares of Class B common stock was automatically reduced to zero. Following completion of the Business Combination, our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the issuance of 725,000,000 shares of capital stock, consisting of (1) 720,000,000 shares of common stock, including (a) 700,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and (b) 20,000,000 shares of undesignated common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and (2) 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share.
As of August 4, 2020, our issued and outstanding share capital consisted of: (i) 328,411,705 shares of Class A common stock, held of record by approximately 75 holders, (ii) no shares of preferred stock and (iii) 33,533,301 warrants, consisting of 22,999,968 public warrants and 10,533,333 private placement warrants, held of record by approximately 3 warrant holders. Such numbers do not include DTC participants or beneficial owners holding shares through nominee names.
Voting Power
Except as otherwise required by law or as otherwise provided in any certificate of designation for any series of preferred stock, under our Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of our common stock possess or will possess all voting power for the election of our directors and all other matters requiring stockholder action and will be entitled to one vote per share on matters to be voted on by stockholders. The holders of our common stock will at all times vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of the holders of our common stock.
Dividends
Subject to the rights, if any of the holders of any outstanding shares of preferred stock, holders of our common stock will be entitled to receive such dividends and other distributions, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our Board in its discretion out of funds legally available therefor and shall share equally on a per share basis in such dividends and distributions.
Liquidation, Dissolution and Winding Up
In the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of our common stock will be entitled to receive all of our remaining assets available for distribution to stockholders, ratably in proportion to the number of shares of our common stock held by them, after the rights of the holders of the preferred stock have been satisfied.
 
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Preemptive or Other Rights
Our stockholders will have no preemptive or other subscription rights and there are no sinking fund or redemption provisions applicable to our common stock.
Election of Directors
There is no cumulative voting with respect to the election of directors, with the result that directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders by holders of our Class A common stock.
Preferred Stock
Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that shares of preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. Our Board is authorized to fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional, special and other rights, if any, and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, applicable to the shares of each series. Our Board may, without stockholder approval, issue preferred stock with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of the common stock and could have anti-takeover effects. The ability of our Board to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of us or the removal of existing management. We have no preferred stock outstanding at the date hereof. Although we do not currently intend to issue any shares of preferred stock, we cannot assure you that we will not do so in the future.
Units
The units began trading on the NYSE under the symbol “GSAH.U” on June 8, 2018. On July 27, 2018, we announced that holders of our units may elect to separately trade the Class A common stock and warrants underlying the units. Each unit consists of one share of Class A common stock and one-third of one redeemable warrant. Each whole warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of our Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment as described in this prospectus. Only whole warrants will be issued on separation of units, and only whole warrants may be traded and be exercised for Class A common stock. Unless otherwise stated in this prospectus or as the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus to Class A common stock or warrants include such securities underlying the units.
Warrants
Public Warrants
Each whole warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of our Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment as discussed below, at any time. Pursuant to the warrant agreement, a warrant holder may exercise its warrants only for a whole number of shares of Class A common stock. The warrants will expire on February 7, 2025, at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
We are not obligated to deliver any shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the exercise of a warrant and will have no obligation to settle such warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the issuance of the shares of Class A common issuable upon exercise of the warrants is then effective and a current prospectus relating to those shares of Class A common stock is available, subject to our satisfying our obligations described below with respect to registration. No warrant will be exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, and we will not be obligated to issue any shares to holders seeking to exercise their warrants, unless the issuance of the shares upon such exercise is registered or qualified under the securities laws of the state of the exercising holder, or an exemption from registration is available. In the event that the conditions in the two immediately preceding sentences are not satisfied with respect to a warrant, the holder of such warrant will not be entitled to exercise such warrant and such warrant may have no value and expire worthless. In the event that a registration statement is not effective
 
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for the exercised warrants, the purchaser of a unit containing such warrant will have paid the full purchase price for the unit solely for the share of Class A common stock underlying such unit.
The registration statement of which this prospectus is a part provides for the registration, under the Securities Act, of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants. We will use our best efforts to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement, and a current prospectus relating thereto, until the warrants expire or are redeemed. Notwithstanding the above, if our Class A common stock is at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that it satisfies the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, we may, at our option, require holders of public warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and, in the event we so elect, we will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, but will use our best efforts to qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.
Redemption of Warrants for Cash. Once the warrants become exercisable, we may call the warrants for redemption:

in whole and not in part;

at a price of $0.01 per warrant;

upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, or the 30-day redemption period, to each warrant holder; and

if, and only if, the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which we send the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.
If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws.
We have established the last of the redemption criterion discussed above to prevent a redemption call unless there is at the time of the call a significant premium to the warrant exercise price. If the foregoing conditions are satisfied and we issue a notice of redemption of the warrants, each warrant holder will be entitled to exercise his, her or its warrant prior to the scheduled redemption date. However, the price of the Class A common stock may fall below the $18.00 redemption trigger price as well as the $11.50 warrant exercise price after the redemption notice is issued.
Redemption of Warrants for Shares of Class A Common Stock.   We may redeem the outstanding warrants (except as described herein with respect to the private placement warrants):

in whole and not in part;

at a price equal to a number of shares of Class A common stock to be determined by reference to the table below, based on the redemption date and the “fair market value” of our Class A common stock (as defined below) except as otherwise described below;

upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, or the 30-day redemption period, to each warrant holder; and

if, and only if, the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock equals or exceeds $10.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) on the trading day prior to the date on which we send the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.
The numbers in the table below represent the “redemption prices,” or the number of shares of Class A common stock that a warrant holder will receive upon redemption by us pursuant to this redemption feature, based on the “fair market value” of our Class A common stock on the corresponding redemption date, determined based on the average of the last reported sales price for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants, and the number of months that the corresponding redemption date precedes the expiration date of the warrants, each as set forth in the table below.
 
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The stock prices set forth in the column headings of the table below will be adjusted as of any date on which the number of shares issuable upon exercise of a warrant is adjusted as set forth in the first three paragraphs under the heading “— Anti-dilution Adjustments” below. The adjusted stock prices in the column headings will equal the stock prices immediately prior to such adjustment, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares deliverable upon exercise of a warrant immediately prior to such adjustment and the denominator of which is the number of shares deliverable upon exercise of a warrant as so adjusted. The number of shares in the table below shall be adjusted in the same manner and at the same time as the number of shares issuable upon exercise of a warrant.
Redemption Date (period to expiration
of warrants)
Fair Market Value of Class A Common Stock
$10.00
$11.00
$12.00
$13.00
$14.00
$15.00
$16.00
$17.00
$18.00
57 months
0.257 0.277 0.294 0.310 0.324 0.337 0.348 0.358 0.365
54 months
0.252 0.272 0.291 0.307 0.322 0.335 0.347 0.357 0.365
51 months
0.246 0.268 0.287 0.304 0.320 0.333 0.346 0.357 0.365
48 months
0.241 0.263 0.283 0.301 0.317 0.332 0.344 0.356 0.365
45 months
0.235 0.258 0.279 0.298 0.315 0.330 0.343 0.356 0.365
42 months
0.228 0.252 0.274 0.294 0.312 0.328 0.342 0.355 0.364
39 months
0.221 0.246 0.269 0.290 0.309 0.325 0.340 0.354 0.364
36 months
0.213 0.239 0.263 0.285 0.305 0.323 0.339 0.353 0.364
33 months
0.205 0.232 0.257 0.280 0.301 0.320 0.337 0.352 0.364
30 months
0.196 0.224 0.250 0.274 0.297 0.316 0.335 0.351 0.364
27 months
0.185 0.214 0.242 0.268 0.291 0.313 0.332 0.350 0.364
24 months
0.173 0.204 0.233 0.260 0.285 0.308 0.329 0.348 0.364
21 months
0.161 0.193 0.223 0.252 0.279 0.304 0.326 0.347 0.364
18 months
0.146 0.179 0.211 0.242 0.271 0.298 0.322 0.345 0.363
15 months
0.130 0.164 0.197 0.230 0.262 0.291 0.317 0.342 0.363
12 months
0.111 0.146 0.181 0.216 0.250 0.282 0.312 0.339 0.363
9 months
0.090 0.125 0.162 0.199 0.237 0.272 0.305 0.336 0.362
6 months
0.065 0.099 0.137 0.178 0.219 0.259 0.296 0.331 0.362
3 months
0.034 0.065 0.104 0.150 0.197 0.243 0.286 0.326 0.361
0 months
0.042 0.115 0.179 0.233 0.281 0.323 0.361
The exact fair market value and redemption date may not be set forth in the table above, in which case, if the fair market value is between two values in the table or the redemption date is between two redemption dates in the table, the number of shares of Class A common stock to be issued for each warrant redeemed will be determined by a straight-line interpolation between the number of shares set forth for the higher and lower fair market values and the earlier and later redemption dates, as applicable, based on a 365 or 366-day year, as applicable. For example, if the average last reported sale price of our Class A common stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading date prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of the warrants is $11 per share, and at such time there are 57 months until the expiration of the warrants, we may choose to, pursuant to this redemption feature, redeem the warrants at a “redemption price” of 0.277 shares of Class A common stock for each whole warrant. For an example where the exact fair market value and redemption date are not as set forth in the table above, if the average last reported sale price of our Class A stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading date prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of the warrants is $13.50 per share, and at such time there are 38 months until the expiration of the warrants, we may choose to, pursuant to this redemption feature, redeem the warrants at a “redemption price” of 0.298 shares of Class A common stock for each whole warrant. Finally, as reflected in the table above, we can redeem the warrants for no consideration in the event that the warrants are “out of the money” (i.e. the trading price of our Class A common stock is below the exercise price of the warrants) and about to expire.
 
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Any public warrants held by our officers or directors will be subject to this redemption feature, except that such officers and directors shall only receive “fair market value” for such public warrants so redeemed (“fair market value” for such public warrants held by our officers or directors being defined as the last reported sale price of the public warrants on such redemption date).
This redemption feature is structured to allow for all of the outstanding warrants (other than the private placement warrants) to be redeemed when the Class A common stock is trading at or above $10.00 per share, which may be at a time when the trading price of our Class A common stock is below the exercise price of the warrants. We have established this redemption feature to provide us with the flexibility to redeem the warrants for shares of Class A common stock, instead of cash, for “fair value” without the warrants having to reach the $18.00 per share threshold set forth above under “— Redemption of Warrants for Cash.” Holders of the warrants will, in effect, receive a number of shares representing fair value for their warrants based on a Black-Scholes option pricing model with a fixed volatility input. This redemption right provides us not only with an additional mechanism by which to redeem all of the outstanding warrants, in this case, for shares of Class A common stock, and therefore have certainty as to (1) our capital structure as the warrants would no longer be outstanding and would have been exercised or redeemed and (2) to the amount of cash provided by the exercise of the warrants and available to us, and also provides a ceiling to the theoretical value of the warrants as it locks in the “redemption prices” we would pay to warrant holders if we chose to redeem warrants in this manner. We will effectively be required to pay fair value to warrant holders if we choose to exercise this redemption right and it will allow us to quickly proceed with a redemption of the warrants for shares of Class A common stock if we determine it is in our best interest to do so. As such, we would redeem the warrants in this manner when we believe it is in our best interest to update our capital structure to remove the warrants and pay fair value to the warrant holders. In particular, it would allow us to quickly redeem the warrants for shares of Class A common stock, without having to negotiate a redemption price with the warrant holders. In addition, the warrant holders will have the ability to exercise the warrants prior to redemption if they should choose to do so.
As stated above, we can redeem the warrants when the Class A common stock is trading at a price starting at $10, which is below the exercise price of $11.50, because it will provide certainty with respect to our capital structure and cash position while providing warrant holders with fair value (in the form of shares of Class A common stock). If we choose to redeem the warrants when the Class A common stock is trading at a price below the exercise price of the warrants, this could result in the warrant holders receiving fewer shares of Class A common stock than they would have received if they had chosen to wait to exercise their warrants for shares of Class A common stock if and when our Class A common stock is trading at a price higher than the exercise price of $11.50.
No fractional shares of Class A common stock will be issued upon redemption. If, upon redemption, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, we will round down to the nearest whole number of the number of shares of Class A common stock to be issued to the holder.
Redemption Procedures and Cashless Exercise.   If we call the warrants for redemption as described above, our management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise warrants to do so on a “cashless basis.” In determining whether to require all holders to exercise their warrants on a “cashless basis,” our management will consider, among other factors, our cash position, the number of warrants that are outstanding and the dilutive effect on our stockholders of issuing the maximum number of shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of our warrants. In such event, each holder would pay the exercise price by surrendering the warrants for that number of shares of Class A common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Class A common stock underlying the warrants, multiplied by the excess of the “fair market value” (defined below) over the exercise price of the warrants by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” shall mean the average last reported sale price of the Class A common stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants. If our management takes advantage of this option, the notice of redemption will contain the information necessary to calculate the number of shares of Class A common stock to be received upon exercise of the warrants, including the “fair market value” in such case. Requiring a cashless exercise in this manner will reduce the number of shares to be issued and thereby lessen the dilutive effect of a warrant redemption. We believe this feature is an attractive option to us if we do not need the cash from the exercise of the warrants. If we call our warrants
 
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for redemption and our management does not take advantage of this option, the Sponsor Members and their respective permitted transferees would still be entitled to exercise their private placement warrants for cash or on a cashless basis using the same formula described above that other warrant holders would have been required to use had all warrant holders been required to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis, as described in more detail below.
A holder of a warrant may notify us in writing in the event it elects to be subject to a requirement that such holder will not have the right to exercise such warrant, to the extent that after giving effect to such exercise, such person (together with such person’s affiliates), would beneficially own in excess of 9.8% (or such other amount as a holder may specify) of the shares of Class A common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise.
Anti-Dilution Adjustments.   If the number of outstanding shares of Class A common stock is increased by a stock dividend payable in shares of Class A common stock, or by a split-up of shares of Class A common stock or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such stock dividend, split-up or similar event, the number of shares of Class A common stock issuable on exercise of each warrant will be increased in proportion to such increase in the outstanding shares of Class A common stock. A rights offering to holders of Class A common stock entitling holders to purchase shares of Class A common stock at a price less than the fair market value will be deemed a stock dividend of a number of shares of Class A common stock equal to the product of (1) the number of shares of Class A common stock actually sold in such rights offering (or issuable under any other equity securities sold in such rights offering that are convertible into or exercisable for Class A common stock) multiplied by (2) one minus the quotient of (x) the price per share of Class A common stock paid in such rights offering divided by (y) the fair market value. For these purposes (1) if the rights offering is for securities convertible into or exercisable for Class A common stock, in determining the price payable for Class A common stock, there will be taken into account any consideration received for such rights, as well as any additional amount payable upon exercise or conversion and (2) fair market value means the volume weighted average price of Class A common stock as reported during the ten trading day period ending on the trading day prior to the first date on which the shares of Class A common stock trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, without the right to receive such rights.
In addition, if we, at any time while the warrants are outstanding and unexpired, pay a dividend or make a distribution in cash, securities or other assets to the holders of Class A common stock on account of such shares of Class A common stock (or other shares of our capital stock into which the warrants are convertible), other than (a) as described above, (b) certain ordinary cash dividends, or (c) to satisfy the redemption rights of the holders of Class A common stock in connection with the Business Combination, then the warrant exercise price will be decreased, effective immediately after the effective date of such event, by the amount of cash and/or the fair market value of any securities or other assets paid on each share of Class A common stock in respect of such event.
If the number of outstanding shares of our Class A common stock is decreased by a consolidation, combination, reverse stock split or reclassification of shares of Class A common stock or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such consolidation, combination, reverse stock split, reclassification or similar event, the number of shares of Class A common stock issuable on exercise of each warrant will be decreased in proportion to such decrease in outstanding shares of Class A common stock.
Whenever the number of shares of Class A common stock purchasable upon the exercise of the warrants is adjusted, as described above, the warrant exercise price will be adjusted by multiplying the warrant exercise price immediately prior to such adjustment by a fraction (x) the numerator of which will be the number of shares of Class A common stock purchasable upon the exercise of the warrants immediately prior to such adjustment, and (y) the denominator of which will be the number of shares of Class A common stock so purchasable immediately thereafter.
In case of any reclassification or reorganization of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock (other than those described above or that solely affects the par value of such shares of Class A common stock), or in the case of any merger or consolidation of us with or into another corporation (other than a consolidation or merger in which we are the continuing corporation and that does not result in any reclassification or reorganization of our outstanding shares of Class A common stock), or in the case of
 
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any sale or conveyance to another corporation or entity of the assets or other property of us as an entirety or substantially as an entirety in connection with which we are dissolved, the holders of the warrants will thereafter have the right to purchase and receive, upon the basis and upon the terms and conditions specified in the warrants and in lieu of the shares of our Class A common stock immediately theretofore purchasable and receivable upon the exercise of the rights represented thereby, the kind and amount of shares of stock or other securities or property (including cash) receivable upon such reclassification, reorganization, merger or consolidation, or upon a dissolution following any such sale or transfer, that the holder of the warrants would have received if such holder had exercised their warrants immediately prior to such event. However, if such holders were entitled to exercise a right of election as to the kind or amount of securities, cash or other assets receivable upon such consolidation or merger, then the kind and amount of securities, cash or other assets for which each warrant will become exercisable will be deemed to be the weighted average of the kind and amount received per share by such holders in such consolidation or merger that affirmatively make such election, and if a tender, exchange or redemption offer has been made to and accepted by such holders under circumstances in which, upon completion of such tender or exchange offer, the maker thereof, together with members of any group (within the meaning of Rule 13d-5(b)(1) under the Exchange Act) of which such maker is a part, and together with any affiliate or associate of such maker (within the meaning of Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act) and any members of any such group of which any such affiliate or associate is a part, own beneficially (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock, the holder of a warrant will be entitled to receive the highest amount of cash, securities or other property to which such holder would actually have been entitled as a stockholder if such warrant holder had exercised the warrant prior to the expiration of such tender or exchange offer, accepted such offer and all of the Class A common stock held by such holder had been purchased pursuant to such tender or exchange offer, subject to adjustments (from and after the consummation of such tender or exchange offer) as nearly equivalent as possible to the adjustments provided for in the warrant agreement. Additionally, if less than 70% of the consideration receivable by the holders of Class A common stock in such a transaction is payable in the form of Class A common stock in the successor entity that is listed for trading on a national securities exchange or is quoted in an established over-the-counter market, or is to be so listed for trading or quoted immediately following such event, and if the registered holder of the warrant properly exercises the warrant within thirty days following public disclosure of such transaction, the warrant exercise price will be reduced as specified in the warrant agreement based on the per share consideration minus Black-Scholes Warrant Value (as defined in the warrant agreement) of the warrant.
The warrants have been issued under a warrant agreement between Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and Computershare Inc., acting together as warrant agent, and us. You should review a copy of the warrant agreement, which will be filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, for a description of the terms and conditions applicable to the warrants. The warrant agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of public warrants.
The warrants may be exercised upon surrender of the warrant certificate on or prior to the expiration date at the offices of the warrant agent, with the exercise form on the reverse side of the warrant certificate completed and executed as indicated, accompanied by full payment of the exercise price (or on a cashless basis, if applicable), by certified or official bank check payable to us, for the number of warrants being exercised. The warrant holders do not have the rights or privileges of holders of Class A common stock and any voting rights until they exercise their warrants and receive shares of Class A common stock. After the issuance of shares of Class A common stock upon exercise of the warrants, each holder will be entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters to be voted on by stockholders.
No fractional warrants will be issued upon separation of the units and only whole warrants will trade.
 
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Private Placement Warrants
Sponsor purchased 10,533,333 private placement warrants at a price of $1.50 per warrant for an aggregate purchase price of $15,800,000 in a private placement that occurred concurrently with the IPO. Immediately prior to the completion of the Business Combination, Sponsor dissolved and distributed 5,266,667 private placement warrants to the Cote Sponsor Member and 5,266,666 to the GS Sponsor Member. With certain limited exceptions, the private placement warrants and the respective Class A common stock underlying such warrants were not transferable, assignable or salable (except to our officers and directors and other persons or entities affiliated with the Sponsor Members, each of whom will be subject to the same transfer restrictions) until March 30, 2020. The private placement warrants will not be redeemable by us so long as they are held by the Sponsor Members or their respective permitted transferees. The Sponsor Members, or their respective permitted transferees, have the option to exercise the private placement warrants on a cashless basis and are entitled to certain registration rights. See “Business Combination — Related Agreements — Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement.” Otherwise, the private placement warrants have terms and provisions that are identical to those of the public warrants. If the private placement warrants are held by holders other than the Sponsor Members or their respective permitted transferees, the private placement warrants will be redeemable by us and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as the warrants included in the units.
If holders of the private placement warrants elect to exercise them on a cashless basis, they would pay the exercise price by surrendering his, her or its warrants for that number of shares of Class A common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Class A common stock underlying the warrants, multiplied by the excess of the “fair market value” (defined below) over the exercise price of the warrants by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” shall mean the average last reported sale price of the Class A common stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of warrants. If a holder of private placement warrants is affiliated with us, their ability to sell our securities in the open market will be significantly limited. We have policies in place that prohibit insiders from selling our securities except during specific periods of time. Even during such periods of time when insiders will be permitted to sell our securities, an insider cannot trade in our securities if he or she is in possession of material non-public information. Accordingly, unlike public stockholders who could exercise their warrants and sell the shares of Class A common stock received upon such exercise freely in the open market in order to recoup the cost of such exercise, the insiders could be significantly restricted from selling such securities.
Dividends
We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock to date. We expect to initiate an annual dividend of $0.01 per share of our Class A common stock. We are a holding company without any direct operations and have no significant assets other than our ownership interest in Second Merger Sub. Accordingly, our ability to pay dividends depends upon the financial condition, liquidity and results of operations of, and our receipt of dividends, loans or other funds from, our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation to make funds available to us. In addition, there are various statutory, regulatory and contractual limitations and business considerations on the extent, if any, to which our subsidiaries may pay dividends, make loans or otherwise provide funds to us. For example, the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions, loans and other payments to us for the purposes described above and for any other purpose may be limited by the terms of the agreements governing our outstanding indebtedness. The declaration and payment of dividends is also at the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends on various factors including our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors.
In addition, under Delaware law, our Board of Directors may declare dividends only to the extent of our surplus (which is defined as total assets at fair market value minus total liabilities, minus statutory capital) or, if there is no surplus, out of our net profits for the then-current and/or immediately preceding fiscal year.
 
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Transfer Agent
The transfer agent for our common stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and our warrant agent for our warrants is Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and Computershare Inc. (collectively, “Computershare”), acting together. We have agreed to indemnify and hold harmless Computershare in its roles as transfer agent from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, costs, charges, counsel fees and expenses, payments, expenses and liability arising out of or attributable to Computershare’s duties as transfer agent, except for Computershare’s negligence, willful misconduct or breach of confidentiality. We have also agreed to indemnify and hold harmless Computershare in its roles as warrant agent against any costs, expenses (including reasonable fees of its legal counsel), losses or damages, which may be paid, incurred or suffered by or to which it may become subject, arising from or out of, directly or indirectly, any claims or liability resulting from its actions as warrant agent; provided, however, that such covenant and agreement of us does not extend to, and Computershare shall not be indemnified with respect to, such costs, expenses, losses and damages incurred or suffered by Computershare as a result of, or arising out of, its gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct (each as determined by a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction).
Certain Anti-Takeover Provisions of Delaware Law, the Charter and Bylaws
Our Certificate of Incorporation contains provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that stockholders may consider to be in their best interests. We are also subject to anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law, which could delay or prevent a change of control. Together, these provisions may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities. Certain of these provisions provide:

no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;

the requirement that directors may only be removed from the Board for cause;

the right of our Board to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our Board or the resignation, death or removal of a director in certain circumstances, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our Board;

a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

a prohibition on stockholders calling a special meeting and the requirement that a meeting of stockholders may only be called by members of our Board or the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors; and

advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our Board or to propose matters to be acted upon at a meeting of stockholders, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company.
Forum Selection
Our Certificate of Incorporation includes a forum selection clause, which provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring: (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company; (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees of the Company to the Company or our stockholders; (c) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our certificate of incorporation or bylaws; or (d) any action asserting a claims governed by the internal affairs doctrine, except for, as to each of (a) through (d) above, any claim (i) as to which the Court of Chancery determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination), (ii) which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of
 
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a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery, (iii) for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction or (iv) arising under the federal securities laws, including the Securities Act, as to which the Court of Chancery and the federal district court for the District of Delaware shall concurrently be the sole and exclusive forums. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the forum selection clause will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the sole and exclusive forum.
Stockholders Agreement
At the closing of the Business Combination, the Company, the GS Sponsor Member, the Cote Sponsor Member and the Vertiv Stockholder entered into the Stockholders Agreement. Pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, the Vertiv Stockholder will have the right to nominate up to four directors to our Board of Directors, subject to its ownership percentage of the total outstanding shares of Class A common stock. If the Vertiv Stockholder holds: (i) 30% or greater of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will have the right to nominate four directors (two of which must be independent); (ii) less than 30% but greater than or equal to 20% of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will have the right to nominate three directors (one of which must be independent); (iii) less than 20% but greater than or equal to 10% of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will have the right to nominate two directors; (iv) less than 10% but greater than or equal to 5% of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will have the right to nominate one director; and (iv) less than 5% of the outstanding Class A common stock, it will not have the right to nominate any directors. As long as the Vertiv Stockholder has the right to nominate at least one director, the Vertiv Stockholder shall have certain rights to appoint its nominees to committees of the Board of Directors and the Company shall take certain actions to ensure the number of directors serving on the Board of Directors does not exceed nine. In addition, the Stockholders Agreement provides that so long as the Company has any Executive Chairman or Chief Executive Officer as a named executive officer, the Company shall take certain actions to include such Executive Chairman or Chief Executive Officer on the slate of nominees recommended by the Board of Directors for election. The Stockholders Agreement also provides that, for so long as the Vertiv Stockholder holds at least 5% of our outstanding Class A common stock, the Vertiv Stockholder will have the right to designate an observer to attend meetings of the Board, subject to certain limitations.
Listing
Our Class A common stock, warrants and units are traded on the NYSE under the symbols “VRT,” “VRT WS” and “VERT.U,” respectively.
 
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SECURITIES ACT RESTRICTIONS ON RESALE OF SECURITIES
Rule 144
Pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act (“Rule 144”), a person who has beneficially owned restricted shares of our common stock or our warrants for at least six months would be entitled to sell their securities provided that (1) such person is not deemed to have been an affiliate of us at the time of, or at any time during the three months preceding, a sale and (2) we are subject to the Exchange Act periodic reporting requirements for at least three months before the sale and have filed all required reports under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the 12 months (or such shorter period as we were required to file reports) preceding the sale.
Persons who have beneficially owned restricted shares of our common stock or our warrants for at least six months but who are affiliates of us at the time of, or at any time during the three months preceding, a sale, would be subject to additional restrictions, by which such person would be entitled to sell within any three-month period only a number of securities that does not exceed the greater of:

1% of the total number of shares of our common stock then outstanding; or

the average weekly reported trading volume of our common stock during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale.
Sales by our affiliates under Rule 144 are also limited by manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about us.
Restrictions on the Use of Rule 144 by Shell Companies or Former Shell Companies
Rule 144 is generally not available for the resale of securities initially issued by shell companies or issuers that have been at any time previously a shell company. However, Rule 144 also includes an important exception to this prohibition if the following conditions are met:

the issuer of the securities that was formerly a shell company has ceased to be a shell company;

the issuer of the securities is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act;

the issuer of the securities has filed all Exchange Act reports and material required to be filed, as applicable, during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the issuer was required to file such reports and materials), other than Form 8-K reports; and

at least one year has elapsed from the time that the issuer filed current Form 10 type information with the SEC reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell company.
As of August 4, 2020, we had 328,411,705 shares of Class A common stock outstanding. Of these shares, 69,000,000 shares sold in our IPO are freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, except for any shares purchased by one of our affiliates within the meaning of Rule 144. All of the 17,250,000 founder shares owned by the Initial Stockholders are restricted securities under Rule 144, in that they were issued in private transactions not involving a public offering. All of the 118,261,955 Stock Consideration Shares we issued to the Vertiv Stockholder as part of the Stock Consideration pursuant to the Merger Agreement and 123,900,000 PIPE Shares we issued to the PIPE Investors pursuant to the Subscription Agreements are also restricted securities for purposes of Rule 144 (other than those that have been sold pursuant to an effective registration statement). The registration statement of which this prospectus is a part registers for resale all of the Stock Consideration Shares held by the Vertiv Stockholder, PIPE Shares held by the PIPE Investors and founder shares held by the Initial Stockholders and 293,332 shares of Class A common stock underlying the units that are Other Registrable Securities, and we are obligated to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement or applicable Subscription Agreements.
As of August 4, 2020, there are approximately 33,533,301 warrants outstanding, consisting of 22,999,968 public warrants originally sold as part of the units issued in the IPO and 10,533,333 private placement warrants that were sold by GSAH to the Sponsor in a private sale prior to the IPO. Each warrant is exercisable
 
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for one share of our Class A common stock, in accordance with the terms of the warrant agreement governing the warrants. The public warrants are freely tradable, other than 73,332 public warrants underlying the units that are Other Registrable Securities. In addition, we have filed the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part under the Securities Act covering the 33,533,301 shares of our Class A common stock that may be issued upon exercise of the warrants and resales by the Selling Holders of the 10,533,333 private placement warrants and 73,332 public warrants underlying the units that are Other Registrable Securities, and we are obligated to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement until the expiration or redemption of the warrants.
Of the 69,000,000 units sold in our IPO, 220,000 units were purchased by our affiliates and are restricted securities under Rule 144. We have filed the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part under the Securities Act covering resales by the Selling Holders of the 220,000 units that are Other Registrable Securities, and we are obligated to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement.
While we were formed as a shell company, since the completion of the Business Combination we are no longer a shell company, and so, once the conditions set forth in the exceptions listed above are satisfied, Rule 144 will become available for the resale of the above noted restricted securities.
Lock-up Agreements
Founder Shares
Upon completion of the Business Combination, our founder shares automatically converted from Class B common stock into shares of Class A common stock. As of the date of this prospectus, the Initial Stockholders collectively own 17,250,000 founder shares. With certain limited exceptions, the founder shares are not transferable, assignable or salable (except to our officers and directors and other persons or entities affiliated with our Sponsor, each of whom will be subject to the same transfer restrictions) until the earlier of (1) February 7, 2021 and (2) (a) if the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing on or after July 6, 2020, or (b) the date on which we complete a liquidation, merger, stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction that results in all of our public stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Class A common stock for cash, securities or other property. The reported sale price of the Class A common stock exceeded $12.00 per share for the 20 trading days since July 6, 2020, and consequently, the lock-up expired on July 31, 2020.
Stock Consideration Shares
Upon completion of the Business Combination, the Vertiv Stockholder acquired the Stock Consideration Shares pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement. As of August 4, 2020, the Vertiv Stockholder owned 118,261,955 Stock Consideration Shares.
Form S-8 Registration Statement
We filed a registration statements on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register the shares of Class A common stock issued or issuable under our Incentive Plan. Any such Form S-8 registration statement will become effective automatically upon filing. The initial registration statement on Form S-8 covers approximately 33.5 million shares of Class A common stock. Since these shares are registered, they can be sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to Rule 144 limitations applicable to affiliates and vesting restrictions.
 
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BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES
The following table sets forth information known to the Company regarding the beneficial ownership of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock as of August 4, 2020 by:

each person who is known to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the Company’s outstanding Class A common stock;

each of the Company’s executive officers and directors; and

all executive officers and directors as a group.
Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days. Except as described in the footnotes below and subject to applicable community property laws and similar laws, the Company believes that each person listed below has sole voting and investment power with respect to such shares.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owners(1)
Number of Shares
Ownership
Percentage (%)
5% Holders (Other than Directors and Executive Officers)
VPE Holdings, LLC (the Vertiv Stockholder)(2)
118,261,955 36.01%
Directors and Executive Officers
David M. Cote(3)
15,889,167 4.84%
Rob Johnson
123,120 *
Roger Fradin(4)
368,333 *
Joseph van Dokkum(5)
25,000 *
Jacob Kotzubei
Matthew Louie
Edward L. Monser
44,000
Steven S. Reinemund(6)
368,333 *
Robin L. Washington(7)
10,000 *
Giordano Albertazzi
26,859 *
Andrew Cole
35,650 *
David J. Fallon
52,387 *
Colin Flannery
63,275 *
Jason M. Forcier
38,475 *
Sheryl Haislet
*
John Hewitt
35,650 *
Patrick Johnson
31,802 *
Steve Lalla
25,650 *
Stephen Liang
37,062 *
Gary Niederpruem
24,618 *
All directors and executive officers as a group (19 individuals)(8)
17,199,381 5.24%
*
Less than one percent
(1)
Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the following entities or individuals is 1050 Dearborn Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43085.
(2)
Represents shares owned directly by VPE Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. Vertiv
 
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JV Holdings, LLC owns a majority of the outstanding equity interests of VPE Holdings, LLC, and PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC owns a majority of the outstanding interests of Vertiv JV Holdings, LLC, and, accordingly, each may be deemed to beneficially own the shares owned directly by VPE Holdings, LLC. PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC is directly owned by six private equity investment funds, none of which private equity investment funds individually has the power to direct the voting or disposition of shares beneficially owned. Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC is the managing member of one of such funds and the managing member of the general partner of four of such funds. Through such positions, Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC has the indirect power to direct the voting of a majority of the outstanding equity interests of PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC. Platinum Equity Investment Holdings Manager III, LLC is the managing member of Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC. Platinum Equity InvestCo, L.P. owns all of the economic interests in Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC. Platinum Equity Investment Holdings IC (Cayman), LLC is the general partner of Platinum Equity InvestCo LP. Platinum InvestCo (Cayman), LLC holds a controlling interest in Platinum Equity InvestCo LP. Platinum Equity, LLC is sole member of Platinum Equity Investment Holdings Manager III, LLC and Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC. Platinum Equity also indirectly controls the other funds that own equity interests of PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC. Mr. Tom Gores is the beneficial owner of Platinum Equity, LLC. Accordingly, as a result of their indirect ownership and control of each of VPE Holdings, LLC, Vertiv JV Holdings, LLC and PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC, each of Platinum Equity Investment Holdings, LLC, Platinum Equity Investment Holdings Manager, LLC, Platinum Equity InvestCo, L.P., Platinum Equity Investment Holdings IC (Cayman), LLC, Platinum InvestCo (Cayman), LLC, Platinum Equity, LLC and Mr. Tom Gores may be deemed to beneficially own the shares owned directly by VPE Holdings, LLC. Mr. Tom Gores disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares owned directly by VPE Holdings, LLC, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. The business address of VPE Holdings, LLC and each party beneficially owning the shares held thereby is 360 North Crescent Drive, South Building, Beverly Hills, CA, 90210.
(3)
Interests shown include: (i) 8,572,500 founder shares held by Cote SPAC 1 LLC; (ii) 5,266,667 shares of Class A common stock underlying private placement warrants held by Cote SPAC 1 LLC; (iii) 2,000,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Atlanta Sons LLC; and (iv) 50,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Mr. Cote’s spouse. Mr. Cote is the manager of Cote SPAC 1 LLC and Atlanta Sons LLC. Mr. Cote disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by his spouse except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
(4)
Interests shown include: (i) 35,000 founder shares; (ii) 133,333 shares of Class A common stock underlying the units (including 100,000 shares of Class A common stock and 33,333 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants comprising the units); and (iii) 200,000 PIPE Shares.
(5)
Interests shown are held by Mr. Joseph van Dokkum and Mrs. Lynn van Dokkum, as tenants in common.
(6)
Interests shown include: (i) 35,000 founder shares; (ii) 133,333 shares of Class A common stock underlying the units (including 100,000 shares of Class A common stock and 33,333 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants comprising the units) held by 2017 Steven S Reinemund GRAT, of which Mr. Reinemund is trustee; and (iii) 200,000 PIPE Shares held by 2017 Steven S Reinemund GRAT, of which Mr. Reinemund is trustee.
(7)
Interests show are held by the Carl and Robin Washington Revocable Trust. Carl D. Washington and Robin L. Washington are trustees of the Carl and Robin Washington Revocable Trust.
(8)
Interests shown include: (i) 5,266,667 shares of Class A common stock underlying the private placement warrants held by the Cote SPAC 1 LLC; (ii) 133,333 shares of Class A common stock underlying the units (including 100,000 shares of Class A common stock and 33,333 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants comprising the units) held by Mr. Fradin; and (iii) 133,333 shares of Class A common stock underlying the units (including 100,000 shares of Class A common stock and 33,333 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants comprising the units) held by a trust controlled by Mr. Reinemund.
 
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
GSAH’s Related Party Transactions
Founder Shares
In May 2016, the Sponsor purchased 2,875,000 shares of Class B common stock for an aggregate price of $25,000, or approximately $0.0087 per share. On May 17, 2018, GSAH conducted a 1:6 stock split, resulting in the Sponsor holding 17,250,000 shares of Class B common stock. The financial statements of GSAH reflect the changes of the split retroactively for all periods prior to May 17, 2018. In May 2018, the Sponsor transferred 35,000 shares of Class B common stock to each of GSAH’s independent directors at their original purchase price. Immediately prior to the Business Combination, Sponsor distributed 8,572,000 shares of Class B common stock to each of the Sponsor Members.
The shares of Class B common stock were automatically convertible into shares of our Class A common stock at the time of GSAH’s initial business combination, or earlier at the option of the holder, on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment pursuant to certain anti-dilution rights, which anti-adjustment rights were waived in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, including the PIPE Investment. As a result of such waiver, the 17,250,000 shares of the Class B common stock automatically converted into shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis upon the consummation of the Business Combination. We refer to the shares of Class B common stock and the shares of Class A common stock that they converted into upon the consummation of the Business Combination as the “founder shares.” The founder shares are identical to GSAH’s public shares, except that: (1) prior to the Business Combination, only holders of the founder shares had the right to vote on the election of directors; (2) the founder shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions, as described in more detail below; (3) the Sponsor and each of GSAH’s officer and directors are party to a letter agreement with us, pursuant to which they agreed to waive certain rights with respect to their shares prior to the consummation of the Business Combination; and (4) the holders of founder shares are entitled to registration rights pursuant to the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement.
Subject to certain limited exceptions, the Initial Stockholders have agreed not to transfer, assign or sell any founder shares during the Sponsor Lock-up Period, which ends on the earlier of (1) February 7, 2021 and (2) (a) if the last reported sale price of the Class A common stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing on or after July 6, 2020, or (y) the date on which we complete a liquidation, merger, stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction that results in all of our public stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Class A common stock for cash, securities or other property. The reported sale price of the Class A common stock exceeded $12.00 per share for the 20 trading days since July 6, 2020, and consequently, the lock-up expired on July 31, 2020.
Private Placement Warrants
In connection with the completion of our IPO, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 10,533,333 private placement warrants, each exercisable to purchase one Class A common stock for $11.50 per share, at a price of $1.50 per private placement warrant, generating proceeds, before expenses, of $15,800,000. Immediately prior to the Business Combination, Sponsor distributed 5,266,667 private placement warrants to the Cote Sponsor Member and 5,266,666 private placement warrants to the GS Sponsor Member.
The private placement warrants will not be redeemable by us so long as they are held by the Sponsor Members or their respective permitted transferees. The Sponsor Members, or their respective permitted transfers, have the option to exercise the private placement warrants on a cashless basis and are entitled to certain registration rights pursuant to the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement.
Otherwise, the private placement warrants have terms and provisions that are identical to those of the public warrants. If the private placement warrants are held by holders other than the Sponsor Members or their permitted transferees, the private placement warrants will be redeemable by us and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as the public warrants.
 
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Registration Rights
The Initial Stockholders were entitled to registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement, which was amended and restated in connection with the Business Combination. The Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement grants the RRA Parties certain Registration Rights with respect to their registrable securities. For additional information, see “Business Combination — Related Agreements — Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement.”
Related Party Notes
On April 9, 2018, the Sponsor loaned GSAH $300,000 in unsecured promissory notes. The funds were used to pay a portion of the expenses related to the IPO. The note was non-interest bearing, unsecured and was paid to the Sponsor in connection with the closing of the IPO.
Sponsor Commitment
On March 11, 2019, the GS Sponsor Member provided GSAH with a commitment pursuant to which the GS Sponsor Member agreed that, if funds are needed by the Company through June 12, 2020 to pay ordinary course expenses, the GS Sponsor Member would provide the Company with liquidity of up to an aggregate of $2.0 million. The GS Sponsor Member did not receive any additional interest in the Company in exchange for any such contribution and any liquidity provided under the commitment was to be in the form of a contribution with respect to the Sponsor’s founder shares. This commitment was terminated in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination.
Administrative Services Agreement
GSAH entered into an agreement to pay an affiliate of the Sponsor a total of $10,000 per month for office space, utilities, administrative and support services. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 GSAH incurred expenses of $120,000 and $67,668, respectively under this agreement. The agreement was terminated at the closing of the Business Combination.
Subscription Agreements
Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, we entered into Subscription Agreements with the PIPE Investors, pursuant to which certain affiliates of GSAH and Vertiv subscribed for shares of our Class A common stock in connection with the PIPE Investment. The PIPE Investment was consummated in connection with the Business Combination, pursuant to which the following related parties purchased PIPE Shares at a price of $10.00 per shares:

GS ESC PIPE Investor, an affiliate of the Sponsor, purchased 8,000,000 PIPE Shares;

Cote PIPE Investor, an entity controlled by David M. Cote, purchased 2,000,000 PIPE Shares;

Mr. Cote’s spouse, purchased 50,000 PIPE Shares;

Members of Mr. Cote’s immediate family jointly purchased 15,000 PIPE Shares;

Roger Fradin, one of our directors, purchased 200,000 PIPE Shares;

A trust controlled by James F. Albaugh, a former director of GSAH, purchased 50,000 PIPE Shares;

A trust controlled by Steven S. Reinemund, one of our directors, purchased 200,000 PIPE Shares;

Robin L. Washington, one of our directors, purchased 10,000 PIPE Shares;

Joseph J. van Dokkum, one of our directors, and his spouse, jointly purchased 25,000 PIPE Shares;

Robert Johnson, one of our directors and executive officers, purchased 123,120 PIPE Shares;

David Fallon, one of our executive officers, purchased 52,387 PIPE Shares;

John Hewitt, one of our executive officers, purchased 35,650 PIPE Shares;

Jason Forcier, one of our executive officers, purchased 38,475 PIPE Shares;
 
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Stephen Liang, one of our executive officers, purchased 37,062 PIPE Shares;

Andrew Cole, one of our executive officers, purchased 35,650 PIPE Shares;

Giordano Albertazzi, one of our executive officers, purchased 26,859 PIPE Shares;

Steve Lalla, one of our executive officers, purchased 25,650 PIPE Shares;

Pat Johnson, one of our executive officers, purchased 31,802 PIPE Shares;

Gary Niederpruem, one of our executive officers, purchased 24,618 PIPE Shares; and

Colin Flannery, one of our executive officers, purchased 17,825 PIPE Shares.
For additional information, see “Business Combination — Related Agreements — Subscription Agreements.”
Stockholders Agreement
At the closing of the Business Combination, the Sponsor Members and the Vertiv Stockholder entered into the Stockholders Agreement, which gives the Vertiv Stockholder the right to nominate up to four directors to our Board of Directors, subject to its ownership percentage of the total outstanding shares of Class A common stock. For additional information, see “Business Combination — Related Agreements — Stockholders Agreement.”
Related Party Payments
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC acted as financial advisor to GSAH in connection with, and participated in certain of the negotiations leading to, the Business Combination. In connection with the Business Combination, an aggregate amount of approximately $50 million in deferred underwriting discount, advisory fees and placement agent fees, was paid to Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, which payment was contingent upon completion of the Business Combination. Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC has provided certain financial advisory and/or underwriting services to GSAH from time to time for which the Investment Banking Division of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC has received, and may receive, compensation, including having acted as sole bookrunner with respect to the GSAH’s IPO in June 2018. During the two year period ended December 10, 2019, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC has recognized compensation for financial advisory and/or underwriting services provided by its Investment Banking Division to GSAH of approximately $11.1 million. Prior to the Business Combination, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC was an affiliate of GSAH and the Sponsor and is an affiliate of GS Sponsor Member and GS ESC PIPE Investor (Raanan A. Agus, one of GSAH’s directors prior to the Business Combination, is also a Participating Managing Director of Goldman Sachs).
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC also has provided certain financial advisory and/or underwriting services to Vertiv Holdings from time to time, however, during the two year period ended December 10, 2019, the Investment Banking Division of Goldman Sachs has not been engaged by Vertiv Holdings to provide financial advisory or underwriting services for which Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC has recognized compensation. Goldman Sachs also has provided certain financial advisory and/or underwriting services to Platinum Equity portfolio companies other than Vertiv from time to time for which the Investment Banking Division of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC has received, and may receive, compensation, including having acted as joint bookrunner with respect to the offering by Husky IMS International Ltd. (“Husky”) of its 7.750% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 in March 2018; as joint lead agent with respect to a bank loan for Husky in March 2018; as joint lead agent with respect to a bank loan for Wyndham Worldwide Corporation’s European vacation rental business in April 2018; as joint lead agent with respect to a bank loan for USS Ultimate Holdings, Inc. in July 2018; as financial advisor to Exterion Media Group with respect to its sale in November 2018; and as bookrunning manager with respect to the public offering of 15,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock of Verra Mobility Corporation in June 2019. During the two year period ended December 10, 2019, Goldman Sachs has recognized compensation for financial advisory and/or underwriting services provided by its Investment Banking Division to various Platinum Equity portfolio companies of approximately $40 million.
During the two year period ended December 10, 2019, the Investment Banking Division of Goldman Sachs has not been engaged by David M. Cote to provide financial advisory or underwriting services for
 
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which Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC has recognized compensation. Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC may also in the future provide financial advisory and/or underwriting services to the Company, Vertiv Holdings, Platinum, David M. Cote and their respective affiliates and, as applicable, portfolio companies including portfolio companies of funds affiliated with Platinum, for which the Investment Banking Division of Goldman Sachs may receive compensation.
At the time of the Business Combination, affiliates of Goldman Sachs were lenders to Vertiv under the Prior Term Loan Facility and Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility, with an aggregate of approximately $23.5 million and approximately $16.3 million outstanding to such affiliates in the Prior Term Loan Facility and the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility, respectively at the time of the Business Combination. Vertiv used a portion of the proceeds from the Business Combination, including the PIPE Investment, to repay approximately $1.29 billion of the outstanding indebtedness under the Term Loan Facility and $176 million of the outstanding indebtedness under the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and, as a result, such affiliates received their pro rata portion of such proceeds. In addition, at the time of the Business Combination, affiliates of Goldman Sachs held an aggregate of approximately $180,000 of the Prior Notes. In connection with our refinancing transactions, on March 2, 2020, we amended and extended the maturity of the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and entered into the Term Loan Credit Agreement, with the borrowings thereunder used to repay or redeem, as applicable, in full the Prior Term Loan Facility and the Prior Notes. See “Prospectus Summary — Financing Transactions.”
Vertiv Related Party Transactions
Services agreement
Vertiv Group was a party to a corporate advisory services agreement (the “Services Agreement”), with Platinum Advisors. Under the terms of the Services Agreement, Platinum Advisors provided to Vertiv Group and its subsidiaries certain corporate advisory services. In consideration of these and other services, Vertiv Group paid an annual advisory fee to Platinum Advisors of no greater than $15.0 million. In addition to the fees paid to Platinum Advisors pursuant to the Services Agreement, Vertiv Group paid Platinum Advisors’ out-of-pocket expenses and costs paid to any person who is not managed by Platinum Advisors and in whom Platinum Advisors does not have a pecuniary interest, in each case incurred in connection with providing management services to Vertiv Group. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, Vertiv recorded $5.0 million, $5.0 million and $15.0 million, respectively in charges related to the Services Agreement. Additionally, for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, Vertiv recorded $0.4 million and $0.9 million in charges related to other legal and consulting services and $1.3 million related to the Geist acquisition for the year ended December 31, 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2017, Vertiv recorded total charges of $22.2 comprised of $12.5, $4.3, $1.4, and $4.0 in transaction and financing fees incurred relating to the sale of Vertiv’s critical power business, financing fees on the net proceeds received from the 2022 Senior Notes, the purchase of Energy Labs during 2017, and fees and expense reimbursement under the Services Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 the Company recorded $0.5 million in charges related to the Services Agreement. The Services Agreement was terminated effective upon the closing of the Business Combination.
The corporate advisory services provided under the agreement include, but are not limited to, advice on the following topics: general corporate, financing, financial planning, management, administration, and commercial and marketing activities.
In addition, Platinum Advisors received a transaction fee of $25.0 million upon the closing of the Business Combination pursuant to a formula that is set out in the corporate advisory services agreement. The amount of this fee was treated as a Company Transaction Expense under the Merger Agreement, and so reduced the consideration that would otherwise have been paid to the Vertiv Stockholder. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company received $5.5 million of cash related to a true-up of merger consideration in connection with the Business Combination.
Transactions with Affiliates of Platinum Equity
During 2017, Vertiv Holdings paid cash dividends to affiliates of Platinum Equity and Platinum Equity purchased and sold $50.0 million of the 2022 Senior Notes.
 
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Vertiv also purchased and sold goods in the ordinary course of business with affiliates of Platinum Equity with purchases of $65.0 million, $56.6 million and $5.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and sales of $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and accounts payable of $2.4 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 purchases were $18.4 million and $31.1 million, respectively. See Note 13 to Vertiv Holdings consolidated financial statements for more information.
Employment of Family Members of Executive Officers
Certain family members of the Company’s executive officers were employed by Vertiv during 2017, 2018 and 2019, as set forth below.
Patrick Johnson serves as our Executive Vice President of Information Technology and Edge Infrastructure and previously served as Vertiv’s Executive Vice President of Information Technology and Edge Infrastructure from November 2017 to the consummation of the Business Combination. Patrick Johnson received total compensation of $141,044 for 2017, $450,539 for 2018 and $1,070,197 for 2019.
Richard Johnson, the brother of Rob Johnson and Patrick Johnson, serves as our Director of Global Strategic Clients and previously served as Vertiv’s Director of Global Strategic Clients from February 2018 to the consummation of the Business Combination. Richard Johnson received total compensation of $259,594 for 2018, and $283,223 for 2019.
Alexander Johnson, the son of Rob Johnson and nephew of Patrick Johnson, serves as our Manager Channel Accounts CDW and previously served as Vertiv’s Manager Channel Accounts CDW from April 2018 to the consummation of the Business Combination. Alexander Johnson received total compensation of $141,387 for 2018, and $227,015 for 2019.
Related Party Policy
We have adopted a written policy on transactions with “related persons,” defined in the policy as a director, executive officer, nominee for director, or greater than 5% beneficial owner of any class of the Company’s voting securities, and their immediate family members. For purposes of this policy, a “related person transaction” is defined as any transaction, arrangement or relationship in which the Company is a participant, the aggregate amount involved exceeds or may be expected to exceed $120,000 and in which a related person had, has or will have a direct or indirect material interest. The Board, acting through those members of its audit committee who are not interested in the transaction in question, will review related person transactions to determine whether the related person transaction is in, or is not inconsistent with, the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. If, after any such review, a related person transaction is determined to be in, or not inconsistent with, the best interests of the Company, then the related person transaction may be approved or ratified according to the procedures in the policy. If advance audit committee approval of a related person transaction requiring the audit committee’s approval is not practicable or desirable, then the chair of the audit committee may approve or ratify a related person transaction. In addition, the policy provides standing pre-approval for certain types of transactions that the audit committee has reviewed and determined shall be deemed pre-approved.
 
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SELLING HOLDERS
This prospectus relates to the possible offer and resale by the Selling Holders of (i) up to 259,672,496 shares of Class A common stock (including 10,533,333 shares of Class A common stock that may be issued upon exercise of the private placement warrants, 17,250,000 founder shares, 113,333,876 PIPE Shares, 118,261,955 Stock Consideration Shares and 293,332 shares of Class A common stock underlying the units that are Other Registrable Securities); (ii) up to 10,606,665 warrants (including 10,533,333 private placement warrants and 73,332 public warrants underlying the units that are Other Registrable Securities); and (iii) up to 220,000 units that are Other Registrable Securities.
Concurrently with the IPO, Sponsor acquired the founder shares and the private placement warrants and distributed some of its founder shares to the other Initial Stockholders, who were the independent directors of GSAH. Immediately prior to the completion of the Business Combination, Sponsor dissolved and distributed its founder shares and private placement warrants to the Sponsor Members. Upon the consummation of the Business Combination, (i) the Vertiv Stockholder acquired the Stock Consideration Shares pursuant to the Merger Agreement, (ii) the PIPE Investors acquired the PIPE Shares pursuant to Subscription Agreements, (iii) the founder shares were converted from Class B common stock to Class A common stock and (iv) we entered into the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement with the RRA Parties. The founder shares held by the Initial Stockholders, PIPE Shares held by the PIPE Investors, Stock Consideration Shares held by the Vertiv Stockholder and Other Registrable Securities are being registered by the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part pursuant to the registration rights granted under certain of the Subscription Agreements and the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement.
The Selling Holders may from time to time offer and sell any or all of the shares of Class A common stock, warrants and units set forth below pursuant to this prospectus. When we refer to the “Selling Holders” in this prospectus, we mean the persons listed in the table below, and the pledgees, donees, transferees, assignees, successors and others who later come to hold any of the Selling Holders’ interest in the shares of Class A common stock, warrants and/or units after the date of this prospectus such that registration rights shall apply to those securities.
The following tables are prepared based on information provided to us by the Selling Holders. It sets forth the name and address of the Selling Holders, the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock that the Selling Holders may offer pursuant to this prospectus, and the beneficial ownership of the Selling Holders both before and after the offering. We have based percentage ownership prior to this offering on 328,411,705 shares of Class A common stock, 33,533,301 warrants and 4,140,413 units outstanding, in each case as of March 9, 2020. In calculating percentages of shares of Class A common stock owned by a particular Selling Holder, we treated as outstanding the number of shares of our Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of that particular Selling Holder’s warrants, if any, and did not assume the exercise of any other Selling Holder’s warrants.
We cannot advise you as to whether the Selling Holders will in fact sell any or all of such Class A common stock or warrants. In addition, the Selling Holders may sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of, at any time and from time to time, the Class A common stock and warrants in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act after the date of this prospectus. For purposes of this table, we have assumed that the Selling Holders will have sold all of the securities covered by this prospectus upon the completion of the offering.
Unless otherwise indicated below, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the tables below is c/o Vertiv Holdings Co, 1050 Dearborn Drive, Columbus, Ohio, 43085.
 
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Shares of Class A common stock
Beneficial Ownership
Before the Offering
Shares to be Sold
in the Offering
Beneficial Ownership
After the Offering
Name of Selling Holder
Number of
Shares
%(1)
Number of
Shares
%(1)
Number of
Shares
%
VPE Holdings, LLC(2)
118,261,955 36.01% 118,261,955 36.01% 0 0%
Abu Dhabi Investment Authority(3)
15,000,000 4.57% 15,000,000 4.57% 0 0%
Eminence Capital, LP(4)
16,500,000 5.02% 16,500,000 5.02% 0 0%
Alyeska Investment Group, L.P.(5)
18,435,366 5.60% 15,000,000 4.56% 3,435,366 1.04%
Nomura Global Financial
Products Inc.(6)
10,800,000 3.29% 5,400,000 1.64% 0 0%
Cote SPAC 1 LLC(7)
13,839,167 4.15% 13,839,167 4.15% 0 0%
GS Sponsor LLC(8)
13,839,166 4.15% 13,839,166 4.15% 0 0%
GSAH Investors Emp LP(9)
7,459,000 2.27% 7,459,000 2.27% 0 0%
BlackRock, Inc.(10)
10,800,000 3.29% 10,800,000 3.29% 0 0%
Aranda Investments Pte. Ltd.(11)
5,000,000 1.52% 5,000,000 1.52% 0 0%
Investment Corporation of Dubai(12)
5,000,000 1.52% 5,000,000 1.52% 0 0%
Adage Capital Partners, LP(13)
1,385,000 * 1,385,000 * 0 0%
FMR LLC(14)
11,456,603 3.49% 11,456,603 3.49% 0 0%
Baron Small Cap Fund(15)
6,000,000 1.83% 4,000,000 1.22% 2,000,000 *
Tradeinvest Asset Management Company
(BVI) Ltd.(16)
2,910,580 * 2,910,580 * 0 0%
Sculptor Capital Management, Inc.(17)
2,500,000 * 2,500,000 * 0 0%
Atlanta Sons LLC(18)
2,000,000 * 2,000,000 * 0 0%
Integrated Core
Strategies (US) LLC(19)
5,270,514 1.60% 1,894,299 * 3,376,215 1.02%
Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd(20)
2,029,303 * 1,695,970 * 333,333 *
Brookside Capital Trading
Fund, L.P.(21)
902,097 * 568,764 * 333,333 *
Beckensfield Limited(22)
1,157,281 * 1,157,281 * 0 0%
Waterbeck Group Limited(23)
1,157,281 * 1,157,281 * 0 0%
Steven S Reinemund(24)
368,333 * 368,333 * 0 0%
Roger Fradin(25)
368,333 * 368,333 * 0 0%
James Albaugh(26)
111,666 * 111,666 * 0 0%
Joseph van Dokkum(27)
25,000 * 25,000 * 0 0%
Robin Washington(28)
10,000 * 10,000 * 0 0%
Giordano Albertazzi
26,859 * 26,859 * 0 0%
Andrew Cole
35,650 * 35,650 * 0 0%
David J. Fallon
52,387 * 52,387 * 0 0%
Colin Flannery
17,825 * 17,825 * 0 0%
Jason M. Forcier
38,475 * 38,475 * 0 0%
John Hewitt
35,650 * 35,650 * 0 0%
Patrick Johnson
31,802 * 31,802 * 0 0%
Steve Lalla
25,650 * 25,650 * 0 0%
Stephen Liang
37,062 * 37,062 * 0 0%
Gary Niederpruem
24,618 * 24,618 * 0 0%
Additional Selling Holders(29)
1,515,000 * 1,515,000 * 0 0%
*
Less than 1%.
(1)
Based upon 328,411,705 shares of Class A common stock outstanding as of March 9, 2020.
(2)
Represents shares owned directly by VPE Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. Vertiv
 
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JV Holdings, LLC owns a majority of the outstanding equity interests of VPE Holdings, LLC, and PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC owns a majority of the outstanding interests of Vertiv JV Holdings, LLC, and, accordingly, each may be deemed to beneficially own the shares owned directly by VPE Holdings, LLC. PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC is directly owned by six private equity investment funds, none of which private equity investment funds individually has the power to direct the voting or disposition of shares beneficially owned. Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC is the managing member of one of such funds and the managing member of the general partner of four of such funds. Through such positions, Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC has the indirect power to direct the voting of a majority of the outstanding equity interests of PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC. Platinum Equity Investment Holdings Manager III, LLC is the managing member of Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC. Platinum Equity InvestCo, L.P. owns all of the economic interests in Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC. Platinum Equity Investment Holdings IC (Cayman), LLC is the general partner of Platinum Equity InvestCo LP. Platinum InvestCo (Cayman), LLC holds a controlling interest in Platinum Equity InvestCo LP. Platinum Equity, LLC is sole member of Platinum Equity Investment Holdings Manager III, LLC and Platinum Equity Investment Holdings III, LLC. Platinum Equity also indirectly controls the other funds that own equity interests of PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC. Mr. Tom Gores is the beneficial owner of Platinum Equity, LLC. Accordingly, as a result of their indirect ownership and control of each of VPE Holdings, LLC, Vertiv JV Holdings, LLC and PE Vertiv Holdings, LLC, each of Platinum Equity Investment Holdings, LLC, Platinum Equity Investment Holdings Manager, LLC, Platinum Equity InvestCo, L.P., Platinum Equity Investment Holdings IC (Cayman), LLC, Platinum InvestCo (Cayman), LLC, Platinum Equity, LLC and Mr. Tom Gores may be deemed to beneficially own the shares owned directly by VPE Holdings, LLC. Mr. Tom Gores disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares owned directly by VPE Holdings, LLC, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. The business address of VPE Holdings, LLC and each party beneficially owning the shares held thereby is 360 North Crescent Drive, South Building, Beverly Hills, CA, 90210.
(3)
The business address of Abu Dhabi Investment Authority is 211 Corniche Street, P.O. Box 3600, Abu Dhabi. Abu Dhabi Investment Authority is a public institution wholly owned by the Government of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and subject to its supervision.
(4)
Includes (i) 14,906,921 shares of Class A common stock held by Eminence Holdings LLC and (ii) 1,593,079 shares of Class A common stock held by EC Longhorn LLC. Eminence Capital, LP serves as the investment adviser to, and may be deemed to have shared voting and dispositive power over the shares of Class A common stock held by, Eminence Holdings LLC and EC Longhorn LLC. Ricky C. Sandler is the Chief Executive Officer of Eminence Capital, LP and may be deemed to have shared voting and dispositive power over the shares of Class A common stock held by Eminence Holdings LLC and EC Longhorn LLC. The business address of Eminence Capital, LP is 399 Park Avenue, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10022.
(5)
Includes (i) 13,747,476 shares of Class A common stock (including 634,248 shares of Class A common stock underlying public warrants) held by Alyeska Master Fund, L.P.; (ii) 4,536,668 shares of Class A common stock (including 209,302 shares of Class A common stock underlying public warrants) held by Alyeska Master Fund 2, L.P.; and (iii) 151,222 shares of Class A common stock (including 6,977 shares of Class A common stock underlying public warrants) held by Alyeska Master Fund 3, L.P. Alyeska Master Fund, L.P., Alyeska Master Fund 2, L.P. and Alyeska Master Fund 3, L.P. (the “Alyeska Stockholders”) are controlled by their respective general partners Alyeska Fund GP, LLC, Alyeska Fund 2 GP, LLC and Alyeska Fund 3 GP, LLC, (collectively, the “Alyeska GP Entities”). The Alyeska GP Entities appointed Alyeska Investment Group, L.P. (“Alyeska Investment Manager”) to act as their investment manager. Alyeska Investment Manager has voting and investment control of the shares held by the Alyeska Stockholders. Anand Parekh is the Chief Executive Officer of Alyeska Investment Manager and may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the securities held by the Alyeska Stockholders. Mr. Parekh, however, disclaims any beneficial ownership of the shares held by the Alyeska Stockholders. The business address of Alyeska Investment Group, L.P. is 77 West Wacker Drive, 7th Floor, Chicago, IL 60601.
(6)
Includes 5,400,000 shares of Class A common stock that may be acquired upon settlement of OTC derivative contracts. Nomura Global Financial Products Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nomura Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: NMR). The business address of Nomura Global Financial Products Inc. is 309 West 49th Street, New York, New York 10019.
 
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(7)
Includes: (i) 8,572,500 founder shares and (ii) 5,266,667 shares of Class A common stock underlying the private placement warrants. David M. Cote is the manager of Cote SPAC 1 LLC. Mr. Cote is also the manager of Atlanta Sons LLC and may be deemed to beneficially own the 2,000,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Atlanta Sons LLC. Mr. Cote may also be deemed to beneficially own 50,000 shares of Class A common stock held by his spouse. Mr. Cote disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by his spouse except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. Interest shown do not reflect the securities held by Atlanta Sons LLC or Mr. Cote’s spouse. The business address of Cote SPAC 1 LLC is 717 Northshore Drive, Anna Maria, Florida 34216.
(8)
Includes: (i) 8,572,500 founder shares and (ii) 5,266,666 shares of Class A common stock underlying the private placement warrants. The business address of GS Sponsor Member is 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282. GS Sponsor Member is a wholly owned subsidiary of GSAM Holdings LLC, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Each of GSAM Holdings LLC and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. may be deemed to beneficially own the private placement warrants held by the Sponsor by virtue of their direct and indirect ownership, respectively, over GS Sponsor Member. Each of GSAM Holdings LLC and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. disclaims beneficial ownership of any such warrants except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein.
(9)
GSAH Investors Emp LP is a limited partnership controlled by its general partner and its investment manager, both of which are indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Prior to the Business Combination, (i) the Sponsor was jointly owned by GS Sponsor Member and Cote Sponsor Member and (ii) Raanan Agus, a Participating Managing Director of Goldman Sachs, served as a member of GSAH’s board of directors. In addition to the registrable securities held by GSAH Investor Emp LP, Goldman Sachs holds common stock and warrants of the Company. Goldman Sachs also serves as lender to the Company. Goldman Sachs has also previously acted as financial advisor and placement agent to GSAH. Following the effectiveness of this shelf registration statement, each limited partner of GSAH Investors Emp LP will have the right to request that GSAH Investors Emp LP use its reasonable efforts to sell a portion of the registrable securities held by GSAH Investors Emp LP. The business address of GSAH Investors Emp LP is 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282.
(10)
The registered holders of the referenced shares are the following funds and accounts under management by investment adviser subsidiaries of BlackRock, Inc.: BlackRock Global Funds — Global Allocation Fund, BlackRock Global Funds — Global Dynamic Equity Fund, BlackRock Global Allocation Collective Fund, BlackRock Global Allocation Fund (Australia), BlackRock Global Allocation Fund, Inc., BlackRock Global Allocation Portfolio of BlackRock Series Fund, Inc. and BlackRock Global Allocation V.I. Fund of BlackRock Variable Series Funds, Inc. BlackRock, Inc. is the ultimate parent holding company of such investment adviser entities. On behalf of such investment adviser entities, the applicable portfolio managers, as managing directors (or in other capacities) of such entities, and/or the applicable investment committee members of such funds and accounts, have voting and investment power over the shares held by the funds and accounts which are the registered holders of the referenced shares. Such portfolio managers and/or investment committee members expressly disclaim beneficial ownership of all shares held by such funds and accounts. The address of such funds and accounts, such investment adviser subsidiaries and such portfolio managers and/or investment committee members is 1 University Square Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540. Interests shown include only the securities registered for resale and may not incorporate all shares deemed to be beneficially held by BlackRock, Inc.
(11)
Aranda Investments Pte. Ltd. is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited. The business address of Aranda Investments Pte. Ltd. is 60B Orchard Road, #06-18 Tower 2, The Atrium @ Orchard, Singapore 238891.
(12)
Investment Corporation of Dubai is controlled by the Government of Dubai. The business address of Investment Corporation of Dubai is Levels 5&6, Gate Village Building 7, DIFC, Dubai, UAE.
(13)
Adage Capital Partners, LP is controlled by its general partner Adage Capital Partners, GP, LLC, which is controlled by its managing member, Adage Capital Advisors, LLC. The business address of Adage Capital Partners, LP is 200 Clarendon St. 52nd floor, Boston, CA 02210.
(14)
Includes: (i) 450,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II: Strategic Advisers Core Fund; (ii) 600,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II : Strategic Advisers Fidelity U.S. Total Stock Fund — FIAM US Equity Subportfolio;
 
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(iii) 2,000,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Fidelity Securities Fund: Fidelity Growth & Income Portfolio; (iv) 450,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Variable Insurance Products Fund III: Growth & Income Portfolio; (v) 160,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Fidelity Advisor Series I: Fidelity Advisor Growth & Income Fund; (vi) 4,500,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Fidelity Hastings Street Trust: Fidelity Series Growth & Income Fund; (vii) 850,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Fidelity Concord Street Trust: Fidelity Large Cap Stock Fund; (viii) 350,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Fidelity Advisor Series I: Fidelity Advisor Large Cap Fund; (ix) 800,000 shares of Class A common stock held by FIAM Target Date Large Cap Stock Commingled Pool; (x) 25,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Fidelity Large Cap Stock Institutional Trust; (xi) 29,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Fidelity Concord Street Trust: Fidelity Large Cap Stock K6 Fund; (xii) 1,100,000 shares of Class A common stock held by Fidelity Destiny Portfolios: Fidelity Advisor Capital Development Fund; (xiii) 61,271 shares of Class A common stock held by Fidelity Select Portfolios: Industrials Portfolio; (xiv) 63,796 shares of Class A common stock held by Fidelity Advisor Series VII: Fidelity Advisor Industrials Fund; and (xv) 17,536 shares of Class A common stock held by Variable Insurance Products Fund IV: Industrials Portfolio, all of the foregoing entities are managed by direct or indirect subsidiaries of FMR LLC. Abigail P. Johnson is a Director, the Vice Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer and the President of FMR LLC. Members of the Johnson family, including Abigail P. Johnson, are the predominant owners, directly or through trusts, of Series B voting common shares of FMR LLC, representing 49% of the voting power of FMR LLC. The Johnson family group and all other Series B shareholders have entered into a shareholders’ voting agreement under which all Series B voting common shares will be voted in accordance with the majority vote of Series B voting common shares. Accordingly, through their ownership of voting common shares and the execution of the shareholders’ voting agreement, members of the Johnson family may be deemed, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, to form a controlling group with respect to FMR LLC. Neither FMR LLC nor Abigail P. Johnson has the sole power to vote or direct the voting of the shares owned directly by the various investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act (“Fidelity Funds”) advised by Fidelity Management & Research Company (“FMR Co”), a wholly owned subsidiary of FMR LLC, which power resides with the Fidelity Funds’ Boards of Trustees. Fidelity Management & Research Company carries out the voting of the shares under written guidelines established by the Fidelity Funds’ Boards of Trustees. The business address of FMR LLC is 200 Seaport Blvd. V12E, Boston, Massachusetts 02210.
(15)
Baron Small Cap Fund is an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and its business address is 767 Fifth Avenue, 49th Floor, New York, NY 10153.
(16)
Tradeinvest Asset Management Company (BVI) Ltd. is controlled by Sarkis D. Izmirlian and its business address is 6th Floor, Lyford Cay House, Western Road, P.O. Box N-7776 (Slot 193), Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas.
(17)
Includes: (i) 2,199,250 shares of Class A common stock held by Sculptor Master Fund, LTD. and (ii) 300,750 shares of Class A common stock held by Sculptor Enhanced Master Fund, LTD. Sculptor Capital LP is the investment manager of both Sculptor Master Fund, LTD. and Sculptor Enhanced Master Fund, LTD., which is controlled by its general partner Sculptor Capital Holding Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Sculptor Capital Management, Inc. (NYSE: SCU), a publicly traded company. The business address of Sculptor Capital Management, Inc. is 9 West 57th Street, 39th Floor, New York, NY 10019.
(18)
David M. Cote is the manager of Atlanta Sons LLC. Mr. Cote is also the manager of Cote SPAC 1 LLC and may be deemed to beneficially own the 13,839,167 shares of Class A common stock held by Cote SPAC 1 LLC (consisting of 8,572,500 founder shares and 5,266,667 shares of Class A common stock underlying the private placement warrants). Mr. Cote may also be deemed to beneficially own 50,000 shares of Class A common stock held by his spouse. Mr. Cote disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by his spouse except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. Interest shown do not reflect the securities held by Cote SPAC 1 LLC or Mr. Cote’s spouse. The business address of Atlanta Sons LLC is 717 Northshore Drive, Anna Maria, Florida 34216.
(19)
Includes: (i) 2,100 shares of our Class A common stock held by Integrated Assets, Ltd.; (ii) 309,172 shares of our Class A common stock held by ICS Opportunities II LLC; (iii) 237,775 shares of our Class A common stock held by ICS Opportunities, Ltd.; and (iv) 4,721,467 shares of our Class A
 
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common stock (including 1,088,098 shares of our Class A common stock underlying public warrants) held by Integrated Core Strategies (US) LLC. The business address of Integrated Core Strategies (US) LLC is c/o Millennium Management LLC, 666 Fifth Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10103. Millennium Management LLC is a registered investment advisor and the general partner of the managing member of Integrated Core Strategies (US) LLC. Millennium Management LLC is also the general partner of the 100% owner of Integrated Assets, Ltd., ICS Opportunities II LLC and ICS Opportunities, Ltd. Millennium International Management LP is the investment manager of each of Integrated Assets, Ltd., ICS Opportunities II LLC and ICS Opportunities, Ltd. Millennium Management LLC may be deemed to have shared voting control and investment discretion over the shares of our Class A common stock held by Integrated Core Strategies (US) LLC, Integrated Assets, Ltd., ICS Opportunities II LLC and ICS Opportunities, Ltd. Millennium International Management LP may be deemed to have shared voting control and investment discretion over the shares of our Class A common stock held by Integrated Assets, Ltd., ICS Opportunities II LLC and ICS Opportunities, Ltd. Millennium Group Management LLC is the managing member of Millennium Management LLC and the general partner of Millennium International Management LP and may also be deemed to have shared voting control and investment discretion over the shares of our Class A common stock held by Integrated Core Strategies (US) LLC, Integrated Assets, Ltd, ICS Opportunities II LLC and ICS Opportunities, Ltd. The managing member of Millennium Group Management LLC is a trust of which Israel A. Englander currently serves as the sole voting trustee. Therefore, Mr. Englander may also be deemed to have shared voting control and investment discretion over the shares of our Class A common stock held by Integrated Core Strategies (US) LLC, Integrated Assets, Ltd, ICS Opportunities II LLC and ICS Opportunities, Ltd. The foregoing should not be construed in and of itself as an admission by Millennium Management LLC, Millennium International Management LP, Millennium Group Management LLC or Mr. Englander as to the beneficial ownership of the shares of our Class A common stock held by Integrated Core Strategies (US) LLC, Integrated Assets, Ltd., ICS Opportunities II LLC and ICS Opportunities, Ltd.
(20)
Includes 333,333 shares of our Class A common stock underlying the public warrants. Hudson Bay Capital Management LP, the investment manager of Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd., has voting and investment power over these securities. Sander Gerber is the managing member of Hudson Bay Capital GP LLC, which is the general partner of Hudson Bay Capital Management LP. Each of Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd. and Sander Gerber disclaims beneficial ownership over these securities. The business address of Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd. is c/o Hudson Bay Capital Management LP 777 Third Avenue, 30th Floor, New York, NY 10017.
(21)
Includes 333,333 shares of Class A common stock underlying the public warrants held by Brookside Capital Trading Fund, L.P. (“Brookside Trading Fund”). Voting and investment decisions on behalf of the Brookside Trading Fund are made by the members of Bain Capital Public Equity Management II, LLC, which has sole authority and discretion over the investment decisions of Bain Capital Public Equity Management, LLC, which is the general partner of Brookside Capital Investors, L.P., which is the general partner of Brookside Trading Fund. The business address of the Brookside Trading Fund is 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116.
(22)
Beckensfield Limited is controlled by Athanasios Laskaridis. The business address of Beckensfield Limited is c/o Attendus Trust Company AG, 12 Bahnhofstrasse, 6301 ZUG, Switzerland.
(23)
Waterbeck Group Limited is controlled by Panagiotis Laskaridis. The business address of Waterbeck Group Limited is c/o Attendus Trust Company AG, 12 Bahnhofstrasse, 6301 ZUG, Switzerland.
(24)
Includes: (i) 35,000 founder shares; (ii) 133,333 shares of Class A commons stock underlying the units (including 100,000 shares of Class A common stock and 33,333 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants comprising the units) held by 2017 Steven S Reinemund GRAT, of which Mr. Reinemund is trustee; and (iii) 200,000 PIPE Shares held by 2017 Steven S Reinemund GRAT, of which Mr. Reinemund is trustee.
(25)
Includes: (i) 35,000 founder shares; (ii) 133,333 shares of Class A commons stock underlying the units (including 100,000 shares of Class A common stock and 33,333 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants comprising the units); and (iii) 200,000 PIPE Shares.
(26)
Includes: (i) 35,000 founder shares held by Mr. Albaugh; (ii) 26,666 shares of Class A commons stock underlying the units (including 20,000 shares of Class A common stock and 6,666 shares of Class A
 
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common stock issuable upon exercise of the public warrants comprising the units) held by Mr. Albaugh; and (iii) 50,000 PIPE Shares held by the James F. Albaugh Living Trust, of which Mr. Albaugh is trustee.
(27)
Interests shown are held by Mr. Joseph van Dokkum and Mrs. Lynn van Dokkum, as tenants in common.
(28)
Interests show are held by the Carl and Robin Washington Revocable Trust. Carl D. Washington and Robin L. Washington are trustees of the Carl and Robin Washington Revocable Trust.
(29)
The disclosure with respect to the remaining Selling Holders is being made on an aggregate basis, as opposed to an individual basis, because their aggregate holdings are less than 1% of the outstanding shares of our Class A common stock.
Warrants
Beneficial Ownership
Before the Offering
Shares to be Sold
in the Offering
Beneficial Ownership
After the Offering
Name of Selling Holder
Number of
Warrants
%(1)
Number of
Warrants
%(1)
Number of
Warrants
%
GS Sponsor LLC(2)
5,266,666 15.71% 5,266,666 15.71% 0 0%
Cote SPAC 1 LLC(3)
5,266,667 15.71% 5,266,667 15.71% 0 0%
Roger Fradin(4)
33,333 * 33,333 * 0 0%
Steven S. Reinemund(5)
33,333 * 33,333 * 0 0%
James Albaugh(6)
6,666 * 6,666 * 0 0%
*
Less than one percent.
(1)
Based upon 33,533,301 warrants outstanding as of March 9, 2020.
(2)
The business address of GS Sponsor Member is 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282. GS Sponsor Member is a wholly owned subsidiary of GSAM Holdings LLC, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Each of GSAM Holdings LLC and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. may be deemed to beneficially own the private placement warrants held by the Sponsor by virtue of their direct and indirect ownership, respectively, over GS Sponsor Member. Each of GSAM Holdings LLC and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. disclaims beneficial ownership of any such warrants except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein.
(3)
David M. Cote is the manager of Cote SPAC 1 LLC. The business address of Cote SPAC 1 LLC is 717 Northshore Drive, Anna Maria, Florida 34216.
(4)
Includes 33,333 public warrants underlying the units held by Mr. Fradin.
(5)
Includes 33,333 public warrants underlying the units held by 2017 Steven S Reinemund GRAT, of which Mr. Reinemund is trustee.
(6)
Includes 6,666 public warrants underlying the units held by Mr. Albaugh.
Units
Beneficial Ownership
Before the Offering
Shares to be Sold
in the Offering
Beneficial Ownership
After the Offering
Name of Selling Holder
Number of
Units
%(1)
Number of
Units
%(1)
Number of
Units
%
Roger Fradin
100,000 2.42% 100,000 2.42% 0 0%
Steven S. Reinemund(2)
100,000 2.42% 100,000 2.42% 0 0%
James Albaugh
20,000 * 20,000 * 0 0%
*
Less than one percent.
(1)
Based upon 4,140,413 units outstanding as of March 9, 2020
(2)
Includes 100,000 units held by 2017 Steven S Reinemund GRAT, of which Mr. Reinemund is trustee.
 
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Material Relationships with the Selling Holders
For a description of our relationships with the Selling Holders and their affiliates see the sections entitled “Business Combination,” “Management” “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Executive Compensation.”
Other Material Relationships
The GS ESC PIPE Investor is a limited partnership of which the general partner and the investment manager are indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., together with its subsidiaries and affiliates, including the Selling Holder is referred to as “Goldman Sachs”). Prior to the Business Combination, (i) Sponsor was jointly owned by GS Sponsor Member and Cote Sponsor Member and (ii) Raanan Agus, a Participating Managing Director of Goldman Sachs, served as a member of GSAH’s board of directors. In addition to the PIPE Shares held by GS ESC PIPE Investor, Goldman Sachs holds common stock and warrants of the Company. Goldman Sachs also serves as lender to the Company. Goldman Sachs has also previously acted as financial advisor and placement agent to GS Acquisition Holding Corp. For additional information regarding Goldman Sachs’ relationship with the Company, please see “Business Combination” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” (and the related definitions set forth in the section titled “Selected Definitions”).
David Cote, the Executive Chairman of the Company, is a member of the Temasek Americas Advisory Panel, for which he is consulted for advice on Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited’s operations in the United States. Aranda Investments Pte. Ltd., one of the Selling Holders, is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited.
 
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We are registering the issuance by us of up to 33,533,301 shares of our Class A common stock that may be issued upon exercise of warrants to purchase Class A common stock, including the public warrants and the private placement warrants. We are also registering the resale by the Selling Holders or their permitted transferees of (i) up to 259,672,496 shares of Class A common stock (including 10,533,333 shares of Class A common stock that may be issued upon exercise of the private placement warrants, 17,250,000 founder shares, 113,333,876 PIPE Shares, 118,261,955 Stock Consideration Shares and 293,332 shares of Class A common stock underlying the units that are Other Registrable Securities) and (ii) up to 10,606,665 warrants (including 10,533,333 private placement warrants and 73,332 public warrants underlying the units that are Other Registrable Securities).
The Selling Holders may offer and sell, from time to time, their respective shares of Class A common stock, warrants and units covered by this prospectus. The Selling Holders will act independently of us in making decisions with respect to the timing, manner and size of each sale. Such sales may be made on one or more exchanges or in the over-the-counter market or otherwise, at prices and under terms then prevailing or at prices related to the then current market price or in negotiated transactions. The Selling Holders may sell their securities by one or more of, or a combination of, the following methods:

on the NYSE, in the over-the-counter market or on any other national securities exchange on which our securities are listed or traded;

in privately negotiated transactions;

in underwritten transactions;

in a block trade in which a broker-dealer will attempt to sell the offered securities as agent but may purchase and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

through purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account pursuant to this prospectus;

in ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker solicits purchasers;

through the writing of options (including put or call options), whether the options are listed on an options exchange or otherwise;

through the distribution of the securities by any Selling Holder to its partners, members or stockholders;

in short sales entered into after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part;

by pledge to secured debts and other obligations;

to or through underwriters or agents;

“at the market” or through market makers or into an existing market for the securities;

any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.
The Selling Holders may sell the securities at prices then prevailing, related to the then prevailing market price or at negotiated prices. The offering price of the securities from time to time will be determined by the Selling Holders and, at the time of the determination, may be higher or lower than the market price of our securities on the NYSE or any other exchange or market.
The Selling Holders may also sell our securities short and deliver the securities to close out their short positions or loan or pledge the securities to broker-dealers that in turn may sell the securities. The shares may be sold directly or through broker-dealers acting as principal or agent or pursuant to a distribution by one or more underwriters (which may include the prospective underwriters, as defined below) on a firm commitment or best-efforts basis. The Selling Holders may also enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers. In connection with such transactions, broker-dealers of other financial institutions may engage in short sales of our securities in the course of hedging the positions they assume with the Selling Holders. The Selling Holders may also enter into options or other transactions with broker-dealers or other
 
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financial institutions, which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction). In connection with an underwritten offering, underwriters or agents may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the Selling Holders or from purchasers of the offered securities for whom they may act as agents. In addition, underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. The Selling Holders and any underwriters, dealers or agents participating in a distribution of the securities may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any profit on the sale of the securities by the Selling Holders and any commissions received by broker-dealers may be deemed to be underwriting commissions under the Securities Act.
The Selling Holders party to Subscription Agreements or the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement have agreed, and the other Selling Holders may agree, to indemnify an underwriter, broker-dealer or agent against certain liabilities related to the sale of the securities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the securities must be sold in such jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in certain states the securities may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.
The Selling Holders are subject to the applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, including Regulation M. This regulation may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the securities offered in this prospectus by the Selling Holders. The anti-manipulation rules under the Exchange Act may apply to sales of the securities in the market and to the activities of the Selling Holders and their affiliates. Furthermore, Regulation M may restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of the securities to engage in market-making activities for the particular securities being distributed for a period of up to five business days before the distribution. The restrictions may affect the marketability of the securities and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities for the securities.
At the time a particular offer of securities is made, if required, a prospectus supplement will be distributed that will set forth the number of securities being offered and the terms of the offering, including the name of any underwriter, dealer or agent, the purchase price paid by any underwriter, any discount, commission and other item constituting compensation, any discount, commission or concession allowed or reallowed or paid to any dealer, and the proposed selling price to the public.
To the extent required, this prospectus may be amended and/or supplemented from time to time to describe a specific plan of distribution. Instead of selling the securities under this prospectus, the Selling Holders may sell the securities in compliance with the provisions of Rule 144 under the Securities Act, if available, or pursuant to other available exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.
Prospective underwriters, dealers or agents
The Selling Holders may offer the shares of Class A common stock or the other securities described in this prospectus through one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, including J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, BofA Securities, Inc. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (the “prospective underwriters, dealers or agents”), and any such additional underwriters, dealers or agents that may be identified from time to time. The terms of any such offering will be described in a prospectus supplement.
Other relationships
Certain of the prospective underwriters, dealer or agents and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include sales and trading, commercial investment banking, advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, market making, brokerages and other financial and non-financial activities and services. Certain of the
 
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prospective underwriters, dealer or agents and their affiliates have provided in the past to us and our affiliates and may provide from time to time in the future certain commercial banking, financial advisory, investment banking and other services for us and such affiliates in the ordinary course of their business, for which they have received and may continue to receive customary fees and commissions for these transactions.
In addition, from time to time, in the ordinary course of their business activities, the prospective underwriters, dealer or agents and their respective affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Such investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of ours or our affiliates. The prospective underwriters, dealer or agents and their respective affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.
In connection with the Separation, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, along with Centerview Partners LLC, acted as a financial advisor to Emerson and, in connection therewith, was paid a “finder’s fee” by Emerson. J.P. Morgan Securities, LLC also served as our financial advisor in connection with Vertiv’s disposition of ASCO Power to Schneider Electric USA, Inc. which was completed on October 31, 2017, for which they received customary fees and commissions in connection therewith. In addition, J.P. Morgan Securities, LLC acted as financial advisor to Vertiv in connection with the Business Combination, for which they received customary fees and commissions in connection therewith, and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC acted as financial advisor and placement agent to GSAH in connection with, and participated in certain of the negotiations leading to, the Business Combination, for which they have received customary fees and commissions in deferred underwriting discount, advisory fees and placement agent fees, which payment was contingent upon completion of the Business Combination. In addition, prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, on the Closing Date, (i) the Sponsor, was jointly owned by GS Sponsor, LLC, an affiliate of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, and Cote SPAC 1 LLC and (ii) Raanan Agus, a Participating Managing Director of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., an affiliate of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, served as a member of GSAH’s board of directors. See the sections entitled “Business Combination” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the accompanying prospectus.
In addition, certain affiliates of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC own, as of August 4, 2020, in the aggregate 6.20% of our issued and outstanding Class A common stock, of which (i) GS Sponsor, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of GSAM Holdings LLC, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc, an affiliate of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, owns 4.21% which includes (x) 8,572,500 shares of our Class A common stock and (ii) 5,266,666 shares of our Class A common stock underlying the private placement warrants, and (y) GSAH Investors Emp LP, a limited partnership controlled by its general partner and its investment manager, both of which are indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. an affiliate of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, owns 1.99% of our Class A common stock (or 6,528,800 shares of our Class A common stock). Each of GSAM Holdings LLC and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. may be deemed to beneficially own the private placement warrants held by the Sponsor, by virtue of their direct and indirect ownership, respectively, over GS Sponsor, LLC. See the section entitled “Selling Holders” in the accompanying prospectus.
In addition, certain of the prospective underwriters, dealer or agents and their respective affiliates acted as initial purchasers for the offering of the 2022 Senior Notes, the 2024 Senior Notes and/or the 2024 Senior Secured Notes for which they have received customary fees and commissions, which were each refinanced in connection with the Business Combination. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., an affiliate of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, is the administrative agent and swingline lender under the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and the Amendment to the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, BofA Securities, Inc. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and/or their respective affiliates acted as joint bookrunners and joint lead arrangers under the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility and the Amendment and are lenders and issuing banks thereunder, and, in connection therewith, each have received and may continue to receive customary fees and commissions. In addition, Citibank, N.A., an affiliate of Citigroup Global Markets Inc., is the administrative agent under the
 
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Term Loan Facility, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, BofA Securities, Inc. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and/or their respective affiliates acted as joint bookrunners and joint lead arrangers under the Term Loan Facility and were initial lenders thereunder, and, in connection therewith, have received and may continue to receive customary fees and commissions.
Lock-up Agreements
Certain of our stockholders have entered into lock-up agreements. Although some of our large shareholders were subject to a lock-up, the lock-up periods have already ended, and some of our large shareholders have never been subject to a lock-up with respect to their securities. See “Business Combination ― Related Agreements” and “Securities Act Restrictions on Resale of Securities ― Lock-up Agreements.
 
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UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following discussion is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the ownership and disposition of our units, Class A common stock and warrants, which we refer to collectively as our securities. This summary is based upon U.S. federal income tax law as of the date of this prospectus, which is subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect. This summary does not discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to particular investors in light of their individual circumstances, including investors subject to special tax rules (e.g., banks and other financial institutions, insurance companies, broker-dealers, tax-exempt entities (including private foundations), taxpayers that have elected mark-to-market accounting, entities or arrangements classified as partnerships or S corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and investors therein), regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, passive foreign investment companies, controlled foreign corporations, investors that will hold Class A common stock or warrants as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, or other integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes or investors that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar), all of whom may be subject to tax rules that differ materially from those summarized below. In addition, this summary does not discuss U.S. federal tax consequences other than income tax consequences (e.g., estate or gift tax consequences), any state, local, or non-U.S. tax considerations or the Medicare tax or alternative minimum tax. In addition, this summary is limited to investors that will hold our securities as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”). No ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, (the “IRS”) has been or will be sought regarding any matter discussed herein. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain a position contrary to any of the tax aspects set forth below.
For purposes of this summary, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial holder of securities who or that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is:

an individual who is a United States citizen or resident of the United States;

a corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for United States federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or

a trust (A) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a United States court and which has one or more United States persons (within the meaning of the Code) who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) that has in effect a valid election under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.
A “non-U.S. Holder” is a beneficial holder of securities who or that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, an individual, corporation, estate or trust that is not a U.S. Holder.
If a partnership (including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our securities, the tax treatment of a partner, member or other beneficial owner in such partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner, member or other beneficial owner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner, member or other beneficial owner level. If you are a partner, member or other beneficial owner of a partnership considering an investment in our securities, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our securities.
THIS DISCUSSION OF U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. PROSPECTIVE HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF OWNING AND DISPOSING OF OUR SECURITIES, AS WELL AS THE APPLICATION OF ANY OTHER U.S. FEDERAL TAX LAWS AND ANY STATE, LOCAL AND NON-U.S. INCOME AND OTHER TAX LAWS.
 
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General Treatment of Units
There is no authority directly addressing the treatment, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, of instruments with terms substantially the same as the units and, therefore, their treatment is not entirely clear. The acquisition of a unit should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as the acquisition of one share of our Class A common stock and one-third of one warrant to acquire one share of our Class A common stock. Each holder of a unit must allocate the purchase price paid by such holder for such unit between the share of Class A common stock and the warrant based on their respective relative fair market values. A holder’s initial tax basis in the Class A common stock and the warrant included in each unit should equal the portion of the purchase price of the unit allocated thereto. The separation of the Class A common stock and warrant constituting a unit should not be a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
The foregoing treatment of the units and a holder’s purchase price allocation are not binding on the IRS or the courts. Because there is no authority that directly addresses instruments that are similar to the units, no assurance can be given that the IRS or the courts will agree with the characterization described above or the discussion below. Each prospective investor should consult its tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in a unit (including alternative characterizations of a unit and its components). The following discussion is based on the assumption that the characterization of the Class A common stock and warrants and the allocation described above are respected for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
U.S. Holders
Taxation of Distributions
If we pay distributions to U.S. Holders of shares of our Class A common stock, such distributions will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will constitute a return of capital that will first be applied against and reduce (but not below zero) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in our Class A common stock (determined separately for each share). Any remaining excess (determined separately for each share) will be treated as gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of the Class A common stock and will be treated as described under “U.S. Holders — Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock” below.
Dividends we pay to a U.S. Holder that is a taxable corporation generally will qualify for the dividends received deduction if the requisite holding period and other applicable requirements are satisfied. With certain exceptions (including dividends treated as investment income for purposes of investment interest deduction limitations), and provided certain holding period and other applicable requirements are met, dividends we pay to a non-corporate U.S. Holder will generally constitute “qualified dividends” that will be subject to tax at the maximum tax rate accorded to long-term capital gains.
Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock
A U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss on a sale, taxable exchange or other taxable disposition of our Class A common stock (other than a redemption, which is described separately below under “— Redemption of Class A Common Stock”). Any such gain or loss will be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A common stock so disposed of exceeds one year. The amount of gain or loss recognized with respect to a share of Class A common stock will generally be equal to the difference, if any, between (1) the sum of the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received in such disposition (or, if the Class A common stock is held as part of a unit at the time of the disposition, the portion of the amount realized on such disposition that is allocated to the Class A common stock based upon the then fair market values of the Class A common stock and the warrant included in the unit) and (2) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such share. A U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in a share of its Class A common stock will generally equal the U.S. Holder’s acquisition cost of such share (that is, as discussed above, the portion of the purchase price of a unit allocated to a share of Class A common stock or, as discussed below, the U.S. Holder’s initial basis for Class A common
 
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stock received upon exercise of a warrant) less any prior distributions treated as a return of capital. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
Redemption of Class A Common Stock
In the event that a U.S. Holder’s Class A common stock is redeemed by us, including pursuant to an open market transaction, the treatment of the transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes will depend on whether the redemption qualifies as a sale of the Class A common stock under Section 302 of the Code. If the redemption qualifies as a sale of Class A common stock under the tests described below, the tax consequences to the U.S. Holder will be the same as described under “U.S. Holders — Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock” above. If the redemption does not qualify as a sale of Class A common stock, the U.S. Holder generally will be treated as receiving a distribution, the tax consequences of which are described above under “U.S. Holders — Taxation of Distributions.” Whether the redemption qualifies for sale treatment will depend primarily on the total number of shares of our stock treated as held by the U.S. Holder (including any Class A common stock constructively owned by the U.S. Holder as a result of owning warrants) both before and after the redemption. The redemption of Class A common stock will generally be treated as a sale of the Class A common stock (rather than as a distribution) if the redemption (1) is “substantially disproportionate” with respect to the U.S. Holder, (2) results in a “complete termination” of the U.S. Holder’s interest in us or (3) is “not essentially equivalent to a dividend” with respect to the U.S. Holder. These tests are explained more fully below.
In determining whether any of the foregoing tests are satisfied, a U.S. Holder takes into account not only stock actually owned by the U.S. Holder, but also shares of our stock that are constructively owned by it. A U.S. Holder may constructively own, in addition to stock owned directly, stock owned by certain related individuals and entities in which the U.S. Holder has an interest or that have an interest in such U.S. Holder, as well as any stock the U.S. Holder has a right to acquire by exercise of an option, which would generally include Class A common stock which could be acquired pursuant to the exercise of the warrants. A redemption of a U.S. Holder’s Class A common stock will generally be substantially disproportionate with respect to the U.S. Holder if the percentage of our outstanding voting stock actually and constructively owned by the U.S. Holder immediately following the redemption of such Class A common stock is, among other requirements, less than 80% of the percentage of our outstanding voting stock actually and constructively owned by the U.S. Holder immediately before the redemption. There will be a complete termination of a U.S. Holder’s interest if either (1) all of the shares of our stock actually and constructively owned by the U.S. Holder are redeemed or (2) all of the shares of our stock actually owned by the U.S. Holder are redeemed and the U.S. Holder is eligible to waive, and effectively waives in accordance with specific rules, the attribution of stock owned by certain family members and the U.S. Holder does not constructively own any other stock (including any Class A common stock constructively owned by the U.S. Holder as a result of owning warrants). The redemption of the Class A common stock will not be essentially equivalent to a dividend if the redemption results in a “meaningful reduction” of the U.S. Holder’s proportionate interest in us. Whether the redemption will result in a meaningful reduction in a U.S. Holder’s proportionate interest in us will depend on the particular facts and circumstances. The IRS has indicated in a published ruling that even a small reduction in the proportionate interest of a small minority stockholder in a publicly held corporation who exercises no control over corporate affairs may constitute such a “meaningful reduction.” A U.S. Holder should consult its tax advisors as to the tax consequences of a redemption, including the application of the constructive ownership rules described above.
If none of the foregoing tests is satisfied, the redemption will be treated as a distribution, the tax consequences of which are described under “U.S. Holders — Taxation of Distributions,” above. In such event, any tax basis of the U.S. Holder in the redeemed Class A common stock should be added to the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its remaining stock, or, if it has none, to the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its warrants or possibly in other stock constructively owned by it.
Exercise of a Warrant
Except as discussed below with respect to the cashless exercise of a warrant, a U.S. Holder will not recognize gain or loss upon the exercise of a warrant. The U.S. Holder’s tax basis in a share of our Class A
 
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common stock received upon exercise of the warrant will generally be an amount equal to the sum of the U.S. Holder’s initial investment in the warrant (i.e., the portion of the U.S. Holder’s purchase price for a unit that is allocated to the warrant, as described above under “— General Treatment of Units”) and the exercise price of such warrant. It is unclear whether a U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A common stock received upon exercise of the warrant would commence on the date of exercise of the warrant or the day following the date of exercise of the warrant; however, in either case the holding period will not include the period during which the U.S. Holder held the warrants.
The tax consequences of a cashless exercise of a warrant are not clear under current U.S. federal income tax law. A cashless exercise may be nontaxable, either because the exercise is not a realization event or because the exercise is treated as a recapitalization for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In either situation, a U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Class A common stock received would generally equal the holder’s tax basis in the warrant. If the cashless exercise were treated as not being a realization event, it is unclear whether a U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A common stock would commence on the date of exercise of the warrant or the day following the date of exercise of the warrant (but, in either case, the holding period will not include the period during which the U.S. Holder held the warrants). If, however, the cashless exercise were treated as a recapitalization, the holding period of the Class A common stock would include the holding period of the warrant.
It is also possible that a cashless exercise could be treated as a taxable exchange in which gain or loss is recognized. In such event, a U.S. Holder would be deemed to have surrendered a number of warrants having a value equal to the exercise price. The U.S. Holder would recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the fair market value of the Class A common stock represented by the warrants deemed surrendered and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the warrants deemed surrendered. In this case, a U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Class A common stock received would equal the sum of the U.S. Holder’s initial investment in the warrants exercised (i.e., the portion of the U.S. Holder’s purchase price for the units that is allocated to the warrant, as described above under “— General Treatment of Units”) and the exercise price of such warrants. It is unclear whether a U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A common stock would commence on the date of exercise of the warrant or the day following the date of exercise of the warrant (but, in either case, the holding period will not include the period during which the U.S. Holder held the warrants).
Due to the absence of authority on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a cashless exercise, including when a U.S. Holder’s holding period would commence with respect to the Class A common stock received, there can be no assurance which, if any, of the alternative tax consequences described above would be adopted by the IRS or a court of law. Accordingly, U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of a cashless exercise.
Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Expiration of a Warrant
Upon a sale, exchange (other than by exercise), redemption (other than a redemption for Class A common stock), or expiration of a warrant, a U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between (1) the amount realized upon such disposition or expiration (or, if the warrant is held as part of a unit at the time of the disposition of the unit, the portion of the amount realized on such disposition that is allocated to the warrant based on the then fair market values of the warrant and the Class A common stock constituting such unit) and (2) the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the warrant (that is, the portion of the U.S. Holder’s purchase price for a unit that is allocated to the warrant, as described above under “— General Treatment of Units”). Such gain or loss will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the warrant is held by the U.S. Holder for more than one year at the time of such disposition or expiration. If a warrant is allowed to lapse unexercised, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize a capital loss equal to such holder’s tax basis in the warrant. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations.
A redemption of warrants for Class A common stock described in this prospectus under “Description of Securities — Warrants — Public Warrants” should be treated as a “recapitalization” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(E) of the Code. Accordingly, a U.S. Holder should not recognize any gain or loss on the redemption of warrants for shares of our Class A common stock. A U.S. Holder’s aggregate tax basis in the shares of Class A common stock received in the redemption should equal its aggregate tax basis in its
 
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warrants redeemed and its holding period for the shares of Class A common stock received in redemption of its warrants should include its holding period for the surrendered warrants.
Possible Constructive Distributions
The terms of each warrant provide for an adjustment to the number of shares of Class A common stock for which the warrant may be exercised or to the exercise price of the warrant in certain events, as discussed in the section of this prospectus captioned “Description of Securities — Warrants — Public Warrants.” An adjustment which has the effect of preventing dilution is generally not a taxable event. Nevertheless, a U.S. Holder of warrants would be treated as receiving a constructive distribution from us if, for example, the adjustment increases the holder’s proportionate interest in our assets or earnings and profits (e.g., through an increase in the number of shares of Class A common stock that would be obtained upon exercise) as a result of a distribution of cash to the holders of shares of our Class A common stock which is taxable to such holders as a distribution. Such constructive distribution would be subject to tax as described under “U.S. Holders — Taxation of Distributions” in the same manner as if such U.S. Holder received a cash distribution from us equal to the fair market value of such increased interest.
Non-U.S. Holders
Taxation of Distributions
In general, any distributions (including constructive distributions) we make to a non-U.S. Holder of shares of our Class A common stock, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, provided such dividends are not effectively connected with the non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States, the applicable withholding agent will be required to withhold tax from the gross amount of the dividend at a rate of 30%, unless such non-U.S. Holder is eligible for a reduced rate of withholding tax under an applicable income tax treaty and provides proper certification of its eligibility for such reduced rate (usually on an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable). In the case of any constructive dividend, it is possible that this tax would be withheld from any amount owed to a non-U.S. Holder by the applicable withholding agent, including cash distributions on other property or sale proceeds from warrants or other property subsequently paid or credited to such holder. Any distribution in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will constitute a return of capital that will first be applied against and reduce (but not below zero) the non-U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in our Class A common stock (determined separately for each share). Any remaining excess (determined separately for each share) will be treated as gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of the Class A common stock and will be treated as described under “Non-U.S. Holders — Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants” below. In addition, if we determine that we have been classified as a “United States real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) at any time during specified periods (see “Non-U.S. Holders — Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants” below), the applicable withholding agent may withhold 15% of any distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits.
Unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise, any dividends we pay to a non-U.S. Holder that are effectively connected with such non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States will generally not be subject to U.S. withholding tax, provided such non-U.S. Holder complies with certain certification and disclosure requirements (usually by providing an IRS Form W-8ECI). Instead, such dividends will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax, net of certain deductions, at the same graduated individual or corporate rates applicable to U.S. Holders. In addition, if the non-U.S. Holder is a corporation, a “branch profits tax” at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) may be imposed on the non-U.S. Holder’s effectively connected earnings and profits (subject to adjustments).
Exercise of a Warrant
The U.S. federal income tax treatment of a non-U.S. Holder’s exercise of a warrant generally will correspond to the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the exercise of a warrant by a U.S. Holder, as
 
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described under “U.S. Holders — Exercise of a Warrant” above, although to the extent a cashless exercise results in a taxable exchange, the tax consequences to the non-U.S. Holder would be the same as those described below in “Non-U.S. Holders — Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants.”
Redemption of Warrants for Class A Common Stock
A redemption of warrants for Class A common stock described in this prospectus under “Description of Securities — Warrants — Public Warrants” should be treated as a “recapitalization” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(E) of the Code. Accordingly, a non-U.S. Holder should not recognize any gain or loss on the redemption of warrants for shares of our Class A common stock. A non-U.S. Holder’s aggregate tax basis in the shares of Class A common stock received in the redemption should equal its aggregate tax basis in its warrants redeemed and its holding period for the shares of Class A common stock received in redemption of its warrants should include its holding period for the surrendered warrants.
Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants
A non-U.S. Holder will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax in respect of gain recognized on a sale, taxable exchange or other taxable disposition of our Class A common stock or an expiration or redemption of our warrants, in each case without regard to whether those securities were held as part of a unit, unless:

the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business by the non-U.S. Holder within the United States;

the non-U.S. Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of disposition and certain other conditions are met; or

we are or have been a USRPHC for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of disposition or the period that the non-U.S. Holder held our Class A common stock (the “Applicable USRPHC Period”), and, in the case where shares of our Class A common stock are treated as regularly traded on an established securities market, the non-U.S. Holder has owned, directly or constructively, more than 5% of our Class A common stock (or more than certain specified threshold amounts of our warrants) at any time within the Applicable USRPHC Period.
Unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise, any gain described in the first bullet point above generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, net of certain deductions, at the same graduated individual or corporate rates applicable to U.S. Holders. A non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation may also be subject to a “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on such non-U.S. Holder’s effectively connected earnings and profits (subject to adjustments). Gain described in the second bullet point above will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a flat rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate). Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding possible eligibility for benefits under income tax treaties.
If the third bullet point above applies to a non-U.S. Holder, gain recognized by such holder on a sale or other taxable disposition of our Class A common stock or warrants will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, net of certain deductions, at the same graduated individual or corporate rates applicable to U.S. Holders. In addition, if our Class A common stock ceases to be regularly traded on an established securities market, a buyer of our Class A common stock or warrants from such holder may be required to withhold U.S. income tax at a rate of 15% of the amount realized upon such disposition. We will be classified as a USRPHC if the fair market value of our “United States real property interests” equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market value of our worldwide real property interests plus our other assets used or held for use in a trade or business, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We do not believe we currently are or will become a USRPHC, however there can be no assurance in this regard. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these rules.
Possible Constructive Distributions
The terms of each warrant provide for an adjustment to the number of shares of Class A common stock for which the warrant may be exercised or to the exercise price of the warrant in certain events, as
 
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discussed in the section of this prospectus captioned “Description of Securities — Warrants — Public Warrants.” An adjustment which has the effect of preventing dilution is generally not a taxable event. Nevertheless, a non-U.S. Holder of warrants would be treated as receiving a constructive distribution from us if, for example, the adjustment increases the holder’s proportionate interest in our assets or earnings and profits (e.g., through an increase in the number of shares of Class A common stock that would be obtained upon exercise) as a result of a distribution of cash to the holders of shares of our Class A common stock which is taxable to such holders as a distribution. A non-U.S. Holder that is deemed to receive a constructive distribution would be subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding, as described under “Non-U.S. Holders — Taxation of Distributions,” in the same manner as if such non-U.S. Holder received a cash distribution from us equal to the fair market value of such increased interest without any corresponding receipt of cash.
Redemption of Class A Common Stock
The characterization for U.S. federal income tax purposes of the redemption of a non-U.S. Holder’s Class A common stock will generally correspond to the U.S. federal income tax characterization of such a redemption of a U.S. Holder’s Class A common stock, as described under “U.S. Holders — Redemption of Class A Common Stock” above, and the consequences of the redemption to the non-U.S. Holder generally will be as described above under “Non-U.S. Holders — Taxation of Distributions” and “Non-U.S. Holders — Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Common Stock and Warrants,” as applicable.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act
Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations and administrative guidance promulgated thereunder (commonly referred as the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act” or “FATCA”) generally impose withholding at a rate of 30% in certain circumstances on dividends in respect of our securities which are held by or through certain foreign financial institutions (including investment funds), whether such institutions are beneficial owners or intermediaries, unless any such institution (1) enters into, and complies with, an agreement with the IRS to report, on an annual basis, information with respect to interests in, and accounts maintained by, the institution that are owned by certain U.S. persons and by certain non-U.S. entities that are wholly or partially owned by U.S. persons and to withhold on certain payments, or (2) if required under an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country, reports such information to its local tax authority, which will exchange such information with the U.S. tax authorities. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country may modify these requirements. Accordingly, the entity through which our securities are held will affect the determination of whether such withholding is required. Similarly, dividends in respect of our securities held by an investor that is a non-financial non-U.S. entity (whether such entity is a beneficial owner or intermediary) that does not qualify under certain exceptions will generally be subject to withholding at a rate of 30%, unless such entity either (1) certifies to the applicable withholding agent that such entity does not have any “substantial United States owners” or (2) provides certain information regarding the entity’s “substantial United States owners,” which will in turn be provided to the U.S. tax authorities. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of FATCA on their investment in our securities.
 
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LEGAL MATTERS
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, New York, New York has passed upon the validity of the Class A common stock, warrants and units covered by this prospectus. Any underwriters or agents will be advised about other issues relating to the offering by counsel to be named in the applicable prospectus supplement.
EXPERTS
The audited consolidated financial statements of Vertiv Holdings, LLC as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019 (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”) and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements, have been included in this prospectus in reliance upon the report of Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
Vertiv Holdings is controlled by investment funds managed by Platinum Equity. The consolidated financial statements of Vertiv Holdings as of and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019 were audited by EY, a member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited (“EYG”) in the United States, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”).
In the third and fourth quarters of 2019, four employees of a member firm of EYG in Romania (“EY Romania”), held employment discussions with Vertiv Holdings at its shared service center in Romania while performing certain audit planning and related procedures for the shared service center. 2019 is the first year EY Romania and these individuals participated in the audit of Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements under PCAOB standards. Two of these employees were staff accountants and the other two were senior accountants. Holding employment discussions with an audit client while serving as a member of the audit engagement team is inconsistent with the SEC and PCAOB auditor independence rules. One individual was hired by Vertiv Holdings in its financial planning and analysis group in a role that is not a financial reporting oversight role. This individual’s three-week employment with Vertiv Holdings was terminated as a result of this issue. The other three professionals remain with EY Romania and have been removed from the EY Romania audit engagement team assigned to audit Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements. All audit work completed by these individuals has been discarded and has been or will be performed by other members of the EY Romania audit engagement team.
In June 2018, a portfolio company ultimately controlled by Platinum Equity acquired a company (“Entity A”) which became a sister affiliate of Vertiv Holdings due to common control. A member firm of EYG in the Netherlands (“EY Netherlands”) provided value-added tax (“VAT”) compliance and representation services to Entity A from 2009 to 2018. As a VAT representative, Dutch law considers EY Netherlands jointly liable with Entity A for the VAT liabilities for a five-year statutory period. Dutch law limits the annual VAT liability based on revenue earned in the Netherlands, and the calculated maximum statutory liability is further limited to five times the annual calculation based on the five-year statute of limitations. The joint liability functions similarly to EY Netherlands providing a guarantee to the Dutch tax authorities of Entity A’s VAT obligations, a financial relationship that is inconsistent with the SEC and PCAOB independence rules as it establishes the appearance of an impermissible mutuality of interest. To effectively eliminate any potential obligations of EY Netherlands resulting from the VAT representation services, Entity A made cash deposits into the bank account owned by the Dutch tax authority equal to the unfunded portion of the maximum potential VAT liability. EY Netherlands terminated the services and withdrew its VAT representation of Entity A, which became effective on January 1, 2019 when another VAT representative was named. Although EY Netherlands remains jointly liable for any VAT obligations during the VAT representation period until January 1, 2024, the Dutch tax authority is required to satisfy any additional VAT obligations from the cash deposits from Entity A it maintains. Since the maximum potential VAT liability is fully funded with cash deposits held by the Dutch tax authority, EY Netherlands in substance is no longer at risk of being compelled to satisfy Entity A’s VAT obligations. The total fees collected for the service and the maximum liability are not material to EY Netherlands, Entity A, Platinum Equity, or Vertiv Holdings. This matter has not and will not impact Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements, nor EY’s related audit procedures or judgments.
 
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In February 2017, a first-year staff accountant employee of EY held employment discussions with and was eventually hired in a staff level role by a subsidiary of a portfolio company (“Entity B”) ultimately controlled by Platinum Equity. The entity at which the employment discussions occurred is a sister affiliate of Vertiv Holdings by virtue of common control. These discussions occurred while the EY staff accountant was performing certain audit related procedures for Entity B subsequent to the issuance of EY’s audit report on the 2016 financial statements of Entity B. Holding employment discussions with an audit client, including its affiliates, while serving as a member of the audit engagement team is inconsistent with the SEC and PCAOB auditor independence rules. Upon identification, the individual was removed from the Entity B engagement team and subsequently resigned from EY in March 2017. The individual was not in a financial reporting oversight role at Entity B, and Platinum Equity disposed of its ownership in Entity B in October 2018.
After careful consideration of the facts and circumstances and the applicable independence rules, EY has concluded that (i) the aforementioned matters did not and do not impair EY’s ability to exercise objective and impartial judgment in connection with its audits of Vertiv Holdings’ consolidated financial statements and (ii) a reasonable investor with knowledge of all relevant facts and circumstances would reach the same conclusion. Vertiv Holdings’ management and audit committee concur with EY’s conclusions.
CHANGE IN AUDITOR
On February 7, 2020, the Board approved the engagement of EY as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 and the subsequent period through February 7, 2020, neither we, nor anyone on our behalf consulted with EY, on behalf of us, regarding the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction (either completed or proposed), the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on our financial statements, or any matter that was either the subject of a “disagreement,” as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K, or a “reportable event,” as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the securities offered by this prospectus. This prospectus, which forms a part of such registration statement, does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement. For further information pertaining to us and our securities, you should refer to the registration statement and to its exhibits. The registration statement has been filed electronically and may be obtained in any manner listed below. Whenever we make reference in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the references are not necessarily complete. If a contract or document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement or a report we file under the Exchange Act, you should refer to the copy of the contract or document that has been filed. Each statement in this prospectus relating to a contract or document filed as an exhibit to a registration statement or report is qualified in all respects by the filed exhibit.
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and on our website at www.vertiv.com. The information found on, or that can be accessed from or that is hyperlinked to, our website is not part of this prospectus. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement through the SEC’s website, as provided herein.
 
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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Vertiv Holdings Co
F-2
F-3
F-4
F-5
F-6
F-7
Audited consolidated financial statements of Vertiv Holdings, LLC
F-30
F-31
F-32
F-33
F-34
F-35
F-36
 
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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF
EARNINGS (LOSS)
VERTIV HOLDINGS Co
(Dollars in millions except for per share data)
Six months
ended June 30,
2020
Six months
ended June 30,
2019
Net sales:
Net sales – products
$ 1,397.4 $ 1,678.6
Net sales – services
505.6 510.3
Net sales
1,903.0 2,188.9
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales – products
978.5 1,179.9
Cost of sales – services
291.1 294.7
Cost of sales
1,269.6 1,474.6
Selling, general and administrative expenses
491.2 549.7
Loss on extinguishment of debt
174.0
Other deductions, net
83.8 67.0
Interest expense, net
99.1 156.4
Income (loss) before income taxes
(214.7) (58.8)
Income tax expense
28.0 34.5
Net income (loss)
$ (242.7) $ (93.3)
Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic
$ (0.85) $ (0.79)
Diluted
$ (0.85) $ (0.79)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic
284,534,285 118,261,955
Diluted
284,534,285 118,261,955
 
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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
VERTIV HOLDINGS Co
(Dollars in millions)
Six months
ended June 30,
2020
Six months
ended June 30,
2019
Net income (loss)
$ (242.7) $ (93.3)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation
(42.4) (4.7)
Interest rate swaps
(35.5)
Tax receivable agreement
16.2
Pension
(0.2)
Comprehensive income (loss)
$ (304.6) $ (98.0)
 
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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
VERTIV HOLDINGS Co
(Dollars in millions)
June 30, 2020
December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 369.7 $ 223.5
Accounts receivable, less allowances of  $25.1 and $19.9, respectively
1,185.0 1,212.2
Inventories
467.9 401.0
Other current assets
180.6 180.7
Total current assets
2,203.2 2,017.4
Property, plant and equipment, net
407.1 428.2
Other assets:
Goodwill
600.0 605.8
Other intangible assets, net
1,341.1 1,441.6
Deferred income taxes
8.2 9.0
Other
170.3 155.4
Total other assets
2,119.6 2,211.8
Total assets
$ 4,729.9 $ 4,657.4
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt and short-term borrowings
$ 42.2 $
Accounts payable
613.4 636.8
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
761.6 867.7
Income taxes
23.3 15.2
Total current liabilities
1,440.5 1,519.7
Long-term debt, net
2,409.0 3,467.3
Deferred income taxes
111.2 124.7
Other long-term liabilities
418.3 250.5
Total liabilities
4,379.0 5,362.2
Equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none
issued and outstanding
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 700,000,000 shares authorized, 328,411,705 and 118,261,955 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
1,638.0 277.7
Accumulated deficit
(1,243.3) (1,000.6)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
(43.8) 18.1
Total equity (deficit)
350.9 (704.8)
Total liabilities and equity
$ 4,729.9 $ 4,657.4
 
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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW
VERTIV HOLDINGS Co
(Dollars in millions)
Six months
ended June 30,
2020
Six months ended
June 30,
2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss
$ (242.7) $ (93.3)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used for operating activities:
Depreciation
28.5 28.4
Amortization
72.0 72.2
Deferred income taxes
(5.9) (10.4)
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs
7.6 14.7
Loss on extinguishment of debt
174.0
Capitalized software write-off
12.3
Changes in operating working capital
(168.6) (89.9)
Other
1.1 (3.3)
Net cash used for operating activities
(121.7) (81.6)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures
(13.2) (23.0)
Investments in capitalized software
(6.2) (10.6)
Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment
5.0
Net cash used for investing activities
(19.4) (28.6)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings from ABL revolving credit facility
324.2 251.8
Repayments of ABL revolving credit facility
(199.1) (361.1)
Proceeds from short-term borrowings
20.2
Proceeds from the issuance of 10.00% Notes
114.2
Borrowing on Term Loan, net of discount
2,189.0
Repayment on Term Loan
(5.5)
Repayment on Prior Term Loan
(2,070.0)
Repayment of Prior Notes
(1,370.0)
Payment of redemption premiums
(75.0)
Payment of debt issuance cost
(11.2)
Proceeds from reverse recapitalization, net
1,832.5
Payment to Vertiv Stockholder
(341.6)
Net cash provided by financing activities
293.5 4.9
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(6.2) 0.3
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
146.2 (105.0)
Beginning cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
233.7 225.3
Ending cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$ 379.9 $ 120.3
Changes in operating working capital
Accounts receivables
$ 27.2 $ (11.5)
Inventories
(66.9) 34.6
Other current assets
(1.2) (33.9)
Accounts payable
(21.1) (106.1)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
(116.0) 7.1
Income taxes
9.4 19.9
Total changes in operating working capital
$ (168.6) $ (89.9)
 
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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTOF EQUITY (DEFICIT)
VERTIV HOLDINGS Co
(Dollars in millions)
Share capital
Additional
paid in
capital
Accumulated
deficit
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Total
Shares
Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018, as originally reported
1,000,000 $    — $ 277.7 $ (859.8) $ 41.8 $ (540.3)
Conversion of units of share capital
117,261,955
Balance at December 31, 2018, as recasted(1)
118,261,955 277.7 (859.8) 41.8 (540.3)
Net loss
(74.3) (74.3)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
6.7 6.7
Balance as of March 31, 2019, as recasted(1)
118,261,955 $ $ 277.7 $ (934.1) $ 48.5 $ (607.9)
Balance as of March 31, 2019, as originally reported
1,000,000 277.7 (934.1) 48.5 (607.9)
Conversion of units of share capital
117,261,955
Balance as of March 31, 2019, as recasted(1)
118,261,955 277.7 (934.1) 48.5 (607.9)
Net loss
(18.9) (18.9)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
(11.4) (11.4)
Balance as of June 30, 2019, as
recasted(1)
118,261,955 277.7 (953.0) 37.1 (638.2)
Balance at December 31, 2019, as originally reported
1,000,000 $ $ 277.7 $ (1,000.6) $ 18.1 $ (704.8)
Conversion of units of share capital
117,261,955
Balance at December 31, 2019, as recasted(1)
118,261,955 277.7 (1,000.6) 18.1 (704.8)
Tax Receivable Agreement
(133.4) (133.4)
Net loss
(268.9) (268.9)
Stock issuance
123,900,000 1,195.1 1,195.1
Merger recapitalization
86,249,750 295.8 295.8
Stock-based Compensation
0.7 0.7
Other comprehensive loss, net of
tax
(52.6) (52.6)
Balance at March 31, 2020
328,411,705 $ $ 1,635.9 $ (1,269.5) $ (34.5) $ 331.9
Net income
26.2 26.2
Stock-based Compensation
2.5 2.5
Other merger adjustment
(0.4) (0.4)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
(9.3) (9.3)
Balance at June 30, 2020
328,411,705 $ $ 1,638.0 $ (1,243.3) $ (43.8) $ 350.9
(1)   The shares and earnings per share available to holders of the Company’s ordinary shares, prior to the Business Combination, have been recasted as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Business Combination (1.0 Vertiv Holdings share to 118.261955 Vertiv Holdings Co shares).
 
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Vertiv Holdings Co
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in millions, except as otherwise specified and per share amounts)
(1)   DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Vertiv Holdings Co (“Holdings Co”, and together with its majority-owned subsidiaries, “Vertiv”, “we”, “our”, or “the Company”), formerly known as GS Acquisition Holdings Corp (“GSAH”), provides mission-critical infrastructure technologies and life cycle services for data centers, communication networks, and commercial and industrial environments. Vertiv’s offerings include power conditioning and uninterruptible power systems, thermal management, integrated data center control devices, software, monitoring, and service. Vertiv manages and reports results of operations for three business segments: Americas; Asia Pacific; and Europe, Middle East & Africa.
Vertiv Holdings Co was originally incorporated in Delaware on April 25, 2016 as a special purpose acquisition company formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On June 12, 2018, GSAH consummated its initial public offering (the “IPO”) of 69,000,000 units, including 9,000,000 units issued pursuant to the exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional units in full, at a price of $10.00 per unit, generating proceeds to GSAH of  $690.0 before underwriting discounts and expenses. Simultaneously with the closing of the IPO, GSAH closed the private placement of an aggregate of 10,533,333 warrants, each exercisable to purchase one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of  $11.50 per share (the “private placement warrants” and, together with the public warrants, the “warrants”), initially issued to GS DC Sponsor I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, at a price of  $1.50 per private placement warrant, generating proceeds of  $15.8.
On February 7, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), Vertiv Holdings Co consummated its previously announced business combination pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 10, 2019 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among GSAH, Vertiv Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Vertiv Holdings”), VPE Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Vertiv Stockholder”), Crew Merger Sub I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of GSAH (“First Merger Sub”), and Crew Merger Sub II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of GSAH (“Second Merger Sub”). As contemplated by the Merger Agreement, (1) First Merger Sub merged with and into Vertiv Holdings, with Vertiv Holdings continuing as the surviving entity (the “First Merger”) and (2) immediately following the First Merger and as part of the same overall transaction as the First Merger, Vertiv Holdings merged with and into Second Merger Sub, with Second Merger Sub continuing as the surviving entity and renamed “Vertiv Holdings, LLC” (collectively with the First Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Business Combination”).
The aggregate merger consideration paid by GSAH in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination was approximately $1,526.2 (the “Merger Consideration”). The Merger Consideration was paid in a combination of cash and stock. The amount of cash consideration paid to the Vertiv Stockholder upon the consummation of the Business Combination was $341.6. The remainder of the consideration paid to the Vertiv Stockholder upon the consummation of the Business Combination was stock consideration (“Stock Consideration”), consisting of 118,261,955 newly-issued shares of our Class A common stock (the “Stock Consideration Shares”), which shares were valued at $10.00 per share for purposes of determining the aggregate number of shares of our Class A common stock payable to the Vertiv Stockholder as part of the Merger Consideration. In addition, the Vertiv Stockholder is entitled to receive additional future cash consideration with respect to the Business Combination in the form of amounts payable under a Tax Receivable Agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, by and between the Company and the Vertiv Stockholder (the “Tax Receivable Agreement”). See Note 11 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
 
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Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, Vertiv Holdings Co entered into subscription agreements with certain investors and executive officers (“PIPE Investors”). The PIPE Investors subscribed for 123,900,000 shares of Class A common stock for an aggregate purchase price equal to $1,239.0 (the “PIPE Investment”). The Company used $1,464.0 of the proceeds from the Business Combination to pay down its existing debt. Acquisition-related transaction costs and related charges are not included as a component of consideration transferred but were charged against the proceeds from the PIPE Investment and the trust account.
In connection with the Business Combination, GS Acquisition Holdings Corp changed its name to Vertiv Holdings Co and changed the trading symbols for its units, each unit representing one share of Class A common stock and one-third of one redeemable warrant to acquire one share of Class A common stock, that were issued in the IPO (less the number of units that have been separated into the underlying shares of Class A common stock and underlying warrants (the “public warrants”) upon the request of the holder thereof) (the “units”). Class A common stock and public warrants on the NYSE were changed from “GSAH.U,” “GSAH” and “GSAH WS,” to “VERT.U,” “VRT” and “VRT WS,” respectively. As a result of the Business Combination, Vertiv Holdings Co became the owner, directly or indirectly, of all of the assets of Vertiv and its subsidiaries, and the Vertiv Stockholder holds a portion of the Company’s Class A common stock.
The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded, in accordance with US GAAP. This determination was primarily based on post Business Combination relative voting rights, composition of the governing board, management, and intent of the Business Combination. Under this method of accounting, GSAH was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of Vertiv issuing stock for the net assets of GSAH, which primarily consisted of cash held in its trust account, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of the Company were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Reported amounts from operations included herein prior to the Business Combination are those of Vertiv.
(2)   BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling interest. These condensed consolidated interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements. In management’s opinion, these financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP in the United States requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual amounts could differ from the estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates based on currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates. Results for these interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year due to, among other reasons, the continued uncertainty of general economic conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic that is impacting our sales channels, supply chain, manufacturing operations, workforce, or other key aspects of our operations.
The notes included herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8 K/A for the year ended December 31, 2019. The December 31, 2019 information has been derived from the Company’s annual financial statements included in Form 8 K/A for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Effective January 1, 2020 we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), which aligns the
 
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requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a service contract hosting arrangement with those of developing or obtaining internal-use software. The guidance was adopted prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption, which are now recorded in other assets in the current year compared to intangible assets in the prior year on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and payments are recorded in cash flows from operating activities in the current year compared to investing activities in the prior year on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-13—Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), a new standard to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology under current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The adoption of the standard did not have a significant impact on the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
(3)   REVENUE
The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of manufactured products and services when control of promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
Disaggregation of Revenues
Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, sales were moved within product and service offering categories to reflect a strategic realignment within the Company’s matrix organizational structure. Comparative results for the six months ended June 30, 2019 have been adjusted to reflect this modification. Additionally, product and service offering category names were revised as follows: Services & software solutions changed to Service & spares and I.T. edge & infrastructure changed to Integrated rack solutions. There was no change in the description of the Critical infrastructure & solutions offering.
The following table disaggregates our revenue by product and service offering and timing of transfer of control:
Six months ended June 30, 2020
Americas
Asia Pacific
Europe,
Middle East,  &
Africa
Total
Sales by Product and Service Offering:
Critical infrastructure & solutions
$ 490.4 $ 318.5 $ 204.8 $ 1,013.7
Services & spares
322.7 167.3 131.9 621.9
Integrated rack solutions
138.3 60.9 68.2 267.4
Total
$ 951.4 $ 546.7 $ 404.9 $ 1,903.0
Timing of revenue recognition:
Products and services transferred at a point in time
$ 645.6 $ 417.7 $ 319.2 $ 1,382.5
Products and services transferred over time
305.8 129.0 85.7 520.5
Total
$ 951.4 $ 546.7 $ 404.9 $ 1,903.0
 
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Six months ended June 30, 2019
Americas
Asia Pacific
Europe,
Middle East,  &
Africa
Total
Sales by Product and Service Offering:(2)
Critical infrastructure & solutions
$ 650.8 $ 336.1 $ 258.5 $ 1,245.4
Services & spares
324.9 174.5 143.5 642.9
Integrated rack solutions
154.0 71.7 74.9 300.6
Total
$ 1,129.7 $ 582.3 $ 476.9 $ 2,188.9
Timing of revenue recognition:
Products and services transferred at a point in time
$ 833.4 $ 451.4 $ 389.8 $ 1,674.6
Products and services transferred over time
296.3 130.9 87.1 514.3
Total
$ 1,129.7 $ 582.3 $ 476.9 $ 2,188.9
(2)   Comparative results for Critical infrastructure & solutions, Services & spares and Integrated rack solutions for the six months ended June 30,2019 have been adjusted by $(65.8), $10.7, and $55.1, respectively, to reflect the strategic realignment described above.
The opening and closing balances of our current and long-term contract assets and current and long-term deferred revenue are as follows:
Balances at
June 30, 2020
Balances at
December 31, 2019
Deferred revenue – current(3)
$ 190.2 $ 160.9
Deferred revenue – noncurrent(4)
37.9 41.3
Other contract liabilities – current(3)
36.0 39.8
(3)   Current deferred revenue and contract liabilities are included within accrued expenses and other liabilities.
(4)   Noncurrent deferred revenue is recorded within other long-term liabilities.
Deferred revenue consists primarily of maintenance, extended warranty and other service contracts. We expect to recognize revenue of  $11.6, $13.8 and $12.5 in the last six months of 2021, fiscal year 2022, and thereafter, respectively.
(4)   RESTRUCTURING COSTS
Restructuring costs include expenses associated with the Company’s efforts to continually improve operational efficiency and deploy assets to remain competitive on a worldwide basis. Start-up and moving costs include costs of moving fixed assets, employee training and relocation. Vacant facility costs include security, maintenance, utilities and other costs. The Company expects full year 2020 restructuring expense to be approximately $8.0; however, due to the ongoing impact of COVID-19, the company is continuing to reassess its operations which may lead to further restructuring actions in 2020, and thereafter. This expense primarily will relate to severance and benefits as part of the organizational re-alignment initiatives.
 
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Restructuring costs by business segment are as follows:
Six
months ended
June 30, 2020
Six
months ended
June 30, 2019
Americas
$ 1.0 $ 0.8
Asia Pacific
0.2 0.1
Europe, Middle East & Africa
0.8 4.5
Corporate
(0.7)
Total
$ 1.3 $ 5.4
The change in the liability for the restructuring of operations during the six months ended June 30, 2020 are as follows:
December 31,
2019
Expense
Paid/utilized
June 30,
2020
Severance and benefits
$ 21.6 $ 0.6 $ (12.7) $ 9.5
Lease and contract terminations
Vacant facility and other shutdown costs
0.6 (0.1) 0.5
Start-up and moving costs
0.7 (0.7)
Total
$ 22.2 $ 1.3 $ (13.5) $ 10.0
The change in the liability for the restructuring of operations during the six months ended June 30, 2019 are as follows:
December 31,
2018
Expense
Paid/utilized
June 30,
2019
Severance and benefits
$ 24.6 $ 4.4 $ (11.7) $ 17.3
Lease and contract terminations
Vacant facility and other shutdown costs
1.2 0.6 (0.7) 1.1
Start-up and moving costs
0.4 (0.4)
Total
$ 25.8 $ 5.4 $ (12.8) $ 18.4
(5)   GOODWILL AND OTHER TANGIBLES
Goodwill by business segment is as follows:
Americas
Asia Pacific
Europe,
Middle East  &
Africa
Total
Balance, December 31, 2019
$ 374.5 $ 50.3 $ 184.0 $ 605.8
Foreign currency translation
(1.4) (1.4) (3.0) (5.8)
Balance June 30, 2020
$ 370.1 $ 48.9 $ 181.0) $ 600.0
 
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The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of identifiable intangible assets by major class follow:
As of June 30, 2020
Gross
Accumulated
amortization
Net
Customer relationships
$ 1,083.5 $ (308.5) $ 775.0
Developed technology
324.3 (121.4) 202.9
Capitalized software
91.0 (41.9) 49.1
Trademarks
38.7 (14.8) 23.9
Total finite-lived identifiable intangible assets
$ 1,537.5 $ (486.6) $ 1,050.9
Indefinite-lived trademarks
290.2 290.2
Total intangible assets
$ 1,827.7 $ (486.6) $ 1,341.1
As of December 31, 2019
Gross
Accumulated
amortization
Net
Customer relationships
$ 1,099.2 $ (268.2) $ 831.0
Developed technology
328.2 (105.4) 222.8
Capitalized software
103.3 (35.8) 67.5
Trademarks
38.6 (12.4) 26.2
Favorable operating leases
2.1 (2.1)
Total finite-lived identifiable intangible assets
$ 1,571.4 $ (423.9) $ 1,147.5
Indefinite-lived trademarks
294.1 294.1
Total intangible assets
$ 1,865.5 $ (423.9) $ 1,441.6
Total intangible asset amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $35.7, $36.8 and $72.0, $72.2, respectively.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2020, management changed its strategy on the ERP platform that was being implemented in the Americas segment. As a result, the Company recognized a write-off of approximately $12.3, consisting primarily of capitalized software costs, which is recorded as a corporate expense, within other deductions, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of earnings (loss).
The Company considered the overall macroeconomic conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the uncertainty surrounding the global economy and concluded that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of its three reporting units declined below their carrying value and therefore an interim quantitative impairment test was not required at June 30, 2020. The present uncertainty surrounding the global economy due to the COVID-19 pandemic increases the likelihood that adverse changes in key assumptions used to determine the fair value of reporting units like sales estimates, cost factors, discount rates and stock price could result in interim quantitative goodwill impairment tests and non-cash goodwill impairments in future periods.
In view of the COVID-19 pandemic the Company also reviewed its indefinite-lived tradename intangible assets and concluded that it was not more likely than not the fair value of such tradename assets were below its carrying value. However, uncertainty surrounding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic increases the likelihood that adverse changes in key assumptions used to determine the fair value of indefinite-lived intangibles like sales estimates or discount rates could result in interim quantitative tradename impairments tests and non-cash tradename impairments in future periods. Additionally, uncertainty around the current macroeconomic environment could result in changes to the Company’s marketing and branding strategy which also could impact the carrying value or estimated useful lives of the Company’s tradenames.
 
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(6)   DEBT
Long-term debt, net, consists of the following as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
June 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Term Loan due 2027
$ 2,194.5 $
ABL Revolving Credit Facility
269.9 145.2
Term Loan due 2023
2,070.0
9.250% Notes due 2024
750.0
12.00%/13.00% Senior PIK Toggle Notes due 2022
500.0
10.00% Notes due 2024
120.0
Unamortized discount and issuance costs
(33.4) (117.9)
2,431.0 3,467.3
Less: Current Portion
(22.0)
Total long-term debt, net of current portion
$ 2,409.0 $ 3,467.3
Contractual maturities of the Company’s debt obligations as of June 30, 2020 are shown below:
Term loan
ABL
Short-term
borrowings
Total
Remainder of 2020
$ 11.0 $ $ 20.2 $ 31.2
2021
22.0 22.0
2022
22.0 22.0
2023
22.0 22.0
2024
22.0 22.0
2025
22.0 269.9 291.9
Thereafter
2,073.5 2,073.5
Total
$ 2,194.5 $ 269.9 $ 20.2 $ 2,484.6
On March 2, 2020, we completed a refinancing by entering into (i) Amendment No. 5 to the Prior-Asset Based Revolving Credit Agreement (as defined below), by and among, inter alia, Vertiv Group Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Vertiv Group” or the “Borrower”) and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Vertiv Holdings Co, Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Holdings”) and the direct parent of Vertiv Group, certain direct and indirect subsidiaries of Vertiv Group, as co-borrowers and guarantors thereunder, various financial institutions from time to time party thereto, as lenders, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the “ABL Agent”), and certain other institutions as additional agents and letter of credit issuers (the “ABL Amendment” and, the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement as amended by the ABL Amendment, the “ABL Revolving Credit Facility”), which ABL Amendment extended the maturity of, and made certain other modifications to, the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement and (ii) a new Term Loan Credit Agreement, by and among, inter alia, Holdings, Vertiv Group, as borrower, various financial institutions from time to time party thereto (the “Term Lenders”), and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the “Term Agent”) (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”), which Term Loan Credit Agreement provided for a $2,200.0 senior secured term loan, the proceeds of which were used, together with certain borrowings under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility, to repay or redeem, as applicable, in full certain existing indebtedness and to pay certain fees and expenses as further set forth below. The refinancing transactions have resulted in a reduction of our debt service requirements going forward and an extension of the maturity profile of our indebtedness.
On the Closing Date and prior to the completion of the refinancing transactions, Vertiv used a portion of the proceeds from the Business Combination, including the PIPE Investment, to repay $176.0 of the outstanding
 
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indebtedness under the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement and approximately $1,285.9 of the outstanding indebtedness under the Prior Term Loan Facility (as defined below).
In connection with the repayment from the Business Combination and the subsequent refinancing transactions, we recognized $99.0 write-off of deferred financing fees and $75.0 early redemption premium on Prior Notes (as defined below). The write-off is recorded in Loss on extinguishment of debt in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of earnings (loss).
Term Loan due 2027
Pursuant to the Term Loan Credit Agreement, the Term Lenders made $2,200.0 in senior secured term loans (the “Term Loan”) to the Borrower. The proceeds of the Term Loan, together with certain borrowings under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility, were used to repay or redeem in full the outstanding indebtedness (the “Refinancing”) of the Borrower and of Vertiv Intermediate Holding Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Holdco”) and an indirect parent of the Borrower, under the Prior Term Loan Facility and the Prior Notes (as defined below) and to pay fees and expenses in connection with (a) entry into the Term Loan Credit Agreement, (b) entry into the ABL Revolving Credit Facility and (c) such repayments and redemptions.
Subject to certain conditions and without consent of the then-existing Term Lenders (but subject to the receipt of commitments), the Borrower may incur additional loans under the Term Loan Credit Agreement (as an increase to the Term Loan or as one or more new tranches of term loans) (“Incremental Term Loans”) in an aggregate principal amount of up to the sum of  (a) the greater of  $325.0 and 60.0% of Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement), plus (b) an amount equal to all voluntary prepayments, repurchases and redemptions of pari passu term loans borrowed under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and of certain other pari passu indebtedness incurred outside the Term Loan Credit Agreement utilizing capacity that would otherwise be available for Incremental Term Loans, plus (c) an unlimited amount, so long as on a pro forma basis after giving effect thereto, (i) with respect to indebtedness secured by the Collateral (as defined below) on a pari passu basis with the Term Loan, the Consolidated First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement) would not exceed 3.75:1.00 and (ii) with respect to indebtedness incurred outside of the Term Loan Credit Agreement and secured by the Collateral on a junior basis with the Term Loan or that is unsecured, the Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement) would not exceed either (A) 5.25:1.00 or (B) if such indebtedness is incurred in connection with a permitted acquisition or other permitted investment, the Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio in effect immediately prior to the consummation of such transaction (the amounts referred to in clauses (a), (b) and (c), collectively, the “Incremental Amount”). Subject to certain conditions, the Borrower may incur additional indebtedness outside of the Term Loan Credit Agreement using the then-available Incremental Amount in lieu of Incremental Term Loans.
The Term Loan amortizes in equal quarterly installments in an amount equal to 1.00% per annum of the principal amount, which commenced June 30, 2020. The interest rate applicable to the Term Loan is, at the Borrower’s option, either (a) the base rate (which is the highest of  (i) the prime rate of Citibank, N.A. on such day, (ii) the greater of the then-current (A) federal funds rate set by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and (B) rate comprised of both overnight federal funds and overnight LIBOR, in each case, plus 0.50%, (iii) LIBOR for a one month interest period, plus 1.00% and (iv) 1.00%), plus 2.00% or (b) one-, two-, three- or six-month LIBOR or, if agreed by all Term Lenders, 12-month LIBOR or, if agreed to by the Term Agent, any shorter period (selected at the option of the Borrower), plus 3.00%. Additionally, concurrent with the refinancing, Vertiv Group entered into interest rate swap agreements with an initial notional amount of  $1,200.0, which will reduce to $1,000.0 in 2021 and remain at $1,000.0 until the maturity of the Term Loan Credit Agreement in 2027. The swap transactions exchange floating rate interest payments for fixed rate interest payments on the notional amount to reduce interest rate volatility. The borrowing rate of the Term Loan as of June 30, 2020 was 3.18%.
The Borrower may voluntarily prepay the Term Loan, in whole or in part, subject to minimum amounts, with prior notice but without premium or penalty (other than, subject to certain exclusions, a 1.00% premium on any prepayment in connection with a repricing transaction prior to the date that is six months after entry into the
 
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Term Loan Credit Agreement). The Borrower is required to repay the Term Loan with 50% of Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement), 100% of the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales and casualty and condemnation events and the incurrence of certain other indebtedness, in each case, subject to certain step-downs, reinvestment rights, thresholds and other exceptions.
The Borrower’s obligations under the Term Loan Credit Agreement are guaranteed by Holdings and all of the Borrower’s direct and indirect wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries (subject to certain permitted exceptions) (collectively, the “Guarantors”). Subject to certain exceptions, the obligations of the Borrower and the Guarantors under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and related documents are secured by a lien on substantially all of the assets of the Borrower and the Guarantors (the “Collateral”).
The Term Loan Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative, reporting and negative covenants, and events of default.
ABL revolving credit facility
The ABL Amendment extended the maturity of, and made certain other modifications to, the Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2016 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time prior to March 2, 2020, the “Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement”), by and among Holdings, the Borrower, certain subsidiaries of the Borrower, as co-borrowers, various financial institutions from time to time party thereto, as lenders (after giving effect to the ABL Amendment, the “ABL Lenders”), the ABL Agent and certain other institutions from time to time party thereto as additional agents and letter of credit issuers. The ABL Revolving Credit Facility is available to the Borrower and the Co-Borrowers and provides for revolving loans in various currencies and under U.S. and foreign subfacilities, in an aggregate amount up to $455.0 with a letter of credit subfacility of  $200.0 and a swingline subfacility of  $75.0, in each case, subject to various borrowing bases. Borrowings under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility are limited by borrowing base calculations based on the sum of specified percentages of eligible accounts receivable, certain eligible inventory and certain unrestricted cash, minus the amount of any applicable reserves. Borrowings under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility were used on March 2, 2020, together with the proceeds of the Term Loan, to consummate the Refinancing and for working capital purposes. Going forward, borrowings under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. Unless terminated subject to the terms of the ABL Revolving Credit Facility, all commitments under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility shall terminate, and any loans outstanding thereunder shall mature, on the fifth year anniversary of entry into the ABL Amendment.
Subject to certain conditions and without the consent of the then-existing ABL Lenders (but subject to the receipt of commitments), commitments under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility may be increased to up to $600.0.
The interest rate applicable to loans denominated in U.S. dollars under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility is, at the Borrower’s option, either (a) the base rate (which is the highest of  (i) the prime rate of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. on such date, (ii) the greater of the then-current (A) federal funds rate set by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and (B) rate comprised of both overnight federal and overnight LIBOR, in each case, plus 0.50%, (iii) LIBOR for a one month interest period, plus 1.00% and (iv) 1.00%), plus an applicable margin (the “Base Rate Margin”) ranging from 0.25% to 0.75%, depending on average excess availability or (b) one-, two-, three- or six-month LIBOR or, if available to all ABL Lenders, 12-month LIBOR or any shorter period (selected at the option of the Borrower), plus an applicable margin (the “LIBOR Margin” and collectively, with the Base Rate Margin, the “Applicable Margins”) ranging from 1.25% to 1.75%, depending on average excess availability. Certain “FILO” denominated loans have margins equal to the Applicable Margins, plus an additional 1.00%. Loans denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars are subject to customary interest rate conventions and indexes, but in each case, with the same Applicable Margins. In addition, the following fees are applicable under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility: (a) an unused line fee of 0.25% per annum on the unused portion of the commitments under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility, (b) letter of credit participation fees on the aggregate stated amount of each letter of credit equal to the LIBOR Margin and (c) certain other customary fees and expenses of the lenders, letter of credit issuers and agents thereunder.
 
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The Borrower’s and Co-Borrowers’ obligations under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility are guaranteed by the Guarantors (including certain Co-Borrowers as to the obligations of other Co-Borrowers) and, subject to certain exclusions, certain non-U.S. restricted subsidiaries of the Borrower (the “Foreign Guarantors”). No Foreign Guarantor guarantees the obligations of the Borrower or any Co-Borrower that is a U.S. subsidiary of the Borrower. Subject to certain exceptions, the obligations of the Borrower, Co-Borrowers, Guarantors and Foreign Guarantors under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility and related documents are secured by a lien on the Collateral and, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions, certain assets of the Co-Borrowers that are non-U.S. subsidiaries of the Borrower and certain assets of the Foreign Guarantors (collectively, the “Foreign Collateral”). None of the Foreign Collateral secures the obligations of the Borrower or any Co-Borrower that is a U.S. subsidiary of the Borrower.
The ABL Revolving Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative, reporting (including as to borrowing base-related matters) and negative covenants, and events of default. The ABL Revolving Credit Facility requires the maintenance of a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the ABL Revolving Credit Facility) on any date when Global Availability (as defined in the ABL Revolving Credit Facility) is less than the greater of  (a) 10.0% of the aggregate commitments and (b) $30,000,000 of 1.00 to 1.00, tested for the four fiscal quarter period ended on the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter for which financials have been delivered, and at the end of each succeeding fiscal quarter thereafter until the date on which Global Availability has exceeded the greater of  (a) 10.0% of the aggregate commitments and (b) $30,000,000 for 30 consecutive calendar days.
At June 30, 2020, Vertiv Group and the Co-Borrowers had $164.9 of availability under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility, net of letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate principal amount of  $20.3, and taking into account the borrowing base limitations set forth in the ABL Revolving Credit Facility and a weighted average borrowing rate of 1.5 percent
Short-term borrowings
At June 30, 2020, the Company had $20.2 of short-term debt outstanding associated with the execution of a loan agreement and receipt of bank accepted drafts related to one of its international subsidiaries. The entire $20.2 of short-term borrowings outstanding at June 30, 2020 is expected to be repaid by the first quarter of 2021. At June 30, 2020 there was no remaining availability under the agreement.
Prior term loan facility
On November 30, 2016, Vertiv Group and Holdings entered into a term loan credit agreement with various financial institutions from time to time party thereto as lenders and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (as amended from time to time prior to March 2, 2020, the “Prior Term Loan Facility”). The Prior Term Loan Facility initially provided for a $2,320.0 senior term loan. On December 22, 2017, Vertiv Group obtained an additional $325.0 incremental term loan under the Prior Term Loan Facility. After accounting for prepayments and amortization, at December 31, 2019, the principal balance of the outstanding term loans was $2,070.0.
On March 2, 2020, the Prior Term Loan Facility was fully repaid as noted above.
Redemption of prior notes
On January 31, 2020, Vertiv commenced a process to refinance the indebtedness governed by the Prior Term Loan Facility and amend and extend the Prior Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement. In connection with these refinancing transactions, Vertiv called all of Holdco’s $500.0 of 12.00%/13.00% Senior PIK Toggle Notes due 2022 (the “2022 Senior Notes”), Vertiv Group’s $750.0 of 9.250% Senior Notes due 2024 (“2024 Senior Notes”) and Vertiv Group’s $120.0 of 10.00% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Senior Secured Notes” and, collectively with the 2022 Senior Notes and 2024 Senior Notes, our “Prior Notes”) for conditional redemption on March 2, 2020, in accordance with the respective indentures. A total of  $0.5 principal amount of 2024 Senior Notes had been previously tendered pursuant to the change of control offer made in connection with the Business Combination and were repurchased on February 7, 2020. The remaining balance of the Prior
 
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Notes was redeemed in full on March 2, 2020. In connection with the redemption of the Prior Notes on March 2, 2020, we recognized a $75.0 redemption premium and $34.3 write-off of deferred debt issuance costs during the six months ended June 30, 2020, included in Other deductions, net.
(7)   LEASES
The Company leases office space, warehouses, vehicles, and equipment. Leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 20 years, some of which have renewal and termination options. Termination options are exercisable at the Company’s option. Terms and conditions to extend or terminate are recognized as part of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities where prescribed by the guidance. The majority of our leases are operating leases. Finance leases are immaterial to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Operating lease expense is as follows:
Six months
ended
June 30, 2020
Six months
ended
June 30, 2019
Operating lease cost
$ 25.2 $ 24.9
Short-term and variable lease cost
13.1 14.1
Total lease cost
$ 38.3 $ 39.0
Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows:
Six months
ended
June 30, 2020
Six months
ended
June 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows – Payments on operating leases
$ 25.2 $ 24.7
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations:
Operating leases
$ 24.6 $ 126.5
Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases is as follows:
Financial statement line item
June 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Other assets $ 120.6 $ 110.4
Operating lease liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
36.0 35.0
Operating lease liabilities
Other long-term liabilities 86.5 78.2
Total lease liabilities
$ 122.5 $ 113.2
 
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Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for operating leases are as follows:
June 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
4.4 years
4.5 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate
6.5%
7.3%
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:
As of
June 30, 2020
As of
December 31, 2019
Operating leases
2020
$ 23.3 $ 43.3
2021
37.5 31.6
2022
29.8 24.1
2023
23.0 18.0
2024
13.7 10.6
Thereafter
16.8 14.2
Total Lease Payments
144.1 141.8
Less: Imputed Interest
(21.6) (28.6)
Present value of lease liabilities
$ 122.5 $ 113.2
(8)   INCOME TAXES
The effective tax rate was 35.3 percent, (551.7) percent and (13.0) percent, (58.7) percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The effective rate in the current three and six-month periods is primarily influenced by the mix of income between our U.S. and non-U.S. operations and the impact of the global intangible low-taxed income provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”) which is offset by changes in valuation allowance for U.S. federal purposes and discrete tax adjustments primarily related to (1) a change in our indefinite reinvestment liability caused by movement in foreign currencies and legislative changes enacted during the periods, (2) changes in certain non-US valuation allowances, and (3) adjustments related to uncertain tax positions. The effective rates for the comparative three and six-month periods was primarily influenced by the mix of income between our U.S. and non-U.S. operations and the impact of the global intangible low-taxed income provisions of the “Act” which is offset by changes in valuation allowance for U.S. federal purposes.
The Company has provided for U.S. federal income taxes and foreign withholding taxes on all temporary differences attributed to basis differences in foreign subsidiaries that are not considered indefinitely reinvested. As of June 30, 2020, the Company has certain earnings of certain foreign affiliates that continue to be indefinitely reinvested, but determined the impact was not practicable.
On March 18, 2020, the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCR Act), and on March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) were each enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The FFCR Act and the CARES Act contain numerous income tax provisions, such as relaxing limitations on the deductibility of interest and the use of net operating losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. While we continue to assess the impact of these provisions on our tax planning strategies, due to the significant interest and net operating loss carryforwards subject to valuation allowance, we do not expect the FFCR Act and CARES Act positions will have a material impact on the company’s annual effective tax rate or tax position.
 
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(9)   RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Services agreement
The Company received certain corporate and advisory services from Platinum Equity Advisors, LLC (“Advisors”), and affiliates of Advisors. These services were provided pursuant to a corporate advisory services agreement (“the “CASA”) between Advisors and the Company. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded $0.5 in charges related to the CASA. This agreement was terminated on February 7,2020.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded $25.0 in charges relating to services performed in connection with the Business Combination. These charges were recorded as a reduction of the cash acquired from GSAH within additional paid-in capital.
During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded $5.5 of cash related to a true-up of merger consideration in connection with the Business Combination.
Transactions with affiliates of advisors
The Company also purchased and sold goods in the ordinary course of business with affiliates of Advisors. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 purchases were $12.9, $18.4 and $24.4, $31.1, respectively.
Tax receivable agreement
On the Closing Date of the Business Combination, the Company entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement with Advisors. See Note 11—Financial Instruments and Risk Management for additional information.
(10)   OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION
June 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 369.7 $ 223.5
Restricted cash included in other current assets
10.2 10.2
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$ 379.9 $ 233.7
June 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Inventories
Finished products
$ 217.8 $ 180.2
Raw materials
157.9 162.6
Work in process
92.2 58.2
Total inventories
$ 467.9 $ 401.0
June 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Property, plant and equipment, net
Machinery and equipment
$ 292.2 $ 280.7
Buildings
247.9 243.2
Land
46.2 46.7
Construction in progress
9.4 21.9
Property, plant and equipment, at cost
595.7 592.5
 
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June 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Less: Accumulated depreciation
(188.6) (164.3)
Property, plant and equipment, net
$ 407.1 $ 428.2
June 30,
2020
December 31,
2019
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Deferred revenue
$ 190.2 $ 160.9
Accrued payroll and other employee compensation
99.3 145.4
Product warranty
36.9 43.2
Litigation reserve (see note 17)
96.5 92.9
Operating lease liabilities
36.0 35.0
Other
302.7 390.3
Total
$ 761.6 $ 867.7
2020
2019
Change in product warranty accrual
Beginning balance, December 31
$ 43.3 $ 44.9
Provision charge to expense
13.2 18.7
Paid/utilized
(19.6) (24.5)
Ending balance, June 30
$ 36.9 $ 39.1
(11)   FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT
In accordance with ASC 820, the Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. Observable inputs are from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances. These tiers include the following:
Level 1—inputs include observable unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2—inputs include other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable
Level 3—inputs include unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions
In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation techniques and prioritizes the use of observable inputs. The availability of observable inputs varies from instrument to instrument and depends on a variety of factors including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is actively traded and other characteristics particular to the instrument. For many financial instruments, pricing inputs are readily observable in the market, the valuation methodology used is widely accepted by market participants and the valuation does not require significant management judgment. For other financial instruments, pricing inputs are less observable in the marketplace and may require management judgment.
 
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Recurring fair value measurements
We elected to apply fair value option accounting to the Tax receivable agreement. A summary of the Company’s financial instruments recognized at fair value, and the fair value measurements used, follows:
Total
Quoted prices in active
markets for identical
assets (Level 1)
Other observable
inputs
(Level 2)
Unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
June 30, 2020
Tax Receivable Agreement
133.3 133.3
Interest rate swaps
35.5 35.5
Tax receivable agreement—value is determined using Level 3 inputs. The measurement is calculated using unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions including the timing and amount of future taxable income and realizability of tax attributes. When valuing the tax receivable liability at June 30, 2020, we utilized a discount rate of 5.2%. The discount rate was determined based on the risk-free rate and Vertiv’s implied credit spread. A one percentage point change in the discount rate would result in a change in value of approximately $7.0 at June 30, 2020. Significant changes in unobservable inputs could result in material changes to the tax receivable liability.
Interest rate swaps — valued using the LIBOR yield curves at the reporting date. Counterparties to these contracts are highly rated financial institutions. The fair values of the Company’s interest rate swaps are adjusted for nonperformance risk and creditworthiness of the counterparty through the Company’s credit valuation adjustment (“CVA”). The CVA is calculated at the counterparty level utilizing the fair value exposure at each payment date and applying a weighted probability of the appropriate survival and marginal default percentages.
Details of the changes in value for the Tax receivable agreement are as follows:
Beginning liability balance, January 1, 2020
$
Tax receivable agreement, initially recorded
133.4
Change in fair value
(0.1)
Ending liability balance, June 30, 2020
$ 133.3
Tax receivable agreement
On the Closing Date, the Company entered into the Tax Receivable Agreement, which generally provides for the payment by us to the Vertiv Stockholder of 65% of the cash tax savings in U.S. federal, state, local and certain foreign taxes, that we actually realize (or are deemed to realize) in periods after the closing of the Business Combination as a result of  (i) increases in the tax basis of certain intangible assets of Vertiv resulting from certain pre-Business Combination acquisitions, (ii) certain U.S. federal income tax credits for increasing research activities (so-called “R&D credits”) and (iii) tax deductions in respect of certain Business Combination expenses. We expect to retain the benefit of the remaining 35% of these cash tax savings.
For purposes of the Tax Receivable Agreement, the applicable tax savings will generally be computed by comparing our actual tax liability for a given taxable year to the amount of such taxes that we would have been required to pay in such taxable year without the tax basis in certain intangible assets, the U.S. federal income tax R&D credits and the tax deductions for certain Business Combination expenses described above. Except as described below, the term of the Tax Receivable Agreement will continue for twelve taxable years following the closing of the Business Combination. However, the payments described in (i) and (ii) above will generally be deferred until the close of our third taxable year following the closing of the Business Combination. The payments described in (iii) above will generally be deferred until the close of our fourth taxable year following the closing of the Business Combination and then payable ratably over the following three taxable year periods regardless of whether we actually realize such tax benefits. Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement are not conditioned on the Vertiv Stockholder’s continued ownership of our stock.
 
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Under certain circumstances (including a material breach of our obligations, certain actions or transactions constituting a change of control, a divestiture of certain assets, upon the end of the term of the Tax Receivable Agreement or, after three years, at our option), payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be accelerated and become immediately due in a lump sum. In such case, the payments due upon acceleration would be based on the present value of our anticipated future tax savings using certain valuation assumptions, including that we will generate sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the applicable tax assets and attributes covered under the Tax Receivable Agreement (or, in the case of a divestiture of certain assets, the applicable tax attributes relating to such assets). Consequently, it is possible in these circumstances that the actual cash tax savings realized by us may be significantly less than the corresponding Tax Receivable Agreement payments we are required to make at the time of acceleration. Furthermore, the acceleration of our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement could have a substantial negative impact on our liquidity.
The Tax Receivable Agreement provides for the payment by us to the Vertiv Stockholder of 65% of the cash tax savings realized (or deemed realized) over a 12-year period after the closing of the Business Combination as described above. In the twelfth year of the Tax Receivable Agreement, an additional payment will be made to the Vertiv Stockholder based on 65% of the remaining tax benefits that have not been realized. The timing of expected future payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement are dependent upon various factors, including the existing tax bases at the time of the Business Combination, the realization of tax benefits, and changes in tax laws. However, as the Company is obligated to settle the remaining tax benefits after 12 years, the Company has concluded that the liability should be measured at fair value and recorded within other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company has estimated total payments of approximately $191.5 on an undiscounted basis. The fair value of the estimated liability as of the closing date of  $133.4 has been included as an adjustment to additional paid in capital. Subsequent measurements will be recorded in interest expense, net and accumulated other comprehensive income, as appropriate based on the passage of time, change in risk-free rate and implied credit spread. Cash flows of the Tax Receivable Agreement are discounted at an appropriate rate for the applicable duration of the instrument adjusted for our own credit spread. The fair value movement on the tax receivable agreement attributable to our own credit risk spread is recorded in other comprehensive income. These estimates and assumptions are subject to change, which may materially affect the measurement of the liability.
We have recorded $7.1 and $16.2 in Interest expense, net for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, in the consolidated statement of earnings (loss) and an unrealized (loss) gain of  $(9.7) and $16.2, respectively, in Accumulated other comprehensive income, related to the change in fair value of the tax receivable liability from the Closing Date to June 30, 2020.
Interest rate risk management
From time to time the Company may enter into derivative financial instruments designed to hedge the variability in interest expense on floating rate debt. Derivatives are recognized as assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value. When the derivative instrument qualifies as a cash flow hedge, changes in the fair value are deferred through other comprehensive earnings, depending on the nature and effectiveness of the offset.
Concurrent with the refinancing on March 2, 2020, the Company designated certain interest rate swaps with an initial notional amount of  $1,200.0 as cash flow hedges.
The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage the interest rate mix of our total debt portfolio and related overall cost of borrowing. At June 30, 2020 interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges effectively swapped an initial amount of  $1,200.0 of LIBOR based floating rate debt for fixed rate debt. Our interest rate swaps mature in March 2027. The fair value of interest rates swaps was an unrealized loss of  $35.5, of which $10.9 was recorded in Accrued expenses and other liabilities and $24.6 in Other long-term liabilities and the related unrealized loss in Accumulated other comprehensive income, on the balance sheet at June 30, 2020. The Company recognized $0.5 and $0.5 in earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. At
 
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June 30, 2020, the Company expects that approximately $10.9 of pre-tax net losses on cash flow hedges will be reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings during the next twelve months.
Other fair value measurements
We determine the fair value of debt using Level 2 inputs based on quoted market prices. The following table presents the estimated fair value and carrying value of long-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
June 30, 2020(1)
December 31, 2019
Fair value
Par value(2)
Fair value
Par value(2)
Term Loan due 2027
$ 2,079.3 $ 2,194.5 $ $
ABL Revolving Credit Facility due 2025
269.9 269.9 145.2 145.2
Short-term borrowings
20.2 20.2
Term Loan due 2023
2,064.8 2,070.0
9.250% Notes due 2024
805.3 750.0
12.00%/13.00% Senior PIK Toggle Notes due 2022
517.5 500.0
10.00% Notes due 2024
127.5 120.0
(1)   On March 2, 2020, certain subsidiaries of Vertiv Holdings Co entered into a Term Loan Credit Agreement with various financial institutions for $2,200.0 of senior secured term loans. The proceeds of the Term Loan were used to repay or redeem in full certain outstanding indebtedness. See Note 6, Debt for additional information.
(2)   See Note 6 — Debt for additional information
(12)   OTHER DEDUCTIONS, NET
Other deductions, net are summarized as follows:
Six months
ended
June 30, 2020
Six months
ended
June 30, 2019
Amortization of intangibles (excluding software)
64.6 65.2
Restructuring costs (see Note 4)
1.3 5.4
Foreign currency loss (gain), net
4.6 (1.8)
Capitalized software write-off  (see Note 5)
12.3
Other, net
1.0 (1.8)
Total
$ 83.8 $ 67.0
(13)   ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Activity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is as follows:
Six months
ended
June 30, 2020
Six months
ended
June 30, 2019
Foreign currency translation, beginning
$ 32.9 $ 43.2
Other comprehensive (loss) income
(42.4) (4.7)
Foreign currency translation, ending
(9.5) 38.5
Interest rate swaps, beginning
Unrealized losses deferred during the period(2)
(35.5)
Interest rate swaps, ending
(35.5)
Pension, beginning
(14.8) (1.4)
Actuarial gains (losses) deferred during the period, net of income taxes
(0.2)
Pension, ending
(15.0) (1.4)
 
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Six months
ended
June 30, 2020
Six months
ended
June 30, 2019
Tax receivable agreement, beginning
Unrealized (loss) gain during the period(1)
16.2
Tax receivable agreement, ending
16.2
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
$ (43.8) $ 37.1
(1)   The fair value movement on the Tax Receivable Agreement attributable to our own credit risk spread is recorded in other comprehensive income.
(2)   During the six months ended June 30, 2020, $0.5 was reclassified into earnings.
(14)   SEGMENT INFORMATION
The primary income measure used for assessing segment performance and making operating decisions is earnings before interest and income taxes. This measure excludes corporate and other costs which consist of headquarters management costs, stock-based compensation, interest expense, other incentive compensation, global digital costs, and costs that support global product platform development and offering management. Intersegment selling prices approximate market prices.
Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, sales were moved within product and service offering categories to reflect a strategic realignment within the Company’s matrix organizational structure. Comparative results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 have been adjusted to reflect this modification. Additionally, product and service offering category names were revised as follows: Services & software solutions changed to Service & spares and I.T. edge & infrastructure changed to Integrated rack solutions. There was no change in the description of the Critical infrastructure & solutions offering.
Summarized information about the Company’s results of operations by business segment and product and service offering follows:
Americas includes products and services sold for applications within the data center, communication networks and commercial/industrial markets in North America and Latin America. This segment’s principal product and service offerings include:

Critical infrastructure & solutions includes AC and DC power management thermal management, and modular hyperscale type data center sites.

Integrated rack solutions includes racks, rack power, rack power distribution, rack thermal systems, and configurable integrated solutions; and hardware for managing I.T. equipment.

Services & spares includes preventative maintenance, acceptance testing, engineering and consulting, performance assessments, remote monitoring, training, spare parts, and digital critical infrastructure software.
Asia Pacific includes products and services sold for applications within the data center, communication networks and commercial/industrial markets throughout China, India and the rest of Asia. Products and services offered are similar to the Americas segment.
Europe, Middle East & Africa includes products and services sold for applications within the data center, communication networks and commercial/industrial markets in Europe, Middle East & Africa. Products and services offered are similar to the Americas segment.
 
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Business segments
Sales
Six months
ended
June 30, 2020
Six months
ended
June 30, 2019
Americas
$ 957.5 $ 1,143.9
Asia Pacific
579.6 633.4
Europe, Middle East & Africa
427.8 495.7
1,964.9 2,273.0
Eliminations
(61.9) (84.1)
Total
$ 1,903.0 $ 2,188.9
Intersegment sales
Six months
ended
June 30, 2020
Six months
ended
June 30, 2019
Americas
$ 6.1 $ 14.2
Asia Pacific
32.9 51.1
Europe, Middle East & Africa
22.9 18.8
Total
$ 61.9 $ 84.1
Earnings (loss) before income taxes
Six months
ended
June 30, 2020
Six months
ended
June 30, 2019
Americas
$ 157.0 $ 188.1
Asia Pacific
58.1 66.6
Europe, Middle East & Africa
35.7 37.3
250.8 292.0
Corporate and other
(366.4) (194.4)
Interest expense, net
(99.1) (156.4)
Income (loss) before income taxes
$ (214.7) $ (58.8)
Total Assets
June 30, 2020
December 31,
2019
Americas
$ 2,207.3 $ 2,296.4
Asia Pacific
1,149.6 1,152.2
Europe, Middle East & Africa
944.7 947.5
4,301.6 4,396.1
Corporate and other
428.3 261.3
Total
$ 4,729.9 $ 4,657.4
Sales by Products and Services Offering
Six months
ended
June 30, 2020
Six months
ended
June 30, 2019(1)
Critical infrastructure & solutions
$ 1,013.7 $ 1,245.4
Services & spares
621.9 642.9
Integrated rack solutions
267.4 300.6
Total
$ 1,903.0 $ 2,188.9
(1)   Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, sales were moved within product and service offering categories to reflect a strategic realignment within the Company’s matrix organizational structure. Comparative results for Critical infrastructure & solutions, Services & spares and Integrated rack solutions for the six months ended June 30, 2019 have been adjusted by $(65.8), $10.7, and $55.1, respectively, to reflect this modification.
 
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(15)   STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS
Our stock incentive plan permits the granting of incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options; stock appreciation rights; performance awards, which may be cash-or share-based; restricted stock units; restricted stock; and other stock-based awards. We measure and record compensation expense based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant for restricted stock and restricted stock units (RSUs) and the grant date fair value, determined utilizing the Black-Scholes formula, for stock options. We record compensation cost for service-based awards, including graded-vesting awards, on a straight-line basis over the entire vesting period, or for retirement eligible employees over the requisite service period. We account for the forfeiture of awards as they occur.
There were no equity compensation plans authorized by GSAH as of December 31, 2019. In connection with the Business Combination, GSAH’s Board adopted the Vertiv Holdings Co 2020 Stock Incentive Plan, the “2020 Plan”, on December 9, 2019 which was approved by GSAH’s stockholders on February 6, 2020, immediately preceding the Business Combination. Under the 2020 Plan, a total aggregate of 33.5 million share awards issuable were authorized and reserved for issuance for the purpose of better motivating our employees, consultants and directors to achieve superior performance measured by both our key financial and operating metrics as well as relative stock price appreciation. The 2020 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of our Board and permits the granting of incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options; stock appreciation rights; performance awards, which may be cash-or share-based; restricted stock units; restricted stock; and other stock-based awards. Beginning with the first business day of each calendar year beginning in 2021, the number of shares will increase by the least of  (a) 10.5 million shares, (b) 3% of the number of shares outstanding as of the last day of the immediately preceding calendar year, or (c) a lesser number of shares determined by the Compensation Committee.
Stock options
Stock options are generally granted to certain employees and directors to purchase ordinary shares at an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of the grant. Option awards generally vest 25% per year over four years of continuous service and have 10-year contractual terms.
The Company uses a Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options. The principal significant assumptions utilized in valuing stock options include the expected stock price volatility (based on the most recent historical period equal to the expected life of the option); the expected option life (an estimate based on historical experience); the expected dividend yield; and the risk-free interest rate (an estimate based on the yield of United States Treasury zero coupon with a maturity equal to the expected life of the option). Because the Company only recently became publicly traded, we do not have sufficient historical information on which to base expected volatility. As such, our volatility assumption is based on the historical and implied volatility of similar public companies, which were identified considering factors such as industry, stage of life cycle, size, and financial leverage. Because the Company does not have a history of granting stock options, we do not have historical option exercise experience upon which we can estimate the expected term. As such, we estimate the expected term using the average of the vesting period and the contractual period of the award. A summary of the assumptions used in determining the fair value of stock options follows:
 
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Six months ended
June 30, 2020
Expected volatility
27%
Expected option life in years
6.25
Expected dividend yield
0.08%
Risk-free interest rate
1.25%
Weighted-average fair value of stock options
$ 3.81
A summary of stock option activity follows:
Options
Weighted-average
exercise
price per
option
Weighted-average
remaining
contractual
life in years
Aggregate
intrinsic
value(1)
Outstanding at January 1, 2020
$ $
Granted
6,754,305 11.64 9.65
Exercised
Forfeited and canceled
Outstanding at June 30, 2020
6,754,305 11.64 9.65 $ 13.0
(1)   The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the difference between the Company’s most recent valuation and the exercise price of each in-the-money option on the last day of the period presented.
For the six months ended June 30, 2020, total compensation expense relating to stock options was $2.3. At June 30, 2020, all options remain unvested. As of June 30, 2020, there was $23.5 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.66 years.
Restricted stock units
RSUs have been issued to certain employees and directors as of June 30, 2020 and entitle the holder to receive one ordinary share for each RSU upon vesting. RSU shares are accounted for at fair value based upon the closing stock price on the date of grant. The corresponding expense is amortized over the vesting period, generally over four years. A summary of the RSU activity through June 30, 2020 follows:
Restricted
stock units
Weighted-average
fair value
per unit
Outstanding at January 1, 2020
$
Granted
2,102,604 8.51
Exercised
Forfeited and canceled
(8,823) 8.50
Outstanding at June 30, 2020
2,093,781 8.51
For both the six months ended June 30, 2020, total compensation expense relating to RSUs was $0.9. At June 30, 2020, all RSUs remain unvested. As of June 30, 2020, there was $16.9 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.82 years.
(16)   EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
Basic earnings per ordinary share is computed by dividing net earnings attributable to holders of the Company’s Class A common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted
 
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earnings per ordinary share is computed by dividing net earnings attributable to holders of the Company’s Class A common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period increased by the number of additional shares that would have been outstanding related to potentially dilutive securities or instruments, if the impact is dilutive.
The details of the earnings per share calculations for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in millions, except per share and per share amounts:
Six months
ended
June 30, 2020
Six months
ended
June 30, 2019(1)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
$ (242.7) $ (93.3)
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding – basic
284,534,285 118,261,955
Dilutive effect of equity-based compensation and warrants
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding – diluted
284,534,285 118,261,955
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders
Basic
$ (0.85) $ (0.79)
Diluted
(0.85) (0.79)
(1)   The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse capitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See Note 1 “Description of the Business”. Accordingly, weighted-average shares outstanding for purposes of the earnings per share calculation have been retroactively restated as shares reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Business Combination (1.0 Vertiv Holdings share to 118.261955 Vertiv Holdings Co shares).
The dilutive effect of stock awards and warrants was 2.7 million shares during the three months ended June 30, 2020. Additional stock awards and warrants were also outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2020, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the effect would be anti-dilutive. Such anti-dilutive awards and warrants represented 33.5 million shares for the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Each warrant is exercisable for one share of Class A common stock at a price of  $11.50 per share. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the warrants and only whole warrants will trade. Warrants became exercisable 30 days after the Business Combination and will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, five years after the completion of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. Once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding warrants in whole and not in part at a price of  $0.01 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, if and only if the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the Company sent the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.
(17)   COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company is a party to a number of pending legal proceedings and claims, including those involving general and product liability and other matters. The Company accrues for such liabilities when it is probable that future costs will be incurred and such costs can be reasonably estimated. Accruals are based on developments to date; management’s estimates of the outcomes of these matters; the Company’s experience in contesting, litigating and settling similar matters; and any related insurance coverage. While the Company believes that a material adverse impact is unlikely, given the inherent uncertainty of litigation, a future development in these matters could have a material adverse impact on the Company. The Company is unable to estimate any additional loss or range of loss that may result from the ultimate resolution of these matters, other than those described below.
On May 10, 2018, the jury in the case of Bladeroom Group Limited, et al. v. Facebook, Inc., Emerson Electric Co., Emerson Network Power Solutions, Inc. (now known as Vertiv Solutions, Inc.) and Liebert Corporation returned a verdict in favor of the plaintiff in the amount of  $30.0. The jury found the defendants breached a confidentiality agreement with Bladeroom, were unjustly enriched by such breach, improperly disclosed or used certain of the
 
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plaintiff’s trade secrets and the misappropriation of such trade secrets was willful and malicious. On March 11, 2019, the court entered orders in the case affirming the original award of  $30.0 and imposing an additional award for punitive damages of  $30.0 as well as attorney fees and interest. Under the terms of the purchase agreement with Emerson, the Company is indemnified for damages arising out of or relating to this case, including the above amounts. On August 12, 2019, judgment was entered, confirming the award entered on March 11, 2019. Emerson has submitted an appeal, and in connection with the appeal has submitted a surety bond underwritten by a third-party insurance company in the amount of  $116.1. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had accrued $96.5 in accrued expenses, the full amount of the judgment, and recorded an offsetting indemnification receivable of  $96.5 in other current assets related to this matter.
On December 28, 2017, Vertiv acquired Energy Labs, Inc. (“Energy Labs”). The purchase agreement contained a provision for contingent consideration in the form of an earn-out payment based on the achievement of 2018 operating results. The range of outcomes was zero to $34.5. On June 4, 2019, Vertiv notified the selling shareholders of Energy Labs of Vertiv’s determination that the applicable 2018 operating results had not been achieved and that no contingent consideration was due to the selling shareholders. On September 6, 2019, the selling shareholders of Energy Labs notified Vertiv of their dispute regarding the contingent consideration due to them. The selling shareholders assert that the applicable 2018 operating results were exceeded and that Vertiv owes $34.5 in earn-out, the highest amount of earn-out possible under the agreement. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had accrued $2.8 in accrued expenses. Discovery is underway and a trial has been scheduled for September 2021. While Vertiv believes it has meritorious defenses against the assertions of the selling shareholders of Energy Labs, Vertiv is unable at this time to predict the outcome of this dispute. If Vertiv is unsuccessful, the ultimate resolution of this dispute could result in a loss of up to $31.7 in excess of the $2.8 accrued as well as costs and legal fees.
At June 30, 2020, there were no known contingent liabilities (including guarantees, taxes and other claims) that management believes will be material in relation to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, nor were there any material commitments outside the normal course of business other than those described above.
 
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors Vertiv Holdings, LLC
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Vertiv Holdings, LLC (the Company) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of earnings (loss), comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material aspects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatements of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Grandview Heights, Ohio
March 11, 2020
 
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS (LOSS)
VERTIV HOLDINGS, LLC
(Dollars in millions)
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Net sales
Net sales—products
$ 3,356.1 $ 3,230.3 $ 2,913.3
Net sales—services
1,075.1 1,055.3 966.1
Net sales
4,431.2 4,285.6 3,879.4
Costs and expenses
Cost of sales—products
2,349.2 2,274.5 2,028.4
Cost of sales—services
629.0 590.7 538.4
Cost of sales
2,978.2 2,865.2 2,566.8
Selling, general and administrative expenses
1,100.8 1,223.8 1,086.0
Other deductions, net
146.1 178.8 254.4
Interest expense, net
310.4 288.8 379.3
Loss from Continuing Operations before income taxes
(104.3) (271.0) (407.1)
Income tax expense (benefit)
36.5 49.9 (19.7)
Loss from Continuing Operations
(140.8) (320.9) (387.4)
Earnings from Discontinued Operations—net of income taxes
6.9 17.8
Net loss
$ (140.8) $ (314.0) $ (369.6)
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
 
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
VERTIV HOLDINGS, LLC
(Dollars in millions)
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Net loss
$ (140.8) $ (314.0) $ (369.6)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation
(10.3) (90.6) 142.1
Pension(1)
(13.4) (1.1) 1.9
Comprehensive loss
$ (164.5) $ (405.7) $ (225.6)
(1)   Net of income taxes of  $0.1, $0.0, and $0.0 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
 
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
VERTIV HOLDINGS, LLC
(Dollars in millions, except shares outstanding)
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 223.5 $ 215.1
Accounts receivable, less allowances of  $19.9 and $17.6 at 2019 and 2018, respectively
1,212.2 1,251.8
Inventories
401.0 486.5
Other current assets
180.7 141.9
Total current assets
2,017.4 2,095.3
Property, plant and equipment, net
428.2 441.7
Other assets
Goodwill
605.8 634.0
Other intangible assets, net
1,441.6 1,564.2
Deferred income taxes
9.0 10.4
Other
155.4 48.8
Total other assets
2,211.8 2,257.4
Total assets
$ 4,657.4 $ 4,794.4
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable
$ 636.8 $ 778.2
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
867.7 804.3
Income taxes
15.2 23.9
Total current liabilities
1,519.7 1,606.4
Long-term debt, net
3,467.3 3,427.8
Deferred income taxes
124.7 160.0
Other long-term liabilities
250.5 140.5
Total liabilities
5,362.2 5,334.7
Equity
Class A Units, 850,000 issued and outstanding
Class B Units, 150,000 issued and outstanding
Additional paid-in capital
277.7 277.7
Accumulated deficit
(1,000.6) (859.8)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
18.1 41.8
Total equity
(704.8) (540.3)
Total liabilities and equity
$ 4,657.4 $ 4,794.4
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
 
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW
VERTIV HOLDINGS, LLC
(Dollars in millions)
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss
$ (140.8) $ (314.0) $ (369.6)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
Depreciation
57.1 60.4 64.5
Amortization
145.8 156.6 279.8
Deferred income taxes
(13.8) (40.3) (85.9)
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs
27.9 25.5 52.0
Gain on sale of business
(6.9) (33.2)
Changes in operating working capital
(36.4) (110.0) 46.8
Other
17.7 6.8 (4.0)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities
57.5 (221.9) (49.6)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures
(47.6) (64.6) (36.7)
Investments in capitalized software
(22.7) (41.2) (7.7)
Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment
5.0 18.0
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired
(124.3) (211.4)
Proceeds from sale of business
4.4 1,244.0
Collection of note receivable
59.7
Other
10.2
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities
(65.3) (207.7) 1,058.1
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings from ABL revolving credit facility
491.8 565.1 500.0
Repayments of ABL revolving credit facility
(591.2) (320.0) (500.0)
Proceeds from the issuance of PIK notes
482.5
Proceeds from term loan, net of discount
325.0
Proceeds from issuance of 10.00% Notes, net of discount
114.2
Repayments of term loan
(575.0)
Debt issuance and related costs
(39.6)
Dividends to JV Holdings
(1,024.0)
Settlement of contingent consideration
(43.0)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities
14.8 245.1 (874.1)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
1.4 11.6 14.2
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
8.4 (172.9) 148.6
Beginning cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
225.3 398.2 249.6
Ending cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$ 233.7 $ 225.3 $ 398.2
Changes in operating working capital
Accounts Receivable
$ 39.8 $ (139.6) $ (106.8)
Inventories
85.5 (73.7) 1.2
Other current assets
(41.6) (66.5) 5.0
Accounts payable
(140.8) 101.9 57.3
Accrued expenses
34.8 50.2 47.5
Income taxes
(14.1) 17.7 42.6
Total changes in operating working capital
$ (36.4) $ (110.0) $ 46.8
Supplemental Disclosures
Cash paid during the year for interest
$ 271.5 $ 259.6 $ 213.1
Cash paid during the year for income tax, net
48.7 58.0 72.6
Property and equipment acquired through capital lease obligations
1.8 4.2
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
 
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
VERTIV HOLDINGS, LLC
(Dollars in millions)
Common
stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Accumulated
deficit
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
(loss)
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2016
$ $ 1,301.7 $ (171.2) $ (10.5) $ 1,120.0
Net Loss
(369.6) (369.6)
Dividends to JV Holdings
(1,024.0) (1,024.0)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
144.0 144.0
Balance as of December 31, 2017
277.7 (540.8) 133.5 (129.6)
Net Loss
(314.0) (314.0)
ASC 606 cumulative adjustment
(5.0) (5.0)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
(91.7) (91.7)
Balance as of December 31, 2018
$ $ 277.7 $ (859.8) $ 41.8 $ (540.3)
Net Loss
(140.8) (140.8)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
(23.7) (23.7)
Balance as of December 31, 2019
$ $ 277.7 $ (1,000.6) $ 18.1 $ (704.8)
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
 
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(1)   Summary of significant accounting policies
Vertiv Holdings, LLC (“Holdings LLC”, and together with its majority-owned subsidiaries, “Vertiv”, “we”, “our”, or “the Company”) provide mission-critical infrastructure technologies and life cycle services for data centers, communication networks, and commercial and industrial environments. Vertiv’s offerings include power conditioning and uninterruptible power systems, thermal management, integrated data center control devices, software, monitoring, and service. Vertiv manages and reports results of operations for three business segments: Americas; Asia Pacific; and Europe, Middle East & Africa.
A majority of the issued and outstanding equity interests in Holdings, LLC are held directly by Vertiv JV Holdings, LLC (“JV Holdings”).
The controlling interests of Holdings LLC are ultimately held by certain private equity investment funds sponsored by Platinum Equity, LLC (such funds, collectively, “Platinum”) in the form of Class A Units in Holdings LLC, and a subordinated interest in distributions is indirectly held by Emerson Electric Co. (“Emerson”) in the form of Class B Units in Holdings LLC. Distributions to Emerson are contingent upon JV Holdings first receiving a threshold return on their initial investment.
On December 10, 2019, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Vertiv Holdings Co (formerly known as GS Acquisition Holdings Corp), a special purpose acquisition company. As contemplated in the Merger Agreement, the resulting business combination was accounted for as a reverse capitalization, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The business combination was completed on February 7, 2020 (the “Closing Date”). See Note 20 for additional information.
Basis of presentation
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Management has evaluated subsequent events through the date the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to footnote presentation for the current year.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Vertiv Holdings, LLC and its majority owned subsidiaries and, when applicable, entities for which Holdings, LLC has a controlling financial interest or is the primary beneficiary. The results of businesses acquired or disposed of are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of the acquisition or up to the date of disposal, respectively.
All intercompany transactions among Company entities have been eliminated. Sale and purchase transactions between the Company and other Emerson affiliates are included in the consolidated financial statements. See Note 13 for additional information regarding related party transactions.
Revenue recognition
The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of manufactured products and services when control of promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Control is transferred when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain benefits from the goods or services. The majority of the Company’s sales agreements contain performance obligations satisfied at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer. Sales for service contracts, including installation, inventory with no alternative use and an enforceable right of payment upon customer termination and other discrete services, generally are recognized over time as the services are provided. Payments received in advance for service arrangements are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized in net sales when the revenue recognition criteria are met. Unbilled revenue is recorded when performance obligations have been satisfied, but the Company does not have present right to payment.
 
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For agreements with multiple performance obligations, judgment is required to determine whether performance obligations specified in these agreements are distinct and should be accounted for as separate revenue transactions for recognition purposes. In these types of agreements we allocate sales price to each distinct obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The majority of revenue from arrangements with multiple performance obligations is recognized when tangible products are delivered, with smaller portions for associated installation and commissioning recognized shortly thereafter. Generally, contract duration is short term, and cancellation, termination or refund provisions apply only in the event of contract breach. These provisions have historically not been invoked.
Payment terms vary by the type and location of the customer and the products or services offered. Revenue from our sales have not been adjusted for the effects of a financing component as we expect that the period between when we transfer control of the product and when we receive payment to be one year or less. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected concurrent with revenue are excluded from sales. The Company records amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling in a sales transaction as revenue. Shipping and handling costs are treated as fulfillment costs and are included in costs of sales.
The Company records reductions to sales for prompt payment discounts, customer and distributor incentives including rebates, and returns at the time of the initial sale. Rebates are estimated based on sales terms, historical experience, trend analysis, and projected market conditions in the various markets served. Returns are estimated at the time of the sale primarily based on historical experience and recorded gross on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Sales commissions are expensed when the amortization period is less than a year and are generally not capitalized as they are typically earned at the completion of the contract when the customer is invoiced or when the customer pays Vertiv. We typically offer warranties that are consistent with standard warranties in the jurisdictions where we sell our goods and services. Our warranties are generally assurance type warranties for which we promise that our goods and services meet contract specifications. In limited circumstances, we sell warranties that extend the warranty coverage beyond the standard coverage offered on specific products. Sales for these separately-priced warranties are recorded based on their stand-alone selling price and are recognized as revenue over the length of the warranty period.
Foreign currency translation
The functional currency for substantially all of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries is the local currency. Adjustments resulting from translating local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Transactions denominated in currencies other than the subsidiaries’ functional currencies are subject to changes in exchange rates with resulting gains/losses recorded in net earnings (loss).
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets and consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the amount of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets. Restricted cash represents amounts held in an escrow account related to payment of specific tax indemnities related to the acquisition of Vertiv.
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 223.5 $ 215.1 $ 388.0
Restricted cash included in other current assets
10.2 10.2 10.2
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$ 233.7 $ 225.3 $ 398.2
 
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Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts
The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from customers located in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally requires no collateral from its customers. The Company establishes an allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable based on historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that the Company has identified. Write-offs are recorded against the allowance for doubtful accounts when all reasonable efforts for collection have been exhausted.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, using the first-in, first-out method, or net realizable value and the majority is valued based on standard costs. The remainder is valued based on average actual costs. Standard costs are revised at the beginning of each fiscal year. The impact from annually resetting standards, as well as operating variances incurred throughout the year, are allocated to inventories and recognized in cost of sales as product is sold.
The following are the components of inventory:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Inventories
Raw materials
$ 180.2 $ 201.0
Finished Products
162.6 201.4
Work in process
58.2 84.1
Total inventories
$ 401.0 $ 486.5
Fair value measurement
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a formal hierarchy and framework for measuring certain financial statement items at fair value, and requires disclosures about fair value measurements and the reliability of valuation inputs. Under ASC 820, measurement assumes the transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal or at least the most advantageous market for that asset or liability. Within the hierarchy, Level 1 instruments use observable market prices for the identical item in active markets and have the most reliable valuations. Level 2 instruments are valued through broker/dealer quotation or through market-observable inputs for similar items in active markets, including forward and spot prices, interest rates and volatilities. Level 3 instruments are valued using inputs not observable in an active market, such as company-developed future cash flow estimates, and are considered the least reliable. The carrying value approximates fair value for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable because of the relatively short-term maturity of these instruments.
Debt issuance costs, premiums and discounts
Debt issuance costs, premiums and discounts are amortized into interest expense over the terms of the related loan agreements using the effective interest method or other methods which approximate the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability are presented on the balance sheets as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with discounts.
Property, plant and equipment and definite lived intangible assets
The Company records investments in land, buildings, and machinery and equipment at cost, which includes the then fair values of assets acquired in business combinations. Depreciation is computed principally using the straight-line method over estimated service lives, which are 30 to 40 years for buildings and 10 to 12 years for machinery and equipment. The Company’s definite lived identifiable intangible assets that are subject to amortization are
 
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amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Definite lived identifiable intangibles consist of intellectual property such as patented and unpatented technology and trademarks, customer relationships and capitalized software. Definite lived identifiable intangible assets are also subject to evaluation for potential impairment if events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Long-lived tangible and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Impairment losses are recognized based on estimated fair values if the sum of expected future undiscounted cash flows of the related assets is less than the carrying values.
Following are the components of property, plant and equipment:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Property, plant and equipment, net
Machinery and equipment
$ 280.7 $ 254.8
Buildings
243.2 234.0
Land
46.7 51.7
Construction in progress
21.9 15.9
Property, plant and equipment, at cost
592.5 556.4
Less: Accumulated depreciation
(164.3) (114.7)
Property, plant and equipment, net
$ 428.2 $ 441.7
Goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets
Assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method and recorded at their respective fair values. Goodwill represents the excess of consideration paid over the net assets acquired and is assigned to the reporting unit that acquires the business. A reporting unit is an operating segment as defined in ASC 280, Segment Reporting, or a business one level below an operating segment if discrete financial information for that business is prepared and regularly reviewed by segment management. The Company conducts annual impairment tests of goodwill in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate a reporting unit’s fair value may be less than its carrying value. If an initial assessment indicates it is more likely than not goodwill may be impaired, it is evaluated by comparing the reporting unit’s estimated fair value to its carrying value. If its carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value, goodwill impairment is recognized to the extent that recorded goodwill exceeds the fair value of goodwill. Estimated fair values of the reporting unit are Level 3 measures and are developed under an income approach that discounts estimated future cash flows using risk-adjusted interest rates and also the market approach.
Indefinite lived intangible assets consist of certain trademarks which are also evaluated annually for impairment or upon the occurrence of a triggering event. Impairment is determined to exist when the fair value is less than the carrying value of the assets being tested.
Product warranties
Warranties generally extend for one to two years from the date of sale. Provisions for warranty are determined primarily based on historical warranty cost as a percentage of sales, adjusted for specific issues that may arise.
Product warranty expense is approximately one percent of sales and the product warranty accrual is reflected in accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheets.
 
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The change in product warranty accrual is as follows:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Beginning balance
$ 44.9 $ 40.0 $ 37.4
Provision charge to expense
48.7 41.0 32.4
Paid/utilized
(50.3) (36.1) (29.8)
Ending balance
$ 43.3 $ 44.9 $ 40.0
Derivative instruments and hedging activities
In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices due to its worldwide presence and business profile. The Company’s foreign currency exposures relate to transactions denominated in currencies that differ from the functional currencies of its subsidiaries. Primary commodity exposures are price fluctuations on forecasted purchases of copper and aluminum and related products. As part of the Company’s risk management strategy, derivative instruments are selectively used in an effort to minimize the impact of these exposures. All derivatives are associated with specific underlying exposures and the Company does not hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. The duration of hedge positions is less than one year.
All derivatives are accounted for under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and recognized at fair value. For derivatives hedging variability in future cash flows, the effective portion of any gain or loss is deferred in equity and recognized when the underlying transaction impacts earnings. For derivatives hedging the fair value of existing assets or liabilities, both the gain or loss on the derivative and the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item are recognized in earnings each period. To the extent that any hedge is not fully effective at offsetting changes in the underlying hedged item, there could be a net earnings impact. The Company also uses derivatives to hedge economic exposures that do not receive deferral accounting under ASC 815. The underlying exposures for these hedges relate primarily to the revaluation of certain foreign-currency denominated assets and liabilities. Gains or losses from the ineffective portion of any hedge, as well as any gains or losses on derivative instruments not designated as hedges, are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) immediately.
As of December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 no outstanding currency and commodity hedges received deferral accounting treatment. Accordingly, the Company recognized mark-to-market gains/(losses) of  $(0.4), $1.2, and $(1.3) during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 respectively. The fair values of the outstanding hedge instruments were measured using valuations based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets (Level 2) and are valued by reference to similar financial instruments, adjusted for terms specific to the contracts.
Income taxes
The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach of ASC 740 by jurisdiction on a legal entity by legal entity basis. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted rates in effect for the year in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The impact of a change in income tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. The tax carryforwards reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements have been determined using the separate return method. The tax carryforwards include net operating losses and tax credits.
The Company’s extensive operations and the complexity of global tax regulations require assessments of uncertainties in estimating the taxes the Company will ultimately pay. The Company recognizes liabilities for
 
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anticipated tax audit uncertainties in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on its estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due.
APB 23 of ASC 740-30 provides guidance that U.S. companies do not need to recognize tax effects on outside basis differences that are indefinitely reinvested. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company has provided for U.S. federal income taxes, foreign withholding and other taxes on outside basis differences in certain foreign subsidiaries that are not indefinitely reinvested. Certain earnings in certain foreign affiliates are indefinitely reinvested, but determining the impact of such amounts was not practicable.
Commitments and contingencies
Certain conditions may exist as of the date of the financial statements which may result in a loss to the Company, but will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. Such liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties, and other sources are recorded when the Company assesses that it is probable that a future liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Recoveries of costs from third parties, which the Company assesses as being probable of realization, are recorded to the extent of related contingent liabilities accrued. Legal costs incurred in connection with matters relating to contingencies are expensed in the period incurred. The Company records gain contingencies when realized.
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases, which requires the recognition of lease assets and liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous guidance. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition option of applying the standard at the adoption date. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. As a result of the adoption, the Company recorded both operating lease right-of-use assets of  $110.4 and operating lease liabilities of  $113.2 as of December 31, 2019. The adoption had no impact on the consolidated statements of earnings (loss), comprehensive income (loss) and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019. Refer to Note 8 — Leases for additional information pertaining to the adoption of the new standard.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12: Income Taxes to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The new guidance removes certain exceptions to the general principles of ASC 740 related to intraperiod tax allocation exceptions, deferred tax liabilities related to outside basis differences, and year-to-date losses in interim periods. The Company adopted the amendments as of January 1, 2019 and has determined that the impact on the consolidated financial statements is not material and no adjustment to retained earnings is necessary.
Accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a service contract hosting arrangement with those of developing or obtaining internal-use software. This standard is effective for the Company January 1, 2020. The Company will adopt the guidance prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13—Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), a new standard to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology under current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The standard is effective for the Company January 1, 2020, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
 
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(2)   Acquisitions
Acquisition of geist
On February 1, 2018, certain of our subsidiaries acquired assets and assumed liabilities related to the business of Geist, as well as outstanding ownership interests of each of Geist Shenzen Trading Limited Company and Geist Europe Ltd. (together, “Geist”), for $123.6 of cash. Geist is a leading manufacturer of rack power distribution units, intelligent power, airflow management, environmental monitoring and infrastructure management solutions for data centers. During the second quarter of 2018, we completed the acquisition for an additional $2.5 of cash related to the purchase of additional assets. The Company used the acquisition method of accounting to account for these transactions. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transactions were recorded at their respective estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The fair value measurements represent Level 3 measurements as they are based on significant inputs not observable in the market.
The total aggregate purchase consideration, net of cash acquired, was as follows:
Purchase
consideration
Cash
$ 126.1
Purchase consideration
126.1
Less: Cash acquired
(1.8)
Purchase consideration, net of cash acquired
$ 124.3
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition have been recorded at their respective estimated fair values as of the closing date. The purchase price was finalized during the fourth quarter of 2018.
The following table summarizes the values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the closing date:
Purchase price
allocation
Current assets
$ 18.1
Property, plant and equipment, net
28.5
Intangible assets
40.4
Total identifiable assets
87.0
Current liabilities
5.3
Total identifiable liabilities assumed
5.3
Goodwill
42.6
Purchase consideration, net of cash acquired
$ 124.3
Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The factors contributing to the recognition of goodwill include the future growth potential of Geist and its assembled workforce. Goodwill was assigned to the Americas and EMEA segments and is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes in the U.S.
 
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The following table details the total identifiable intangible assets acquired, their useful lives and fair values:
Useful life
(years)
Fair value
Customer relationships
15 $ 21.9
Developed technology
15 12.4
Trademarks
5 6.1
Total finite-lived identifiable intangible assets
$ 40.4
Weighted average useful life of finite-lived intangibles (years)
13.5
Acquisition of Energy Labs, Inc.
On December 28, 2017, Vertiv acquired Energy Labs, Inc. (“Energy Labs”), a leading provider of direct and indirect air handling systems and modular data center solutions for $149.5. The Company used the acquisition method of accounting to account for this transaction. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction were recorded at their respective estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The U.S. GAAP purchase price includes estimated contingent consideration of  $12.8 at the date of acquisition related to the potential maximum $34.5 payment contingent on the achievement of 2018 adjusted income measures. The Company determined the fair value of the contingent consideration based on an income approach using a risk-neutral simulation model. Inputs include the financial forecasts of the future operating results of Energy Labs, the probability of reaching the forecast, and the associated discount rate. At December 31, 2017, a discount rate of 14.8% was utilized in the valuation. On an undiscounted basis, the range of outcomes was zero to $34.5. The fair value measurements represent Level 3 measurements as they are based on significant inputs not observable in the market. The contingent consideration was revalued each quarter under the same valuation technique applied during purchase accounting. The fair value of contingent consideration decreased during the year ended December 31, 2018 by $10.0 to $2.8 due to remeasurement which was recognized in other deductions, net, in the consolidated statement of earnings (loss) and represents our best estimate of the final amount due under this arrangement.
The total aggregate purchase consideration, net of cash acquired, was as follows:
Purchase
consideration
Cash
$ 144.2
Contingent consideration
12.8
Purchase consideration
157.0
Less: Cash acquired
(7.5)
Purchase consideration, net of cash acquired
$ 149.5
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition have been recorded at their respective estimated fair values as of the closing date. The purchase price was finalized during the fourth quarter of 2018.
 
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The following table summarizes the values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the closing date:
Purchase price
allocation
Current assets
$ 26.4
Property, plant and equipment, net
23.6
Intangible assets
73.7
Total identifiable assets
123.7
Current liabilities
13.3
Deferred income taxes
23.1
Total identifiable liabilities assumed
36.4
Goodwill
62.2
Purchase consideration, net of cash acquired
$ 149.5
Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The factors contributing to the recognition of goodwill include the future growth potential of Energy Labs and its assembled workforce. All of the goodwill was assigned to the Americas segment and none of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
The following table details the total identifiable intangible assets acquired, their useful lives and fair values:
Useful life
(years)
Fair value
Customer relationships
10 $ 59.7
Trademarks
5 3.3
Capitalized software
5 7.5
Other Intangibles
1 3.2
Total finite-lived identifiable intangible assets
$ 73.7
Weighted average useful life of finite-lived intangibles (years)
8.9
For financial accounting purposes, there were certain items including amortizable intangible assets and the excess of fair value of assets over tax basis that were treated as temporary differences.
During 2017 Vertiv made net payments of  $75.0 to finalize the acquisition accounting with Emerson Network Power related to the 2016 acquisition.
(3)   Revenue
Beginning with the first quarter of 2019, we revised our sales by product and service. Accordingly, we have restated our disaggregated revenue table by product and service offering below to conform with the 2019 presentation.
We have determined the following types of performance obligations exist within our contracts with customers:
Critical infrastructure & solutions
We identify delivery of products as performance obligations within the critical infrastructure & solutions offering. Such products include AC and DC power management, thermal management, modular hyperscale type data center sites, as well as hardware for managing IT equipment. We generally satisfy these performance obligations and recognize revenue for these products at a point in time when control has transferred to the customer. The transfer of control generally occurs when the product has been shipped or delivery has occurred, depending on shipping terms.
 
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For customized products that the customer controls at the customer’s site while we build and customize the product, we recognize revenue over time because the customer obtains control of the asset as it is built. For these products, we use an input method to recognize revenue based on costs incurred relative to total estimated project costs as this represents the most faithful measure of the goods transferred to the customer.
Services & software solutions
Services include preventative maintenance, acceptance testing, engineering and consulting, performance assessments, remote monitoring, training, spare parts, and digital critical infrastructure software. Services are generally recognized as the services are provided, or straight-line for stand-ready contracts, because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit as we perform the services. We recognize revenue for software applications at a point in time upon transfer of the software and monitoring services are recognized over time.
I.T. and edge infrastructure and solutions
Performance obligations within I.T. and edge infrastructure include the delivery of racks, rack power, rack power distribution, rack thermal systems, and configurable integrated solutions. For these performance obligations, we recognize revenue at a point in time based on when transfer of control occurs.
Disaggregation of revenues
The following table disaggregates our revenue by product and service offering and timing of transfer of control:
Year ended December 31, 2019
Americas
Asia Pacific
Europe,
Middle
East, &
Africa
Total
Sales by Product and Service Offering:
Critical infrastructure & solutions
$ 1,355.4 $ 763.2 $ 514.0 $ 2,632.6
Services & software solutions
679.4 336.0 283.5 1,298.9
I.T. & edge infrastructure and solutions
194.3 178.8 126.6 499.7
Total
$ 2,229.1 $ 1,278.0 $ 924.1 $ 4,431.2
Timing of revenue recognition:
Products and services transferred at a point in
time
$ 1,592.4 $ 1,007.1 $ 748.9 $ 3,348.4
Products and services transferred over time
636.7 270.9 175.2 1,082.8
Total
$ 2,229.1 $ 1,278.0 $ 924.1 $ 4,431.2
 
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Year ended December 31, 2018
Americas
Asia Pacific
Europe,
Middle
East, &
Africa
Total
Sales by Product and Service Offering:
Critical infrastructure & solutions
$ 1,246.4 $ 723.9 $ 481.5 $ 2,451.8
Services & software solutions
669.8 339.1 267.2 1,276.1
I.T. & edge infrastructure and solutions
229.5 181.2 147.0 557.7
Total
$ 2,145.7 $ 1,244.2 $ 895.7 $ 4,285.6
Timing of revenue recognition:
Products and services transferred at a point in
time
$ 1,530.6 $ 973.5 $ 701.8 $ 3,205.9
Products and services transferred over time
615.1 270.7 193.9 1,079.7
Total
$ 2,145.7 $ 1,244.2 $ 895.7 $ 4,285.6
The opening and closing balances of our current and long-term contract assets and current and long-term deferred revenue are as follows:
Balances at
December 31,
2019
Balances at
December 31,
2018
Deferred revenue—current(1)
$ 160.9 $ 170.5
Deferred revenue—noncurrent(2)
41.3 36.5
Other contract liabilities—current(1)
39.8 29.8
(1)   Current deferred revenue and contract liabilities are included within accrued expenses.
(2)   Noncurrent deferred revenue is recorded within other long-term liabilities.
Deferred revenue consists primarily of maintenance, extended warranty and other service contracts. We expect to recognize revenue of  $21.8, $12.8 and $6.7 in the years ending December 31, 2021, 2022, and thereafter, respectively.
(4)   Discontinued operations
On July 27, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement to sell its critical power business for approximately $1,250.0. The sale closed on October 31, 2017. The decision to divest this business was part of our strategy to focus on applying resources toward business and technological advancements in our core data center, telecommunications and commercial and industrial markets.
We determined the sale of the critical power business represents discontinued operations as it constitutes a disposal of an operating segment, meets held for sale criteria, and is a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations and financial results. As a result, we reclassified the related earnings (loss) from continuing operations to earnings (loss) from discontinued operations—net of income taxes on the consolidated statement of earnings (loss) for all the periods presented. No amounts for shared general and administrative operating support expense were allocated to the discontinued operation.
As a result of the transaction, Vertiv recorded an after-tax gain on the sale of the business of approximately $33.2 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During 2018, Vertiv recorded additional after-tax gain on the sale of the business of  $6.9, related to a $4.4 working capital settlement and $2.5 of other tax adjustments.
The following table provides the major classes of line items constituting the results of the discontinued operations during the year ended December 31, 2017. The year ended December 31, 2017, includes the results of
 
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operations as a discontinued operation for the Company’s critical power business through October 31, 2017, the date of its disposition, and the gain on the disposition of the discontinued operation.
December 31,
2017
Net sales
Net sales
$ 365.9
Costs and expenses
Cost of sales
204.3
Selling, general and administrative expenses
91.1
Other deductions (income), net
55.3
Interest expense, net
28.7
Earnings (loss) before income taxes
(13.5)
Income tax expense
1.9
Earnings (loss) from Discontinued Operations—before gain on sale of discontinued
operations
$ (15.4)
Gain on Disposition of Discontinued Operations—net of income taxes
33.2
Earnings (loss) from Discontinued Operations—net of income taxes
$ 17.8
There were no assets and liabilities of discontinued operations on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2019 or 2018.
The following table summarizes the depreciation, amortization, and capitalized expenditures for discontinued operations during the year ended December 31, 2017.
December 31,
2017
Depreciation
$ 2.5
Amortization
55.0
Capital expenditures
0.6
(5)   Restructuring costs
Restructuring expense reflects costs associated with the Company’s efforts to continually improve operational efficiency and deploy assets to remain competitive on a worldwide basis. Shutdown costs include severance, benefits, stay bonuses, lease and contract terminations and asset write-downs. Start-up and moving costs include costs of moving fixed assets, employee training and relocation. Vacant facility costs include security, maintenance, utilities and other costs.
Restructuring expenses were $20.7, $46.2, $41.6 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These expenses are recorded in other deductions, net in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss). The Company expects full year 2020 restructuring expense to be approximately $7.9. This expense primarily will relate to severance and benefits as part of the organizational re-alignment initiatives.
The change in the liability for restructuring costs for the year ended December 31, 2019 follows:
2018
Paid/ utilized
Expense
2019
Severance and benefits
$ 24.6 $ (21.6) $ 18.6 $ 21.6
Lease and contract terminations
Vacant facility and other shutdown costs
1.2 (1.3) 0.7 0.6
Start-up and moving costs
(1.4) 1.4
Total
$ 25.8 $ (24.3) $ 20.7 $ 22.2
 
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The change in the liability for restructuring costs for the year ended December 31, 2018 follows:
2017
Paid/ utilized
Expense
2018
Severance and benefits
$ 20.1 $ (28.7) $ 33.2 $ 24.6
Lease and contract terminations
2.2 (2.2)
Vacant facility and other shutdown costs
5.9 (15.2) 10.5 1.2
Start-up and moving costs
0.1 (2.6) 2.5
Total
$ 28.3 $ (48.7) $ 46.2 $ 25.8
The change in liability for the restructuring costs for the year ended December 31, 2017 follows:
2016
Paid/ utilized
Expense
2017
Severance and benefits
$ 14.8 $ (24.7) $ 30.0 $ 20.1
Lease and contract terminations
0.2 (0.3) 2.3 2.2
Vacant facility and other shutdown costs
0.2 (2.4) 8.1 5.9
Start-up and moving costs
0.4 (1.5) 1.2 0.1
Total
$ 15.6 $ (28.9) $ 41.6 $ 28.3
Restructuring expense by business segment follows:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Americas
$ 5.3 $ 13.7 $ 11.7
Asia Pacific
3.9 8.3 13.6
Europe, Middle East & Africa
11.1 19.0 15.5
Corporate
0.4 5.2 0.8
Total
$ 20.7 $ 46.2 $ 41.6
(6)   Goodwill and other intangibles
The change in the carrying value of goodwill by segment follows:
Americas
Asia Pacific
Europe,
Middle
East &
Africa
Total
Balance, December 31, 2017
$ 356.4 $ 53.1 $ 186.6 $ 596.1
Foreign currency translation
1.9 (2.5) (10.5) (11.1)
Measurement period adjustments(1)
9.0 0.3 3.0 12.3
Acquisitions(1)
29.2 7.5 36.7
Balance, December 31, 2018
$ 396.5 $ 50.9 $ 186.6 $ 634.0
Foreign currency translation and other
(25.0) (0.6) (2.6) (28.2)
Balance, December 31, 2019
$ 371.5 $ 50.3 $ 184.0 $ 605.8
(1)   Represents measurement period adjustments related to the Geist and Energy Labs acquisitions. See note 2 for additional information.
 
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The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of identifiable intangible assets by major class follow:
As of December 31, 2019
Gross
Accumulated
amortization
Net
Customer relationships
$ 1,099.2 $ (268.2) $ 831.0
Developed Technology
328.2 (105.4) 222.8
Capitalized software
103.3 (35.8) 67.5
Trademarks
38.6 (12.4) 26.2
Favorable operating leases
2.1 (2.1)
Total finite-lived identifiable intangible assets
$ 1,571.4 $ (423.9) $ 1,147.5
Indefinite-lived Trademarks
294.1 294.1
Total Intangible Assets
$ 1,865.5 $ (423.9) $ 1,441.6
As of December 31, 2018
Gross
Accumulated
amortization
Net
Customer relationships
$ 1,102.0 $ (180.4) $ 921.6
Developed Technology
326.2 (70.5) 255.7
Capitalized software
81.6 (17.9) 63.7
Trademarks
38.6 (7.7) 30.9
Favorable operating leases
2.1 (1.8) 0.3
Backlog
139.2 (139.2)
Total finite-lived identifiable intangible assets
$ 1,689.7 $ (417.5) $ 1,272.2
Indefinite-lived Trademarks
292.0 292.0
Total Intangible Assets
$ 1,981.7 $ (417.5) $ 1,564.2
Total intangible asset amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, was $145.8, $156.6, $224.8, respectively. Based on intangible asset balances as of December 31, 2019, expected amortization expense is $145.2 in 2020, $145.9 in 2021, $137.9 in 2022, $133.2 in 2023, $133.0 in 2024.
(7)   Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Term Loan due 2023
$ 2,070.0 $ 2,070.0
9.250% Senior notes due 2024
750.0 750.0
12.00%/13.00% PIK notes due 2022
500.0 500.0
ABL Revolving Credit Facility
145.2 245.1
10.00% notes due 2024
120.0
Unamortized discount and issuance costs
(117.9 (137.3)
Long-term debt, net
$ 3,467.3 $ 3,427.8
 
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Contractual maturities of the Company’s debt obligations as of December 31, 2019 are shown below:
Term
loan
9.250%
senior
notes
PIK notes
ABL
10.00%
notes
Total
2020
$ $ $ $ $ $
2021
145.2 145.2
2022
500.0 500.0
2023
2,070.0 2,070.0
2024
750.0 120.0 870.0
Total
$ 2,070.0 $ 750.0 $ 500.0 $ 145.2 $ 120.0 $ 3,585.2
Term loan
On November 30, 2016, Vertiv Group and Vertiv Intermediate II entered into a $2,320.0 senior term loan credit agreement that matures on November 30, 2023 with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and collateral agent (the “Term Loan Facility”, and the loan thereunder, the “Term Loan”). On February 9, 2017, Vertiv Group made a voluntary partial prepayment of  $75.0 on the Term Loan, reducing the outstanding principal amount to $2,245.0.
On March 17, 2017, Vertiv Group, Vertiv Intermediate II, certain of their subsidiaries, the relevant lenders under the Term Loan Facility and the administrative agent under the Term Loan Facility amended the Term Loan Facility (the “Amended Term Loan Facility”) to reduce the interest payable thereunder to the LIBO Rate (as defined in the documentation governing the Amended Term Loan Facility), plus the applicable margin of 4.00% per annum, or the Base Rate (as defined in the documentation governing the Amended Term Loan Facility) as in effect from time to time, plus the applicable margin of 3.00% per annum. The loans under the Amended Term Loan Facility amortize in quarterly installments in an amount equal to 1.00% per annum beginning in June 2020, and include other customary mandatory prepayments including: (a) commencing with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018 (as clarified in that certain Amendment No. 2 described below), 75% (subject to step-downs based on first lien net leverage ratios) of Excess Cash Flow (as defined in documentation governing the Amended Term Loan Facility) and (b) subject to certain exceptions and reinvestment rights, the Term Loan requires that 100% of the net cash proceeds from certain asset sales, insurance recovery and condemnation events and unpermitted debt issuances are applied to repay the loans thereunder.
Subject to customary conditions, the Amended Term Loan Facility allows for an increase in the commitments thereunder by an amount not to exceed the sum of  (i) $325.0, (ii) all previous voluntary prepayments of the loans thereunder as of the relevant date of determination (other than the prepayment described in the immediately subsequent paragraph), and (iii) an unlimited amount so long as the first lien net leverage ratio as of the relevant date of determination does not exceed 3.05 to 1.00 on a pro forma basis. The obligations of Vertiv Group under the Term Loan are guaranteed by Vertiv Intermediate II, and Vertiv Group’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries, with certain exceptions, and secured by (i) first priority liens and security interests on substantially all of the fixed assets of Vertiv Group and the guarantors and (ii) second priority liens and security interests on substantially all current assets of Vertiv Group and the guarantors.
On November 1, 2017, Amendment No. 2 to the Term Loan Facility was executed and a $500.0 partial prepayment of the loans under the Amended Term Facility was made as a condition to the effectiveness of such Amendment No. 2. Amendment No. 2 also permitted the payment of a one-time dividend in connection with the sale of our critical power business and eliminated the quarterly installments of 1.00% per annum beginning in June 2020. The terms of the loan under the Amended Term Facility were otherwise unchanged. Lender fees of  $8.7 were capitalized and are being amortized over the remaining life of the debt and $29.2 of original issuance costs were written off due to the prepayment. Additionally, $99.0 in consent fees and $6.2 of legal and administrative fees were expensed and are included in interest expense in the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
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In December 2017, Vertiv Group, the guarantors party to the Amended Term Loan Facility on such date and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and the incremental lender, further modified the Amended Term Loan Facility to provide for an incremental borrowing of  $325.0 on the Term Loan, resulting in a principal balance of  $2,070.0 and $4.2 of issuance costs capitalized.
9.250% senior notes
On October 17, 2016, Vertiv Group issued $750.0 aggregate principal amount of 9.250% senior notes maturing on October 15, 2024 (the “2024 Notes”). The proceeds of the 2024 Notes were used to finance the Transaction and related costs.
Each 2024 Note bears interest at a rate of 9.250% per annum payable semi-annually on April 15 and October 15 of each year, which commenced with April 15, 2017. Prior to the maturity date, the 2024 Notes are also subject to repurchase of up to 100% of the outstanding aggregate principal at a redemption price of 100% plus an applicable premium (as defined in the indenture to the 2024 Notes) and accrued and unpaid interest. The 2024 Notes rank contractually equal in right of payment to all of Vertiv Group’s other existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness. Each 2024 Note is guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by all of Vertiv Group’s domestic subsidiaries that are borrowers under or guarantee the Term Loan (as defined below) and the ABL Revolving Credit Facility. On October 27, 2017, Vertiv Group entered into a supplemental indenture to permit the payment of a one-time dividend in connection with the sale of our critical power business and to lower the cap on indebtedness permitted under the indenture.
12.00%/13.00% senior PIK toggle notes due 2022
On February 9, 2017, Vertiv Intermediate Holding Corporation (“Holdco”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Vertiv Holding, issued $500.0 of 12.00%/13.00% Senior PIK Toggle Notes due 2022 (the “2022 Notes”). Holdco used the proceeds from the offering to (a) pay a cash dividend to its sole stockholder and (b) repay $75.0 of outstanding loans under the Term Loan. Holdco’s only material asset is the capital stock of Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation (“Vertiv Intermediate II”), another holding corporation whose only material assets are its equity interest in Vertiv Group. Other than the 2022 Notes and its ownership of the capital stock of Vertiv Intermediate II, Holdco has no independent operations. Each note bears interest (a) at a cash interest rate of 12.00% per annum (b) at a “PIK” interest rate of 13.00% for interest paid through increases in the principal amount of notes outstanding or through issuances of new notes (upon satisfaction of certain conditions), either of which is payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing with August 15, 2017. The 2022 Notes rank contractually equal in right of payment to all of Holdco’s other existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness. On October 27, 2017, Holdco entered into a supplemental indenture to permit the payment of a one-time dividend in connection with the sale of the our critical power business and to lower the cap on indebtedness permitted under the indenture.
ABL revolving credit facility
On November 30, 2016, Vertiv Group, as lead borrower, certain of its subsidiaries, as borrowers, and Vertiv Intermediate II entered into an aggregate $400.0 asset-based revolving credit agreement (the “ABL Revolving Credit Agreement”) that matures on November 30, 2021 (such facility, the “ABL Revolving Credit Facility”) with the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent. Subject to certain terms and conditions, the ABL Revolving Credit Agreement allows Vertiv Group to increase the commitments under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility by an aggregate amount not to exceed $150.0, During the year ended December 31, 2019, Vertiv Group increased the limit on the ABL Revolving Credit Facility to $455.0. As of December 31, 2019, we have $95.0 of incremental capacity remaining. The commitments under the ABL Revolving Credit Agreement are bifurcated into (i) commitments in respect of a U.S. dollar-denominated sub-facility (the “U.S. Sub-facility”) and (ii) commitments with respect of one or more sub-facilities available in multiple currencies outside of the U.S. dollar (collectively, the “Foreign Sub-facilities”). The obligations under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility are guaranteed (or, in the case of certain subsidiaries, co-borrowed) by Vertiv Intermediate II and Vertiv Group’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries, with certain exceptions,
 
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and secured by (i) first priority liens and security interests on substantially all of the current assets of Vertiv Group and the guarantors, and (ii) second priority liens and security interests on substantially all of the fixed assets of Vertiv Group and the guarantors. In addition, the obligations in respect of the Foreign Sub-facilities are guaranteed (or in the case of certain subsidiaries, co-borrowed) by certain foreign subsidiaries of Vertiv Group, and secured by the assets of such foreign subsidiaries that are included in the asset base.
At the Vertiv Group’s option, U.S. Sub-facility loans under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at either (a) a LIBOR rate, plus an initial applicable margin of 1.75% (or 2.75% for borrowings within the FILO tranche), or (b) a base rate (not less than 2.00%) plus an initial applicable margin of 0.75% (or 1.75% for borrowings within the FILO tranche). Foreign Sub-facilities bear interest at the benchmark rate applicable to the elected currency each loan is carried in, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for all loans under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility following the Closing Date is the initial applicable margin. Following the Company’s first full fiscal quarter after the Closing Date and each quarter thereafter, the applicable margin is subject to an increase or decrease of 25 basis points from the initial applicable margin as determined by the average available borrowings for the preceding quarter. The ABL Revolving Credit Facility also requires a commitment fee be paid to the lenders on the average daily unused portion thereof at a rate of 0.25% per annum through maturity.
At December 31, 2019, the Company had $287.2 of availability under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility, net of letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate principal amount of  $22.6.
10.00% Notes
During May 2019, Vertiv Group issued $120.0 aggregate principal amount of 10.00% senior secured second lien notes maturing on May 15, 2024 (with a springing maturity to November 15, 2021 if the Holdco’s PIK Toggle Notes are not repaid, redeemed or discharged, or the maturity with respect thereto is not otherwise extended, on or prior to November 15, 2021). Each note bears interest at a rate of 10.00% per annum payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15 of each year. The obligations of Vertiv Group under the notes are guaranteed by Vertiv Group’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries, with certain exceptions, and secured by liens junior in priority to the first priority liens securing each of Vertiv Group’s existing revolving credit agreement and existing term loan credit agreement.
(8)   LEASES
The Company leases office space, warehouses, vehicles, and equipment. Leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 20 years, some of which have renewal and termination options. Termination options are exercisable at the Company’s option. Terms and conditions to extend or terminate are recognized as part of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities where prescribed by the guidance. The majority of our leases are operating leases. Finance leases are immaterial to our consolidated financial statements.
The Company determines if an arrangement is an operating lease at inception. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. All other operating leases are recorded on the balance sheet with a corresponding operating lease asset, net, representing the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and the operating lease liabilities representing the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.
Operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term and include options to extend or terminate the lease when they are reasonably certain to be exercised. The present value of lease payments is determined primarily using the incremental borrowing rate, adjusted for lease term and foreign currency, based on the information available at lease commencement date. Lease agreements with lease and non-lease components are generally accounted for as a single lease component. The Company’s operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
 
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Operating lease expense is as follows:
Year ended
December 31,
2019
Operating lease cost
$ 49.7
Short-term and variable lease cost
31.6
Total lease cost
$ 81.3
Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows:
Year ended
December 31,
2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows—payments on operating leases
$ 51.7
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations:
Operating leases
$ 157.0
Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases is as follows:
December 31,
2019
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Financial statement line item Other assets
$ 110.4
Operating lease liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 35.0
Operating lease liabilities
Other long-term liabilities 78.2
Total lease liabilities
$ 113.2
Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for operating leases are as follows:
December 31,
2019
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
4.5 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate
7.3%
Maturities of lease liabilities at December 31, 2019 are as follows:
December 31,
2019
Operating Leases
2020
$ 43.3
2021
31.6
2022
24.1
2023
18.0
2024
10.6
Thereafter
14.2
Total Lease Payments
141.8
Less: Imputed Interest
(28.6)
Present value of lease liabilities
$ 113.2
 
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As previously disclosed in our 2018 financial statements and under the previous lease accounting standard, future minimum annual rentals under noncancellable long-term leases, exclusive of maintenance, taxes, insurance and other operating costs as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:
2019
$ 51.4
2020
37.2
2021
25.4
2022
17.9
2023
12.4
Thereafter
19.2
Total noncancelable long-term leases
$ 163.5
(9)   PENSION PLANS
Most of the Company’s employees participate in defined contribution plans, including 401(k), profit sharing, and other savings plans that provide retirement benefits.
Certain U.S. and non-U.S. employees participate in Company specific or statutorily required defined benefit plans. In general, the Company’s policy is to fund these plans based on legal requirements, required benefit payments, and other factors.
Retirement plans expense includes the following components:
U.S. plans
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Company defined benefit plans:
Service cost
$ $ $ 0.1
Interest cost
0.4
Expected return on plan assets
(0.6)
Net amortization
0.2
Net periodic pension expense
0.2 (0.1)
Settlement
(0.1) 0.9
Defined contribution plans
13.5 12.7 14.8
Total
$ 13.5 $ 12.8 $ 15.6
Non-U.S. plans
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Company defined benefit plans:
Service cost
$ 2.4 $ 2.6 $ 2.8
Interest cost
2.4 2.3 2.6
Expected return on plan assets
(0.9) (0.7) (0.9)
Net amortization
Net periodic pension expense
3.9 4.2 4.5
Curtailment
(1.3) (1.6)
Settlement
0.1
Defined contribution plans
2.8 3.7 2.6
Total
$ 6.7 $ 6.6 $ 5.6
 
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Details of the changes in the actuarial present value of the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets for defined benefit pension plans follow:
U.S. plans
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Projected benefit obligation, beginning
$ 0.9 $ 4.4
Service cost
Interest cost
Actuarial loss
(0.6)
Benefits paid
(0.2)
Acquisition/Divestiture
Settlements
(2.7)
Projected benefit obligation, ending
$ 0.9 $ 0.9
Fair value of plan assets, beginning
3.7
Employer contributions
0.1 0.1
Benefits paid
(0.1) (0.2)
Acquisition/Divestiture
Settlements
(2.7)
Foreign currency translation and other
(0.9)
Fair value of plan assets, ending
$ $
Net amount recognized in the balance sheet
$ (0.9) $ (0.9)
Amounts recognized in the balance sheet:
Noncurrent asset
$ $
Current liability
(0.1)
Noncurrent liability
(0.8) (0.9)
Net amount recognized in the balance sheet
$ (0.9) $ (0.9)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
$ $
Non-U.S. plans
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Projected benefit obligation, beginning
$ 75.5 $ 76.7
Service cost
2.4 2.6
Interest cost
2.4 2.3
Actuarial loss
13.4 4.8
Benefits paid
(2.4) (2.2)
Participant contributions
0.3 0.3
Acquisition/Divestiture
Settlements
(0.1)
Curtailments
(4.1)
Foreign currency translation and other
(1.0) (4.8)
Projected benefit obligation, ending
$ 90.6 $ 75.5
Fair value of plan assets, beginning
13.7 14.3
Actual return on plan assets
1.0 0.2
 
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Non-U.S. plans
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Employer contributions
2.4 2.1
Participants’ contributions
0.3 0.3
Benefits paid
(2.4) (2.2)
Acquisition/Divestiture
Settlements
(0.1)
Foreign currency translation and other
(0.1) (0.9)
Fair value of plan assets, ending
$ 14.9 $ 13.7
Net amount recognized in the balance sheet
$ (75.7) $ (61.8)
Amounts recognized in the balance sheet:
Noncurrent asset
$ 0.5 $ 0.6
Current liability
(2.2) (1.8)
Noncurrent liability
(74.0) (60.6)
Net amount recognized in the balance sheet
$ (75.7) $ (61.8)
Pretax accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss
$ 15.0 $ 1.6
As of December 31, 2019, U.S. plans were underfunded by $0.9 and non-U.S. plans were underfunded by $75.7. The U.S. funded status includes unfunded plans totaling $0.9 and the non-U.S. status includes unfunded plans totaling $76.2.
As of the plans’ December 31, 2019 and 2018 measurement dates, the total accumulated benefit obligation was $81.4 and $69.6 , respectively. Also, as of the respective measurement dates, the total projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation, and fair value of plan assets for retirement plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Projected benefit obligation
$ 83.7 $ 69.5
Accumulated benefit obligation
75.5 64.1
Fair value of plan assets
8.2 7.1
Future benefit payments by U.S. plans are estimated to be $0.1 in 2020, $0.1 in 2021, $0.1 in 2022, $0.1 in 2023,$0.1 in 2024 and $0.3 in total over the five years 2025 through 2029. Based on foreign currency exchange rates as of December 31, 2019, future benefit payments by non-U.S. plans are estimated to be $3.4 in 2020, $2.7 in 2021, $3.3 in 2022, $3.4 in 2023, $3.6 in 2024, and $23.4 in total over the five years 2025 through 2029. The Company expects to contribute approximately $0.3 to its retirement plans in 2020. Company defined benefit pension plan expense for 2020 is expected to be approximately $4.9, versus $3.7 in 2019.
 
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The weighted-average assumptions used in the valuation of pension benefits are as follows:
U.S. plans
Non-U.S. plans
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Net pension expense
Discount rate
4.30% 3.35% 3.24% 3.27%
Expected return on plan assets
% % 6.59% 5.17%
Rate of compensation increase
% % 3.36% 3.04%
Benefit obligations
Discount rate
2.95% 4.30% 2.51% 3.24%
Rate of compensation increase
% % 3.46% 3.36%
Actuarially developed yield curves are used to determine discount rates. The expected return on plan assets assumption is determined by reviewing the investment returns of the plans for the past 10 years plus longer-term historical returns of an asset mix approximating the Company’s asset allocation targets, and periodically comparing these returns to expectations of investment advisors and actuaries to determine whether long-term future returns are expected to differ significantly from the past.
The Company’s Non-U.S. Plan asset allocations at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 follow:
Non-U.S. plans
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Equity securities
% %
Debt securities
28% 30%
Insurance arrangements
53% 50%
Cash
% %
Other
19% 20%
Total
100% 100%
The Company did not have any U.S Plan assets at December 31, 2019.
The primary objective for the investment of plan assets is to secure participant retirement benefits while earning a reasonable rate of return. Plan assets are invested consistent with the principles of prudence and diversification with a long-term investment horizon. The strategy for equity assets is to minimize concentrations of risk by investing primarily in companies in a diversified mix of industries worldwide, while targeting neutrality in exposure to market capitalization levels, growth versus value profile, global versus regional markets, fund types and fund managers.
The approach for debt securities emphasizes investment-grade corporate and government debt with maturities matching a portion of the longer duration pension liabilities. Leveraging techniques are not used and the use of derivatives in any fund is limited and inconsequential.
 
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The fair values of defined benefit plan assets, organized by asset class and by the fair value hierarchy of ASC 820 as outlined in Note 1 follow:
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Percentage
December 31, 2019
Equity securities
$ $ $ $ %
Debt securities
4.1 4.1 28%
Insurance arrangements
7.8 7.8 53%
Cash
%
Other
0.5 2.4 2.9 19%
Total
$ 0.5 $ 4.1 $ 10.2 $ 14.8 100%
December 31, 2018
Equity securities
$ $ $ $ %
Debt securities
4.1 4.1 30%
Insurance arrangements
6.8 6.8 50%
Cash
%
Other
0.6 2.2 2.8 20%
Total
$ $ 4.7 $ 9.0 $ 13.7 100%
Asset classes
Global equities reflects companies domiciled in the U.S., including multi-national companies, as well as companies domiciled in developed nations outside the U.S. Corporate and government bonds represents investment-grade debt of issuers primarily outside the U.S. and insurance arrangements typically ensure no market losses or provide for a small minimum return guarantee and are primarily invested in bonds by the insurer. Other includes cash and general funds that invest primarily in equities, bank deposits and bonds with a guaranteed rate of return.
Fair value hierarchy categories
Valuations of Level 1 assets for all classes are based on quoted closing market prices from the principal exchanges where the individual securities are traded. Cash is valued at cost, which approximates fair value. Equity securities categorized as Level 2 assets are primarily non-exchange traded commingled or collective funds where the underlying securities have observable prices available from active markets. Valuation is based on the net asset value of fund units held as derived from the fair value of the underlying assets. Debt securities categorized as Level 2 assets are generally valued based on independent broker/dealer bids or by comparison to other debt securities having similar durations, yields and credit ratings. Other Level 2 assets are valued based on a net asset value of fund units held, which is derived from either market-observed pricing for the underlying assets or broker/dealer quotation. U.S. equity securities classified as Level 3 are fund investments in private companies. Valuation techniques and inputs for these assets include discounted cash flow analysis, earnings multiple approaches, recent transactions, transfer restrictions, prevailing discount rates, volatilities, credit ratings and other factors. In the other class, interests in mixed assets funds are Level 2, and non-U.S. general fund investments and insurance arrangements are Level 3.
 
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Details of the changes in value for Level 3 assets are as follows:
Year ended
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Level 3, beginning
$ 9.0 $ 8.8
Gains (losses) on assets held
0.7 (0.3)
Purchases, sales and settlements, net
0.5 0.5
Level 3, ending
$ 10.2 $ 9.0
(10)   MULTIEMPLOYER PENSION PLANS
A small subsidiary of the Company has approximately 100 employees who participate in various International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) multiemployer plans under the terms of collective bargaining agreements covering union-represented employees in the U.S. The risks of participating in a multiemployer plan are different from a single employer plan in the following aspects: a) assets contributed to multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers; b) if a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers; and c) if the subsidiary chooses to stop participating in the multiemployer plan, it could be required to pay a calculated amount, based on the funded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability.
The Company does not participate in any multiemployer benefit plans that are considered to be individually significant. The Company’s contributions did not represent more than five percent of the total contributions to any individual multiemployer plan, except for IBEW Local Union 82 Pension Fund. All except four of the plans in which the company participates in were funded at a level of 80% or greater. None of the plans in which the Company participates are expected to become insolvent as indicated by actuarial certification required under the Multiemployer Pension Reform Act of 2014.
The Company’s contribution to all multiemployer plans totaled $1.5, $1.1, and $1.5 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
(11)   INCOME TAXES
The effective tax rate for continuing operations was (35.0)%, (18.4)%, and 4.8% for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The effective rate in the current period is primarily influenced by the mix of income between our U.S. and non-U.S. operations, changes in valuation allowance for U.S. federal purposes, the GILTI provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“the Act”), and additional reserves for uncertain tax positions. For the year ended December 31, 2018, income tax expense was primarily influenced by the impact of the GILTI provisions of the Act and the mix of income between our U.S. and non-U.S. operations which was offset by changes in valuation allowance for U.S. federal purposes. For the year ended December 31, 2017, income tax expense was primarily influenced by the recognition of a valuation allowance for U.S. federal and state purposes, the impact of the Act, recognition of the outside basis difference in stock of a subsidiary that was divested and withholding taxes on repatriation of earnings and other payments made between affiliates.
On December 22, 2017, the Act made significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code, effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The Act reduced the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, required companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings for certain foreign subsidiaries and created new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2018, we completed the accounting for the tax effects of the Act. As a result, we recorded a tax benefit of  $14.1 for the year ended December 31, 2018 to adjust provisional amounts recorded as of December 31, 2017 related to the tax effects of the Act which are included as a component of income tax expense from continuing operations. The estimate included a one-time transition tax on the
 
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mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings, and which was adjusted by $15.9 from $28.0 to $12.1. This adjustment was based on a decrease in cumulative foreign earnings from $180.4 to $78.2. In addition, the provisional amount related to the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities resulted in additional expense of  $1.4 while the change in valuation allowance resulted in additional expense of  $0.4.
The global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions of the Act require the Company to include in its U.S. income tax return foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary’s tangible assets. The Company expected to be subject to the GILTI provisions, and has made the policy election to record any liability associated with GILTI in the period in which it is incurred. These rules resulted in $18.0 and $4.2 of additional income tax expense in 2019 and 2018 respectively.
The base-erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”) provisions of the Act impose an additional tax if certain base-erosion payments reduce the Company’s U.S. income tax liability. The Company was not subject to this tax for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
In addition to the GILTI and BEAT provisions, the Act includes a favorable provision that allows for a partial deduction for foreign-derived intangible income (“FDII”). The Company expects that it will benefit from the deduction in future periods but is not applicable to the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Earnings (loss) before income taxes from continuing operations consists of the following:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
United States
$ (201.1) $ (351.4) $ (427.9)
Non-U.S.(1)
96.8 80.4 20.8
Total loss before income taxes
$ (104.3) $ (271.0) $ (407.1)
(1)   Certain of the Company’s Non-U.S. entities generate significant losses for which a valuation allowance is provided for and accordingly do not create a tax benefit.
The principal components of income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations consists of the following:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Current:
Federal
$ $ $
State and local
(1.4) 6.0 4.5
Non-U.S.
51.0 83.8 61.7
Deferred:
Federal
(0.4) (8.4) (46.3)
State and local
(1.8) (2.7) (7.0)
Non-U.S.
(10.9) (28.8) (32.6)
Income tax expense (benefit)
$ 36.5 $ 49.9 $ (19.7)
Included in deferred Federal tax expense (benefit) for 2017 includes $(3.0) for adjustments to the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets for the enacted U.S. statutory tax rate changes. For income tax expense (benefit) associated with the sale of ASCO, refer to Note 4, Discontinued Operations.
 
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Reconciliation of U.S. federal statutory taxes to the Company’s total income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations consists of the following:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Taxes at U.S. statutory rate (21%)(1)
$ (21.9) $ (56.9) $ (142.8)
State and local taxes, net of federal tax benefit
(4.0) (6.0) (12.7)
Non-U.S. rate differential
4.3 4.2 (0.6)
Non-U.S. tax holidays
(4.6) (1.8) 2.1
Uncertain tax positions
16.0 21.5 3.5
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
(14.1) 23.0
Global intangible low-tax income inclusion
13.8 4.2
Change in valuation allowances
17.0 104.7 93.4
Taxes on undistributed foreign earnings and withholding/ dividend taxes
8.5 (2.3) 16.0
U.S. implications of non-U.S. earnings
(1.8) 12.3 2.3
R&D deduction/ credit
(2.2) (11.8) (8.9)
Non-taxable settlement of contingent consideration
(3.2) (6.3)
Other permanent differences
6.7 10.5 0.4
Impact of rate changes in non-U.S. jurisdictions
4.8 (1.3) (13.2)
Outside basis difference on divestiture
(6.6) 19.1
Non-deductible transaction costs
(5.9)
Other(2)
(0.1) (3.5) 10.9
Total income tax expense (benefit)
$ 36.5 $ 49.9 $ (19.7)
(1)   The U.S. statutory rate was 35% for the period prior to January 1, 2018.
(2)   Represents several adjustments, none of which are significant for separate disclosure.
The Company has reached tax holiday agreements with certain non-U.S. tax jurisdictions, China being the most significant, and most of the holidays are scheduled to expire between 2019 and 2021. It is the Company’s intention to reapply for these holidays as they expire. We anticipate that we will continue to qualify for these holidays but will assess based on business conditions at the time of renewal.
As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 the Company has recognized a $45.1 and $46.5 deferred income tax liability for U.S. federal income taxes and foreign withholding taxes on outside basis differences for certain foreign subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company has provided for U.S. federal income taxes, foreign withholding and other taxes on outside basis differences in foreign subsidiaries with earnings that are not indefinitely reinvested. Certain earnings of certain foreign affiliates continue to be indefinitely reinvested, but determining the impact was not practicable.
 
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The principal items that gave rise to deferred income tax assets and liabilities follow:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Deferred tax assets
Net operating losses and capital losses
$ 138.3 $ 168.2
Accrued liabilities
30.0 35.1
Employee compensation and benefits
13.7 16.8
Pensions
13.3 11.0
Business interest deduction limitation
98.9 57.3
Inventory
20.4 15.8
Litigation Reserve
14.9
Lease Liability
19.8
Bad Debts
6.3
Other
0.3 13.6
Total deferred tax assets, before valuation allowances
$ 341.0 $ 332.7
Valuation allowances
$ (205.7) $ (208.0)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances
$ 135.3 $ 124.7
Deferred tax liabilities
Intangibles & Goodwill
(106.9) (128.9)
Undistributed foreign earnings
(45.1) (46.6)
Property, plant & equipment
(31.2) (37.7)
Debt issuance costs
(46.1) (56.4)
Lease Right of Use Asset
(18.8)
Other
(2.9) (4.7)
Total deferred tax liabilities
$ (251.0) $ (274.3)
Net deferred income tax liabilities
$ (115.7) $ (149.6)
At December 31, 2019, the Company had federal net operating losses for all U.S. operations of  $265.8, expiring at various times starting in 2036 with some losses having an unlimited carryforward period. At December 31, 2019, the gross amount of the Company’s state net operating losses was $538.1, expiring at various times between 2021 and 2039.
At December 31, 2019, the Company’s foreign net operating losses that are available to offset future taxable income were $254.7. These foreign loss carryforwards will expire at various times beginning in 2020 with some losses having an unlimited carryforward period.
At December 31, 2019, the Company’s foreign capital loss carryforwards were $57.1. These foreign capital loss carryforwards will expire in 2024.
A net decrease in the valuation allowance of  $2.3 is due to certain deferred income taxes which are not more likely than not to be realized.
Pursuant to the terms of the separation, Emerson agreed to indemnify the Company for all U.S. federal, state or local income taxes that are attributable to any period prior to the separation. An indemnification receivable of $15.0 has been recorded in noncurrent other assets for the uncertain tax positions related to periods prior to the separation. The impact on the Company’s tax expense for changes in uncertain tax positions for periods prior to the separation (discussed below) will be offset by the Emerson indemnification, resulting in no net effect on the Company’s net income.
 
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Following are changes in unrecognized tax benefits before considering recoverability of cross-jurisdictional tax credits (federal, state, and non-U.S.) and temporary differences. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits is not expected to significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months.
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Beginning balance
$ 38.4 $ 22.0 $ 20.9
Additions for the current year tax positions
10.2 11.6 3.9
Additions for prior year tax positions
5.5 9.6 2.7
Reductions for prior year tax positions
(1.0) (4.8) (1.9)
Reductions for settlements with tax authorities
(3.4)
Reductions for expirations of statute of limitations
(0.5) (0.2)
Ending balance
$ 52.6 $ 38.4 $ 22.0
The total amount of net unrecognized tax benefits that would affect income tax expense, if recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements, is $40.4. In addition, an adjustment of  $15.0 would result to other expense for reversal of the indemnification receivable. The Company accrues interest and penalties related to income taxes in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, total accrued interest and penalties were $7.1, $6.2 and $6.1, respectively.
The U.S. is the major jurisdiction for which the Company files income tax returns. Examinations by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service are complete through 2013. The status of state and non-U.S. tax examinations varies due to the numerous legal entities and jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Pursuant to the terms of the separation, Emerson will indemnify the Company for any tax assessments for periods prior to the separation.
Vertiv Holdings, LLC and its eligible subsidiaries, file a consolidated U.S. Federal income tax return. Therefore, the Company can utilize Vertiv Group Corporation, and the Vertiv Holding Companies’ tax attributes or vice versa. The Company accounts for Vertiv Holdings, LLC and Vertiv Holdings Companies operations under the separate return method. As Vertiv Holdings, LLC, Vertiv Holding Companies and the Vertiv Group Corporation have incurred tax losses since inception, there has been no reduction of the deferred tax assets above related to net operating loss carryforwards.
(12)   OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Items reported in earnings include the following:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Research and development expense
$ 198.5 $ 165.3 $ 166.5
Depreciation expense
57.1 60.4 61.2
Rent expense
81.4 80.4 61.1
Advertising expense
30.3 35.2 32.6
Items reported in accrued expenses include the following:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Deferred revenue
$ 160.9 $ 170.5
Accrued payroll and other employee compensation
145.4 133.6
Product warranty
43.2 44.9
Litigation reserve (see Note 18)
92.9 60.0
Other (includes liabilities related to lease obligations, see note 8)
425.3 395.3
Total
$ 867.7 $ 804.3
 
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In March 2017, Vertiv adopted the Vertiv Holding Corporation 2017 Transaction Exit Bonus Plan (the “Transaction Exit Bonus Plan”), under which participants may be entitled to receive compensation upon the occurrence of certain qualifying events. No qualifying events have occurred or were deemed probable of occurring as of December 31, 2019 because such events would be contingent and considered to be outside the grantee’s control. Therefore, the event is not probable until it occurs and no amounts were paid or accrued under the Plan as of December 31, 2019.
The change in the sales returns and allowances and allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:
Year ended
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Beginning balance
$ 36.0 $ 28.3 $ 18.0
Provision charged to expense
59.6 55.3 55.3
Deductions
(43.6) (47.6) (45.0)
Ending balance
$ 52.0 $ 36.0 $ 28.3
The change in inventory obsolescence is as follows:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Beginning balance
$ 30.6 $ 15.3 $ 1.2
Provision charged to expense
21.3 20.9 14.4
Write-offs and other
7.8 (5.6) (0.3)
Ending balance
$ 59.7 $ 30.6 $ 15.3
The change in the income tax valuation allowance is as follows:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Beginning balance
$ 208.0 $ 108.5 $ 89.0
Additions (reductions) charged to expense
17.0 105.1 1.9
Additions (reductions) charged to other accounts
(19.3) (5.6) 17.6
Ending balance
$ 205.7 $ 208.0 $ 108.5
(13)   RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Transactions with platinum affiliates
The Company receives certain corporate and advisory services from Platinum Equity Advisors, LLC (“Advisors”), an affiliate of Platinum. These services are provided pursuant to a corporate advisory services agreement (the “CASA”) between Advisors and the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $5.0 and $5.0, respectively, in charges related to the CASA which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss). Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $0.4 and $0.9, respectively, in charges related to other legal and consulting services and $1.3 related to the Geist acquisition during the year ended December 31, 2018.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $15.0 in charges related to the CASA which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss). Additionally, total charges of  $22.2 comprised of  $12.5, $4.3, $1.4, and $4.0 in transaction and financing fees incurred relating to the sale of the Company’s critical power business, financing fees on the net proceeds
 
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received from the 2022 Notes, the purchase of Energy Labs, Inc. during 2017, and fees and expense reimbursement. The $12.5 of transaction and financing fees are included in other deductions, net, while the remaining fees are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. During 2017, Holdings LLC paid cash dividends to JV Holdings of  $1,024.0 and Platinum purchased and sold $50.0 of the 2022 notes.
The Company also purchases and sells goods in the ordinary course of business with Platinum affiliates. A summary of the Company’s purchases and sales of goods or services with affiliates of Platinum is as follows:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Sales to Platinum affiliates
$ 0.4 $ 0.2 $
Purchases from Platinum affiliates
65.0 56.6 5.0
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Accounts payable
$ 2.4 $ 0.5
Transactions with emerson
On November 30, 2016 the Company and Emerson entered into a transition services agreement (the “Transition Services Agreement”), pursuant to which Emerson or its affiliates provide certain transitional services to the Company, including administrative services and IT services. The term of the Transition Services Agreement began on November 30, 2016 and was scheduled to end on its twelve-month anniversary, unless otherwise agreed to with respect to an applicable service. Certain insignificant services continued during 2019. The Company may terminate any service provided to it for any reason upon 30-90 days prior written notice. Generally, services are charged at a monthly cost, which varies depending on the service provided.
The Company also purchases and sells goods and services and leases office space in the ordinary course of business with affiliates of Emerson. The Company sold a building to Emerson during 2018 for approximately $2.8 and received indemnification payments from Emerson of approximately $16.3.
Related-party transactions are as follows:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Information technology services
$ 0.3 $ 1.4 $ 19.9
Medical insurance
3.6
Other programs
0.4 1.1
Shared service centers
13.5
General corporate costs
0.1 0.8 0.6
A summary of the Company’s purchases and sales of goods or services with affiliates of Emerson is as follows:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Sales to Emerson affiliates
$ 3.1 $ 3.8 $ 5.2
Purchases from Emerson affiliates
33.8 32.0 42.8
Lease payments to Emerson affiliates
1.0 1.5 1.5
Related-party balances reported in the consolidated balance sheets include the following:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Receivables
$ 0.5 $ 0.6
Accounts payable
3.7 4.8
 
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(14)   FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Other financial instruments
We determine the fair value of debt using Level 2 inputs based on quoted market prices. The carrying amount of all other debt approximates fair value as those instruments are based on variable interest rates. The following table presents the fair value and carrying value of long-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
Fair value
Carrying value
Fair value
Carrying value
Term Loan due 2023
$ 1,985.7 $ 1,990.7 $ 1,796.2 $ 1,973.8
9.250% Notes due 2024
780.0 726.4 686.8 722.9
12.00%/13.00% Senior PIK Toggle Notes due 2022
507.3 490.1 462.0 485.0
10.00% Notes due 2024
122.0 114.8
ABL Revolving Credit Facility due 2021
145.2 145.2 245.1 245.1
(15)   OTHER DEDUCTIONS, NET
Other deductions, net are summarized as follows:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Amortization of intangibles (excluding software)
$ 129.2 $ 146.2 $ 219.4
Restructuring costs (see Note 5)
20.7 46.2 41.6
Foreign currency loss (gain), net
(1.5) (5.4) 11.2
Contingent consideration
(10.0) (17.9)
Other, net
(2.3) 1.8 0.1
Total
$ 146.1 $ 178.8 $ 254.4
(16)   ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Activity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is as follows:
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Foreign currency translation, beginning
$ 43.2 $ 133.8 $ (8.3)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
(10.3) (90.6) 142.1
Foreign currency translation, ending
32.9 43.2 133.8
Pension, beginning
(1.4) (0.3) (2.2)
Actuarial (loss) gain deferred during the period, net of income
taxes
(13.4) (1.1) 1.9
Amortization of deferred losses into earnings
Pension, ending
(14.8) (1.4) (0.3)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
$ 18.1 $ 41.8 $ 133.5
Activity above is shown net of income taxes as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as follows: pension actuarial losses deferred during the period: $0.1, $0.0, and $0.0; amortization of pension deferred losses into earnings: $0.0, $0.0, and $0.0.
 
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(17)   SEGMENT INFORMATION
The primary measure used for assessing segment performance and making operating decisions is earnings before interest and income taxes. Beginning with the first quarter of 2019, the segment performance measure excludes certain costs that support global product platform development and digital as a result of a change in the way we evaluate the performance of operations, develop strategy and allocate capital resources. Such costs are now included in Corporate and other. We also revised our sales by product and service offering categories during the first quarter of 2019. As noted below, certain prior year comparative segment measurements have been restated in the tables below to conform with the 2019 presentation.
The segment performance measure excludes corporate and other costs which consist of headquarters management costs, stock-based compensation, interest expense, other incentive compensation, global digital costs, and costs that support global product platform development and offering management. Intersegment selling prices approximate market prices. Summarized information about the Company’s results of operations by business segment and product and service offering follows:
Americas includes products and services sold for applications within the data center, communication networks and commercial/industrial markets in North America and Latin America. This segment’s principal product and service offerings include:

Critical infrastructure and solutions includes AC and DC power management thermal management, modular hyperscale type data center sites, as well as hardware for managing IT equipment;

I.T. and edge infrastructure includes racks, rack power, rack power distribution, rack thermal systems, and configurable integrated solutions; and

Services and software solutions includes preventative maintenance, acceptance testing, engineering and consulting, performance assessments, remote monitoring, training, spare parts, and digital critical infrastructure software.
Asia Pacific includes products and services sold for applications within the data center, communication networks and commercial/industrial markets throughout China, India and the rest of Asia. Products and services offered are similar to the Americas segment.
Europe, Middle East & Africa includes products and services sold for applications within the data center, communication networks and commercial/industrial markets in Europe, Middle East & Africa. Products and services offered are similar to the Americas segment.
Business segments
Sales
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Americas
$ 2,251.4 $ 2,175.6 $ 1,886.7
Asia Pacific
1,378.0 1,346.9 1,239.5
Europe, Middle East & Africa
976.0 938.0 918.1
4,605.4 4,460.5 4,044.3
Eliminations
(174.2) (174.9) (164.9)
Total
$ 4,431.2 $ 4,285.6 $ 3,879.4
 
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Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018(1)
December 31,
2017(1)
Americas
$ 354.3 $ 301.0 $ 241.8
Asia Pacific
150.0 136.6 64.2
Europe, Middle East & Africa
64.3 29.8 45.4
568.6 467.4 351.4
Corporate and other
(362.5) (449.6) (379.2)
Interest expense, net
(310.4) (288.8) (379.3)
Total
$ (104.3) $ (271.0) $ (407.1)
(1)   Beginning with the first quarter of 2019, the segment performance measure excludes certain costs that support global product platform development and digital as a result of a change in the way we evaluate the performance of operations, develop strategy and allocate capital resources. Such costs are now included in Corporate and other. Comparative segment measurements for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been adjusted by $156.4 and $159.6 in Americas, $16.8 and $14.4 in APAC, and $35.6 and $32.4 in EMEA, respectively, to reflect this modification.
Total assets
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
Americas
$ 2,296.4 $ 2,410.1
Asia Pacific
1,152.2 1,165.5
Europe, Middle East & Africa
947.5 980.3
4,396.1 4,555.9
Corporate and other
261.3 238.5
Total
$ 4,657.4 $ 4,794.4
Intersegment sales
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Americas
$ 22.3 $ 29.9 $ 25.3
Asia Pacific
100.0 102.7 90.5
Europe, Middle East & Africa
51.9 42.3 49.1
Total
$ 174.2 $ 174.9 $ 164.9
Depreciation and amortization
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Americas
$ 122.2 $ 130.7 $ 178.1
Asia Pacific
35.4 37.8 67.1
Europe, Middle East & Africa
24.0 35.8 39.9
Corporate and other
21.3 12.7 0.9
Total
$ 202.9 $ 217.0 $ 286.0
Capital expenditures
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
Americas
$ 23.5 $ 23.6 $ 13.8
Asia Pacific
11.3 14.5 8.9
Europe, Middle East & Africa
10.0 21.7 13.4
Corporate and other
2.8 4.8 0.6
Total
$ 47.6 $ 64.6 $ 36.7
 
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Geographic information
Sales by destination
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
United States and Canada
$ 2,017.4 $ 1,942.3 $ 1,692.0
Europe
763.9 740.8 704.9
Asia
1,285.6 1,264.9 1,159.7
Latin America
213.0 195.9 174.4
Middle East/Africa
151.3 141.7 148.4
Total
$ 4,431.2 $ 4,285.6 $ 3,879.4
Sales in the U.S. were $1,892.4, $1,831.1, and $1,594.2 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, while sales in China were $669.2, $644.5, and $630.2, respectively.
Sales by product and service offering
Sales
December 31,
2019
December 31,
2018(2)
December 31,
2017(2)
Critical infrastructure & solutions
$ 2,632.6 $ 2,451.8 $ 2,136.5
Service & software solutions(3)
1,298.9 1,276.1 1,215.9
I.T. and Edge infrastructure
499.7 557.7 527.0
Total
$ 4,431.2 $ 4,285.6 $ 3,879.4
(2)   Beginning with the first quarter of 2019, we revised our sales by product and service offering categories from four categories to three. Product and service offerings have been adjusted for years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 to reflect this modification.
(3)   Includes product sales managed within the service and software solutions line of business for internal purposes.
(18)   EQUITY
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, 850,000 Class A Units of equity securities and 150,000 Class B Units of equity securities were outstanding. 100% of the Class A Units are owned by JV Holdings and 100% of the Class B Units are owned indirectly by Emerson. The holders of Class A Units are deemed to have one (1) vote per Class A Unit held, and the holders of Class B Units are deemed to have one (1) vote per Class B unit held (with respect to matters for which such holders are entitled to vote). The holders of Class A Units and the holders of Class B Units each have rights to acquire additional equity securities the Company may issue in proportion to the number of equity securities held at that point in time. The holders of the Class A Units also have rights to purchase additional equity securities where the Company issues such equity securities in connection with Holdings LLC exceeding certain debt thresholds.
The holders of the Class B Units have a subordinate interest in distributions from Holdings LLC and proceeds from the Holdings LLC’s sale or liquidation, until such time as the holders of the Class A Units have received a threshold return on their initial investment in the Company. After such time as the holders of the Class B Units have received a return which is directly linked to the threshold return received by holders of the Class A Units, future distributions from the Company or proceeds from the Company’s sale or liquidation are paid to the holders of the Class A Units and the holders of the Class B Units ratably.
(19)   COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company is a party to a number of pending legal proceedings and claims, including those involving general and product liability and other matters. The Company accrues for such liabilities when it is probable that future costs will be incurred and such costs can be reasonably estimated. Accruals are based on developments to date; management’s estimates of the outcomes of these matters; the Company’s experience in contesting, litigating
 
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and settling similar matters; and any related insurance coverage. While the Company believes that a material adverse impact is unlikely, given the inherent uncertainty of litigation, a future development in these matters could have a material adverse impact on the Company. The Company is unable to estimate any additional loss or range of loss that may result from the ultimate resolution of these matters, other than those described below.
On May 10, 2018, the jury in the case of Bladeroom Group Limited, et al. v. Facebook, Inc., Emerson Electric Co., Emerson Network Power Solutions, Inc. (now known as Vertiv Solutions, Inc.) and Liebert Corporation returned a verdict in favor of the plaintiff in the amount of  $30.0. The jury found the defendants breached a confidentiality agreement with Bladeroom, were unjustly enriched by such breach, improperly disclosed or used certain of the plaintiff’s trade secrets and the misappropriation of such trade secrets was willful and malicious. On March 11, 2019, the court entered orders in the case affirming the original award of  $30.0 and imposing an additional award for punitive damages of  $30.0 as well as attorney fees and interest. Under the terms of the purchase agreement with Emerson, the Company is indemnified for damages arising out of or relating to this case, including the above amounts. On August 12, 2019, judgment was entered, confirming the award entered on March 11, 2019. Emerson has submitted an appeal, and in connection with the appeal has submitted a surety bond underwritten by a third-party insurance company in the amount of  $96.8. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had accrued $92.9 in accrued expenses, the full amount of the judgment, and recorded an offsetting indemnification receivable of  $92.9 in other current assets related to this matter.
On December 28, 2017, Vertiv acquired Energy Labs, Inc. (“Energy Labs”). The purchase agreement contained a provision for contingent consideration in the form of an earn-out payment based on the achievement of 2018 operating results. The range of outcomes was zero to $34.5. On June 4, 2019, Vertiv notified the selling shareholders of Energy Labs of Vertiv’s determination that the applicable 2018 operating results had not been achieved and that no contingent consideration was due to the selling shareholders. On September 6, 2019, the selling shareholders of Energy Labs notified Vertiv of their dispute regarding the contingent consideration due to them. The selling shareholders assert that the applicable 2018 operating results were exceeded and that Vertiv owes $34.5 in earn-out, the highest amount of earn-out possible under the agreement. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had accrued $2.8 in accrued expenses. Discovery is underway and a trial has been scheduled for September 2021. While Vertiv believes it has meritorious defenses against the assertions of the selling shareholders of Energy Labs, Vertiv is unable at this time to predict the outcome of this dispute. If Vertiv is unsuccessful, the ultimate resolution of this dispute could result in a loss of up to $31.7 in excess of the $2.8 accrued as well as costs and legal fees.
At December 31, 2019, there were no known contingent liabilities (including guarantees, taxes and other claims) that management believes will be material in relation to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, nor were there any material commitments outside the normal course of business other than those described above.
(20)   SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through March 11, 2020, which is the date the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.
Merger
On February 7, 2020, the Company consummated its previously announced business combination pursuant to the Merger Agreement. The aggregate merger consideration received by the Company in connection with the consummation of the business combination was approximately $1,526.2 (the “Merger Consideration”). The Merger Consideration was a combination of cash and stock. Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, Vertiv Holdings Co entered into subscription agreements with certain investors and executive officers (“PIPE Investors”). The PIPE Investors subscribed for 123,900,000 shares of Class A common stock for an aggregate purchase price equal to $1,239.0 (the “PIPE Investment”). The Company used $1,464.0 of the proceeds from the Merger Consideration and PIPE Investment to pay down its existing debt. In connection with the debt paydown, we expect to accelerate amortization of debt issuance costs and discount of approximately $50.0 during the
 
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quarter ending March 31, 2020. Upon consumption of the business combination, Vertiv Holdings Co Class A common stock, units and warrants were listed on the NYSE under the symbols “VRT,” “VERT.U” and “VRT WS,” respectively.
In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement with the Vertiv Stockholder (the “Tax Receivable Agreement”). The Tax Receivable Agreement will generally provide for the payment by us to the Vertiv Stockholder of 65% of the cash tax savings realized (or deemed realized) over a 12-year period after the closing of the Business Combination as a result of certain pre-existing tax assets and attributes of Vertiv. In the twelfth year of the Tax Receivable Agreement, an additional payment would be made to the Vertiv Stockholder based on 65% of the remaining tax benefits that have not been realized. The timing of expected future payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement are dependent upon various factors, including the existing tax bases at the time of the Business Combination, the realization of tax benefits and changes in tax laws. However, as the Company is obligated to settle the remaining tax benefits after 12 years, the Company has concluded that the liability should be measured at fair value. The Company has estimated total payments of approximately $196.7 on an undiscounted basis.
In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company entered into certain acknowledgement and release agreements pursuant to which participating key employees, including named executive officers, acknowledged that the Business Combination did not constitute a “qualifying event” under the Transaction Exit Bonus Plan and, subject to each individual’s continued employment through the consummation of the Business Combination and agreement to a release of claims, including any rights under the Transaction Exit Bonus Plan, the participating key employees, including named executive officers, were entitled to receive a bonus, payable within thirty days following the Business Consummation. These agreements resulted in an increase to compensation expense of approximately $21.4 during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Refinancing
On January 31, 2020, Vertiv commenced a process to refinance the indebtedness governed by that certain Term Loan Credit Agreement, by and among, inter alia, Vertiv Intermediate II, Vertiv Group Corporation as borrower, various lenders and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, as amended, amended and restated, modified or supplemented from time to time (the “Term Loan Facility”) and amend and extend that certain Revolving Credit Agreement, by and among, inter alia, Vertiv Intermediate II, Vertiv Group Corporation as lead borrower, certain direct and indirect subsidiaries of Vertiv Group Corporation as co-borrowers thereunder, various lenders and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, as amended, amended and restated, modified or supplemented from time to time (the “Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the Term Loan Facility, the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities”). The refinancing transaction is expected to reduce our debt service requirements and leverage and to extend the maturity profile of our indebtedness.
In connection with the proposed refinancing transaction, on January 31, 2020, Vertiv called all of Holdco’s $500.0 of 12.00%/13.00% Senior PIK Toggle Notes due 2022 (the “2022 Senior Notes”), Vertiv Group Corporation’s $750.0 of 9.250% Senior Notes due 2024 (“2024 Senior Notes”) and Vertiv Group Corporation’s $120.0 of 10.00% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Senior Secured Notes” and, collectively with the 2022 Senior Notes and 2024 Senior Notes, our “Existing Notes”) for conditional redemption on March 2, 2020, in accordance with the respective indentures. The redemptions are conditioned upon the completion of the proposed refinancing transactions on terms satisfactory to us and/or our affiliates. In addition, a total of  $0.5 principal amount of 2024 Senior Notes were tendered in the change of control offer made in connection with the Business Combination and were repurchased on February 7, 2020. We expect to recognize $75.0 redemption premium related to redeeming the Existing Notes and approximately $38.0 write-off of deferred debt issuance costs during the quarter ending March 31, 2020.
On March 2, 2020, Vertiv Group Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”) and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Vertiv Holdings Co., and Vertiv Intermediate II, a Delaware corporation (“Holdings”) and the direct parent of the Borrower, entered into a Term Loan Credit Agreement (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”) with various financial institutions from time to time party thereto, as lenders (the “Term Lenders”), and Citibank,
 
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N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the “Term Agent”). Pursuant to the Term Loan Credit Agreement, the Term Lenders made $2,200.0 in senior secured term loans (the “Term Loan”) to the Borrower. The proceeds of the Term Loan, together with certain borrowings under the ABL Credit Agreement (as defined below), were used to repay or redeem in full certain outstanding indebtedness (the “Refinancing”) of the Borrower and of Vertiv Intermediate Holding Corporation, a Delaware corporation and an indirect parent of the Borrower, and to pay fees and expenses in connection with (a) entry into the Term Loan Credit Agreement, (b) entry into the ABL Credit Agreement and (c) such repayments and redemptions.
Subject to certain conditions and without consent of the then-existing Term Lenders (but subject to the receipt of commitments), the Borrower may incur additional loans under the Term Loan Credit Agreement (as an increase to the Term Loan or as one or more new tranches of term loans)(“Incremental Term Loans”) in an aggregate principal amount of up to the sum of  (a) the greater of  $325.0 and 60.0% of Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement), plus (b) an amount equal to all voluntary prepayments, repurchases and redemptions of pari passu term loans borrowed under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and of certain other pari passu indebtedness incurred outside the Term Loan Credit Agreement utilizing capacity that would otherwise be available for Incremental Term Loans, plus (c) an unlimited amount, so long as on a pro forma basis after giving effect thereto, (i) with respect to indebtedness secured by the Collateral (as defined below) on a pari passu basis with the Term Loan, the Consolidated First Lien Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement) would not exceed 3.75:1.00 and (ii) with respect to indebtedness incurred outside of the Term Loan Credit Agreement and secured by the Collateral on a junior basis with the Term Loan or that is unsecured, the Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement) would not exceed either (A) 5.25:1.00 or (B) if such indebtedness is incurred in connection with a permitted acquisition or other permitted investment, the Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio in effect immediately prior to the consummation of such transaction (the amounts referred to in clauses (a), (b) and (c), collectively, the “Incremental Amount”). Subject to certain conditions, the Borrower may incur additional indebtedness outside of the Term Loan Credit Agreement using the then-available Incremental Amount in lieu of Incremental Term Loans.
The Term Loan will amortize in equal quarterly installments in an amount equal to 1.00% per annum of the principal amount, commencing June 30, 2020. The interest rate applicable to the Term Loan will be, at the Borrower’s option, either (a) the base rate (which is the highest of  (i) the prime rate of Citibank, N.A. on such day, (ii) the greater of the then-current (A) federal funds rate set by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and (B) rate comprised of both overnight federal funds and overnight LIBOR, in each case, plus 0.50%, (iii) LIBOR for a one month interest period, plus 1.00% and (iv) 1.00%), plus 2.00% or (b) one-, two-, three- or six-month LIBOR or, if agreed by all Term Lenders, 12-month LIBOR or, if agreed to by the Term Agent, any shorter period (selected at the option of the Borrower), plus 3.00%. Additionally, concurrent with the refinancing, Vertiv Group Corporation entered into interest rate swap agreements with an initial notional amount of  $1,200.0, which will reduce to $1,000.0 in 2021 and remain at $1,000.0 until the maturity of the Term Loan facility in 2027. The swap transactions exchange floating rate interest payments for fixed rate interest payments on the notional amount to reduce interest rate volatility.
On March 2, 2020, the Borrower, Holdings and certain subsidiaries of the Borrower, as co-borrowers (the “Co-Borrowers”) and guarantors, entered into Amendment No. 5 to the Revolving Credit Agreement (the “ABL Amendment”) with various financial institutions, as lenders, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the “ABL Agent”) and certain other institutions as additional agents and letter of credit issuers, which Amendment amends the Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2016 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time prior to March 2, 2020, the “ABL Credit Agreement” and, as amended by the ABL Amendment, the “Amended ABL Credit Agreement”), by and among, Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation (f/k/a Cortes NP Intermediate Holding II Corporation) (“Holdings”), Vertiv Group Corporation (f/k/a Cortes NP Acquisition Corporation) (“the Lead Borrower”), certain subsidiaries of the Lead Borrower, as co-borrowers, various financial institutions from time to time party thereto, as lenders (after giving effect to the ABL Amendment, the “ABL Lenders”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., (“the ABL Agent”) and certain other institutions from time to time party thereto as additional agents and letter of credit issuers. The Amended ABL Credit Agreement is available to the Borrower and the Co-Borrowers and provides for revolving
 
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loans in various currencies and under U.S. and foreign subfacilities, in an aggregate amount up to $455.0 with a letter of credit subfacility of  $200.0 and a swingline subfacility of  $75.0 in each case subject to various borrowing bases. Borrowings under the Amended ABL Credit Agreement are limited by borrowing base calculations based on the sum of specified percentages of eligible accounts receivable, certain eligible inventory and certain unrestricted cash, minus the amount of any applicable reserves. Borrowings under the Amended ABL Credit Agreement were used on March 2, 2020, together with the proceeds of the Term Loan, to consummate the Refinancing and for working capital purposes. Going forward, borrowings under the Amended ABL Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.
Subject to certain conditions and without the consent of the then-existing ABL Lenders (but subject to the receipt of commitments), commitments under the Amended ABL Credit Agreement may be increased to up to $600.0.
The interest rate applicable to loans denominated in U.S. dollars under the Amended ABL Credit Agreement will be, at the Borrower’s option, either (a) the base rate (which is the highest of  (i) the prime rate of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. on such date, (ii) the greater of the then-current (A) federal funds rate set by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and (B) rate comprised of both overnight federal and overnight LIBOR, in each case, plus 0.50%, (iii) LIBOR for a one month interest period, plus 1.00% and (iv) 1.00%), plus an applicable margin (the “Base Rate Margin”) ranging from 0.25% to 0.75%, depending on average excess availability or (b) one-, two-, three- or six-month LIBOR or, if available to all ABL Lenders, 12-month LIBOR or any shorter period (selected at the option of the Borrower), plus an applicable margin (the “LIBOR Margin” and collectively, with the Base Rate Margin, the “Applicable Margins”) ranging from 1.25% to 1.75%, depending on average excess availability. Certain “FILO” denominated loans have margins equal to the Applicable Margins, plus an additional 1.00%. Loans denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars are subject to customary interest rate conventions and indexes, but in each case, with the same Applicable Margins. In addition, the following fees are applicable under the Amended ABL Credit Agreement: (a) an unused line fee of 0.25% per annum on the unused portion of the commitments under the Amended ABL Credit Agreement, (b) letter of credit participation fees on the aggregate stated amount of each letter of credit equal to the LIBOR Margin and (c) certain other customary fees and expenses of the lenders, letter of credit issuers and agents thereunder.
 
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20,000,000 shares
[MISSING IMAGE: LG_VERTIV-BW.JPG]
Vertiv Holdings Co
Class A common stock
Prospectus
Joint Book-Running Managers
J.P. Morgan
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
BofA Securities
Citigroup
August    , 2020

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Part II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other expenses of issuance and distribution.
The following table sets forth the fees and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by us in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered hereby.
SEC registration fee
$ 484,658.86**
FINRA filing fee
$ 225,500**
Printing fees and expenses
$ 175,000
Registrar and transfer agent fees
$ 5,000
Legal fees and expenses
$ 380,000
Accounting fees and expenses
$ 235,000
Miscellaneous
$ 20,000
Total
$ 1,525,158.86
*
Estimates not presently known.
**
Previously paid.
We will bear all costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of the securities, including with regard to compliance with state securities or “blue sky” laws. The Selling Holders, however, will bear all underwriting commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to their sale of the securities. All amounts are estimates except the SEC registration fee.
Item 14. Indemnification of directors and officers.
Section 145 of the DGCL, as amended, authorizes us to indemnify any director or officer under certain prescribed circumstances and subject to certain limitations against certain costs and expenses, including attorney’s fees actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, to which a person is a party by reason of being one of our directors or officers if it is determined that such person acted in accordance with the applicable standard of conduct set forth in such statutory provisions.
Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that our officers and directors are indemnified by us to the fullest extent authorized by Delaware law, as it now exists or may in the future be amended. In addition, our Certificate of Incorporation provides that our directors will not be personally liable for monetary damages to us or our stockholders for breaches of their fiduciary duty as directors, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL as the same exists or may hereafter be amended.
Our Bylaws permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or agent of the Company for any liability arising out of his or her actions, regardless of whether Delaware law would permit such indemnification. We have purchased a policy of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance that insures our officers and directors against the cost of defense, settlement or payment of a judgment in some circumstances and insures us against our obligations to indemnify our officers and directors. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our officers and directors, a form of which is filed as an exhibit to this registration statement. These agreements require us to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law against liabilities that may arise by reason of their service to us, and to advance expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that
 
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in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
Item 15. Recent sales of unregistered securities.
During the three years preceding the filing of this registration statement, the registrant has granted or issued the following securities of the registrant which were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
On June 12, 2018, we issued 10,533,333 private placement warrants to our Sponsor concurrently with the closing of our IPO. On February 7, 2020, in connection with the Business Combination, we issued 118,261,955 Stock Consideration Shares to the Vertiv Stockholder pursuant to the Merger Agreement and 123,900,000 PIPE Shares to the PIPE Investors pursuant to the Subscription Agreements.
The sales of the above securities were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act in reliance on the exemptions afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. Other than the IPO, no sales involved underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions or public offerings of securities of the registrant.
Item 16. Exhibits and financial statement schedules.
Exhibit
number
Exhibit title
  1.1 Form of Underwriting Agreement by and among Vertiv Holdings Co., VPE Holdings, LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and the underwriters named on Schedule I therein .**
2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 10, 2019, by and among GS Acquisition Holdings Corp, Crew Merger Sub I LLC, Crew Merger Sub II LLC, Vertiv Holdings, LLC and VPE Holdings, LLC.**
3.1 Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Vertiv Holdings Co.***
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Vertiv Holdings Co.***
4.1 Specimen Unit Certificate.***
4.2 Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate.***
4.3 Warrant Agreement, dated June 7, 2018, by and among GS Acquisition Holdings Corp, Computershare Trust Company, N.A. and Computershare Inc.**
4.4 Indenture, dated as of October 17, 2016, by and between Vertiv Group Corporation (f/k/a/ Cortes NPA Acquisition Corporation) and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.***
4.5 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 30, 2016, among each of the guarantors party thereto, each a subsidiary of Vertiv Group Corporation (f/k/a Cortes NP Acquisition Corporation), and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.***
4.6 Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 27, 2017, by and Vertiv Group Corporation, the guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.***
4.7 Indenture, dated as of February 9, 2017, by and between Vertiv Intermediate Holding Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.***
  4.8 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 27, 2017, by and between Vertiv Intermediate Holding Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.***
5.1 Opinion of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP**
10.1 Form of Subscription Agreement.**
 
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Exhibit
number
Exhibit title
10.2 Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 7, 2020, by and among Vertiv Holdings Co, GS Sponsor LLC, Cote SPAC 1 LLC, James Albaugh, Roger Fradin, Steven S. Reinemund, VPE Holdings, LLC, GSAH Investors Emp LP, Atlanta Sons LLC and the Other Cote Holders named therein.***
10.3 Stockholders Agreement, dated February 7, 2020, by and among Vertiv Holdings Co, GS Sponsor LLC, Cote SPAC 1 LLC and VPE Holdings, LLC.***
10.4 Tax Receivable Agreement, dated February 7, 2020, by and between Vertiv Holdings Co and VPE Holdings, LLC.***
10.5 2020 Stock Incentive Plan of Vertiv Holdings Co and its Affiliates.***
10.6 Form of Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan of Vertiv Holdings Co and its Affiliates.***
10.7 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Special One-Time Long-Term Incentive (LTI) Award under the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan of Vertiv Holdings Co and its Affiliates.***
10.8 Vertiv Holdings Co Executive Change of Control Plan.***
10.9 Vertiv Holdings Co Executive Employment Policy.***
10.10 Form of Executive Offer Letter.***
10.11 Form of Indemnification Agreement.***
10.12 Investment Management Trust Agreement, dated June 7, 2018, by and between Wilmington Trust, N.A. and GS Acquisition Holdings Corp.**
10.13 Letter Agreement, dated June 7, 2018, by and among GS Acquisition Holdings Corp, the Sponsor, GS Acquisition Holdings Corp’s officers and directors and the other parties thereto.**
10.14 Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2016, by and among Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation (f/k/a Cortes NP Intermediate Holding II Corporation), Vertiv Group Corporation (f/k/a Cortes NP Acquisition Corporation), as borrower, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent.***
10.15 Amendment No. 1 to Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of March 17, 2017, by and among Vertiv Group Corporation, as borrower, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other persons party thereto.***
10.16 Amendment No. 2 to Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2017, by and among Vertiv Group Corporation, as borrower, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other persons party thereto.***
 10.17 Amendment No. 3 to Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of September 28, 2018, by and among Vertiv Group Corporation, as borrower, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other persons party thereto.***
10.18 Amendment No. 4 to Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of January 14, 2020, by and among Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation, Vertiv Group Corporation, as borrower, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other persons party thereto.***
 
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Exhibit
number
Exhibit title
10.19 Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2016, by and among Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation (f/k/a Cortes NP Intermediate Holding II Corporation), Vertiv Group Corporation (f/k/a Cortes NP Acquisition Corporation), as lead borrower, the other borrowers party thereto, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the collateral agents party thereto.***
10.20 Amendment No. 1 to Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of September 28, 2018, by and among Vertiv Group Corporation, as lead borrower, the other borrowers party thereto, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other persons party thereto.***
10.21 Amendment No. 2 to Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of October 19, 2018, by and among Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation, Vertiv Group Corporation, as lead borrower, the other borrowers party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent.***
10.22 Amendment No. 3 to Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2019, by and among Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation, Vertiv Group Corporation, as lead borrower, the other borrowers party thereto, the other credit parties party thereto, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other persons party thereto.***
10.23 Amendment No. 4 to Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of January 14, 2020, by and among Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation, Vertiv Group Corporation, as lead borrower, the other borrowers party thereto, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other persons party thereto.***
10.24 Incremental Term Loan Commitment Agreement No. 1, dated as of December 22, 2017, by and among Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation, Vertiv Group Corporation, as borrower, the other guarantors party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and incremental lender.***
10.25 Form of Stock Option Award Agreement for Employees under the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan of Vertiv Holdings Co and its Affiliates.***
10.26 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Employees for Special One-Time Long-Term Incentive (LTI) Award under the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan of Vertiv Holdings Co and its Affiliates***
10.27 Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of March 2, 2020, by and among Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation, Vertiv Group Corporation, as borrower, the lenders party thereto and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 3, 2020).
10.28 Amendment No. 5 to Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of March 2, 2020, by and among Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation, Vertiv Group Corporation, as lead borrower, the other borrowers party thereto, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other persons party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 3, 2020).
21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant.***
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered accounting firm for Vertiv Holdings, LLC**
23.2 Consent of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)**
24.1 Powers of Attorney (included on signature page to initial filing of registration statement)
101.INS XBRL Instance Document**
 
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Exhibit
number
Exhibit title
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document**
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document**
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document**
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document**
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document**
*    To be filed, if necessary, subsequent to the effectiveness of this registration statement by an amendment to this registration statement or incorporated by reference pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K in connection with the offering of securities.
**   Filed herewith.
*** Previously filed.
+    Certain schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby agrees to hereby furnish supplementally a copy of all omitted schedules to the SEC upon request.
Item 17. Undertakings.
(a)   The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1)   To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i)   To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii)   To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement.
(iii)   To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement.
(2)   That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3)   To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
 
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(4)   That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
(i)   If the registrant is relying on Rule 430B:
(A)   Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(B)   Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
(5)   That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i)   Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii)   Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(iii)   The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv)   Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
(b)   Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
 
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precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(c)   The undersigned registrants hereby undertakes:
(1)   For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b) (1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2)   For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
 
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Columbus, Ohio, on August 5, 2020.
VERTIV HOLDINGS CO
By:
/s/ Rob Johnson
Name:
Rob Johnson
Title:
Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Name
Title
Date
/s/ Rob Johnson
Rob Johnson
Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
August 5, 2020
/s/ David J. Fallon
David J. Fallon
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
August 5, 2020
*
David M. Cote
Executive Chairman of the Board August 5, 2020
*
Joseph van Dokkum
Director August 5, 2020
*
Roger Fradin
Director August 5, 2020
*
Jacob Kotzubei
Director August 5, 2020
*
Matthew Louie
Director August 5, 2020
*
Edward L. Monser
Director August 5, 2020
 

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Name
Title
Date
*
Steven S. Reinemund
Director August 5, 2020
*
Robin L. Washington
Director August 5, 2020
*By:
/s/ Rob Johnson
Name: Rob Johnson
Title: Attorney-in-fact
 

 

Exhibit 1.1

 

Vertiv Holdings Co

 

20,000,000 Shares of Common Stock

 

Underwriting Agreement

 

August [    ], 2020

 

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

As Representatives of the

several Underwriters listed
in Schedule 1 hereto

c/o J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
383 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10179

c/o Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
200 West Street
New York, New York 10282

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

VPE Holdings, LLC (the “Selling Stockholder”) of Vertiv Holdings Co, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), proposes to sell to the several underwriters listed in Schedule 1 hereto (collectively, the “Underwriters”), for whom J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC are acting as representatives (collectively, the “Representatives” or “you”), an aggregate of 20,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), of the Company (the “Underwritten Shares”) and, at the option of the Underwriters, up to an additional 3,000,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company (the “Option Shares”). The Underwritten Shares and the Option Shares are herein referred to as the “Shares”. The shares of Common Stock of the Company to be outstanding after giving effect to the sale of the Shares are referred to herein as the “Stock”.

 

The Company and the Selling Stockholder, as applicable, hereby confirm their agreement with the several Underwriters concerning the purchase and sale of the Shares, as follows:

 

1.                   Registration Statement. The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the “Securities Act”), a registration statement (File No. 333-236334), including a prospectus, relating to the Shares. Such registration statement, as amended at the time it mostly recently became effective, including the information, if any, deemed pursuant to Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the Securities Act to be part of the registration statement at the time of its effectiveness (“Rule 430 Information”), is referred to herein as the “Registration Statement”; and as used herein, the term “Preliminary Prospectus” means any preliminary prospectus (including any preliminary prospectus supplement to the base prospectus filed as part of the Registration Statement, in the form in which it has most recently been filed with the Commission on or prior to the date of this Agreement) relating to the Shares filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, and the term “Prospectus” means the prospectus in the form first used (or made available upon request of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act) in connection with confirmation of sales of the Shares. If the Company has filed an abbreviated registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act (the “Rule 462 Registration Statement”), then any reference herein to the term “Registration Statement” shall be deemed to include such Rule 462 Registration Statement. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

 

[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement]

 

 

 

 

At or prior to the Applicable Time (as defined below), the Company had prepared the following information (collectively with the pricing information set forth on Annex A hereto, the “Pricing Disclosure Package”): a Preliminary Prospectus dated August [    ], 2020.

 

“Applicable Time” means [            ] [A/P].M., New York City time, on August [    ], 2020.

 

2.                   Purchase of the Shares. (a) The Selling Stockholder agrees to sell the Underwritten Shares to the several Underwriters as provided in this Agreement, and each Underwriter, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase at a price per share of $[ ] (the “Purchase Price”) from the Selling Stockholder the number of Underwritten Shares (to be adjusted by you so as to eliminate fractional shares) determined by multiplying the aggregate number of Underwritten Shares to be sold by the Selling Stockholder by a fraction, the numerator of which is the aggregate number of Underwritten Shares to be purchased by such Underwriter as set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule 1 hereto and the denominator of which is the aggregate number of Underwritten Shares to be purchased by all the Underwriters from the Selling Stockholder hereunder.

 

In addition, the Selling Stockholder agrees to sell the Option Shares to the several Underwriters as provided in this Agreement, and the Underwriters, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, shall have the option to purchase, severally and not jointly, from the Selling Stockholder the Option Shares at the Purchase Price less an amount per share equal to any dividends or distributions declared by the Company and payable on the Underwritten Shares but not payable on the Option Shares. If any Option Shares are to be purchased, the number of Option Shares to be purchased by each Underwriter shall be the number of Option Shares which bears the same ratio to the aggregate number of Option Shares being purchased as the number of Underwritten Shares set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule 1 hereto (or such number increased as set forth in Section 12 hereof) bears to the aggregate number of Underwritten Shares being purchased from the Selling Stockholder by the several Underwriters, subject, however, to such adjustments to eliminate any fractional Shares as the Representatives in their sole discretion shall make; provided, however, that in no event shall the number of Option Shares sold by the Selling Stockholder hereunder exceed the maximum number of Option Shares.

 

The Underwriters may exercise the option to purchase Option Shares at any time in whole, or from time to time in part, on or before the thirtieth day following the date of the Prospectus, by written notice from the Representatives to the Selling Stockholder. Such notice shall set forth the aggregate number of Option Shares as to which the option is being exercised and the date and time when the Option Shares are to be delivered and paid for, which may be the same date and time as the Closing Date (as hereinafter defined) but shall not be earlier than the Closing Date nor later than the tenth full business day (as hereinafter defined) after the date of such notice (unless such time and date are postponed in accordance with the provisions of Section 12 hereof). Any such notice shall be given at least two business days prior to the date and time of delivery specified therein.

 

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(b)                The Selling Stockholder understands that the Underwriters intend to make a public offering of the Shares, and initially to offer the Shares on the terms set forth in the Pricing Disclosure Package. The Selling Stockholder acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters may offer and sell Shares to or through any affiliate of an Underwriter.

 

(c)                Payment for the Shares shall be made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the account specified by the Selling Stockholder to the Representatives in the case of the Underwritten Shares, at the offices of Cahill Gordon & Reindel llp at 10:00 A.M., New York City time, on August [    ], 2020, or at such other time or place on the same or such other date, not later than the fifth business day thereafter, as the Representatives and the Selling Stockholder may agree upon in writing or, in the case of the Option Shares, on the date and at the time and place specified by the Representatives in the written notice of the Underwriters’ election to purchase such Option Shares. The time and date of such payment for the Underwritten Shares is referred to herein as the “Closing Date” and the time and date for such payment for the Option Shares, if other than the Closing Date, is herein referred to as the “Additional Closing Date”.

 

(d)                Payment for the Shares to be purchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall be made against delivery to the Representatives for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters of the Shares to be purchased on such date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, with any transfer taxes payable in connection with the sale of such Shares duly paid by the Selling Stockholder. Delivery of the Shares shall be made through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) unless the Representatives shall otherwise instruct. The certificates for the Shares will be made available for inspection and packaging by the Representatives at the office of DTC or its designated custodian not later than 1:00 P.M., New York City time, on the business day prior to the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

 

(e)                Each of the Company and the Selling Stockholder acknowledges and agrees that the Representatives and the other Underwriters are acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length contractual counterparty to the Company and the Selling Stockholder with respect to the offering of Shares contemplated hereby (including in connection with determining the terms of the offering) and not as a financial advisor or a fiduciary to, or an agent of, the Company, the Selling Stockholder or any other person. Additionally, neither the Representatives nor any other Underwriter is advising the Company, the Selling Stockholder or any other person as to any legal, tax, investment, accounting or regulatory matters in any jurisdiction. The Company and the Selling Stockholder shall consult with their own advisors concerning such matters and each shall be responsible for making its own independent investigation and appraisal of the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Representatives nor any other Underwriter shall have any responsibility or liability to the Company or the Selling Stockholder with respect thereto. Any review by the Representatives and the other Underwriters of the Company, the transactions contemplated hereby or other matters relating to such transactions will be performed solely for the benefit of the Representatives and the other Underwriters and shall not be on behalf of the Company or the Selling Stockholder. Moreover, the Selling Stockholder acknowledges and agrees that, although the Representatives may be required or choose to provide the Selling Stockholder with certain Regulation Best Interest and Form CRS disclosures in connection with the offering, the Representatives and the other Underwriters are not making a recommendation to the Selling Stockholder to participate in the offering, enter into a “lock-up” agreement, or sell any Shares at the price determined in the offering, and nothing set forth in such disclosures is intended to suggest that the Representatives or any Underwriter is making such a recommendation.

 

3.                   Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to each Underwriter and the Selling Stockholder that:

 

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(a)                Preliminary Prospectus. No order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus has been issued by the Commission, and each Preliminary Prospectus included in the Pricing Disclosure Package, at the time of filing thereof, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act, and no Preliminary Prospectus, at the time of filing thereof, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information (as defined below) relating to any Underwriter that has been furnished to the Company in writing by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in any Preliminary Prospectus.

 

(b)                Pricing Disclosure Package. The Pricing Disclosure Package as of the Applicable Time did not, and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with Underwriter Information relating to any Underwriter that has been furnished to the Company in writing by or on behalf of such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in such Pricing Disclosure Package.

 

(c)                Free Writing Prospectus; Road Shows. Prior to the execution of this Agreement, the Company (including its agents and Representatives) has not, directly or indirectly, offered or sold any Shares by means of any “prospectus” (within the meaning of the Securities Act) or used any “prospectus” (within the meaning of the Securities Act) in connection with the offer or sale of the Shares, in each case other than the initial registration statement (File No. 333-236334) including any post-effective amendment or prospectus supplement thereto, the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus; the Company has not, directly or indirectly, prepared, used or referred to, and will not, directly or indirectly, prepare, use or refer to, any “free writing prospectus” (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy the Shares (each such communication, a “Free Writing Prospectus”); and the parties hereto agree and understand that the content of any and all “road shows” (as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act) related to the offering of the Shares contemplated hereby are solely the property of the Company.

 

(d)                Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Commission. No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued by the Commission, and no proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act against the Company or related to the offering of the Shares has been initiated or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by the Commission; as of the applicable effective date of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, the Registration Statement and any such post-effective amendment complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act, and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; and as of the date of the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, the Prospectus will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that, in each case, the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information relating to any Underwriter that has been furnished to the Company in writing by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto.

 

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(e)             The Underwriting Agreement. The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; and all action required to be taken for the due and proper authorization, execution and delivery by it of this Agreement and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby or by the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus has been duly and validly taken. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.

 

(f)              The Shares. The Shares to be sold by the Selling Stockholder hereunder have been duly authorized by the Company and, when issued and delivered and paid for as provided herein, will be duly and validly issued, will be fully paid and nonassessable, will conform in all material respects to the descriptions thereof in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; and the issuance of the Shares is not subject to any preemptive or similar rights.

 

(g)             No Material Adverse Change. Since the date of the most recent financial statements of the Company included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except in each case as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (i) there has not been any change in the capital stock (other than the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of stock options, other equity awards and warrants described as outstanding in, and the grant or vesting of options and awards under existing equity incentive plans described in, the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus), 1long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, set aside for payment, paid or made by the Company on any class of capital stock, or any material adverse change, or any development that, in each case, would reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change, in or affecting the business, properties, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole; (ii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has entered into any transaction or agreement (whether or not in the ordinary course of business) that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole; and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has sustained any loss or interference with its business that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole and that is either from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor disturbance or dispute or any action, order or decree of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority.

 

(h)             Independent Accountants. Ernst & Young LLP (“E&Y”), who have certified certain financial statements (which term as used in this Agreement includes the related notes thereto), included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus of Vertiv Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019 is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to Vertiv Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries prior to the Business Combination (as defined in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus), and the Company and its subsidiaries following the Business Combination (as defined in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus), in each case, within the applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and as required by the Securities Act.

 

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(i)                 Preparation of the Financial Statements. The consolidated financial statements, together with the related notes, of Vertiv Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries prior to the Business Combination (as defined in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus), and the Company and its subsidiaries following the Business Combination (as defined in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus), in each case, included in in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position of the entities to which they relate as of and at the dates indicated and the results of their operations and cash flows for the periods specified. Such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved, and any supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement present fairly in all material respects the information required to be stated therein (collectively, the “Historical Financial Statements”); and the other financial information included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus has been derived from the accounting records of Vertiv Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries and the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, as applicable, and presents fairly in all material respects the information shown thereby. The financial data set forth in the Registration Statement under the captions “Summary historical consolidated and combined financial and other data” and “Selected historical consolidated financial information of Vertiv Holdings and Vertiv Holdings Co” has been derived from the accounting records of Vertiv Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries and the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, as applicable, and fairly presents in all material respects the information set forth therein on a basis consistent with that of the audited Historical Combined Financial Statements contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, except as otherwise noted therein; all disclosures included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of Commission) comply with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act, to the extent applicable. Nothing has come to the attention of the Company that has caused the Company to believe that the statistical and market-related data included in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus is not based on or derived from sources that are reliable and accurate in all material respects.

 

(j)                 Organization and Good Standing. The Company and each of its “significant subsidiaries” (as defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X) (each, a “Significant Subsidiary” and collectively, the “Significant Subsidiaries”) have been duly organized and are validly existing and in good standing (where such concept is recognized) under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization and has requisite power and authority to own, lease and operate their respective properties and to conduct their respective business as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and, if applicable, to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement. The Company and each of its Significant Subsidiaries are each duly qualified as a foreign corporation or limited liability company, as applicable, to transact business and are in good standing or equivalent status in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of their respective business, except for such jurisdictions where the failure to so qualify or to be in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change on the business, properties, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole or on the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement (a “Material Adverse Change”). The subsidiaries listed in Schedule 2 hereto are the Significant Subsidiaries of the Company as of the date hereof.

 

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(k)             Capitalization and Other Capital Stock Matters. At June 30, 2020 on a consolidated basis, after giving pro forma effect to the sale of the Shares pursuant hereto, the Company would have an authorized and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the heading “Capitalization”; all the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company (including the Shares to be sold by the Selling Stockholder) have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and are not subject to any pre-emptive or similar rights; except as described in or expressly contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no outstanding rights (including, without limitation, pre-emptive rights), warrants or options to acquire, or instruments convertible into or exchangeable for, any shares of capital stock or other equity interest in the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any contract, commitment, agreement, understanding or arrangement of any kind relating to the issuance of any capital stock of the Company or any such subsidiary, any such convertible or exchangeable securities or any such rights, warrants or options; the capital stock of the Company conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; and except as described in or expressly contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus all the outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity interests of each subsidiary owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, free and clear of any lien, charge, encumbrance, security interest, restriction on voting or transfer or any other claim of any third party.

 

(l)              Non-Contravention of Existing Instruments; No Further Authorizations or Approvals Required. None of the Company or its subsidiaries is (i) in violation of its charter, bylaws or other constitutive document, to the extent applicable, (ii) in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority or (iii) in default (or, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, would be in default) (“Default”) under any indenture, mortgage, loan or credit agreement, note, contract, franchise, lease or other instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries may be bound, or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a subject (each, an “Existing Instrument”), except, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such violations or Defaults as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company, the sale of the Shares by the Selling Stockholder and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (A) will not conflict with or result in any breach or violation of the provisions of the charter, bylaws or other constitutive document of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, to the extent applicable, (B) will not, as applicable, conflict with or constitute a breach of, or Default or a Debt Repayment Triggering Event (as defined below) under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to, or require the consent of any other party to, any Existing Instrument, (C) will not result in any violation of any law, administrative regulation or administrative or court decree applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries and (D) will not require any consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration or filing with, any court, arbitrator or other governmental or regulatory authority or agency, except (1) in the case of this clause (D), (i) such as have been obtained or made and are in full force and effect under the Securities Act, applicable securities or blue sky laws of the several states of the United States or provinces of Canada and (ii) such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders, registrations or filings as may be required by FINRA or under state securities or blue sky laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters, in each case, except where the failure to obtain any such consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or filing would not impair, in any material respect, the ability of the Company or any other party hereto to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and (2) in the case of clauses (B) and (C) above, such liens, charges, encumbrances, conflicts, breaches, Defaults, Debt Repayment Triggering Events or violations that, individually or in the aggregate, would not result in a Material Adverse Change. As used herein, a “Debt Repayment Triggering Event” means any event or condition that gives, or with the giving of notice or lapse of time would give, the holder of any note, debenture or other evidence of indebtedness (or any person acting on such holder’s behalf) the right to require the repurchase, redemption or repayment of all or a portion of such indebtedness by the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

 

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(m)           No Material Actions or Proceedings. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no legal, regulatory or governmental actions, suits, investigations, inquiries, demands or proceedings (“Actions”) pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened (i) against or affecting the Company or any of its subsidiaries or (ii) which have as the subject thereof any property owned or leased by, the Company or any of its subsidiaries and, in each case, any such action, suit or proceeding would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change; and (i) there are no current or pending Actions that are required under the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus that are not so described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and (ii) there are no statutes, regulations or contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus that are not so filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

 

(n)                Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights to use all patents, trademarks, service marks, trade names, copyrights, know-how and other intellectual property necessary to conduct their businesses as now conducted (“Intellectual Property Rights”), except where the failure to own or possess such Intellectual Property Rights would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. None of the Company or its subsidiaries has received any notice of infringement or violation of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any Intellectual Property Rights that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.

 

(o)                All Necessary Permits, Etc. The Company and its subsidiaries possess such valid and current licenses, certificates, authorizations or permits issued by the appropriate state, federal, local or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies necessary for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or to conduct their respective businesses, except where the failure to obtain such licenses, certificates, authorizations or permits would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change, and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of, or non-compliance with, any such license, certificate, authorization or permit that, individually or in the aggregate would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.

 

(p)                Title to Properties. The Company and its subsidiaries have good title to all of the property and assets reflected as owned by the Company and its subsidiaries in the Historical Financial Statements, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, claims and defects, except those (i) as are described in the Registration Statement, Pricing Disclosure Package and Prospectus, (ii) that do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries, or (iii) that could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change. Any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries which are material to the business of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken together, as presently conducted, are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions that are described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or that would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Change and except as the enforcement thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency (including, without limitation, all laws relating to fraudulent transfers), reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors or by general equitable principles (regardless of whether enforcement is considered in a proceeding at equity or at law); and as to rights to indemnification and contribution, by applicable law or principles of public policy.

 

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(q)                Tax Law Compliance. The Company and its subsidiaries have filed all tax returns required by law, rule or regulation to be filed through the date hereof, paid all federal, state, local and foreign taxes (including as a withholding agent) and has established adequate reserves in accordance with GAAP for all taxes not yet due and payable, except for any taxes as may be being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP or to the extent any such failure would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change; and other than tax deficiencies that Company or any of its subsidiaries, as the case may be, are contesting in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP, there is no tax deficiency that has been asserted against Company or any of its subsidiaries that would reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change.

 

(r)                 Company Not an “Investment Company.” The Company is not required to register as an “investment company” or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act,” which term, as used herein, includes the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder).

 

(s)                 Insurance. The Company and its subsidiaries collectively carry insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as in the Company’s reasonable determination is adequate for the conduct of their respective business and the value of their respective properties; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has (i) received notice from any insurer or agent of such insurer that capital improvements or other expenditures are required or necessary to be made in order to continue such insurance or (ii) any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that could would not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change.

 

(t)                 No Price Stabilization or Manipulation. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries or other affiliates has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares.

 

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(u)                Company’s Accounting System. The Company and its subsidiaries maintain systems of “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act and have been designed by, or under the supervision of, their respective principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. The Company and its subsidiaries maintain internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences and (v) interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Pricing Disclosure Package fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and is prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto. Based on the Company’s most recent evaluation of its internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Rule 13a-15(c) of the Exchange Act, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no material weaknesses in the Company’s internal controls. The Company’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company have been advised of: (i) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which have adversely affected or are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial data; and (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a role in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

 

(v)                eXtensible Business Reporting Language. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.

 

(w)              Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has established and maintains a system of “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act and that has been designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company has carried out evaluations of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act.

 

(x)                Regulations T, U, X. None of Company, any of its subsidiaries nor any agent thereof acting on their behalf (other than the Underwriters as to whom the Company makes no representation) has taken, and none of them will take, any action that might cause this Agreement or the sale and delivery of the Shares by the Selling Stockholder, nor the application of proceeds therefrom, to violate Regulation T, Regulation U or Regulation X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in each case as in effect on the date hereof.

 

(y)                Compliance with and Liability Under Environmental Laws. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries (i) is in violation of any law, statute, any rule, regulation, decision or order of any governmental agency or body or any court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries, relating to the generation, use, transport, disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances (including, without limitation, fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, petroleum or petroleum products) or relating to the protection or restoration of the environment or human exposure to hazardous or toxic substances (collectively, “Environmental Laws”), (ii) owns, leases or operates any real property contaminated with any substance that is subject to any Environmental Laws, (iii) is liable for any off-site disposal or contamination pursuant to any Environmental Laws, or (iv) has received written notice of or is subject to any pending or threatened claim or liability relating to any Environmental Laws, which violation, contamination, liability or claim would individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is aware of any pending investigation, conditions, facts or circumstances that would reasonably be expected to result in a violation of, liability under, or claim pursuant to any Environmental Laws that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.

  

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(z)                ERISA Compliance. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has any liability for any prohibited transaction or failure to satisfy the minimum funding standard under Section 412 of the Code and Section 302 of ERISA, whether or not waived, or any complete or partial withdrawal liability or other liability under Title IV of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), with respect to any pension, profit sharing or other plan that is subject to ERISA, to which the Company, its subsidiaries or their ERISA Affiliates (as defined below) makes or ever has made a contribution and in which any employee of the Company or of any such subsidiary or their ERISA Affiliates is or has ever been a participant which liability would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. With respect to such plans, the Company and each of its subsidiaries is in compliance with all applicable provisions of ERISA, except for such noncompliance which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. “ERISA Affiliate” means any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) that, together with the Company, is treated as a single-employer under Section 414(b) or (c) of the Code.

 

(aa)             Compliance with Labor Laws. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change, (i) there is (A) no unfair labor practice complaint pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against the Company or any of its subsidiaries before the National Labor Relations Board, and no grievance or arbitration proceeding arising out of or under collective bargaining agreements pending, or to the Company’s knowledge, threatened, against the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (B) no strike, labor dispute, slowdown or stoppage pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against the Company or any of its subsidiaries and (C) no union representation question existing with respect to the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries and, to the Company’s knowledge, no union organizing activities taking place with respect to the Company or any of its subsidiaries and (ii) there has been no violation of any federal, state or local law relating to discrimination in hiring, promotion or pay of employees or of any applicable wage or hour laws.

 

(bb)            Related Party Transactions. No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and any director, officer, stockholder, customer or supplier of the Company or any affiliate of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the other hand, that is required by the Securities Act to be disclosed in a registration statement pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K and that is not so described the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Pricing Disclosure Package.

 

(cc)             No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor any director, officer or employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) violated or is in violation of the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law, including, without limitation, making use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization of the payment of any money, or other property, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything of value to any “foreign official” (as such term is defined in the FCPA) or any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office, in contravention of the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law or (iii) made, offered, agreed or requested any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful or improper payment or benefit; and the Company and its subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, the Company’s affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act and other applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to ensure, continued compliance therewith. The Company and its subsidiaries have instituted, maintain and enforce policies and procedures designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.

 

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“FCPA” means Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

 

“UK Bribery Act” means the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

 

(dd)            Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the applicable money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions where the Company or any of its subsidiaries conducts business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Anti-Money Laundering Laws”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

 

(ee)             No Conflicts with Sanctions Laws. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, directors, officers or employees, nor to the knowledge of the Company, any agent, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is currently the subject or the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. government, including, without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a “specially designated national” or “blocked person”), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury (or any similar sanctions imposed by any other governmental authority to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject) (collectively, “Sanctions”), nor is the Company or any of its subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or target of Sanctions, including, without limitation Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria (each, a “Sanctioned Country”). The Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering of the Shares hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person, (i) to fund any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding, is the subject of Sanctions, or is in, at the time of such funding, a Sanctioned Country, or (ii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. For the past five years, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in and are not now knowingly engaged in any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.

 

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(ff)               Stock Options. With respect to the stock options (the “Stock Options”) granted pursuant to the stock-based compensation plans of the Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company Stock Plans”), (i) each Stock Option intended to qualify as an “incentive stock option” under Section 422 of the Code so qualifies, (ii) each grant of a Stock Option was duly authorized no later than the date on which the grant of such Stock Option was by its terms to be effective by all necessary corporate action, including, as applicable, approval by the board of directors of the Company (or a duly constituted and authorized committee thereof) and any required stockholder approval by the necessary number of votes or written consents, and the award agreement governing such grant (if any) was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto, (iii) each such grant was made in accordance with the terms of the Company Stock Plans, the Exchange Act and all other applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements, including the rules of the New York Stock Exchange and any other exchange on which Company securities are traded, and (iv) each such grant was properly accounted for in accordance with GAAP in the financial statements (including the related notes) of the Company and disclosed in the Company’s filings with the Commission in accordance with the Exchange Act and all other applicable laws. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no policy or practice of the Company of granting, Stock Options prior to, or otherwise coordinating the grant of Stock Options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its subsidiaries or their results of operations.

 

(gg)            Cybersecurity. (i)(x) Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there has been no security breach, incident or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company’s or any of its subsidiaries’ information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of their respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of them), equipment or technology (collectively, “IT Systems and Data”) and (y) the Company and its subsidiaries have not been notified of, and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to their IT Systems and Data, except as would not, in the case of this clause (i), individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change; (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as would not, in the case of this clause (ii), individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change; and (iii) the Company and its subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology, privacy and data security technology, policies and procedures consistent with industry standards and practices, except as would not, in the case of this clause (iii), individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change.

 

(hh)            No Restrictions on Subsidiaries. No subsidiary of the Company is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, under any agreement or other instrument to which it is a party or is subject, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such subsidiary’s capital stock or similar ownership interest, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such subsidiary’s properties or assets to the Company or any other subsidiary of the Company, except (i) as disclosed in the Registration Statement, Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and (ii) for any such restrictions which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.

 

(ii)               No Broker’s Fees. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person (other than this Agreement) that would give rise to a valid claim against any of them or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or like payment in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares.

 

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(jj)               No Registration Rights. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, no person has the right to require the Company or any of its subsidiaries to register any securities for sale under the Securities Act by reason of the filing of the Registration Statement with the Commission, or, to the knowledge of the Company, the sale of the Shares to be sold by the Selling Stockholder hereunder.

 

(kk)            Forward-Looking Statements. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) included or incorporated by reference in any of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.

 

(ll)               Sarbanes-Oxley Act. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications.

 

(mm)        Status under the Securities Act. At the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Securities Act) of the Shares and at the date hereof, the Company was and is an “ineligible issuer” (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act).

 

(nn)            Emerging Growth Company. From the time of initial filing of the Registration Statement to the Commission (or, if earlier, the first date on which the Company engaged directly or through any person authorized to act on its behalf in any Testing-the-Waters Communication undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Securities Act) through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act (an “Emerging Growth Company”). “Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any oral or written communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on either Section 5(d) of, or Rule 163B under, the Securities Act.

 

(oo)            Testing-the-Waters Materials. The Company (i) has not alone engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communications other than Testing-the-Waters Communications with the consent of the Representatives (x) with entities that are qualified institutional buyers (“QIBs”) within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act or institutions that are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act (“IAIs”) and otherwise in compliance with the requirements of Section 5(d) of the Securities Act or (y) with entities that the Company reasonably believed to be QIBs or IAIs and otherwise in compliance with the requirements of Rule 163B under the Securities Act and (ii) has not authorized anyone other than the Representatives to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company reconfirms that the Representatives have been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking Testing-the-Waters Communications by virtue of a writing substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto. The Company has not distributed or approved for distribution any Written Testing-the-Waters Communications other than those listed on Annex D hereto. “Written Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act. Any individual Written Testing-the-Waters Communication does not conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Pricing Disclosure Package, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act, and when taken together with the Pricing Disclosure Package as of the Applicable Time, did not, and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

 

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4.                   Representations and Warranties of the Selling Stockholder. The Selling Stockholder represents and warrants to each Underwriter and the Company that:

 

(a)                Required Consents; Authority. All consents, approvals, authorizations and orders necessary for the execution and delivery by the Selling Stockholder of this Agreement, and for the sale and delivery of the Shares to be sold by the Selling Stockholder hereunder, have been obtained; and the Selling Stockholder has full right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement, and to sell, assign, transfer and deliver the Shares to be sold by the Selling Stockholder hereunder; this Agreement has each been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Selling Stockholder.

 

(b)                No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Selling Stockholder of this Agreement, the sale of the Shares to be sold by the Selling Stockholder and the consummation by the Selling Stockholder of the transactions contemplated herein or therein will not (i) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, result in the termination, modification or acceleration of, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property, right or asset of the Selling Stockholder pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Selling Stockholder is a party or by which the Selling Stockholder is bound or to which any of the property, right or asset of the Selling Stockholder is subject, (ii) result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws or similar organizational documents of the Selling Stockholder or (iii) result in the violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory agency.

 

(c)                Title to Shares. The Selling Stockholder has good and valid title to the Shares to be sold at the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, by the Selling Stockholder hereunder, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or adverse claims; the Selling Stockholder will have, immediately prior to the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, good and valid title to the Shares to be sold at the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, by the Selling Stockholder, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or adverse claims; and, upon delivery of the certificates representing such Shares and payment therefor pursuant hereto, good and valid title to such Shares, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or adverse claims, will pass to the several Underwriters.

 

(d)                No Price Stabilization or Manipulation. The Selling Stockholder has not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company in connection with the offering to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares.

 

(e)                Pricing Disclosure Package. The Pricing Disclosure Package, at the Applicable Time did not, and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the representations and warranties in this Section 4(e) shall only apply to statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Selling Stockholder furnished to the Company in writing by, or on behalf of, the Selling Stockholder expressly for use in the Pricing Disclosure Package (including any Pricing Disclosure Package that has been subsequently amended) (it being understood and agreed that such information solely consists only of (A) the name of the Selling Stockholder, (B) the information relating to the Selling Stockholder’s holdings of shares of Stock in the beneficial ownership table, (C) the information set forth in the applicable footnote relating to the Selling Stockholder in the beneficial ownership table and (D) the number of Shares to be offered by the Selling Stockholder, in each case as set forth under the caption “Selling Stockholder” in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (such information, the “Selling Stockholder Information”) .

 

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(f)                 Free Writing Prospectus and Written Testing-the-Waters Communication. Other than the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Selling Stockholder (including its agents and representatives, other than the Underwriters in their capacity as such) has not prepared, made, used, authorized, approved or referred to and will not prepare, make, use, authorize, approve or refer to any Free Writing Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication and has not distributed any written materials in connection with the offer or sale of the Shares.

 

(g)                Registration Statement and Prospectus. As of the applicable effective date of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, the Registration Statement and any such post-effective amendment complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act, and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; and as of the date of the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, the Prospectus will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that such representations and warranties set forth in this Section 4(g) shall only apply to statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Selling Stockholder Information that has been furnished to the Company in writing by, or on behalf of, the Selling Stockholder expressly for use in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto.

 

(h)                Material Information. As of the date hereof, as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, that the sale of the Shares by the Selling Stockholder is not and will not be prompted by any material information concerning the Company which is not set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus.

 

(i)                 No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments. Neither the Selling Stockholder nor any of its subsidiaries, nor any director, officer or employee of the Selling Stockholder or any of its subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of the Selling Stockholder, any agent, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Selling Stockholder or any of its subsidiaries, has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law, including, without limitation, making use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization of the payment of any money, or other property, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything of value to any “foreign official” (as such term is defined in the FCPA) or any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office, in contravention of the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law and the Selling Stockholder has conducted its businesses in compliance with the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act and other applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to ensure, continued compliance therewith. The Selling Stockholder has instituted, maintained and enforced policies and procedures designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.

 

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(j)                 Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Selling Stockholder and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance in all material respects with the Anti-Money Laundering Laws, and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Selling Stockholder or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Selling Stockholder, threatened.

 

(k)                No Conflicts with Sanctions Laws. Neither the Selling Stockholder nor any of its subsidiaries, directors, officers or employees, nor, to the knowledge of the Selling Stockholder, any agent, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Selling Stockholder or any of its subsidiaries, is currently the subject of any Sanctions, nor is the Selling Stockholder located, organized or resident in a Sanctioned Country. The Selling Stockholder will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering of the Shares hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary or other person, (i) to fund any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding, is the subject of Sanctions, or is in, at the time of such funding, a Sanctioned Country, or (ii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. For the past five years, the Selling Stockholder and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in and are not now knowingly engaged in any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.

 

(l)                 Organization and Good Standing. The Selling Stockholder has been duly organized and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its respective jurisdictions of organization.

 

(m)              ERISA. The Selling Stockholder is not (i) an employee benefit plan subject to Title I of ERISA, (ii) a plan or account subject to Section 4975 of the Code or (iii) an entity deemed to hold “plan assets” of any such plan or account under Section 3(42) of ERISA, 29 C.F.R. 2510.3-101, or otherwise.

 

(n)                FINRA. To the Selling Stockholder’s knowledge, there are no affiliations or associations between any member of FINRA and any of the Selling Stockholder’s officers, directors or 5% or greater securityholders, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus.

 

(o)                The Selling Stockholder specifically agrees that the obligations of the Selling Stockholder hereunder shall not be terminated by operation of law, whether by the death or incapacity of the Selling Stockholder, or, in the case of an estate or trust, by the death or incapacity of any executor or trustee or the termination of such estate or trust, or in the case of a partnership, corporation or similar organization, by the dissolution of such partnership, corporation or organization, or by the occurrence of any other event. If the Selling Stockholder or any such executor or trustee should die or become incapacitated, or if any such estate or trust should be terminated, or if any such partnership, corporation or similar organization should be dissolved, or if any other such event should occur, before the delivery of the Shares hereunder, certificates representing such Shares shall be delivered by or on behalf of the Selling Stockholder in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

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5.                   Further Agreements of the Company. The Company covenants and agrees with each Underwriter that:

 

(a)       Required Filings. The Company will file the final Prospectus with the Commission within the time periods specified by Rule 424(b) and Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the Securities Act; and the Company will furnish copies of the Prospectus (to the extent not previously delivered) to the Underwriters in New York City prior to 10:00 A.M., New York City time, on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement in such quantities as the Representatives may reasonably request.

 

(b)       Delivery of Copies. The Company will deliver, without charge, to the Representatives electronic copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto, in each case including all exhibits and consents filed therewith and documents incorporated by reference therein; and during the Prospectus Delivery Period (as defined below), as many copies of the Prospectus (including all amendments and supplements thereto) as the Representatives may reasonably request. As used herein, the term “Prospectus Delivery Period” means such period of time after the first date of the public offering of the Shares as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters a prospectus relating to the Shares is required by law to be delivered (or required to be delivered but for Rule 172 under the Securities Act) in connection with sales of the Shares by any Underwriter or dealer.

 

(c)       Amendments or Supplements. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, before filing any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, the Company will furnish to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters a copy of the amendment or supplement for review and will not make, prepare, use, authorize, approve, refer to or file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Representatives reasonably objects.

 

(d)       Notice to the Representatives. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will advise the Representatives promptly, and confirm such advice in writing (which may be delivered via electronic mail), (i) when the Registration Statement has become effective; (ii) when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective; (iii) when any supplement to the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication or any amendment to the Prospectus has been filed or distributed; (iv) of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus or the receipt of any comments from the Commission relating to the Registration Statement or any other request by the Commission for any additional information including, but not limited to, any request for information concerning any Testing-the-Waters Communication; (v) of the issuance by the Commission or any other governmental or regulatory authority of any order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any of the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act; (vi) of the occurrence of any event or development within the Prospectus Delivery Period as a result of which the Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication as then amended or supplemented would contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading; and (vii) of the receipt by the Company of any notice with respect to any suspension of the qualification of the Shares for offer and sale in any jurisdiction or the written initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; and the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any of the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication or suspending any such qualification of the Shares and, if any such order is issued, will use its reasonable best efforts to obtain as soon as possible the withdrawal thereof.

 

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(e)       Ongoing Compliance. (1) If during the Prospectus Delivery Period (i) any event or development shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading or (ii) it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with law, the Company will promptly notify the Underwriters thereof and promptly prepare and, subject to paragraph (c) above, file with the Commission and furnish to the Underwriters and to such dealers as the Representatives may designate such amendments or supplements to the Prospectus (or any document to be filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference therein) as may be necessary so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented (or any document to be filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference therein) will not, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Prospectus will comply with law and (2) if at any time prior to the Closing Date (i) any event or development shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Pricing Disclosure Package as then amended or supplemented would contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Pricing Disclosure Package is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading or (ii) it is necessary to amend or supplement the Pricing Disclosure Package to comply with law, the Company will promptly notify the Underwriters thereof and promptly prepare and, subject to paragraph (c) above, file with the Commission (to the extent required) and furnish to the Underwriters and to such dealers as the Representatives may designate, such amendments or supplements to the Pricing Disclosure Package (or any document to be filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference therein) as may be necessary so that the statements in the Pricing Disclosure Package as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Pricing Disclosure Package is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Pricing Disclosure Package will comply with law.

 

(f)       Blue Sky Compliance. The Company will qualify the Shares for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives shall reasonably request and will continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for distribution of the Shares; provided that the Company shall not be required to (i) qualify as a foreign corporation or other entity or as a dealer in securities in any such jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to so qualify, (ii) file any general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction or (iii) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction if it is not otherwise so subject.

 

(g)       Earning Statement. The Company will make generally available to its security holders and the Representatives as soon as practicable an earning statement that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 of the Commission promulgated thereunder covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company occurring after the “effective date” (as defined in Rule 158) of the Registration Statement.

 

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(h)       Clear Market. For a period of 90 days after the date of the Prospectus (the “Lock-Up Period”), the Company will not (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or submit to, or file with, the Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any shares of Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Stock (collectively with the Stock, the “Lock-Up Securities”), or publicly disclose the intention to undertake any of the foregoing, or (ii) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Lock-Up Securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Lock-Up Securities, in cash or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the Representatives. The restrictions contained in the preceding sentence shall not apply to (A) the Shares to be sold hereunder, (B) the issuance by the Company of shares of Stock upon the conversion or exchange of convertible, exchangeable or exercisable securities outstanding as of the date of this Agreement and described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (C) the issuance by the Company of options to purchase shares of Stock and other equity incentive compensation, including restricted stock or restricted stock units, under stock option or similar plans described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or under stock option or similar plans of companies acquired by the Company in effect on the date of acquisition, (D) any shares of Stock issued upon the exercise of options granted under such stock option or similar plans described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or under stock option or similar plans of companies acquired by the Company in effect on the date of acquisition, (E) the filing by the Company of any registration statement on Form S-8 with the Commission relating to the offering of securities pursuant to the terms of such stock option or similar plans and (F) the issuance by the Company of Lock-Up Securities in connection with an acquisition or business combination, provided that the aggregate number of shares of Stock issued pursuant to this clause (F) during the Lock-Up Period shall not exceed 5% of the total number of shares of Stock issued and outstanding on the closing date of the offering, and provided further that, in the case of any issuance pursuant to this clause (F), any recipient of shares of Stock shall have executed and delivered to the Representatives a lock-up agreement in the form attached as Exhibit A without the prior written consent of the Representatives;

 

(i)       No Stabilization. Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries or affiliates will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares.

 

(j)       Reports. For a period of two years following the date hereof, so long as the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of either Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Company will furnish to the Representatives, as soon as they are available, copies of all reports or other communications (financial or other) furnished to holders of the Shares, and copies of any reports and financial statements furnished to or filed with the Commission or any national securities exchange or automatic quotation system; provided the Company will be deemed to have furnished such reports and financial statements to the Representatives to the extent they are filed on the Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system.

 

(m)        Free Writing Prospectus. The Company will not to use or refer to any Free Writing Prospectus. The Company will not take any action that would result in an Underwriter or the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act a Free Writing Prospectus prepared by or on behalf of the Underwriter that the Underwriter otherwise would not have been required to file thereunder.

 

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(n)       Emerging Growth Company. The Company will promptly notify the Representatives if the Company ceases to be an Emerging Growth Company at any time prior to the later of (i) completion of the distribution of Shares within the meaning of the Securities Act and (ii) completion of the 90-day restricted period referred to in Section 5(h) hereof.

 

6.                   Further Agreements of the Selling Stockholder. The Selling Stockholder covenants and agrees with each Underwriter that:

 

(a)       Lock-Up Agreement. The Selling Stockholder has duly executed and delivered to the Representatives a “lock-up” agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto.

 

(b)       No Stabilization. The Selling Stockholder will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company in connection with the offering to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares.

 

(c)       Tax Form. It will deliver to the Representatives prior to or at the Closing Date a properly completed and executed United States Treasury Department Form W-9 (or other applicable form or statement specified by the Treasury Department regulations in lieu thereof) in order to facilitate the Underwriters’ documentation of their compliance with the reporting and withholding provisions of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 with respect to the transactions herein contemplated.

 

(d)       Use of Proceeds. It will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Shares hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to a subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of target of Sanctions, (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions.

 

7.                   Certain Agreements of the Underwriters. Each Underwriter hereby severally and not jointly represents and agrees that:

 

(a)       It will not take any action that would result in the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act a Free Writing Prospectus prepared by or on behalf of such Underwriter that otherwise would not, but for such actions, be required to be filed by the Company under Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act.

 

(b)       It is not subject to any pending proceeding under Section 8A of the Securities Act with respect to the offering (and will promptly notify the Company and the Selling Stockholder if any such proceeding against it is initiated during the Prospectus Delivery Period).

 

8.                   Conditions of Underwriters’ Obligations. The obligation of each Underwriter to purchase the Underwritten Shares on the Closing Date or the Option Shares on the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, as provided herein is subject to the performance by the Company and the Selling Stockholder of their respective covenants and other obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions:

 

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(a)       Registration Compliance; No Stop Order. No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall be in effect, and no proceeding for such purpose or pursuant to Section 8A under the Securities Act shall be pending before or threatened by the Commission; the Prospectus and any Free Writing Prospectus shall have been timely filed with the Commission under the Securities Act (in the case of the Free Writing Prospectus, to the extent required by Rule 433 under the Securities Act) and in accordance with Section 5(a) hereof; and all requests by the Commission for additional information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Representatives.

 

(b)       Representations and Warranties. The respective representations and warranties of the Company and the Selling Stockholder contained herein shall be true and correct (or true and correct in all material respects in the case of representations and warranties qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Change) on the date hereof and on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be; and the statements of the Company and its officers and of the Selling Stockholder and its officers made in any certificates delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall be true and correct on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

 

(c)       No Downgrade. Subsequent to the earlier of (A) the Applicable Time and (B) the execution and delivery of this Agreement, (i) no downgrading shall have occurred in the rating accorded any debt securities, convertible securities or preferred stock issued or guaranteed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization”, as such term is defined under Section 3(a)(62) under the Exchange Act and (ii) no such organization shall have publicly announced that it has under surveillance or review, or has changed its outlook with respect to, its rating of any such debt securities or preferred stock issued or guaranteed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries (other than an announcement with positive implications of a possible upgrading).

 

(d)       No Material Adverse Change. No event or condition of a type described in Section 3(g) hereof shall have occurred or shall exist, which event or condition is not described in the Pricing Disclosure Package (excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the Prospectus (excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the effect of which in the judgment of the Representatives is so material and adverse as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Shares on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, on the terms and in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

 

(e)       Officer’s Certificate. The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, (x) a certificate, on behalf of the Company, of the chief financial officer or chief accounting officer of the Company (i) confirming that such officer has carefully reviewed the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and, to the knowledge of such officer, the representations of the Company set forth in Sections 3(b) and 3(d) hereof are true and correct, (ii) confirming that the other representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct (or true and correct in all material respects in the case of representations and warranties qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Change) and that the Company has complied in all material respects with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and (iii) to the effect set forth in paragraphs (a), (c) and (d) above and (y) a certificate of the Selling Stockholder, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, (A) confirming that the representations of the Selling Stockholder set forth in Sections 4(e), 4(f) and 4(g) hereof is true and correct and (B) confirming that the other representations and warranties of the Selling Stockholder in this agreement are true and correct and that the Selling Stockholder has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to such Closing Date.

  

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(f)       Comfort Letters. On the date of this Agreement and on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, E&Y shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, letters, dated the respective dates of delivery thereof and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, containing statements and information of the type customarily included in accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; provided, that each letter delivered on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall use a “cut-off” date no more than two business days prior to such Closing Date or such Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

 

(g)       Opinion and 10b-5 Statement of Counsel for the Company. Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, their written opinion and 10b-5 statement, dated the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and addressed to the Underwriters, substantially in the form set forth in Annex B-1 hereto.

 

(h)       Opinion of Counsel for the Selling Stockholder. Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, counsel for the Selling Stockholder, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Selling Stockholder, their written opinion, dated the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and addressed to the Underwriters, substantially in the form set forth in Annex B-2 hereto.

 

(i)       Opinion and 10b-5 Statement of Counsel for the Underwriters. The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, an opinion and 10b-5 statement, addressed to the Underwriters, of Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP counsel for the Underwriters, with respect to such matters as the Representatives may reasonably request, and such counsel shall have received such documents and information as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.

 

(j)       No Legal Impediment to Sale. No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authority that would, as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, prevent the sale of the Shares by the Selling Stockholder; and no injunction or order of any federal, state or foreign court shall have been issued that would, as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, prevent the sale of the Shares by the Selling Stockholder.

 

(k)       Good Standing. The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, reasonably satisfactory evidence of the good standing of the Company in its jurisdiction of organization and its good standing in such other jurisdictions, in each case, as the Representatives may reasonably request, in each case in writing or any standard form of telecommunication from the appropriate governmental authorities of such jurisdictions.

  

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(l)       Exchange Listing. The Shares to be delivered on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall have been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance.

 

(m)       Lock-up Agreements. The “lock-up” agreements, each substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, between you, and certain shareholders, officers and directors of the Company as set forth on Annex C hereto, including, the Selling Stockholder, relating to sales and certain other dispositions of shares of Stock or certain other securities, delivered to you on or before the date hereof, shall be full force and effect on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

 

(n)       Additional Documents. On or prior to the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, the Company and the Selling Stockholder shall have furnished to the Representatives such further certificates and documents as the Representatives may reasonably request.

 

All opinions, letters, certificates and evidence mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriters.

 

9.                   Indemnification and Contribution.

 

(a)       Indemnification of the Underwriters by the Company. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls such Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees and other expenses incurred in connection with any suit, action or proceeding or any claim asserted, as such fees and expenses are incurred), joint or several, that arise out of, or are based upon, (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, not misleading, or (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Prospectus, any Free Writing Prospectus, any “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, any “road show” (as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act), or any Pricing Disclosure Package (including any Pricing Disclosure Package that has subsequently been amended), or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in each case except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the Underwriter Information.

 

-24-

 

 

(b)       Indemnification of the Underwriters by the Selling Stockholder. The Selling Stockholder hereunder agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls such Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act to the same extent as the indemnity set forth in paragraph (a) above, in each case only insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to the Selling Stockholder furnished to the Company in writing by, or on behalf of, the Selling Stockholder expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Prospectus, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication or the Pricing Disclosure Package, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Selling Stockholder consists of the Selling Stockholder Information relating to the Selling Stockholder.

 

(c)       Indemnification of the Company and the Selling Stockholder. Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act and the Selling Stockholder to the same extent as the indemnity set forth in paragraph (a) above, but only with respect to any losses, claims, damages or liabilities that arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to such Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by or on behalf of such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Prospectus, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, any “road show” (as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act), or any Pricing Disclosure Package (including any Pricing Disclosure Package that has subsequently been amended), it being understood and agreed upon that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the following information in the Prospectus furnished on behalf of each Underwriter: the concession and reallowance figures appearing in the 6th paragraph under the caption “Underwriting” and the information contained in the second sentence of the first paragraph and the second paragraph under the caption “Underwriting —Price stabilization, Short positions” (collectively, the “Underwriter Information”).

  

-25-

 

 

(d)       Notice and Procedures. If any suit, action, proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against any person in respect of which indemnification may be sought pursuant to the preceding paragraphs of this Section 9, such person (the “Indemnified Person”) shall promptly notify the person against whom such indemnification may be sought (the “Indemnifying Person”) in writing; provided that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have under the preceding paragraphs of this Section 9 except to the extent that it has been materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses) by such failure; and provided, further, that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to an Indemnified Person otherwise than under the preceding paragraphs of this Section 9. If any such proceeding shall be brought or asserted against an Indemnified Person and it shall have notified the Indemnifying Person thereof, the Indemnifying Person shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person (who shall not, without the consent of the Indemnified Person, be counsel to the Indemnifying Person) to represent the Indemnified Person and any others entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Section that the Indemnifying Person may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the fees and expenses in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel related to such proceeding, as incurred. In any such proceeding, any Indemnified Person shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Person unless (i) the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person shall have mutually agreed to the contrary; (ii) the Indemnifying Person has failed within a reasonable time to retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person; (iii) the Indemnified Person shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal defenses available to it that are different from or in addition to those available to the Indemnifying Person; or (iv) the named parties in any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person and it can reasonably conclude that representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them. It is understood and agreed that the Indemnifying Person shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceeding in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to one local counsel in each applicable jurisdiction) for all Indemnified Persons, and that all such reasonable fees and expenses shall be paid or reimbursed as they are incurred. Any such separate firm for any Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and any control persons of such Underwriter shall be designated in writing by J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and any such separate firm for the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and any control persons of the Company shall be designated in writing by the Company and any such separate firm for the Selling Stockholder shall be designated in writing by the Selling Stockholder. The Indemnifying Person shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent, the Indemnifying Person agrees to indemnify each Indemnified Person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement. No Indemnifying Person shall, without the written consent of the Indemnified Person, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party and indemnification could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement (x) includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person, from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding and (y) does not include any statement as to or any admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any Indemnified Person.

 

(e)       Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in paragraphs (a), (b) or (c) above is unavailable to an Indemnified Person or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then each Indemnifying Person under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling Stockholder, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, from the offering of the Shares or (ii) if the allocation provided by the foregoing clause (i) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing clause (i) but also the relative fault of the Company and the Selling Stockholder, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling Stockholder, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the net proceeds (before deducting expenses) received by the Selling Stockholder from the sale of the Shares and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters in connection therewith, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover of the Prospectus bear to the aggregate offering price of the Shares. The relative fault of the Company and the Selling Stockholder, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company and the Selling Stockholder or by the Underwriters and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

 

-26-

 

 

(f)       Limitation on Liability. The Company, the Selling Stockholder and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to paragraph (e) above were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Selling Stockholder or the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in paragraph (e) above. The amount paid or payable by an Indemnified Person as a result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in paragraph (e) above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any reasonable legal or other expenses incurred by such Indemnified Person in connection with any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (e) and (f), in no event shall an Underwriter be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by such Underwriter with respect to the offering of the Shares exceeds the amount of any damages that such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters’ obligations to contribute pursuant to paragraphs (e) and (f) are several in proportion to their respective purchase obligations hereunder and not joint.

 

(g)       Non-Exclusive Remedies. The remedies provided for in paragraphs (a) through (f) above are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any Indemnified Person at law or in equity.

 

10.               Effectiveness of Agreement. This Agreement shall become effective as of the date first written above.

 

11.               Termination. This Agreement may be terminated in the absolute discretion of the Representatives, by notice to the Company and the Selling Stockholder, if after the execution and delivery of this Agreement and on or prior to the Closing Date or, in the case of the Option Shares, prior to the Additional Closing Date (i) trading generally shall have been suspended or materially limited on or by any of the New York Stock Exchange; (ii) trading of any securities issued or guaranteed by the Company shall have been suspended on any exchange or in any over-the-counter market; (iii) a general moratorium on commercial banking activities shall have been declared by federal or New York State authorities; or (iv) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities or any change in financial markets or any calamity or crisis, either within or outside the United States, that, in the judgment of the Representatives, is material and adverse and makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Shares on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, on the terms and in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

 

12.               Defaulting Underwriter.

 

(a)       If, on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, any Underwriter defaults on its obligation to purchase the Shares that it has agreed to purchase hereunder on such date, the non-defaulting Underwriters may in their discretion arrange for the purchase of such Shares by other persons satisfactory to the Company and the Selling Stockholder on the terms contained in this Agreement. If, within 36 hours after any such default by any Underwriter, the non-defaulting Underwriters do not arrange for the purchase of such Shares, then the Company and the Selling Stockholder shall be entitled to a further period of 36 hours within which to procure other persons reasonably satisfactory to the non-defaulting Underwriters to purchase such Shares on such terms. If other persons become obligated or agree to purchase the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter, either the non-defaulting Underwriters or the Company and the Selling Stockholder may postpone the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, for up to five full business days in order to effect any changes that in the opinion of counsel for the Company, counsel for the Selling Stockholder or counsel for the Underwriters may be necessary in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or in any other document or arrangement, and the Company agrees to promptly prepare any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that effects any such changes. As used in this Agreement, the term “Underwriter” includes, for all purposes of this Agreement unless the context otherwise requires, any person not listed in Schedule 1 hereto that, pursuant to this Section 12, purchases Shares that a defaulting Underwriter agreed but failed to purchase.

 

-27-

 

 

(b)       If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the non-defaulting Underwriters, the Company and the Selling Stockholder as provided in paragraph (a) above, the aggregate number of Shares that remain unpurchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, does not exceed one-eleventh of the aggregate number of Shares to be purchased on such date, then the Company and the Selling Stockholder shall have the right to require each non-defaulting Underwriter to purchase the number of Shares that such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder on such date plus such Underwriter’s pro rata share (based on the number of Shares that such Underwriter agreed to purchase on such date) of the Shares of such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters for which such arrangements have not been made.

 

(c)       If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the non-defaulting Underwriters, the Company and the Selling Stockholder as provided in paragraph (a) above, the aggregate number of Shares that remain unpurchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, exceeds one-eleventh of the aggregate amount of Shares to be purchased on such date, or if the Company and the Selling Stockholder shall not exercise the right described in paragraph (b) above, then this Agreement or, with respect to any Additional Closing Date, the obligation of the Underwriters to purchase Shares on the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall terminate without liability on the part of the non-defaulting Underwriters. Any termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 12 shall be without liability on the part of the Company, except that the provisions of Section 9 hereof shall not terminate and shall remain in effect.

 

(d)       Nothing contained herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter of any liability it may have to the Company, the Selling Stockholder or any non-defaulting Underwriter for damages caused by its default.

 

13.               Payment of Expenses.

 

(a)       Whether or not the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, the Company will pay or cause to be paid all out-of-pocket expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder, including without limitation, (i) the costs incident to the authorization, issuance, sale, preparation and delivery of the Shares and any taxes payable in that connection; (ii) the costs incident to the preparation, printing and filing under the Securities Act of the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (including all exhibits, amendments and supplements thereto) and the distribution thereof; (iii) the costs of reproducing and distributing this Agreement; (iv) the fees and expenses of the Company’s counsel and independent accountants; (v) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the registration or qualification and determination of eligibility for investment of the Shares under the laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives may designate and the preparation, printing and distribution of a Blue Sky Memorandum (including the related fees and expenses of counsel for the Underwriters); (vi) the cost of preparing stock certificates; (vii) the costs and charges of any transfer agent and any registrar; (viii) all expenses and application fees incurred in connection with any filing with, and clearance of the offering by, FINRA, provided that the costs and fees of counsel described in clauses (v) and (viii) shall not exceed $50,000; (ix) all expenses (other than air travel expenses) incurred by the Company in connection with any “road show” presentation to potential investors; (x) one-half of all air travel expenses in connection with any “road show” presentation to potential investors, and (xi) all expenses and application fees related to the listing of the Shares on the New York Stock Exchange.

 

-28-

 

  

(b)       Notwithstanding subsection (a), if (i) this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 11, (ii) the Company or the Selling Stockholder for any reason fail to tender the Shares for delivery to the Underwriters, or (iii) the Underwriters decline to purchase the Shares for any reason expressly permitted under this Agreement (other than solely because of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 12 hereof), the Company agrees to reimburse the Underwriters for all out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including the fees and expenses of their counsel) reasonably incurred by the Underwriters in connection with this Agreement and the offering contemplated hereby.

 

14.               Persons Entitled to Benefit of Agreement. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and the officers and directors and any controlling persons referred to herein and the affiliates of each Underwriter referred to in Section 9 hereof. Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any other person any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision contained herein. No purchaser of Shares from any Underwriter shall be deemed to be a successor merely by reason of such purchase.

 

15.               Survival. The respective indemnities, rights of contribution, representations, warranties and agreements of the Company, the Selling Stockholder and the Underwriters contained in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of the Company, the Selling Stockholder or the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement or any certificate delivered pursuant hereto shall survive the delivery of and payment for the Shares and shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any termination of this Agreement or any investigation made by or on behalf of the Company, the Selling Stockholder or the Underwriters or the directors, officers, controlling persons or affiliates referred to in Section 9 hereof.

 

16.               Certain Defined Terms. For purposes of this Agreement, (a) except where otherwise expressly provided, the term “affiliate” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act; (b) the term “business day” means any day other than a day on which banks are permitted or required to be closed in New York City; and (c) the term “subsidiary” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

17.               Compliance with USA Patriot Act. In accordance with the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)), the Underwriters are required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies their respective clients, including the Company and the Selling Stockholder, which information may include the name and address of their respective clients, as well as other information that will allow the Underwriters to properly identify their respective clients.

 

18.               Miscellaneous.

 

(a)       Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if mailed or transmitted and confirmed by any standard form of telecommunication. Notices to the Underwriters shall be given to the Representatives c/o J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, 383 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10179 (fax: (212) 622-8358); Attention: Equity Syndicate Desk; c/o Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282, Attention: Registration Department. Notices to the Company shall be given to it at Vertiv Holdings Co at 1050 Dearborn Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43085, (Fax: (614) 841-6882); Attention: General Counsel; Attention: Legal Department. Notices to the Selling Stockholder shall be given to it at VPE Holdings, LLC, c/o Platinum Equity Advisors, LLC, 360 North Crescent Drive, South Bldg., Beverly Hills, CA 90210 (Fax: 310-712-1863); Attention: John Holland.

 

-29-

 

 

(b)       Governing Law. This Agreement and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

 

(c)       Submission to Jurisdiction. Each of the Company and the Selling Stockholder hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. federal and New York state courts in the Borough of Manhattan in The City of New York in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. Each of the Company and the Selling Stockholder waive any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any such suit or proceeding in such courts. Each of the Company and the Selling Stockholder agree that final judgment in any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such court shall be conclusive and binding upon the Company and the Selling Stockholder, as applicable, and may be enforced in any court to the jurisdiction of which Company and the Selling Stockholder, as applicable, is subject by a suit upon such judgment.

 

(d)       Waiver of Jury Trial. Each of the parties hereto hereby waives any right to trial by jury in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement.

 

(e)       Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes.

 

(i)       In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from such Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

 

(ii)       In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate of such Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

 

As used in this Section 18(e):

 

“BHC Act Affiliate” has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k).

 

“Covered Entity” means any of the following:

 

           (i)           a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b);

 

           (ii)          a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or

 

           (iii)         a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b).

 

“Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable.

 

-30-

 

 

“U.S. Special Resolution Regime” means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

(f)       Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed by any one or more of the parties hereto in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument. The words “execution,” “signed,” “signature,” “delivery,” and words of like import in or relating to this Agreement or any document to be signed in connection with this Agreement shall be deemed to include electronic signatures, deliveries or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature, physical delivery thereof or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, and the parties hereto consent to conduct the transactions contemplated hereunder by electronic means.

 

(g)       Amendments or Waivers. No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, nor any consent or approval to any departure therefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the parties hereto.

 

(h)       Headings. The headings herein are included for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be part of, or to affect the meaning or interpretation of, this Agreement.

 

-31-

 

 

If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please indicate your acceptance of this Agreement by signing in the space provided below.

 

  Very truly yours,
   
  Vertiv Holdings Co
   
  By:     
    Name:
    Title:
   
  VPE HOLDINGS, LLC
   
  By:  
    Name:
    Title:
   
  By:  
    Name:
    Title:
     
  As Selling Stockholder

 

[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement]

 

 

 

 

Accepted: As of the date first written above

 

J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC

 

For itself and on behalf of the
several Underwriters listed
in Schedule 1 hereto.

 

By:  
  Authorized Signatory  

  

 

 

 

Accepted: As of the date first written above  
   
GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC  
   
For itself and on behalf of the
several Underwriters listed
in Schedule 1 hereto.
 
   
By:     
  Authorized Signatory  

 

 

 

 

Schedule 1

 

Underwriter Number of Shares
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC  [    ]
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC [    ]
BofA Securities, Inc. [    ]
Citigroup Global Markets Inc. [    ]
Total 20,000,000

 

- Sch. 1-1

 

 

Schedule 2

 

Significant Subsidiaries

 

 Entity Country of Incorporation
Vertiv Holdings, LLC United States--Delaware
Vertiv Holding Corporation United States – Delaware
Vertiv Intermediate Holding Corporation United States – Delaware
Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation United States – Delaware
Vertiv Group Corporation (DBA: Vertiv Co.) United States – Delaware
Vertiv IT Systems Inc. United States – Delaware

Vertiv International Holdings Designated Activity Company

Vertiv International Designated Activity Company

Ireland 
Chloride Group Limited United Kingdom
Chloride Supplies Limited United Kingdom
Electrical Reliability Services, Inc. United States – California

Emerpowsys, S. de R.L. de C.V.

Emermex S.A. de C.V.

Technologias del Pacifico S.A. de C.V.

Mexico

Vertiv (Hong Kong) Limited

Vertiv (Hong Kong) Holdings Limited

Hong Kong

Vertiv Tech Co. Ltd.

Vertiv Holdings Co. Ltd.

Vertiv Software (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.

Vertiv Tech (Mianyang) Co., Ltd.

China
Vertiv Corporation United States – Ohio
Vertiv (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Singapore
Vertiv Canada ULC Canada
Vertiv Energy Private Limited India
Vertiv Srl+Branches Italy
Vertiv Holdings II Limited United Kingdom
Vertiv Holdings Limited United Kingdom
Vertiv Industrial Systems SAS France
Vertiv Infrastructure Limited United Kingdom
Vertiv Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Mexico
Vertiv Slovakia a.s. Slovakia
Vertiv Sweden AB Sweden
Energy Labs, Inc United States-California
Vertiv (Australia) Pty. Ltd Australia
Vertiv Croatia d.o.o. Croatia
Vertiv Czech Republic s.r.o Czech Republic

Vertiv Gmbh

Vertiv Integrated Systems Gmbh

Germany
Atlas Asia Limited Hong Kong
Vertiv Middle East DMCC Dubai (UAE)
Vertiv Romania S.r.l. Romania

 

Sch. 3-1

 

 

Annex A

 

(a)       Pricing Disclosure Package

 

None.

 

(b)       Pricing Information Provided Orally by Underwriters

 

1.        The Selling Stockholder is selling 20,000,000 shares of Underwritten Shares.

 

2.        The Selling Stockholder has granted an option to the Underwriters to purchase up to an additional 3,000,000 shares of Common Stock.

 

3.        The public offering price per share for the Shares shall be $[ ].

 

Annex A-1

 

 

 

Annex B-1

 

Form of Opinion and 10b-5 Statement of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP,

Counsel for the Company

 

Annex B-1-1

 

 

Annex B-2

 

Form of Opinion of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP for
the Selling Stockholder

 

Annex B-2-1

 

 

Annex C

 

 

 

List of Persons Subject to Lock-Up

 

A. Directors of the Company:

 

1. David M. Cote

2. Rob Johnson

3. Joseph van Dokkum

4. Roger Fradin

5. Jacob Kotzubei

6. Matthew Louie

7. Edward L. Monser

8. Steven S. Reinemund

9. Robin L. Washington

 

B. Officers of the Company:

1. David J. Fallon

2. Giordano Albertazzi

3. Andrew Cole

4. Colin Flannery

5. Jason M. Forcier

6. Sheryl Haislet

7. John Hewitt

8. Patrick Johnson

9. Steve Lalla

10. Stephen Liang

11. Gary Niederpruem

 

C. Selling Stockholder:

 

1. VPE Holdings, LLC

 

D. Other Stockholders:

 

1. Cote SPAC I LLC

2. GS Sponsor LLC

3. GSAH Investors Emp LP

 

Annex C-1

 

 

Annex D

 

Written Testing-the-Waters Communications

 

None.

 

Annex D-1

 

 

Exhibit A

 

FORM OF LOCK-UP AGREEMENT

 

[ ], 2020

 

J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC

GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC
as representatives (the “Representatives”) of
the several Underwriters listed in
Schedule 1 to the Underwriting Agreement
referred to below (collectively, the “Underwriters”)

c/o J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
383 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10179

 

c/o Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
200 West Street
New York, New York 10282

 

 

Re: Vertiv Holdings Co --- Public Offering

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

The undersigned understands that you, as Representatives of the several Underwriters, propose to enter into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Vertiv Holdings Co, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and VPE Holdings, LLC (the “Selling Stockholder”), providing for the public offering (the “Public Offering”) by the several Underwriters named in Schedule 1 to the Underwriting Agreement (collectively, the “Underwriters”), of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Underwriting Agreement.

 

In consideration of the Underwriters’ agreement to purchase and make the Public Offering of the Common Stock and for other good and valuable consideration receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, on behalf of the Underwriters, the undersigned will not, and will not cause any direct or indirect affiliate to, during the period beginning on the date of this letter agreement (this “Letter Agreement”) and ending at the close of business on the date that is 90 days after the date of the final prospectus relating to the Public Offering (the “Prospectus”) (such period, the “Restricted Period”), (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of the Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock (including without limitation, Common Stock or such other securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by the undersigned in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and securities which may be issued upon exercise of a stock option or warrant) (collectively with the Common Stock, the “Lock-Up Securities”), (2) enter into any hedging, swap or other agreement or transaction that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Lock-Up Securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of Lock-Up Securities, in cash or otherwise, (3) take any action that shall require the Company to file with the Commission a registration statement under the Act relating to the Lock-Up Securities during the Restricted Period; provided that, the Company may make a confidential or non-public submission with the Commission of a registration statement under the Act relating to the Lock-Up Securities during the Restricted Period, so long as any such confidential or non-public submission shall not become a publicly available registration statement during the Restricted Period, or (4) publicly disclose the intention to do any of the foregoing. The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the foregoing precludes the undersigned from engaging in any hedging or other transactions or arrangements (including, without limitation, any short sale or the purchase or sale of, or entry into, any put or call option, or combination thereof, forward, swap or any other derivative transaction or instrument, however described or defined) designed or intended, or which could reasonably be expected to lead to or result in, a sale or disposition or transfer (whether by the undersigned or any other person) of any economic consequences of ownership, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, of any Lock-Up Securities, whether any such transaction or arrangement (or instrument provided for thereunder) would be settled by delivery of Lock-Up Securities, in cash or otherwise.

 

 

 

 

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the undersigned may, or may cause any direct or indirect affiliate to, transfer the undersigned’s Lock-Up Securities:

 

(A)     to be sold by the undersigned pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement in connection with the Public Offering;

 

(B)     as a bona fide gift, gifts or charitable contributions or for bona fide estate planning purposes;

 

(C)      to limited partners, members, stockholders or other equity holders of the undersigned, or to limited partners, members, stockholders or other equity holders of any such persons, or to the estate of any such persons;

 

(D)     to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the immediate family of the undersigned (for purposes of this Letter Agreement, “immediate family” shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage, domestic partnership or adoption, not more remote than first cousins);

 

(E)      to the undersigned’s affiliates or to any investment fund or other entity controlled or managed by the undersigned;

 

(F)      at death by will, other testamentary document or intestate succession to the legal representative, heir, beneficiary or a member of the immediate family of the undersigned; and

 

(G)     as part of a sale of the undersigned’s Lock-Up Securities acquired in open market transactions after the closing date for the Public Offering;

 

provided that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to clauses (B) through (F), (i) any such transfer or distribution is not “for value”, and (ii) each donee, distributee or transferee, as applicable, shall execute and deliver to the Representatives a lock-up letter substantially in the form of this Letter Agreement, with a term lasting for the balance of the Restricted Period; and provided, further, that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to clauses (B) through (G), no filing by any party to such transfer or distribution (donor, donee, devisee, transferor, transferee, distributer or distributee) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), reporting a reduction in the beneficial ownership thereof or other public announcement shall be required or shall be made voluntarily in connection with such transfer or distribution, in each case during the Restricted Period (other than a filing on Form 5 made after the expiration of the Restricted Period).

 

-3- 

 

 

Furthermore, notwithstanding the restrictions contained above, the undersigned may, or may cause any direct or indirect affiliate to, without the prior written consent of the Representatives:

 

(i)       exercise an option to purchase shares of Lock-Up Securities granted under any stock incentive plan or stock purchase plan of the Company in effect on the date hereof as described in the Registration Statement and the Preliminary Prospectus or exercise a warrant to purchase shares of Lock-Up Securities; provided that, in each case, any shares of Lock-Up Securities received by the undersigned upon such exercise shall be subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Letter Agreement for the balance of the Restricted Period; and provided, further, that if the undersigned is required to file a report under Section 16 of the Exchange Act during the Restricted Period, then any such filing shall reasonably indicate in the footnotes thereto that (a) the filing relates to the circumstances described in this clause (i), (b) no shares were sold by the reporting person and (c) the shares received upon exercise of the option are subject to a lock-up agreement with the Underwriters of the Public Offering;

 

(ii)       transfer the undersigned’s Lock-Up Securities or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Lock-Up Securities to the Company pursuant to any contractual arrangement in effect on the date hereof that provides for the repurchase of the undersigned’s Lock-Up Securities or such other securities by the Company or in connection with the termination of the undersigned’s employment with the Company; provided that, in the case of any transfer pursuant to this clause (ii), any public reports or filings, including filings under the Exchange Act, that shall be required to be made in connection with such transfer, shall reasonably indicate in the footnotes thereto the reason for such transfer pursuant to the circumstances described in this clause (ii);

 

(iii)       transfer the undersigned’s Lock-Up Securities or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Lock-Up Securities or any restricted stock to the Company in connection with a vesting event of the Company’s securities or upon the exercise of options to purchase the Company’s securities, on a “cashless” or “net exercise” basis or to cover tax withholding in connection with such vesting or exercise; provided that (x) the underlying shares shall continue to be subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Letter Agreement for the balance of the Restricted Period, and (y) to the extent any filing by, or on behalf of, any party (donor, donee, transferor or transferee) under the Exchange Act shall be required to be made with respect to such transfer, such filing shall reasonably indicate in the footnotes thereto that the purpose of such transfer is to cover such tax withholding obligations or the payment of taxes due in connection with the vesting event, and no other public announcement shall be required or shall be made voluntarily in connection with such disposition;

 

(iv)       establish a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of Lock-Up Securities; provided that (x) such plan does not provide for any transfers of Lock-Up Securities, and (y) no filing under the Exchange Act or other public announcement shall be required or voluntarily made by the undersigned or any other person in connection therewith, in each case, during the Restricted Period;

 

(v)       by operation of law pursuant to a qualified domestic order or pursuant to a divorce settlement or any other court order; provided that no filing under the Exchange Act or other public announcement shall be required or voluntarily made by the undersigned or any other person in connection therewith, in each case during the Restricted Period; and

 

-4- 

 

 

(vi)      transfer the undersigned’s Lock-Up Securities or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Lock-Up Securities pursuant to a bona fide third-party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction following the Public Offering that is approved by the Board of Directors of the Company and that is made to all holders of the Company’s Common Stock involving a Change of Control (as defined below) of the Company; provided, that, in the event that such tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction is not completed, all such securities shall remain subject to the provisions of this Letter Agreement.  For purposes of this Letter Agreement “Change of Control” shall mean the transfer (whether by tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, to a person or group of affiliated persons, of securities representing not less than a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Company.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the undersigned shall be permitted to make required filings on a Schedule 13D, Schedule 13F or Schedule 13G under the Exchange Act.

 

In furtherance of the foregoing, the Company, and any duly appointed transfer agent for the registration or transfer of the Lock-Up Securities described herein, are hereby authorized to decline to make any transfer of Lock-Up Securities if such transfer would constitute a violation or breach of this Letter Agreement.

 

The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this Letter Agreement. All authority herein conferred or agreed to be conferred and any obligations of the undersigned shall be binding upon the successors, assigns, heirs or personal representatives of the undersigned.

 

The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters have not provided any recommendation or investment advice nor have the Underwriters solicited any action from the undersigned with respect to the Public Offering of the Securities and the undersigned has consulted their own legal, accounting, financial, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent deemed appropriate. The undersigned further acknowledges and agrees that, although the Representatives may be required or choose to provide certain Regulation Best Interest and Form CRS disclosures to you in connection with the Public Offering, the Representatives and the other Underwriters are not making a recommendation to you to participate in the Public Offering, enter into this Letter Agreement, or sell any Shares at the price determined in the Public Offering, and nothing set forth in such disclosures is intended to suggest that the Representatives or any Underwriter is making such a recommendation.

 

The undersigned understands that this Letter Agreement shall automatically terminate and the undersigned shall be released from all obligations hereunder if (i) the Underwriting Agreement does not become effective by September 30, 2020, or if the Underwriting Agreement (other than the provisions thereof which survive termination) shall terminate or be terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the Lock-Up Securities to be sold thereunder, (ii) the Representatives advise the Company and the Selling Stockholder in writing that the Representatives have determined not to proceed with the Public Offering or (iii) the Company advises the Representatives in writing that the Company has determined not to proceed with the Public Offering. The undersigned understands that the Underwriters are entering into the Underwriting Agreement and proceeding with the Public Offering in reliance upon this Letter Agreement.

 

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This Letter Agreement and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Letter Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

 

  Very truly yours,
   
  [NAME OF DIRECTOR, OFFICER OR
  STOCKHOLDER]
   
  By:  
    Name:
    Title:

 

- Exhibit A-1 -

 

 

Exhibit B

 

Testing the waters authorization (to be delivered by the issuer to J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, BofA Securities, Inc. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. in email or letter form)

 

In reliance on Section 5(d) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), Vertiv Holdings Co (the “Issuer”) hereby authorizes (i) J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“J.P. Morgan”) and its affiliates and their respective employees, (ii) Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“Goldman”) and its affiliates and their respective employees, (iii) BofA Securities, Inc. (“BofA”) and its affiliates and their respective employees, and (iv) Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (“Citi”) and its affiliates and their respective employees, in each case, to engage on behalf of the Issuer in oral and written communications with potential investors that are “qualified institutional buyers”, as defined in Rule 144A under the Act, or institutions that are “accredited investors”, within the meaning of Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Act, to determine whether such investors might have an interest in the Issuer’s contemplated offering (“Testing-the-Waters Communications”). A “Written Testing-the Waters Communication” means any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Act. Each of J.P. Morgan, Goldman, BofA and Citi, individually and not jointly, agrees that it shall not distribute any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication that has not been approved by the Issuer.

 

The Issuer represents that it is an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Act (“Emerging Growth Company”) and agrees to promptly notify J.P. Morgan, Goldman, BofA and Citi, in writing if the Issuer hereafter ceases to be an Emerging Growth Company while this authorization is in effect. If at any time following the distribution of any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication there occurs an event or development as a result of which such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Issuer will promptly notify J.P. Morgan, Goldman, BofA and Citi and will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication to eliminate or correct such untrue statement or omission.

 

Nothing in this authorization is intended to limit or otherwise affect the ability of (i) J.P. Morgan and its affiliates and their respective employees, (ii) Goldman and its affiliates and their respective employees, (iii) BofA Securities, Inc. and its affiliates and their respective employees, and (iv) Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and its affiliates and their respective employees to engage in communications in which they could otherwise lawfully engage in the absence of this authorization, including, without limitation, any written communication containing only one or more of the statements specified under Rule 134(a) under the Act. This authorization shall remain in effect until the Issuer has provided to J.P. Morgan, Goldman, BofA and Citi a written notice revoking this authorization. All notices as described herein shall be sent by email to the attention of (i) J.P. Morgan at daniel.schafer@jpmorgan.com and eugene.y.sohn@jpmorgan.com, (ii) Goldman at Hamish.Douglas@ny.ibd.email.gs.com, BofA, at: abhijit.bhide@bofa.com and Citi at Dylan.tornay@citi.com.

 

- Exhibit B-1 -

 

 

Exhibit 2.1

 

Annex A

 

 

AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

 

by and among

 

GS ACQUISITION HOLDINGS CORP,

 

CREW MERGER SUB I LLC,

 

CREW MERGER SUB II LLC,

 

VERTIV HOLDINGS, LLC

 

and

 

VPE HOLDINGS, LLC

 

dated as of December 10, 2019

 

 

 

 

 

  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Article I

 

THE CLOSING TRANSACTIONS

 

1.1 Closing A-2
     
1.2 Parent Financing Certificate A-3
     
1.3 Closing Documents A-3
     
1.4 Closing Transactions A-4
 
Article II
 
THE MERGERS
     
2.1 Effective Times A-4
     
2.2 The Mergers A-5
     
2.3 Effect of the Mergers A-5
     
2.4 Governing Documents A-5
     
2.5 Managers and Officers of the First Surviving LLC and the Second Surviving LLC A-5
     
2.6 Merger Consideration A-6
     
2.7 Effect of the First Merger on Membership Interests of the Company A-6
     
2.8 Effect of the Second Merger on Membership Interests of First Surviving LLC A-7
     
2.9 Adjustment Escrow Deposit A-7
     
2.10 Closing Calculations A-7
     
2.11 Adjustment A-8
     
2.12 Tax Treatment of the Mergers A-10
     
2.13 Withholding Taxes A-10
     
2.14 Taking of Necessary Action; Further Action A-11
 
Article III
 
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE SELLER
     
3.1 Organization and Qualification A-11
     
3.2 Authority Relative to this Agreement A-11
     
3.3 Ownership A-11
     
3.4 Investment A-12
     
3.5 Disclaimer of Other Warranties A-12
 
Article IV
 
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
     
4.1 Organization and Qualification A-13
     
4.2 Company Subsidiaries A-13
     
4.3 Capitalization of the Company A-14
     
4.4 Authority Relative to this Agreement A-15
     
4.5 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents A-15
     
4.6 Compliance; Approvals A-16
     
4.7 Government Contracts A-16
     
4.8 Financial Statements A-17

 

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4.9 No Undisclosed Liabilities A-17
     
4.10 Holding Company A-17
     
4.11 Absence of Certain Changes or Events A-17
     
4.12 Litigation A-18
     
4.13 Employee Benefit Plans A-18
     
4.14 Labor Matters A-20
     
4.15 Real Property; Tangible Property A-21
     
4.16 Taxes A-22
     
4.17 Environmental Matters A-24
     
4.18 Brokers; Third Party Expenses A-25
     
4.19 Intellectual Property A-25
     
4.20 Privacy A-27
     
4.21 Agreements, Contracts and Commitments A-28
     
4.22 Insurance A-29
     
4.23 Interested Party Transactions A-29
     
4.24 Information Supplied A-30
     
4.25 Indebtedness A-30
     
4.26 Anti-Bribery; Anti-Corruption A-30
     
4.27 International Trade; Sanctions A-31
     
4.28 Customers and Suppliers A-31
     
4.29 Product Liabilities and Recalls A-31
     
4.30 Disclaimer of Other Warranties A-32
 
Article V
 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB AND

SECOND MERGER SUB  

 
5.1 Organization and Qualification A-33
     
5.2 Parent Subsidiaries A-33
     
5.3 Capitalization A-33
     
5.4 Authority Relative to this Agreement A-35
     
5.5 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents A-35
     
5.6 Compliance; Approvals A-36
     
5.7 Parent SEC Reports and Financial Statements A-36
     
5.8 Absence of Certain Changes or Events A-37
     
5.9 Litigation A-37
     
5.10 Business Activities A-37
     
5.11 Parent Material Contracts A-37
     
5.12 Parent Listing A-37
     
5.13 PIPE Investment Amount A-38
     
5.14 Trust Account A-38
     
5.15 Taxes A-39
     
5.16 Information Supplied A-40
     
5.17 Employees; Benefit Plans A-40
     
5.18 Board Approval; Stockholder Vote A-40
     
5.19 Title to Assets A-40
     
5.20 Affiliate Transactions A-40
     
5.21 Brokers A-40
     
5.22 Disclaimer of Other Warranties A-40

  

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Article VI
 
CONDUCT PRIOR TO THE CLOSING DATE
     
6.1 Conduct of Business by the Company and the Company Subsidiaries A-41
     
6.2 Conduct of Business by Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub A-44
 
Article VII
 
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
     
7.1 Proxy Statement; Special Meeting A-46
     
7.2 Certain Regulatory Matters A-48
     
7.3 Other Filings; Press Release A-48
     
7.4 Confidentiality; Communications Plan; Access to Information A-49
     
7.5 Reasonable Best Efforts A-50
     
7.6 No Parent Securities Transactions A-50
     
7.7 No Claim Against Trust Account A-50
     
7.8 Disclosure of Certain Matters A-50
     
7.9 Securities Listing A-51
     
7.10 No Solicitation A-51
     
7.11 Trust Account A-51
     
7.12 Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance A-52
     
7.13 280G Approval A-53
     
7.14 Tax Matters A-53
     
7.15 Subscription Agreements A-54
     
7.16 Section 16 Matters A-54
     
7.17 Qualification as an Emerging Growth Company A-54
     
7.18 Board of Directors A-55
     
7.19 R&W Insurance Policy A-55
     
7.20 Deleveraging Amount A-55
     
7.21 Incentive Equity Awards A-55
     
7.22 Release A-55
     
7.23 Treatment of VGC Notes A-56
     
7.24 Existing Credit Agreement Consents A-57
     
7.25 Payment of Management Transaction Bonuses A-57
 
Article VIII
 
CONDITIONS TO THE TRANSACTION
     
8.1 Conditions to Obligations of Each Party’s Obligations A-57
     
8.2 Additional Conditions to Obligations of the Seller and the Company A-58
     
8.3 Additional Conditions to the Obligations of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub A-59
 
Article IX
 
TERMINATION
     
9.1 Termination A-60
     
9.2 Notice of Termination; Effect of Termination A-61

 

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Article X
 
NO SURVIVAL
     
10.1 No Survival A-61
 
Article XI
 
GENERAL PROVISIONS
     
11.1 Notices A-62
     
11.2 Interpretation A-63
     
11.3 Counterparts; Electronic Delivery A-63
     
11.4 Entire Agreement; Third Party Beneficiaries A-63
     
11.5 Severability A-63
     
11.6 Other Remedies; Specific Performance A-63
     
11.7 Governing Law A-64
     
11.8 Consent to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial A-64
     
11.9 Rules of Construction A-65
     
11.10 Expenses A-65
     
11.11 Assignment A-65
     
11.12 Amendment A-65
     
11.13 Extension; Waiver A-65
     
11.14 No Recourse A-65
     
11.15 Legal Representation A-66
     
11.16 Disclosure Letters and Exhibits A-66
   
EXHIBITS  
     
Exhibit A Form of Parent A&R Charter  
     
Exhibit B Form of Parent A&R Bylaws  
     
Exhibit C Form of A&R Registration Rights Agreement  
     
Exhibit D Form of Stockholders Agreement  
     
Exhibit E Form of Tax Receivable Agreement  
     
Exhibit F Form of Participation Plan Release  
     
Exhibit G Form of Incentive Equity Plan  
     
Exhibit H Form of Escrow Agreement  
   
SCHEDULES  
     
Schedule A Defined Terms  

  

A-iv

 

 

AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER

 

THIS AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER is made and entered into as of December 10, 2019, by and among GS Acquisition Holdings Corp, a Delaware corporation (“Parent”), Crew Merger Sub I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent (“First Merger Sub”), Crew Merger Sub II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent (“Second Merger Sub”), Vertiv Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), and VPE Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Seller”). Each of Parent, First Merger Sub, Second Merger Sub, the Company and the Seller shall individually be referred to herein as a “Party” and, collectively, the “Parties”. The term “Agreement” as used herein refers to this Agreement and Plan of Merger, as the same may be amended from time to time, and all schedules, exhibits and annexes hereto (including the Company Disclosure Letter and the Parent Disclosure Letter, as defined herein). Defined terms used in this Agreement are listed alphabetically in Schedule A, together with the section and, if applicable, subsection in which the definition of each such term is located.

 

RECITALS

 

WHEREAS, Parent is a special purpose acquisition company incorporated in Delaware for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses;

 

WHEREAS, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement and in accordance with the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (as amended, the “DLLCA”) and other applicable Legal Requirements (collectively, as applicable based on context, the “Applicable Legal Requirements”), the Parties intend to enter into a business combination transaction by which: (a) First Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company (the “First Merger”), with the Company being the surviving entity of the First Merger (the Company, in its capacity as the surviving entity of the First Merger, is sometimes referred to as the “First Surviving LLC”); and (b) immediately following the First Merger and as part of the same overall transaction as the First Merger, the First Surviving LLC will merge with and into Second Merger Sub (the “Second Merger” and, together with the First Merger, the “Mergers”), with Second Merger Sub being the surviving entity of the Second Merger (Second Merger Sub, in its capacity as the surviving entity of the Second Merger, is sometimes referred to as the “Second Surviving LLC”);

 

WHEREAS, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, each of the Parties intends that the First Merger and the Second Merger, taken together, will constitute an integrated transaction that qualifies as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations, and that this Agreement be, and hereby is, adopted as a “plan of reorganization” for the purposes of Section 368 of the Code and Treasury Regulations Section 1.368-2(g);

 

WHEREAS, the board of managers of the Company has unanimously: (a) determined that it is in the best interests of the Company and the Seller, as the sole member of the Company, and declared it advisable, to enter into this Agreement providing for the Mergers in accordance with the DLLCA; (b) approved this Agreement and the Transactions, including the Mergers, in accordance with the DLLCA on the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement; and (c) adopted a resolution recommending the plan of merger set forth in this Agreement be adopted by the Seller, as the sole member of the Company;

 

WHEREAS, the Seller, as the sole member of the Company, has approved and adopted this Agreement, the First Merger and the other Transactions in accordance with Section 18-209 of the DLLCA (the “Company Member Approval”);

  

A-1

 

 

WHEREAS, the board of directors of Parent has unanimously: (a) determined that it is in the best interests of Parent and the stockholders of Parent, and declared it advisable, to enter into this Agreement providing for the Mergers in accordance with the DLLCA; (b) approved this Agreement and the Transactions, including the Mergers, in accordance with the DLLCA on the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement; and (c) adopted a resolution recommending the plan of merger set forth in this Agreement be adopted by the stockholders of Parent (the “Parent Recommendation”);

 

WHEREAS, prior to the Closing, Parent shall: (a) subject to obtaining the approval of the Parent Stockholder Matters, adopt the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Parent (the “Parent A&R Charter”) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A; and (b) adopt the Amended and Restated Bylaws of Parent (the “Parent A&R Bylaws”) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B, in each case, to be effective as of the Closing;

 

WHEREAS, on or about the date hereof, Parent has entered into subscription agreements with certain investors for such investors to purchase shares of Parent Class A Stock (as defined herein) (the “PIPE Investment”), such purchases to be consummated immediately prior to the consummation of the Transactions;

 

WHEREAS, in connection with the consummation of the First Merger, (i) Parent, the Seller, the sole member of GS Sponsor and certain other persons named therein will enter into an amended and restated Registration Rights Agreement (the “A&R Registration Rights Agreement”) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C and (ii) Parent, the Seller and GS Sponsor will enter into a Stockholders Agreement (the “Stockholders Agreement”) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit D;

 

WHEREAS, in connection with the consummation of the First Merger, Parent and the Seller will enter into a Tax Receivable Agreement (the “Tax Receivable Agreement”) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit E;

 

WHEREAS, as an inducement to Parent’s willingness to enter into this Agreement, prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, Vertiv Holding Corporation, a Delaware corporation and the direct subsidiary of the Company, will enter into a Participation Plan Release in the form attached hereto as Exhibit F (the “Participation Plan Release”) with certain individuals employed by a Group Company as of the Closing Date and who are party to grant agreements under the Vertiv Holding Corporation 2017 Transaction Exit Bonus Plan (the “Participation Plan”), pursuant to which each such individual releases Vertiv Holding Corporation (and its successors) from all claims with respect to amounts due under the Participation Plan in exchange for a right to receive a lump sum cash payment following the Closing in an amount set forth in the Participation Plan Release;

 

WHEREAS, as an inducement to Parent’s willingness to enter into this Agreement, certain members of management of the Company have agreed to invest a portion of the cash proceeds that they will receive pursuant to such individual’s Participation Plan Release immediately following the Closing; and

 

WHEREAS, prior to the Closing, Parent intends to approve and adopt a new stock incentive plan in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit G pursuant to which Parent Class A Common Stock will be issuable.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants, promises and representations set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:

  

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ARTICLE I

 

THE CLOSING TRANSACTIONS

 

1.1 Closing. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, the consummation of the Transactions (the “Closing”) shall occur by electronic exchange of documents at a time and date to be specified in writing by the Parties, which shall be no later than the third (3rd) Business Day after the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Article VIII (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of those conditions); provided that, if the Closing has not occurred on or prior to February 14, 2020, then subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the Conditions set forth in Article VIII at such time (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of those conditions) the Closing shall occur no earlier than the date that is the third Business Day following delivery of the Required Financial Information. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Closing may occur at such other time, date and location as the Parties agree in writing (the date on which the Closing occurs, the “Closing Date”). The Parties agree that the Closing signatures may be transmitted by email pdf files.

 

1.2 Parent Financing Certificate. Not more than four (4) Business Days prior to the Closing, Parent shall deliver to the Seller written notice (the “Parent Financing Certificate”) setting forth: (a) the aggregate amount of cash proceeds that will be required to satisfy any exercise of the Parent Stockholder Redemptions; (b) the estimated amount of Parent Cash and Parent Transaction Costs as of the Closing; and (c) the number of shares of Parent Class A Stock to be outstanding as of the Closing after giving effect to the Parent Stockholder Redemptions and the issuance of shares of Parent Class A Stock pursuant to the Subscription Agreements and the terms of this Agreement.

 

1.3 Closing Documents

 

(a) At the Closing, Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub shall, as applicable, deliver to the Seller:

 

(i) a certified copy of the Parent A&R Charter issued by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware;

 

(ii) a certificate, dated as of the Closing Date, signed by the Secretary of Parent certifying that the bylaws of the Parent attached thereto is a true and correct copy of the Parent A&R Bylaws in effect at the Closing;

 

(iii) a copy of the A&R Registration Rights Agreement, duly executed by Parent, GS Sponsor and the Seller;

 

(iv) a copy of the Second Certificate of Merger, duly executed by the Second Merger Sub;

 

(v) copies of resolutions and actions taken by Parent’s, First Merger Sub’s and Second Merger Sub’s board of directors, board of managers, stockholders and members, as applicable, in connection with the approval of this Agreement and the Transactions;

 

(vi) a copy of the Escrow Agreement, duly executed by Parent and the Escrow Agent;

 

(vii) a copy of the Stockholders Agreement, duly executed by Parent, GS Sponsor and the Seller;

 

(viii) a copy of the Tax Receivable Agreement, duly executed by Parent; and

 

(ix) (A) all other documents, instruments or certificates required to be delivered by Parent at or prior to the Closing pursuant to Section 8.2; and (B) such other documents or certificates as shall reasonably be required by the Seller and its counsel in order to consummate the Transactions.

 

(b) At the Closing, the Seller or the Company, as applicable, shall deliver to Parent:

 

(i) a copy of the First Certificate of Merger, duly executed by the Company;

 

(ii) a copy of the A&R Registration Rights Agreement, duly executed by the Seller;

 

(iii) a copy of the Escrow Agreement, duly executed by the Seller;

 

(iv) a copy of the Tax Receivable Agreement, duly executed by the Seller;

  

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(v) a copy of the Stockholders Agreement, duly executed by the Seller;

 

(vi) copies of resolutions and actions taken by the Company’s board of managers and the Seller, as the sole member of the Company, in connection with the approval of this Agreement and the Transactions; and

 

(vii) (A) all other documents, instruments or certificates required to be delivered by the Seller or the Company at or prior to the Closing pursuant to Section 8.3; and (B) such other documents or certificates as shall reasonably be required by Parent and its counsel in order to consummate the Transactions.

 

1.4 Closing Transactions. At the Closing and on the Closing Date, the Parties shall cause the consummation of the following transactions upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement:

 

(a) Parent shall make any payments required to be made by Parent in connection with the Parent Stockholder Redemption (the “Parent Stockholder Redemption Payments”);

 

(b) Parent shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Seller (i) the Closing Cash Payment Amount minus the Adjustment Escrow Amount by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the bank account of the Seller specified in the Pre-Closing Statement; and (ii) the Closing Number of Securities;

 

(c) The certificate of merger with respect to the First Merger shall be prepared and executed in accordance with the relevant provisions of the DLLCA (the “First Certificate of Merger”) shall be filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware;

 

(d) Immediately following the acceptance for filing by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware of the First Certificate of Merger, the certificate of merger with respect to the Second Merger shall be prepared and executed in accordance with the relevant provisions of the DLLCA (the “Second Certificate of Merger” and, together with the First Certificate of Merger, the “Certificates of Merger”) shall be filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware;

 

(e) Parent shall deposit (or cause to be deposited) with the Escrow Agent the Adjustment Escrow Amount;

 

(f) Parent shall (on behalf of the Company) pay, or, cause to be paid, all Estimated Company Transaction Costs, to the applicable payees as set forth in the Pre-Closing Statement, by wire of immediately available funds; provided that the Estimated Company Transaction Costs may be paid promptly after the Closing Date as necessary; and

 

(g) Parent shall make or cause to be made the transfers described in Section 7.20.

 

ARTICLE II

 

THE MERGERS

 

2.1 Effective Times. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, on the Closing Date, the Company and First Merger Sub shall cause the First Merger to be consummated by filing the First Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, in accordance with the applicable provisions of the DLLCA (the time of such filing, or such later time as may be agreed in writing by the Company and Parent and specified in the First Certificate of Merger, being the “Effective Time”). As soon as practicable following the Effective Time and in any case on the same day as the Effective Time, the First Surviving LLC and Second Merger Sub shall cause the Second Merger to be consummated by filing the Second Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, in accordance with the applicable provisions of the DLLCA (the time of such filing, or such later time as may be agreed in writing by the Company and Parent and specified in the Second Certificate of Merger, being the “Second Effective Time”).

 

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2.2 The Mergers.

 

(a) At the Effective Time, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the DLLCA, First Merger Sub and the Company shall consummate the First Merger, pursuant to which First Merger Sub shall be merged with and into the Company, following which the separate existence of First Merger Sub shall cease and the Company shall continue as the First Surviving LLC after the First Merger and as a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent (provided that references to the Company for periods after the Effective Time until the Second Effective Time shall include the First Surviving LLC).

 

(b) At the Second Effective Time, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the DLLCA, the First Surviving LLC shall be merged with and into Second Merger Sub, following which the separate existence of the First Surviving LLC shall cease and Second Merger Sub shall continue as the Second Surviving LLC after the Second Merger and as a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent (provided, that references to the Company or the First Surviving LLC for periods after the Second Effective Time shall include the Second Surviving LLC).

 

2.3 Effect of the Mergers.

 

(a) At the Effective Time, the effect of the First Merger shall be as provided in this Agreement, the First Certificate of Merger and the applicable provisions of the DLLCA. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and subject thereto, at the Effective Time, all the property, rights, privileges, agreements, powers and franchises, debts, liabilities, duties and obligations of First Merger Sub and the Company shall become the property, rights, privileges, agreements, powers and franchises, debts, liabilities, duties and obligations of the First Surviving LLC, which shall include the assumption by the First Surviving LLC of any and all agreements, covenants, duties and obligations of First Merger Sub and the Company set forth in this Agreement to be performed after the Effective Time.

 

(b) At the Second Effective Time, the effect of the Second Merger shall be as provided in this Agreement, the Second Certificate of Merger and the applicable provisions of the DLLCA. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and subject thereto, at the Second Effective Time, all the property, rights, privileges, agreements, powers and franchises, debts, liabilities, duties and obligations of Second Merger Sub and the First Surviving LLC shall become the property, rights, privileges, agreements, powers and franchises, debts, liabilities, duties and obligations of the Second Surviving LLC, which shall include the assumption by the Second Surviving LLC of any and all agreements, covenants, duties and obligations of Second Surviving LLC and the First Surviving LLC set forth in this Agreement to be performed after the Second Effective Time.

 

2.4 Governing Documents. The certificate of formation and limited liability company agreement of First Merger Sub as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time shall be the certificate of formation and limited liability company agreement of the First Surviving LLC from and after the Effective Time until thereafter amended in accordance with its terms and as provided by Applicable Legal Requirements, except that the name of the First Surviving LLC shall be “Vertiv Holdings, LLC”. The certificate of formation and limited liability company agreement of Second Merger Sub as in effect immediately prior to the Second Effective Time shall be the certificate of formation and limited liability company agreement of the Second Surviving LLC from and after the Second Effective Time until thereafter amended in accordance with its terms and as provided by Applicable Legal Requirements, except that the name of the Second Surviving LLC shall be “Vertiv Holdings, LLC”.

 

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2.5 Managers and Officers of the First Surviving LLC and the Second Surviving LLC. From and after the Effective Time, the First Surviving LLC shall be member-managed, as provided in the limited liability company agreement of the First Surviving LLC, and the Persons identified as the initial officers of the First Surviving LLC set forth on Schedule 2.5 of the Company Disclosure Letter shall be the officers (holding such positions as set forth on Schedule 2.5 of the Company Disclosure Letter) of the First Surviving LLC. From and after the Second Effective Time, the Second Surviving LLC shall be member-managed, as provided in the limited liability company agreement of the First Surviving LLC, and the officers of the First Surviving LLC shall be the officers of the Second Surviving LLC.

 

2.6 Merger Consideration.

 

(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, the aggregate consideration to be paid to the Seller shall be: (i) an amount equal to the Final Merger Consideration; and (ii) the right to receive any payments pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement (the “TRA Rights”) (collectively, the “Total Consideration”).

 

(b) The Final Merger Consideration shall be paid in the form of: (i) an amount in cash equal to the Closing Cash Payment Amount; (ii) the Closing Number of Securities; and (iii) any amount in cash payable to Seller pursuant to Section 2.11.

 

(c) In the event that any Parent Stockholder Redemption Payments are required to be made, then the following shall apply:

 

(i) (A) Parent Cash shall be deemed decreased by an amount (the “First Cash Increase Amount”) equal to the lesser of (1) the Aggregate Parent Stockholder Redemption Payments Amount; and (2) the amount by which the Target Rollover Indebtedness Amount may be increased without causing Indebtedness of the Group Companies as of immediately following the Closing to exceed 4.0x 2019 EBITDA; and (B) the Target Rollover Indebtedness Amount shall be increased by the First Cash Increase Amount; provided, that if Parent is required to fund the Change of Control Offer Funding Amount, any Indebtedness required to be paid-off following the expiration of any Change of Control Offer pursuant to Section 7.23 shall be disregarded as Indebtedness for purposes of calculating the leverage ratio referenced in the immediately preceding clause (A)(2).

 

(ii) In the event that the First Cash Increase Amount is less than the Aggregate Parent Stockholder Redemption Payments Amount then (A) the Closing Cash Payment Amount shall be reduced by an amount equal to the lesser of (1) the amount by which the Aggregate Parent Stockholder Redemption Payments Amount exceeds the First Cash Increase Amount; and (2) $200,000,000; and (B) Parent Cash shall be deemed decreased by the amount (the “Second Cash Increase Amount”, together with the First Cash Increase Amount, the “Aggregate Cash Increase Amount”) by which the Closing Cash Payment Amount is decreased pursuant to clause (A).

 

(iii) In the event that the Aggregate Cash Increase Amount is less than the Aggregate Parent Stockholder Redemption Payments Amount then (A) Parent Cash shall be deemed decreased by an amount equal to the lesser of (1) the amount by which the Aggregate Parent Stockholder Redemption Payments Amount exceeds the Aggregate Cash Increase Amount; and (2) the amount by which the Target Rollover Indebtedness Amount may be increased without causing Indebtedness of the Group Companies as of immediately following the Closing to exceed 4.25x 2019 EBITDA; and (B) the Target Rollover Indebtedness Amount shall be increased by the amount by which Parent Cash is deemed decreased pursuant to clause (A); provided, that if Parent is required to fund the Change of Control Offer Funding Amount, any Indebtedness required to be paid-off following the expiration of any Change of Control Offer pursuant to Section 7.23 shall be disregarded as Indebtedness for purposes of calculating the leverage ratio referenced in the immediately preceding clause (A)(2).

 

2.7 Effect of the First Merger on Membership Interests of the Company. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, at the Effective Time, by virtue of the First Merger and without any further action on the part of Parent, First Merger Sub, the Company, the Seller or the holders of any of the securities of Parent, the following shall occur:

 

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(a) Each Company Membership Interest issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be cancelled and converted into the right to receive its pro rata share of the Total Consideration. As of the Effective Time, the Seller shall cease to have any other rights in and to the Company or the First Surviving LLC or the Second Surviving LLC.

 

(b) No fraction of a share of Parent Class A Stock will be issued by virtue of the First Merger, and the Seller who would otherwise be entitled to a fraction of a share of Parent Class A Stock (after aggregating all fractional shares of Parent Class A Stock that otherwise would be received by the Seller) shall receive from Parent, in lieu of such fractional share: (i) one share of Parent Class A Stock if the aggregate amount of fractional shares of Parent Class A Stock the Seller would otherwise be entitled to is equal to or exceeds 0.50; or (ii) no shares of Parent Class A Stock if the aggregate amount of fractional shares of Parent Class A Stock the Seller would otherwise be entitled to is less than 0.50.

 

(c) Each issued and outstanding membership interest of First Merger Sub shall be cancelled and converted into and become one validly issued membership interest of the First Surviving LLC, which shall constitute the only outstanding limited liability company interests of the First Surviving LLC.

 

(d) The numbers of shares of Parent Class A Stock that the Seller is entitled to receive as a result of the First Merger and as otherwise contemplated by this Agreement shall be adjusted to reflect appropriately the effect of any stock split, split-up, reverse stock split, stock dividend or distribution (including any dividend or distribution of securities convertible into Parent Class A Stock), extraordinary cash dividend, reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, combination, exchange of shares or other like change with respect to Parent Class A Stock occurring on or after the date hereof and prior to the Closing.

 

2.8 Effect of the Second Merger on Membership Interests of First Surviving LLC. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, at the Second Effective Time, by virtue of the Second Merger and without any action on the part of any Party or the holders of any shares of capital stock of Parent, the First Surviving LLC or Second Merger Sub: (a) each membership interest of the First Surviving LLC issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Second Effective Time shall be cancelled and shall cease to exist without any conversion thereof or payment therefor; and (b) each membership interest of Second Merger Sub outstanding immediately prior to the Second Effective Time shall be converted into and become one membership interest of the Second Surviving LLC, which shall constitute the only outstanding equity of the Second Surviving LLC. From and after the Second Effective Time, the membership interests of the Second Merger Sub shall be deemed for all purposes to represent the number of membership interests into which they were converted in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence.

 

2.9 Adjustment Escrow Deposit. At the Closing, Parent shall deposit with the Escrow Agent an amount equal to $2,000,000 (the “Adjustment Escrow Amount”) into a designated non-interest bearing account the (“Adjustment Escrow Account”), by wire transfer of immediately available funds in U.S. dollars. Pursuant to an escrow agreement to be entered into on the Closing Date by and among Parent, the Seller and the Escrow Agent in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit H (the “Escrow Agreement”), Parent and the Seller will appoint the Escrow Agent to hold the Adjustment Escrow Amount until the final determination of the Final Merger Consideration pursuant to Section 2.11 and disburse the Adjustment Escrow Amount as provided herein and in the Escrow Agreement.

 

2.10 Closing Calculations.

 

(a) The Company shall deliver to Parent:

  

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(i) no later than four (4) Business Days prior to the Closing Date, a statement (the “Estimated Adjustment Statement”) setting forth the Company’s good faith estimate of: (i) the Closing Indebtedness Amount (the “Estimated Closing Indebtedness Amount”); (ii) Company Transaction Costs (the “Estimated Company Transaction Costs”); and (iii) the Company Cash (the “Estimated Company Cash”); together with: (x) instructions that list the bank account of the Seller and other bank accounts designated to facilitate payment by Parent of the Company Transaction Costs; (y) reasonable relevant supporting documentation used by the Company in calculating such amounts, including with respect to the Estimated Company Transaction Costs, all invoices or, if no invoice is available, other documentation reasonably accounting for such costs; and (z) a certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company certifying that the estimates set forth in the Estimated Adjustment Statement have been prepared in accordance with this Agreement; and

 

(ii) no later than two (2) Business Days prior to the Closing Date, a schedule reflecting a calculation of the Closing Cash Payment Amount, the Closing Number of Securities and the Deleveraging Amount, in each case, based upon the amounts contained in the Parent Financing Certificate and the Estimated Adjustment Statement (the “Closing Payments Schedule”, together with the Estimated Adjustment Statement, the “Pre-Closing Statement”), together with a certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company certifying that the amounts set forth in the Closing Payments Schedule have been prepared in accordance with this Agreement.

 

(b) Parent and its Representatives shall have a reasonable opportunity to review and to discuss with the Company and its Representatives the documentation provided pursuant to Section 2.10(a) and any relevant books and records of the Company and its Subsidiaries. The Company and its Representatives shall reasonably assist Parent and its Representatives in its review of the documentation and shall consider in good faith Parent’s comments to the Pre-Closing Statement, and if any adjustments are made to the Pre-Closing Statement prior to the Closing, such adjusted Pre-Closing Statement shall thereafter become the Pre-Closing Statement for all purposes of this Agreement; provided, for the avoidance of doubt, that, following the Company’s consideration in good faith of Parent’s comments to the Pre-Closing Statement, the Company may determine, in its sole and absolute discretion, not to make any adjustments to the Pre-Closing Statement, in which case the Pre-Closing Statement shall be the Pre-Closing Statement delivered by the Company to Parent; providedfurther, that the amounts set forth in the Closing Payments Schedule shall be automatically adjusted in accordance with Section 2.6(c), including, in the case of the Deleveraging Amount, in the event that a Change of Control Offer Amount is required to be funded by Parent in accordance with Section 7.23. In no event will the determination of the amounts set forth in the Pre-Closing Statement (whether mutually agreed to or the subject of a disagreement) prejudice the rights of a Party pursuant to Section 2.11. The Pre-Closing Statement and the determinations contained therein shall be prepared in accordance with the applicable definitions contained in this Agreement.

 

2.11 Adjustment.

 

(a) Within forty (40) days after the Closing Date, if the Closing Date occurs on a fiscal month-end of the Company, or as soon as reasonably practicable, and in any event within sixty (60) days after the Closing Date, if the Closing Date occurs on a date other than a fiscal month-end of the Company, Parent will prepare, or cause to be prepared, and deliver to the Seller an unaudited statement (the “Adjustment Statement”), which shall set forth Parent’s good faith calculation of each of the Company Transaction Costs, Company Cash, and the Closing Indebtedness Amount, together with a certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Parent certifying that the amounts set forth in the Adjustment Statement have been prepared in accordance with this Agreement. To the extent any amounts in the calculation of the foregoing are not U.S. dollars, such amounts shall be converted to U.S. dollars using the average exchange rate to U.S. dollars for the Closing Date as reported by Bloomberg L.P.

  

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(b) Upon receipt from Parent, the Seller shall have forty (40) days to review the Adjustment Statement (the “Adjustment Review Period”). At the request of the Seller, Parent shall: (i) reasonably cooperate and assist, and shall cause its Subsidiaries, including the Second Surviving LLC, and each of their respective Representatives to reasonably cooperate and assist, the Seller and its Representatives in the review of the Adjustment Statement (including by requesting their respective accountants to deliver to the Seller and its Representatives copies of their work papers relating to the Second Surviving LLC); (provided, that customary confidentiality and hold harmless agreements relating to access to such working papers in form and substance reasonably acceptable to any auditors or independent accountants are signed by the Seller and its Representatives, as applicable); and (ii) provide the Seller and its Representatives with any information reasonably requested by the Seller that is necessary for their review of the Adjustment Statement. If the Seller disagrees with Parent’s computation of the Company Transaction Costs, Company Cash, or the Closing Indebtedness Amount (each as set forth in the Adjustment Statement), the Seller shall, on or prior to the last day of the Adjustment Review Period, deliver a written notice to Parent (the “Adjustment Notice of Objection”) that sets forth the Seller’s objections to Parent’s calculation of the Company Transaction Costs, Company Cash, and the Closing Indebtedness Amount, as applicable. Any Adjustment Notice of Objection shall specify those items or amounts with which the Seller disagrees and shall set forth the Seller’s calculation of the Company Transaction Costs, Company Cash, or the Closing Indebtedness Amount, as applicable, based on such objections (it being understood that the Seller shall be deemed to have accepted Parent’s calculation of any amounts set forth on the Adjustment Statement to which the Seller does not object in the Adjustment Notice of Objection).

 

(c) If the Seller does not deliver an Adjustment Notice of Objection to Parent with respect to an item contained in the Adjustment Statement within the Adjustment Review Period, the Seller shall be deemed to have accepted Parent’s calculation of the underlying item of the Company Transaction Costs, Company Cash, and the Closing Indebtedness Amount, as applicable, and such calculation shall be final, conclusive and binding on the Parties. If the Seller delivers an Adjustment Notice of Objection to Parent within the Adjustment Review Period, Parent and the Seller shall, during the twenty (20) days following such delivery or any mutually agreed extension thereof, use their good faith efforts to reach agreement on the disputed items and amounts in order to determine the amount of the disputed Company Transaction Costs, Company Cash, or the Closing Indebtedness Amount, as applicable. If, at the end of such period or any mutually agreed extension thereof, Parent and the Seller are unable to resolve their disagreements, they shall jointly retain and refer their disagreements to a nationally recognized independent accounting firm mutually acceptable to Parent and the Seller (such firm or individual, the “Independent Expert”). The Parties shall instruct the Independent Expert promptly to review this Section 2.11, as well as the Adjustment Statement, Adjustment Notice of Objection and any other materials reasonably requested by the Independent Expert, and to determine, solely with respect to the disputed items and amounts so submitted, whether and to what extent, if any, the Company Transaction Costs, Company Cash, or the Closing Indebtedness Amount, as applicable, set forth in the Adjustment Statement requires adjustment pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. The Independent Expert shall base its determination solely on written submissions by Parent and the Seller and not on an independent review. Parent and the Seller shall make available to the Independent Expert all relevant books and records and other items reasonably requested by the Independent Expert. As promptly as practicable, but in no event later than thirty (30) days after its retention, the Independent Expert shall deliver to Parent and the Seller a report that sets forth its resolution of the disputed items and amounts and its calculation of the Company Transaction Costs, Company Cash, or the Closing Indebtedness Amount, as applicable; providedhowever, that the Independent Expert may not assign a value to any item greater than the greatest value for such item claimed by Parent, on one hand, and the Seller, on the other hand, nor less than the smallest value for such item claimed by Parent, on one hand, and the Seller, on the other hand. The decision of the Independent Expert shall be final, conclusive and binding on the Parties. The costs and expenses of the Independent Expert shall be allocated between Parent, on the one hand, and the Seller, on the other hand, based upon the percentage that the portion of the aggregate contested amount not awarded to each Party bears to the aggregate amount actually contested by such Party, as determined by the Independent Expert.

 

(d) For purposes of this Agreement, “Final Company Transaction Costs”, “Final Company Cash”, and “Final Closing Indebtedness Amount” mean the amount of such items: (i) as shown in the Adjustment Statement delivered by Parent to the Seller pursuant to Section 2.11(a) if no Adjustment Notice of Objection with respect thereto is timely delivered by the Seller to Parent pursuant to Section 2.11(c); or (ii) if an Adjustment Notice of Objection is so delivered: (A) as agreed by Parent and the Seller pursuant to Section 2.11(c); or (B) in the absence of such agreement, as determined in the Independent Expert’s report delivered pursuant to Section 2.11(c).

 

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(e) Within five (5) Business Days after the Final Merger Consideration has been finally determined pursuant to this Section 2.11:

 

(i) if the Final Merger Consideration is less than the Estimated Merger Consideration, then (x) if the amount of the difference between the Estimated Merger Consideration and the Final Merger Consideration exceeds the Adjustment Escrow Amount: (A) Parent shall be entitled to receive the entire Adjustment Escrow Amount; and (B) the Seller shall pay to Parent an aggregate amount equal to the amount of such difference minus the Adjustment Escrow Amount; and (y) if the amount of the difference between the Estimated Merger Consideration and the Final Merger Consideration is less than the Adjustment Escrow Amount: (A) Parent shall be entitled to receive the amount of such difference from the Adjustment Escrow Amount; and (B) the Seller shall be entitled to receive the balance of the Adjustment Escrow Amount (after giving effect to the payment to parent pursuant to the immediately preceding clause (y)(A));

 

(ii) if the Final Merger Consideration is greater than the Estimated Merger Consideration: (A) the Seller shall be entitled to receive the entire Adjustment Escrow Amount; and (B) Parent shall cause the Second Surviving LLC to pay to the Seller an amount equal to the amount of such difference.

 

(f) Any payment required to be made by: (i) the Seller pursuant to this Section 2.11 shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds in U.S. dollars to the account of the Second Surviving LLC designated in writing by Parent at least one (1) Business Day prior to such transfer; and (ii) the Second Surviving LLC on behalf of Parent pursuant to this Section 2.11 shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds in U.S. dollars to the account(s) designated in writing by the Seller at least one (1) Business Day prior to such transfer. Each of the Parties shall timely execute and deliver appropriate joint transfer instructions to effect the releases from the Adjustment Escrow Account contemplated by this Section 2.11.

 

(g) Any payments made pursuant to this Section 2.11 shall be treated as an adjustment to the Total Consideration by the Parties for Tax purposes, unless otherwise required by Applicable Legal Requirements.

 

2.12 Tax Treatment of the Mergers.

 

(a) The Parties shall not take or cause to be taken any action, or fail to take or cause to be taken any action, which action or failure to act would reasonably be expected to prevent the Mergers, taken together, from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations.

 

(b) For U.S. federal income tax purposes (and for purposes of any applicable state or local Tax that follows the U.S. federal income tax treatment), the Parties shall prepare and file all Tax Returns consistent with the treatment of the Mergers, taken together, as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations (or comparable provisions of state and local Tax law) and shall not take any inconsistent position on any Tax Return, or during the course of any audit, litigation or other proceeding with respect to Taxes, except as otherwise required by a determination within the meaning of Section 1313(a) of the Code.

 

2.13 Withholding Taxes. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, Parent, First Merger Sub, Second Merger Sub, the Company, the First Surviving LLC, the Second Surviving LLC and their respective Affiliates shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the consideration otherwise payable pursuant to this Agreement, any amount required to be deducted and withheld with respect to the making of such payment under Applicable Legal Requirements. If any Tax withholding is so required in connection with any such payments (other than compensatory payments to employees of the Group Companies), Parent shall provide written notice to Seller of the amounts to be deducted and withheld no later than ten (10) Business Days prior to such payment. Each Party shall expend commercially reasonable efforts to (a) avail itself of any available exemptions from, or any refunds, credits or other recovery of, any such Tax deductions and withholdings and shall cooperate with the other Parties in providing any information and documentation (including an Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 or other applicable Form) that may be necessary to obtain such exemptions, refunds, credits or other recovery and (b) minimize the amount of any such Tax deductions and withholdings. To the extent that amounts are so withheld, such withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the Person in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made.

 

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2.14 Taking of Necessary Action; Further Action. If, at any time after the Effective Time or the Second Effective Time, any further action is necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of this Agreement and to vest the First Surviving LLC following the First Merger and the Second Surviving LLC following the Second Merger with full right, title and possession to all assets, property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of the Company, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub, the officers, directors, managers and members, as applicable, (or their designees) of the Company, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub are fully authorized in the name of their respective corporations or otherwise to take, and will take, all such lawful and necessary action, so long as such action is not inconsistent with this Agreement.

 

ARTICLE III

 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE SELLER

 

The Seller hereby represents and warrants to Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date as follows:

 

3.1 Organization and Qualification. The Seller (a) is a limited liability company duly formed, validly existing and in good standing under the Applicable Legal Requirements of the State of Delaware and (b) has all requisite limited liability company power and authority to own, lease and operate its assets and properties and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted, except in the case of this clause (b) as would not be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole. The Seller is duly qualified to do business in each jurisdiction in which it is conducting its business, or the operation, ownership or leasing of its properties, makes such qualification necessary, other than in such jurisdictions where the failure to so qualify or be in good standing would not reasonably be expected to have a Seller Material Adverse Effect.

 

3.2 Authority Relative to this Agreement. The Seller has all requisite power and authority to: (a) execute, deliver and perform this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which it is a party, and each ancillary document that the Seller has executed or delivered or is to execute or deliver pursuant to this Agreement; and (b) carry out the Seller’s obligations hereunder and thereunder and to consummate the Transactions (including the Mergers). The execution and delivery by the Seller of this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which it is a party and the consummation by the Seller of the Transactions (including the Mergers) have been duly and validly authorized by all requisite action on the part of the Seller, and no other proceedings on the part of the Seller are necessary to authorize this Agreement or to consummate the Transactions. This Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which it is a party have been duly and validly executed and delivered by the Seller and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery thereof by the other Parties, constitute the legal and binding obligations of the Seller, enforceable against the Seller in accordance with their terms, except insofar as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally or by principles governing the availability of equitable remedies.

 

3.3 Ownership. The Seller has good and valid title to the Company Membership Interests owned (beneficially and of record) by the Seller, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens) (the “Seller Interests”). The Seller Interests comprise all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of the Company. Except as set forth in the Company’s Governing Documents and in this Agreement, the Seller Interests are not subject to any shareholder agreement, investor rights agreement, registration rights agreement, voting agreement or trust, proxy or other Contract restricting or otherwise relating to the voting, dividend rights or disposition of such Seller Interests.

 

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3.4 Investment. The Seller is an accredited investor as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The shares of Parent Class A Stock to be acquired by the Seller pursuant to this Agreement will be acquired for investment for the Seller’s own account or for one or more separate accounts maintained by it for the benefit of one or more other accredited investor as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (2), (3) or (7) of Regulation D and not with a view to the public resale or distribution thereof within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the Seller has no present intention of selling, granting any participation in, or otherwise distributing the same. At no time was the Seller presented with or solicited by any publicly issued or circulated newspaper, mail, radio, television or other form of general advertising or solicitation in connection with the offer, sale and purchase of shares of Parent Class A Stock. The Seller has received or has had full access to all the information the Seller considers necessary or appropriate to make an informed investment decision with respect to the shares of Parent Class A Stock. The Seller further has had an opportunity to ask questions and receive answers from Parent regarding the terms and conditions of the offering of the shares of Parent Class A Stock and to obtain additional information necessary to verify any information furnished to the Seller or to which the Seller had access. The Seller is fully aware of: (a) the highly speculative nature of the shares of Parent Class A Stock; and (b) the financial risks involved. The Seller has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that the Seller is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of this prospective investment, has the capacity to protect the Seller’s own interest in connection with this transaction and is financially capable of bearing a total loss of the shares of Parent Class A Stock. The Seller understands and acknowledges that, in reliance upon the representations and warranties made by the Seller herein, the shares of Parent Class A Stock are not being registered with the SEC under the Securities Act or any state securities laws, but instead are being transferred under an exemption or exemptions from the registration and qualification requirements of the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws which impose certain restrictions on the Seller’s ability to transfer the shares of Parent Class A Stock. The Seller acknowledges that, because the shares of Parent Class A Stock have not been registered under the Securities Act, such shares must be held indefinitely unless subsequently registered under the Securities Act or unless an exemption from such registration is available. The Seller is aware of the restrictions on the use of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act.

 

3.5 Disclaimer of Other Warranties. THE SELLER HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT, EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THIS AGREEMENT, NONE OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES HAS MADE, IS MAKING OR SHALL BE DEEMED TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AT LAW OR IN EQUITY, TO THE COMPANY, THE SELLER, ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES OR ANY OTHER PERSON, WITH RESPECT TO PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE BUSINESSES, ASSETS OR PROPERTIES OF THE FOREGOING, OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, FUTURE RESULTS, PROPOSED BUSINESSES OR FUTURE PLANS. WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING AND NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY: (A) NONE OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES SHALL BE DEEMED TO MAKE TO THE COMPANY, THE SELLER, OR THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OTHER THAN AS EXPRESSLY MADE BY PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB AND SECOND MERGER SUB TO THE COMPANY AND THE SELLER IN THIS AGREEMENT; AND (B) NONE OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB NOR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES, HAS MADE, IS MAKING OR SHALL BE DEEMED TO MAKE TO THE COMPANY, THE SELLER OR THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES OR ANY OTHER PERSON ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO: (I) THE INFORMATION DISTRIBUTED OR MADE AVAILABLE TO THEM BY OR ON BEHALF OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB OR SECOND MERGER SUB IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT AND THE TRANSACTIONS; (II) ANY MANAGEMENT PRESENTATION CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION MEMORANDUM OR SIMILAR DOCUMENT; OR (III) ANY FINANCIAL PROJECTION, FORECAST, ESTIMATE, BUDGET OR SIMILAR ITEM RELATING TO PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB OR ANY OF THEIR BUSINESS, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, PROPERTIES, FINANCIAL CONDITION, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND PROJECTED OPERATIONS OF THE FOREGOING. THE SELLER HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT HAS NOT RELIED ON ANY PROMISE, REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY THAT IS NOT EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT. THE SELLER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT HAS CONDUCTED, TO ITS SATISFACTION, AN INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION AND VERIFICATION OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB AND THE BUSINESS, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, PROPERTIES, FINANCIAL CONDITION, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND PROJECTED OPERATIONS OF THE FOREGOING AND, IN MAKING ITS DETERMINATION THE SELLER HAS RELIED ON THE RESULTS OF ITS OWN INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION AND VERIFICATION, IN ADDITION TO THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB AND SECOND MERGER SUB EXPRESSLY AND SPECIFICALLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY IN THIS SECTION 3.5, CLAIMS AGAINST PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB OR ANY OTHER PERSON SHALL NOT BE LIMITED IN ANY RESPECT IN THE EVENT OF INTENTIONAL FRAUD IN THE MAKING OF THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES IN THIS AGREEMENT BY SUCH PERSON. THE SELLER HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT PARENT MAKES NO REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY OR COVENANT INCLUDING PURSUANT TO SECTION 5.7(A) WITH RESPECT TO (X) STATEMENTS MADE OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN ANY PARENT SEC REPORTS OR ADDITIONAL PARENT SEC REPORTS BASED ON INFORMATION SUPPLIED BY THE GROUP COMPANIES FOR INCLUSION OR INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE IN THE PROXY STATEMENT, OR (Y) ANY PROJECTIONS OR FORECASTS INCLUDED IN THE PROXY STATEMENT.

 

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ARTICLE IV

 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY

 

Except as set forth in the letter dated as of the date of this Agreement delivered by the Company to Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub prior to or in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement (the “Company Disclosure Letter”), the Company hereby represents and warrants to Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date as follows:

 

4.1 Organization and Qualification. The Company (a) is a limited liability company duly formed, validly existing and in good standing under the Applicable Legal Requirements of the State of Delaware and (b) has all requisite limited liability company power and authority to own, lease and operate its assets and properties and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted, except in the case of this clause (b) as would not be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole. The Company is duly qualified to do business in each jurisdiction in which it is conducting its business, or the operation, ownership or leasing of its properties, makes such qualification necessary, other than in such jurisdictions where the failure to so qualify would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole. Complete and correct copies of the Governing Documents of the Company as currently in effect, have been made available to Parent. The Company is not in violation of any of the provisions of the Company’s Governing Documents.

 

4.2 Company Subsidiaries.

 

(a) The Company’s direct and indirect Subsidiaries, together with their jurisdiction of incorporation or organization, as applicable, are listed on Schedule 4.2(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter (the “Company Subsidiaries”). The Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the outstanding equity securities of the Company Subsidiaries, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens). Except for the Company Subsidiaries, the Company does not own, directly or indirectly, any ownership, equity, profits or voting interest in any Person or have any agreement or commitment to purchase any such interest, and has not agreed and is not obligated to make nor is bound by any written, oral or other Contract, binding understanding, option, warranty or undertaking of any nature, as of the date hereof or as may hereafter be in effect under which it may become obligated to make, any future investment in or capital contribution to any other entity.

 

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(b) Each Company Subsidiary is duly incorporated, formed or organized, validly existing and in good standing (to the extent such concept exists in the relevant jurisdiction) under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation, formation or organization and has the requisite corporate, limited liability company or equivalent power and authority to own, lease and operate its assets and properties and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole. Each Company Subsidiary is duly qualified to do business in each jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business, or the operation, ownership or leasing of its properties, makes such qualification necessary, other than in such jurisdictions where the failure to so qualify or be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole. Complete and correct copies of the Governing Documents of each Significant Company Subsidiary, as amended and currently in effect, have been made available to Parent. No Company Subsidiary is in violation of any of the provisions of its Governing Documents.

 

(c) All issued and outstanding shares of capital stock and equity interests of each Company Subsidiary (i) have been duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and are non-assessable (in each case to the extent that such concepts are applicable), (ii) are not subject to, nor have been issued in violation of, any purchase option, call option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, subscription right or any similar right and (iii) have been offered, sold and issued in compliance with Applicable Legal Requirements and the applicable Company Subsidiary’s respective Governing Documents.

 

(d) There are no subscriptions, options, warrants, equity securities, partnership interests or similar ownership interests, calls, rights (including preemptive rights), commitments or agreements of any character to which any Company Subsidiary is a party or by which it is bound obligating such Company Subsidiary to issue, deliver or sell, or cause to be issued, delivered or sold, or repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire, or cause the repurchase, redemption or acquisition of, any ownership interests of such Company Subsidiary or obligating such Company Subsidiary to grant, extend, accelerate the vesting of or enter into any such subscription, option, warrant, equity security, call, right, commitment or agreement.

 

4.3 Capitalization of the Company.

 

(a) The Seller owns all of the issued and outstanding Company Membership Interests, and there are no other equity interests of the Company authorized, issued, outstanding or reserved for issuance.

 

(b) All issued and outstanding Company Membership Interests (i) have been duly authorized and validly issued, (ii) are not subject to, nor have been issued in violation of, any purchase option, call option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, subscription right or any similar right, (iii) have been offered, sold and issued in compliance with Applicable Legal Requirements and the Company’s Governing Documents and (iv) are free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens).

 

(c) Except in connection with the Transactions, there are no subscriptions, options, warrants, equity securities, partnership interests or similar ownership interests, calls, rights (including preemptive rights), commitments or agreements of any character to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound obligating the Company to issue, deliver or sell, or cause to be issued, delivered or sold, or repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire, or cause the repurchase, redemption or acquisition of, any ownership interests of the Company or obligating the Company to grant, extend, accelerate the vesting of or enter into any such subscription, option, warrant, equity security, call, right, commitment or agreement. There are no stock appreciation, phantom stock, stock-based performance unit, profit participation, restricted stock, restricted stock unit or other equity-based compensation award or similar rights with respect to the Company.

  

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(d) Except as set forth in the Company’s Governing Documents and in connection with the Transactions, there are no registration rights, and there is no voting trust, proxy, rights plan, anti-takeover plan or other agreements or understandings to which the Company is a party or by which the Company is bound with respect to any ownership interests of the Company.

 

(e) Except as provided for in this Agreement, as a result of the consummation of the Transactions, no shares of capital stock, warrants, options or other securities of the Company are issuable and no rights in connection with any shares, warrants, options or other securities of the Company accelerate or otherwise become triggered (whether as to vesting, exercisability, convertibility or otherwise).

 

4.4 Authority Relative to this Agreement. The Company has all requisite power and authority to: (a) execute, deliver and perform this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which it is a party, and each ancillary document that the Company has executed or delivered or is to execute or deliver pursuant to this Agreement; and (b) carry out the Company’s obligations hereunder and thereunder and to consummate the Transactions (including the Mergers). The execution and delivery by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which it is a party and the consummation by the Company of the Transactions (including the Mergers) have been duly and validly authorized by all requisite action on the part of the Company (including the approval by its board of managers and, following receipt of the Company Member Approval, the Seller as required by the DLLCA), and no other proceedings on the part of the Company are necessary to authorize this Agreement or to consummate the Transactions. This Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which it is a party have been duly and validly executed and delivered by the Company and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery thereof by the other Parties, constitute the legal and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except insofar as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally or by principles governing the availability of equitable remedies.

 

4.5 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents.

 

(a) The execution and delivery by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which it is a party do not, the performance of this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which it is a party by the Company shall not, and the consummation of the Transactions will not: (i) conflict with or violate the Company’s Governing Documents; (ii) assuming that the consents, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, filings or permits referred to in Section 4.5(b) are duly and timely obtained or made, conflict with or violate any Applicable Legal Requirements; (iii) result in any breach of or constitute a default (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) under, or impair the Company’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ rights or, in a manner adverse to any of the Group Companies, alter the rights or obligations of any third party under, or give to any third party any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration (including any forced repurchase) or cancellation under, or result in the creation of a Lien (other than any Permitted Lien) on any of the properties or assets of any of the Group Companies pursuant to, any Company Material Contracts, except, with respect to clause (iii) as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Company Material Adverse Effect.

 

(b) The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company, or the other Transaction Agreements to which it is a party, does not, and the performance of its obligations hereunder and thereunder will not, require any consent, approval, authorization or permit of, or filing with or notification to, any Governmental Entity, except for: (i) the filing of the First Certificate of Merger in accordance with the DLLCA; (ii) applicable requirements, if any, of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or blue sky laws, and the rules and regulations thereunder, and appropriate documents received from or filed with the relevant authorities of other jurisdictions in which the Company is licensed or qualified to do business; (iii) the filing of any notifications required under the HSR Act, the filings required pursuant to Antitrust Laws, and the expiration of the required waiting periods thereunder; (iv) the consents, approvals, authorizations and permits described on Schedule 4.5(b) of the Company Disclosure Letter; and (v) where the failure to obtain such consents, approvals, authorizations or permits, or to make such filings or notifications, would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole, or reasonably be expected to prevent or materially delay or impair the consummation of the Transactions or the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement or the other Transaction Agreements.

 

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4.6 Compliance; Approvals. Each of the Group Companies has since the Reference Date complied with and is not in violation of any Applicable Legal Requirements with respect to the conduct of its business, or the ownership or operation of its business, except for failures to comply or violations which, individually or in the aggregate, have not been and are not reasonably likely to be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole. No written or, to the Knowledge of the Company, oral notice, of non-compliance with any Applicable Legal Requirements has been received by any of the Group Companies since the Reference Date. Each Group Company is in possession of all franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits, consents, certificates, approvals and orders from Governmental Entities (“Approvals”) necessary to own, lease and operate the properties it purports to own, operate or lease and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted, except where the failure to have such Approvals would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole. Each Approval held by the Group Companies is valid, binding and in full force and effect. None of the Group Companies (i) are in default or violation (and no event has occurred that, with notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute a default or violation) of any material term, condition or provision of any such Approval, or (ii) have received any notice from a Governmental Entity that has issued any such Approval that it intends to cancel, terminate, modify or not renew any such Approval except in the case of clauses (i) and (ii) as would not individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole, or reasonably be expected to prevent or materially delay or impair the consummation of the Transactions or the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement or the other Transaction Agreements.

 

4.7 Government Contracts. With respect to any prime contract, subcontract, basic ordering agreement, letter contract, purchase order or delivery order of any kind, including all amendments, modifications and options thereunder or relating thereto between any of the Group Companies and any Governmental Entity (“Government Contracts”) in effect on the date hereof that is material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole: (a) no such Government Contract is currently the subject of bid or award protest proceedings and, to the Company’s Knowledge, no such Government Contract is reasonably likely to become the subject of bid or award protest proceedings; (b) the Group Companies have complied in all material respects with all statutory and regulatory requirements applicable to each of the Government Contracts and their associated quotations, bids and proposals; (c) all facts set forth in or acknowledged by any representations, certifications or disclosure statements made or submitted by or on behalf of the Group Companies in connection with each of the Government Contracts and their associated quotations, bids and proposals were true and accurate in all material respects as of the date of submission; (d) no Governmental Entity nor any prime contractor or higher-tier subcontractor under a Government Contract has disallowed any material costs claimed by the Group Companies under such Government Contracts; (e) no Governmental Entity has within the 12 months prior to the date hereof made any written claim for any material price adjustment or any other request for a material reduction in the price of any of such Government Contracts; (f) within the last 12 months, the Company has received no written notice terminating any of the Company’s Government Contracts for default or for convenience or indicating an intent to terminate any such Government Contracts for convenience; (g) neither the Group Companies nor, to the Company’s Knowledge, any stockholder, employee of or consultant to the Company, has been or is now suspended, debarred or proposed for suspension or debarment from government contracting; and (h) to the Company’s Knowledge, the Group Companies have not undergone and are not undergoing any audit, review, inspection, investigation, survey or examination of records relating to such Government Contracts, other than in the ordinary course of business, and, to the Company’s Knowledge, there is no reasonable basis for any such audit, review, inspection, investigation, survey or examination of records, other than in the ordinary course of business.

 

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4.8 Financial Statements.

 

(a) The Company has made available to Parent true and complete copies of: (i) the audited consolidated balance sheets of the Group Companies as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the audited consolidated statements of earnings (loss), comprehensive income (loss), equity and cash flows of the Group Companies for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (collectively, the “Audited Financial Statements”); and (ii) the unaudited consolidated balance sheets of the Group Companies as of September 30, 2019, and statements of earnings (loss), comprehensive income (loss), equity and cash flows of the Group Companies for the nine (9) month periods ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 (the “Unaudited Financial Statements” and, together with the Audited Financial Statements, the “Financial Statements”). The Financial Statements: (w) fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position of the Group Companies, as at the respective dates thereof, and the consolidated results of earnings, income, changes in equity and cash flows for the respective periods then ended (subject, in the case of the Unaudited Financial Statements, to normal year-end adjustments and the inclusion of limited footnotes); (x) were prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (except as may be indicated in the notes thereto and, in the case of the Unaudited Financial Statements, the inclusion of limited footnotes); (y) were prepared from, and are in accordance with, the books and records of the Group Companies; and (z) in the case of the Audited Financial Statements, were audited in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

 

(b) The Company has established and maintained a system of internal controls. Such internal controls are sufficient to provide reasonable assurance (i) that transactions, receipts and expenditures of the Group Companies are being executed and made only in accordance with appropriate authorizations of management of the Company, (ii) that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets, (iii) regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the assets of the Group Companies and (iv) that accounts, notes and other receivables and inventory are recorded accurately. The Company has not identified or been made aware of, and has not received from its independent auditors any notification of, any (x) “significant deficiency” in the internal controls over financial reporting of the Group Companies, (y) “material weakness” in the internal controls over financial reporting of the Group Companies or (z) fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees of the Group Companies who have a role in the internal controls over financial reporting of the Group Companies.

 

(c) There are no outstanding loans or other extensions of credit made by the Group Companies to any executive officer (as defined in Rule 3b-7 under the Exchange Act) or director of the Company.

 

4.9 No Undisclosed Liabilities. The Group Companies have no liabilities (whether direct or indirect, absolute, accrued, contingent or otherwise) of a nature required to be disclosed on a balance sheet in accordance with U.S. GAAP, except: (a) liabilities provided for in, or otherwise disclosed or reflected in the most recent balance sheet included in the Financial Statements or in the notes thereto; and (b) liabilities arising in the ordinary course of the Company’s business consistent with past practice since the date of the most recent balance sheet included in the Financial Statements.

 

4.10 Holding Company. The Company is a holding company and is not engaged in any business operations other than those associated with its ownership of its direct subsidiary, Vertiv Holding Corporation. Except for the ownership of all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Vertiv Holding Corporation, the Company does not own any other properties or assets.

 

4.11 Absence of Certain Changes or Events. Except as contemplated by this Agreement, since September 30, 2019, each of the Group Companies has conducted its business in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and there has not been: (a) any Company Material Adverse Effect; (b) any purchase, redemption or other acquisition by the Company of any Company Membership Interests or any other securities of the Company or any options, warrants, calls or rights to acquire any Company Membership Interests or other securities; (c) any split, combination or reclassification of any of the Company Membership Interests; (d) any material change by the Company in its accounting methods, principles or practices, except as required by concurrent changes in U.S. GAAP (or any interpretation thereof) or Applicable Legal Requirements; (e) any change in the auditors of the Company; (f) any issuance of Company Membership Interests; (g) any revaluation by the Company of any of its assets, including any sales of assets of the Company other than with respect to (A) sales in the ordinary course of business and (B) sales of assets of any of the Group Companies that are not reasonably required for use in the businesses of any of the Group Companies and that individually or in the aggregate are not material to the Group Companies taken as a whole; or (h) any action taken or agreed upon by any of the Group Companies that would be prohibited by Section 6.1 if such action were taken on or after the date hereof without the consent of Parent.

 

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4.12 Litigation. Except as disclosed on Schedule 4.12 of the Company Disclosure Letter or as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole, there is: (a) no pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened Legal Proceeding against any Group Company or any of its properties or assets, or any of the directors or officers of any Group Company with regard to their actions as such, and, to the Knowledge of the Company, no facts exist that would reasonably be expected to form the basis for any such Legal Proceeding; (b) other than with respect to audits, examinations or investigations in the ordinary course of business conducted by a Governmental Entity pursuant to a Government Contract, no pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened in writing, audit, examination or investigation by any Governmental Entity against any Company or any of its properties or assets, or any of the directors, managers or officers of any Group Company with regard to their actions as such, and, to the Knowledge of the Company, no facts exist that would reasonably be expected to form the basis for any such audit, examination or investigation; (c) no pending or threatened Legal Proceeding by any Group Company against any third party; (d) no settlement or similar agreement that imposes any material ongoing obligation or restriction on any Group Company; and (e) no Order imposed or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened to be imposed upon any Group Company or any of its respective properties or assets, or any of the directors, managers or officers of any Group Company with regard to their actions as such.

 

4.13 Employee Benefit Plans.

 

(a) Schedule 4.13(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter sets forth a true, correct and complete list of each material Employee Benefit Plan, excluding any employment or consulting agreement or offer letter that either: (i) is terminable by the Company at will; or (ii) provides for notice and/or garden leave obligations as required by Applicable Legal Requirements, in each case, so long as such agreement or offer letter does not provide for: (A) severance or similar obligations; (B) transaction bonuses or change in control payments; or (C) tax gross-ups; provided that a form of such excluded agreement or offer letter is listed.

 

(b) With respect to each Employee Benefit Plan, the Company has provided a true, correct and complete copy of the following documents, to the extent applicable: (i) all plan documents, including any related trust documents, insurance contracts or other funding arrangements, and all amendments thereto; (ii) for the most recent plan years: (A) the IRS Form 5500 and all schedules thereto; (B) audited financial statements; and (C) actuarial or other valuation reports; (iii) the most recent IRS determination letter or opinion letter, as applicable; (iv) any other documents which are required to be filed with any regulatory authority together with all other tax clearances and approvals necessary to obtain favorable tax treatment for the Employee Benefit Plans; (v) any non-routine correspondence with any Governmental Entity regarding any Employee Benefits Plan during the past three (3) years, and (vi) the most recent summary plan descriptions.

 

(c) Each Employee Benefit Plan has been established, maintained and administered in all material respects in accordance with its terms and with all Applicable Legal Requirements. No non-exempt “prohibited transaction” (within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur with respect to any Employee Benefit Plan.

 

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(d) Each Employee Benefit Plan intended to qualify under Section 401 of the Code does so qualify, and any trusts intended to be exempt from federal income taxation under the provisions of Section 501(a) of the Code are so exempt. Nothing has occurred with respect to the operation of the Employee Benefit Plans that would reasonably be expected to cause the denial or loss of such qualification or exemption.

 

(e) No Group Company or any of its respective ERISA Affiliates has at any time sponsored or has ever been obligated to contribute to, or had any liability in respect of: (i) an “employee pension benefit plan” (as defined in Section 3(2) of ERISA) subject to Title IV of ERISA, Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA (including any “multiemployer plan” within the meaning of Section (3)(37) of ERISA); (ii) a “multiple employer plan” as defined in Section 413(c) of the Code; or (iii) a “multiple employer welfare arrangement” within the meaning of Section 3(40) of ERISA.

 

(f) None of the Employee Benefit Plans provides for, and the Group Companies have no liability in respect of, post-retiree health, welfare or life insurance benefits or coverage for any participant or any beneficiary of a participant, except as may be required under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended, or similar state or other Legal Requirements and at the sole expense of such participant or the participant’s beneficiary.

 

(g) With respect to any Employee Benefit Plan no actions, suits, claims (other than routine claims for benefits in the ordinary course), audits, inquiries, proceedings or lawsuits are pending, or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened against any Employee Benefit Plan, the assets of any of the trusts under such plans or the plan sponsor or administrator, or against any fiduciary of any Employee Benefit Plan with respect to the operation thereof. No event has occurred, and to the Knowledge of the Company, no condition exists that would, by reason of the Company’s affiliation with any of its ERISA Affiliates, subject the Company to any material tax, fine, lien, penalty or other liability imposed by ERISA, the Code or other Legal Requirements.

 

(h) All contributions, reserves or premium payments required to be made or accrued as of the date hereof to the Employee Benefit Plans have been timely made or accrued in all material respects.

 

(i) Neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement nor the consummation of the Transactions will, either alone or in connection with any other event(s): (i) result in any payment or benefit becoming due to any current or former employee, contractor or director of the Company or its subsidiaries or under any Employee Benefit Plan; (ii) increase any amount of compensation or benefits otherwise payable to any current or former employee, contractor or director of the Company or its subsidiaries or under any Employee Benefit Plan; (iii) result in the acceleration of the time of payment, funding or vesting of any benefits to any current or former employee, contractor or director of the Company or its subsidiaries or under any Employee Benefit Plan; or (iv) limit the right to merge, amend or terminate any Employee Benefit Plan.

 

(j) Neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement nor the consummation of the Transactions shall, either alone or in connection with any other event(s) give rise to any “excess parachute payment” as defined in Section 280G(b)(1) of the Code, any excise tax owing under Section 4999 of the Code or any other amount that would not be deductible under Section 280G of the Code.

 

(k) The Company maintains no obligations to gross-up or reimburse any individual for any tax or related interest or penalties incurred by such individual, including under Sections 409A or 4999 of the Code or otherwise.

 

(l) Each Employee Benefit Plan which is a “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” subject to Section 409A of the Code has been established, operated and maintained in compliance with Section 409A of the Code in all material respects.

 

(m) With respect to each Employee Benefit Plan subject to the Legal Requirements of any jurisdiction outside the United States, (i) all employer contributions to each such Employee Benefit Plan required by Applicable Legal Requirements or by the terms of such Employee Benefit Plan have been made; (ii) each such Employee Benefit Plan required to be registered has been registered and has been maintained in good standing with applicable regulatory authorities and, to the Knowledge of the Company, no event has occurred since the date of the most recent approval or application therefor relating to any such Employee Benefit Plan that would reasonably be expected to adversely affect any such approval or good standing; and (iii) each such Employee Benefit Plan required to be fully funded or fully insured, is fully funded or fully insured, including any back-service obligations, on an ongoing and termination or solvency basis (determined using reasonable actuarial assumptions) in compliance with all Applicable Legal Requirements, in each of the foregoing cases except as would not be material to the Group Companies taken as a whole.

 

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4.14 Labor Matters.

 

(a) Except as disclosed on Schedule 4.14(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter, no Group Company is a party to or bound by any labor agreement, collective bargaining agreement or other labor Contract applicable to persons employed by any Group Company. No employees of the Group Companies are represented by any labor union, labor organization, or works council with respect to their employment with the Group Companies. There are no representation proceedings or petitions seeking a representation proceeding presently pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened to be brought or filed, with the National Labor Relations Board or other labor relations tribunal, nor has any such representation proceeding, petition, or demand been brought, filed, made, or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened in the last three (3) years. Since the Reference Date, there have been no labor organizing activities involving any Group Company or with respect to any employees of the Group Companies or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened by any labor organization, works council or group of employees.

 

(b) Since the Reference Date, there have been no strikes, work stoppages, slowdowns, lockouts or arbitrations, material grievances, unfair labor practice charges or other material labor disputes pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Group Companies involving any employee of the Group Companies. There are no material charges, grievances or complaints, in each case related to alleged unfair labor practices, pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened by or on behalf of any employee, former employee, or labor organization. There are no continuing obligations of the Group Companies pursuant to the resolution of any such proceeding that is no longer pending.

 

(c) As of the date of this Agreement, none of the Company’s officers or key employees has given written notice of any intent to terminate his or her employment with the Company. The Group Companies are in compliance and, to the Knowledge of the Company, each of their employees and consultants are in compliance, with the terms of any employment, nondisclosure, restrictive covenant, and consulting agreements between any Group Company and such individuals, in each case except as would not be material to the Group Companies taken as a whole.

 

(d) To the Knowledge of the Company, no written notice has been received by a Group Company since the Reference Date asserting or alleging sexual harassment or sexual misconduct against any current director of a Group Company or against any current officer of a Group Company who is presented as a named executive officer in the Proxy Statement.

 

(e) There are no material complaints, charges, proceeding, investigation, or claims against the Group Companies pending or, to Knowledge of the Company, threatened that could be brought or filed, with any Governmental Entity based on, arising out of, in connection with or otherwise relating to the employment or termination of employment or failure to employ by any Group Company, of any individual. Each Group Company is in material compliance with all Applicable Legal Requirements respecting employment and employment practices, including, without limitation, all laws respecting terms and conditions of employment, wages and hours, the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (“WARN”), and any similar foreign, state or local “mass layoff” or “plant closing” laws, collective bargaining, immigration or benefits, labor relations, discrimination, civil rights, safety and health, workers’ compensation and the collection and payment of withholding and/or social security taxes and any similar tax.

 

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(f) There has been no “mass layoff” or “plant closing” (as defined by WARN) with respect to any Group Company within the six (6) months prior to the Closing.

 

(g) The Group Companies have since the Reference Date maintained an affirmative action plan in compliance with Applicable Legal Requirements.

 

(h) No Group Company is liable for any arrears of wages or penalties with respect thereto, except in each case as would not be material to the Group Companies taken as a whole. All amounts that the Group Companies are legally required to withhold from their employees’ wages and to pay to any Governmental Entity as required by Applicable Legal Requirements have been withheld and paid, and the Group Companies do not have any outstanding obligations to make any such withholding or payment, other than with respect to an open payroll period or as would not result in material liability to the Group Companies, taken as whole. There are no pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened in writing Legal Proceedings against any Group Company by any employee in connection with such employee’s employment or termination of employment by such Group Company.

 

(i) Except as would not be material to the Group Companies taken as a whole, no employee or former employee of the Group Companies is owed any wages, benefits or other compensation for past services (other than wages, benefits and compensation accrued during the current pay period and any accrued pay or benefits for services, which by their terms or under Applicable Legal Requirements, are payable in the future, such as but not limited to accrued vacation, recreation leave and severance pay).

 

(j) To the Knowledge of the Company, the execution of this Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not result in any breach or other violation of any collective bargaining agreement, employment agreement, consulting agreement, or any other labor-related agreement to which the Group Companies are a party or bound. The Group Companies have satisfied in all material respects any pre-signing legal or contractual requirement to provide notice to, or to enter into any consultation procedure with, any labor union, labor organization, or works council, which is representing any employee of the Group Companies, in connection with the execution of this Agreement or the Transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

 

4.15 Real Property; Tangible Property.

 

(a) Schedule 4.15(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter lists all real property owned by a Group Company since the Reference Date (the “Currently Owned Real Property”), identifying properties previously owned (the “Previously Owned Real Property”, and together with the Currently Owned Real Property, collectively, the “Owned Real Property”), in each case since the Reference Date. Other than pursuant to agreements listed on Schedule 4.21(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter, the Group Companies have no remaining liabilities, contingent or otherwise, with respect to the Previously Owned Real Property. The Group Companies own good and valid fee simple title (or local equivalent) in and to the Currently Owned Real Property, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens). The improvements, fixtures, building systems and equipment on the Currently Owned Real Property (i) are in good condition and repair in all material respects, subject to reasonable wear and tear, (ii) have reasonable access to public roads or valid easements for ingress and egress and (iii) have access to such sewer, water, gas, electric, telephone and other utilities, in each case, as are reasonably necessary and sufficient to allow the businesses of the Group Companies to be operated as currently conducted by the Group Companies. To the Knowledge of the Company, no condemnation proceeding or proposed action or agreement for taking in lieu of condemnation with respect to the Currently Owned Real Property is pending or threatened. The current use of the Currently Owned Real Property by the Group Companies does not breach in any material respect any restrictive covenants or easements of record, other unrecorded agreement, or other encumbrance affecting any of the Currently Owned Real Property. None of the Group Companies is party to any leases or subleases granting to any party or parties the right of use or occupancy of any portion of any parcel of Currently Owned Real Property, and there are no other parties other than the Group Companies occupying the Currently Owned Real Property. There are no (i) outstanding options, rights of first offer or first negotiation or rights of first refusal in favor of any other party to purchase the Currently Owned Real Property or any material portion thereof or material interest therein or (ii) pending contracts for the sale or ground lease of any Currently Owned Real Property or any portion thereof. The consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not give rise to any third parties having the right to acquire any of the Currently Owned Real Property.

 

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(b) Each Group Company has a valid, binding and enforceable leasehold interest under each of the real property leases under which it is a lessee (the “Company Leased Properties”), free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens) and each of the leases, lease guarantees, agreements and documents related to any Company Leased Properties, including all amendments, terminations and modifications thereof (collectively, the “Company Real Property Leases”), is in full force and effect. The Company has made available to Parent true, correct and complete copies of all material Company Real Property Leases. No Group Company is in breach of or default under any Company Real Property Lease, and, to the Knowledge of the Company, no event has occurred and no circumstance exists which, if not remedied, and whether with or without notice or the passage of time or both, would result in such a default, except for such breaches or defaults as would not individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole. To the Knowledge of the Company, (i) there are no pending condemnation proceedings with respect to any of the Company Leased Properties, and (ii) the current use of the Company Leased Properties does not violate any local planning, zoning or similar land use restrictions of any Governmental Entity in any material respect. No Group Company has received or given any written notice of any default or event that with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a breach or default by any Group Company under any of the Company Real Property Leases and, to the Knowledge of the Company, no other party is in breach or default thereof, except for such breaches or defaults as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole. As of the date of this Agreement, no party to any Company Real Property Lease has exercised any termination rights with respect thereto. Except as permitted after the occurrence of an event of default thereunder, no party to a Company Real Property Lease has the unilateral right to terminate any of the Company Real Property Leases prior to the end of its current term. Schedule 4.15(b) of the Company Disclosure Letter contains a true and correct list of all material Company Real Property Leases. No Person other than the Group Companies has the right to use the Company Leased Properties.

 

(c) Each Group Company has good and marketable title to, or a valid leasehold interest in or right to use, all of its tangible assets, free and clear of all Liens other than: (i) Permitted Liens; (ii) the rights of lessors under any Company Real Property Lease; and (iii) the Liens specifically identified on the Schedule 4.15(b) of the Company Disclosure Letter. The tangible assets (together with the Intellectual Property rights and contractual rights) of the Group Companies: (A) constitute all of the assets, rights and properties that are currently being used for the operation of the businesses of the Group Companies as they are now conducted, and taken together, are adequate and sufficient for the operation of the businesses of the Group Companies as currently conducted; and (B) have been maintained in all material respects in accordance with generally applicable accepted industry practice, are in good operating condition and repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and are adequate and suitable for the uses to which they are being put, in each case of clauses (A) and (B) except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole.

 

4.16 Taxes.

 

(a) All material Tax Returns required to be filed by or on behalf of each Group Company have been duly and timely filed with the appropriate Governmental Entity and all such Tax Returns are true, correct and complete in all material respects. All material amounts of Taxes payable by or on behalf of each Group Company (whether or not shown on any Tax Return) have been fully and timely paid.

 

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(b) Each of the Group Companies has complied in all material respects with all Applicable Legal Requirements relating to the withholding and remittance of all material amounts of Taxes and withheld and paid all material amounts of Taxes required to have been withheld and paid to the appropriate Governmental Entity.

 

(c) No claim, assessment, deficiency or proposed adjustment for any material amount of Tax has been asserted or assessed by any Governmental Entity in writing (nor to the Company’s Knowledge is there any) against the any Group Company which has not been paid or resolved.

 

(d) No material Tax audit or other examination of any Group Company by any Governmental Entity is presently in progress, nor has the Company been notified in writing of any (nor to the Company’s Knowledge is there any) request or threat for such an audit or other examination.

 

(e) There are no liens for Taxes (other than Permitted Liens) upon any of the assets of the Group Companies.

 

(f) Each Group Company has no liability for a material amount of unpaid Taxes which has not been accrued for or reserved on the Company’s Financial Statements, other than any liability for unpaid Taxes that has been incurred since the end of the most recent fiscal year in connection with the operation of the business of the Group Companies in the ordinary course of business.

 

(g) No Group Company: (i) has any liability for the Taxes of another Person (other than any Group Company) pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of state, local or foreign Legal Requirements) or as a transferee or a successor or by Contract (other than pursuant to commercial agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business and the principal purpose of which is not related to Taxes); (ii) is a party to or bound by any Tax indemnity, Tax sharing or Tax allocation agreement (excluding commercial agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business and the principal purposes of which is not related to Taxes); or (iii) has, since the Reference Date, ever been a member of an affiliated, consolidated, combined or unitary group filing for U.S. federal, state or local income Tax purposes, other than a group the common parent of which was and is the Company.

 

(h) No Group Company: (i) has consented to extend the time in which any Tax may be assessed or collected by any Governmental Entity (other than ordinary course extensions of time to file Tax Returns), which extension is still in effect; or (ii) has entered into or been a party to any “listed transaction” within the meaning of Section 6707A(c)(2) of the Code for a taxable period for which the applicable statute of limitations remains open.

 

(i) No Group Company has, or has ever had, a permanent establishment in any country other than the country of its organization, or is, or has ever been, subject to income Tax in a jurisdiction outside the country of its organization, in each case where it is required to file a material income Tax Return and does not file such a Tax Return.

 

(j) Each Group Company is registered for the purposes of sales Tax, use Tax, Transfer Taxes, value added Taxes or any similar Tax in all jurisdictions where it is required by law to be so registered, in each case in all material respects, and has complied in all material respects with all laws relating to such Taxes.

(k) No Group Company has constituted either a “distributing corporation” or a “controlled corporation” (within the meaning of Section 355(a)(1)(A) of the Code) in a distribution of stock intended to qualify for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Code in the two (2) years prior to the date of this Agreement.

 

(l) No Group Company will be required to include any material item of income in, or exclude any material item or deduction from, taxable income for any taxable period beginning after the Closing Date or, in the case of any taxable period beginning on or before and ending after the Closing Date, the portion of such period beginning after the Closing Date, as a result of: (i) an installment sale or open transaction disposition that occurred on or prior to the Closing Date; (ii) any change in method of accounting on or prior to the Closing Date, including by reason of the application of Section 481 of the Code (or any analogous provision of state, local or foreign Legal Requirements); (iii) any prepaid amount received or deferred revenue recognized on or prior to the Closing Date, other than in respect of such amounts reflected in the balance sheets included in the Financial Statements, or received in the ordinary course of business since the date of the most recent balance sheet included in the Financial Statements; (iv) to the Company’s Knowledge, any intercompany transaction described in Treasury Regulations under Section 1502 (or any corresponding or similar provision of state or local Legal Requirements); (v) any closing agreement pursuant to Section 7121 of the Code or any similar provision of state, local or foreign Legal Requirements; or (vi) an election under Section 108(i) of the Code.

 

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(m) No Group Company has been or will be required to include any amount in income after the Closing by reason of Section 965(a) of the Code, or has made an election described in Section 965(h) of the Code.

 

(n) Since the Reference Date, no claim has been made in writing (nor to the Company’s Knowledge has any claim been made) by any Governmental Entity in a jurisdiction in which any Group Company does not file Tax Returns that is or may be subject to Tax by, or required to file Tax Returns in, that jurisdiction.

 

(o) The Company has not been, is not, and immediately prior to the Effective Time will not be, treated as an “investment company” within the meaning of Section 368(a)(2)(F) of the Code.

 

(p) The Company has not taken any action, and it is not aware of any fact or circumstance that would reasonably be expected to prevent the First Merger and the Second Merger, taken together, from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations.

 

4.17 Environmental Matters.

 

(a) Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole:

 

(i) The Group Companies are and have been in compliance with all Environmental Laws, which compliance includes obtaining, maintaining and complying with all Governmental Action/Filings required under applicable Environmental Laws;

 

(ii) (A) The Group Companies possess all permits, approvals, authorizations, consents, licenses or certificates required by all applicable Environmental Laws (collectively, “Environmental Permits”); (B) all such Environmental Permits are valid and in full force and effect; and (C) no Group Company is in default, and, to the Knowledge of Company, no condition exists that with notice or lapse of time or both would constitute a default, under such Environmental Permits;

 

(iii) Neither the Company nor its Subsidiaries are party to any unresolved, pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened complaints, claims, actions, suits, investigations, inquiries, notices, judgments, decrees, injunctions, orders, requests for information or proceedings arising under or related to Environmental Laws. To the Knowledge of the Company, no conditions currently exist with respect to Company Leased Properties that would reasonably be expected to result in any of the Group Companies incurring liabilities or obligations under Environmental Laws; and

 

(iv) No portion of any property currently or formerly owned, used, leased, or operated by any Group Company has been used by any Group Company for the handling, manufacturing, processing, generation, storage or disposal of Hazardous Substances in a manner other than in compliance with applicable Environmental Law and associated Environmental Permits, and there are no Hazardous Substances in the environment (including natural resources, soil, surface water, ground water, any present or potential drinking water supply, subsurface strata or ambient air) in a manner or in quantities that would result in a violation of or give rise to a liability under Environmental Laws at any currently or formerly owned, used, leased or operated property or facility of any Group Company.

 

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(b) The Group Companies have made available to Parent copies of all material environmental assessments (including any phase I or II environmental assessments), studies, audits, analyses or reports relating to Company Leased Properties or the Group Companies and copies of all material, non-privileged documents relating to any material and outstanding liabilities of any of the Group Companies under Environmental Law to the extent such are in the possession, custody, or reasonable control of the Group Companies.

 

4.18 Brokers; Third Party Expenses. The Group Companies have not incurred, nor will any of them incur, directly or indirectly, any liability for brokerage, finders’ fees, agent’s commissions or any similar charges in connection with this Agreement or the Transactions.

 

4.19 Intellectual Property.

 

(a) Schedule 4.19(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter sets forth a true, correct and complete list of all of the following Intellectual Property that is owned by, and material to, the Group Companies: (i) Patents and pending applications for Patents; (ii) registered Trademarks and pending applications for registration of Trademarks; (iii) registered Copyrights and pending applications for registration of Copyrights; and (iv) Internet domain names (the Intellectual Property referred to in clauses (i) through (iv), without any limitations as to materiality, collectively, the “Company Registered Intellectual Property”); and (v) unregistered Trademarks. All of the Company Registered Intellectual Property is subsisting and, to the Knowledge of the Company and excepting any pending applications included therein, valid and enforceable in all material respects and all necessary registration, maintenance, renewal, and other relevant filing fees due through the date of this Agreement have been timely paid and all necessary documents and certificates in connection therewith have been timely filed with the relevant Patent, Trademark, Copyright, domain name registrar, or other authorities in the United States or foreign jurisdictions, as the case may be, for the purpose of maintaining such Company Registered Intellectual Property.

 

(b) The Company or one of its Subsidiaries is the sole and exclusive owner of all right, title and interest in and to all Owned Intellectual Property and has a license, sublicense or otherwise possesses legally enforceable rights, to use all other Intellectual Property used in the conduct of the businesses of the Group Companies as presently conducted, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens). The Owned Intellectual Property and the Licensed Intellectual Property when used within the scope of the applicable Inbound Licenses include all of the Intellectual Property necessary for each of the Group Companies to conduct its business as currently conducted.

 

(c) Since the Reference Date, the conduct of the businesses of the Group Companies has not infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated, and is not infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating, any Intellectual Property rights of any Person. To the Knowledge of the Company, no Person has infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated, or is infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating, any of the Owned Intellectual Property and no such claims have been made in writing against any third party by any of the Group Companies since the Reference Date.

 

(d) There is no action pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened, against any of the Group Companies, and the Company has not received since the Reference Date any notice from any Person pursuant to which any Person is: (i) alleging that the conduct of the business of any of the Group Companies is infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating any Intellectual Property rights of any third party; or (ii) contesting the use, ownership, validity or enforceability of any of the Owned Intellectual Property. None of the Owned Intellectual Property is subject to any pending or outstanding injunction, order, judgment, settlement, consent order, ruling or other disposition of dispute that adversely restricts the use, transfer or registration of, or adversely affects the validity or enforceability of, any such Owned Intellectual Property.

 

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(e) No past or present director, officer or employee of the Company owns (or has any claim or any right (whether or not currently exercisable) to any ownership interest in or to) any material Owned Intellectual Property. Each of the past and present directors, officers, employees, consultants and independent contractors of any of the Group Companies who are or were engaged in creating or developing for such Group Company any material Owned Intellectual Property in the course of such Person’s employment or retention has executed and delivered a written agreement, pursuant to which such Person has: (i) agreed to hold all confidential information of such Group Company in confidence both during and after such Person’s employment or retention, as applicable; and (ii) presently assigned to such Group Company all of such Person’s rights, title and interest in and to all Intellectual Property created or developed for such Group Company in the course of such Person’s employment or retention thereby. To the Knowledge of the Company, there is no material uncured breach by any such Person with respect to its obligation to assign Intellectual Property to a Group Company or to protect the confidential information of such Group Company under any such agreement.

 

(f) Each of the Group Companies, as applicable, has taken commercially reasonable steps to maintain the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all material Trade Secrets included in the Owned Intellectual Property. No Trade Secret that is material to the business of the Group Companies has been authorized to be disclosed, or, to the Knowledge of the Company, has been disclosed to any of the Group Companies’ past or present employees or any other Person, other than as subject to an agreement restricting the disclosure and use of such Trade Secret, and to the Knowledge of the Company, there is no uncured breach by any employee or Person under any such agreement.

 

(g) To the Knowledge of the Company, no funding, facilities or personnel of any Governmental Entity or any university, college, research institute or other educational institution has been or is being used in any material respect to create, in whole or in part, any material Owned Intellectual Property. To the Knowledge of the Company, no current or former employee, consultant or independent contractor of any of the Group Companies who contributed to the creation or development of any material Owned Intellectual Property was performing services for a Governmental Entity or any university, college, research institute or other educational institution related to the Group Companies’ businesses during a period of time during which such employee, consultant or independent contractor was also performing services for any of the Group Companies.

 

(h) The Company or one of its Subsidiaries owns, or has a valid right to access and use pursuant to a written agreement (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall include standard click-through agreements), all computer systems, including the Software, firmware, hardware, networks, interfaces, platforms and related systems, databases, websites and equipment used by any Group Company to process, store, maintain and operate data, information and functions that are material to and used in connection with the businesses of the Group Companies (collectively, the “Company IT Systems”). The Company IT Systems are adequate for the operation of the businesses of the Group Companies as currently conducted. In the last 12 months, there have been no failures, breakdowns, continued substandard performance or other adverse events affecting any such Company IT Systems that have caused or could reasonably be expected to result in the substantial disruption or interruption in or to the use of such Company IT Systems or the conduct of the business of the Group Companies. To the Knowledge of the Company, the Company IT Systems do not contain any viruses, worms, Trojan horses, bugs, faults or other devices, errors, contaminants or code that could (i) materially disrupt or adversely affect the functionality of the Company IT Systems, or (ii) enable or assist any Person to access without authorization, any Company IT Systems, except for access disclosed in the documentation of such Company IT Systems.

 

(i) None of the Group Companies have incorporated any Open Source Software in, or used any Open Source Software in connection with, any material proprietary Group Company Software developed, licensed, distributed, used or otherwise exploited by any of the Group Companies in a manner that requires the contribution, licensing, attribution or disclosure to any third party of any material portion of any proprietary Group Company source code or that would otherwise diminish or transfer the rights of ownership in any material proprietary Intellectual Property of any of the Group Companies to any Person. The Group Companies are in material compliance with the terms and conditions of all relevant licenses for Open Source Software used in the businesses of the Group Companies, including notice and attribution obligations.

 

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(j) The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Group Companies and the consummation of the Transactions will not: (i) result in the breach of, or create on behalf of any third party the right to terminate or modify, any agreement relating to any material Owned Intellectual Property or material Licensed Intellectual Property; (ii) result in or require the grant, assignment or transfer to any other Person (other than Parent, First Merger Sub, Second Merger Sub or any of their respective Affiliates) of any license or other right or interest under, to or in any material Owned Intellectual Property or any of the Intellectual Property of Parent, First Merger Sub, Second Merger Sub or any of their respective Affiliates; or (iii) cause a material loss or impairment of any material Owned Intellectual Property or material Licensed Intellectual Property.

 

4.20 Privacy.

 

(a) Each of the Group Companies and any Person acting for or on behalf of any of the Group Companies have since the Reference Date at all times (in the case of any such Person, during the time such Person was acting for or on behalf of such Group Company and as applicable to such Group Company) complied in all material respects with: (i) all applicable Privacy Laws; (ii) all of the applicable Group Company’s applicable policies, records and notices regarding the processing of Personal Information; and (iii) all of such Group Company’s applicable contractual obligations with respect to the receipt, collection, compilation, use, storage, processing, sharing, safeguarding, security (technical, physical and administrative), disposal, destruction, disclosure, or transfer (including cross-border) of Personal Information. None of the Group Companies have, since the Reference Date, (i) received any written notice of any requests (including from individuals exercising their rights under Privacy Laws) or claims of (including written notice from third parties acting on its or their behalves), nor have any of the Group Companies been charged with, a material violation of any Privacy Laws, applicable privacy policies, or contractual commitments with respect to Personal Information or (ii) been subject to any threatened investigations, notices or requests from any Governmental Entity in relation to their data processing activities. None of the Group Companies is in material violation of its applicable privacy policies, rules or notices (including its own).

 

(b) Each of the Group Companies has, as applicable, since the Reference Date: (i) implemented and at all times maintained appropriate safeguards, which safeguards are consistent with best practices in the industry in which the applicable Group Company operates, to protect Personal Information and other confidential data in its possession or under its control against loss, theft, misuse or unauthorized access, use, modification or disclosure; (ii) entered into written agreements with all third-party service providers, outsourcers, processors or other third parties who process, store or otherwise handle Personal Information for or on behalf of the applicable Group Company that obligate such Persons to comply with applicable Privacy Laws and to take appropriate steps to protect and secure Personal Information from loss, theft, misuse or unauthorized access, use, modification or disclosure; and (iii) any third party who has provided Personal Information to any of the Group Companies has to the Knowledge of the Company done so in compliance with applicable Privacy Laws, including providing any notice and obtaining any consent required under such Privacy Laws.

 

(c) Since the Reference Date there have beeen no material breaches, security incidents, misuse of or unauthorized access to or disclosure of any Personal Information in the possession or control of any of the Group Companies or collected, used or processed by or on behalf of the Group Companies, and none of the Group Companies have provided or been legally or contractually required to provide any notices to any Person in connection with a disclosure of Personal Information since the Reference Date. Each of the Group Companies has implemented reasonable disaster recovery and business continuity plans, and taken actions consistent with such plans to safeguard the data and Personal Information in its possession or control. Each of the applicable Group Companies has conducted privacy and data security testing or audits at reasonable and appropriate intervals consistent with applicable cybersecurity standards and have resolved or remediated any material privacy or data security issues or vulnerabilities identified. None of the Group Companies nor any third party acting at the direction or authorization of the Group Companies has paid: (i) any perpetrator of any data breach incident or cyber-attack; or (ii) any third party with actual or alleged information about a data breach incident or cyber-attack, pursuant to a request for payment from or on behalf of such perpetrator or other third party.

 

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4.21 Agreements, Contracts and Commitments.

 

(a) Schedule 4.21(a) of the Company Disclosure Letter sets forth a true, correct and complete list of each Company Material Contract (as defined below) that is in effect as of the date of this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, “Company Material Contract” of the Group Companies shall mean:

 

(i) any Contract or purchase commitment reasonably expected to result in future payments to or by any Group Company in excess of $10,000,000 per annum;

 

(ii) any Contract with the top 20 customers of the Group Companies (the “Material Customers”) and top 20 suppliers and distributors of the Group Companies (the “Material Suppliers”) as determined by revenue and dollar volume of payments, respectively, in each case during the 12-month period prior to the date of this Agreement;

 

(iii) any material Government Contract;

 

(iv) any Contract that purports to limit (A) the localities in which the Group Companies’ businesses are conducted, (B) any Group Company from engaging in any line of business or (C) any Group Company from developing, marketing or selling products or services, in each case, in any manner that is material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole, including any non-compete agreements or agreements limiting the ability of any of the Group Companies from soliciting customers or employees, in a manner that is material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole;

 

(v) any Contract with a Material Customer or Material Supplier that imposes obligations on any of the Group Companies to provide “most favored nation” pricing to any of its customers, or that contains any “take or pay” or minimum requirements with any of its suppliers, right of first refusal or other similar provisions with respect to any transaction engaged in by any of the Group Companies;

 

(vi) any Contract that is related to the governance or operation of any joint venture, partnership or similar arrangement, other than such contract solely between or among any of the Group Companies;

 

(vii) any Contract for or relating to any borrowing of money by or from the Company, including the Existing Credit Agreements;

 

(viii) any employment, consulting (with respect to an individual, independent contractor) or management Contract providing for annual payments in excess of $350,000, excluding any such employment, consulting, or management Contract that either: (A) is terminable by the Company at will; or (B) provides for notice and/or garden leave obligations as required by Applicable Legal Requirements, in each case, so long as such Contract does not provide for: (1) severance or similar obligations; (2) transaction bonuses or change in control payments; or (3) tax gross-ups;

 

(ix) any Contract (other than those made in the ordinary course of business): (A) providing for the grant of any preferential rights to purchase or lease any asset of the Company; or (B) providing for any right (exclusive or non-exclusive) to sell or distribute any material product or service of any of the Group Companies;

 

(x) any obligation to register any Company Membership Interests or other securities of the Group Companies with any Governmental Entity (other than ordinary course requirements of foreign Applicable Legal Requirements related to the recording with an applicable Governmental Entity of the ownership of non-U.S. Group Companies);

 

(xi) any Contracts entered into since the Reference Date for the sale of any of the business, properties or assets of any Group Company or the acquisition by any Group Company of any operating business, properties or assets, whether by merger, purchase or sale of stock or assets or otherwise, in each case involving consideration therefor in an amount in excess of $10,000,000 (other than Contracts for the purchase of inventory or supplies entered into in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice);

 

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(xii) any obligation to make payments, contingent or otherwise, arising out of the prior acquisition of the business, assets or stock of other Persons;

 

(xiii) any labor agreement, collective bargaining agreement, or any other labor-related agreements or arrangements with any labor union, labor organization, or works council;

 

(xiv) any Contract for the use by any of the Group Companies of any tangible property where the annual lease payments are greater than $400,000 (other than any lease of vehicles, office equipment or operating equipment made in the ordinary course of business);

 

(xv) any Contract under which any of the Group Companies: (A) licenses material Intellectual Property from any third party (“Inbound License”), other than non-exclusive licenses for Software that are (x) subject to a total license fee of less than $50,000 per year or $150,000 in the aggregate or (y) that are in the nature of “shrink-wrap” or “click-wrap” license agreements for off-the-shelf Software that has not been modified; (B) licenses Intellectual Property to any third party (other than non-exclusive licenses granted to suppliers or vendors engaged to supply products or provide services to such Group Company or to distributors or customers in the ordinary course of business); or (C) is developing or has developed any material Intellectual Property, itself or through a third party, except, in each case, for any of such license or development Contracts that are not material for the operation of the Group Companies;

 

(xvi) each Contract with any academic institution, research center or Governmental Entity that provides for the provision of funding to the Company for research and development or similar activities involving the creation of any material Intellectual Property or other assets; and

 

(xvii) any written offer or proposal which, if accepted, would constitute any of the foregoing.

(b) Each Company Material Contract is in full force and effect and represents a legal, valid and binding obligation of the applicable Group Company party thereto and, to the Knowledge of the Company, represents a legal, valid and binding obligation of the counterparties thereto, except insofar as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally or by principles governing the availability of equitable remedies. True, correct and complete copies of all Company Material Contracts have been made available to Parent.

(c) Neither the Company nor, to the Knowledge of the Company, any other party thereto, is in breach of or in default under, and no event has occurred which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a breach of or default under, any Company Material Contract, and no party to any Company Material Contract has given any written notice of any claim of any such breach, default or event, which, individually or in the aggregate, are reasonably likely to be material to the Group Companies, taken as a whole.

 

4.22 Insurance. Each of the Group Companies maintains insurance policies or fidelity or surety bonds covering its assets, business, equipment, properties, operations, employees, officers and directors (collectively, the “Insurance Policies”) covering all material insurable risks in respect of its business and assets, and the Insurance Policies are in full force and effect. The coverages provided by such Insurance Policies are usual and customary in amount and scope for the Group Companies’ business and operations as concurrently conducted, and sufficient to comply with any insurance required to be maintained by Company Material Contracts. No written notice of cancellation or termination has been received by any Group Company with respect to any of the effective Insurance Policies. There is no pending material claim by any Group Company against any insurance carrier under any of the existing Insurance Policies for which coverage has been denied or disputed by the applicable insurance carrier (other than a customary reservation of rights notice).

 

4.23 Interested Party Transactions. No employee, officer, director or manager of the Group Companies or any of their respective immediate family members is indebted to the Group Companies for borrowed money, nor are any of the Group Companies indebted for borrowed money (or committed to make loans or extend or guarantee credit) to any of such Persons, other than: (a) for payment of salary, bonuses and other compensation for services rendered; (b) reimbursement for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with any of the Group Companies; and (c) for other employee benefits made generally available to all employees. To the Knowledge of the Company, no officer, director, employee, manager or holder of derivative securities of the Group Companies (each, an “Insider”) or any member of an Insider’s immediate family is, directly or indirectly, interested in any Contract with any of the Group Companies (other than such Contracts as relate to any such Person’s ownership of Company Membership Interests or other securities of the Group Companies or such Person’s employment or consulting arrangements with the Group Companies).

 

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4.24 Information Supplied. The information relating to the Group Companies supplied by the Company for inclusion in the Proxy Statement will not, as of the date on which the Proxy Statement (or any amendment or supplement thereto) is first distributed to holders of Parent Class A Stock or at the time of the Special Meeting, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements contained therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company makes no representation, warranty or covenant with respect to: (a) statements made or incorporated by reference therein based on information supplied by Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub for inclusion or incorporation by reference in the Proxy Statement or any Parent SEC Reports; or (b) any projections or forecasts included in the Proxy Statement.

 

4.25 IndebtednessSchedule 4.25 of the Company Disclosure Letter sets forth the outstanding principal amount of the Borrowed Indebtedness and the amount of all other outstanding Indebtedness of the Group Companies (other than the Borrowed Indebtedness) as of the close of business on November 30, 2019.

 

4.26 Anti-Bribery; Anti-Corruption. Since the Reference Date, none of the Group Companies or, to the Knowledge of any the Company, any of the Group Companies’ respective directors, officers, employees, Affiliates or any other Persons acting on their behalf, at their direction or for their benefit has, in connection with the operation of the business of the Group Companies, directly or indirectly: (a) made, offered or promised to make or offer any payment, loan or transfer of anything of value, including any reward, advantage or benefit of any kind, to or for the benefit of any government official, candidate for public office, political party or political campaign, or any official of such party or campaign, for the purpose of: (i) influencing any act or decision of such government official, candidate, party or campaign or any official of such party or campaign; (ii) inducing such government official, candidate, party or campaign or any official of such party or campaign to do or omit to do any act in violation of a lawful duty; (iii) obtaining or retaining business for or with any Person; (iv) expediting or securing the performance of official acts of a routine nature; or (v) otherwise securing any improper advantage; (b) paid, offered or agreed or promised to make or offer any bribe, payoff, influence payment, kickback, unlawful rebate or other similar unlawful payment of any nature; (c) made, offered or agreed or promised to make or offer any unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenditures; (d) established or maintained any unlawful fund of corporate monies or other properties; (e) created or caused the creation of any false or inaccurate books and records related to any of the foregoing; or (f) otherwise violated any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, 15 U.S.C. §§78dd-1, et seq., the United Kingdom Bribery Act 2010 or any other applicable anti-corruption or anti-bribery Legal Requirements (the “Anti-Corruption Laws”). None of the Group Companies or any of the Group Companies’ respective directors, officers, employees, Affiliates or, to the Knowledge of the Company, any other Persons acting on their behalf, at their direction or for their benefit, (i) is or has been the subject of an unresolved claim or allegation relating to (A) any potential violation of the Anti-Corruption Laws or (B) any potentially unlawful payment, contribution, gift, bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other payment or the provision of anything of value, directly or indirectly, to an official, to any political party or official thereof or to any candidate for political office, or (ii) has received any notice or other communication from, or made a voluntary disclosure to, any Governmental Entity regarding any actual, alleged or potential violation of, or failure to comply with, any Anti-Corruption Law. Since the Reference Date, the Group Companies have had and maintained a system or systems of internal controls reasonably designed to (x) ensure compliance with the Anti-Corruption Laws and (y) prevent and detect violations of the Anti-Corruption Laws.

 

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4.27 International Trade; Sanctions.

 

(a) Since the Reference Date, the Group Companies, the Group Companies’ respective directors, officers, employees, Affiliates or, and, to the Knowledge of the Company, any other Persons acting on their behalf, in connection with the operation of the business of the Group Companies, and in each case in all material respects, (a) have been in compliance with all applicable Customs & International Trade Laws, (b) have obtained all import and export licenses and all other consents, notices, waivers, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations, classifications and filings required for the export, deemed export, import, re-export, deemed re-export or transfer of goods, services, software and technology required for the operation of the respective businesses of the Group Companies, including the Customs & International Trade Authorizations; (c) have not been the subject of any civil or criminal fine, penalty, seizure, forfeiture, revocation of a Customs & International Trade Authorization, debarment or denial of future Customs & International Trade Authorizations in connection with any actual or alleged violation of any applicable Customs & International Trade Laws; and (d) have not received any actual or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened claims, investigations or requests for information by a Governmental Entity with respect to Customs & International Trade Authorizations and compliance with applicable Customs & International Trade Laws and have not made any disclosures to any Governmental Entity with respect to any actual or potential noncompliance with any applicable Customs & International Trade Laws. The Group Companies have in place adequate controls and systems reasonably designed to ensure compliance with applicable Customs & International Trade Laws in each of the jurisdictions in which the Group Companies or any of their respective Affiliates is incorporated or does business.

 

(b) None of the Group Companies or any of the Group Companies’ respective directors, officers, employees, Affiliates or, to the Knowledge of the Company, any other Persons acting on their behalf is or has been since the Reference Date, a Sanctioned Person. Since the Reference Date, the Group Companies and the Group Companies’ respective directors, officers, employees, Affiliates or, to the Knowledge of the Company, any other Persons acting on their behalf have, in connection with the operation of the business of the Group Companies, been in compliance with any Sanctions. Since the Reference Date, (i) no Governmental Entity has initiated any action or imposed any civil or criminal fine, penalty, seizure, forfeiture, revocation of an authorization, debarment or denial of future authorizations against any of the Group Companies or any of their respective directors, officers, employees, Affiliates, or, to the Knowledge of the Company, any other Persons acting on their behalf in connection with any actual or alleged violation of any Sanctions, (ii) there have been no actual or threatened claims, investigations or requests for information by a Governmental Entity received by a Group Company with respect to the Group Companies’ or any of their respective Affiliates’ compliance with Sanctions and (iii) and no disclosures have been made to any Governmental Entity with respect to any actual or potential noncompliance with Sanctions. The Group Companies have in place adequate controls and systems reasonably designed to ensure compliance with Sanctions in each of the jurisdictions in which the Group Companies or any of their respective Affiliates is incorporated or does business.

 

4.28 Customers and Suppliers. Since January 1, 2019, no Group Company has received any written or, to the Knowledge of the Company, oral notice that any Group Company is in material breach of or material default under any Contract with any Material Customer or Material Supplier or that any such Material Customer or Material Supplier intends to cease doing business with any Group Company or materially decrease the volume of business that it is presently conducting with any Group Company.

 

4.29 Product Liabilities and Recalls. Since the Reference Date, (i) each product and service offering manufactured or sold by any of the Group Companies has been manufactured or sold in material conformity with all contractual commitments and all standard warranties, in each case, to the extent applicable; (ii) the Group Companies have not incurred any material obligations for replacement or repair of any of their products or service offerings or other damages in connection therewith; (iii) there are no existing or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened, product warranty, product liability or product recall or similar claims involving any of the products of the Group Companies; (iv) there have been no product recalls of any of the products of the Group Companies; and (v) the Group Companies have not been denied product liability insurance coverage by a third-party insurance provider.

 

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4.30 Disclaimer of Other Warranties. THE COMPANY HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT, EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THIS AGREEMENT, NONE OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES HAS MADE, IS MAKING, OR SHALL BE DEEMED TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AT LAW OR IN EQUITY, TO THE COMPANY, THE SELLER, ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES OR ANY OTHER PERSON, WITH RESPECT TO PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE BUSINESSES, ASSETS OR PROPERTIES OF THE FOREGOING, OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, FUTURE RESULTS, PROPOSED BUSINESSES OR FUTURE PLANS. WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING AND NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY: (A) NONE OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES SHALL BE DEEMED TO MAKE TO THE COMPANY, THE SELLER OR THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OTHER THAN AS EXPRESSLY MADE BY PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB AND SECOND MERGER SUB TO THE COMPANY AND THE SELLER IN THIS AGREEMENT; AND (B) NONE OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB NOR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES, HAS MADE, IS MAKING OR SHALL BE DEEMED TO MAKE TO THE COMPANY, THE SELLER OR THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES OR ANY OTHER PERSON ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO: (I) THE INFORMATION DISTRIBUTED OR MADE AVAILABLE TO THEM BY OR ON BEHALF OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB OR SECOND MERGER SUB IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT AND THE TRANSACTIONS; (II) ANY MANAGEMENT PRESENTATION, CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION MEMORANDUM OR SIMILAR DOCUMENT; OR (III) ANY FINANCIAL PROJECTION, FORECAST, ESTIMATE, BUDGET OR SIMILAR ITEM RELATING TO PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB OR ANY OF THEIR BUSINESS, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, PROPERTIES, FINANCIAL CONDITION, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND PROJECTED OPERATIONS OF THE FOREGOING. THE COMPANY HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT HAS NOT RELIED ON ANY PROMISE, REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY THAT IS NOT EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT. THE COMPANY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT HAS CONDUCTED, TO ITS SATISFACTION, AN INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION AND VERIFICATION OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB AND THE BUSINESS, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, PROPERTIES, FINANCIAL CONDITION, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND PROJECTED OPERATIONS OF THE FOREGOING, AND IN MAKING ITS DETERMINATION THE COMPANY HAS RELIED ON THE RESULTS OF ITS OWN INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION AND VERIFICATION, IN ADDITION TO THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB AND SECOND MERGER SUB EXPRESSLY AND SPECIFICALLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY IN THIS SECTION 4.30, CLAIMS AGAINST PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB OR ANY OTHER PERSON SHALL NOT BE LIMITED IN ANY RESPECT IN THE EVENT OF INTENTIONAL FRAUD IN THE MAKING OF THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES IN THIS AGREEMENT BY SUCH PERSON. THE COMPANY HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT PARENT MAKES NO REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY OR COVENANT INCLUDING PURSUANT TO SECTION 5.7(A) WITH RESPECT TO (X) STATEMENTS MADE OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN ANY PARENT SEC REPORTS OR ADDITIONAL PARENT SEC REPORTS BASED ON INFORMATION SUPPLIED BY THE GROUP COMPANIES FOR INCLUSION OR INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE IN THE PROXY STATEMENT, OR (Y) ANY PROJECTIONS OR FORECASTS INCLUDED IN THE PROXY STATEMENT.

 

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ARTICLE V

 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB AND

SECOND MERGER SUB

 

Except: (i) as set forth in the letter dated as of the date of this Agreement and delivered by Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub to the Company on or prior to the date of this Agreement (the “Parent Disclosure Letter”); and (ii) as disclosed in the Parent SEC Reports filed or furnished with the SEC prior to the date of this Agreement (to the extent the qualifying nature of such disclosure is readily apparent from the content of such Parent SEC Reports) excluding disclosures referred to in “Forward-Looking Statements”, “Risk Factors” and any other disclosures therein to the extent they are of a predictive or cautionary nature or related to forward-looking statements, Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub represent and warrant to the Company and the Seller as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date as follows:

 

5.1 Organization and Qualification.

 

(a) Each of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub is a company duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and, as of immediately prior to the Closing, will be a company duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware.

 

(b) Each of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub has the requisite corporate or limited liability company power and authority to own, lease and operate its assets and properties and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted, except as would not be material to Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub, taken as a whole.

 

(c) None of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub is in violation of any of the provisions of their respective Governing Documents.

 

(d) Each of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub is duly qualified or licensed to do business as a foreign corporation or limited liability company and is in good standing in each jurisdiction where the character of the properties owned, leased or operated by it or the nature of its activities makes such qualification or licensing necessary. Each jurisdiction in which Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub are so qualified or licensed is listed on Schedule 5.1(d) of the Parent Disclosure Letter.

 

5.2 Parent Subsidiaries. Parent has no direct or indirect Subsidiaries or participations in joint ventures or other entities, and does not own, directly or indirectly, any equity interests or other interests or investments (whether equity or debt) in any Person, whether incorporated or unincorporated, other than First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub. Neither First Merger Sub nor Second Merger Sub has any assets or properties of any kind, does not now conduct and has never conducted any business, and has and will have at the Closing no obligations or liabilities of any nature whatsoever, except for such obligations as are imposed under this Agreement. First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub are entities that have been formed solely for the purpose of engaging in the Transactions.

 

5.3 Capitalization.

 

(a) As of the date of this Agreement: (i) 5,000,000 shares of preference stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Parent (“Parent Preferred Stock”) are authorized and no such shares are issued and outstanding; (ii) 500,000,000 shares of Class A common stock of Parent, par value $0.0001 per share (“Parent Class A Stock”), are authorized and 69,000,000 of such shares are issued and outstanding; (iii) 20,000,000 shares of Class B common stock of Parent, par value $0.0001 per share (“Parent Class B Stock” and, together with the Parent Preferred Stock and the Parent Class A Stock, the “Parent Shares”), are authorized and of such shares 17,250,000 are issued and outstanding, and upon the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Subscription Agreements, Parent has committed to issue 123,900,000 shares of Parent Class A Stock to the PIPE Investors; (iv) 10,533,333 warrants to purchase one share of Parent Class A Stock (the “Private Placement Warrants”) are outstanding; and (v) 22,999,982 warrants to purchase one share of Parent Class A Stock (the “Public Warrants”, collectively with the Private Placement Warrants, the “Parent Warrants”) are outstanding. All outstanding Parent Class A Stock and Parent Class B Stock have been duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and are non- assessable and are not subject to, nor have been issued in violation of, any purchase option, call option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, subscription right or any similar right. The Parent Warrants have been validly issued, and constitute valid and binding obligations of Parent, enforceable against Parent in accordance with their terms, except insofar as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally or by principles governing the availability of equitable remedies.

 

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(b) As of the date hereof, all outstanding membership interests of First Merger Sub (i) have been duly authorized, validly issued and are not subject to any purchase option, call option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, subscription right or any similar right and (ii) are owned by Parent, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens).

 

(c) As of the date hereof, all outstanding membership interests of Second Merger Sub (i) have been duly authorized, validly issued and are not subject to any purchase option, call option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, subscription right or any similar right and (ii) are owned by Parent, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens).

 

(d) Except for the Parent Warrants, Parent Class B Stock and the Subscription Agreements, there are no outstanding options, warrants, rights, convertible or exchangeable securities, “phantom” stock rights, stock appreciation rights, stock-based performance units, commitments or Contracts of any kind to which Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub is a party or by which any of them is bound obligating Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub to issue, deliver or sell, or cause to be issued, delivered or sold, additional Parent Shares, First Merger Sub membership interests, Second Merger Sub membership interests or any other shares of capital stock or membership interests or other interest or participation in, or any security convertible or exercisable for or exchangeable into, Parent Shares, First Merger Sub membership interests, Second Merger Sub membership interests or any other shares of capital stock or membership interests or other interest or participation in Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub.

 

(e) Each Parent Share, First Merger Sub membership interest, Second Merger Sub membership interest and Parent Warrant: (i) has been issued in compliance in all material respects with (A) Applicable Legal Requirements and (B) the Governing Documents of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub, as applicable; and (ii) was not issued in violation of any purchase option, call option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, subscription right or any similar right under any Applicable Legal Requirements, the Governing Documents of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub, as applicable or any Contract to which any of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub is a party or otherwise bound by.

 

(f) All outstanding membership interests of the Subsidiaries of Parent are owned by Parent, or a direct or indirect wholly-owned Subsidiary of Parent, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens).

 

(g) Subject to approval of the Parent Stockholder Matters, the shares of Parent Class A Stock to be issued by Parent in connection with the Transactions, upon issuance in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and the Subscription Agreements, as applicable, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and will not be subject to any preemptive rights of any other stockholder of Parent and will be capable of effectively vesting in the Seller title to all such securities, free and clear of all Liens (other than Liens arising pursuant to applicable securities Legal Requirements).

 

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(h) Each holder of Parent Class B Stock: (i) is obligated to vote all of such holder’s Parent Shares in favor of approving the Transactions; and (ii) is not entitled to elect to redeem any of such holder’s Parent Shares pursuant to the Parent Organizational Documents.

 

(i) Except as set forth in the Parent Organizational Documents or the Current Registration Rights Agreement or in connection with the Transactions, there are no registration rights, and there is no voting trust, proxy, rights plan, anti-takeover plan or other agreements or understandings to which Parent is a party or by which Parent is bound with respect to any ownership interests of Parent.

 

(j) The adjustment to the Initial Conversion Ratio (as defined in the Parent Charter) has been waived.

 

5.4 Authority Relative to this Agreement. Each of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub has the requisite corporate or limited liability company power and authority to: (a) execute, deliver and perform this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which it is a party, and each ancillary document that it has executed or delivered or is to execute or deliver pursuant to this Agreement; and (b) carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder and to consummate the Transactions (including the Mergers). The execution and delivery by Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub of this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which each of them is a party, and the consummation by Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub of the Transactions (including the Mergers) have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary corporate or limited liability company action on the part of each of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub, and no other proceedings on the part of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub are necessary to authorize this Agreement or the other Transaction Agreements to which each of them is a party or to consummate the transactions contemplated thereby, other than approval of the Parent Stockholder Matters. This Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which each of them is a party have been duly and validly executed and delivered by Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery thereof by the other Parties, constitute the legal and binding obligations of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub (as applicable), enforceable against Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub (as applicable) in accordance with their terms, except insofar as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally or by principles governing the availability of equitable remedies.

 

5.5 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents.

 

(a) Subject to the approval by the stockholders of Parent of the Parent Stockholder Matters, neither the execution, delivery nor performance by Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub of this Agreement or the other Transaction Agreements to which each of them is a party, nor the consummation of the Transactions, shall: (i) conflict with or violate their respective Governing Documents; (ii) assuming that the consents, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, filings or permits referred to in Section 5.5(b) are duly and timely obtained or made, conflict with or violate any Applicable Legal Requirements; or (iii) result in any breach of or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or materially impair their respective rights or alter the rights or obligations of any third party under, or give to others any rights of consent, termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, or result in the creation of a Lien (other than any Permitted Lien) on any of the properties or assets of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to, any Contracts, except, with respect to clause (iii), as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Parent Material Adverse Effect.

 

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(b) The execution and delivery by each of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub of this Agreement and the other Transaction Agreements to which it is a party does not, and the performance of its obligations hereunder and thereunder will not, require any consent, approval, authorization or permit of, or filing with or notification to, any Governmental Entity, except: (i) for the filing of the Certificates of Merger in accordance with the DLLCA; (ii) for applicable requirements, if any, of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, blue sky laws, foreign securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder, and appropriate documents received from or filed with the relevant authorities of other jurisdictions in which Parent is qualified to do business; (iii) for the filing of any notifications required under the HSR Act, the filings required pursuant to Antitrust Laws and the expiration of the required waiting periods thereunder; (iv) the consents, approvals, authorizations, and permits described in Schedule 8.1(c) of the Parent Disclosure Letter and (v) where the failure to obtain such consents, approvals, authorizations or permits, or to make such filings or notifications, would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Parent Material Adverse Effect.

 

5.6 Compliance; Approvals. Since its incorporation or organization, as applicable, each of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub has complied in all material respects with and has not been in violation of any Applicable Legal Requirements with respect to the conduct of its business, or the ownership or operation of its business. Since the date of its incorporation or organization, as applicable, to the Knowledge of Parent, no investigation or review by any Governmental Entity with respect to Parent or any of its Subsidiaries has been pending or threatened. No written or, to the Knowledge of Parent, oral notice of non-compliance with any Applicable Legal Requirements has been received by any of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub. Each of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub is in possession of all Approvals necessary to own, lease and operate the properties it purports to own, operate or lease and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted, except where the failure to have such Approvals would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub, taken as a whole. Each Approval held by Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub is valid, binding and in full force and effect. None of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub: (a) are in default or violation (and no event has occurred that, with notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute a default or violation) of any material term, condition or provision of any such Approval; or (b) have received any notice from a Governmental Entity that has issued any such Approval that it intends to cancel, terminate, modify or not renew any such Approval.

 

5.7 Parent SEC Reports and Financial Statements.

 

(a) Parent has filed all forms, reports, schedules, statements and other documents required to be filed or furnished by Parent with the SEC under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act since Parent’s incorporation to the date of this Agreement, together with any amendments, restatements or supplements thereto (all of the foregoing filed prior to the date of this Agreement, the “Parent SEC Reports”), and will have filed all such forms, reports, schedules, statements and other documents required to be filed subsequent to the date of this Agreement through the Closing Date (the “Additional Parent SEC Reports”). All Parent SEC Reports, Additional Parent SEC Reports, any correspondence from or to the SEC (other than such correspondence in connection with the initial public offering of Parent) and all certifications and statements required by: (i) Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 under the Exchange Act; or (ii) 18 U.S.C. § 1350 (Section 906) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with respect to any of the foregoing (collectively, the “Certifications”) are available on the SEC’s Electronic Data-Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system (EDGAR) in full without redaction. Parent has heretofore furnished to the Company true and correct copies of all amendments and modifications that have not been filed by Parent with the SEC to all agreements, documents and other instruments that previously had been filed by Parent with the SEC and are currently in effect. The Parent SEC Reports were, and the Additional Parent SEC Reports will be, prepared in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as the case may be, and the rules and regulations thereunder. The Parent SEC Reports did not, and the Additional Parent SEC Reports will not, at the time they were or are filed, as the case may be, with the SEC contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Certifications are each true and correct in all material respects. Parent maintains disclosure controls and procedures required by Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Each director and executive officer of Parent has filed with the SEC on a timely basis all statements required with respect to Parent by Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. As used in this Section 5.7, the term “file” shall be broadly construed to include any manner in which a document or information is furnished, supplied or otherwise made available to the SEC or the NYSE.

 

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(b) The financial statements and notes of Parent contained or incorporated by reference in the Parent SEC Reports fairly present, and the financial statements and notes of Parent to be contained in or to be incorporated by reference in the Additional Parent SEC Reports will fairly present in all material respects the financial condition and the results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows of Parent as at the respective dates of, and for the periods referred to in, such financial statements, all in accordance with: (i) U.S. GAAP; and (ii) Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K, as applicable, subject, in the case of interim financial statements, to normal recurring year-end adjustments (the effect of which will not, individually or in the aggregate, be material) and the omission of notes to the extent permitted by Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K, as applicable. Parent has no off-balance sheet arrangements that are not disclosed in the Parent SEC Reports. No financial statements other than those of Parent are required by U.S. GAAP to be included in the consolidated financial statements of Parent.

 

5.8 Absence of Certain Changes or Events. Except as set forth in Parent SEC Reports filed prior to the date of this Agreement, and except as contemplated by this Agreement, since September 30, 2019, there has not been: (a) any Parent Material Adverse Effect; (b) any declaration, setting aside or payment of any dividend on, or other distribution in respect of, any of Parent’s capital stock, or any purchase, redemption or other acquisition by Parent of any of Parent’s capital stock or any other securities of Parent or any options, warrants, calls or rights to acquire any such shares or other securities; (c) any split, combination or reclassification of any of Parent’s capital stock; (d) any material change by Parent in its accounting methods, principles or practices, except as required by concurrent changes in U.S. GAAP (or any interpretation thereof) or Applicable Legal Requirements; (e) any change in the auditors of Parent; (f) any issuance of capital stock of Parent; (g) any revaluation by Parent of any of its assets, including, without limitation, any sale of assets of Parent other than in the ordinary course of business; or (h) any action taken or agreed upon by Parent or any of its Subsidiaries that would be prohibited by Section 6.2 if such action were taken on or after the date hereof without the consent of the Seller.

 

5.9 Litigation. There are no Legal Proceedings pending or, to the Knowledge of Parent, threatened in writing against or otherwise relating to Parent or any of its Subsidiaries, before any Governmental Entity: (a) challenging or seeking to enjoining, alter or materially delay the Transactions; or (b) that would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to be material to Parent.

 

5.10 Business Activities. Since their respective dates of incorporation, neither Parent, First Merger Sub nor Second Merger Sub has conducted any business activities other than activities: (a) in connection with its organization; (b) in connection with its initial public offering; and (c) directed toward the accomplishment of a business combination. Except as set forth in the Parent Organizational Documents, there is no Contract or Order binding upon Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub or to which any of them is a party which has or could reasonably be expected to have the effect of prohibiting or materially impairing any business practice of it, any acquisition of property by it or the conduct of business by it as currently conducted or as currently contemplated to be conducted (including, in each case, following the Closing).

 

5.11 Parent Material ContractsSchedule 5.11 of the Parent Disclosure Letter sets forth a true, correct and complete list of each “material contract” (as such term is defined in Regulation S-K) to which Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub is party (the “Parent Material Contracts”), other than any such Parent Material Contract that is listed as an exhibit to Parent’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

 

5.12 Parent Listing. The Parent Units are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and are listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “GSAH.U”. As of the date of this Agreement, the issued and outstanding shares of Parent Class A Stock are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and are listed for trading on the NYSE under the symbol “GSAH”. The Parent Warrants are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and are listed for trading on the NYSE under the symbol “GSAH WS”. There is no action or proceeding pending or, to the Knowledge of Parent, threatened in writing against Parent by the NYSE or the SEC with respect to any intention by such entity to deregister the Parent Units, the shares of Parent Class A Stock or Parent Warrants or to terminate the listing of Parent on the NYSE. None of Parent or any of its Affiliates has taken any action in an attempt to terminate the registration of the Parent Units, the Parent Class A Stock or Parent Warrants under the Exchange Act.

 

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5.13 PIPE Investment Amount. Pursuant to, and on the terms and subject to the conditions of, certain subscription agreements (together with any agreements or instruments with respect to any assignments or transfers contemplated therein or otherwise permitted thereby, and as they may be amended in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the “Subscription Agreements”) entered into by Parent and the applicable investors named therein (collectively, with any permitted assignees or transferees, the “PIPE Investors”), the PIPE Investors have agreed to purchase shares of Parent Class A Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $1,239,000,000 (the “PIPE Investment Amount”). The PIPE Investment Amount, together with the amount in the Trust Account at the Closing, are in the aggregate sufficient to enable Parent to pay all cash amounts required to be paid by Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub pursuant to this Agreement prior to or at Closing. To Parent’s Knowledge with respect to each PIPE Investor, the Subscription Agreements are in full force and effect and have not been withdrawn or terminated, or otherwise amended or modified, in any respect, and no withdrawal, termination, amendment or modification is contemplated by Parent, except in each case for such assignments of subscription obligations contemplated by or permitted by the Subscription Agreements. Each Subscription Agreement is a legal, valid and binding obligation of Parent and, to Parent’s Knowledge, each PIPE Investor, except insofar as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally or by principles governing the availability of equitable remedies. Other than as contemplated by or referred to in the Subscription Agreements and except as set forth in Section 7.25 hereof, there are no other agreements, side letters or arrangements between Parent and any PIPE Investor relating to any Subscription Agreement that could affect the obligation of the PIPE Investors to contribute to Parent the applicable portion of the PIPE Investment Amount set forth in the Subscription Agreements, and, as of the date hereof, Parent does not know of any facts or circumstances that may reasonably be expected to result in any of the conditions set forth in any Subscription Agreement not being satisfied, or the PIPE Investment Amount not being available to Parent, on the Closing Date. No event has occurred that, with or without notice, lapse of time or both, would constitute a default or breach on the part of Parent under any material term or condition of any Subscription Agreement and, as of the date hereof, Parent has no reason to believe that it will be unable to satisfy in all material respects on a timely basis any term or condition of closing to be satisfied by it contained in any Subscription Agreement. Subject to Section 7.25 hereof. the Subscription Agreements contain all of the conditions precedent (other than the conditions contained in the other Transaction Agreements) to the obligations of the PIPE Investors to contribute to Parent the applicable portion of the PIPE Investment Amount set forth in the Subscription Agreements on the terms therein.

 

5.14 Trust Account.

 

(a) As of December 10, 2019, Parent had $707,006,485.90 in a trust account (the “Trust Account”), maintained and invested pursuant to that certain Investment Management Trust Agreement (the “Trust Agreement”) effective as of June 7, 2018, by and between Parent and Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association (“Wilmington Trust”), for the benefit of its public stockholders, with such funds invested in United States Government securities or money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 promulgated under the Investment Company Act. Other than pursuant to the Trust Agreement and the Subscription Agreements, the obligations of Parent under this Agreement are not subject to any conditions regarding Parent’s, its Affiliates’ or any other Person’s ability to obtain financing for the consummation of the Transactions.

 

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(b) The Trust Agreement has not been amended or modified and, to the Knowledge of Parent with respect to Wilmington Trust, is valid and in full force and effect and is enforceable in accordance with its terms, except insofar as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally or by principles governing the availability of equitable remedies. Parent has complied in all material respects with the terms of the Trust Agreement and is not in breach thereof or default thereunder, and there does not exist under the Trust Agreement any event that, with the giving of notice or the lapse of time, would constitute such a breach or default by Parent or, to the Knowledge of Parent, Wilmington Trust. There are no separate Contracts, side letters or other understandings (whether written or unwritten, express or implied): (i) between Parent and Wilmington Trust that would cause the description of the Trust Agreement in the Parent SEC Reports to be inaccurate in any material respect; or (ii) to the Knowledge of Parent, that would entitle any Person (other than stockholders of Parent holding Parent Class A Stock sold in Parent’s initial public offering who shall have elected to redeem their shares of Parent Class A Stock pursuant to Parent’s Organizational Documents or the underwriters of the initial public offering with respect to any deferred underwriting compensation) to any portion of the proceeds in the Trust Account. Prior to the Closing, none of the funds held in the Trust Account may be released except: (A) to pay income and franchise taxes from any interest income earned in the Trust Account; and (B) to redeem Parent Class A Stock in accordance with the provisions of Parent’s Organizational Documents. There are no Legal Proceedings pending or, to the Knowledge of Parent, threatened in writing with respect to the Trust Account.

 

5.15 Taxes.

 

(a) All material Tax Returns required to be filed by or on behalf of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub have been duly and timely filed with the appropriate Governmental Entity and all such Tax Returns are true, correct and complete in all material respects. All material amounts of Taxes payable by or on behalf of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub (whether or not shown on any Tax Return) have been fully and timely paid.

 

(b) No claim, assessment, deficiency or proposed adjustment for any material amount of Tax has been asserted or assessed by any Governmental Entity in writing (or otherwise to the Knowledge of Parent) against Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub which has not been paid or resolved. No material Tax audit or other examination of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub by any Governmental Entity is presently in progress, nor has Parent been notified in writing of (nor to the Knowledge of Parent has there been) any request or threat for such an audit or other examination. There are no liens for Taxes (other than Permitted Liens) upon any of the assets of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub. Neither Parent, First Merger Sub nor Second Merger Sub has: (i) consented to extend the time in which any material amount of Tax may be assessed or collected by any Governmental Entity (other than pursuant to extensions of time to file Tax Returns obtained in the ordinary course of business), which extension is still in effect; or (ii) has entered into or been a party to any “listed transaction” within the meaning of Section 6707A(c)(2) of the Code. Neither Parent, First Merger Sub nor Second Merger Sub has constituted either a “distributing corporation” or a “controlled corporation” (within the meaning of Section 355(a)(1)(A) of the Code) in a distribution of stock intended to qualify for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Code in the two (2) years prior to the date of this Agreement. Neither Parent, First Merger Sub nor Second Merger Sub has any liability for the Taxes of another Person (other than the Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub) pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of state, local or foreign Legal Requirements) or as a transferee or a successor or by Contract (other than pursuant to the Transaction Agreements or pursuant to commercial agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business and the principal purpose of which is not related to Taxes).

 

(c) Parent has not been, and will not be, required to include any amount in income after the Closing by reason of Section 965(a) of the Code as a result of an election made by Parent described in Section 965(h) of the Code prior to the Closing.

 

(d) Parent has not taken any action and is not aware of any fact or circumstance that would reasonably be expected to prevent the First Merger and the Second Merger, taken together, from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations.

 

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(e) All of the membership interests in Second Merger Sub are owned by Parent, and Second Merger Sub is, and has been since formation, disregarded as an entity (within the meaning of Section 301.7701-3 of the Treasury Regulations) separate from Parent for United States federal income tax purposes.

 

5.16 Information Supplied. None of the information supplied or to be supplied by Parent for inclusion or incorporation by reference in the Proxy Statement will, at the date mailed to stockholders of Parent or at the time of the Special Meeting, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Parent makes no representation, warranty or covenant with respect to: (a) statements made or incorporated by reference therein based on information supplied by the Group Companies for inclusion or incorporation by reference in the Proxy Statement; or (b) any projections or forecasts included in the Proxy Statement.

 

5.17 Employees; Benefit Plans. Other than any former officers or as described in the Parent SEC Reports, Parent has never had any employees. Other than reimbursement of any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Parent’s officers and directors in connection with activities on Parent’s behalf in an aggregate amount not in excess of the amount of cash held by Parent outside of the Trust Account, Parent has no unsatisfied material liability with respect to any employee. Parent does not currently maintain or have any direct liability under any benefit plan, and neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the other Transaction Agreements nor the consummation of the Transactions will: (a) result in any payment (including severance, unemployment compensation, golden parachute, bonus or otherwise) becoming due to any director, officer or employee of Parent; or (b) result in the acceleration of the time of payment or vesting of any such benefits.

 

5.18 Board Approval; Stockholder Vote. The board of directors of Parent (including any required committee or subgroup of the board of directors of Parent) has, as of the date of this Agreement, unanimously: (a) approved and declared the advisability of this Agreement, the other Transaction Agreements and the consummation of the Transactions; and (b) determined that the consummation of the Transactions is in the best interest of the stockholders of Parent. Other than the approval of the Parent Stockholder Matters, no other corporate proceedings on the part of Parent are necessary to approve the consummation of the Transactions.

 

5.19 Title to Assets. Subject to the restrictions on use of the Trust Account set forth in the Trust Agreement, Parent owns good and marketable title to, or holds a valid leasehold interest in, or a valid license to use, all of the assets used by Parent in the operation of its business and that are material to Parent, free and clear of any Liens (other than Permitted Liens).

 

5.20 Affiliate Transactions. Except as described in the Parent SEC Reports, no Contract between Parent, on the one hand, and any of the present or former directors, officers, employees, stockholders or warrant holders or Affiliates of Parent (or an immediate family member of any of the foregoing), on the other hand, will continue in effect following the Closing, other than any such Contract that is not material to Parent.

 

5.21 Brokers. Other than fees or commissions for which Parent will be solely responsible, none of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub has any liability or obligation to pay any fees or commissions to any broker, finder or agent with respect to the Transactions.

 

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5.22 Disclaimer of Other Warranties. PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB AND SECOND MERGER SUB HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGE THAT, EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THIS AGREEMENT, NONE OF THE COMPANY, ANY OF ITS SUBSIDIARIES, THE SELLER OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES HAS MADE, IS MAKING OR SHALL BE DEEMED TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AT LAW OR IN EQUITY, TO PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB, ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES OR ANY OTHER PERSON, WITH RESPECT TO THE SELLER, ANY OTHER INSIDER, ANY OF THE GROUP COMPANIES, RESPECTIVE BUSINESSES, ASSETS OR PROPERTIES OF THE FOREGOING, OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, FUTURE RESULTS, PROPOSED BUSINESSES OR FUTURE PLANS. WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING AND NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY: (A) NONE OF THE COMPANY, ANY OF ITS SUBSIDIARIES, THE SELLER OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES SHALL BE DEEMED TO MAKE TO PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB OR THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OTHER THAN AS EXPRESSLY MADE BY THE SELLER AND THE COMPANY TO PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB AND SECOND MERGER SUB IN THIS AGREEMENT; AND (B) NONE OF THE COMPANY NOR ANY OF ITS SUBSIDIARIES, NOR THE SELLER, NOR THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES, HAS MADE, IS MAKING OR SHALL BE DEEMED TO MAKE TO PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB, SECOND MERGER SUB OR THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR REPRESENTATIVES OR ANY OTHER PERSON ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO: (1) THE INFORMATION DISTRIBUTED OR MADE AVAILABLE TO PARENT OR ITS REPRESENTATIVES BY OR ON BEHALF OF THE SELLER OR THE COMPANY IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT AND THE TRANSACTIONS; (2) ANY MANAGEMENT PRESENTATION, CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION MEMORANDUM OR SIMILAR DOCUMENT; OR (3) ANY FINANCIAL PROJECTION, FORECAST, ESTIMATE, BUDGET OR SIMILAR ITEM RELATING TO THE COMPANY, ANY OF ITS SUBSIDIARIES, THE SELLER AND/OR THE BUSINESS, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, PROPERTIES, FINANCIAL CONDITION, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND PROJECTED OPERATIONS OF THE FOREGOING. EACH OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB AND SECOND MERGER SUB HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT HAS NOT RELIED ON ANY PROMISE, REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY THAT IS NOT EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT. EACH OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB AND SECOND MERGER SUB ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT HAS CONDUCTED, TO ITS SATISFACTION, AN INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION AND VERIFICATION OF THE COMPANY, ITS SUBSIDIARIES, THE SELLER AND THE BUSINESS, ASSETS, LIABILITIES, PROPERTIES, FINANCIAL CONDITION, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND PROJECTED OPERATIONS OF THE FOREGOING, AND IN MAKING ITS DETERMINATION TO PROCEED WITH THE TRANSACTIONS, EACH OF PARENT, FIRST MERGER SUB AND SECOND MERGER SUB HAS RELIED ON THE RESULTS OF ITS OWN INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION AND VERIFICATION, IN ADDITION TO THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE SELLER AND THE COMPANY EXPRESSLY AND SPECIFICALLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY IN THIS SECTION 5.22, CLAIMS AGAINST THE COMPANY, THE SELLER OR ANY OTHER PERSON SHALL NOT BE LIMITED IN ANY RESPECT IN THE EVENT OF INTENTIONAL FRAUD IN THE MAKING OF THE REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES IN THIS AGREEMENT BY SUCH PERSON.

 

ARTICLE VI

 

CONDUCT PRIOR TO THE CLOSING DATE

 

6.1 Conduct of Business by the Company and the Company Subsidiaries. During the period from the date of this Agreement and continuing until the earlier of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to its terms and the Effective Time, the Company shall, and shall cause the Company Subsidiaries to, carry on its business in the ordinary course consistent with past practice and in accordance with Applicable Legal Requirements, except to: (a) the extent that Parent shall otherwise consent in writing (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld); or (b) as expressly contemplated by this Agreement or Schedule 6.1 of the Company Disclosure Letter. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, except as required or expressly permitted by the terms of this Agreement or the Company Disclosure Letter, or as required by Applicable Legal Requirements, without the prior written consent of Parent, during the period from the date of this Agreement and continuing until the earlier of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to its terms and the Effective Time, the Company shall not, and shall cause the Company Subsidiaries not to, do any of the following:

 

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(a) except as otherwise required by any existing Employee Benefit Plan or Applicable Legal Requirements: (i) increase or grant any increase in the compensation, bonus, fringe or other benefits of, or pay, grant or promise any bonus to, any current or former employee, director or independent contractor except for annual adjustments or in connection with any promotion or material increase in responsibility of any officer or employee, in each case in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice (measured by applicable jurisdiction); (ii) grant or pay any severance or change in control pay or benefits to, or otherwise increase the severance or change in control pay or benefits of, any current or former employee, director or independent contractor; (iii) enter into, amend (other than immaterial amendments) or terminate any Employee Benefit Plan or any employee benefit plan, policy, program, agreement, trust or arrangement that would have constituted an Employee Benefit Plan if it had been in effect on the date of this Agreement; (iv) take any action to accelerate the vesting or payment of, or otherwise fund or secure the payment of, any compensation or benefits under any Employee Benefit Plan; (v) grant any equity or equity-based compensation awards; or (vi) hire or terminate any employee or independent contractor other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice;

 

(b) (i) transfer, sell, assign, license, sublicense, encumber, impair, abandon, fail to diligently maintain, transfer or otherwise dispose of any right, title or interest of the Company in any Owned Intellectual Property or Licensed Intellectual Property, in each case, that is material to any of the businesses of the Group Companies; (ii) extend, amend, waive, cancel or modify any material rights in or to any Owned Intellectual Property or Licensed Intellectual Property, in each case, that is material to any business of the Group Companies; (iii) fail to diligently prosecute the patent applications owned by the Company other than applications the Company, in the exercise of its good faith business judgment, has determined to abandon; or (iv) divulge, furnish to or make accessible any Trade Secrets within Owned Intellectual Property to any third party who is not subject to an enforceable written agreement to maintain the confidentiality of such Trade Secrets, other than, in each of (i) through (iii), in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices; provided, that in no event shall the Company license on an exclusive basis or sell any material Owned Intellectual Property;

 

(c) except for transactions solely among the Company and the Company Subsidiaries: (i) declare, set aside or pay any dividends on or make any other distributions (whether in cash, stock, equity securities or property) in respect of any capital stock or otherwise, or split, combine or reclassify any capital stock or issue or authorize the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for any capital stock; (ii) repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire, or offer to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire, any membership interests, capital stock or any other equity interests, as applicable, in any Group Company; (iii) grant, issue sell or otherwise dispose, or authorize to issue sell, or otherwise dispose any membership interests, capital stock or any other equity interests (such as stock options, stock units, restricted stock or other Contracts for the purchase or acquisition of such capital stock), as applicable, in any Group Company; or (iv) issue, deliver, sell, authorize, pledge or otherwise encumber, or agree to any of the foregoing with respect to, any shares of capital stock or other equity securities or ownership interests or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock or other equity securities or ownership interests, or subscriptions, rights, warrants or options to acquire any shares of capital stock or other equity securities or ownership interests or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock or other equity securities or other ownership interests, or enter into other agreements or commitments of any character obligating it to issue any such shares, equity securities or other ownership interests or convertible or exchangeable securities;

 

(d) amend its Governing Documents, or form or establish any Subsidiary;

 

(e) (i) merge, consolidate or combine with any Person; or (ii) acquire or agree to acquire by merging or consolidating with, purchasing any equity interest in or a substantial portion of the assets of, or by any other manner, any business or any corporation, partnership, association or other business organization or division thereof;

 

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(f) dispose of or lose rights under any Company Real Property Lease other than in the ordinary course of business;

 

(g) other than with respect to the Company Real Property Leases, sell, lease, license, sublicense, abandon, divest, transfer, cancel, abandon or permit to lapse or expire, dedicate to the public, or otherwise dispose of, or agree to do any of the foregoing, or otherwise dispose of material assets or properties, other than pursuant to agreements existing on the date hereof and set forth on Schedule 6.1(g) of the Company Disclosure Letter;

 

(h) (i) issue or sell any debt securities or rights to acquire any debt securities of any of the Group Companies or guarantee any debt securities of another Person; (ii) make, create any loans, advances or capital contributions to, or investments in, any Person other than any of the Group Companies; (iii) create, incur, assume, guarantee or otherwise become liable for, any Indebtedness other than guarantees of any Indebtedness of any Subsidiaries or guarantees by the Company Subsidiaries of the Indebtedness of the Company; (iv) except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, create any Liens on any material property or material assets of any of the Group Companies in connection with any Indebtedness thereof (other than Permitted Liens); (v) fail to comply with the terms of the Existing Credit Agreements or take any action, or omit to take any action, that would constitute or result in a default or event of default under any of the Existing Credit Agreements; or (vi) cancel or forgive any Indebtedness owed to any of the Group Companies other than ordinary course compromises of amounts owed to the Group Companies by their respective customers consistent with past practice;

 

(i) make, incur or commit to make or incur, or authorize any capital expenditures that will require payments after the Closing Date other than capital expenditures consistent in the aggregate with the capital expenditure plan disclosed to Parent (the “Capital Expenditure Plan”), or fail in any material respect to make any capital expenditures in the amounts and at the times contemplated in the Capital Expenditure Plan (subject to ordinary course variations in the timing and amount of such capital expenditures);

 

(j) fail to manage the working capital of the Group Companies in the ordinary course consistent with past practice (taking into account seasonality, including customary quarter-end practices), including: (i) accelerate or delay in any respect material to the Group Companies (A) the collection of any accounts receivable or (B) the payment of any accounts payable, in the case of each of clauses (A) and (B), in advance or beyond the due date other than in the ordinary course of business; or (ii) fail to maintain and manage inventory levels in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice;

 

(k) release, assign, compromise, settle or agree to settle any Legal Proceeding involving payments by any Group Company of $5,000,000 or more, or that imposes any material non-monetary obligations on a Group Company;

 

(l) (i) except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices: (A) modify, amend in a manner that is adverse to the applicable Group Company or terminate any Company Material Contract; (B) enter into any Contract that would have been a Company Material Contract had it been entered into prior to the date of this Agreement; (C) waive, delay the exercise of, release or assign any material rights or claims under any Company Material Contract; or (D) incur or enter into a Contract requiring the Company to pay in excess of $10,000,000 in any 12-month period; or (ii) modify or amend any material term under any of the Existing Credit Agreements or terminate or allow the termination of any of the Existing Credit Agreements or any commitments thereunder;

 

(m) except as required by U.S. GAAP (or any interpretation thereof) or Applicable Legal Requirements, make any change in accounting methods, principles or practices;

 

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(n) (i) make, change or revoke any material Tax election; (ii) settle or compromise any material Tax claim; (iii) change (or request to change) any method of accounting for Tax purposes; (iv) file any material amended Tax Return; (v) waive or extend any statute of limitations in respect of a period within which an assessment or reassessment of material Taxes may be issued (other than any extension pursuant to an extension to file any Tax Return); (vi) knowingly surrender any claim for a refund of Taxes; or (vii) enter into any “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Code (or any similar Legal Requirement) with any Governmental Entity;

 

(o) authorize, recommend, propose or announce an intention to adopt a plan of complete or partial liquidation, restructuring, recapitalization, dissolution or winding-up;

 

(p) subject to clause (a) above, enter into or amend any agreement with, or pay, distribute or advance any assets or property to, any of its officers, directors, employees, partners, stockholders or other Affiliates, other than payments or distributions relating to obligations in respect of arm’s-length commercial transactions pursuant to the agreements set forth on Schedule 6.1(p) of the Company Disclosure Letter as existing on the date of this Agreement;

 

(q) engage in any material new line of business;

 

(r) take any action or fail to take any action that would reasonably be expected to prevent the First Merger and the Second Merger, taken together, from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations; or

 

(s) (i) limit the rights of any Group Company, in each case in any material respect: (A) to engage in any line of business or in any geographic area; (B) to develop, market or sell products or services; or (C) to compete with any Person; or (ii) grant any exclusive or similar rights to any Person;

 

(t) terminate or amend, in a manner materially detrimental to any Group Company, any material insurance policy insuring the business of any Group Company;

 

(u) amend in a manner materially detrimental to any Group Company, terminate, permit to lapse or fail to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain any Approval; or

 

(v) agree in writing or otherwise agree, commit or resolve to take any of the actions described in Sections 6.1(a) through(u) above.

 

6.2 Conduct of Business by Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub. During the period from the date of this Agreement and continuing until the earlier of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to its terms and the Effective Time, Parent shall, and shall cause its Subsidiaries to, carry on its business in the ordinary course consistent with past practice, except to: (a) the extent that the Seller shall otherwise consent in writing (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld); or (b) as expressly contemplated by this Agreement (including as contemplated by the PIPE Investment) or Schedule 6.2 of the Parent Disclosure Letter. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, except as required or permitted by the terms of this Agreement or as required by Applicable Legal Requirements, without the prior written consent of the Seller, during the period from the date of this Agreement and continuing until the earlier of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to its terms or the Closing, Parent shall not, and shall cause its Subsidiaries not to, do any of the following:

 

(a) declare, set aside or pay dividends on or make any other distributions (whether in cash, stock, equity securities or property) in respect of any capital stock (or warrant) or split, combine or reclassify any capital stock (or warrant), effect a recapitalization or issue or authorize the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for any capital stock or warrant, or effect any like change in capitalization;

 

(b) purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire, directly or indirectly, any equity securities of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries;

 

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(c) other than in connection with the PIPE Investment, grant, issue, deliver, sell, authorize, pledge or otherwise encumber, or agree to any of the foregoing with respect to, any shares of capital stock or other equity securities or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock or other equity securities, or subscriptions, rights, warrants or options to acquire any shares of capital stock or other equity securities or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock or other equity securities, or enter into other agreements or commitments of any character obligating it to issue any such shares of capital stock or equity securities or convertible or exchangeable securities;

 

(d) amend its Governing Documents or form or establish any Subsidiary;

 

(e) (i) merge, consolidate or combine with any Person; or (ii) acquire or agree to acquire by merging or consolidating with, or by purchasing any equity interest in or a portion of the assets of, or by any other manner, any business or any corporation, partnership, association or other business organization or division thereof, or otherwise acquire or agree to acquire any assets, or enter into any joint ventures, strategic partnerships or alliances;

 

(f) (i) incur any Indebtedness or guarantee any such Indebtedness of another Person or Persons; (ii) issue or sell any debt securities or options, warrants, calls or other rights to acquire any debt securities of Parent, as applicable, enter into any “keep well” or other agreement to maintain any financial statement condition; or (iii) enter into any arrangement having the economic effect of any of the foregoing, in each case, except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice; providedhowever, that Parent shall be permitted to incur Indebtedness from its Affiliates and stockholders in order to meet its reasonable capital requirements, with any such loans to be made only as reasonably required by the operation of Parent in due course on a non-interest basis and otherwise on terms and conditions no less favorable than arm’s-length and repayable at Closing;

 

(g) except as required by U.S. GAAP (or any interpretation thereof) or Applicable Legal Requirements, make any change in accounting methods, principles or practices;

 

(h) (i) settle or compromise any Tax claim; (ii) change (or request to change) any method of accounting for Tax purposes; (iii) file any material amended Tax Return; (iv) waive or extend any statute of limitations in respect of a period within which an assessment or reassessment of Taxes may be issued (other than any extension pursuant to an extension to file any Tax Return); (v) knowingly surrender any claim for a refund of Taxes; (vi) enter into any “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Code (or any similar Legal Requirement) with any Governmental Entity; or (vii) make, change or revoke any material Tax election;

 

(i) take any action or fail to take any action that would reasonably be expected to prevent the First Merger and the Second Merger, taken together, from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations;

 

(j) create any Liens on any material property or material assets of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub;

 

(k) liquidate, dissolve, reorganize or otherwise wind up the business or operations of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub;

 

(l) commence, settle or compromise any Legal Proceeding material to Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub or their respective properties or assets;

 

(m) engage in any material new line of business;

 

(n) amend the Trust Agreement or any other agreement related to the Trust Account; or

 

(o) agree in writing or otherwise agree, commit or resolve to take any of the actions described in Sections 6.2(a) through (n) above.

 

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ARTICLE VII

 

ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS

 

7.1 Proxy Statement; Special Meeting.

 

(a) Proxy Statement.

 

(i) As promptly as practicable following the execution and delivery of this Agreement, Parent shall, in accordance with this Section 7.1(a), prepare and file with the SEC, in preliminary form, a proxy statement in connection with the Transactions (as amended or supplemented from time to time, the “Proxy Statement”) to be sent to the stockholders of Parent relating to the Special Meeting, for the purpose of, among other things: (A) providing Parent’s stockholders with notice of the opportunity to redeem shares of Parent Class A Stock (the “Parent Stockholder Redemption”); and (B) soliciting proxies from holders of Parent Class A Stock to vote at the Special Meeting in favor of: (1) the adoption of this Agreement and approval of the Transactions; (2) the issuance of shares of Parent Class A Stock in connection with Section 2.6; (3) the amendment and restatement of the Parent Organizational Documents in the form of the Parent A&R Charter attached hereto as Exhibit A; and (4) any other proposals the Parties deem necessary or desirable to consummate the Transactions (collectively, the “Parent Stockholder Matters”). Without the prior written consent of the Seller and the Company (each such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), the Parent Stockholder Matters shall be the only matters (other than procedural matters) which Parent shall propose to be acted on by the Parent’s stockholders at the Special Meeting. The Proxy Statement will comply as to form and substance with the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. Parent shall file the definitive Proxy Statement with the SEC and cause the Proxy Statement to be mailed to its stockholders of record, as of the record date to be established by the board of directors of Parent, as promptly as practicable following the earlier to occur of: (Y) in the event the preliminary Proxy Statement is not reviewed by the SEC, the expiration of the waiting period in Rule 14a-6(a) under the Exchange Act; and (Z) in the event the preliminary Proxy Statement is reviewed by the SEC, receipt of oral or written notification of the completion of the review by the SEC (such earlier date, the “Proxy Clearance Date”).

 

(ii) Prior to filing with the SEC, Parent will make available to the Company drafts of the Proxy Statement and any other documents to be filed with the SEC that relate to the Transactions, both preliminary and final, and any amendment or supplement to the Proxy Statement or such other document and will provide the Company with a reasonable opportunity to comment on such drafts and shall consider such comments in good faith. Parent shall not file any such documents with the SEC without the prior written consent of the Company (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed). Parent will advise the Company promptly after it receives notice thereof, of: (A) the time when the Proxy Statement has been filed; (B) in the event the preliminary Proxy Statement is not reviewed by the SEC, the expiration of the waiting period in Rule 14a-6(a) under the Exchange Act; (C) in the event the preliminary Proxy Statement is reviewed by the SEC, receipt of oral or written notification of the completion of the review by the SEC; (D) the filing of any supplement or amendment to the Proxy Statement; (E) the issuance of any stop order by the SEC; (F) any request by the SEC for amendment of the Proxy Statement; (G) any comments from the SEC relating to the Proxy Statement and responses thereto; and (H) requests by the SEC for additional information relating to the Proxy Statement. Parent shall promptly respond to any SEC comments on the Proxy Statement and shall use its reasonable best efforts to have the Proxy Statement cleared by the SEC under the Exchange Act as promptly as practicable; provided that prior to responding to any requests or comments from the SEC, Parent will make available to the Company drafts of any such response and provide the Company with a reasonable opportunity to comment on such drafts.

 

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(iii) If, at any time prior to the Special Meeting, there shall be discovered any information that should be set forth in an amendment or supplement to the Proxy Statement so that the Proxy Statement would not include any misstatement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, Parent shall promptly file an amendment or supplement to the Proxy Statement containing such information. If, at any time prior to the Closing, the Company discovers any information, event or circumstance relating to the Company, its business or any of its Affiliates, officers, directors or employees that should be set forth in an amendment or a supplement to the Proxy Statement so that the Proxy Statement would not include any misstatement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, then the Company shall promptly inform Parent of such information, event or circumstance.

 

(iv) Parent shall make all necessary filings with respect to the Transactions under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and applicable “blue sky” laws, and any rules and regulations thereunder. The Company agrees to promptly provide Parent with all information concerning the business, management, operations and financial condition of the Company and the Company Subsidiaries, in each case, reasonably requested by Parent for inclusion in the Proxy Statement. The Company shall cause the officers and employees of the Company and the Company Subsidiaries to be reasonably available to Parent and its counsel, auditors and other advisors in connection with the drafting of the Proxy Statement and responding in a timely manner to comments on the Proxy Statement from the SEC.

 

(b) Parent shall, as promptly as practicable following the Proxy Clearance Date, establish a record date (which date shall be mutually agreed with the Seller) for, duly call and give notice of, the Special Meeting. Parent shall convene and hold a meeting of Parent’s stockholders (the “Special Meeting”), for the purpose of obtaining the approval of the Parent Stockholder Matters, which meeting shall be held not more than 45 days after the date on which Parent mails the Proxy Statement to its stockholders. Parent shall use its reasonable best efforts to obtain the approval of the Parent Stockholder Matters at the Special Meeting, including by soliciting proxies as promptly as practicable in accordance with Applicable Legal Requirements for the purpose of seeking the approval of the Parent Stockholder Matters. Subject to the proviso in the immediately following sentence, Parent shall include the Parent Recommendation in the Proxy Statement. The board of directors of Parent shall not (and no committee or subgroup thereof shall) change, withdraw, withhold, qualify or modify, or publicly propose to change, withdraw, withhold, qualify or modify, the Parent Recommendation (a “Change in Recommendation”); provided, that the board of directors may make a Change in Recommendation if it determines in good faith, after consultation with its outside legal counsel, that a failure to make a Change in Recommendation would reasonably be expected to constitute a breach by the board of directors of its fiduciary obligations to Parent’s stockholders under Applicable Legal Requirements. Parent agrees that its obligation to establish a record date for, duly call, give notice of, convene and hold the Special Meeting for the purpose of seeking approval of the Parent Stockholder Matters shall not be affected by any Change in Recommendation, and Parent agrees to establish a record date for, duly call, give notice of, convene and hold the Special Meeting and submit for the approval of its stockholders the matters contemplated by the Proxy Statement as contemplated by this Section 7.1(b), regardless of whether or not there shall have occurred any Change in Recommendation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, Parent shall be entitled to postpone or adjourn the Special Meeting: (i) to ensure that any supplement or amendment to the Proxy Statement that the board of directors of Parent has determined in good faith is required by Applicable Legal Requirements is disclosed to Parent’s stockholders and for such supplement or amendment to be promptly disseminated to Parent’s stockholders prior to the Special Meeting; (ii) if, as of the time for which the Special Meeting is originally scheduled (as set forth in the Proxy Statement), there are insufficient shares of Parent Class A Stock represented (either in person or by proxy) to constitute a quorum necessary to conduct the business to be conducted at the Special Meeting; (iii) to seek withdrawals of redemption requests from Parent’s stockholders if Parent reasonably expects the Parent Stockholder Redemption Payments would cause the condition in Section 8.1(g) to not be satisfied at the Closing; or (iv) in order to solicit additional proxies from stockholders for purposes of obtaining approval of the Parent Stockholder Matters; provided, that in the event of a postponement or adjournment pursuant to clauses (i) or (ii) above, the Special Meeting shall be reconvened as promptly as practicable following such time as the matters described in such clauses have been resolved.

 

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7.2 Certain Regulatory Matters. (I) As promptly as practicable after the date of this Agreement and in any event within ten (10) Business Days, Parent and the Company shall each prepare and file the notification required of it under the HSR Act in connection with the Transactions and (II) as promptly as practicable following the date of this Agreement, Parent and the Company shall make any other required filings under other applicable Antitrust Laws. Parent and the Company shall promptly and in good faith respond to all information requested of it by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Department of Justice or other Governmental Entity (as it relates to Antitrust Laws) in connection with such notifications and filings and otherwise cooperate in good faith with each other and such Governmental Entities. Each Party will promptly furnish to the other such information and assistance as the other may reasonably request in connection with its preparation of any filing or submission that is necessary under the HSR Act or applicable Antitrust Laws and will take all other actions necessary or desirable to cause the expiration or termination of the applicable waiting periods as soon as practicable. Each Party will promptly provide the other with copies of all written communications (and memoranda setting forth the substance of all oral communications) between each of them, any of their Affiliates and their respective agents, representatives and advisors, on the one hand, and any Governmental Entity, on the other hand, with respect to this Agreement or the Transactions. Without limiting the foregoing, Parent and the Company shall: (a) promptly inform the other of any communication to or from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, the U.S. Department of Justice or any other Governmental Entity regarding the Transactions; (b) permit each other to review in advance any proposed written communication to any such Governmental Entity and incorporate reasonable comments thereto; (c) give the other prompt written notice of the commencement of any Legal Proceeding with respect to such transactions; (d) not agree to participate in any substantive meeting or discussion with any such Governmental Entity in respect of any filing, investigation or inquiry concerning this Agreement or the Transactions unless, to the extent reasonably practicable, it consults with the other Party in advance and, to the extent permitted by such Governmental Entity, gives the other Party the opportunity to attend; (e) keep the other reasonably informed as to the status of any such Legal Proceeding; and (f) promptly furnish each other with copies of all correspondence, filings (to the extent allowed under Applicable Legal Requirements) and written communications between such Party and their Affiliates and their respective agents, representatives and advisors, on one hand, and any such Governmental Entity, on the other hand, in each case, with respect to this Agreement and the Transactions. Parent shall pay one hundred percent (100%) of any filing fees required by Governmental Entities, including with respect to any registrations, declarations and filings required in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the performance of the obligations hereunder and the consummation of the Transactions, including filing fees in connection with filings under the HSR Act and applicable Antitrust Laws.

 

7.3 Other Filings; Press Release.

 

(a) As promptly as practicable after execution of this Agreement, Parent will prepare and file a Current Report on Form 8-K pursuant to the Exchange Act to report the execution of this Agreement, the form and substance of which shall be approved in advance in writing by Seller.

 

(b) Promptly after the execution of this Agreement, Parent and Seller shall also issue a joint press release announcing the execution of this Agreement.

 

(c) Parent shall prepare a draft Current Report on Form 8-K announcing the Closing, together with, or incorporating by reference, the financial statements prepared by the Company and its accountant, and such other information that may be required to be disclosed with respect to the Transactions in any report or form to be filed with the SEC (“Closing Form 8-K”), the form and substance of which shall be approved in advance in writing by the Seller. Prior to Closing, Parent and the Seller shall prepare a joint press release announcing the consummation of the Transactions hereunder (“Closing Press Release”). Substantially concurrently with the Closing, Parent shall issue the Closing Press Release. Concurrently with the Closing, or as soon as practicable thereafter, Parent shall file the Closing Form 8-K with the SEC.

 

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7.4 Confidentiality; Communications Plan; Access to Information.

 

(a) The Confidentiality Agreement, and the terms thereof, are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Following Closing, the Confidentiality Agreement shall be superseded in its entirety by the provisions of this Agreement; providedhowever, that if for any reason this Agreement is terminated prior to the Closing, the Confidentiality Agreement shall nonetheless continue in full force and effect in accordance with its terms. Beginning on the date hereof and ending on the second anniversary of this Agreement, each Party agrees to maintain in confidence any non-public information received from the other Parties, and to use such non-public information only for purposes of consummating the Transactions. Such confidentiality obligations will not apply to: (i) information which was known to one Party or its agents or representatives prior to receipt from the Company or the Seller, on the one hand, or Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub, on the other hand, as applicable; (ii) information which is or becomes generally known to the public without breach of this Agreement or an existing obligation of confidentiality; (iii) information acquired by a Party or their respective agents from a third party who was not bound to an obligation of confidentiality; (iv) information developed by such Party independently without any reliance on the non-public information received from any other Party; (v) disclosure required by Applicable Legal Requirement or stock exchange rule; or (vi) disclosure consented to in writing by Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub (in the case of the Seller and, prior to the Closing, the Company) or the Seller (in the case of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub and, following the Closing, the Company).

 

(b) Parent and the Company shall reasonably cooperate to create and implement a communications plan regarding the Transactions (the “Communications Plan”) promptly following the date hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, none of the Parties will make any public announcement or issue any public communication regarding this Agreement, the other Transaction Agreements or the Transactions or any matter related to the foregoing, without the prior written consent of the Seller, in the case of a public announcement by Parent, or Parent, in the case of a public announcement by the Seller or the Company (such consents, in either case, not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), except: (i) if such announcement or other communication is required by Applicable Legal Requirements, in which case the disclosing Party shall, to the extent permitted by Applicable Legal Requirements, first allow such other Parties to review such announcement or communication and have the opportunity to comment thereon and the disclosing Party shall consider such comments in good faith; (ii) in the case of the Company or the Seller, Parent and their respective Affiliates, if such announcement or other communication is made in connection with fundraising or other investment related activities and is made to such Person’s direct and indirect investors or potential investors or financing sources subject to an obligation of confidentiality; (iii) to the extent provided for in the Communications Plan, internal announcements to employees of the Group Companies; (iv) to the extent such announcements or other communications contain only information previously disclosed in a public statement, press release or other communication previously approved in accordance with Section 7.3 or this Section 7.4(b); and (v) announcements and communications to Governmental Entities in connection with registrations, declarations and filings relating to the Transactions required to be made under this Agreement.

 

(c) The Company will afford Parent and its financial advisors, accountants, counsel and other representatives reasonable access during normal business hours, upon reasonable notice, to the properties, books, records and personnel of the Company during the period prior to the Closing to obtain all information concerning the business, including the status of business development efforts, properties, results of operations and personnel of the Company, as Parent may reasonably request in connection with the consummation of the Transactions; providedhowever, that any such access shall be conducted in a manner not to materially interfere with the businesses or operations of the Company. Parent will afford the Company and its financial advisors, underwriters, accountants, counsel and other representatives reasonable access during normal business hours, upon reasonable notice, to the properties, books, records and personnel of Parent during the period prior to the Closing to obtain all information concerning the business, including properties, results of operations and personnel of Parent, as the Company may reasonably request in connection with the consummation of the Transactions; providedhowever, that any such access shall be conducted in a manner not to interfere with the businesses or operations of Parent.

 

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7.5 Reasonable Best Efforts. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, each of the Parties agrees to use its reasonable best efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions, and to do, or cause to be done, and to assist and cooperate with the other Parties in doing, all things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate and make effective, in the most expeditious manner practicable, the Mergers and the other Transactions, including using reasonable best efforts to accomplish the following: (a) the taking of all commercially reasonable acts necessary to cause the conditions precedent set forth in Article VIII to be satisfied; (b) the obtaining of all necessary actions, waivers, consents, approvals, orders and authorizations from Governmental Entities and the making of all necessary registrations, declarations and filings, including registrations, declarations and filings with Governmental Entities, if any, and filings required pursuant to Antitrust Laws and the taking of all commercially reasonable steps as may be necessary to avoid any Legal Proceeding; (c) the obtaining of all consents, approvals or waivers from third parties required as a result of the Transactions, including any other consents referred to on Schedule 4.5(b) of the Company Disclosure Letter (it being understood, for the avoidance of doubt, that nothing herein shall require the Company in connection therewith to incur any liability or expense or subject itself, any of its Subsidiaries or the business of the foregoing to any imposition of any limitation on the ability of any of them to conduct their business or to own or exercise control of their assets or properties); (d) the termination of each agreement set forth on Schedule 7.5(d) of the Company Disclosure Letter; (e) the defending of any suits, claims, actions, investigations or proceedings, whether judicial or administrative, challenging this Agreement or the consummation of the Transactions, including seeking to have any stay or temporary restraining order entered by any court or other Governmental Entity vacated or reversed; and (f) the execution or delivery of any additional instruments reasonably necessary to consummate, and to fully carry out the purposes of, the Transactions. This obligation shall include, on the part of Parent, sending a termination letter to Wilmington Trust substantially in the applicable form attached to the Trust Agreement (the “Trust Termination Letter”). Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to require Parent or the Company to agree to any divestiture by itself or any of its Affiliates of shares of capital stock or of any business, assets or property, the imposition of any limitation on the ability of any of them to conduct their business or to own or exercise control of their respective assets, properties and capital stock, or the incurrence of any liability or expense.

 

7.6 No Parent Securities Transactions. Neither the Company nor any of its controlled Affiliates, directly or indirectly, shall engage in any transactions involving the securities of Parent prior to the time of the making of a public announcement regarding all of the material terms of the business and operations of the Company and the Transactions. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to require each of its officers, directors, employees, agents, advisors, contractors, associates, clients, customers and representatives to comply with the foregoing requirement.

 

7.7 No Claim Against Trust Account. For and in consideration of Parent entering into this Agreement, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, each of the Company and the Seller hereby irrevocably waives any right, title, interest or claim of any kind it has or may have in the future in or to the Trust Account and agrees not to seek recourse against the Trust Account or any funds distributed therefrom as a result of, or arising out of, this Agreement and any negotiations, contracts or agreements with Parent; provided, that: (a) nothing herein shall serve to limit or prohibit the Company’s or the Seller’s right to pursue a claim against Parent pursuant to this Agreement for legal relief against monies or other assets of Parent held outside the Trust Account or for specific performance or other equitable relief in connection with the Transactions (so long as such claim would not affect Parent’s ability to fulfill its obligation to effectuate any Parent Stockholder Redemption), or for intentional fraud in the making of the representations and warranties in Article V; and (b) nothing herein shall serve to limit or prohibit any claims that the Company or the Seller may have in the future pursuant to this Agreement against Parent’s assets or funds that are not held in the Trust Account.

 

7.8 Disclosure of Certain Matters. Each of Parent, First Merger Sub, Second Merger Sub, the Company and the Seller will promptly provide the other Parties with prompt written notice of any event, development or condition of which they have Knowledge that: (a) is reasonably likely to cause any of the conditions set forth in Article VIII not to be satisfied; or (b) would require any amendment or supplement to the Proxy Statement.

 

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7.9 Securities Listing. Parent will use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Parent Class A Stock issued in connection with the Transactions to be approved for listing on the NYSE at Closing. During the period from the date hereof until the Closing, Parent shall use its reasonable best efforts to keep the Parent Class A Stock and Public Warrants listed for trading on the NYSE. After the Closing, Parent shall use commercially reasonable efforts to continue the listing for trading of the Parent Class A Stock and Public Warrants on the NYSE.

 

7.10 No Solicitation.

 

(a) During the period from the date of this Agreement and continuing until the earlier of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to its terms and the Closing, the Company shall not, and shall cause its Subsidiaries and the Seller not to (and the Seller has acknowledged to the Company that it shall not), and shall direct its employees, agents, officers, directors, representatives and advisors (collectively, “Representatives”) not to, directly or indirectly: (i) solicit, initiate, enter into or continue discussions, negotiations or transactions with, or encourage or respond to any inquiries or proposals by, or provide any information to, any Person (other than Parent and its agents, representatives, advisors) concerning any merger, sale of ownership interests and/or assets of the Company, recapitalization or similar transaction (each, a “Company Business Combination”); (ii) enter into any agreement regarding, continue or otherwise participate in any discussions or negotiations regarding, or cooperate in any way that would otherwise reasonably be expected to lead to a Company Business Combination; or (iii) commence, continue or renew any due diligence investigation regarding a Company Business Combination. In addition, the Company shall, and shall cause its Subsidiaries and the Seller to, and shall cause their respective Representatives to, immediately cease any and all existing discussions or negotiations with any Person with respect to any Company Business Combination.

 

(b) During the period from the date of this Agreement and continuing until the earlier of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to its terms and the Closing, Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub shall not, and shall direct their respective Representatives not to, directly or indirectly: (i) solicit, initiate, enter into or continue discussions or transactions with, or encourage or respond to any inquiries or proposals by, or provide any information to, any Person (other than the Company, the Seller and their respective Representatives) concerning any merger, purchase of ownership interests or assets of Parent, recapitalization or similar business combination transaction (each, a “Parent Business Combination”); (ii) enter into any agreement regarding, continue or otherwise participate in any discussions or negotiations regarding, or cooperate in any way that would otherwise reasonably be expected to lead to a Parent Business Combination; or (iii) commence, continue or renew any due diligence investigation regarding a Parent Business Combination. Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub shall, and shall cause their respective Representatives to, immediately cease any and all existing discussions or negotiations with any Person with respect to any Parent Business Combination.

 

(c) Each Party shall promptly (and in no event later than 24 hours after becoming aware of such inquiry, proposal, offer or submission) notify the other Parties (and in the case of Parent’s receipt of a Parent Business Combination proposal, Parent shall also provide notice to the Seller) if it or, to its Knowledge, any of its or its Representatives receives any inquiry, proposal, offer or submission with respect to a Company Business Combination or Parent Business Combination, as applicable (including the identity of the Person making such inquiry or submitting such proposal, offer or submission), after the execution and delivery of this Agreement. If either Party or its Representatives receives an inquiry, proposal, offer or submission with respect to a Company Business Combination or Parent Business Combination, as applicable, such Party shall provide the other Parties with a copy of such inquiry, proposal, offer or submission (and in the case of Parent’s receipt, Parent shall also provide copies to the Seller).

 

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7.11 Trust Account. Upon satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Article VIII and provision of notice thereof to Wilmington Trust (which notice Parent shall provide to Wilmington Trust in accordance with the terms of the Trust Agreement): (a) in accordance with and pursuant to the Trust Agreement, at the Closing, Parent: (i) shall cause the documents, opinions and notices required to be delivered to Wilmington Trust pursuant to the Trust Agreement to be so delivered, including providing Wilmington Trust with the Trust Termination Letter; and (ii) shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause Wilmington Trust to, and Wilmington Trust shall thereupon be obligated to, distribute the Trust Account as directed in the Trust Termination Letter, including all amounts payable: (A) to stockholders who properly elect to have their Parent Class A Stock redeemed for cash in accordance with the provisions of Parent’s Organizational Documents; (B) for income tax or other tax obligations of Parent prior to Closing; (C) to the underwriters of the initial public offering with respect to any deferred underwriting compensation; (D) for any transaction costs of Parent to the extent Parent elects to pay these prior to Closing; and (E) as repayment of loans and reimbursement of expenses to directors, officers and stockholders of Parent; and (b) thereafter, the Trust Account shall terminate, except as otherwise provided therein.

 

7.12 Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance.

 

(a) Parent agrees that all rights to exculpation, indemnification and advancement of expenses now existing in favor of the current or former directors or officers, as the case may be, of any Group Company (each, together with such person’s heirs, executors or administrators, a “D&O Indemnified Party”), as provided in their respective Governing Documents, shall survive the Closing and shall continue in full force and effect. For a period of six (6) years from the Closing Date, Parent shall cause the Group Companies to maintain in effect the exculpation, indemnification and advancement of expenses provisions of such Group Company’s Governing Documents as in effect immediately prior to the Closing Date, and Parent shall, and shall cause the Group Companies to, not amend, repeal or otherwise modify any such provisions in any manner that would adversely affect the rights thereunder of any D&O Indemnified Party; providedhowever, that all rights to indemnification or advancement of expenses in respect of any Legal Proceedings pending or asserted or any claim made within such period shall continue until the disposition of such Legal Proceeding or resolution of such claim. From and after the Closing Date, Parent shall cause the Group Companies to honor, in accordance with their respective terms, each of the covenants contained in this Section 7.12 without limit as to time.

 

(b) Prior to the Closing, the Company shall purchase a “tail” or “runoff” directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy (the “D&O Tail”) in respect of acts or omissions occurring prior to the Effective Time covering each such Person that is a director or officer of a Group Company currently covered by the Seller’s and its Affiliates’ (other than the Group Companies) directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies on terms with respect to coverage, deductibles and amounts no less favorable than those of such policy in effect on the date of this Agreement for the six (6) year period following the Closing. Parent shall, and shall cause the Second Surviving LLC to, maintain the D&O Tail in full force and effect for its full term and cause all obligations thereunder to be honored by the Group Companies, as applicable, and no other party shall have any further obligation to purchase or pay for such insurance pursuant to this Section 7.12(b).

 

(c) The rights of each D&O Indemnified Party hereunder shall be in addition to, and not in limitation of, any other rights such person may have under the Governing Documents of any Group Company, any other indemnification arrangement, any Legal Requirement or otherwise. The obligations of Parent and the Group Companies under this Section 7.12 shall not be terminated or modified in such a manner as to adversely affect any D&O Indemnified Party without the consent of such D&O Indemnified Party. The provisions of this Section 7.12 shall survive the Closing and expressly are intended to benefit, and are enforceable by, each of the D&O Indemnified Parties, each of whom is an intended third-party beneficiary of this Section 7.12.

 

(d) If Parent or, after the Closing, any Group Company, or any of their respective successors or assigns: (i) consolidates with or merges into any other Person and shall not be the continuing or surviving entity of such consolidation or merger; or (ii) transfers or conveys all or substantially all of its properties and assets to any Person, then, in each such case, proper provision shall be made so that the successors and assigns of Parent or such Group Company, as applicable, assume the obligations set forth in this Section 7.12.

 

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7.13 280G Approval. To the extent that any “disqualified individual” (within the meaning of Section 280G(c) of the Code and the regulations thereunder) has the right to receive any payments or benefits that could be deemed to constitute “parachute payments” (within the meaning of Section 280G(b)(2)(A) of the Code and the regulations thereunder), then, the Company will: (a) reasonably in advance of the Closing Date, solicit and use its reasonable best efforts to obtain from each such “disqualified individual” a waiver of such disqualified individual’s rights to some or all of such payments or benefits (the “Waived 280G Benefits”) so that any remaining payments and/or benefits shall not be deemed to be “excess parachute payments” (within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code and the regulations thereunder); and (b) reasonably in advance of the Closing Date, with respect to each individual who agrees to the waiver described in clause (a), submit to a vote of holders of the equity interests of the Company entitled to vote on such matters, in the manner required under Section 280G(b)(5) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, along with adequate disclosure intended to satisfy such requirements (including Q&A 7 of Section 1.280G-1 of such regulations), the right of any such “disqualified individual” to receive the Waived 280G Benefits. Prior to soliciting such waivers and approval, the Company shall provide drafts of such waivers and approval materials to Parent for its review and comment, and the Company shall consider in good faith any changes reasonably requested by Parent. Reasonably in advance of soliciting the waivers, the Company shall provide Parent upon request with the calculations and related documentation to determine whether and to what extent the vote described in this Section 7.13 is necessary in order to avoid the imposition of Taxes under Section 4999 of the Code. To the extent applicable, prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver to Parent evidence that a vote of the stockholders of the Company was solicited in accordance with the foregoing and whether the requisite number of votes of the stockholders of the Company was obtained with respect to the Waived 280G Benefits or that the vote did not pass and the Waived 280G Benefits will not be paid or retained.

 

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7.14 Tax Matters.

 

(a) Tax Apportionment. For all purposes of this Agreement: (i) any Taxes for a taxable period beginning before the Closing Date and ending after the Closing Date with respect to the Group Companies shall be apportioned between the portion of the period ending on the Closing Date and the portion of the period commencing on the day immediately following the Closing Date, based on the actual operations of such entity, as the case may be, by a closing of the books of such entity, as if the Closing Date were the end of a Tax year (and, for such purpose, the Tax period of any partnership or pass-through entity, or any controlled foreign corporation within the meaning of Section 957(a) of the Code, in which a Group Company holds a beneficial interest shall be deemed to terminate as of the Closing Date), and each such portion of such period shall be deemed to be a taxable period (whether or not it is in fact a taxable period); (ii) in the case of any Taxes imposed on a periodic basis (e.g., any real property, personal property or similar ad valorem Taxes) that are payable for a taxable period that includes, but does not end on, the Closing Date, the portion of such Tax which relates to the portion of such taxable period ending on the Closing Date shall be deemed to be the amount of such Tax for the entire taxable period multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the taxable period ending on (and including) the Closing Date and the denominator of which is the number of days in the entire taxable period, and (iii) notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement or otherwise, the Mergers, taken together, shall be treated as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code (or comparable provision of state and local Tax law). Parent agrees that it shall not make any election under Section 338 or 336(e) of the Code, or any similar provision of state, local or foreign Legal Requirements, with respect to the Transactions.

 

(b) Transfer Taxes. Notwithstanding anything in Section 7.14(a) to the contrary, all transfer, documentary, sales, use, stamp, registration, excise, recording, registration value added and other such similar Taxes and fees (including any penalties and interest) that become payable in connection with or by reason of the execution of this Agreement and the Transactions (collectively, “Transfer Taxes”) shall be borne and paid by Parent. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, Parent shall timely file any Tax Return or other document with respect to such Taxes or fees (and the Seller and Parent shall reasonably cooperate with respect thereto as necessary).

 

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(c) FIRPTA Matters. On the Closing Date, the Company shall provide Parent with a certificate on behalf of the Company, prepared in a manner consistent and in accordance with the requirements of Treasury Regulation Sections 1.897-2(g), (h) and 1.1445-2(c)(3), certifying that no interest in the Company is, or has been during the relevant period specified in Section 897(c)(1)(A)(ii) of the Code, a “U.S. real property interest” within the meaning of Section 897(c) of the Code, and a form of notice to the Internal Revenue Service prepared in accordance with the provisions of Treasury Regulations Section 1.897-2(h)(2); providedthat, notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event the Company fails to deliver such certificate, Parent shall be entitled to make a proper withholding of Tax to the extent required by Applicable Legal Requirements.

 

7.15 Subscription Agreements. Parent shall not permit any amendment or modification to be made to, or any waiver of any provision or remedy under, or any replacements of, the Subscription Agreements in a manner materially adverse to the Company or the Seller, it being understood that any amendments or arrangements contemplated by or referred to in the Subscription Agreements, and any assignments or transfers otherwise permitted by the Subscription Agreements, shall not be considered to be materially adverse to the Company or the Seller. Parent shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions and do, or cause to be done, all things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Subscription Agreements on the terms and conditions described therein, including maintaining in effect the Subscription Agreements and using its commercially reasonable efforts to: (i) satisfy in all material respects on a timely basis all conditions and covenants applicable to Parent in the Subscription Agreements and otherwise comply with its obligations thereunder; (ii) in the event that all conditions in the Subscription Agreements (other than conditions that Parent or any of its Affiliates control the satisfaction of and other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing) have been satisfied, consummate transactions contemplated by the Subscription Agreements at or prior to Closing; and (iii) enforce its rights under the Subscription Agreements in the event that all conditions in the Subscription Agreements (other than conditions that Parent or any of its Affiliates control the satisfaction of and other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing) have been satisfied, to cause the applicable PIPE Investors to pay to (or as directed by) Parent the applicable portion of the PIPE Investment Amount set forth in the Subscription Agreements at or prior to the Closing (if all conditions set forth in the applicable Subscription Agreement have been satisfied or waived (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing and other than conditions that Parent or any of its Affiliates control the satisfaction of)). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Parent shall give the Company or the Seller, prompt (and, in any event within three (3) Business Days) written notice: (A) of any amendment to any Subscription Agreement (other than as a result of any assignments or transfers contemplated therein or otherwise permitted thereby); (B) of any breach or default (or any event or circumstance that, with or without notice, lapse of time or both, could give rise to any breach or default) by any party to any Subscription Agreement known to Parent; (C) of the receipt of any written notice or other written communication from any party to any Subscription Agreement with respect to any actual, potential or claimed expiration, lapse, withdrawal, breach, default, termination or repudiation by any party to any Subscription Agreement or any provisions of any Subscription Agreement; and (D) if Parent does not expect to receive all or any portion of the PIPE Investment Amount on the terms, in the manner or from the PIPE Investors contemplated by the Subscription Agreements.

 

7.16 Section 16 Matters. Prior to the Effective Time, Parent shall take all reasonable steps as may be required or permitted to cause any acquisition or disposition of the Parent Class A Stock that occurs or is deemed to occur by reason of or pursuant to the Transactions by each director and officer of Parent who is or will be subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act with respect to Parent to be exempt under Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act, including by taking steps in accordance with the No-Action Letter, dated January 12, 1999, issued by the SEC regarding such matters.

 

7.17 Qualification as an Emerging Growth Company. Parent shall, at all times during the period from the date hereof until the Closing: (a) take all actions necessary to continue to qualify as an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”); and (b) not take any action that would cause Parent to not qualify as an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the JOBS Act.

 

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7.18 Board of Directors. The Parties shall use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that the persons listed on Schedule 7.18 of the Company Disclosure Letter and the other persons identified by the applicable Party (as if the Stockholders Agreement were in effect) following the date hereof are elected and appointed as directors of Parent effective upon or immediately after the Closing; provided, that any such persons not listed on Schedule 7.18 of the Company Disclosure Letter shall be identified as promptly as practicable following the date hereof (but in no event later than the date on which the Proxy Statement is filed with the SEC).

 

7.19 R&W Insurance Policy. Any R&W Insurance Policy obtained for the benefit of Parent shall provide that the Seller shall not be liable to the insurer under the R&W Insurance Policy for subrogation claims pursuant to the R&W Insurance Policy, other than in the event of intentional fraud in the making of the representations and warranties in this Agreement by such Person, and Parent covenants and agrees that the R&W Insurance Policy will include a waiver of subrogation claims against the Seller, other than in the event of intentional fraud in the making of the representations and warranties in this Agreement by such Person.

 

7.20 Deleveraging Amount. Simultaneously with the Closing, Parent shall pay, at the direction, on behalf and for the benefit of certain applicable Subsidiaries of the Company that are borrowers under the applicable Existing Credit Agreements, to the lenders under the Existing Credit Agreements an amount equal to such Deleveraging Amount as a partial repayment of the outstanding Borrowed Indebtedness; provided, that, to the extent Parent, the Company and Seller mutually agree, Parent shall be entitled to use all or a portion of such amount to pay down other Indebtedness of the Company (and the amount payable to the lenders under the Existing Credit Agreement pursuant to this Section 7.20 shall be decreased accordingly).

 

7.21 Incentive Equity Awards. Prior to the Closing Date, Parent shall approve and adopt an incentive equity plan in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit G (the “Incentive Equity Plan”). As soon as practicable following the expiration of the sixty (60) day period following the date Parent has filed current Form 10 information with the SEC reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell company, Parent shall file an effective registration statement on Form S-8 (or other applicable form) with respect to the Parent Class A Stock issuable under the Incentive Equity Plan. Upon the effectiveness of the Form S-8, Parent shall grant restricted stock under the Incentive Equity Plan in accordance with the general terms set forth on Schedule 7.21 of the Parent Disclosure Letter.

 

7.22 Release.

 

(a) Effective upon and following the Closing, Parent, on its own behalf and on behalf of its respective Affiliates and Representatives, generally, irrevocably, unconditionally and completely releases and forever discharges the Seller, each of its respective Affiliates and each of its and their respective Affiliates’ respective Related Parties, and each of their respective successors and assigns and each of their respective Related Parties (collectively, the “Seller Released Parties”) from all disputes, claims, losses, controversies, demands, rights, liabilities, actions and causes of action of every kind and nature, whether known or unknown, arising from any matter concerning any Group Company occurring prior to the Closing Date (other than as contemplated by this Agreement), including for controlling equityholder liability or breach of any fiduciary duty relating to any pre-Closing actions or failures to act by the Seller Released Parties; providedhowever, that nothing in this Section 7.22 shall release any Seller Released Parties from: (i) claims based on intentional fraud; (ii) their obligations under this Agreement or the other Transaction Agreements; or (iii) as applicable, any disputes, claims, losses, controversies, demands, rights, liabilities, breaches of fiduciary duty, actions and causes of action arising out of such Seller Released Party’s employment by any Group Company.

 

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(b) Effective upon and following the Closing, each Seller, on its own behalf and on behalf of each of its Affiliates and Representatives, generally, irrevocably, unconditionally and completely releases and forever discharges Parent and each Group Company, each of their respective Affiliates and each of their and their respective Affiliates’ respective Related Parties, and each of their respective successors and assigns and each of their respective Related Parties (collectively, the “Parent Released Parties”) from all disputes, claims, losses, controversies, demands, rights, liabilities, actions and causes of action of every kind and nature, whether known or unknown, arising from any matter concerning any Group Company occurring prior to the Closing Date (other than as contemplated by this Agreement, including with respect to Section 7.12); providedhowever, that nothing in this Section 7.22 shall release the Parent Released Parties from their obligations: (i) under this Agreement or the other Transaction Agreements; or (ii) with respect to any salary, bonuses, vacation pay or employee benefits accrued pursuant to an Employee Benefit Plan in effect as of the date of this Agreement or any expense reimbursement pursuant to a policy of the Group Companies in effect as of the date of this Agreement and consistent with past practice.

 

7.23 Treatment of VGC Notes.

 

(a) Promptly following the written request of Parent, and at Parent’s expense, the Company shall cause Vertiv Group Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“VGC”), to commence, pursuant to that certain Indenture, dated as of October 17, 2016 (as amended, the “Senior Secured Indenture”), by and among VGC, the guarantors and guaranteeing subsidiaries party thereto, as applicable, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (the “Trustee”), governing VGC’s 9.250% Senior Secured Notes due 2024 (“Senior Secured Notes”), and pursuant to that certain Indenture, dated as of May 13, 2019 (as amended, the “2L Indenture” and, together with the Senior Secured Indenture, the “Indentures””), by and among VGC, the guarantors party thereto and the Trustee, governing VGC’s 10.00% Senior Secured Second Lien Notes due 2024 (the “2L Notes”” and, together with the Senior Secured Notes, the “Notes”), a Change of Control Offer (as defined in each respective Indenture) pursuant to the Indentures (a “Change of Control Offer”) to purchase all of the applicable series of Notes in accordance with, and on the terms set forth in, each applicable Indenture for such series of Notes. Such Change of Control Offer shall be undertaken by VGC (x) on such commercially reasonable timing as specified by Parent and (y) on such other terms mutually agreed between Parent and the Company, including that (i) any such Change of Control Offer shall be commenced sufficiently in advance of the anticipated Closing Date so that it shall expire no later than a time specified by Parent on the Business Day prior to the Closing, and (ii) any acceptance by VGC of Notes tendered in such Change of Control Offer shall be conditioned on, and shall occur substantially concurrently with, the Closing. In accordance with the terms of, and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of, any other applicable conditions precedent to such Change of Control Offer, on the Closing Date, VGC shall accept for purchase, and shall purchase, all of the Notes validly tendered, and not validly withdrawn, in such Change of Control Offer.

 

(b) Parent shall provide (or cause to be provided) to the Company funds in an amount equal to the amount necessary for VGC to purchase any Notes validly tendered, and not validly withdrawn, and accepted for purchase in such Change of Control Offer (the “Change of Control Offer Funding Amount”).

(c) The Company shall, or shall cause VGC to, prepare or cause to be prepared, in consultation with Parent and its Representatives, and shall afford Parent and its Representatives a reasonable opportunity to review, the offer to purchase and all related offer documents in connection with any Change of Control Offer, in accordance with the terms and conditions required to be contained therein pursuant to this Section 7.23 (all such documents, collectively, the “Notes Documentation”), which Notes Documentation shall be reasonably satisfactory to Parent. At the written request of Parent, the Company shall waive any conditions to any Change of Control Offer (other than that the acceptance of any Notes tendered in such Change of Control Offer shall be conditioned on the substantially concurrent occurrence of the Closing and that there shall be no Order prohibiting consummation of such Change of Control Offer). Without the written consent of Parent, the Seller and the Company shall not, and shall not permit VGC to, waive any condition to any Change of Control Offer or make any changes thereto or to the Notes Documentation other than as mutually agreed between Parent and the Company. Nothing in this Section 7.23 shall be deemed an admission that Parent, the Company, VGC or any of the other Group Companies or any other party hereto is required by the terms of the Indentures to make a Change of Control Offer pursuant thereto or that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement constitute a Change of Control under either Indenture.

 

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7.24 Existing Credit Agreement Consents. Promptly after the execution of this Agreement, the Company shall expend commercially reasonable efforts to (a) obtain and deliver to Parent duly executed copies of the Existing Credit Agreement Consents, (b) maintain the Existing Credit Agreement Consents in full force and effect and (c) satisfy on a timely basis all conditions applicable to the Group Companies or any of their Affiliates in such Existing Credit Agreement Consents.

 

7.25 Payment of Management Transaction Bonuses. In accordance with the applicable instructions in the Investing Managers’ Participation Plan Releases, Parent shall retain a portion of the Bonus Plan Amount equal to the Management Investment Amount in satisfaction of the aggregate amount required to be paid to Parent by the Investing Managers pursuant to their Subscription Agreements. Simultaneously with the Closing, Parent shall pay to Vertiv Holding Corporation an amount equal to the Bonus Plan Amount less the Management Investment Amount and shall cause Vertiv Holding Corporation to pay or cause to be paid such amount less the aggregate amount of all applicable income and employment income and employment tax withholding obligations that Vertiv Holding Corporation (or an applicable Investing Manager’s employer) would have been required to withhold and remit to the applicable taxing authorities had the Management Investment Amount been paid through its payroll to the persons entitled thereto in accordance with the terms of their respective Participation Plan Releases.

ARTICLE VIII

 

CONDITIONS TO THE TRANSACTION

 

8.1 Conditions to Obligations of Each Party’s Obligations. The respective obligations of each Party to this Agreement to effect the Mergers and the other Transactions shall be subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing of the following conditions:

 

(a) At the Special Meeting (including any adjournments thereof), the Parent Stockholder Matters shall have been duly adopted by the stockholders of Parent in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), the Parent Organizational Documents and the NYSE rules and regulations, as applicable.

 

(b) Parent shall have at least $5,000,001 of net tangible assets following the exercise by the holders of Parent Class A Stock issued in Parent’s initial public offering of securities and outstanding immediately before the Closing of their right to redeem their Parent Class A Stock held by them into a pro rata share of the Trust Account in accordance with Parent Organizational Documents.

 

(c) (i) All applicable waiting periods (and any extensions thereof) under the HSR Act will have expired or otherwise been terminated, and (ii) the Parties will have received or have been deemed to have received all other necessary pre-Closing authorizations, consents, clearances, waivers and approvals of the Governmental Entities set forth on Section 8.1(c) of the Parent Disclosure Schedule in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Transactions (or any applicable waiting period thereunder shall have expired or been terminated).

 

(d) No provision of any Applicable Legal Requirement prohibiting, enjoining, restricting or making illegal the consummation of the Transactions shall be in effect, and no temporary, preliminary or permanent restraining Order enjoining, restricting or making illegal the consummation of the Transactions will be in effect or shall be threatened in writing by a Governmental Entity.

 

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(e) The Parent Class A Stock to be issued pursuant to this Agreement shall be approved for listing upon the Closing on the NYSE subject to the requirement to have a sufficient number of round lot holders.

 

(f) The PIPE Investment (and the funding of the PIPE Investment Amount) shall have been consummated or will be consummated substantially concurrently with the Closing in accordance with the terms of the Subscription Agreements.

 

(g) Parent Cash shall equal or exceed $1,375,000,000.

 

8.2 Additional Conditions to Obligations of the Seller and the Company. The obligations of the Seller and the Company to consummate and effect the Mergers and the other Transactions shall be subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing of each of the following conditions, any of which may be waived, in writing, exclusively by the Seller:

 

(a) The Fundamental Representations of Parent shall be true and correct in all but de minimis respects (without giving effect to any limitation as to “materiality” or “Parent Material Adverse Effect” or any similar limitation contain herein) on and as of the date of this Agreement and on and as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent that any such representation and warranty expressly speaks as of an earlier date, in which case such representation and warranty shall be true and correct as of such earlier date); and all other representations and warranties of Parent set forth in Article V hereof shall be true and correct (without giving effect to any limitation as to “materiality” or “Parent Material Adverse Effect” or any similar limitation contained herein) on and as of the date of this Agreement and on as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent that any such representation and warranty expressly speaks as of an earlier date, in which case such representation and warranty shall be true and correct as of such earlier date), except where the failure of such representations and warranties of Parent to be so true and correct, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and is not reasonably likely to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect.

 

(b) Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub shall have performed or complied with all agreements and covenants required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by them on or prior to the Closing Date, in each case in all material respects.

 

(c) Parent shall have delivered to the Seller a certificate, signed by an executive officer of Parent and dated as of the Closing Date, certifying as to the matters set forth in Section 8.2(a)Section 8.2(b) and Section 8.2(d).

 

(d) No Parent Material Adverse Effect shall have occurred since the date of this Agreement.

 

(e) The persons listed on Schedule 8.2(e) of the Company Disclosure Letter shall have resigned from all of their positions and offices with Parent.

 

(f) Parent shall have delivered or shall stand ready to deliver all of the certificates, instruments, Contracts and other documents specified to be delivered by it hereunder, including copies of the documents to be delivered by Parent pursuant to Section 1.3(a), duly executed by Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub, as applicable.

 

(g) The Parent Charter shall be amended and restated in the form of the Parent A&R Charter, and the Parent Bylaws shall be amended and restated in the form of the Parent A&R Bylaws.

 

(h) Parent shall have made appropriate arrangements to have the Trust Account, less amounts paid and to be paid pursuant to Section 7.11, available to Parent for payment of the Closing Cash Payment Amount at the Closing.

 

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(i) The Subscription Agreements shall not have been amended in a manner that is adverse to the Seller or the Company.

 

(j) The Parent Affiliate Arrangements shall have been terminated.

 

(k) Parent shall have caused First Merger Sub to file a validly executed Internal Revenue Service Form 8832 electing for First Merger Sub to be classified as an association taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes effective as of prior to the Closing.

 

8.3 Additional Conditions to the Obligations of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub. The obligations of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub to consummate and effect the Mergers and the other Transactions shall be subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing of each of the following conditions, any of which may be waived, in writing, exclusively by Parent:

 

(a) The Fundamental Representations of the Seller shall be true and correct in all but de minimis respects (without giving effect to any limitation as to “materiality” or “Seller Material Adverse Effect” or any similar limitation contain herein) on and as of the date of this Agreement and on as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent that any such representation and warranty expressly speaks as of an earlier date, in which case such representation and warranty shall be true and correct as of such earlier date); and all other representations and warranties of the Seller set forth in Article III hereof shall be true and correct (without giving effect to any limitation as to “materiality” or “Seller Material Adverse Effect” or any similar limitation contained herein) on and as of the date of this Agreement and on as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent that any such representation and warranty expressly speaks as of an earlier date, in which case such representation and warranty shall be true and correct as of such earlier date), except where the failure of such representations and warranties of the Company to be so true and correct has not had and is not reasonably likely to have a Seller Material Adverse Effect.

 

(b) The Fundamental Representations of the Company shall be true and correct in all material respects (without giving effect to any limitation as to “materiality” or “Company Material Adverse Effect” or any similar limitation contain herein) on and as of the date of this Agreement and on as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent that any such representation and warranty expressly speaks as of an earlier date, in which case such representation and warranty shall be true and correct as of such earlier date); and all other representations and warranties of the Company set forth in Article IV hereof shall be true and correct (without giving effect to any limitation as to “materiality” or “Company Material Adverse Effect” or any similar limitation contained herein) on and as of the date of this Agreement and on as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent that any such representation and warranty expressly speaks as of an earlier date, in which case such representation and warranty shall be true and correct as of such earlier date), except where the failure of such representations and warranties of the Company to be so true and correct, individually or in the aggregate, has not had and is not reasonably likely to have a Company Material Adverse Effect.

 

(c) The Seller and the Company shall have performed or complied with all agreements and covenants required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by it at or prior to the Closing Date, in each case in all material respects.

 

(d) The Seller shall have delivered to Parent a certificate, signed by an authorized representative of the Seller and dated as of the Closing Date, certifying as to the matters set forth in Section 8.3(a)Section 8.3(c) (solely with respect to the Seller) and Section 8.3(f) (solely with respect to a Seller Material Adverse Effect).

 

(e) The Company shall have delivered to Parent a certificate, signed by an authorized representative of the Company and dated as of the Closing Date, certifying as to the matters set forth in Section 8.3(b)Section 8.3(c) (solely with respect to the Company) and Section 8.3(f) (solely with respect to the Company).

 

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(f) No Seller Material Adverse Effect or Company Material Adverse Effect shall have occurred since the date of this Agreement.

 

(g) The Company or the Seller shall have delivered, or caused to be delivered, or shall stand ready to deliver all of the certificates, instruments, Contracts and other documents specified to be delivered by it hereunder, including copies of the documents to be delivered by the Company or the Seller pursuant to Section 1.3(b), duly executed by the Company or the Seller, as applicable.

 

(h) The Company Affiliate Arrangements shall have been terminated.

 

(i) The Company or the Seller shall have delivered to Parent the Existing Credit Agreement Consents, duly executed by the requisite lenders and agents under the Existing Credit Agreements, which consents shall be in full force and effect as of the Closing Date and all conditions required to be satisfied as of the Closing Date under such Existing Credit Agreement Consents shall have been (or simultaneously with Closing will be) satisfied.

 

ARTICLE IX

 

TERMINATION

9.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Closing:

 

(a) by mutual written agreement of Parent and the Seller at any time;

 

(b) by either Parent or the Seller if the Transactions shall not have been consummated by April 15, 2020 (the “Outside Date”); providedhowever, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 9.1(b) shall not be available to any Party whose action or failure to act has been a principal cause of or resulted in the failure of the Transactions to occur on or before such date and such action or failure to act constitutes a breach of this Agreement; providedfurther, the Outside Date may be extended by Parent and the Seller by mutual agreement for an agreed period if all of the conditions set forth in Section 8.1Section 8.2 and Section 8.3 have been satisfied or waived at the Outside Date, other than the condition set forth in Section 8.1(f) and those conditions which by their terms would be satisfied at the Closing;

 

(c) by either Parent or the Seller if a Governmental Entity shall have issued an Order or taken any other action, in any case having the effect of permanently restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the Transactions, including the Mergers, which Order or other action is final and nonappealable;

 

(d) by the Seller, upon a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement set forth in this Agreement on the part of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub, or if any representation or warranty of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub shall have become untrue, in either case such that the conditions set forth in Article VIII would not be satisfied as of the time of such breach or as of the time such representation or warranty shall have become untrue; provided, that if such breach by Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub is curable by Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub prior to the Closing, then the Seller must first provide written notice of such breach and may not terminate this Agreement under this Section 9.1(d) until the earlier of: (i) thirty (30) days after delivery of written notice from the Seller to Parent of such breach; and (ii) the Outside Date; providedfurther, that each of Parent, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub continues to exercise commercially reasonable efforts to cure such breach (it being understood that the Seller may not terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 9.1(d) if: (A) it shall have materially breached this Agreement and such breach has not been cured; or (B) if such breach by Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub is cured during such thirty (30) day period);

 

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(e) by Parent, upon a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement set forth in this Agreement on the part of the Seller or the Company or if any representation or warranty of the Seller or the Company shall have become untrue, in either case such that the conditions set forth in Article VIII would not be satisfied as of the time of such breach or as of the time such representation or warranty shall have become untrue; provided, that if such breach is curable by the Seller or the Company prior to the Closing, then Parent must first provide written notice of such breach and may not terminate this Agreement under this Section 9.1(e) until the earlier of: (i) thirty (30) days after delivery of written notice from Parent to the Seller of such breach; and (ii) the Outside Date; providedfurther, that the Seller or the Company, as applicable, continue to exercise commercially reasonable efforts to cure such breach (it being understood that Parent may not terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 9.1(e) if: (A) it shall have materially breached this Agreement and such breach has not been cured; or (B) if such breach by the Company is cured during such thirty (30) day period);

 

(f) by either Parent or the Seller, if, at the Special Meeting (including any adjournments thereof), the Parent Stockholder Matters are not duly adopted by the stockholders of Parent by the requisite vote under the DGCL and the Parent Organizational Documents; or

 

(g) by any Party, if the condition set forth in Section 8.1(g) becomes incapable of being satisfied at the Closing.

 

9.2 Notice of Termination; Effect of Termination.

 

(a) Any termination of this Agreement under Section 9.1 above will be effective immediately upon the delivery of written notice of the terminating Party to the other Parties.

 

(b) In the event of the termination of this Agreement as provided in Section 9.1, this Agreement shall be of no further force or effect and the Transactions shall be abandoned, except for and subject to the following: (i) Section 7.4Section 7.7, this Section 9.2Article XI (General Provisions) and the Confidentiality Agreement shall survive the termination of this Agreement; and (ii) nothing herein shall relieve any Party from liability for any intentional breach of this Agreement or intentional fraud in the making of the representations and warranties in this Agreement.

 

ARTICLE X

 

NO SURVIVAL

 

10.1 No Survival. None of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements in this Agreement or in any instrument delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall survive the Closing and all rights, claims and causes of action (whether in contract or in tort or otherwise, or whether at law or in equity) with respect thereto shall terminate at the Closing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither this Section 10.1 nor anything else in this Agreement to the contrary (including Section 11.14) shall limit: (a) the survival of any covenant or agreement of the Parties which by its terms is required to be performed or complied with in whole or in part after the Closing, which covenants and agreements shall survive the Closing in accordance with their respective terms; or (b) any claim against any Person with respect to intentional fraud in the making of the representations and warranties by such Person in Article IIIArticle IV or Article V, as applicable. Nothing in this Section 10.1 shall limit or prohibit the rights of Parent to pursue recoveries under the R&W Insurance Policy or any other representation and warranty insurance policy.

 

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ARTICLE XI

 

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

11.1 Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given: (a) on the date established by the sender as having been delivered personally; (b) one (1) Business Day after being sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier guaranteeing overnight delivery; (c) on the date delivered, if delivered by email of a pdf document; or (d) on the fifth Business Day after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid. Such communications, to be valid, must be addressed as follows:

 

if to Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub, to:

 

GS Acquisition Holdings Corp
200 West Street
New York, New York 10282
Attention: Raanan A. Agus
  David S. Plutzer
Email:  raanan.agus@gs.com
  david.plutzer@gs.com

 

with a copy to:

 

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
Four Times Square
New York, New York 10036
Attention: Howard L. Ellin
  C. Michael Chitwood
Email: howard.ellin@skadden.com
  michael.chitwood@skadden.com

 

if to the Seller or the Company to:

 

c/o Platinum Equity Advisors, LLC
360 North Crescent Drive, South Bldg.
Beverly Hills, CA 90210
Attention: S. Kris Agarwal
Fax: 310.712.1863
Email: kagarwal@platinumequity.com

 

with a copy to:

 

Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, LLP
600 Anton Blvd, 18th Floor
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
Attention: James W. Loss
  Todd A. Hentges
Email: jim.loss@morganlewis.com
  todd.hentges@morganlewis.com

 

or to such other address or to the attention of such Person or Persons as the recipient Party has specified by prior written notice to the sending Party (or in the case of counsel, to such other readily ascertainable business address as such counsel may hereafter maintain). If more than one method for sending notice as set forth above is used, the earliest notice date established as set forth above shall control.

 

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11.2 Interpretation. The words “hereof,” “herein,” “hereinafter,” “hereunder,” and “hereto” and words of similar import refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular section or subsection of this Agreement and reference to a particular section of this Agreement will include all subsections thereof, unless, in each case, the context otherwise requires. The definitions of the terms herein shall apply equally to the singular and plural forms of the terms defined. Whenever the context shall require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms. When a reference is made in this Agreement to an Exhibit, such reference shall be to an Exhibit to this Agreement unless otherwise indicated. When a reference is made in this Agreement to Sections or subsections, such reference shall be to a Section or subsection of this Agreement. Unless otherwise indicated the words “include,” “includes” and “including” when used herein shall be deemed in each case to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The words “made available” mean that the subject documents or other materials were included in and available at the “Crew VDR” online datasite hosted by Merrill DatasiteOne at least two (2) Business Days prior to the date of this Agreement. The table of contents and headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. When reference is made herein to “the business of” an entity, such reference shall be deemed to include the business of all direct and indirect subsidiaries of such entity. Reference to the subsidiaries of an entity shall be deemed to include all direct and indirect subsidiaries of such entity. The word “or” shall be disjunctive but not exclusive. When calculating the period of time before which, within which or following which any act is to be done or step taken pursuant to this Agreement, the date that is the reference date in calculating such period shall be excluded and if the last day of such period is a non-Business Day, the period in question shall end on the next succeeding Business Day. References to a particular statute or regulation including all rules and regulations thereunder and any predecessor or successor statute, rule, or regulation, in each case as amended or otherwise modified from time to time. All references to currency amounts in this Agreement shall mean United States dollars.

 

11.3 Counterparts; Electronic Delivery. This Agreement, the Transaction Agreements and each other document executed in connection with the Transactions, and the consummation thereof, may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same document and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the Parties and delivered to the other Parties, it being understood that all Parties need not sign the same counterpart. Delivery by electronic transmission to counsel for the other Parties of a counterpart executed by a Party shall be deemed to meet the requirements of the previous sentence.

 

11.4 Entire Agreement; Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement, the other Transaction Agreements and any other documents and instruments and agreements among the Parties as contemplated by or referred to herein, including the Exhibits and Schedules hereto: (a) constitute the entire agreement among the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof; and (b) other than the rights, at and after the Effective Time, of Persons pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.12 and Section 11.14 (which will be for the benefit of the Persons set forth therein), are not intended to confer upon any other Person other than the Parties any rights or remedies.

 

11.5 Severability. In the event that any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement, or the application thereof, is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable under any present or future Legal Requirement: (a) such provision will be fully severable; (b) this Agreement will be construed and enforced as if such illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision had never comprised a part hereof; (c) the remaining provisions of this Agreement will remain in full force and effect and will not be affected by the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision or by its severance herefrom; and (d) in lieu of such illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision, there will be added automatically as a part of this Agreement a legal, valid and enforceable provision as similar in terms of such illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision as may be possible.

 

11.6 Other Remedies; Specific Performance. Except as otherwise provided herein, prior to the Closing, any and all remedies herein expressly conferred upon a Party will be deemed cumulative with and not exclusive of any other remedy conferred hereby, or by law or equity upon such Party, and the exercise by a Party of any one remedy will not preclude the exercise of any other remedy. The Parties agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that each Party shall be entitled to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Agreement in any court of the United States or any state having jurisdiction and immediate injunctive relief to prevent breaches of this Agreement, without the necessity of proving the inadequacy of money damages as a remedy and without bond or other security being required, this being in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity. Each of the Parties hereby acknowledges and agrees that it may be difficult to prove damages with reasonable certainty, that it may be difficult to procure suitable substitute performance, and that injunctive relief and/or specific performance will not cause an undue hardship to the Parties. Each of the Parties hereby further acknowledges that the existence of any other remedy contemplated by this Agreement does not diminish the availability of specific performance of the obligations hereunder or any other injunctive relief. Each Party hereby further agrees that in the event of any action by any other party for specific performance or injunctive relief, it will not assert that a remedy at law or other remedy would be adequate or that specific performance or injunctive relief in respect of such breach or violation should not be available on the grounds that money damages are adequate or any other grounds. Parent acknowledges and agrees that the Seller shall be entitled to bring an action for specific enforcement to cause Parent to seek to enforce the provisions of the Subscription Agreements to the fullest extent permissible pursuant to such Subscription Agreements as if it were a party thereto.

 

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11.7 Governing Law. This Agreement and the consummation the Transactions, and any action, suit, dispute, controversy or claim arising out of this Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions, or the validity, interpretation, breach or termination of this Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal law of the State of Delaware regardless of the law that might otherwise govern under applicable principles of conflicts of law thereof.

 

11.8 Consent to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial.

 

(a) Except as provided in Sections 2.11(c) and 7.14, each of the Parties irrevocably consents to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware (or, to the extent that the such Court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, the Superior Court of the State of Delaware) or if it has or can acquire jurisdiction in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, in each case in connection with any matter based upon or arising out of this Agreement, the other Transaction Agreements and the consummation of the Transactions, agrees that process may be served upon them in any manner authorized by the laws of the State of Delaware for such Person and waives and covenants not to assert or plead any objection which they might otherwise have to such manner of service of process. Each Party and any Person asserting rights as a third-party beneficiary may do so only if he, she or it hereby waives, and shall not assert as a defense in any legal dispute, that: (a) such Person is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of the above named courts for any reason; (b) such Legal Proceeding may not be brought or is not maintainable in such court; (c) such Person’s property is exempt or immune from execution; (d) such Legal Proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum; or (e) the venue of such Legal Proceeding is improper. Each Party and any Person asserting rights as a third-party beneficiary hereby agrees not to commence or prosecute any such action, claim, cause of action or suit other than before one of the above-named courts, nor to make any motion or take any other action seeking or intending to cause the transfer or removal of any such action, claim, cause of action or suit to any court other than one of the above-named courts, whether on the grounds of inconvenient forum or otherwise. Each Party hereby consents to service of process in any such proceeding in any manner permitted by Delaware law, and further consents to service of process by nationally recognized overnight courier service guaranteeing overnight delivery, or by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, at its address specified pursuant to Section 11.1. Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section 11.8, any Party may commence any action, claim, cause of action or suit in a court other than the above-named courts solely for the purpose of enforcing an order or judgment issued by one of the above-named courts.

 

A-65

 

 

(b) TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY APPLICABLE LAW WHICH CANNOT BE WAIVED, EACH OF THE PARTIES AND ANY PERSON ASSERTING RIGHTS AS A THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARY MAY DO SO ONLY IF HE, SHE OR IT IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY ON ANY CLAIMS OR COUNTERCLAIMS ASSERTED IN ANY LEGAL DISPUTE RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, EACH OTHER TRANSACTION AGREEMENTS AND THE CONSUMMATION OF THE TRANSACTIONS, AND FOR ANY COUNTERCLAIM RELATING THERETO, IN EACH CASE WHETHER NOW EXISTING OR HEREAFTER ARISING. IF THE SUBJECT MATTER OF ANY SUCH LEGAL DISPUTE IS ONE IN WHICH THE WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL IS PROHIBITED, NO PARTY NOR ANY PERSON ASSERTING RIGHTS AS A THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARY SHALL ASSERT IN SUCH LEGAL DISPUTE A NON-COMPULSORY COUNTERCLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, THE OTHER TRANSACTION AGREEMENTS AND THE CONSUMMATION OF THE TRANSACTIONS. FURTHERMORE, NO PARTY NOR ANY PERSON ASSERTING RIGHTS AS A THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARY SHALL SEEK TO CONSOLIDATE ANY SUCH LEGAL DISPUTE WITH A SEPARATE ACTION OR OTHER LEGAL PROCEEDING IN WHICH A JURY TRIAL CANNOT BE WAIVED.

 

11.9 Rules of Construction. Each of the Parties agrees that it has been represented by independent counsel of its choice during the negotiation and execution of this Agreement and each Party hereto and its counsel cooperated in the drafting and preparation of this Agreement and the documents referred to herein and, therefore, waive the application of any law, regulation, holding or rule of construction providing that ambiguities in an agreement or other document will be construed against the Party drafting such agreement or document.

 

11.10 Expenses. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, whether or not the Transactions are consummated, each Party will pay its own costs and expenses incurred in anticipation of, relating to and in connection with the negotiation and execution of this Agreement and the Transaction Agreements and the consummation of the Transactions.

 

11.11 Assignment. No Party may assign, directly or indirectly, including by operation of law, either this Agreement or any of its rights, interests, or obligations hereunder without the prior written approval of the other Parties; provided, however, that in the event of a claim for intentional fraud in the making of the representations and warranties in Article III or Article IV, Parent may assign its rights hereunder to the insurer of the R&W Insurance Policy. Subject to the first sentence of this Section 11.11, this Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns.

 

11.12 Amendment. This Agreement may be amended by the Parties at any time by execution of an instrument in writing signed on behalf of each of the Parties.

 

11.13 Extension; Waiver. At any time prior to the Closing, Parent (on behalf of itself, First Merger Sub and Second Merger Sub), on the one hand, and the Seller (on behalf of itself and the Company) may, to the extent not prohibited by Applicable Legal Requirements: (a) extend the time for the performance of any of the obligations or other acts of the other Party; (b) waive any inaccuracies in the representations and warranties made to the other Party contained herein or in any document delivered pursuant hereto; and (c) waive compliance with any of the agreements or conditions for the benefit of such Party contained herein. Any agreement on the part of a Party to any such extension or waiver shall be valid only if set forth in an instrument in writing signed on behalf of such Party. Delay in exercising any right under this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of such right. In the event any provision of any of the other Transaction Agreement in any way conflicts with the provisions of this Agreement (except where a provision therein expressly provides that it is intended to take precedence over this Agreement), this Agreement shall control.

 

11.14 No Recourse. Notwithstanding anything that may be expressed or implied in this Agreement, this Agreement may only be enforced against, and any Legal Proceeding for breach of this Agreement may only be made against, the entities that are expressly identified herein as Parties to this Agreement, and no Related Party of a Party shall have any liability for any liabilities or obligations of the Parties for any Legal Proceeding (whether in tort, contract or otherwise) for breach of this Agreement or in respect of any oral representations made or alleged to be made in connection herewith. No Party shall have any right of recovery in respect hereof against any Related Party of a Party and no personal liability shall attach to any Related Party of a Party through such Party, whether by or through attempted piercing of the corporate veil, by the enforcement of any judgment, fine or penalty or by virtue of any Legal Requirement or otherwise. The provisions of this Section 11.14 are intended to be for the benefit of, and enforceable by the Related Parties of the Parties and each such Person shall be a third-party beneficiary of this Section 11.14. This Section 11.14 shall be binding on all successors and assigns of Parties.

 

A-66

 

 

11.15 Legal Representation.

 

(a) Parent hereby agrees on behalf of its directors, members, partners, officers, employees and Affiliates (including after the Closing, the Company), and each of their respective successors and assigns (all such parties, the “Parent Waiving Parties”), that Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP or Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP (or any of their respective successors) may represent the Seller or any of its respective directors, managers, members, partners, officers, employees or Affiliates (other than the Company) (collectively, the “Seller Group”), in each case, in connection with any Legal Proceeding or obligation arising out of or relating to this Agreement, any Transaction Agreement or the Transactions, notwithstanding its representation (or any continued representation) of the Group Companies or other Parent Waiving Parties, and each of Parent and the Company on behalf of itself and the Parent Waiving Parties hereby consents thereto and irrevocably waives (and will not assert) any conflict of interest, breach of duty or any other objection arising therefrom or relating thereto. Parent and the Company acknowledge that the foregoing provision applies whether or not Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP or Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP provide legal services to any Group Companies after the Closing Date. Each of Parent and the Company, for itself and the Parent Waiving Parties, hereby further irrevocably acknowledges and agrees that all privileged communications, written or oral, between any Group Company or any member of the Seller Group and its counsel, including Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP and Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, made in connection with the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance under, or any dispute or Legal Proceeding arising out of or relating to, this Agreement, any Transaction Agreements or the Transactions, or any matter relating to any of the foregoing, do not pass to the Company notwithstanding the Mergers, and instead survive, remain with and are controlled by the Seller Group (the “Privileged Communications”), without any waiver thereof. Parent and the Company, together with any of their respective Affiliates, Subsidiaries, successors or assigns, agree that no Person may use or rely on any of the Privileged Communications, whether located in the records or email server of the Company or otherwise (including in the knowledge or the officers and employees of the Company), in any Legal Proceeding against or involving any of the Parties after the Closing, and Parent and the Company agree not to assert that any privilege has been waived as to the Privileged Communications, whether located in the records or email server of the Company or otherwise (including in the knowledge of the officers and employees of the Company).

 

(b) Seller hereby agrees on behalf of its directors, managers, members, partners, officers, employees and Affiliates, and each of their respective successors and assigns (all such parties, the “Seller Waiving Parties”), that Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (or any successor) may represent Parent or any of its respective directors, members, partners, officers, employees or Affiliates (including following the Closing, the Company), in each case, in connection with any Legal Proceeding or obligation arising out of or relating to this Agreement, any Transaction Agreement or the Transactions, notwithstanding its representation (or any continued representation) of Parent or other Seller Waiving Parties, and each of Parent and the Company on behalf of itself and the Seller Waiving Parties hereby consents thereto and irrevocably waives (and will not assert) any conflict of interest, breach of duty or any other objection arising therefrom or relating thereto. Seller acknowledges that the foregoing provision applies whether or not Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP provides legal services to Parent after the Closing Date.

 

11.16 Disclosure Letters and Exhibits. The Company Disclosure Letter and the Parent Disclosure Letter shall each be arranged in separate parts corresponding to the numbered and lettered sections and subsections contained in this Agreement, and the information disclosed in any numbered or lettered part shall be deemed to relate to and to qualify only the particular representation or warranty set forth in the corresponding numbered or lettered Section or subsection of this Agreement, except to the extent that: (a) such information is cross-referenced in another part of the Company Disclosure Letter or the Parent Disclosure Letter, as applicable; or (b) it is reasonably apparent on the face of the disclosure (without reference to any document referred to therein or any independent knowledge on the part of the reader regarding the matter disclosed) that such information qualifies another representation and warranty of the Company or Parent, as applicable, in this Agreement. Certain information set forth in the Company Disclosure Letter and the Parent Disclosure Letter is or may be included solely for informational purposes, is not an admission of liability with respect to the matters covered by the information, and may not be required to be disclosed pursuant to this Agreement. The specification of any dollar amount in the representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or the inclusion of any specific item in the Company Disclosure Letter or the Parent Disclosure Letter is not intended to imply that such amounts (or higher or lower amounts) are or are not material, and no Party shall use the fact of the setting of such amounts or the fact of the inclusion of any such item in the Company Disclosure Letter or the Parent Disclosure Letter in any dispute or controversy between the Parties as to whether any obligation, item, or matter not described herein or included in the Company Disclosure Letter or the Parent Disclosure Letter is or is not material for purposes of this Agreement.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 

A-67

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the date first written above.

 

  GS ACQUISITION HOLDINGS CORP
   
  By: /s/ David M. Cote
    Name: David M. Cote
    Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
     
 
  CREW MERGER SUB I LLC
   
  By: /s/ Raanan Agus
    Name: Raanan Agus
    Title: President
     
 
  CREW MERGER SUB II LLC
   
  By: /s/ Raanan Agus
    Name: Raanan Agus
    Title: President
     
 
  VERTIV HOLDINGS, LLC
   
  By: /s/ Suneet Agarwal
    Name: Suneet Agarwal
    Title: Vice President and Secretary
     
 
  VPE HOLDINGS, LLC
   
  By: /s/ Suneet Agarwal
    Name: Suneet Agarwal
    Title: Vice President and Secretary

 

[Signature Page to Agreement and Plan of Merger]

 

 

 

 

SCHEDULE A

 

DEFINED TERMS

 

1.1. Defined Terms. Terms defined in this Agreement are organized alphabetically as follows, together with the Section and, where applicable, paragraph, number in which definition of each such term is located:

 

     
2019 EBITDA   Section 2.6(c)
2L Indenture   7.23(a)
2L Notes   7.23(a)
A&R Registration Rights Agreement   Recitals
Additional Parent SEC Reports   5.7(a)
Adjustment Escrow Account   2.9
Adjustment Escrow Amount   2.9
Adjustment Notice of Objection   2.11(b)
Adjustment Per Share Price   Section 1.2
Adjustment Review Period   2.11(b)
Adjustment Statement   2.10(b)
Affiliate   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Aggregate Cash Increase Amount   2.6(c)(ii)
Aggregate Parent Stockholder Redemption Payments Amount   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Agreement   Preamble
Anti-Corruption Laws   4.26
Antitrust Laws   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Applicable Legal Requirements   Recitals
Approvals   4.6
Audited Financial Statements   4.8(a)
Base Value   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Borrowed Indebtedness   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Business Day   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Capital Expenditure Plan   6.1(i)
Cash and Cash Equivalents   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Certificates of Merger   1.4(d)
Certifications   5.7(a)
Change in Recommendation   7.1(b)
Change of Control Offer   7.23(a)
Change of Control Offer Funding Amount   7.23(b)
Closing   1.1
Closing Cash Payment Amount   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Closing Date   1.1
Closing Form 8-K   7.3(c)
Closing Indebtedness Amount   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Closing Number of Securities   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Closing Payments Schedule   2.11(a)(ii)
Closing Press Release   7.3(c)
Closing Securities Payment Amount   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Code   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Communications Plan   7.4(b)
Company   Preamble
Company Affiliate Arrangements   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Company Business Combination   7.10(a)
Company Cash   Schedule A, Section 1.2

 

Sch. 1

 

 

Company Disclosure Letter   Article IV
Company IT Systems   4.19(h)
Company Leased Properties   4.15(b)
Company Material Adverse Effect   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Company Material Contract   4.21(a)
Company Member Approval   Recitals
Company Membership Interests   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Company Real Property Leases   4.15(b)
Company Registered Intellectual Property   4.19(a)
Company Subsidiaries   4.2(a)
Company Transaction Costs   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Confidentiality Agreement   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Contract   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Copyrights   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Current Registration Rights Agreement   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Currently Owned Real Property   4.15(a)
Customs & International Trade Authorizations   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Customs & International Trade Laws   Schedule A, Section 1.2
D&O Indemnified Party   7.12(a)
D&O Tail   7.12(b)
Deleveraging Amount   Schedule A, Section 1.2
DGCL   8.1(a)
DLLCA   Recitals
Effective Time   2.1
Employee Benefit Plan   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Environmental Law   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Environmental Permits   4.17(a)
ERISA Affiliate   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Escrow Agent   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Escrow Agreement   2.9
Estimated Adjustment Statement   2.10(a)(i)
Estimated Closing Indebtedness Amount   2.10(a)
Estimated Company Cash   2.10(a)
Estimated Company Transaction Costs   2.10(a)(i)
Estimated Merger Consideration   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Exchange Act   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Existing Credit Agreement Consents   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Existing Credit Agreements   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Final Closing Indebtedness Amount   2.11(c)
Final Company Cash   2.11(c)
Final Company Transaction Costs   2.11(c)
Final Merger Consideration   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Financial Statements   4.8(a)
First Cash Increase Amount   2.6(c)(i)
First Certificate of Merger   1.4(c)
First Merger   Recitals
First Merger Sub   Preamble
First Surviving LLC   Recitals
Fundamental Representations   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Governing Documents   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Government Contracts   4.7
Governmental Action/Filing   Schedule A, Section 1.2

 

Sch. 2

 

 

     
Governmental Entity   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Group Companies   Schedule A, Section 1.2
GS Sponsor   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Hazardous Substances   Schedule A, Section 1.2
HSR Act   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Inbound License   4.21(a)(xv)
Incentive Equity Plan   7.21
Indebtedness   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Indentures   7.23(a)
Independent Expert   2.11(c)
Insider   4.23
Insurance Policies   4.22
Intellectual Property   Schedule A, Section 1.2
intentional fraud   Schedule A, Section 1.2
JOBS Act   7.17
Knowledge   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Legal Proceeding   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Legal Requirements   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Licensed Intellectual Property   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Lien   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Material Customers   4.21(a)(ii)
Material Suppliers   4.21(a)(ii)
Mergers   Recitals
Notes   7.23(a)
Notes Documentation   7.23(c)
NYSE   5.12
OFAC   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Open Source Software   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Order   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Outside Date   9.1(b)
Owned Intellectual Property   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Owned Real Property   4.15(a)
Parent   Preamble
Parent A&R Bylaws   Recitals
Parent A&R Charter   Recitals
Parent Affiliate Arrangements   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Parent Business Combination   7.10(b)
Parent Bylaws   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Parent Cash   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Parent Charter   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Parent Class A Stock   5.3(a)
Parent Class B Stock   5.3(a)
Parent Disclosure Letter   Article V
Parent Financing Certificate   1.2
Parent Material Adverse Effect   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Parent Material Contracts   5.11
Parent Organizational Documents   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Parent Preferred Stock   5.3(a)
Parent Recommendation   Recitals
Parent Released Parties   7.22(b)
Parent SEC Reports   5.7(a)
Parent Shares   5.3(a)

 

Sch. 3

 

 

Parent Stockholder Matters   7.1(a)(i)
Parent Stockholder Redemption   7.1(a)(i)
Parent Stockholder Redemption Payments   1.4
Parent Transaction Costs   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Parent Units   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Parent Waiving Parties   11.15
Parent Warrants   5.3(a)
Participation Plan   2
Participation Plan Release   2
Parties   Preamble
Party   Preamble
Patents   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Permitted Lien   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Person   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Personal Information   Schedule A, Section 1.2
PIPE Investment   Recitals
PIPE Investment Amount   5.13
PIPE Investors   5.13
Pre-Closing Statement   2.11(a)(ii)
Previously Owned Real Property   4.15(a)
Privacy Laws   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Private Placement Warrants   5.3(a)
Privileged Communications   11.15
Proxy Clearance Date   7.1(a)(i)
Proxy Statement   7.1(a)(i)
Public Warrants   5.3(a)
R&W Insurance Policy   Schedule A, Section 1.2
R&W Insurance Policy Cost   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Reference Date   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Related Parties   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Representatives   7.10(a)
Restricted Cash   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Sanctioned Country   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Sanctioned Person   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Sanctions   Schedule A, Section 1.2
SEC   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Second Cash Increase Amount   2.6(c)(ii)
Second Certificate of Merger   1.4(d)
Second Effective Time   2.1
Second Merger   Recitals
Second Merger Sub   Preamble
Second Surviving LLC   Recitals
Securities Act   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Seller   Preamble
Seller Group   11.15
Seller Interests   3.3
Seller Material Adverse Effect   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Seller R&W Insurance Policy Cost   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Seller Released Parties   7.22(a)
Seller Waiving Parties   11.15
Senior Secured Indenture   7.23(a)
Senior Secured Notes   7.23(a)

 

Sch. 4

 

 

Significant Company Subsidiary   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Software   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Special Meeting   7.1(b)
Stockholders Agreement   Recitals
Subscription Agreements   5.13
Subsidiary   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Target Rollover Indebtedness Amount   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Tax   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Tax Receivable Agreement   Recitals
Tax Return   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Taxes   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Testing Price   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Total Consideration   2.6(a)
TRA Rights   2.6(a)
Trade Secrets   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Trademarks   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Transaction Agreements   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Transactions   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Transfer Taxes   7.14(b)
Treasury Regulations   Schedule A, Section 1.2
Trust Account   5.14(a)
Trust Agreement   5.14(a)
Trust Termination Letter   7.5
Trustee   7.23(a)
U.S. GAAP   4.8(a)
Unaudited Financial Statements   4.8(a)
VGC   7.23(a)
Waived 280G Benefits   7.13
WARN   4.14(c)
Wilmington Trust   5.14(a)

 

1.2. Additional Terms. For purposes of this Agreement, the following capitalized terms have the following meanings:

 

2019 EBITDA” shall mean $540,000,000.

 

Adjustment Per Share Price” shall mean, with respect to adjustments made as of any date, the average of the daily the volume weighted average closing sale price of one share of Parent Class A Stock as reported on the NYSE (or the exchange on which the shares of Parent Class A Stock are then listed) for the 10 trading days immediately before prior to such date.

 

Affiliate” shall mean, as applied to any Person, any other Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with, such Person. For purposes of this definition, “control” (including with correlative meanings, the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as applied to any Person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

 

Aggregate Parent Stockholder Redemption Payments Amount” shall mean the aggregate amount of all payments required to be made by Parent in connection with the Parent Stockholder Redemption.

 

Antitrust Laws” shall mean any Applicable Legal Requirements of any Governmental Entity regarding matters of anti-competition or foreign investment.

 

Sch. 5

 

 

 

Base Value” shall mean an amount equal to $5,095,000,000.

 

Borrowed Indebtedness” shall mean, as of the applicable date of determination, the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Indebtedness of the Group Companies under the Existing Credit Agreements.

 

Bonus Plan Amount” means the aggregate amount payable to certain members of management as determined by Seller, as indicated in each applicable Participation Plan Release, subject to all applicable income and employment tax withholding obligations.

 

Business Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York, New York are authorized or required by Legal Requirements to close.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents” shall mean cash and cash equivalents, including checks, money orders, marketable securities, short-term instruments, negotiable instruments, funds in time and demand deposits or similar accounts on hand, in lock boxes, in financial institutions or elsewhere, together with all accrued but unpaid interest thereon, and all bank, brokerage or other similar accounts; provided that the amount of Cash and Cash Equivalents as of any given time shall be: (a) decreased by any Restricted Cash; (b) increased by any uncleared checks, wire transfers and drafts deposited for the account of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries at such time; and (c) decreased by any issued but uncleared checks, wire transfers and drafts written or issued by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries at such time.

 

Closing Cash Payment Amount” shall mean $415,000,000, as adjusted pursuant to Section 2.6(c)less the Bonus Plan Amount.

 

Closing Indebtedness Amount” shall mean, as of 12:01 a.m., local time in each applicable jurisdiction, on the Closing Date, the aggregate amount of Indebtedness.

 

Closing Number of Securities” shall mean the number of shares of Parent Class A Stock equal to: (a) the Closing Securities Payment Amount; divided by (b) $10.

 

Closing Securities Payment Amount” shall mean an amount equal to: (a) the Estimated Merger Consideration; minus (b) the Closing Cash Payment Amount, as such amount may be adjusted pursuant to Section 2.6(c).

 

Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

Company Affiliate Arrangements” shall mean that certain Corporate Advisory Services Agreement dated November 30, 2016, between Platinum Equity Advisors, LLC, and Vertiv Group Corporation, a Delaware corporation formerly known as Cortes NP Acquisition Corporation.

 

Company Cash” shall mean, as of 12:01 a.m., local time in each applicable jurisdiction, on the Closing Date, an amount equal to all Cash and Cash Equivalents of the Group Companies.

 

Sch. 6

 

 

Company Material Adverse Effect” shall mean any state of facts, development, change, circumstance, occurrence, event or effect, that, individually or in the aggregate: (a) has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, a materially adverse effect on the business, assets, financial condition or results of operations of the Group Companies, taken as a whole; or (b) has prevented or materially delayed or impaired, or is reasonably likely to prevent or materially delay or impair, the ability of the Company to consummate the Transactions; providedhowever, that in no event would any of the following (or the effect of any of the following), alone or in combination, be taken into account in determining whether a Company Material Adverse Effect on or in respect of the Group Companies pursuant to clause (a) has occurred: (i) acts of war, sabotage, civil unrest or terrorism, or any escalation or worsening of any such acts of war, sabotage, civil unrest or terrorism, or changes in global, national, regional, state or local political or social conditions; (ii) earthquakes, hurricanes, tornados, pandemics or other natural or man-made disasters; (iii) changes attributable to the public announcement or pendency of the Transactions (including the impact thereof on relationships with customers, suppliers or employees); (iv) changes or proposed changes in Applicable Legal Requirements, regulations or interpretations thereof or decisions by courts or any Governmental Entity after the date of this Agreement; (v) changes in U.S. GAAP (or any interpretation thereof) after the date of this Agreement; (vi) any downturn in general economic conditions, including changes in the credit, debt, securities or financial markets (including changes in interest or exchange rates); (vii) events or conditions generally affecting the industries and markets in which the Company operates; (viii) any failure to meet any projections, forecasts, guidance, estimates or financial or operating predictions of revenue, earnings, cash flow or cash position, provided that this clause (viii) shall not prevent a determination that the underlying facts and circumstances resulting in such failure has resulted in a Company Material Adverse Effect; or (ix) any actions required to be taken, or required not to be taken, pursuant to the terms of this Agreement; providedhowever, that if any state of facts, developments, changes, circumstances, occurrences, events or effects related to clauses (i), (ii), (iv), (v), (vi) or (vii) above disproportionately and adversely affect the business, assets, financial condition or results of operations of the Group Companies, taken as a whole, relative to similarly situated companies in the industries in which the Group Companies conduct their respective operations, then such impact may be taken into account in determining whether a Company Material Adverse Effect has occurred.

 

Company Membership Interests” shall mean any outstanding limited liability company, membership or economic interests in the Company.

 

Company Transaction Costs” shall mean, to the extent unpaid as of the Closing, (a) all fees, costs and expenses to be borne by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and incurred prior to and through the Closing Date in connection with the negotiation, preparation and execution of this Agreement, the other Transaction Agreements and the consummation of the Transactions including any Company Transaction Costs which are triggered by or become payable as a result of the Closing; (b) all bonuses, change in control payments, severance payments, retirement payments, retention or similar payments or success fees payable by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in connection with or anticipation of the consummation of the Transactions including all amounts payable to employees in exchange for the Participation Plan Releases, and the employer portion of employment, payroll or similar Taxes payable as a result of the foregoing amounts; (c) all transaction, deal, brokerage, financial advisory or any similar fees payable in connection with or anticipation of the consummation of the Transactions, including any consent fees payable in connection with obtaining Existing Credit Agreement Consents; and (d) all costs, fees and expenses related to the D&O Tail.

 

Confidentiality Agreement” shall mean that certain Non-Disclosure Agreement, dated May 10, 2019, by and between Parent and Platinum Equity Advisors, LLC, as amended and joined from time to time.

 

Contract” shall mean any contract, subcontract, agreement, indenture, note, bond, loan or credit agreement, instrument, installment obligation, lease, mortgage, deed of trust, license, sublicense, commitment, power of attorney, guaranty or other legally binding commitment, arrangement, understanding or obligation, whether written or oral, in each case, as amended and supplemented from time to time and including all schedules, annexes and exhibits thereto.

 

Current Registration Rights Agreement” shall mean the Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 7, 2018, by and among Parent, GS Sponsor and the other parties thereto.

 

Customs & International Trade Authorizations” shall mean any and all licenses, license exceptions, notification requirements, registrations and approvals required pursuant to the Customs & International Trade Laws for the lawful export, deemed export, re-export, deemed re-export transfer or import of goods, software, technology, technical data and services.

 

Sch. 7

 

 

Customs & International Trade Laws” shall mean the applicable import, customs and trade, export and anti-boycott laws of any jurisdiction in which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is incorporated or does business, including, but not limited to: (i) the laws, regulations, and programs administered or enforced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the U.S. Department of Commerce (International Trade Administration), the U.S. International Trade Commission, the U.S. Department of Commerce (Bureau of Industry and Security), the U.S. Department of State (Directorate of Defense Trade Controls) and their predecessor agencies; (ii) the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (iii) the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended; (iv) the Export Control Reform Act of 2018; (v) the Export Administration Regulations, including related restrictions with regard to transactions involving Persons on the U.S. Department of Commerce Denied Persons List, Unverified List or Entity List; (vi) the Arms Export Control Act, as amended; (vii) the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, including related restrictions with regard to transactions involving Persons on the Debarred List; (viii) the Foreign Trade Regulations pursuant to 15 C.F.R. Part 30; (ix) the anti-boycott laws and regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce; and (x) the anti-boycott laws and regulations administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

 

Deleveraging Amount” shall mean (a) the Borrowed Indebtedness; minus (b) the Target Rollover Indebtedness Amount, as adjusted pursuant to Section 2.6(c)minus (c) the Change of Control Offer Funding Amount.

 

Employee Benefit Plan” shall mean each “employee benefit plan” (within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA) and each other retirement, supplemental retirement, deferred compensation, employment, bonus, incentive compensation, stock purchase, employee stock ownership, equity-based, phantom-equity, profit-sharing, severance, termination protection, change in control, retention, employee loan, retiree medical or life insurance, educational, employee assistance, fringe benefit and all other employee benefit plan, policy, agreement, program or arrangement, whether or not subject to ERISA, whether formal or informal, oral or written, which any Group Company sponsors or maintains for the benefit of its current or former employees, individuals who provide services and are compensated as individual independent contractors or directors, or with respect to which any Group Company has any direct or indirect present or future liability.

 

Environmental Law” shall mean any federal, state, local or foreign law, regulation, order, decree, permit, authorization, opinion, common law or agency requirement relating to: (a) the protection, investigation or restoration of the environment, health and safety (concerning exposure to Hazardous Substances), or natural resources; (b) the handling, use, presence, disposal, release or threatened release of any Hazardous Substance; or (c) noise, odor, wetlands, pollution, contamination or any injury or threat of injury to persons or property, and shall include, but not be limited to, federal statues known as the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Endangered Species Act, Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, Migratory Bird Treaty Act, National Environmental Policy Act, Occupational Safety and Health Act, Oil Pollution Act of 1990, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, and Toxic Substances Control Act.

 

ERISA Affiliate” shall mean any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) that, together with the Company or any of its subsidiaries is treated as a single employer under Section 414 of the Code.

 

Escrow Agent” shall mean CITIBANK, N.A., or such other escrow agent as is mutually agreed upon by Parent and the Seller.

 

Estimated Merger Consideration” shall mean an amount equal to: (a) the Base Value; plus (b) the Estimated Company Cash; minus (c) the Estimated Closing Indebtedness Amount; minus (d) the Estimated Company Transaction Costs; minus (e) the Seller R&W Insurance Policy Cost.

 

Exchange Act” shall mean the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

Sch. 8

 

 

Existing Credit Agreement Consents” shall mean all necessary consents, amendments or waivers from the requisite lenders and agents under each of the Existing Credit Agreements that are required thereunder in order to permit the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, without causing any breach or default under any of the Existing Credit Agreements or accelerating the payments of principal amounts outstanding thereunder.

 

Existing Credit Agreements” shall mean: (a) that certain Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2016 (as amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time), among Vertiv Group Corporation (formerly named Cortes NP Acquisition Corporation), as borrower, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other persons party thereto; and (b) that certain Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of November 30, 2016 (as amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time), among Vertiv Intermediate Holding II Corporation (formerly named Cortes NP Intermediate Holding II Corporation), Vertiv Group Corporation (formerly named Cortes NP Acquisition Corporation), each of the other borrowers party thereto, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other persons party thereto.

 

Final Merger Consideration” shall mean an amount equal to: (a) the Base Value; plus (b) the Final Company Cash; minus (c) the Final Closing Indebtedness Amount; minus (d) the Final Company Transaction Costs; minus (e) the Seller R&W Insurance Policy Cost.

 

Fundamental Representations” shall mean: (a) in the case of the Seller, the representations and warranties contained in Section 3.1(a) (Organization and Qualification); Section 3.2 (Authority Relative to this Agreement); and Section 3.3 (Ownership); (b) in the case of the Company, the representations and warranties contained in the first sentence of Section 4.1 (Organization and Qualification); Section 4.3 (Capitalization of the Company); Section 4.4 (Authority Relative to this Agreement); and Section 4.18 (Brokers; Third Party Expenses); and (c) in the case of Parent, the representations and warranties contained in Section 5.1(a) (Organization and Qualification); Section 5.2 (Parent Subsidiaries); Section 5.3 (Capitalization); Section 5.4 (Authority Relative to this Agreement); Section 5.10 (Business Activities); and Section 5.21 (Brokers).

 

Governing Documents” shall mean the legal document(s) by which any Person (other than an individual) establishes its legal existence or which govern its internal affairs. For example, the “Governing Documents” of a corporation are its certificate of incorporation and bylaws, the “Governing Documents” of a limited partnership are its limited partnership agreement and certificate of limited partnership and the “Governing Documents” of a limited liability company are its limited liability company operating agreement and certificate of formation.

 

Governmental Action/Filing” shall mean any franchise, license, certificate of compliance, authorization, consent, order, permit, approval, consent or other action of, or any filing, registration or qualification with, any federal, state, municipal, foreign or other governmental, administrative or judicial body, agency or authority.

 

Governmental Entity” shall mean: (a) any federal, provincial, state, local, municipal, national or international court, governmental commission, government or governmental authority, department, regulatory or administrative agency, board, bureau, agency or instrumentality, tribunal, arbitrator or arbitral body (public or private), or similar body; (b) any self-regulatory organization; or (c) any political subdivision of any of the foregoing.

 

Group Companies” shall mean the Company and all of its direct and indirect Subsidiaries.

 

GS Sponsor” shall mean GS DC Sponsor I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

 

Hazardous Substances” shall mean any pollutant or contaminant or any toxic, radioactive, ignitable, corrosive, reactive or otherwise hazardous substance, waste or material, including petroleum, its derivatives, by-products and other hydrocarbons, and any other substance, waste or material regulated as a pollutant or otherwise as “hazardous” under any Applicable Legal Requirements pertaining to the environment.

 

Sch. 9

 

 

HSR Act” shall mean the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

Indebtedness” shall mean all of the following: (a) any indebtedness for borrowed money including the Borrowed Indebtedness and any premiums, fees and expenses related to the paydown of any Borrowed Indebtedness immediately following the Closing pursuant to Section 7.20; (b) any obligations evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments; (c) any obligations to pay the deferred purchase price of property, stock or services including any earn-out payments; (d) any obligations as lessee under capitalized leases; (e) any obligations, contingent or otherwise, under acceptance, letters of credit or similar facilities to the extent drawn; (f) any guaranty of any of the foregoing; (g) any accrued interest, fees and charges in respect of any of the foregoing; and (h) any prepayment premiums and penalties actually due and payable, and any other fees, expenses, indemnities and other amounts actually payable as a result of the prepayment or discharge of any of the foregoing.

 

Intellectual Property” shall mean all rights, title and interest in or relating to intellectual property throughout the world, whether protected, created or arising under the laws of the United States or any other jurisdiction, including: (a) all patents and patent applications, provisional patent applications and similar filings and any and all substitutions, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, divisions, reissues, renewals, extensions, reexaminations, patents of addition, supplementary protection certificates, utility models, inventors’ certificates, or the like and any foreign equivalents of the foregoing (including certificates of invention and any applications therefor) (collectively, “Patents”); (b) all copyrights and copyrightable subject matter, whether registered or unregistered, including any of the foregoing that protect original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, including literary works (including all forms and types of computer Software), pictorial and graphic works (collectively, “Copyrights”); (c) all trademarks, service marks, trade names, business marks, service names, brand names, trade dress rights, logos, corporate names, trade styles, and other source or business identifiers and general intangibles of a like nature, together with the goodwill associated with any of the foregoing, along with all applications, registrations, renewals and extensions thereof (collectively, “Trademarks”); (d) all Internet domain names and social media accounts; (e) trade secrets, technology, discoveries and improvements, know-how, proprietary rights, formulae, confidential and proprietary information, technical information, techniques, inventions (including conceptions and/or reductions to practice), designs, drawings, procedures, processes, models, formulations, manuals and systems, whether or not patentable or copyrightable (collectively “Trade Secrets”); (f) all applications and registrations, and any renewals, extensions and reversions, of the foregoing; and (g) all other intellectual property rights, proprietary rights, or confidential information and materials.

 

intentional fraud” means fraud in the making of a representation or warranty contained in Article III, Article IV or Article V of this Agreement or any “bringdown” or other confirmation with respect to any such representation or warranty, and requires that: (i) a party to this Agreement made a false representation of material fact with respect to a representation or warranty being made by such party; (ii) such party had actual knowledge that such representation was false when made and acted with scienter; (iii) the false representation caused the party to whom it was made, in justifiable reliance upon such false representation and with ignorance as to the falsity of such representation, to take or refrain from taking action; and (iv) the party to whom the false representation was made suffered damage by reason of such reliance. The phrase “intentional fraud” expressly excludes legal theories such as equitable fraud, promissory fraud, unfair dealings fraud, negligent or reckless misrepresentation, and other fraud-based claims.

 

Investing Managers” means those individuals listed on Schedule 1.2 of the Parent’s Disclosure Letter.

 

Knowledge” shall mean the actual knowledge or awareness as to a specified fact or event, following reasonable inquiry, of: (a) with respect to the Seller and the Company, the individuals listed on Schedule 1.3 of the Company Disclosure Letter; and (b) with respect to Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub, the individuals listed on Schedule 1.3 of the Parent Disclosure Letter.

 

Sch. 10

 

 

Legal Proceeding” shall mean any action, suit, hearing, claim, charge, audit, lawsuit, litigation, investigation (formal or informal), inquiry, arbitration or proceeding (in each case, whether civil, criminal or administrative or at law or in equity) by or before a Governmental Entity.

 

Legal Requirements” shall mean any federal, state, local, municipal, foreign or other law, statute, constitution, treaty, principle of common law, resolution, ordinance, code, edict, decree, rule, regulation, ruling, injunction, judgment, order, assessment, writ or other legal requirement, administrative policy or guidance, or requirement issued, enacted, adopted, promulgated, implemented or otherwise put into effect by or under the authority of any Governmental Entity.

 

Licensed Intellectual Property” shall mean all Intellectual Property licensed to any of the Group Companies.

 

Lien” shall mean any mortgage, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, lien, license, grant, restriction or charge of any kind (including, any conditional sale or other title retention agreement or lease in the nature thereof, any agreement to give any security interest and any restriction relating to use, quiet enjoyment, voting, transfer, receipt of income or exercise of any other attribute of ownership).

 

Management Investment Amount” means the aggregate amount the Investing Managers have agreed to invest in Parent pursuant to the Subscription Agreements entered into by each of them and Parent.

 

OFAC” shall mean the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

 

Open Source Software” shall mean any Software that is distributed (a) as “free software” (as defined by the Free Software Foundation); (b) as “open source software” or pursuant to any license identified as an “open source license” by the Open Source Initiative (www.opensource.org/licenses) or other license that substantially conforms to the Open Source Definition (opensource.org/osd); or (c) under a license that requires disclosure of source code or requires derivative works based on such Software to be made publicly available under the same license.

 

Order” shall mean any award, injunction, judgment, regulatory or supervisory mandate, order, writ, decree or ruling entered, issued, made, or rendered by any Governmental Entity that possesses competent jurisdiction.

 

Owned Intellectual Property” shall mean all Intellectual Property owned or purported to be owned by any of the Group Companies.

 

Parent Affiliate Arrangements” shall mean those arrangements set forth on Schedule 1.4 of the Parent Disclosure Letter.

 

Parent Cash” shall mean an amount equal to (a) the aggregate amount of cash contained in the Trust Account immediately prior to the Closing less the Aggregate Parent Stockholder Redemption Payments Amount; plus (b) the proceeds paid to Parent upon consummation of the PIPE Investment, as adjusted pursuant to Section 2.6(c).

 

Parent Material Adverse Effect” shall mean any state of facts, development, change, circumstance, occurrence, event or effect that does, or would reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, prevent or materially delay or impair the ability of Parent, First Merger Sub or Second Merger Sub to perform their respective obligations under this Agreement or to consummate the Mergers.

 

Parent Organizational Documents” shall mean the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Parent, dated as of June 7, 2018 (the “Parent Charter”), and the Bylaws of Parent (the “Parent Bylaws”) and any other similar organization documents of Parent, as each may be amended, modified or supplemented.

 

Sch. 11

 

  

Parent Transaction Costs” shall mean all (a) fees, costs and expenses of Parent incurred prior to and through the Closing Date in connection with the negotiation, preparation and execution of this Agreement, the other Transaction Agreements and the consummation of the Transactions, whether paid or unpaid prior to the Closing, including the R&W Insurance Policy Cost in excess of such amounts to be paid by Seller pursuant to this Agreement; and (b) any Indebtedness of Parent or its Subsidiaries owed to its Affiliates or stockholders.

 

Parent Units” shall mean equity securities of Parent each consisting of one share of Parent Class A Stock and one-third of one Public Warrant.

 

Permitted Lien” shall mean (a) Liens for current period Taxes not yet delinquent or for Taxes that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and in each case that are sufficiently reserved for on the Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP; (b) statutory and contractual Liens of landlords with respect to leased real property; (c) Liens of carriers, warehousemen, mechanics, materialmen and repairmen incurred in the ordinary course and: (i) not yet delinquent; or (ii) that are being contested in good faith through appropriate proceedings; (d) in the case of leased real property, zoning, building, or other restrictions, variances, covenants, rights of way, encumbrances, easements and other irregularities in title, to the extent they do not, individually or in the aggregate, interfere in any material respect with the present use of or occupancy of the affected parcel by any of the Group Companies; (e) Liens securing the Indebtedness of any of the Group Companies; (f) in the case of Intellectual Property, third party non-exclusive license agreements entered into in the ordinary course; (g) purchase money Liens and Liens securing rental payments in connection with capital lease obligations of any of the Group Companies; and (h) all exceptions, restrictions, easements, imperfections of title, charges, rights-of-way and other Liens of record that do not materially interfere with the present use of the assets of the Group Companies and the rights under the Company Real Property Leases, taken as a whole and do not result in a material liability to the Group Companies.

 

Person” shall mean any individual, corporation (including any non-profit corporation), general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, joint venture, estate, trust, company (including any limited liability company or joint stock company), firm or other enterprise, association, organization, entity or Governmental Entity.

 

Personal Information” shall mean, in addition to any definition for such term or for any similar term (e.g., “personally identifiable information” or “PII”) provided by Applicable Legal Requirement, or by the Group Companies in any of its privacy policies, notices or Contracts, all information that identifies, could be used to identify or is otherwise associated with an individual person or device, whether or not such information is associated with an identifiable individual. Personal Information may relate to any individual, including a current, prospective, or former customer, end user or employee of any Person, and includes information in any form or media, whether paper, electronic, or otherwise.

 

Privacy Laws” shall mean any and all Applicable Legal Requirements, legal requirements and self-regulatory guidelines (including of any applicable foreign jurisdiction) relating to the receipt, collection, compilation, use, storage, processing, sharing, safeguarding, security (both technical and physical), disposal, destruction, disclosure or transfer (including cross-border) of Personal Information, including the Federal Trade Commission Act, EU-U.S. Privacy Shield, Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield, General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation 2016/679/EU on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (GDPR) and any and all Applicable Legal Requirements relating to breach notification in connection with Personal Information.

 

R&W Insurance Policy” shall mean any buyer-side representations and warranties insurance policy with respect to the representations and warranties of the Company, in the name of and for the benefit of Parent.

 

R&W Insurance Policy Cost” means the aggregate expenses, including premium, underwriting fees, surplus lines taxes and insurance broker compensation, incurred in connection with the binding and issuance of any R&W Insurance Policy in connection with the entering into of this Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions.

 

Sch. 12

 

 

Reference Date” shall mean December 1, 2016.

 

Related Parties” shall mean, with respect to a Person, such Person’s former, current and future direct or indirect equityholders, controlling Persons, shareholders, optionholders, members, general or limited partners, Affiliates, Representatives, and each of their respective successors and assigns.

 

Required Financial Information” shall mean the audited consolidated balance sheets of the Group Companies as of December 31, 2019, and the audited consolidated statements of earnings (loss), comprehensive income (loss), equity and cash flows of the Group Companies for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, together with the auditor’s report thereon and the related pro forma financial information, that would be required if Parent were filing (x) a general form for registration of securities under Form 10 following the consummation of the Transactions and (y) a registration statement on Form S-3 for the resale of the securities issued in the PIPE Investment following the consummation of the Transactions.

 

Restricted Cash” shall mean any cash or cash equivalents classified as restricted cash in accordance with U.S. GAAP, consistent with the Company’s past practice, including: (i) cash deposited as collateral (ii) cash held in trust or in escrow for the benefit of third parties; and (iii) deposits for rent.

 

Sanctioned Country” shall mean, at any time, a country or territory which is itself the subject or target of comprehensive Sanctions (at the time of this Agreement, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria).

 

Sanctioned Person” shall mean any Person that is the subject or target of Sanctions, including (i) any Person listed in any Sanctions-related list maintained by OFAC or the U.S. Department of State, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury of the United Kingdom, Switzerland or any European Union member state; (ii) any Person located, organized, resident in or national of a Sanctioned Country; or (iii) any Person fifty percent (50%) or more owned, directly or indirectly, or otherwise controlled by or acting on behalf of any such Person or Persons described in the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii).

 

Sanctions” shall mean economic or financial sanctions or trade embargoes imposed, administered or enforced from time to time by the U.S. government through OFAC or the U.S. Department of State, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union or any European Union member state, Her Majesty’s Treasury of the United Kingdom or Switzerland.

 

SEC” shall mean the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Securities Act” shall mean the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

Seller Material Adverse Effect” shall mean any state of facts, development, change, circumstance, occurrence, event or effect that does, or would reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, prevent or materially delay or impair the ability of the Seller to perform their obligations under this Agreement or to consummate the Mergers.

 

Seller R&W Insurance Policy Cost” means the lesser of (a) an amount equal to fifty percent (50%) of the R&W Insurance Policy Cost; and (b) $2,500,000.

 

Significant Company Subsidiary” shall mean each Company Subsidiary other than those whom, when considered in the aggregate as a single subsidiary, would not constitute a “significant subsidiary” as such term is defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X.

 

Sch. 13

 

 

Software” shall mean any and all computer programs (whether in source code, object code, human readable form or other form), algorithms, user interfaces, firmware, development tools, templates and menus, and all documentation, including user manuals and training materials, related to any of the foregoing.

 

Subsidiary” shall mean, with respect to any Person, any partnership, limited liability company, corporation or other business entity of which: (a) if a corporation, a majority of the total voting power of shares of capital stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers, or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by that Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person or a combination thereof; (b) if a partnership, limited liability company or other business entity, a majority of the partnership or other similar ownership interests thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by that Person or one or more Subsidiaries of that Person or a combination thereof; or (c) in any case, such Person controls the management thereof.

 

Target Rollover Indebtedness Amount” shall mean an aggregate principal amount of Indebtedness outstanding under the Term Loan Credit Agreement included in the Existing Credit Agreements equal to $606,000,000, as adjusted pursuant to Section 2.6(c).

 

Tax” or “Taxes” shall mean: (a) any and all federal, state, local and foreign taxes, including, without limitation, gross receipts, income, profits, license, sales, use, estimated, occupation, value added, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, withholding, payroll, recapture, net worth, employment, escheat and unclaimed property obligations, excise and property taxes, assessments, stamp, environmental, registration, governmental charges, duties, levies and other similar charges, in each case, imposed by a Governmental Entity, (whether disputed or not) together with all interest, penalties and additions imposed by a Governmental Entity with respect to any such amounts; and (b) any liability in respect of any items described in clause (a) payable by reason of Contract transferee liability, operation of law or Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6(a) (or any predecessor or successor thereof of any analogous or similar provision under law) or otherwise.

 

Tax Return” shall mean any return, declaration, report, claim for refund, or information return or statement relating to Taxes that is filed or required to be filed with a Governmental Entity, including any schedule or attachment thereto and any amendment thereof.

 

Testing Price” shall mean with respect to shares of Parent Class A Stock that are required to be issued: (a) as of the Closing Date, the lesser of the average of the high and low trading price of such stock as reported on the NYSE (or the exchange on which the shares of Parent Class A Stock are then listed) on the date immediately preceding the date of this Agreement and the date immediately preceding the Closing Date (or $10 if lower); and (b) after the Closing Date, the average of the high and low trading price of such stock as reported on the NYSE (or the exchange on which the shares of Parent Class A Stock are then listed) on the date immediately preceding the date of the issuance of such stock.

 

Transaction Agreements” shall mean this Agreement, the A&R Registration Rights Agreement, the Subscription Agreements, the Confidentiality Agreement, the Parent A&R Charter, the Parent A&R Bylaws, the Tax Receivable Agreement, the Stockholders Agreement, the Escrow Agreement and all the agreements documents, instruments and certificates entered into in connection herewith or therewith and any and all exhibits and schedules thereto.

 

Transactions” shall mean the transactions contemplated pursuant to this Agreement, including the Mergers.

 

Treasury Regulations” means the regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department of the Treasury pursuant to and in respect of provisions of the Code.

 

Sch. 14

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 4.3

 

GS ACQUISITION HOLDINGS CORP,

 

COMPUTERSHARE INC.

 

and

 

COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A.

 

WARRANT AGREEMENT

 

Dated as of June 7, 2018

 

THIS WARRANT AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of June 7, 2018, is by and between GS Acquisition Holdings Corp, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), Computershare Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiary Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust company (collectively, the “Warrant Agent”).

 

WHEREAS, on June 7, 2018, the Company granted a right (the “Rights”) to each holder of a share of its Class B Common Stock (as defined below) as of the record date to subscribe to purchase up to 0.6143676290463690 warrants per share, at a purchase price of $1.50 per warrant, bearing the legend set forth in Exhibit B hereto (the “Sponsor Warrants”) for an aggregate of up to 10,597,841 Sponsor Warrants;

 

WHEREAS, on June 7, 2018, GS DC Sponsor I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”), exercised its Rights (all other Rights have since expired) and entered into that certain Warrant Subscription Agreement with the Company, pursuant to which the Sponsor subscribed to purchase up to 10,533,333 Sponsor Warrants on the date(s) and in the amount(s) specified by the Company in one or more sale notices;

 

WHEREAS, the Company is engaged in an initial public offering (the “Offering”) of units of the Company’s equity securities, each such unit comprised of one share of Common Stock (as defined below) and one-third of one redeemable Public Warrant (as defined below) (the “Units”) and, in connection therewith, has determined to issue and deliver up to 23,000,000 warrants (including up to 3,000,000 warrants subject to the Over-allotment Option (as defined below)) to public investors in the Offering (the “Public Warrants” and, together with the Sponsor Warrants, the “Warrants”). Each whole Warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of Class A common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), for $11.50 per whole share, subject to adjustment as described herein. Only whole warrants are exercisable. A holder of the Public Warrants will not be able to exercise any fraction of a Warrant;

 

WHEREAS, the Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a registration statement on Form S-1, No. 333-225035 and prospectus (the “Prospectus”), for the registration, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), of the Units, the Public Warrants and the shares of Common Stock included in the Units;

 

WHEREAS, the Company desires the Warrant Agent to act on behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing to so act, in connection with the issuance, registration, transfer, exchange, redemption and exercise of the Warrants;

 

 

 

 

WHEREAS, the Company desires to provide for the form and provisions of the Warrants, the terms upon which they shall be issued and exercised, and the respective rights, limitation of rights, and immunities of the Company, the Warrant Agent, and the holders of the Warrants; and

 

WHEREAS, all acts and things have been done and performed which are necessary to make the Warrants, when executed on behalf of the Company and countersigned by or on behalf of the Warrant Agent, as provided herein, the valid, binding and legal obligations of the Company, and to authorize the execution and delivery of this Agreement.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

1. Appointment of Warrant Agent. The Company hereby appoints the Warrant Agent to act as agent for the Company for the Warrants, and the Warrant Agent hereby accepts such appointment and agrees to perform the same in accordance with the express terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.

 

2. Warrants.

 

2.1 Form of Warrant. Each Warrant shall initially be issued in registered form only.

 

2.2 Effect of Countersignature. If a physical certificate is issued, unless and until countersigned by the Warrant Agent, either by manual or facsimile signature, pursuant to this Agreement, a Warrant shall be invalid and of no effect and may not be exercised by the holder thereof.

 

2.3 Registration.

 

  2.3.1 Warrant Register. The Warrant Agent shall maintain books (the “Warrant Register”), for the registration of original issuance and the registration of transfer of the Warrants. Upon the initial issuance of the Warrants in book-entry form, the Warrant Agent shall issue and register the Warrants in the names of the respective holders thereof in such denominations and otherwise in accordance with instructions delivered to the Warrant Agent by the Company. Ownership of beneficial interests in the Public Warrants shall be shown on, and the transfer of such ownership shall be effected through, records maintained by institutions that have accounts with The Depository Trust Company (the “Depositary”) (such institution, with respect to a Warrant in its account, a “Participant”).

 

If the Depositary subsequently ceases to make its book-entry settlement system available for the Public Warrants, the Company may instruct the Warrant Agent regarding making other arrangements for book-entry settlement. In the event that the Public Warrants are not eligible for, or it is no longer necessary to have the Public Warrants available in, book-entry form, the Warrant Agent shall provide written instructions to the Depositary to deliver to the Warrant Agent for cancellation each book-entry Public Warrant, and the Company shall instruct the Warrant Agent to deliver to the Depositary definitive certificates in physical form evidencing such Warrants which shall be in the form annexed hereto as Exhibit A.

 

The certificates, if issued, shall be signed by, or bear the facsimile signature of, the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary of the Company. In the event the person whose facsimile signature has been placed upon any Warrant shall have ceased to serve in the capacity in which such person signed the Warrant before such Warrant is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if he or she had not ceased to be such at the date of issuance.

 

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  2.3.2 Registered Holder. Prior to due presentment for registration of transfer of any Warrant, the Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the person in whose name such Warrant is registered in the Warrant Register (the “Registered Holder”) as the absolute owner of such Warrant and of each Warrant represented thereby (notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing on any physical certificate made by anyone other than the Company or the Warrant Agent), for the purpose of any exercise thereof, and for all other purposes, and neither the Company nor the Warrant Agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.

 

2.4 Detachability of Warrants. The shares of Common Stock and Public Warrants comprising the Units shall begin separate trading on the 52nd day following the date of the Prospectus or, if such 52nd day is not on a day, other than a Saturday, Sunday or federal holiday, on which banks in New York City are generally open for normal business (a “Business Day”), then on the immediately succeeding Business Day following such date, or earlier (the “Detachment Date”) with the consent of Goldman, Sachs & Co., but in no event shall the shares of Common Stock and the Public Warrants comprising the Units be separately traded until (A) the Company has filed a current report on Form 8-K with the Commission containing an audited balance sheet reflecting the receipt by the Company of the gross proceeds of the Offering, including the proceeds received by the Company from the exercise by the underwriters of their right to purchase additional Units in the Offering (the “Over-allotment Option”), if the Over-allotment Option is exercised prior to the filing of the Form 8-K, and (B) the Company issues a press release and files with the Commission a Current Report on Form 8-K announcing when such separate trading shall begin.

 

2.5 Fractional Warrants. The Company shall not issue fractional Warrants other than as part of the Units, each of which is comprised of one share of Common Stock and one-third of one redeemable Public Warrant. If, upon the detachment of Public Warrants from the Units or otherwise, a holder of Warrants would be entitled to receive a fractional Warrant, the Company shall round down to the nearest whole number the number of Warrants to be issued to such holder.

 

2.6 Sponsor Warrants. The Sponsor Warrants shall be identical to the Public Warrants, except that so long as they are held by the Sponsor or any of its Permitted Transferees (as defined below) the Sponsor Warrants: (i) may be exercised on a cashless basis, pursuant to subsection 3.3.1(c) hereof, (ii) may not be transferred, assigned or sold until thirty (30) days after the completion by the Company of an initial Business Combination (as defined below), and (iii) shall not be redeemable by the Company; providedhowever, that in the case of (ii), the Sponsor Warrants and any shares of Common Stock issued upon exercise of the Sponsor Warrants may be transferred by the holders thereof:

 

  (a) to the Company’s officers or directors, any affiliates or family members of any of the Company’s officers or directors, any members of the Sponsor, or any affiliates of the Sponsor;

 

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  (b) in the case of an individual, by gift to a member of the individual’s immediate family or to a trust, the beneficiary of which is a member of the individual’s immediate family or an affiliate of such person, or to a charitable organization;

 

  (c) in the case of an individual, by virtue of laws of descent and distribution upon death of the individual;

 

  (d) in the case of an individual, pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order;

 

  (e) by private sales or transfers made in connection with the consummation of the Company’s Business Combination at prices no greater than the price at which the securities were originally purchased;

 

  (f) in the event of the Company’s liquidation prior to the Company’s completion of an initial Business Combination;

 

  (g) by virtue of the laws of Delaware or the Sponsor’s limited liability company agreement, as amended, upon dissolution of the Sponsor; and

 

  (h) in the event of the Company’s completion of a liquidation, merger, stock exchange or other similar transaction which results in all of the Company’s stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Common Stock for cash, securities or other property subsequent to the completion of the initial Business Combination; provided, however, that in the case of clauses (a) through (e) these permitted transferees (the “Permitted Transferees”) must enter into a written agreement agreeing to be bound by these transfer restrictions and the other restrictions contained in the letter agreement.

 

2.7 Opinion of Counsel. The Company shall provide an opinion of counsel that the Warrant Agent may rely upon prior to the issuance of the Warrants to set up a reserve of the Warrants and the related Common Shares in form and substance reasonably agreeable to the Warrant Agent in accordance with its procedures.

 

3. Terms and Exercise of Warrants.

 

3.1 Warrant Price. Each Warrant shall entitle the Registered Holder thereof, subject to the provisions of such Warrant and of this Agreement, to purchase from the Company the number of shares of Common Stock stated therein, at the price of $11.50 per whole share, subject to the adjustments provided in Section 4 hereof and in the second to last sentence of this Section 3.1. The term “Warrant Price” as used in this Agreement shall mean the price per share described in the prior sentence at which shares of Common Stock may be purchased at the time a Warrant is exercised. The Company in its sole discretion may lower the Warrant Price at any time prior to the Expiration Date (as defined below) for a period of not less than twenty (20) Business Days, provided, that the Company shall provide at least twenty (20) days prior written notice of such reduction to Registered Holders of the Warrants and, provided further that any such reduction shall be identical among all of the Warrants. The Company shall promptly notify the Warrant Agent of any Warrant Price reduction.

 

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3.2 Duration of Warrants. A Warrant may be exercised only during the period (the “Exercise Period”) (A) commencing on the later of: (i) the date that is thirty (30) days after the first date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, stock exchange, reorganization or similar transaction, involving the Company and one or more businesses (a “Business Combination”), and (ii) the date that is twelve (12) months from the date of the closing of the Offering, and (B) terminating at 5:00 p.m., New York City time on the earlier to occur of: (w) the date that is five (5) years after the date on which the Company completes its initial Business Combination, (x) the liquidation of the Company in accordance with the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended from time to time, if the Company fails to consummate a Business Combination, and (y) other than with respect to the Sponsor Warrants, the Redemption Date (as defined below) as provided in Section 6.3 hereof or (z) the Alternative Redemption Date (as defined below) (the “Expiration Date”); providedhowever, that the exercise of any Warrant shall be subject to the satisfaction of any applicable conditions, as set forth in subsection 3.3.2 below, with respect to an effective registration statement. Except with respect to the right to receive the Redemption Price (as defined below) or the Alternative Redemption Price (as defined below) (other than with respect to a Sponsor Warrant) in the event of a redemption (as set forth in Section 6 hereof), each Warrant (other than a Sponsor Warrant in the event of a redemption) not exercised on or before the Expiration Date shall become null and void, and all rights thereunder and all rights in respect thereof under this Agreement shall cease at 5:00 p.m. New York City time on the Expiration Date. The Company in its sole discretion may extend the duration of the Warrants by delaying the Expiration Date; provided, that the Company shall provide at least twenty (20) days prior written notice of any such extension to Registered Holders of the Warrants, and the Warrant Agent, and, provided further that any such extension shall be identical in duration among all the Warrants. The Warrant Agent will not be deemed to have any knowledge of an Expiration Date as set forth herein unless and until it has received written notice of such expiration date from the Company.

 

3.3 Exercise of Warrants.

 

  3.3.1 Payment. Subject to the provisions of the Warrant and this Agreement, a Warrant, may be exercised by the Registered Holder thereof by surrendering it, at the office(s) of the Warrant Agent, or at the office of its successor as Warrant Agent, together with (i) an election to purchase form, duly executed, electing to exercise such Warrant; (ii) payment in full of the Warrant Price for each full share of Common Stock as to which the Warrant is exercised and any and all applicable taxes due in connection with the exercise of the Warrant, the exchange of the Warrant for the shares of Common Stock and the issuance of such shares of Common Stock, and (iii) any other such information or documentation that the Warrant Agent may reasonably require, as follows:

 

  (a) in lawful money of the United States, in good certified check or good bank draft payable to the order of the Warrant Agent;

 

  (b) in the event of a redemption pursuant to Section 6 hereof in which the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) has elected to require all holders of the Warrants to exercise such Warrants on a “cashless basis,” by surrendering the Warrants for that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrants, multiplied by the difference between the Warrant Price and the “Fair Market Value”, as defined in this subsection 3.3.1(b), by (y) the Fair Market Value. Solely for purposes of this subsection 3.3.1(b)Section 6.2 and Section 6.4, the “Fair Market Value” shall mean the average last reported sale price of the Common Stock for the ten (10) trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of the Warrants, pursuant to Section 6 hereof;

 

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  (c) with respect to any Sponsor Warrant, so long as such Sponsor Warrant is held by the Sponsor or a Permitted Transferee, by surrendering the Warrants for that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrants, multiplied by the difference between the Warrant Price and the “Fair Market Value”, as defined in this subsection 3.3.1(c), by (y) the Fair Market Value. Solely for purposes of this subsection 3.3.1(c), the “Fair Market Value” shall mean the average last reported sale price of the Common Stock for the ten (10) trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which notice of exercise of the Warrant is sent to the Warrant Agent; or

 

  (d) as provided in Section 7.4 hereof.

 

The Warrant Agent shall forward funds received for warrant exercises in a given month by the 5th business day of the following month by wire transfer to an account designated by the Company.

 

  3.3.2 Issuance of Shares of Common Stock on Exercise. As soon as practicable after the exercise of any Warrant and the clearance of the funds in payment of the Warrant Price (if payment is pursuant to subsection 3.3.1(a)), the Company shall issue to the Registered Holder of such Warrant a book-entry position or certificate, as applicable, for the number of full shares of Common Stock to which he, she or it is entitled, registered in such name or names as may be directed by him, her or it, and if such Warrant shall not have been exercised in full, a new book-entry position or countersigned Warrant, as applicable, for the number of shares of Common Stock as to which such Warrant shall not have been exercised. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not be obligated to deliver any shares of Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of a Warrant and shall have no obligation to settle such Warrant exercise unless a (a) registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of Common Stock underlying the Public Warrants is then effective and (b) a prospectus relating thereto is current, subject to the Company’s satisfying its obligations under Section 7.4. Unless otherwise advised in writing by the Company, the Warrant Agent shall be entitled to assume that clause (a) and (b) are in effect and shall incur no liability in making such assumption. No Warrant shall be exercisable and the Company shall not be obligated to issue shares of Common Stock upon exercise of a Warrant unless the shares of Common Stock issuable upon such Warrant exercise have been registered, qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the Registered Holder of the Warrants. In the event that the conditions in the two immediately preceding sentences are not satisfied with respect to a Warrant, the holder of such Warrant shall not be entitled to exercise such Warrant and such Warrant may have no value and expire worthless, in which case the purchaser of a Unit containing such Public Warrants shall have paid the full purchase price for the Unit solely for the shares of Common Stock underlying such Unit. Subject to Section 4.6 of this Agreement, a Registered Holder of Public Warrants may exercise its Public Warrants only for a whole number of shares of Common Stock. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the Warrant exercise. The Company may require holders of Public Warrants to settle the Warrant on a “cashless basis” pursuant to Section 7.4. If, by reason of any exercise of Warrants on a “cashless basis,” the holder of any Warrant would be entitled, upon the exercise of such Warrant, to receive a fractional interest in a share of Common Stock, the Company shall round down to the nearest whole number, the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to such holder. Unless otherwise advised in writing by the Company, the Warrant Agent shall be entitled to assume that the warrants will not be exercisable on a “cashless basis” pursuant to Section 7.4.

 

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  3.3.3 Valid Issuance. All shares of Common Stock issued upon the proper exercise of a Warrant in conformity with this Agreement shall be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

 

  3.3.4 Date of Issuance. Each person in whose name any certificate for shares of Common Stock is issued shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of record of such shares of Common Stock on the date on which the Warrant was surrendered and payment of the Warrant Price was made, irrespective of the date of delivery of such certificate, except that, if the date of such surrender and payment is a date when the share transfer books of the Company are closed, such person shall be deemed to have become the holder of such shares at the close of business on the next succeeding date on which the share transfer books are open.

 

  3.3.5 Maximum Percentage. A holder of a Warrant may notify the Company in writing in the event it elects to be subject to the provisions contained in this subsection 3.3.5however, no holder of a Warrant shall be subject to this subsection 3.3.5 unless he, she or it makes such election. If the election is made by a holder, the Warrant Agent, upon written instruction from the Company, shall not effect the exercise of the holder’s Warrant, and the Warrant Agent, upon written instruction from the Company, shall not provide the holder with the right to exercise such Warrant, to the extent that after giving effect to such exercise, such person (together with such person’s affiliates), would beneficially own in excess of 9.8% or such other amount as the holder may specify (the “Maximum Percentage”) of the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by such person and its affiliates shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrant with respect to which the determination of such sentence is being made, but shall exclude shares of Common Stock that would be issuable upon (x) exercise of the remaining, unexercised portion of the Warrant beneficially owned by such person and its affiliates and (y) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company beneficially owned by such person and its affiliates (including, without limitation, any convertible notes or convertible preferred stock or warrants) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this paragraph, beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). For any reason at any time, upon the written request of the holder of the Warrant or the Warrant Agent, the Company shall, within two (2) Business Days after, but not including, confirm orally and in writing to such holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of equity securities of the Company by the holder and its affiliates since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. By written notice to the Company, the holder of a Warrant may from time to time increase or decrease the Maximum Percentage applicable to such holder to any other percentage specified in such notice; providedhowever, that any such increase shall not be effective until the sixty-first (61st) day after such notice is delivered to the Company, with prompt notice thereafter to the Warrant Agent.

 

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  3.3.6 Cost Basis Information. The Warrant Agent shall not have any obligation to provide, and shall not be responsible for providing, any cost basis information to any holder of a Warrant under this Agreement.

 

4. Adjustments.

 

4.1 Stock Dividends.

 

  4.1.1 Split-Ups. If after the date hereof, and subject to the provisions of Section 4.6 below, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock is increased by a stock dividend payable in shares of Common Stock, or by a split-up of shares of Common Stock or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such stock dividend, split-up or similar event, the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on exercise of each Warrant shall be increased in proportion to such increase in the outstanding shares of Common Stock. A rights offering to holders of shares of Common Stock entitling holders to purchase shares of Common Stock at a price less than the “Fair Market Value” (as defined below) shall be deemed a stock dividend of a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the product of (i) the number of shares of Common Stock actually sold in such rights offering (or issuable under any other equity securities sold in such rights offering that are convertible into or exercisable for the shares of Common Stock) multiplied by (ii) one (1) minus the quotient of (x) the price per share of Common Stock paid in such rights offering divided by (y) the Fair Market Value. For purposes of this subsection 4.1.1, (i) if the rights offering is for securities convertible into or exercisable for shares of Common Stock, in determining the price payable for shares of Common Stock, there shall be taken into account any consideration received for such rights, as well as any additional amount payable upon exercise or conversion and (ii) “Fair Market Value” means the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock as reported during the ten (10) trading day period ending on the trading day prior to the first date on which the shares of Common Stock trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, without the right to receive such rights.

 

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  4.1.2 Extraordinary Dividends. If the Company, at any time while the Warrants are outstanding and unexpired, shall pay a dividend or make a distribution in cash, securities or other assets to the holders of the shares of Common Stock on account of such shares of Common Stock (or other shares of the Company’s capital stock into which the Warrants are convertible), other than (a) as described in subsection 4.1.1 above, (b) Ordinary Cash Dividends (as defined below), (c) to satisfy the redemption rights of the holders of the shares of Common Stock in connection with a proposed initial Business Combination, (d) to satisfy the redemption rights of the holders of the shares of Common Stock in connection with a stockholder vote to amend the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to redeem 100% of the public shares of Common Stock if the Company does not complete the Business Combination within the period set forth in the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, or (e) in connection with the redemption of public shares upon the failure of the Company to complete its initial Business Combination and any subsequent distribution of its assets upon its liquidation (any such non-excluded event being referred to herein as an “Extraordinary Dividend”), then the Warrant Price shall be decreased, effective immediately after the effective date of such Extraordinary Dividend, by the amount of cash and/or the fair market value (as determined by the Board, in good faith) of any securities or other assets paid on each share of Common Stock in respect of such Extraordinary Dividend. For purposes of this subsection 4.1.2, “Ordinary Cash Dividends” means any cash dividend or cash distribution which, when combined on a per share basis, with the per share amounts of all other cash dividends and cash distributions paid on the shares of Common Stock during the 365-day period ending on the date of declaration of such dividend or distribution (as adjusted to appropriately reflect any of the events referred to in other subsections of this Section 4 and excluding cash dividends or cash distributions that resulted in an adjustment to the Warrant Price or to the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on exercise of each Warrant) does not exceed $0.50 (being 5% of the offering price of the Units in the Offering).

 

4.2 Aggregation of Shares. If after the date hereof, and subject to the provisions of Section 4.6 hereof, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock is decreased by a consolidation, combination, reverse stock split or reclassification of shares of Common Stock or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such consolidation, combination, reverse stock split, reclassification or similar event, the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on exercise of each Warrant shall be decreased in proportion to such decrease in outstanding shares of Common Stock.

 

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4.3 Adjustments in Exercise Price. Whenever the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable upon the exercise of the Warrants is adjusted, the Warrant Price shall be adjusted (to the nearest cent) by multiplying such Warrant Price immediately prior to such adjustment by a fraction (x) the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable upon the exercise of the Warrants immediately prior to such adjustment, and (y) the denominator of which shall be the number of shares of Common Stock so purchasable immediately thereafter.

 

4.4 Replacement of Securities upon Reorganization, etc. In case of any reclassification or reorganization of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (other than a change under Section 4.1 or Section 4.2 hereof or that solely affects the par value of such shares of Common Stock), or in the case of any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another corporation (other than a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing corporation and that does not result in any reclassification or reorganization of the outstanding shares of Common Stock), or in the case of any sale or conveyance to another corporation or entity of the assets or other property of the Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety in connection with which the Company is dissolved, the holders of the Warrants shall thereafter have the right to purchase and receive, upon the basis and upon the terms and conditions specified in the Warrants and in lieu of the shares of Common Stock of the Company immediately theretofore purchasable and receivable upon the exercise of the rights represented thereby, the kind and amount of shares of stock or other securities or property (including cash) receivable upon such reclassification, reorganization, merger or consolidation, or upon a dissolution following any such sale or transfer, that the holder of the Warrants would have received if such holder had exercised his, her or its Warrant(s) immediately prior to such event (the “Alternative Issuance” ); providedhowever, that (i) if the holders of the shares of Common Stock were entitled to exercise a right of election as to the kind or amount of securities, cash or other assets receivable upon such consolidation or merger, then the kind and amount of securities, cash or other assets constituting the Alternative Issuance for which each Warrant shall become exercisable shall be deemed to be the weighted average of the kind and amount received per share by the holders of the shares of Common Stock in such consolidation or merger that affirmatively make such election, and (ii) if a tender, exchange or redemption offer shall have been made to and accepted by the holders of the shares of Common Stock (other than a tender, exchange or redemption offer made by the Company in connection with redemption rights held by stockholders of the Company as provided for in the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation or as a result of the repurchase of shares of Common Stock by the Company if a proposed initial Business Combination is presented to the stockholders of the Company for approval) under circumstances in which, upon completion of such tender or exchange offer, the maker thereof, together with members of any group (within the meaning of Rule 13d-5(b)(1) under the Exchange Act (or any successor rule)) of which such maker is a part, and together with any affiliate or associate of such maker (within the meaning of Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act (or any successor rule)) and any members of any such group of which any such affiliate or associate is a part, own beneficially (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act (or any successor rule)) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, the holder of a Warrant shall be entitled to receive as the Alternative Issuance, the highest amount of cash, securities or other property to which such holder would actually have been entitled as a stockholder if such Warrant holder had exercised the Warrant prior to the expiration of such tender or exchange offer, accepted such offer and all of the shares of Common Stock held by such holder had been purchased pursuant to such tender or exchange offer, subject to adjustments (from and after the consummation of such tender or exchange offer) as nearly equivalent as possible to the adjustments provided for in this Section 4providedfurther, that if less than 70% of the consideration receivable by the holders of the shares of Common Stock in the applicable event is payable in the form of common stock in the successor entity that is listed for trading on a national securities exchange or is quoted in an established over-the-counter market, or is to be so listed for trading or quoted immediately following such event, and if the Registered Holder properly exercises the Warrant within thirty (30) days following the public disclosure of the consummation of such applicable event by the Company pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission, the Warrant Price shall be reduced by an amount (in dollars) equal to the difference of (i) the Warrant Price in effect prior to such reduction minus (ii) (A) the Per Share Consideration (as defined below) (but in no event less than zero) minus (B) the Black-Scholes Warrant Value (as defined below). The “Black-Scholes Warrant Value” means the value of a Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of the applicable event based on the Black-Scholes Warrant Model for a Capped American Call on Bloomberg Financial Markets (“Bloomberg”). For purposes of calculating such amount, (1) Section 6 of this Agreement shall be taken into account, (2) the price of each share of Common Stock shall be the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock as reported during the ten (10) trading day period ending on the trading day prior to the effective date of the applicable event, (3) the assumed volatility shall be the 90 day volatility obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg determined as of the trading day immediately prior to the day of the announcement of the applicable event, and (4) the assumed risk-free interest rate shall correspond to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the remaining term of the Warrant. “Per Share Consideration” means (i) if the consideration paid to holders of the shares of Common Stock consists exclusively of cash, the amount of such cash per share of Common Stock, and (ii) in all other cases, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock as reported during the ten (10) trading day period ending on the trading day prior to the effective date of the applicable event. If any reclassification or reorganization also results in a change in shares of Common Stock covered by subsection 4.1.1, then such adjustment shall be made pursuant to subsection 4.1.1 or Sections 4.24.3 and this Section 4.4. The provisions of this Section 4.4 shall similarly apply to successive reclassifications, reorganizations, mergers or consolidations, sales or other transfers. In no event will the Warrant Price be reduced to less than the par value per share issuable upon exercise of the Warrant.  

 

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4.5  Notices of Changes in Warrant. Upon every adjustment of the Warrant Price or the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of a Warrant, the Company shall give prompt written notice thereof to the Warrant Agent, which notice shall state the Warrant Price resulting from such adjustment and the increase or decrease, if any, in the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable at such price upon the exercise of a Warrant, setting forth in reasonable detail the method of calculation and the facts upon which such calculation is based. Upon the occurrence of any event specified in Sections 4.14.24.3 or 4.4 (“Adjustment Events”), the Company shall give written notice of the occurrence of such event to each holder of a Warrant, at the last address set forth for such holder in the Warrant Register, of the record date or the effective date of the event. Failure to give such notice to the holder of a Warrant or the Warrant Agent, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of such event. The Company hereby agrees that it will provide the Warrant Agent with reasonable notice of Adjustment Events and of the events set forth in Section 4.8. The Company further agrees that it will provide to the Warrant Agent with any new or amended exercise terms. The Warrant Agent shall have no obligation under any section of this Warrant Agreement to determine whether an Adjustment Event or an event set forth in Section 4.8 has occurred or are scheduled or contemplated to occur or to calculate any of the adjustments, or make any calculations whatsoever.

 

4.6 No Fractional Shares. Notwithstanding any provision contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company shall not issue fractional shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of Warrants. If, by reason of any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 4, the holder of any Warrant would be entitled, upon the exercise of such Warrant, to receive a fractional interest in a share, the Company shall, upon such exercise, round down to the nearest whole number the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to such holder.

 

4.7 Form of Warrant. The form of Warrant need not be changed because of any adjustment pursuant to this Section 4, and Warrants issued after such adjustment may state the same Warrant Price and the same number of shares of Common Stock as is stated in the Warrants initially issued pursuant to this Agreement; providedhowever, that the Company may at any time in its sole discretion make any change in the form of Warrant that the Company may deem appropriate and that does not affect the substance thereof, and any Warrant thereafter issued or countersigned, whether in exchange or substitution for an outstanding Warrant or otherwise, may be in the form as so changed.

 

4.8 Other Events. In case any event shall occur affecting the Company as to which none of the provisions of preceding subsections of this Section 4 are strictly applicable, but which would require an adjustment to the terms of the Warrants in order to (i) avoid an adverse impact on the Warrants and (ii) effectuate the intent and purpose of this Section 4, then, in each such case, the Company shall appoint a firm of independent public accountants, investment banking or other appraisal firm of recognized national standing, which shall give its opinion as to whether or not any adjustment to the rights represented by the Warrants is necessary to effectuate the intent and purpose of this Section 4 and, if they determine that an adjustment is necessary, the terms of such adjustment. The Company shall adjust the terms of the Warrants in a manner that is consistent with any adjustment recommended in such opinion.

 

5. Transfer and Exchange of Warrants.

 

5.1 Registration of Transfer. The Warrant Agent shall register the transfer, from time to time, of any outstanding Warrant upon the Warrant Register, upon surrender of such Warrant for transfer, properly endorsed with signatures properly guaranteed and accompanied by appropriate instructions for transfer, and any other such information or documentation that the Warrant Agent shall reasonably request. Upon any such transfer, a new Warrant representing an equal aggregate number of Warrants shall be issued and the old Warrant shall be cancelled by the Warrant Agent. The Warrants so cancelled shall be delivered by the Warrant Agent to the Company from time to time upon request.

 

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5.2 Procedure for Surrender of Warrants. Warrants may be surrendered to the Warrant Agent, together with a written request for exchange or transfer reasonably acceptable to the Warrant Agent, duly executed by the registered holder thereof, or by a duly authorized attorney, and thereupon the Warrant Agent shall issue in exchange therefor one or more new Warrants as requested by the Registered Holder of the Warrants so surrendered, representing an equal aggregate number of Warrants; providedhowever, that except as otherwise provided herein or in any Book-Entry Warrant Certificate, each Book-Entry Warrant Certificate may be transferred only in whole and only to the Depository, to another nominee of the Depository, to a successor depository, or to a nominee of a successor depository; provided furtherhowever, that in the event that a Warrant surrendered for transfer bears a restrictive legend (as in the case of the Sponsor Warrants), the Warrant Agent shall not cancel such Warrant and issue new Warrants in exchange thereof until the Warrant Agent has received an opinion of counsel for the Company stating that such transfer may be made and indicating whether the new Warrants must also bear a restrictive legend.

 

5.3 Fractional Warrants. The Warrant Agent shall not be required to effect any registration of transfer or exchange which shall result in the issuance of a warrant certificate or book-entry position for a fraction of a warrant.

 

5.4 Service Charges. No service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer of Warrants.

 

5.5 Warrant Execution and Countersignature. The Warrant Agent is hereby authorized to countersign and to deliver, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Warrants required to be issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section 5, and the Company, whenever required by the Warrant Agent, shall supply the Warrant Agent with Warrants duly executed on behalf of the Company for such purpose.

 

5.6 Transfer of Warrants. Prior to the Detachment Date, the Public Warrants may be transferred or exchanged only together with the Unit in which such Warrant is included, and only for the purpose of effecting, or in conjunction with, a transfer or exchange of such Unit. Furthermore, each transfer of a Unit on the register relating to such Units shall operate also to transfer the Warrants included in such Unit. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of this Section 5.6 shall have no effect on any transfer of Warrants on and after the Detachment Date.

 

6. Redemption.

 

6.1 Redemption of Warrants for Cash. Subject to Sections 6.5 and 6.6 hereof, not less than all of the outstanding Warrants may be redeemed, at the option of the Company, at any time while they are exercisable and prior to their expiration, at the office(s) of the Warrant Agent, upon notice to the Registered Holders of the Warrants, as described in Section 6.3 below, at the price of $0.01 per Warrant (the “Redemption Price”), provided that the last sales price of the Common Stock reported has been at least $18.00 per share (subject to adjustment in compliance with Section 4 hereof), on each of twenty (20) trading days, within the thirty (30) trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which notice of the redemption is given and provided that there is an effective registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, and a current prospectus relating thereto, available throughout the 30-day Redemption Period (as defined in Section 6.3 below) or the Company has elected to require the exercise of the Warrants on a “cashless basis” pursuant to subsection 3.3.1.

 

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6.2 Redemption of Warrants for shares of Common Stock. Subject to Sections 6.5 and 6.6 hereof, not less than all of the outstanding Warrants may be redeemed, at the option of the Company, commencing ninety (90) days after they are first exercisable and prior to their expiration, at the office of the Warrant Agent, upon notice to the Registered Holders of the Warrants, as described in Section 6.3 below, at a price equal to a number of shares of Common Stock determined by reference to the table below, based on the redemption date (calculated for purposes of the table as the period to expiration of the Warrants) and the “Fair Market Value” (as such term is defined in subsection 3.3.1(b)) (the “Alternative Redemption Price”), provided that the last sales price of the shares of Common Stock reported has been at least $10.00 per share (subject to adjustment in compliance with Section 4 hereof), on the trading day prior to the date on which notice of the redemption is given and provided that there is an effective registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, and a current prospectus relating thereto, available throughout the 30-day Redemption Period (as defined in Section 6.3 below) or the Company has elected to require the exercise of the Warrants on a “cashless basis” pursuant to subsection 3.3.1.

 

    Fair Market Value of shares of Common Stock ($)  
Redemption Date (period to expiration of the Warrants)   10     11     12     13     14     15     16     17     18  
57 months     0.257       0.277       0.294       0.310       0.324       0.337       0.348       0.358       0.365  
54 months     0.252       0.272       0.291       0.307       0.322       0.335       0.347       0.357       0.365  
51 months     0.246       0.268       0.287       0.304       0.320       0.333       0.346       0.357       0.365  
48 months     0.241       0.263       0.283       0.301       0.317       0.332       0.344       0.356       0.365  
45 months     0.235       0.258       0.279       0.298       0.315       0.330       0.343       0.356       0.365  
42 months     0.228       0.252       0.274       0.294       0.312       0.328       0.342       0.355       0.364  
39 months     0.221       0.246       0.269       0.290       0.309       0.325       0.340       0.354       0.364  
36 months     0.213       0.239       0.263       0.285       0.305       0.323       0.339       0.353       0.364  
33 months     0.205       0.232       0.257       0.280       0.301       0.320       0.337       0.352       0.364  
30 months     0.196       0.224       0.250       0.274       0.297       0.316       0.335       0.351       0.364  
27 months     0.185       0.214       0.242       0.268       0.291       0.313       0.332       0.350       0.364  
24 months     0.173       0.204       0.233       0.260       0.285       0.308       0.329       0.348       0.364  
21 months     0.161       0.193       0.223       0.252       0.279       0.304       0.326       0.347       0.364  
18 months     0.146       0.179       0.211       0.242       0.271       0.298       0.322       0.345       0.363  
15 months     0.130       0.164       0.197       0.230       0.262       0.291       0.317       0.342       0.363  
12 months     0.111       0.146       0.181       0.216       0.250       0.282       0.312       0.339       0.363  
9 months     0.090       0.125       0.162       0.199       0.237       0.272       0.305       0.336       0.362  
6 months     0.065       0.099       0.137       0.178       0.219       0.259       0.296       0.331       0.362  
3 months     0.034       0.065       0.104       0.150       0.197       0.243       0.286       0.326       0.361  
0 months     —         —         0.042       0.115       0.179       0.233       0.281       0.323       0.361  

 

The exact Fair Market Value and Redemption Date (as defined below) may not be set forth in the table above, in which case, if the Fair Market Value is between two values in the table or the Redemption Date is between two redemption dates in the table, the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued for each Warrant redeemed will be determined by a straight-line interpolation between the number of shares set forth for the higher and lower Fair Market Values and the earlier and later redemption dates, as applicable, based on a 365- or 366-day year, as applicable.

 

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The stock prices set forth in the column headings of the table above shall be adjusted as of any date on which the number of shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant is adjusted pursuant to Section 4. The adjusted stock prices in the column headings shall equal the stock prices immediately prior to such adjustment, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares deliverable upon exercise of a Warrant immediately prior to such adjustment and the denominator of which is the number of shares deliverable upon exercise of a Warrant as so adjusted. The number of shares in the table above shall be adjusted in the same manner and at the same time as the number of shares issuable upon exercise of a Warrant.

 

6.3 Date Fixed for, and Notice of, Redemption. In the event that the Company elects to redeem all of the Warrants pursuant to Section 6.1, the Company shall fix a date for the redemption (the “Redemption Date”). In the event that the Company elects to redeem all of the Warrants pursuant to Section 6.2, the Company shall fix a date for redemption (the “Alternative Redemption Date”). Notice of redemption shall be mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, by the Company not less than thirty (30) days prior to the Redemption Date (such 30-day period, the “Redemption Period”) to the Registered Holders of the Warrants to be redeemed at their last addresses as they shall appear on the registration books. Any notice mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given whether or not the Registered Holder received such notice.

 

6.4 Exercise After Notice of Redemption. The Warrants may be exercised, for cash (or on a “cashless basis” in accordance with subsection 3.3.1(b) of this Agreement) at any time after notice of redemption shall have been given by the Company pursuant to Section 6.3 hereof and prior to the Redemption Date. In the event that the Company determines to require all holders of Warrants to exercise their Warrants on a “cashless basis” pursuant to subsection 3.3.1, the notice of redemption shall contain the information necessary to calculate the number of shares of Common Stock to be received upon exercise of the Warrants, including the “Fair Market Value” (as such term is defined in subsection 3.3.1(b) hereof) in such case. On and after the Redemption Date, the record holder of the Warrants shall have no further rights except to receive, upon surrender of the Warrants, the Redemption Price or the Alternative Redemption Price, as applicable.

 

6.5 Exclusion of Sponsor Warrants. The Company agrees that the redemption rights provided in Section 6.1 and Section 6.2 shall not apply to the Sponsor Warrants if at the time of the redemption such Sponsor Warrants continue to be held by the Sponsor or its Permitted Transferees. However, once such Sponsor Warrants are transferred (other than to Permitted Transferees under subsection 2.6), the Company may redeem the Sponsor Warrants, provided that the criteria for redemption are met, including the opportunity of the holder of such Sponsor Warrants to exercise the Sponsor Warrants prior to redemption pursuant to Section 6.1 or 6.2. Sponsor Warrants that are transferred to persons other than Permitted Transferees shall upon such transfer cease to be Sponsor Warrants and shall become Public Warrants under this Agreement.

 

6.6 Public Warrants Held By the Company’s Officers or Directors. The Company agrees that if Public Warrants are held by any of the Company’s officers or directors, the Public Warrants held by such officers and directors will be subject to the redemption rights provided in Section 6.2, except that such officers and directors shall only receive “Fair Market Value” (“Fair Market Value” in this Section 6.6 shall mean the last reported sale price of the Public Warrants on the Alternative Redemption Date) for such Public Warrants so redeemed.

 

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7. Other Provisions Relating to Rights of Holders of Warrants.

 

7.1 No Rights as Stockholder. A Warrant does not entitle the Registered Holder thereof to any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to receive dividends, or other distributions, exercise any preemptive rights to vote or to consent or to receive notice as stockholders in respect of the meetings of stockholders or the election of directors of the Company or any other matter.

 

7.2 Lost, Stolen, Mutilated, or Destroyed Warrants. If any Warrant is lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed, absent notice to the Company or Warrant Agent that such certificates have been acquired by a protected purchaser, the Company may, upon receipt by Warrant Agent of an open penalty surety bond satisfactory to it and holding it and Company harmless, issue, in a form mutually agreed to by Warrant Agent and the Company, a new Warrant of like denomination, tenor and date as the Warrant so lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed, and countersigned by the Warrant Agent. Any such new Warrant shall constitute a substitute contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the allegedly lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed Warrant shall be at any time enforceable by anyone. Warrant Agent may, at its option, countersign replacement Warrants for mutilated certificates upon presentation thereof without such indemnity.

 

7.3 Reservation of Shares of Common Stock. The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available a number of its authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock that shall be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding Warrants issued pursuant to this Agreement.

 

7.4 Registration of Shares of Common Stock; Cashless Exercise at Company’s Option.

 

  7.4.1 Registration of Shares of Common Stock. The Company agrees that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than fifteen (15) Business Days after the closing of its initial Business Combination, it shall use its best efforts to file with the Commission a registration statement for the registration, under the Securities Act of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants. The Company shall use its best efforts to cause the same to become effective and to maintain the effectiveness of such registration statement, and a current prospectus relating thereto, until the expiration of the Warrants in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. If any such registration statement has not been declared effective by the 60th Business Day following the closing of the Business Combination, holders of the Warrants shall have the right, during the period beginning on the 61st Business Day after the closing of the Business Combination and ending upon such registration statement being declared effective by the Commission, and during any other period when the Company shall fail to have maintained an effective registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, to exercise such Warrants on a “cashless basis,” by exchanging the Warrants (in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act (or any successor statute) or another exemption) for that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrants, multiplied by the difference between the Warrant Price and the “Fair Market Value” (as defined below) by (y) the Fair Market Value. Solely for   purposes of this subsection 7.4.1, “Fair Market Value” shall mean the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock as reported during the ten (10) trading day period ending on the trading day prior to the date that notice of exercise is received by the Warrant Agent from the holder of such Warrants or its securities broker or intermediary. The date that notice of “cashless exercise” is received by the Warrant Agent shall be conclusively determined by the Warrant Agent. In connection with the “cashless exercise” of a Public Warrant, the Company shall, upon request, provide the Warrant Agent with an opinion of counsel for the Company (which shall be an outside law firm with securities law experience) stating that (i) the exercise of the Warrants on a “cashless basis” in accordance with this subsection 7.4.1 is not required to be registered under the Securities Act and (ii) the shares of Common Stock issued upon such exercise shall be freely tradable under United States federal securities laws by anyone who is not an affiliate (as such term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act (or any successor rule)) of the Company and, accordingly, shall not be required to bear a restrictive legend. Except as provided in subsection 7.4.2, for the avoidance of doubt, unless and until all of the Warrants have been exercised or have expired, the Company shall continue to be obligated to comply with its registration obligations under the first three sentences of this subsection 7.4.1.

  

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  7.4.2 Cashless Exercise at Company’s Option. If the shares of Common Stock are at the time of any exercise of a Warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that it satisfies the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act (or any successor statute), the Company may, at its option, (i) require holders of Public Warrants who exercise Public Warrants to exercise such Public Warrants on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act (or any successor statute) as described in subsection 7.4.1 and (ii) in the event the Company so elects, the Company shall (x) not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement for the registration, under the Securities Act, of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, and (y) use its best efforts to register or qualify for sale the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrant under the blue sky laws of the state of residence of the exercising Public Warrant holder and in those states in which the Warrants were initially offered by the Company to the extent an exemption is not available.

 

  7.4.3 Cashless Exercise Ratio. The Company shall calculate and transmit to the Warrant Agent, and the Warrant Agent shall have no obligation under this Agreement to calculate, the cashless exercise ratio. The number of shares of Common Stock to be issued on such exercise will be determined by the Company (with written notice thereof to the Warrant Agent) using the formula set forth in herein, the Warrant Agent shall have no duty or obligation to investigate or confirm whether the Company’s determination of the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued on such exercise, pursuant to this Agreement, is accurate or correct.

 

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8. Concerning the Warrant Agent and Other Matters.

 

8.1 Payment of Taxes. The Company shall from time to time promptly pay all taxes and charges that may be imposed upon the Company or the Warrant Agent in respect of the issuance or delivery of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of the Warrants, but the Company and the Warrant Agent shall not be obligated to pay any transfer taxes in respect of the Warrants or such shares of Common Stock.

 

8.2 Resignation, Consolidation, or Merger of Warrant Agent.

  

  8.2.1 Appointment of Successor Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent, or any successor to it hereafter appointed, may resign its duties and be discharged from all further duties and liabilities hereunder after giving thirty (30) days’ after, but not including, notice in writing to the Company. If the office of the Warrant Agent becomes vacant by resignation or incapacity to act or otherwise, the Company shall appoint in writing a successor Warrant Agent in place of the Warrant Agent. If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of thirty (30) days after, but not including, it has been notified in writing of such resignation or incapacity by the Warrant Agent or by the holder of a Warrant (who shall, with such notice, submit his Warrant for inspection by the Company), then the holder of any Warrant may apply to the Supreme Court of the State of New York for the County of New York for the appointment of a successor Warrant Agent at the Company’s cost. Any successor Warrant Agent, whether appointed by the Company or by such court, shall be authorized under applicable laws to exercise the powers of a transfer agent and subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority. After appointment, any successor Warrant Agent shall be vested with all the authority, powers, rights, immunities, duties, and obligations of its predecessor Warrant Agent with like effect as if originally named as Warrant Agent hereunder, without any further act or deed; but if for any reason it becomes necessary or appropriate, the predecessor Warrant Agent shall execute and deliver, at the expense of the Company, an instrument transferring to such successor Warrant Agent all the authority, powers, and rights of such predecessor Warrant Agent hereunder; and upon request of any successor Warrant Agent the Company shall make, execute, acknowledge, and deliver any and all instruments in writing for more fully and effectually vesting in and confirming to such successor Warrant Agent all such authority, powers, rights, immunities, duties, and obligations.

 

  8.2.2 Notice of Successor Warrant Agent. In the event a successor Warrant Agent shall be appointed, the Company shall give notice thereof to the predecessor Warrant Agent and the Company’s transfer agent for the shares of Common Stock not later than the effective date of any such appointment.

 

  8.2.3 Merger or Consolidation of Warrant Agent. Any entity into which the Warrant Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated or any entity resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Warrant Agent shall be a party shall be the successor Warrant Agent under this Agreement without any further act.

 

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8.3 Fees and Expenses of Warrant Agent.

 

  8.3.1 Remuneration. The Company agrees to pay the Warrant Agent reasonable remuneration for its services as such Warrant Agent hereunder and shall, pursuant to its obligations under this Agreement, reimburse the Warrant Agent upon demand for all expenditures that the Warrant Agent may reasonably incur in the execution of its duties hereunder.

 

  8.3.2 Further Assurances. The Company agrees to perform, execute, acknowledge, and deliver or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged, and delivered all such further and other acts, instruments, and assurances as may reasonably be required by the Warrant Agent for the carrying out or performing of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

8.4 Liability of Warrant Agent.

 

  8.4.1 Reliance on Company Statement. Whenever in the performance of its duties under this Agreement, the Warrant Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter be proved or established by the Company prior to taking or suffering any action hereunder, such fact or matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a statement signed by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer or the Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Warrant Agent. The Warrant Agent may rely upon such statement, and will be held harmless for such reliance, and shall not be held liable in connection with any delay in receiving such statement.

 

  8.4.2 Indemnity. The Warrant Agent shall be liable hereunder only for its own gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct (each as determined by a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction). The Company covenants and agrees to indemnify and to hold the Warrant Agent harmless against any costs, expenses (including reasonable fees of its legal counsel), losses or damages, which may be paid, incurred or suffered by or to which it may become subject, arising from or out of, directly or indirectly, any claims or liability resulting from its actions as Warrant Agent pursuant hereto; provided, however, that such covenant and agreement of the Company does not extend to, and the Warrant Agent shall not be indemnified with respect to, such costs, expenses, losses and damages incurred or suffered by the Warrant Agent as a result of, or arising out of, its gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct (each as determined by a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction).

  

  8.4.3 Exclusions. The Warrant Agent shall have no responsibility with respect to the validity of this Agreement or with respect to the validity or execution of any Warrant (except its countersignature thereof). The Warrant Agent shall not be responsible for any breach by the Company of any covenant or condition contained in this Agreement or in any Warrant. The Warrant Agent shall not be responsible to make any adjustments required under the provisions of Section 4 hereof or responsible for the manner, method, or amount of any such adjustment or the ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustment; nor shall it by any act hereunder be deemed to make any representation or warranty as to the authorization or reservation of any shares of Common Stock to be issued pursuant to this Agreement or any Warrant or as to whether any shares of Common Stock shall, when issued, be valid and fully paid and non-assessable.

 

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  8.4.4 Instructions. From time to time, the Company may provide the Warrant Agent with instructions concerning the services performed by the Warrant Agent hereunder. In addition, at any time the Warrant Agent may apply to any officer of Company for instruction, and may consult with legal counsel for the Warrant Agent or the Company with respect to any matter arising in connection with the services to be performed by the Warrant Agent under this Warrant Agreement. The Warrant Agent and its agents and subcontractors shall not be liable and shall be indemnified by Company for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by Warrant Agent in reliance upon any Company instructions or upon the advice or opinion of such counsel. Warrant Agent shall not be held to have notice of any change of authority of any person, until receipt of written notice thereof from Company.

 

  8.4.5 Rights and Duties of Warrant Agent.

 

  (a) The Warrant Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be internal or external legal counsel for the Company), and the opinion of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection to the Warrant Agent as to any action taken or omitted by it in accordance with such opinion.

 

  (b) The Warrant Agent shall not be liable for or by reason of any of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Warrant Agreement or in the Warrant Certificates (except its countersignature thereof) or be required to verify the same, and all such statements and recitals are and shall be deemed to have been made by the Company only.

 

  (c) The Warrant Agent shall not have any duty or responsibility in the case of the receipt of any written demand from any holder of Warrants with respect to any action or default by the Company, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any duty or responsibility to initiate or attempt to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise or to make any demand upon the Company.

 

  (d) The Warrant Agent and any stockholder, director, officer or employee of the Warrant Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the Warrants or other securities of the Company or become pecuniarily interested in any transaction in which the Company may be interested, or contract with or lend money to the Company or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not Warrant Agent under this Warrant Agreement. Nothing herein shall preclude the Warrant Agent from acting in any other capacity for the Company or for any other legal entity.

 

  (e) The Warrant Agent may execute and exercise any of the rights or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself or by or through its attorney or agents, and the Warrant Agent shall not be answerable or accountable for any act, default, neglect or misconduct of any such attorney or agents or for any loss to the Company resulting from any such act, default, neglect or misconduct, absent gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct (each as determined by a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction) by such attorneys or agents or in the selection and continued employment thereof.

 

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  (f) The Warrant Agent may rely on and shall be held harmless and protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in reliance upon any certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, notice, letter, facsimile transmission, telegram or other document, or any security delivered to it, and believed by it to be genuine and to have been made or signed by the proper party or parties, or upon any written or oral instructions or statements from the Company with respect to any matter relating to its acting as Warrant Agent hereunder.

 

  (g) The Warrant Agent shall not be obligated to expend or risk its own funds or to take any action that it believes would expose or subject it to expense or liability or to a risk of incurring expense or liability, unless it has been furnished with assurances of repayment or indemnity satisfactory to it.

 

  (h) The Warrant Agent shall not be liable or responsible for any failure of the Company to comply with any of its obligations relating to any registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission or this Warrant Agreement, including without limitation obligations under applicable regulation or law.

 

  (i) The Warrant Agent shall not be accountable or under any duty or responsibility for the use by the Company of any Warrants authenticated by the Warrant Agent and delivered by it to the Company pursuant to this Warrant Agreement or for the application by the Company of the proceeds of the issue and sale, or exercise, of the Warrants.

 

  (j) The Warrant Agent shall act hereunder solely as agent for the Company, and its duties shall be determined solely by the express provisions hereof (and no duties or obligations shall be inferred or implied). The Warrant Agent shall not assume any obligations or relationship of agency or trust with any of the owners or holders of the Warrants.

 

  (k) The Warrant Agent may rely on and be fully authorized and protected in acting or failing to act upon (a) any guaranty of signature by an “eligible guarantor institution” that is a member or participant in the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program or other comparable “signature guarantee program” or insurance program in addition to, or in substitution for, the foregoing; or (b) any law, act, regulation or any interpretation of the same even though such law, act, or regulation may thereafter have been altered, changed, amended or repealed.

 

  (l) In the event the Warrant Agent believes any ambiguity or uncertainty exists hereunder or in any notice, instruction, direction, request or other communication, paper or document received by the Warrant Agent hereunder, the Warrant Agent, may, in its sole discretion, refrain from taking any action, and shall be fully protected and shall not be liable in any way to Company, the holder of any Warrant Certificate or Book-Entry Warrant Certificate or any other person or entity for refraining from taking such action, unless the Warrant Agent receives written instructions signed by the Company which eliminates such ambiguity or uncertainty to the satisfaction of Warrant Agent.

 

20

 

 

8.5 Acceptance of Agency. The Warrant Agent hereby accepts the agency established by this Agreement and agrees to perform the same upon the terms and conditions herein set forth and among other things, shall account promptly to the Company with respect to Warrants exercised and concurrently account for, and pay to the Company, all monies received by the Warrant Agent for the purchase of shares of Common Stock through the exercise of the Warrants.

 

8.6 Waiver. The Warrant Agent has no right of set-off or any other right, title, interest or claim of any kind (“Claim”) in, or to any distribution of, the Trust Account (as defined in that certain Investment Management Trust Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by and between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association, as trustee thereunder) and hereby agrees not to seek recourse, reimbursement, payment or satisfaction for any Claim against the Trust Account for any reason whatsoever. The Warrant Agent hereby waives any and all Claims against the Trust Account and any and all rights to seek access to the Trust Account.

 

8.7 Limitation of Liability. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Warrant Agent’s aggregate liability during any term of this Warrant Agreement with respect to, arising from, or arising in connection with this Warrant Agreement, or from all services provided or omitted to be provided under this Warrant Agreement, whether in contract, or in tort, or otherwise, is limited to, and shall not exceed, the amounts paid hereunder by the Company to the Warrant Agent as fees and charges, but not including reimbursable expenses, during the twenty-four (24) months immediately preceding the event for which recovery from the Warrant Agent is being sought. Neither party to this Warrant Agreement shall be liable to the other party for any consequential, indirect, special, punitive or incidental damages under any provisions of this Warrant Agreement or for any consequential, indirect, punitive, special or incidental damages arising out of any act or failure to act hereunder even if that party has been advised of or has foreseen the possibility or likelihood of such damages.

 

8.8 Survival. The provisions of this Section 8 shall survive the termination of this Warrant Agreement and the resignation, removal or replacement of the Warrant Agent.

 

9. Miscellaneous Provisions.

 

9.1 Successors. All the covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Warrant Agent shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns.

 

9.2 Notices. Any notice, statement or demand authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Warrant Agent or by the holder of any Warrant to or on the Company shall be sufficiently given when sent if by hand or overnight delivery or if sent by trackable mail or private courier service when sent, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Company with the Warrant Agent), as follows:

 

21

 

 

GS Acquisition Holdings Corp

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

Attention: General Counsel

 

Any notice, statement or demand authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the holder of any Warrant or by the Company to or on the Warrant Agent shall be sufficiently given when sent if by hand or overnight delivery or if sent by trackable mail or private courier service when sent, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Warrant Agent with the Company), as follows:

 

Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

250 Royall Street

Canton, Massachusetts 02021

Attention: Client Administration

Fax: (781) 575-2549

 

9.3 Applicable Law. The validity, interpretation, and performance of this Agreement and of the Warrants shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, including, without limitation, Sections 5-1401 and 5-1402 of the New York General Obligations Law and New York Civil Practice Laws and Rule 327(b). The Company hereby agrees that any action, proceeding or claim against it arising out of or relating in any way to this Agreement shall be brought and enforced in the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and irrevocably submits to such jurisdiction, which jurisdiction shall be exclusive. The Company hereby waives any objection to such exclusive jurisdiction and that such courts represent an inconvenient forum.

 

9.4 Persons Having Rights under this Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to confer upon, or give to, any person or corporation other than the parties hereto and the Registered Holders of the Warrants any right, remedy, or claim under or by reason of this Agreement or of any covenant, condition, stipulation, promise, or agreement hereof. All covenants, conditions, stipulations, promises, and agreements contained in this Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the parties hereto and their successors and assigns and of the Registered Holders of the Warrants.

 

9.5 Examination of the Warrant Agreement. A copy of this Agreement shall be available at all reasonable times at the office(s) of the Warrant Agent, whenever the Warrant Agent shall so designate in its sole discretion, for inspection by the Registered Holder of any Warrant. The Warrant Agent may require any such holder to submit his Warrant for inspection by it.

  

9.6 Counterparts; Electric Signatures. This Agreement may be executed in any number of original or facsimile counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. A signature to this Agreement transmitted electronically shall have the same authority, effect, and enforceability as an original signature.

 

9.7 Effect of Headings. The section headings herein are for convenience only and are not part of this Agreement and shall not affect the interpretation thereof.

 

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9.8 Amendments. This Agreement may be amended by the parties hereto without the consent of any Registered Holder for the purpose of curing any ambiguity, or curing, correcting or supplementing any defective provision contained herein or adding or changing any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Agreement as the parties may deem necessary or desirable and that the parties deem shall not adversely affect the interest of the Registered Holders. All other modifications or amendments, including any amendment to increase the Warrant Price or shorten the Exercise Period and any amendment to the terms of only the Sponsor Warrants, shall require the vote or written consent of the Registered Holders of 50% of the then outstanding Public Warrants. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may lower the Warrant Price or extend the duration of the Exercise Period pursuant to Sections 3.1 and 3.2, respectively, without the consent of the Registered Holders. As a condition precedent to the Warrant Agent’s execution of any amendment, the Company shall deliver to the Warrant Agent a certificate from a duly authorized officer of the Company that states that the proposed amendment is in compliance with the terms of this Section 9.8.

 

9.9 Severability. This Agreement shall be deemed severable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of any term or provision hereof shall not affect the validity or enforceability of this Agreement or of any other term or provision hereof. Furthermore, in lieu of any such invalid or unenforceable term or provision, the parties hereto intend that there shall be added as a part of this Agreement a provision as similar in terms to such invalid or unenforceable provision as may be possible and be valid and enforceable.

 

9.10 Force Majeure. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Warrant Agent will not be liable for any delays or failures in performance resulting from acts beyond its reasonable control including, without limitation, acts of God, terrorist acts, shortage of supply, breakdowns or malfunctions, interruptions or malfunction of computer facilities, or loss of data due to power failures or mechanical difficulties with information storage or retrieval systems, labor difficulties, war, or civil unrest.

 

9.11 Business Continuity Plan. The Warrant Agent shall maintain plans for business continuity, disaster recovery, and backup capabilities and facilities designed to ensure the Warrant Agent’s continued performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including, without limitation, loss of production, loss of systems, loss of equipment, failure of carriers and the failure of the Warrant Agent’s or its supplier’s equipment, computer systems or business systems (“Business Continuity Plan”). Such Business Continuity Plan shall include, but shall not be limited to, testing, accountability and corrective actions designed to be promptly implemented, if necessary. In addition, in the event that the Warrant Agent has knowledge of an incident affecting the integrity or availability of such Business Continuity Plan, then the Warrant Agent shall, as promptly as practicable, but no later than twenty-four (24) hours (or sooner to the extent required by applicable law or regulation) after the Warrant Agent becomes aware of such incident, notify the Company in writing of such incident and provide the Company with updates, as deemed appropriate by the Warrant Agent under the circumstances, with respect to the status of all related remediation efforts in connection with such incident. The Warrant Agent represents that, as of the date of this Agreement, such Business Continuity Plan is active and functioning normally in all material respects.

  

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9.12 Bank Accounts. All funds received by Computershare Inc. under this Warrant Agreement that are to be distributed or applied by Computershare Inc. in the performance of its services hereunder (the “Funds”) shall be held by Computershare Inc. as agent for the Company and deposited in one or more bank accounts to be maintained by Computershare Inc. in its name as agent for the Company. Until paid pursuant to the terms of this Warrant Agreement, Computershare Inc. will hold the Funds through such accounts in: deposit accounts of commercial banks with Tier 1 capital exceeding $1 billion or with an average rating above investment grade by S&P (LT Local Issuer Credit Rating), Moody’s (Long Term Rating) and Fitch Ratings, Inc. (LT Issuer Default Rating) (each as reported by Bloomberg Finance L.P.). Computershare Inc. shall have no responsibility or liability for any diminution of the Funds that may result from any deposit made by Computershare Inc. in accordance with this paragraph, including any losses resulting from a default by any bank, financial institution or other third party. Computershare Inc. may from time to time receive interest, dividends or other earnings in connection with such deposits. Computershare Inc. shall not be obligated to pay such interest, dividends or earnings to the Company, any holder of Warrants or any other party.

 

9.13 Confidentiality. The Warrant Agent and the Company agree that all books, records, information and data pertaining to the business of the other party, including inter alia, personal, non-public warrant holder information, which are exchanged or received pursuant to the negotiation or the carrying out of this Warrant Agreement, including the fees for services, shall remain confidential, and shall not be voluntarily disclosed to any other person, except as may be required by law or regulation, including, without limitation, pursuant to requests from the Securities and Exchange Commission and subpoenas from state or federal government authorities (e.g., in divorce and criminal actions).

 

9.14 Signature Guarantees. If a signature guarantee is required under this Agreement, then such signature guarantee must be obtained from an eligible guarantor institution participating in a signature guarantee program approved by the Securities Transfer Association.

 

Exhibit A Form of Warrant Certificate

Exhibit B Legend — Sponsor’s Warrants

 

24

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written.

 

  GS ACQUISITION HOLDINGS CORP
     
  By: /s/ David M. Cote  
    Name: David M. Cote
    Title: Chief Executive Officer, President and Secretary
   
  COMPUTERSHARE INC.
     
  By: /s/ Dan DeWeever  
    Name: Dan DeWeever
    Title: Product Director
   
  COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A.
     
  By: /s/ Dan DeWeever  
    Name: Dan DeWeever
    Title: Product Director

 

[Signature Page to Warrant Agreement]

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT A

 

Form of Warrant Certificate

 

[FACE]

Number

Warrants

THIS WARRANT SHALL BE NULL AND VOID IF NOT EXERCISED PRIOR TO

THE EXPIRATION OF THE EXERCISE PERIOD PROVIDED FOR

IN THE WARRANT AGREEMENT DESCRIBED BELOW

 

GS Acquisition Holdings Corp

Incorporated Under the Laws of the State of Delaware

 

CUSIP [•]

Warrant Certificate

 

This Warrant Certificate certifies that                 , or registered assigns, is the registered holder of                  warrant(s) evidenced hereby (the “Warrants” and each, a “Warrant”) to purchase shares of Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (“Common Stock”), of GS Acquisition Holdings Corp, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”). Each Warrant entitles the holder, upon exercise during the period set forth in the Warrant Agreement referred to below, to receive from the Company that number of fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock as set forth below, at the exercise price (the “Exercise Price”) as determined pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, payable in lawful money (or through “cashless exercise” as provided for in the Warrant Agreement) of the United States of America upon surrender of this Warrant Certificate and payment of the Exercise Price at the office or agency of the Warrant Agent referred to below, subject to the conditions set forth herein and in the Warrant Agreement. Defined terms used in this Warrant Certificate but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Warrant Agreement.

 

Each whole Warrant is initially exercisable for one fully paid and non-assessable share of Common Stock. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of any Warrant. If, upon the exercise of Warrant, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, the Company will, upon exercise, round down to the nearest whole number of the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to the holder. The number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events as set forth in the Warrant Agreement.

 

The initial Exercise Price per share of Common Stock for any Warrant is equal to $11.50 per whole share. The Exercise Price is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events as set forth in the Warrant Agreement.

 

 

 

Subject to the conditions set forth in the Warrant Agreement, the Warrants may be exercised only during the Exercise Period and to the extent not exercised by the end of such Exercise Period, such Warrants shall become null and void.

 

Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Warrant Certificate set forth on the reverse hereof and such further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as though fully set forth at this place.

 

This Warrant Certificate shall not be valid unless countersigned by the Warrant Agent, as such term is used in the Warrant Agreement.

 

This Warrant Certificate shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York.

 

  GS ACQUISITION HOLDINGS CORP
   
  By:                           
    Name:
    Title:
   
  COMPUTERSHARE INC.
     
  By:
    Name:
    Title:
   
  COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A.
     
  By:
    Name:
    Title:

 

 

 

[Form of Warrant Certificate]

 

[Reverse]

 

The Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate are part of a duly authorized issue of Warrants entitling the holder on exercise to receive                  shares of Common Stock and are issued or to be issued pursuant to a Warrant Agreement dated as of [•], 2018 (the “Warrant Agreement”), duly executed and delivered by the Company to Computershare Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiary Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust company (or successor warrant agent) (collectively, the “Warrant Agent”), which Warrant Agreement is hereby incorporated by reference in and made a part of this instrument and is hereby referred to for a description of the rights, limitation of rights, obligations, duties and immunities thereunder of the Warrant Agent, the Company and the holders (the words “holders” or “holder” meaning the Registered Holders or Registered Holder, respectively) of the Warrants. A copy of the Warrant Agreement may be obtained by the holder hereof upon written request to the Company. Defined terms used in this Warrant Certificate but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Warrant Agreement.

 

Warrants may be exercised at any time during the Exercise Period set forth in the Warrant Agreement. The holder of Warrants evidenced by this Warrant Certificate may exercise them by surrendering this Warrant Certificate, with the form of election to purchase set forth hereon properly completed and executed, together with payment of the Exercise Price as specified in the Warrant Agreement (or through “cashless exercise” as provided for in the Warrant Agreement) at the designated office(s) of the Warrant Agent. In the event that upon any exercise of Warrants evidenced hereby the number of Warrants exercised shall be less than the total number of Warrants evidenced hereby, there shall be issued to the holder hereof or his, her or its assignee, a new Warrant Certificate evidencing the number of Warrants not exercised.

 

Notwithstanding anything else in this Warrant Certificate or the Warrant Agreement, no Warrant may be exercised unless at the time of exercise (i) a registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock to be issued upon exercise is effective under the Securities Act and (ii) a prospectus thereunder relating to the shares of Common Stock is current, except through “cashless exercise” as provided for in the Warrant Agreement.

 

The Warrant Agreement provides that upon the occurrence of certain events the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants set forth on the face hereof may, subject to certain conditions, be adjusted. If, upon exercise of a Warrant, the holder thereof would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share of Common Stock, the Company shall, upon exercise, round down to the nearest whole number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to the holder of the Warrant.

 

Warrant Certificates, when surrendered at the designated office(s) of the Warrant Agent by the Registered Holder thereof in person or by legal representative or attorney duly authorized in writing, may be exchanged, in the manner and subject to the limitations provided in the Warrant Agreement, but without payment of any service charge, for another Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates of like tenor evidencing in the aggregate a like number of Warrants.

 

Upon due presentation for registration of transfer of this Warrant Certificate at the office(s) of the Warrant Agent a new Warrant Certificate or Warrant Certificates of like tenor and evidencing in the aggregate a like number of Warrants shall be issued to the transferee(s) in exchange for this Warrant Certificate, subject to the limitations provided in the Warrant Agreement, without charge except for any tax or other third-party charges imposed in connection therewith.

 

 

 

The Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the Registered Holder(s) hereof as the absolute owner(s) of this Warrant Certificate (notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing hereon made by anyone), for the purpose of any exercise hereof, of any distribution to the holder(s) hereof, and for all other purposes, and neither the Company nor the Warrant Agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary. Neither the Warrants nor this Warrant Certificate entitles any holder hereof to any rights of a stockholder of the Company.

 

 

 

Election to Purchase

 

(To Be Executed Upon Exercise of Warrant)

 

The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise the right, represented by this Warrant Certificate, to receive                  shares of Common Stock and herewith tenders payment for such shares of Common Stock to the order of GS Acquisition Holdings Corp (the “Company”) in the amount of $                 in accordance with the terms hereof. The undersigned requests that a certificate for such shares of Common Stock be registered in the name of                 , whose address is                  and that such shares of Common Stock be delivered to whose address is                 . If said number of shares of Common Stock is less than all of the shares of Common Stock purchasable hereunder, the undersigned requests that a new Warrant Certificate representing the remaining balance of such shares of Common Stock be registered in the name of                 , whose address is                 , and that such Warrant Certificate be delivered to                 , whose address is                 .

 

In the event that the Warrant has been called for redemption by the Company pursuant to Section 6.1 or Section 6.2 of the Warrant Agreement and the Company has required cashless exercise pursuant to Section 6.4 of the Warrant Agreement, the number of shares of Common Stock that this Warrant is exercisable for shall be determined in accordance with subsection 3.3.1(b) and Section 6.4 of the Warrant Agreement.

 

In the event that the Warrant is a Sponsor Warrant that is to be exercised on a “cashless” basis pursuant to subsection 3.3.1(c) of the Warrant Agreement, the number of shares of Common Stock that this Warrant is exercisable for shall be determined in accordance with subsection 3.3.1(c) of the Warrant Agreement.

 

In the event that the Warrant is to be exercised on a “cashless” basis pursuant to Section 7.4 of the Warrant Agreement, the number of shares of Common Stock that this Warrant is exercisable for shall be determined in accordance with Section 7.4 of the Warrant Agreement.

 

In the event that the Warrant may be exercised, to the extent allowed by the Warrant Agreement, through cashless exercise (i) the number of shares of Common Stock that this Warrant is exercisable for would be determined in accordance with the relevant section of the Warrant Agreement which allows for such cashless exercise and (ii) the holder hereof shall complete the following: The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise the right, represented by this Warrant Certificate, through the cashless exercise provisions of the Warrant Agreement, to receive shares of Common Stock. If said number of shares of Common Stock is less than all of the shares of Common Stock purchasable hereunder (after giving effect to the cashless exercise), the undersigned requests that a new Warrant Certificate representing the remaining balance of such shares of Common Stock be registered in the name of                 , whose address is                 , and that such Warrant Certificate be delivered to                 , whose address is                 .

 

Date:                     , (Signature)

 

(Address)

 

 

 

   
   
 

(Tax Identification Number) 

   
Signature Guaranteed:  
   
 

 

THE SIGNATURE(S) SHOULD BE GUARANTEED BY AN ELIGIBLE GUARANTOR INSTITUTION (BANKS, STOCKBROKERS, SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS AND CREDIT UNIONS WITH MEMBERSHIP IN AN APPROVED SIGNATURE GUARANTEE MEDALLION PROGRAM, PURSUANT TO SEC RULE 17Ad-15 (OR ANY SUCCESSOR RULE) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT, OF 1934, AS AMENDED).

 

 

 

EXHIBIT B

 

LEGEND

 

THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR ANY STATE SECURITIES LAWS, AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF UNLESS REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND ANY APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS OR AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION IS AVAILABLE. IN ADDITION, SUBJECT TO ANY ADDITIONAL LIMITATIONS ON TRANSFER DESCRIBED IN THE LETTER AGREEMENTS BY AND AMONG GS ACQUISITION HOLDINGS CORP (THE “COMPANY”), GS DC SPONSOR I LLC AND THE OTHER PARTIES THERETO, THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED PRIOR TO THE DATE THAT IS THIRTY (30) DAYS AFTER THE DATE UPON WHICH THE COMPANY COMPLETES ITS INITIAL BUSINESS COMBINATION (AS DEFINED IN SECTION 3 OF THE WARRANT AGREEMENT REFERRED TO HEREIN) EXCEPT TO A PERMITTED TRANSFEREE (AS DEFINED IN SECTION 2 OF THE WARRANT AGREEMENT) WHO AGREES IN WRITING WITH THE COMPANY TO BE SUBJECT TO SUCH TRANSFER PROVISIONS.

 

SECURITIES EVIDENCED BY THIS CERTIFICATE AND SHARES OF COMMON STOCK OF THE COMPANY ISSUED UPON EXERCISE OF SUCH SECURITIES SHALL BE ENTITLED TO REGISTRATION RIGHTS UNDER A REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT TO BE EXECUTED BY THE COMPANY.

 

 

Exhibit 5.1

 

212-373-3000

 

212-757-3990

 

August 5, 2020

 

Vertiv Holdings Co

1050 Dearborn Drive
Columbus, Ohio 43085

 

Registration Statement on Form S-1

(Registration No. 333-236334)

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

We have acted as special counsel to Vertiv Holdings Co, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) in connection with the Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (the “Registration Statement”) of the Company, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Rules”). You have asked us to furnish our opinion as to the legality of the Securities (as defined below) being registered under the Registration Statement. The Registration Statement relates to the registration under the Act of (a) the issuance of up to 33,533,301 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the “Class A Common Stock”) upon the exercise of the Warrants (as defined below) (such shares, the “Warrant Shares”), and (b) the resale by the selling stockholders (the “Selling Stockholders”) of (i) up to 10,606,665 Warrants held by the Selling Stockholders (the “Secondary Warrants”), (ii) up to 10,606,665 Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Secondary Warrants, (iii) up to 259,672,496 shares of Class A Common Stock held by the Selling Stockholders (the “Issued Shares”) and (iv) up to 220,000 units of the Company held by the Selling Stockholders (the “Secondary Units”), each such Secondary Unit consisting of one share of Class A Common Stock and one-third of one Warrant. The Warrant Shares, the Secondary Warrants, the Issued Shares and the Secondary Units are collectively referred to herein as the “Securities.”

 

 

 

 

Vertiv Holdings Co 

The warrants were issued pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, dated June 7, 2018 (the “Warrant Agreement”), among the Company, Computershare Trust Company, N.A., and Computershare Inc. and the Warrant Subscription Agreement between the Company and GS DC Sponsor I LLC, dated June 7, 2018 (the “Private Placement Warrant Agreement”) (collectively, the “Warrants”). The Issued Shares were issued pursuant to the following agreements (collectively with the Warrant Agreement and the Private Placement Warrant Agreement, the “Share Agreements”): (i) the Securities Subscription Agreement, dated May 17, 2016, between the Company and GS Sponsor LLC; (ii) the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 10, 2019, by and among GS Acquisition Holdings Corp, Crew Merger Sub I LLC, Crew Merger Sub II LLC, Vertiv Holdings, LLC and VPE Holdings, LLC; and (iii) those certain Subscription Agreements entered into between the Company and certain of the Selling Stockholders. The Secondary Units were issued pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, dated June 7, 2018 (the “Original Underwriting Agreement”), between Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, as representative of the several underwriters named therein, and the Company.

 

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Vertiv Holdings Co  

In connection with the furnishing of this opinion, we have examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of the following documents (collectively, the “Documents”):

 

1.                  the Registration Statement;

 

2.                  an executed copy of the Warrant Agreement;

 

3.                  executed copies of the Share Agreements;

 

4.                  an executed copy of the Original Underwriting Agreement;

 

5.                  the form of the Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”), included as Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement; and

 

6.                  a specimen certificate evidencing Units in the form of Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement.

 

In addition, we have examined (i) such corporate records of the Company that we have considered appropriate, including a copy of the Second Amended and Restated Certificate Of Incorporation, as amended, and Amended and Restated By-Laws, as amended, of the Company, certified by the Company as in effect on the date of this letter and copies of resolutions of the board of directors of the Company relating to the offering of the Issued Shares, certified by the Company and (ii) such other certificates, agreements and documents that we deemed relevant and necessary as a basis for the opinions expressed below. We have also relied upon the factual matters contained in the representations and warranties of the Company made in the Documents and upon certificates of public officials and the officers of the Company.

 

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Vertiv Holdings Co  

 

In our examination of the documents referred to above, we have assumed, without independent investigation, the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all individuals who have executed any of the documents reviewed by us, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to us as certified, photostatic, reproduced or conformed copies of valid existing agreements or other documents, the authenticity of all the latter documents and that the statements regarding matters of fact in the certificates, records, agreements, instruments and documents that we have examined are accurate and complete.

 

Based upon the above, and subject to the stated assumptions, exceptions and qualifications, we are of the opinion that

 

1.                  The Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Warrant Agreement by the Company against payment of the exercise price therefor, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

 

2.                  The Issued Shares have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

 

3.                  The Secondary Warrants constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

 

4.                  The Secondary Units constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

 

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Vertiv Holdings Co  

 

The opinions expressed above as to enforceability may be subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent conveyance or transfer, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and subject to general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).

 

The opinions expressed above are limited to the laws of the State of New York and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. Our opinion is rendered only with respect to the laws, and the rules, regulations and orders under those laws, that are currently in effect.

 

We hereby consent to use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name under the headings “Legal Matters” contained in the prospectus and the prospectus supplement included in the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required by the Act or the Rules.

 

Very truly yours,

  

PAUL, WEISS, RIFKIND, WHARTON & GARRISON LLP

 

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Exhibit 10.1

 

FORM OF

 

SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT

 

This SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT (this “Subscription Agreement”) is entered into this 10th day of December, 2019, by and among GS Acquisition Holdings Corp, a Delaware corporation (the “Issuer”), and the entity named on the signature page hereto (“Subscriber”).

 

RECITALS

 

WHEREAS, the Issuer, substantially concurrently with the execution of this Subscription Agreement, shall enter into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the “Agreement and Plan of Merger”), by and among the Issuer, Crew Merger Sub I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Issuer, Crew Merger Sub II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Issuer, Vertiv Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), and VPE Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, in substantially the form previously provided to Subscriber;

 

WHEREAS, in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Merger (collectively, the “Transactions”), Subscriber desires to subscribe for and purchase from the Issuer that number of shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class A Shares”), of the Issuer set forth on the signature page hereto (the “Acquired Shares”) for a purchase price of $10.00 per share (the “Per Share Purchase Price”), and for the aggregate purchase price set forth on the signature page hereto (the “Purchase Price”), and the Issuer desires to issue and sell to Subscriber the Acquired Shares in consideration for the payment of the Purchase Price by or on behalf of Subscriber to the Issuer on or prior to the Subscription Closing (as defined below); and

 

WHEREAS, in connection with the Transactions, certain other “accredited investors” (as defined in Rule 501 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”)), have entered into separate subscription agreements with the Issuer (the “Other Subscription Agreements”), pursuant to which such investors have, together with Subscriber pursuant to this Subscription Agreement, agreed to purchase on the Merger Closing Date (as the term Closing Date is defined in the Agreement and Plan of Merger) an aggregate of 123,900,000 Class A Shares at the Per Share Purchase Price.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual representations, warranties and covenants, and subject to the conditions, herein contained, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

 

1. Subscription. Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, Subscriber hereby agrees to subscribe for and purchase from the Issuer, and the Issuer hereby agrees to issue and sell to Subscriber, upon the payment of the Purchase Price, the Acquired Shares (such subscription and issuance, the “Subscription”).

 

 

 

 

2. Subscription Closing.

 

(a) The closing of the Subscription contemplated hereby (the “Subscription Closing”) is intended to occur on the Merger Closing Date substantially concurrent with the Merger Closing (as the term Closing is defined in the Agreement and Plan of Merger) and is contingent upon the occurrence of the Merger Closing. Not less than five (5) business days prior to the scheduled Merger Closing Date, the Issuer shall provide written notice to Subscriber (the “Closing Notice”) of such scheduled Merger Closing Date; provided, that to the extent practicable, the Issuer shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to provide earlier notice of the scheduled Merger Closing Date; and provided further, that the Issuer may delay from time to time the scheduled Merger Closing Date up to five (5) business days following the original scheduled Merger Closing Date identified in the Closing Notice, or such Merger Closing Date as it may be delayed, by written notice to Subscriber if it provides Subscriber with notice of the revised Merger Closing Date no later than twenty-four (24) hours prior to the then scheduled Merger Closing Date. Subscriber shall deliver to the Issuer at least two (2) business days prior to the then scheduled Merger Closing Date identified in the Closing Notice (unless a later time is otherwise agreed by the Issuer), to be held in escrow until the Subscription Closing, the Purchase Price for the Acquired Shares by wire transfer of U.S. dollars in immediately available funds to the account specified by the Issuer in the Closing Notice. Such funds shall be held on behalf of Subscriber until the Subscription Closing in an escrow account by an escrow agent selected by the Issuer, subject to such escrow agent meeting any requirements specified by Subscriber to the Issuer prior to the date hereof. On the Merger Closing Date, the Issuer shall deliver to Subscriber (i) the Acquired Shares in book-entry form, free and clear of any liens or other restrictions whatsoever (other than those arising under state or federal securities laws or as set forth herein), in the name of Subscriber (or its nominee in accordance with its delivery instructions) or to a custodian designated by Subscriber, as applicable, and (ii) a copy of the records of the Issuer’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”) showing Subscriber (or such nominee or custodian) as the owner of the Acquired Shares on and as of the Merger Closing Date. If the Merger Closing does not occur on the same day as the Subscription Closing, the Issuer shall promptly (but not later than one (1) business day thereafter (or two (2) business days thereafter if the Issuer reasonably believes the Merger Closing will occur within two (2) business days after the Merger Closing Date identified in the Closing Notice)) return the Purchase Price to Subscriber by wire transfer of U.S. dollars in immediately available funds to the account specified by Subscriber, and any book-entries shall be deemed cancelled; provided, that the return of the funds shall not terminate this Subscription Agreement or otherwise relieve any party of any of its obligations hereunder (including Subscriber’s obligation to purchase the Acquired Shares at the Subscription Closing).

 

(b) The Subscription Closing shall be subject to the conditions that, on the Merger Closing Date:

 

(i) no suspension by the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) of the qualification of the Acquired Shares for offering or sale or trading in the United States, or initiation or threatening of any proceedings for any of such purposes, shall have occurred;

 

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(ii) all conditions precedent to the closing of the Transactions shall have been satisfied or waived provided that any such waiver is not materially adverse to Subscriber (in its capacity as such) (other than (A) those conditions that by their nature may only be satisfied at the closing of the Transactions, but subject to the satisfaction of such conditions as of the closing of the Transactions, (B) the condition pursuant to Section 8.1(f) of the Agreement and Plan of Merger (solely with respect to the Issuer receiving the proceeds of the Acquired Shares) and (C) the condition pursuant to Section 8.1(g) of the Agreement and Plan of Merger (solely with respect to the Issuer receiving the proceeds of the Acquired Shares));

 

(iii) the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger shall not have been amended, and the rights of the Issuer, Crew Merger Sub I LLC and Crew Merger Sub II LLC thereunder shall not have been waived, in a manner that is materially adverse to Subscriber (in its capacity as such);

 

(iv) solely with respect to Subscriber’s obligation to close, all representations and warranties made by the Issuer in this Subscription Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the Merger Closing Date (other than (i) those representations and warranties expressly made as of an earlier date, which shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such date and (ii) those representations and warranties that are already qualified by materiality or the absence of a Material Adverse Effect (as defined below), which shall be true and correct as of the Merger Closing Date), in each case without giving effect to the consummation of the Transactions;

 

(v) solely with respect to the Issuer’s obligation to close, all representations and warranties made by Subscriber in this Subscription Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the Merger Closing Date (other than (i) those representations and warranties expressly made as of an earlier date, which shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such date and (ii) those representations and warranties that are already qualified by materiality or the absence of a Subscriber Material Adverse Effect (as defined below), which shall be true and correct as of the Merger Closing Date), in each case without giving effect to the consummation of the Transactions;

 

(vi) solely with respect to Subscriber’s obligation to close, the Issuer shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Subscription Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by it at or prior to the Subscription Closing; and

 

(vii) no governmental authority shall have enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered any material judgment, order, law, rule or regulation (whether temporary, preliminary or permanent) which is then in effect and has the effect of making consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby illegal or otherwise preventing or prohibiting consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and no governmental authority shall have threatened in writing a proceeding seeking to impose any such restraint or prohibition.

 

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(c) At the Subscription Closing, the parties hereto shall make reasonable efforts to execute and deliver such additional documents and take such additional actions as the parties reasonably may deem to be necessary in order to consummate the Subscription as contemplated by this Subscription Agreement.

 

(d) For purposes of this Subscription Agreement, “business day” shall mean any day other than (i) any Saturday or Sunday or (ii) any other day on which banks located in New York, New York are required or authorized by applicable law to be closed for business.

 

3. Issuer Representations and Warranties. The Issuer represents and warrants that:

 

(a) The Issuer has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware. Subject to obtaining all required approvals necessary in connection with the performance of the Agreement and Plan of Merger and the consummation of the Transactions (collectively, the “Required Approvals”), the Issuer has all corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and conduct its business as presently conducted and to enter into, deliver and perform its obligations under this Subscription Agreement.

 

(b) As of the Merger Closing Date, the Acquired Shares will be duly authorized by the Issuer and, when issued and delivered to Subscriber against full payment for the Acquired Shares in accordance with the terms of this Subscription Agreement and registered with the Transfer Agent, the Acquired Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and will not have been issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive or similar rights created under the Issuer’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws or under the Delaware General Corporation Law.

 

(c) This Subscription Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Issuer and, assuming that this Subscription Agreement constitutes the valid and binding agreement of Subscriber, is the valid and binding obligation of the Issuer, enforceable against the Issuer in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited or otherwise affected by (i) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or other laws relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally, and (ii) principles of equity, whether considered at law or equity.

 

(d) Subject to obtaining the Required Approvals, the execution, delivery and performance by the Issuer of this Subscription Agreement (including compliance by the Issuer with all of the provisions hereof), and the issuance and sale by the Issuer of the Acquired Shares, will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any of the property or assets of the Issuer pursuant to the terms of (i) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease, license or other agreement or instrument to which the Issuer is a party or by which the Issuer is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Issuer is subject, which would be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the business, properties, financial condition, stockholders’ equity or results of operations of the Issuer (a “Material Adverse Effect”) or materially affect the validity of the Acquired Shares or the legal authority of the Issuer to comply in all material respects with the Issuer’s obligations under this Subscription Agreement; (ii) the organizational documents of the Issuer; or (iii) any statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Issuer or any of its properties that would be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect or materially affect the validity of the Acquired Shares or the legal authority of the Issuer to comply in all material respects with the Issuer’s obligations under this Subscription Agreement.

 

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(e) Other than the Issuer’s Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class B Shares”), there are no securities or instruments issued by or to which the Issuer is a party containing anti-dilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by the issuance of (i) the Acquired Shares or (ii) the shares to be issued pursuant to any Other Subscription Agreement that have not been or will not be validly waived on or prior to the Merger Closing Date; provided, that the holders of the Class B Shares will waive any such anti-dilution or similar provisions in connection with the Transactions.

 

(f) The Issuer is not in default or violation (and no event has occurred which, with notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute a default or violation) of any term, condition or provision of (i) the organizational documents of the Issuer, (ii) any loan or credit agreement, note, bond, mortgage, indenture, lease or other agreement, permit, franchise or license to which the Issuer is now a party or by which the Issuer’s properties or assets are bound or (iii) any statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Issuer or any of its properties, except, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), for defaults or violations that have not had and would not be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(g) The Issuer is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority, self-regulatory organization or other person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Issuer of this Subscription Agreement (including, without limitation, the issuance of the Acquired Shares), other than (i) filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”), (ii) filings required by applicable state securities laws, (iii) filings required in accordance with Section 9(o) of this Subscription Agreement; (iv) filings required by the NYSE, including with respect to obtaining stockholder approval; and (v) the failure of which to obtain would not be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(h) As of the date of this Subscription Agreement, the authorized capital stock of the Issuer consists of (i) 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Preferred Shares”), (ii) 500,000,000 Class A Shares, and (iii) 20,000,000 Class B Shares. As of the date hereof: (i) no Preferred Shares are issued and outstanding, (ii) 69,000,000 Class A Shares are issued and outstanding, (iii) 17,250,000 Class B Shares are issued and outstanding and (iv) warrants to purchase up to 33,533,333 Class A Shares are outstanding.

 

(i) The Issuer has not received any written communication from a governmental entity that alleges that the Issuer is not in compliance with or is in default or violation of any applicable law, except where such non-compliance, default or violation would not be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

 

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(j) The issued and outstanding Class A Shares are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and are listed for trading on the NYSE under the symbol “GSAH”. There is no suit, action, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Issuer, threatened against the Issuer by the NYSE or the Commission, respectively, to prohibit or terminate the listing of the Class A Shares on the NYSE or to deregister the Class A Shares under the Exchange Act. The Issuer has taken no action that is designed to terminate the registration of the Class A Shares under the Exchange Act.

 

(k) Assuming the accuracy of Subscriber’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 4 of this Subscription Agreement, no registration under the Securities Act is required for the offer and sale of the Acquired Shares by the Issuer to Subscriber.

 

(l) Neither the Issuer nor anyone acting on its behalf has offered the Class A Shares or any similar securities for sale to, or solicited any offer to buy any of the same from, or otherwise approached or negotiated in respect thereof with, any person other than Subscriber and other accredited investors, each of which has been offered Class A Shares at a private sale for investment.

 

(m) None of the Issuer nor any of its affiliates has offered Class A Shares or any similar securities during the six months prior to the date hereof to anyone other than in connection with the Transactions and to Subscriber and other investors in connection with the Other Subscription Agreements. Other than the foregoing, the Issuer has no intention to offer Class A Shares or any similar security during the six months from the date hereof other than in connection with the Transactions, including any transactions referenced in the Agreement and Plan of Merger.

 

(n) Neither the Issuer nor any person acting on its behalf has offered or sold the Acquired Shares by any form of general solicitation or general advertising, including, but not limited to, the following: (1) any advertisement, article, notice or other communication published in any newspaper, magazine, or similar media or broadcast over television or radio; (2) any website posting or widely distributed email; or (3) any seminar or meeting whose attendees have been invited by any general solicitation or general advertising.

 

(o) A copy of each form, report, statement, schedule, prospectus, proxy, registration statement and other document, if any, filed by the Issuer with the Commission since its initial registration of the Class A Shares under the Exchange Act (the “SEC Documents”) is available to Subscriber via the Commission’s EDGAR system. None of the SEC Documents contained, when filed or, if amended, as of the date of such amendment with respect to those disclosures that are amended, any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, that with respect to the information about the Company and its affiliates contained in the Schedule 14A and related proxy materials (or other SEC document) to be filed by the Issuer the representation and warranty in this sentence is made to the Issuer’s knowledge. The Issuer has timely filed each report, statement, schedule, prospectus, and registration statement that the Issuer was required to file with the Commission since its initial registration of the Class A Shares under the Exchange Act. There are no material outstanding or unresolved comments in comment letters from the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance (the “Staff”) of the Commission with respect to any of the SEC Documents.

 

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(p) Except for such matters as have not had and would not be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, there is no (i) action, suit, claim or other proceeding, in each case by or before any governmental authority pending, or, to the knowledge of the Issuer, threatened against the Issuer or (ii) judgment, decree, injunction, ruling or order of any governmental entity or arbitrator outstanding against the Issuer.

 

(q) Other than the Agent (as defined below), the Issuer has not dealt with any broker, finder, commission agent, placement agent or arranger in connection with the sale of the Acquired Shares, and the Issuer is not under any obligation to pay any broker’s fee or commission in connection with the sale of the Acquired Shares other than to the Agent. Neither the Issuer nor any of its affiliates nor any other person acting on its behalf (other than its officers acting in such capacity) has solicited offers for, or offered or sold, the Acquired Shares other than through the Agent.

 

(r) Other than the Other Subscription Agreements, the Issuer has not entered into any side letter or similar agreement with any subscriber in connection with such subscriber’s direct or indirect investment in the Issuer or with or any other investor, and such Other Subscription Agreements have not been amended in any material respect following the date of this Subscription Agreement and reflect the same Per Share Purchase Price and terms with respect to the purchase of the Acquired Shares that are no more favorable to such subscriber thereunder than the terms of this Subscription Agreement, except, in each case, for agreements with Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and David M. Cote, and certain of their respective affiliates and related persons.

 

4. Subscriber Representations and Warranties. Subscriber represents and warrants that:

 

(a) If Subscriber is not a natural person, (i) Subscriber has been duly organized, formed or incorporated, as the case may be, and is validly existing in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization, formation or incorporation, as the case may be, with all requisite power and authority to enter into, deliver and perform its obligations under this Subscription Agreement, and (ii) this Subscription Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by Subscriber.

 

(b) If Subscriber is a natural person, (i) Subscriber has all requisite power and authority to enter into, deliver and perform its obligations under this Subscription Agreement, (ii) Subscriber’s signature on this Subscription Agreement is genuine and Subscriber has duly executed and delivered this Subscription Agreement, and (iii) Subscriber has all requisite legal competence and capacity to acquire and hold the Acquired Shares and to execute, deliver and comply with the terms of this Subscription Agreement.

 

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(c) Assuming that this Subscription Agreement constitutes the valid and binding agreement of the Issuer, this Subscription Agreement is the valid and binding obligation of Subscriber, enforceable against Subscriber in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited or otherwise affected by (i) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or other laws relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally, and (ii) principles of equity, whether considered at law or equity.

 

(d) The execution, delivery and performance by Subscriber of this Subscription Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any of the property or assets of Subscriber or, to the best of Subscriber’s knowledge, any of its subsidiaries, if applicable, pursuant to the terms of (i) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease, license or other agreement or instrument to which Subscriber or, if applicable, any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which Subscriber or, if applicable, any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of Subscriber or, if applicable, any of its subsidiaries is subject, which would be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the business, properties or financial condition of Subscriber, or, if applicable, the stockholders’ equity or results of operations of Subscriber or, if applicable, any of its subsidiaries, taken as a whole (a “Subscriber Material Adverse Effect”), or materially affect the legal authority of Subscriber to comply in all material respects with Subscriber’s obligations under this Subscription Agreement, (ii) the organizational documents of Subscriber if Subscriber is not a natural person, or (iii) any statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over Subscriber or, if applicable, any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties that would be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Subscriber Material Adverse Effect or materially affect the legal authority of Subscriber to comply in all material respects with Subscriber’s obligations under this Subscription Agreement.

 

(e) Subscriber is an accredited investor, satisfying the applicable requirements set forth on Schedule A. Subscriber represents that it is purchasing the Acquired Shares for its own account (and not for the account of others) or for one or more separate accounts maintained by it as a fiduciary or agent for the benefit of one or more other accredited investors and not with a view to the distribution thereof in violation of the securities laws; provided, that the disposition of Subscriber’s property shall at all times be within Subscriber’s control. Subscriber understands that the Acquired Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act and may be resold only if registered pursuant to the provisions of the Securities Act or if an exemption from registration is available, except under circumstances where neither such registration nor such an exemption is required by law, and that the Issuer is not required to register the Acquired Shares other than as provided for in Section 5 of this Subscription Agreement. Subscriber further represents and warrants that it will not sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of the Acquired Shares or any interest therein except in a registered transaction or in a transaction exempt from or not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act and except in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Subscription Agreement. Subscriber acknowledges that the Acquired Shares will be subject to transfer restrictions as set forth on Exhibit A to this Subscription Agreement.

 

(f) The purchase of Acquired Shares by Subscriber has not been solicited by or through anyone other than the Issuer or the Agent.

 

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(g) Subscriber acknowledges that the Acquired Shares will not be eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act. Subscriber understands and agrees that the Acquired Shares will be subject to transfer restrictions as set forth on Exhibit A to this Subscription Agreement, unless and until such transfer restrictions have been removed in accordance with Section 5 of this Subscription Agreement and, as a result of these transfer restrictions, Subscriber may not be able to readily resell the Acquired Shares and may be required to bear the financial risk of an investment in the Acquired Shares for an indefinite period of time. Subscriber understands that it has been advised to consult legal counsel prior to making any offer, resale, pledge or transfer of any of the Acquired Shares.

 

(h) Subscriber understands and agrees that Subscriber is purchasing the Acquired Shares directly from the Issuer. Subscriber further acknowledges that there have been no representations, warranties, covenants and agreements made to Subscriber by the Issuer, Subscriber or any of its officers, directors or representatives, expressly or by implication, other than those representations, warranties, covenants and agreements made by the Issuer in this Subscription Agreement.

 

(i) In making its decision to purchase the Acquired Shares, Subscriber represents that it has relied solely upon independent investigation made by Subscriber. Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that Subscriber has received such information as Subscriber deems necessary in order to make an investment decision with respect to the Acquired Shares, including with respect to the Issuer, the Transactions and the Company. Subscriber represents and warrants that Subscriber and Subscriber’s professional advisor(s), if any, were given the opportunity to ask questions and receive answers concerning the terms and conditions of the Subscription and to obtain any additional information which the Issuer possessed or could acquire without unreasonable effort or expense. Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that it has not relied on the Agent or any of the Agent’s affiliates with respect to its decision to purchase the Acquired Shares.

 

(j) Subscriber became aware of the offering of the Acquired Shares solely by means of direct contact between Subscriber and the Issuer or by means of contact from Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, acting as a placement agent for the Issuer (the “Agent”), and the Acquired Shares were offered to Subscriber solely by direct contact between Subscriber and the Issuer or by contact between Subscriber and the Agent. Subscriber did not become aware of this offering of the Acquired Shares, nor were the Acquired Shares offered to Subscriber, by any other means. Subscriber acknowledges that the Issuer represents and warrants that the Acquired Shares (i) were not offered by any form of general solicitation or general advertising and (ii) are not being offered in a manner involving a public offering under, or in a distribution in violation of, the Securities Act, or any state securities laws.

 

(k) Subscriber acknowledges that it is aware that there are substantial risks incident to the purchase and ownership of the Acquired Shares. Subscriber has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of an investment in the Acquired Shares, and Subscriber has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice as Subscriber has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision.

 

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(l) Alone, or together with any professional advisor(s), Subscriber represents and acknowledges that Subscriber has adequately analyzed and fully considered the risks of an investment in the Acquired Shares and determined that the Acquired Shares are a suitable investment for Subscriber and that Subscriber is able at this time and in the foreseeable future to bear the economic risk of a total loss of Subscriber’s investment in the Issuer. Subscriber acknowledges specifically that a possibility of total loss exists.

 

(m) Subscriber understands and agrees that no federal or state agency has passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Acquired Shares or made any findings or determination as to the fairness of this investment.

 

(n) Subscriber represents and warrants that neither Subscriber nor, in the case Subscriber is not a natural person, any of its officers, directors, managers, managing members, general partners or any other individual acting in a similar capacity or carrying out a similar function, is (i) a person or entity named on the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List, the Foreign Sanctions Evaders List, the Sectoral Sanctions Identification List, or any other similar list of sanctioned persons administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, or any similar list of sanctioned persons administered by the European Union or any individual European Union member state, including the United Kingdom (collectively, “Sanctions Lists”); (ii) directly or indirectly owned or controlled by, or acting on behalf of, one or more persons on a Sanctions List; (iii) organized, incorporated, established, located, resident or born in, or a citizen, national, or the government, including any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, of, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, Venezuela, the Crimea region of Ukraine, or any other country or territory embargoed or subject to substantial trade restrictions by the United States, the European Union or any individual European Union member state, including the United Kingdom; (iv) a Designated National as defined in the Cuban Assets Control Regulations, 31 C.F.R. Part 515; or (v) a non-U.S. shell bank or providing banking services indirectly to a non-U.S. shell bank (collectively, a “Prohibited Investor”). Subscriber represents that if it is a financial institution subject to the Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C. Section 5311 et seq.) (the “BSA”), as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (the “PATRIOT Act”), and its implementing regulations (collectively, the “BSA/PATRIOT Act”), that Subscriber maintains policies and procedures reasonably designed to comply with applicable obligations under the BSA/PATRIOT Act. Subscriber also represents that it maintains policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure compliance with sanctions administered by the United States, the European Union, or any individual European Union member state, including the United Kingdom. Subscriber further represents that the funds held by Subscriber and used to purchase the Acquired Shares were legally derived and were not obtained, directly or indirectly, from a Prohibited Investor.

 

(o) If Subscriber is or is acting on behalf of (i) an employee benefit plan that is subject to Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), (ii) a plan, an individual retirement account or other arrangement that is subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), (iii) an entity whose underlying assets are considered to include “plan assets” of any such plan, account or arrangement described in clauses (i) and (ii) (each, an “ERISA Plan”), or (iv) an employee benefit plan that is a governmental plan (as defined in Section 3(32) of ERISA), a church plan (as defined in Section 3(33) of ERISA), a non-U.S. plan (as described in Section 4(b)(4) of ERISA) or other plan that is not subject to the foregoing clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) but may be subject to provisions under any other federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that are similar to such provisions of ERISA or the Code (collectively, “Similar Laws”, and together with ERISA Plans, “Plans”), Subscriber represents and warrants that (A) neither the Issuer nor any of its affiliates (the “Transaction Parties”) has provided investment advice or has otherwise acted as the Plan’s fiduciary, with respect to its decision to acquire and hold the Acquired Shares, and none of the Transaction Parties is or shall at any time be the Plan’s fiduciary with respect to any decision in connection with Subscriber’s investment in the Acquired Shares; (B) the decision to invest in the Acquired Shares has been made at the recommendation or direction of a fiduciary (for purposes of ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code, or any applicable Similar Law) with respect to Subscriber’s investment in the Acquired Shares who is independent of the Transaction Parties; and (C) its purchase of the Acquired Shares will not result is non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, or any applicable Similar Law.

 

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(p) At the Subscription Closing, Subscriber will have sufficient funds to pay the Purchase Price pursuant to Section 2(a) of this Subscription Agreement.

 

5. Registration Rights.

 

(a) Shelf Registration Statement. The Issuer agrees that, as soon as practicable but no later than (i) forty-five (45) calendar days following the Merger Closing Date and (ii) ninety (90) calendar days following the Issuer’s most recent fiscal year end (the date the Registration Statement (as defined below) is actually filed, the “Filing Date”), the Issuer will file with the Commission (at the Issuer’s sole cost and expense) a registration statement registering the resale of the Acquired Shares (the “Registration Statement”), and the Issuer shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to have the Registration Statement declared effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof, but no later than the earlier of (i) the 90th calendar day following the Filing Date if the Commission notifies the Issuer that it will “review” the Registration Statement and (ii) the 10th business day after the date the Issuer is notified in writing by the Commission that the Registration Statement will not be “reviewed” or will not be subject to further review (such earlier date, the “Effectiveness Date”); provided, however, that the Issuer’s obligations to include the Acquired Shares in the Registration Statement are contingent upon Subscriber furnishing in writing to the Issuer such information regarding Subscriber, the securities of the Issuer held by Subscriber and the intended method of disposition of the Acquired Shares as shall be reasonably requested by the Issuer to effect the registration of the Acquired Shares, and Subscriber shall use reasonable efforts to execute such documents in connection with such registration as the Issuer may reasonably request that are customary of a selling stockholder in similar situations, including providing that the Issuer shall be entitled to postpone and suspend the effectiveness or use of the Registration Statement during any customary blackout or similar period or as permitted hereunder. Following the Effectiveness Date, if the transfer restrictions as set forth on Exhibit A to this Subscription Agreement are no longer required by the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws, upon request of Subscriber, the Issuer shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with Subscriber to have such transfer restrictions removed, including providing authorization to the Issuer’s transfer agent.

 

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(i) [Requests for Underwritten Shelf Takedowns. Subject to Section 5(c), at any time and from time to time when an effective Registration Statement is on file with the Commission, Subscriber and, pursuant to corresponding rights under the Other Subscription Agreements with Eligible Subscribers (as defined below) (the “Other Eligible Subscription Agreements”), the Eligible Subscribers party to such Other Eligible Subscription Agreements (collectively with Subscriber, the “Eligible Subscriber Holders”), may request (the requesting Eligible Subscriber Holder, as applicable, a “Demanding Holder”) to sell all or any portion of its Registrable Securities (as defined below) in an underwritten offering that is registered pursuant to the Registration Statement (an “Underwritten Shelf Takedown”); provided that the Issuer shall only be obligated to effect an Underwritten Shelf Takedown if such offering shall include either (x) Registrable Securities proposed to be sold by Subscriber, together with other Demanding Holder(s), with a total offering price reasonably expected to exceed, in the aggregate, $100 million, or (y) all remaining Registrable Securities held by such Demanding Holder ((x) or (y), as applicable, the “Minimum Takedown Threshold”). All requests for Underwritten Shelf Takedowns shall be made by giving written notice to the Issuer, which shall specify the approximate number of Registrable Securities proposed to be sold in the Underwritten Shelf Takedown. Subject to Section 5(a)(iv), the Demanding Holder(s) shall have the right to select the underwriters for such offering (which shall consist of one or more reputable nationally recognized investment banks), subject to the Issuer’s prior approval (which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed). The Eligible Subscriber Holder(s) in the aggregate may demand no more than two (2) Underwritten Shelf Takedowns pursuant to this Section 5(a)(i) in any twelve (12) month period.

 

(1) Reduction of Underwritten Offering. If the managing underwriter or underwriters in an Underwritten Shelf Takedown, in good faith, advises the Issuer, the Demanding Holders(s) and any persons requesting piggyback rights, including, without limitation, under the A&R Registration Rights Agreement (as defined below), this Subscription Agreement or Other Eligible Subscription Agreements, or other separate contractual arrangements with persons or entities (collectively, the “Requesting Piggyback Holders”), with respect to such Underwritten Shelf Takedown (if any) in writing that the dollar amount or number of Registrable Securities that the Demanding Holders desire to sell, taken together with all other Class A Shares or other equity securities that the Requesting Piggyback Holders (if any) and the Issuer desire to sell, exceeds the maximum dollar amount or maximum number of equity securities that can be sold in the underwritten offering without adversely affecting the proposed offering price, the timing, the distribution method, or the probability of success of such offering (such maximum dollar amount or maximum number of such securities, as applicable, the “Maximum Number of Securities”), then the Issuer shall include in such underwritten offering, before including any Class A Shares or other equity securities proposed to be sold by Issuer or by other holders of Class A Shares or other equity securities: (i) first, the aggregate amount or number of Registrable Securities of the Demanding Holders (pro rata based on the respective number of Registrable Securities that each Demanding Holder has requested be included in such Underwritten Shelf Takedown) which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; (ii) second, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clause (i), the aggregate amount or number of Class A Shares or other equity securities, if any, as to which registration or a registered offering has been requested by Requesting Piggyback Holders pursuant to the registration rights set forth in the A&R Registration Rights Agreement (any persons requesting or demanding registration rights pursuant to the A&R Registration Rights Agreement, the “Requesting A&R Holders”) which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; (iii) third, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii), Class A Shares or other equity securities, if any, of Requesting Piggyback Holders exercising their registration rights pursuant to this Subscription Agreement or Other Eligible Subscription Agreements (any persons requesting or demanding registration rights pursuant to this Subscription Agreement or Other Eligible Subscription Agreements, the “Requesting Eligible Subscriber Holders”) (pro rata based on the respective number of registrable securities that each such other Requesting Piggyback Holder has requested be included in such Underwritten Shelf Takedown) which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; (iv) fourth, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), the Class A Shares or other equity securities that the Issuer desires to sell which can be sold that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; and (v) fifth, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clauses (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), Class A Shares or other equity securities, if any, of Requesting Piggyback Holders exercising their registration rights pursuant to other separate contractual arrangements with persons or entities (any persons requesting or demanding registration rights pursuant to such other arrangements, the “Requesting Other Holders”) (pro rata based on the respective number of registrable securities that each such other Requesting Piggyback Holder has requested be included in such Underwritten Shelf Takedown) which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities.

 

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(2) Underwritten Offering Withdrawal. Prior to the filing of the applicable “red herring” prospectus or prospectus supplement used for marketing such Underwritten Shelf Takedown, any Demanding Holder initiating an Underwritten Shelf Takedown shall have the right to withdraw from such Underwritten Shelf Takedown for any or no reason whatsoever upon written notification (a “Withdrawal Notice”) to the Issuer and the underwriter or underwriters (if any) of their intention to withdraw from such Underwritten Shelf Takedown; provided that any remaining Demanding Holders may elect to have the Issuer continue an Underwritten Shelf Takedown if the Minimum Takedown Threshold would still be satisfied by the Registrable Securities proposed to be sold in the Underwritten Shelf Takedown by such remaining Demanding Holders. If withdrawn, a demand for an Underwritten Shelf Takedown shall constitute a demand for an Underwritten Shelf Takedown by the withdrawing Demanding Holder for purposes of Section 5(a)(i), unless such withdrawing Demanding Holder reimburses the Issuer for all Registration Expenses (as defined below) with respect to such Underwritten Shelf Takedown (or, if there is more than one withdrawing Demanding Holder, a pro rata portion of such Registration Expenses based on the respective number of Registrable Securities that each withdrawing Demanding Holder has requested be included in such Underwritten Shelf Takedown); provided that, if any remaining Demanding Holders elect to continue such Underwritten Shelf Takedown pursuant to the proviso in the immediately preceding sentence, such Underwritten Shelf Takedown shall count as an Underwritten Shelf Takedown demanded by such remaining Demanding Holders for purposes of Section 5(a)(i). Following the receipt of any Withdrawal Notice, the Issuer shall promptly forward such Withdrawal Notice to any other persons that had elected to participate in such Underwritten Shelf Takedown. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Issuer shall be responsible for the Registration Expenses incurred in connection with an Underwritten Shelf Takedown prior to its withdrawal under this Section 5(a)(i)(2), other than if a Demanding Holder elects to reimburse the Issuer for such Registration Expenses pursuant to the second sentence of this Section 5(a)(i)(2).

 

(ii) Piggyback Rights. Subject to Section 5(c), if the Issuer proposes to conduct a registered offering of, or if the Issuer proposes to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the registration of, equity securities, or securities or other obligations exercisable or exchangeable for, or convertible into equity securities, for its own account or for the account of stockholders of the Issuer, including, without limitation, pursuant to demands under Section 5(a)(i) of this Subscription Agreements, under any Other Eligible Subscription Agreement, under the A&R Registration Rights Agreement or under any other separate contractual arrangement with other persons or entities (or by the Issuer and by the stockholders of the Issuer including, without limitation, an Underwritten Shelf Takedown), other than a registration statement (or any registered offering with respect thereto) (i) filed in connection with any employee stock option or other benefit plan, (ii) pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-4 (or similar form that relates to a transaction subject to Rule 145 under the Securities Act or any successor rule thereto), (iii) for an offering of debt that is convertible into equity securities of the Issuer, (iv) for a dividend reinvestment plan or (v) for a Block Trade (as defined below), then the Issuer shall give written notice of such proposed offering to all of the Eligible Subscriber Holders of Registrable Securities as soon as practicable but not less than ten (10) days before the anticipated filing date of such Registration Statement or, in the case of an underwritten offering pursuant to a shelf registration, the applicable “red herring” prospectus or prospectus supplement used for marketing such offering, which notice shall (A) describe the amount and type of securities to be included in such offering, the intended method(s) of distribution, and the name of the proposed managing underwriter or underwriters, if any, in such offering, and (B) offer to all of the Eligible Subscriber Holders of Registrable Securities the opportunity to include in such registered offering such number of Registrable Securities as such Eligible Subscriber Holders may request in writing within five (5) days after receipt of such written notice (such registered offering, a “Piggyback Registration”). Subject to Section 5(a)(ii)(1), the Issuer shall, in good faith, cause such Registrable Securities to be included in such Piggyback Registration and, if applicable, shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the managing underwriter or underwriters of such Piggyback Registration to permit the Registrable Securities requested by the Eligible Subscriber Holders pursuant to this Section 5(a)(ii) to be included therein on the same terms and conditions as any similar securities of the Issuer included in such registered offering and to permit the sale or other disposition of such Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method(s) of distribution thereof. The inclusion of any Eligible Subscriber Holder’s Registrable Securities in a Piggyback Registration shall be subject to such Eligible Subscriber Holder’s agreement to enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form with the underwriter(s) selected for such underwritten offering.

 

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(1) Reduction of Piggyback Registration. If the managing underwriter or underwriters in an underwritten offering that is to be a Piggyback Registration, in good faith, advises the Issuer and the Requesting Piggyback Holders pursuant to this Section 5(a)(ii) in writing that the dollar amount or number of Class A Shares or other equity securities that the Issuer desires to sell, taken together with the Class A Shares or other equity securities, if any, as to which registration or a registered offering has been demanded or requested by Requesting A&R Holders, Requesting Eligible Subscriber Holders, including pursuant to Section 5(a)(ii), and Requesting Other Holders, as applicable, exceeds the Maximum Number of Securities, then:

 

    (A)   if the registration or registered offering is undertaken for the Issuer’s account, the Issuer shall include in any such registration or registered offering: (I) first, the Class A Shares or other equity securities that the Issuer desires to sell which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; (II) second, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clause (I), the Class A Shares or other equity securities, if any, as to which registration or a registered offering has been requested pursuant to the piggyback registration rights set forth in the A&R Registration Rights Agreement by Requesting A&R Holders which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; (III) third, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clauses (I) and (II), the registrable securities of Requesting Eligible Subscriber Holders (pro rata, based on the respective number of registrable securities that each Requesting Eligible Subscriber Holder has requested be included in such underwritten offering and the aggregate number of registrable securities that the Requesting Eligible Subscriber Holders have requested to be included in such underwritten offering) which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; and (IV) fourth, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clauses (I), (II) and (III), the registrable securities of Requesting Other Holders (pro rata, based on the respective number of registrable securities that each Requesting Other Holder has requested be included in such underwritten offering and the aggregate number of registrable securities that the Requesting Other Holders have requested to be included in such underwritten offering) which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; and

 

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  (B) if the registration or registered offering is pursuant to a request by a Eligible Subscriber Holder of Registrable Securities pursuant to Section 5(a)(i) hereof, then the Issuer shall include in any such registration or registered offering securities in the priority set forth in Section 5(a)(i)(1); and

 

    (C)   if the registration or registered offering is not undertaken for the Issuer’s or a Eligible Subscriber Holder’s account but is undertaken pursuant to a request or demand by other holders, including under the A&R Registration Rights Agreement (the “Other Demanding Holders”): (I) first, the Class A Shares or other equity securities, if any, of such Other Demanding Holders which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; (II) second, if the Other Demanding Holders are not Requesting A&R Holders, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clause (I), the aggregate amount or number of Class A Shares or other equity securities, if any, as to which registration or a registered offering has been requested pursuant to the piggyback registration rights set forth in the A&R Registration Rights Agreement by the Requesting A&R Holders which can be sold without exceed the Maximum Number of Securities, (III) third, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clauses (I) and (II), the Class A Shares or other equity securities, if any, of the Requesting Eligible Subscriber Holders (pro rata, based on the respective number of registrable securities that each such Requesting Eligible Subscriber Holder has requested be included in such underwritten offering and the aggregate number of registrable securities that the Requesting Eligible Subscriber Holders have requested to be included in such Underwritten Offering) which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; (IV) fourth, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clauses (I), (II) and (III), the Class A Shares or other equity securities that the Issuer desires to sell which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities; and (V) fifth, if the Other Demanding Holders are not Requesting Other Holders, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Securities has not been reached under the foregoing clause (IV), the Class A Shares or other equity securities, if any, of Requesting Other Holders (pro rata, based on the respective number of registrable securities that each such Requesting Other Holder has requested be included in such underwritten offering and the aggregate number of registrable securities that the Requesting Other Holders have requested to be included in such underwritten offering) which can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Securities.

 

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(2) Piggyback Registration Withdrawal. Any Eligible Subscriber Holder of Registrable Securities (other than a Demanding Holder, whose right to withdraw from an Underwritten Shelf Takedown, and related obligations, shall be governed by Section 5(a)(i)(2)) shall have the right to withdraw from a Piggyback Registration for any or no reason whatsoever upon written notification to the Issuer and the underwriter or underwriters (if any) of his, her or its intention to withdraw from such Piggyback Registration prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement filed with the Commission with respect to such Piggyback Registration or, in the case of a Piggyback Registration pursuant to a shelf registration, the filing of the applicable “red herring” prospectus or prospectus supplement with respect to such Piggyback Registration used for marketing such transaction. The Issuer (whether on its own good faith determination or as the result of a request for withdrawal by persons pursuant to separate written contractual obligations) may withdraw a registration statement filed with the Commission in connection with a Piggyback Registration (which, in no circumstance, shall include the Registration Statement) at any time prior to the effectiveness of such registration statement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 5 (other than Section 5(a)(i)(2)), the Issuer shall be responsible for the Registration Expenses incurred in connection with the Piggyback Registration prior to its withdrawal under this Section 5(a)(ii)(2).

 

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(3) Unlimited Piggyback Registration Rights. For purposes of clarity, subject to Section 5(a)(i)(2), any Piggyback Registration effected pursuant to Section 5(a)(ii) hereof shall not be counted as a demand for an Underwritten Shelf Takedown under Section 5(a)(i) hereof.

 

(4) Subscriber Information. Notwithstanding anything in this Section 5 to the contrary, Subscriber may not participate in any underwritten offering pursuant to this Section 5(a)(ii) unless Subscriber (x) agrees to sell Subscriber’s securities on the basis provided in any underwriting arrangements approved by the Issuer and (y) completes and executes all customary questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, lock-up agreements, underwriting agreements and other customary documents as may be reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting arrangements.

 

(iii) Market Stand-off. In connection with any underwritten offering of Class A Shares or other equity securities of the Issuer (other than a Block Trade (as defined below)), each Eligible Subscriber Holder that is an executive officer or director of the Issuer or the beneficial owner of more than five percent (5%) of the outstanding Class A Shares of the Issuer, agrees not to, and to execute a customary lock-up agreement (in each case on substantially the same terms and conditions as all such Eligible Subscriber Holders) in favor of the underwriters to not, sell or dispose of any Class A Shares or other equity securities of the Issuer (other than those included in such offering), without the prior written consent of the Issuer, during the ninety (90)-day period (or such shorter time agreed to by the managing underwriters) beginning on the date of pricing of such offering, except as expressly permitted by such lock-up agreement and in the event the managing underwriters otherwise agree by written consent.

 

(iv) Block Trades. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 5, but subject to Section 5(c), at any time and from time to time when an effective Registration Statement is on file with the Commission, if a Demanding Holder wishes to engage in a Block Trade that includes either (x) Registrable Securities proposed to be sold by such Demanding Holder with a total offering price reasonably expected to exceed $100 million, or (y) all remaining Registrable Securities held by such Demanding Holder, then such Demanding Holder only needs to notify the Issuer of the Block Trade at least five (5) business days prior to the day such offering is to commence and the Issuer shall as expeditiously as possible use its commercially reasonable efforts to facilitate such Block Trade; provided that the Demanding Holders representing a majority of the Registrable Securities wishing to engage in the Block Trade shall use commercially reasonable efforts to work with the Issuer and any underwriters prior to making such request in order to facilitate preparation of the registration statement, prospectus and other offering documentation related to the Block Trade. Prior to the filing of the applicable “red herring” prospectus or prospectus supplement used in connection with a Block Trade, any Demanding Holder initiating such Block Trade shall have the right to submit a Withdrawal Notice to the Issuer and the underwriter or underwriters (if any) of their intention to withdraw from such Block Trade. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 5(a), the Issuer shall be responsible for the Registration Expenses incurred in connection with a Block Trade prior to its withdrawal under this Section 5(a)(iv). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Section 5(a)(ii) shall not apply to a Block Trade initiated by a Demanding Holder. The Demanding Holder in a Block Trade shall have the right to select the underwriters for such Block Trade (which shall consist of one or more reputable nationally recognized investment banks). The Eligible Subscriber Holder(s) in the aggregate may demand no more than two (2) Block Trades pursuant to this Section 5(a)(iv) in any twelve (12) month period. For the avoidance of doubt, any Block Trade effected pursuant to this Section 5(a)(iv) shall not be counted as a demand for an Underwritten Shelf Takedown pursuant to Section 5(a)(i) hereof.

 

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(v) All Registration Expenses shall be borne by the Issuer. It is acknowledged that Subscriber shall bear, with respect to Subscriber’s Registrable Securities being sold, all underwriters’ commissions and discounts, brokerage fees and, other than as set forth in the definition of “Registration Expenses,” all reasonable fees and expenses of any legal counsel representing Subscriber.

 

(vi) As used in this Section 5, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

 

(1) “A&R Registration Rights Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Agreement and Plan of Merger.

 

(2) “Block Trade” means an underwritten registered offering not involving a “roadshow,” commonly known as a “block trade.”

 

(3) “Eligible Subscriber” means a subscriber that, together with its Affiliates (as defined herein), purchased pursuant to this Subscription Agreement or any Other Subscription Agreement, Class A Shares with an aggregate purchase price in excess of $100 million.

 

(4) “Registration Expenses” shall mean the out-of-pocket expenses of a Registration, including, without limitation, the following: (A) all registration and filing fees (including fees with respect to filings required to be made with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.) and any national securities exchange on which the Class A Shares are then listed; (B) fees and expenses of compliance with securities or blue sky laws (including reasonable fees and disbursements of outside counsel for the underwriters in connection with blue sky qualifications of Registrable Securities); (C) printing, messenger, telephone and delivery expenses; (D) reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Issuer; (E) reasonable fees and disbursements of all independent registered public accountants of the Issuer incurred specifically in connection with such registration; and (F) reasonable fees and expenses of one (1) legal counsel selected by the Demanding Holders in an underwritten Offering.

 

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(5) “Registrable Security” shall mean any of the Acquired Shares until the earliest to occur of: (A) a registration statement with respect to the sale of any such Acquired Shares shall have become effective under the Securities Act and such securities shall have been sold, transferred, disposed of or exchanged in accordance with such registration statement; (B) any such Acquired Shares shall have ceased to be outstanding; (C) any such Acquired Shares have been sold without registration pursuant to Rule 144 (or any successor rule promulgated thereafter by the Commission); and (D) any such Acquired Shares have been sold to, or through, a broker, dealer or underwriter in a public distribution or other public securities transaction.]1

 

(b) Registration Cooperation. At its expense the Issuer shall:

 

(i) except for such times as the Issuer is permitted hereunder to suspend the use of the prospectus forming part of a Registration Statement, use its commercially reasonable efforts to keep such registration, and any qualification, exemption or compliance under state securities laws which the Issuer determines to obtain, continuously effective with respect to Subscriber, and to keep the applicable Registration Statement or any subsequent shelf registration statement free of any material misstatements or omissions, until the earlier of the following: (i) Subscriber ceases to hold any Registrable Securities, and (ii) two (2) years from the Effectiveness Date; provided that the provisions under Section 5(a)(i)-(iv) of this Subscription Agreement shall terminate on the first anniversary of the Merger Closing Date. The period of time during which the Issuer is required hereunder to keep a Registration Statement effective is referred to herein as the “Registration Period”;

 

(ii) advise Subscriber within two (2) business days:

 

(1) when a Registration Statement or any amendment thereto has been filed with the Commission and when such Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto has become effective;

 

(2) of any request by the Commission for amendments or supplements to any Registration Statement or the prospectus included therein or for additional information;

 

(3) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of any Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for such purpose;

 

(4) of the receipt by the Issuer of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification of the Acquired Shares included therein for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; and

 

 

 

1 Applies only to subscribers with a Purchase Price in excess of $100 million and Section 3(r) for subscribers of $100 million or less provides for an exception for these registration rights.

 

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(5) subject to the provisions in this Subscription Agreement, of the occurrence of any event that requires the making of any changes in any Registration Statement or prospectus so that, as of such date, the statements therein are not misleading and do not omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of a prospectus, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading.

 

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the Issuer shall not, when so advising Subscriber of such events, provide Subscriber with any material, nonpublic information regarding the Issuer other than to the extent that providing notice to Subscriber of the occurrence of the events listed in (1) through (5) above constitutes material, nonpublic information regarding the Issuer;

 

(iii) use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the withdrawal of any order suspending the effectiveness of any Registration Statement as soon as reasonably practicable;

 

(iv) upon the occurrence of any event contemplated in Section 5(b)(ii)(5), except for such times as the Issuer is permitted hereunder to suspend, and has suspended, the use of a prospectus forming part of a Registration Statement, the Issuer shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to as soon as reasonably practicable prepare a post-effective amendment to such Registration Statement or a supplement to the related prospectus, or file any other required document so that, as thereafter delivered to purchasers of the Acquired Shares included therein, such prospectus will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

 

(v) use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause all Acquired Shares to be listed on each national securities exchange (within the meaning of the Exchange Act), if any, on which the Class A Shares issued by the Issuer have been listed;

 

(vi) use its commercially reasonable efforts to take all other steps necessary to effect the registration of the Acquired Shares as required hereby;

 

(vii) use its commercially reasonable efforts to allow Subscriber to review disclosure regarding Subscriber in the Registration Statement; and

 

(viii) [in the case of (x) an Underwritten Shelf Takedown, (y) a Block Trade or (z) in the case of clauses (1), (2), (3) and (5) below, a sale by an Eligible Subscriber Holder effected or executed through a broker, placement agent or sales agent (subject to such broker, placement agent or sales agent providing such certifications or representations reasonably requested by the Issuer’s independent registered public accountants and the Issuer’s counsel): (1) request the Issuer’s independent registered public accountants to provide a “cold comfort” letter, in customary form and covering such matters of the type customarily covered by “cold comfort” letters, and reasonably satisfactory to a majority-in-interest of the participating Eligible Subscriber Holders and the applicable broker, placement agent or sales agent, if any, and the underwriters, if any; (2) request the Issuer’s counsel to provide an opinion and negative assurance letter with respect to such offering addressed to the participating Eligible Subscriber Holders and to the broker, placement agent or sales agent, if any, and the underwriters, if any, covering such legal matters with respect to the offering in respect of which such opinion is being given as the participating Eligible Subscriber Holders, or such broker, placement agent, sales agent or underwriters, may reasonably request and as are customarily included in such opinions and negative assurance letters, and reasonably satisfactory to a majority-in-interest of the participating Eligible Subscriber Holders and the applicable broker, placement agent or sales agent, if any, and the underwriters, if any; (3) enter into and perform its obligations under an underwriting agreement or distribution agreement, in usual and customary form, with the managing underwriter, broker, placement agent or sales agent of such offering or sale; (4) in the case of an Underwritten Shelf Takedown, use its reasonable efforts to make available senior executives of the Issuer to participate in customary “road show” presentations that may be reasonably requested by the managing underwriter; and (5) otherwise, in good faith, cooperate reasonably with, and take such customary actions as may reasonably be requested by the participating Eligible Subscriber Holders and the broker, placement agent or sales agent, if any, and underwriters, if any, as applicable, in connection with such offering or sale.]2

 

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(c) Suspension Event. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Subscription Agreement, the Issuer shall be entitled to delay or postpone the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and any other registration statement referred to in this Section 5, and from time to time to require Subscriber not to sell under the Registration Statement or such other registration statement, as applicable, or to suspend the effectiveness thereof, if the negotiation or consummation of a transaction by the Issuer or its subsidiaries is pending or an event has occurred, which negotiation, consummation or event the Issuer’s board of directors reasonably believes, upon the advice of legal counsel, would require additional disclosure by the Issuer in the Registration Statement of material information that the Issuer has a bona fide business purpose for keeping confidential and the non-disclosure of which in the Registration Statement would be expected, in the reasonable determination of the Issuer’s board of directors, upon the advice of legal counsel, to cause the Registration Statement or such other registration statement, as applicable, to fail to comply with applicable disclosure requirements (each such circumstance, a “Suspension Event”); providedhowever, that the Issuer may not delay or suspend a particular registration statement on more than two (2) occasions, for more than sixty (60) consecutive calendar days, or more than ninety (90) total calendar days, in each case during any twelve-month period. Upon receipt of any written notice from the Issuer of the happening of any Suspension Event during the period that the Registration Statement or such other registration statement, as applicable, is effective or if as a result of a Suspension Event the Registration Statement or such other registration statement or related prospectus contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of a prospectus, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading, Subscriber agrees that (i) it will immediately discontinue offers and sales of the Acquired Shares under the Registration Statement or such other registration statement (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, sales conducted pursuant to Rule 144) until Subscriber receives copies of a supplemental or amended prospectus (which the Issuer agrees to promptly prepare) that corrects the misstatement(s) or omission(s) referred to above and receives notice that any post-effective amendment has become effective or unless otherwise notified by the Issuer that it may resume such offers and sales, and (ii) it will maintain the confidentiality of any information included in such written notice delivered by the Issuer unless otherwise required by law or subpoena. If so directed by the Issuer, Subscriber will deliver to the Issuer or, in Subscriber’s sole discretion destroy, all copies of the prospectus covering the Acquired Shares in Subscriber’s possession; provided, however, that this obligation to deliver or destroy all copies of the prospectus covering the Acquired Shares shall not apply (i) to the extent Subscriber is required to retain a copy of such prospectus (a) in order to comply with applicable legal, regulatory, self-regulatory or professional requirements or (b) in accordance with a bona fide pre-existing document retention policy or (ii) to copies stored electronically on archival servers as a result of automatic data back-up.

 

 

2 Applies only to subscribers with a Purchase Price in excess of $100 million.

 

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(d) Opt-Out Notice. Subscriber may deliver written notice (including via email in accordance with Section 9(l) of this Subscription Agreement) (an “Opt-Out Notice”) to the Issuer requesting that Subscriber not receive notices from the Issuer otherwise required by this Section 5providedhowever, that Subscriber may later revoke any such Opt-Out Notice in writing. Following receipt of an Opt-Out Notice from Subscriber (unless subsequently revoked), (i) the Issuer shall not deliver any such notices to Subscriber and Subscriber shall no longer be entitled to the rights associated with any such notice and (ii) each time prior to Subscriber’s intended use of an effective registration statement, Subscriber will notify the Issuer in writing at least two (2) business days in advance of such intended use, and if a notice of a Suspension Event was previously delivered (or would have been delivered but for the provisions of this Section 5(d)) and the related suspension period remains in effect, the Issuer will so notify Subscriber, within one (1) business day of Subscriber’s notification to the Issuer, by delivering to Subscriber a copy of such notice of Suspension Event that would have been provided, and thereafter will provide Subscriber with the related notice of the conclusion of such Suspension Event immediately upon its availability, and Subscriber shall comply with any restrictions on using such Registration Statement during such Suspension Event.

 

(e) Subscriber Indemnification. The Issuer agrees to indemnify and hold Subscriber, each person, if any, who controls Subscriber within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, and each affiliate of Subscriber within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act, and each underwriter pursuant to the applicable underwriting agreement with such underwriter, and each broker, placement agent or sales agent to or through which Subscriber effects or executes the resale of any Acquired Shares (collectively, the “Subscriber Indemnified Parties”), harmless against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with defending or investigating any such action or claim) incurred by Subscriber directly that are caused by any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or any other registration statement which covers Registrable Securities of Subscriber (including, in each case, the prospectus contained therein) or any amendment thereof (including the prospectus contained therein) or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein (in the case of a prospectus, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made), not misleading, except insofar as the same are caused by or contained in any information or affidavit so furnished in writing to the Issuer by Subscriber expressly for use therein.

 

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(f) Issuer Indemnification. Subscriber agrees to, severally and not jointly with any other accredited investor that is a party to the Other Subscription Agreements, indemnify and hold harmless the Issuer, each person, if any, who controls the Issuer within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, and each affiliate of the Issuer within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act, and each underwriter pursuant to the applicable underwriting agreement with such underwriter, and each broker, placement agent or sales agent to or through which Subscriber effects or executes the resale of any Acquired Shares (collectively, the “Issuer Indemnified Parties”), harmless against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with defending or investigating any such action or claim) incurred by the Issuer directly that are caused by any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or any other registration statement which covers Registrable Securities of Subscriber (including, in each case, the prospectus contained therein) or any amendment thereof (including the prospectus contained therein) or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein (in the case of a prospectus, in light of the circumstances under which they were made), not misleading, insofar as the same are caused by or contained in any information or affidavit so furnished in writing to the Issuer by Subscriber expressly for use therein. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Subscriber’s indemnification obligations under this Section 5(f), in the aggregate, will not exceed the Purchase Price.

 

6. Termination. This Subscription Agreement shall terminate and be void and of no further force and effect, and all rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall terminate without any further liability on the part of any party in respect thereof, upon the earliest to occur of (a) such date and time as the Agreement and Plan of Merger is terminated in accordance with its terms, (b) upon the mutual written agreement of each of the parties hereto to terminate this Subscription Agreement, (c) if any of the conditions to the Subscription Closing set forth in Section 2 of this Subscription Agreement are not satisfied on or prior to the Subscription Closing and, as a result thereof, the transactions contemplated by this Subscription Agreement are not consummated at the Subscription Closing, (d) the Outside Date (as defined in the Agreement and Plan of Merger and as may be extended as described therein) if the Merger Closing has not occurred on or before such date and (e) the first anniversary of the date of this Subscription Agreement if the Merger Closing and the Subscription Closing have not occurred on or before such first anniversary; provided, that nothing herein will relieve any party from liability for any willful breach hereof prior to the time of termination, and each party will be entitled to any remedies at law or in equity to recover losses, liabilities or damages arising from such breach. The Issuer shall promptly notify Subscriber of the termination of the Agreement and Plan of Merger (other than such a termination as a result of the Merger Closing thereunder).

 

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7. Trust Account Waiver. Subscriber acknowledges that the Issuer is a blank check company with the powers and privileges to effect a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination involving the Issuer and one or more businesses. Subscriber further acknowledges that, as described in the Issuer’s prospectus relating to its initial public offering dated June 7, 2018, available at www.sec.gov, substantially all of the Issuer’s assets consist of the cash proceeds of the Issuer’s initial public offering and private placements of its securities, and substantially all of those proceeds have been deposited in a trust account (the “Trust Account”) for the benefit of the Issuer, its public stockholders and the underwriters of the Issuer’s initial public offering. For and in consideration of the Issuer entering into this Subscription Agreement, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Subscriber, on behalf of itself and its affiliates and representatives, hereby irrevocably waives any and all right, title and interest, or any claim of any kind they have or may have in the future as a result of, or arising out of, this Subscription Agreement, in or to any monies held in the Trust Account, and agrees not to seek recourse or make or bring any action, suit, claim or other proceeding against the Trust Account as a result of, or arising out of, this Subscription Agreement, the transactions contemplated hereby or the Acquired Shares, regardless of whether such claim arises based on contract, tort, equity or any other theory of legal liability. Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that it shall not have any redemption rights with respect to the Acquired Shares pursuant to the Issuer’s organizational documents in connection with the Transactions or any other business combination, any subsequent liquidation of the Trust Account or the Issuer or otherwise. In the event Subscriber has any claim against the Issuer as a result of, or arising out of, this Subscription Agreement, the transactions contemplated hereby or the Acquired Shares, it shall pursue such claim solely against the Issuer and its assets outside the Trust Account and not against the Trust Account or any monies or other assets in the Trust Account; provided, however, that nothing in this Section 7 shall be deemed to limit Subscriber’s right, title, interest or claim to the Trust Account by virtue of Subscriber’s record or beneficial ownership of Class A Shares of the Issuer acquired by any means other than pursuant to this Subscription Agreement.

 

8. Issuer’s Covenants. With a view to making available to Subscriber the benefits of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act or any other similar rule or regulation of the Commission that may at any time permit Subscriber to sell securities of the Issuer to the public without registration, the Issuer agrees, until the Acquired Shares are sold by Subscriber, to:

 

(a) make and keep public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144;

 

(b) file with the Commission in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Issuer under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act so long as the Issuer remains subject to such requirements and the filing of such reports and other documents is required for the applicable provisions of Rule 144;

 

(c) furnish to Subscriber so long as it owns the Acquired Shares, as promptly as practicable upon request, (x) a written statement by the Issuer, if true, that it has complied with the reporting requirements of Rule 144, the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, (y) a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of the Issuer and such other reports and documents so filed by the Issuer with the Commission and (z) such other information as may be reasonably requested to permit Subscriber to sell such securities pursuant to Rule 144 without registration; and

 

24

 

 

(d) in connection with a sale by Subscriber pursuant to Rule 144, if the transfer restrictions as set forth on Exhibit A to this Subscription Agreement are no longer required by the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws, upon request of Subscriber, the Issuer shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with Subscriber to have such transfer restrictions removed, including providing authorization to the Issuer’s transfer agent.

 

9. Miscellaneous.

 

(a) Subscriber acknowledges that the Issuer and others and the Issuer acknowledges that Subscriber and others will rely on the acknowledgments, understandings, agreements, representations and warranties contained in this Subscription Agreement. Prior to the Subscription Closing, Subscriber and the Issuer agree to promptly notify the other party if it becomes aware that any of the acknowledgments, understandings, agreements, representations and warranties set forth herein are no longer accurate in all material respects.

 

(b) Each of the Issuer and Subscriber is entitled to rely upon this Subscription Agreement and is irrevocably authorized to produce this Subscription Agreement or a copy hereof to any interested party in any administrative or legal proceeding or official inquiry with respect to the matters covered hereby. Disclosure of Subscriber’s name shall be subject to the notice provisions set forth in Section 9(o) of this Subscription Agreement.

 

(c) Neither this Subscription Agreement nor any rights that may accrue to Subscriber hereunder may be transferred or assigned (other than the transfer and assignment of (i) the Acquired Shares acquired hereunder, if any, subsequent to Subscriber’s purchase of such Acquired Shares at the Subscription Closing and in accordance with Subscriber’s representations and warranties herein; (ii) any or all of Subscriber’s rights and obligations under this Subscription Agreement to its Affiliates, subject to, if such transfer or assignment is prior to the Subscription Closing, such Affiliates executing a subscription agreement in substantially the same form as this Subscription Agreement, including with respect to the Purchase Price and other terms and conditions; and (iii) after the Subscription Closing, the Subscriber’s rights pursuant to Section 5Section 8 and Section 9 of this Subscription Agreement to any purchaser of the Acquired Shares that receives the Acquired Shares without the removal of the transfer restrictions set forth on Exhibit A of this Subscription Agreement). “Affiliates” for the purpose of this Section 9(c) means persons directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with, such person; provided, that the foregoing shall not include portfolio or other operating companies of Subscriber or any of the foregoing persons. Neither this Subscription Agreement nor any rights that may accrue to the Issuer hereunder may be transferred or assigned by the Issuer.

 

(d) All the agreements, representations and warranties made by each party hereto in this Subscription Agreement shall survive the Subscription Closing.

 

(e) The Issuer may request from Subscriber such additional information as may be reasonably necessary to evaluate the eligibility of Subscriber to acquire the Acquired Shares and to comply with the Issuer’s registration obligations under Section 5 of this Subscription Agreement, and Subscriber shall take reasonable efforts to provide such information as may be reasonably requested, to the extent readily available and to the extent consistent with its internal policies and procedures.

 

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(f) This Subscription Agreement may not be modified, waived or terminated except by an instrument in writing, signed by the party against whom enforcement of such modification, waiver, or termination is sought.

 

(g) This Subscription Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Subscription Agreement shall not confer any rights or remedies upon any person other than the parties hereto, and their respective successors and assigns; provided, that the parties acknowledge and agree that the Subscriber Indemnified Parties and the Issuer Indemnified Parties shall each be a third-party beneficiary to this Subscription Agreement with respect to Section 5(e) and Section 5(f), respectively, of this Subscription Agreement, and that the Agent shall be a third-party beneficiary of the representations and warranties of Subscriber contained in Section 4 of this Subscription Agreement, and in each case with respect thereto shall be entitled to the rights and benefits hereunder and may enforce the provisions hereof as if it were a party hereto.

 

(h) Subject to Section 9(c), and except as otherwise provided herein, this Subscription Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives, and permitted assigns, and the agreements, representations, warranties, covenants and acknowledgments contained herein shall be deemed to be made by, and be binding upon, such heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns.

 

(i) If any provision of this Subscription Agreement shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality or enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Subscription Agreement shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and shall continue in full force and effect.

 

(j) This Subscription Agreement may be executed in one (1) or more counterparts (including by electronic means), all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when one (1) or more counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to the other parties, it being understood that all parties need not sign the same counterpart. Delivery by facsimile or electronic transmission to counsel for the other parties of a counterpart executed by a party shall be deemed to meet the requirements of the previous sentence.

 

(k) Subscriber shall pay all of its own expenses in connection with this Subscription Agreement and the transactions contemplated herein.

 

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(l) Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given (i) on the date established by the sender as having been delivered personally; (ii) one (1) business day after being sent by an internationally recognized overnight courier guaranteeing overnight delivery; or (iii) on the date delivered, if delivered by facsimile or email, with confirmation of transmission. Such communications, to be valid, must be addressed as follows:

 

(1) if to Subscriber, to such address or addresses set forth on the signature page hereto;

 

(2) if to the Issuer, to:

 

GS Acquisition Holdings Corp

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

Attention:         Raanan A. Agus

                          David S. Plutzer

Email:               raanan.agus@gs.com

                          david.plutzer@gs.com

 

with a copy to (which copy shall not constitute notice):

 

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

Four Times Square

New York, New York 10036

Attention:         Howard L. Ellin

                          C. Michael Chitwood

Email:                howard.ellin@skadden.com

                           michael.chitwood@skadden.com

 

(m) This Subscription Agreement, and any action, suit, dispute, controversy or claim arising out of this Subscription Agreement or the validity, interpretation, breach or termination of this Subscription Agreement, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware regardless of the law that might otherwise govern under applicable principles of conflicts of law thereof.

 

(n) Each of the parties irrevocably consents to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the courts of the State of Delaware or the federal courts located in the State of Delaware in connection with any matter based upon or arising out of this Subscription Agreement, agrees that process may be served upon them in any manner authorized by the laws of the State of Delaware for such person and waives and covenants not to assert or plead any objection which they might otherwise have to such manner of service of process. Each party and any person asserting rights as a third-party beneficiary may do so only if he, she or it hereby waives, and shall not assert as a defense in any legal dispute, that: (a) such person is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of the above named courts for any reason; (b) such Legal Proceeding (as defined in the Agreement and Plan of Merger) may not be brought or is not maintainable in such court; (c) such person’s property is exempt or immune from execution; (d) such Legal Proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum; or (e) the venue of such Legal Proceeding is improper. Each party and any person asserting rights as a third-party beneficiary hereby agrees not to commence or prosecute any such action, claim, cause of action or suit other than before one of the above-named courts, nor to make any motion or take any other action seeking or intending to cause the transfer or removal of any such action, claim, cause of action or suit to any court other than one of the above-named courts, whether on the grounds of inconvenient forum or otherwise. Each party hereby consents to service of process in any such proceeding in any manner permitted by Delaware law, and further consents to service of process by nationally recognized overnight courier service guaranteeing overnight delivery, or by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, at its address specified pursuant to Section 9(l) of this Subscription Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section 9(n), any party may commence any action, claim, cause of action or suit in a court other than the above-named courts solely for the purpose of enforcing an order or judgment issued by one of the above-named courts.

 

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TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY APPLICABLE LAW WHICH CANNOT BE WAIVED, EACH OF THE PARTIES AND ANY PERSON ASSERTING RIGHTS AS A THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARY MAY DO SO ONLY IF HE, SHE OR IT IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY ON ANY CLAIMS OR COUNTERCLAIMS ASSERTED IN ANY LEGAL DISPUTE RELATING TO THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND FOR ANY COUNTERCLAIM RELATING THERETO, IN EACH CASE WHETHER NOW EXISTING OR HEREAFTER ARISING. IF THE SUBJECT MATTER OF ANY SUCH LEGAL DISPUTE IS ONE IN WHICH THE WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL IS PROHIBITED, NO PARTY NOR ANY PERSON ASSERTING RIGHTS AS A THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARY SHALL ASSERT IN SUCH LEGAL DISPUTE A NONCOMPULSORY COUNTERCLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT. FURTHERMORE, NO PARTY NOR ANY PERSON ASSERTING RIGHTS AS A THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARY SHALL SEEK TO CONSOLIDATE ANY SUCH LEGAL DISPUTE WITH A SEPARATE ACTION OR OTHER LEGAL PROCEEDING IN WHICH A JURY TRIAL CANNOT BE WAIVED.

 

(o) The Issuer shall, no later than 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on the first (1st) business day immediately following the date of this Subscription Agreement, (i) file a proxy statement with the Commission (substantially in the form of which has previously been provided to Subscriber); and (ii) issue one or more press releases or file with the Commission a Current Report on Form 8-K (collectively, the “Disclosure Document”) disclosing all material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, the Transactions and any other material, nonpublic information that the Issuer has provided to Subscriber at any time prior to the filing of the Disclosure Document. From and after the issuance of the Disclosure Document, to the Issuer’s knowledge, Subscriber shall not be in possession of any material, non-public information received from the Issuer or any of its officers, directors or employees. Notwithstanding anything in this Subscription Agreement to the contrary, each party hereto acknowledges and agrees that without the prior written consent of the other party hereto it will not publicly make reference to such other party or any of its affiliates (i) in connection with the Transactions or this Subscription Agreement or (ii) in any promotional materials, media, or similar circumstances, except, in each case, as required by law or regulation or at the request of the Staff of the Commission or regulatory agency or under the regulations of the NYSE, including, in the case of the Issuer (a) as required by the federal securities law in connection with the Registration Statement, (b) the filing of this Subscription Agreement (or a form of this Subscription Agreement) with the Commission and (c) the filing of the Schedule 14A and related proxy materials to be filed by the Issuer with respect to the Transactions.

 

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(p) Except as expressly set forth in this Subscription Agreement, no former, current or future equity holders, controlling persons, directors, officers, employees, agents, affiliates, members, managers, general or limited partners, representatives or assignees of Subscriber or any former, current or future equity holder, controlling person, director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate, member, manager, general or limited partner, representative or assignee of any of the foregoing, shall have any obligation to the Issuer or to any other person hereunder in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

[Signature pages follow]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the Issuer and Subscriber has executed or caused this Subscription Agreement to be executed by its duly authorized representative as of the date set forth below.

 

  GS ACQUISITION HOLDINGS CORP
     
  By:
    Name:
    Title:

 

[Signature Page to Subscription Agreement]

 

 

 

 

SUBSCRIBER:  
     
[•]    
   
By:                  
Name:  
Title:  

(Please print. Please indicate name and capacity of person signing above)  
     
Address:    
     
Facsimile:    
Email:    
Attention:    
EIN:    

 

Aggregate Number of Acquired Shares subscribed for:                     

 

Aggregate Purchase Price: $                                        

 

Name in which securities are to be registered (if different):                                         

 

You must pay the Purchase Price by wire transfer of United States dollars in immediately available funds to the account specified by the Issuer in the Closing Notice.

 

 

 

 

SCHEDULE A

 

ELIGIBILITY REPRESENTATIONS OF SUBSCRIBER

 

This page should be completed by Subscriber

and constitutes a part of the Subscription Agreement.

 

A. ACCREDITED INVESTOR STATUS

(Please check the applicable subparagraphs):

 

  ¨ We/I are/am an “accredited investor” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act) or an entity in which all of the equity holders are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act, and have marked and initialed the appropriate box or boxes below indicating the provision(s) under which we/I qualify as an “accredited investor.”

 

B. AFFILIATE STATUS

(Please check the applicable box)

 

SUBSCRIBER:

 

  ¨ is:

 

  ¨ is not:

 

an “affiliate” (as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act) of the Issuer or acting on behalf of an affiliate of the Issuer.

 

Rule 501(a), in relevant part, states that an “accredited investor” shall mean any person who comes within any of the below listed categories, or who the issuer reasonably believes comes within any of the below listed categories, at the time of the sale of the securities to that person. Subscriber has indicated, by marking and initialing the appropriate box below, the provision(s) below which apply to Subscriber and under which Subscriber accordingly qualifies as an “accredited investor.”

 

¨ Any bank as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act, or any savings and loan association or other institution as defined in Section 3(a)(5)(A) of the Securities Act whether acting in its individual or fiduciary capacity;

 

¨ Any broker or dealer registered pursuant to Section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;

 

¨ Any insurance company as defined in Section 2(a)(13) of the Securities Act;

 

¨ Any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 or a business development company as defined in Section 2(a)(48) of that Act;

 

¨ Any Small Business Investment Company licensed by the U.S. Small Business Administration under Section 301(c) or (d) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958;

 

 

 

 

¨ Any plan established and maintained by a state, its political subdivisions, or any agency or instrumentality of a state or its political subdivisions, for the benefit of its employees, if such plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000;

 

¨ Any employee benefit plan within the meaning of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 if the investment decision is made by a plan fiduciary, as defined in Section 3(21) of such act, which is either a bank, savings and loan association, insurance company, or registered investment adviser, or if the employee benefit plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000 or, if a self-directed plan, with investment decisions made solely by persons that are accredited investors;

 

¨ Any private business development company as defined in Section 202(a)(22) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940;

 

¨ Any natural person whose individual net worth, or joint net worth with that person’s spouse, exceeds $1,000,000, with net worth calculated as set forth by Rule 501(a)(5)(i) under the Securities Act;

 

¨ Any natural person who has an individual income in excess of $200,000 in each of the two most recent years or joint income with that person’s spouse in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year;

 

¨ Any organization described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, corporation, Massachusetts or similar business trust, or partnership, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000; or

 

¨ Any trust, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, whose purchase is directed by a sophisticated person as described in Rule 506(b)(2)(ii).

 

 

 

 

Exhibit A

 

NO TRANSFER, SALE, ASSIGNMENT, PLEDGE, HYPOTHECATION OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF THE ACQUIRED SHARES OR ANY INTEREST OR PARTICIPATION THEREIN MAY BE MADE EXCEPT (A) PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 (THE “ACT”) OR (B) PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS AND, IN THE CASE OF CLAUSE (B), UNLESS, IF THE ISSUER REQUESTS, THE ISSUER RECEIVES AN OPINION OF COUNSEL IN FORM AND SUBSTANCE REASONABLY SATISFACTORY TO THE ISSUER TO THE EFFECT THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER THE ACT.

 

Any transferee of the Acquired Shares or any interest therein, by its acceptance thereof, shall be deemed to have made the representations set forth in Section 4 of the Subscription Agreement (other than the representations set forth in Section 4(f), the first two sentences of Section 4(j) and Section 4(p)). The Issuer shall not be required to register the transfer of any Acquired Shares to any transferee unless the Issuer receives from the proposed transferee a written instrument in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Issuer in which such transferee makes the representations and warranties set forth in Section 4 of the Subscription Agreement (other than the representations set forth in Section 4(f), the first two sentences of Section 4(j) and Section 4(p)) and, if the Issuer so requests, an opinion of counsel in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Issuer to the effect that registration under the Securities Act is not required in connection with such transfer; provided, that no opinion of counsel will be required for a pledge of the Acquired Shares if the Issuer receives a representation from the pledgor and pledgee that the pledge is a bona fide pledge and, in the event that the pledgee acquires the shares that are the subject of the pledge, the pledgee agrees to the representations and warranties set forth in Section 4 of the Subscription Agreement. The foregoing shall not apply to any sale of the Acquired Shares made in accordance with Rule 144; provided, that the transferor of the Acquired Shares provides to the Issuer such representations with respect to compliance as is reasonably requested by the Issuer.

 

 

 

Exhibit 10.12

 

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT TRUST AGREEMENT

 

This Investment Management Trust Agreement (this “Agreement”) is made effective as of June 7, 2018, by and between GS Acquisition Holdings Corp, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association (the “Trustee”).

 

WHEREAS, the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-225035 (the “Registration Statement”) for the initial public offering of the Company’s units (the “Units”), each of which consists of one share of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), and one-third of one warrant, each whole warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one share of Common Stock (such initial public offering hereinafter referred to as the “Offering”), has been declared effective as of the date hereof by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”); and

 

WHEREAS, the Company has entered into an Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, as representative (the “Representative”) of the several underwriters (the “Underwriters”) named therein, and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. as qualified independent underwriter; and

 

WHEREAS, as described in the Registration Statement, $6,000,000 of the gross proceeds of the Offering and sale of the Private Placement Warrants (as defined in the Underwriting Agreement) (or $690,000,000 if the Underwriters’ option to purchase additional units is exercised in full) will be delivered to the Trustee to be deposited and held in a segregated trust account located at all times in the United States (the “Trust Account”) for the benefit of the Company and the holders of the Common Stock included in the Units issued in the Offering as hereinafter provided (the amount to be delivered to the Trustee (and any interest subsequently earned thereon) is referred to herein as the “Property,” the stockholders for whose benefit the Trustee shall hold the Property will be referred to as the “Public Stockholders,” and the Public Stockholders and the Company will be referred to together as the “Beneficiaries”); and

 

WHEREAS, pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, a portion of the Property equal to $21,000,000, or $24,150,000 if the Underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full, is attributable to deferred underwriting discounts and commissions that will be payable by the Company to the Underwriters upon the consummation of the Business Combination (as defined below) (the “Deferred Discount”); and

 

WHEREAS, the Company and the Trustee desire to enter into this Agreement to set forth the terms and conditions pursuant to which the Trustee shall hold the Property.

 

NOW THEREFORE, IT IS AGREED:

 

1. Agreements and Covenants of Trustee. The Trustee hereby agrees and covenants to:

 

(a) Hold the Property in trust for the Beneficiaries in accordance with the terms of this Agreement in the Trust Account established by the Trustee in the United States at Wilmington Trust, National Association.

 

 

 

 

(b) Manage, supervise and administer the Trust Account subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein;

 

(c) In a timely manner, upon the written instruction of the Company, invest and reinvest the Property in United States government securities within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, having a maturity of 180 days or less, or in money market funds meeting the conditions of paragraphs (d)(1), (d)(2), (d)(3) and (d)(4) of Rule 2a-7 promulgated under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (or any successor rule), which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations, as determined by the Company; it being understood that the Trust Account will earn no interest while account funds are uninvested awaiting the Company’s instructions hereunder;

 

(d) Collect and receive, when due, all interest or other income arising from the Property, which shall become part of the “Property,” as such term is used herein;

 

(e) Promptly notify the Company and the Representative of all communications received by the Trustee with respect to any Property requiring action by the Company;

 

(f) Supply any necessary information or documents as may be requested by the Company (or its authorized agents) in connection with the Company’s preparation of tax returns relating to assets held in the Trust Account or in connection with the preparation or completion of the audit of the Company’s financial statements by the Company’s auditors;

 

(g) Participate in any plan or proceeding for protecting or enforcing any right or interest arising from the Property if, as and when instructed by the Company to do so;

 

(h) Render to the Company monthly written statements of the activities of, and amounts in, the Trust Account reflecting all receipts and disbursements of the Trust Account;

 

(i) Commence liquidation of the Trust Account only after and within two business days following (x) receipt of, and only in accordance with the terms of, a letter from the Company (“Termination Letter”) in a form substantially similar to that attached hereto as either Exhibit A or Exhibit B, as applicable, signed on behalf of the Company by an Authorized Representative (as such term is defined below), and complete the liquidation of the Trust Account and distribute the Property in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay any taxes (net of any taxes payable and less up to $100,000 of interest that may be released to the Company to pay dissolution expenses), only as directed in the Termination Letter and other documents referred to therein, or (y) upon the date which is the later of (1) 24 months after the closing of the Offering and (2) such later date as may be approved by the Company’s stockholders in accordance with the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, if a Termination Letter has not been received by the Trustee prior to such date, in which case the Trust Account shall be liquidated in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Termination Letter attached as Exhibit B and the Property in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company to pay any taxes (net of any taxes payable and less up to $100,000 of interest that may be released to the Company to pay dissolution expenses) shall be distributed to the Public Stockholders of record as of such date; provided, however, that in the event the Trustee receives a Termination Letter in a form substantially similar to Exhibit B hereto, or if the Trustee begins to liquidate the Property because it has received no such Termination Letter by the date specified in clause (y) of this Section 1(i), the Trustee shall keep the Trust Account open until twelve (12) months following the date the Property has been distributed to the Public Stockholders;

 

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(j) Upon written request from the Company, which may be given from time to time in a form substantially similar to that attached hereto as Exhibit C (a “Tax Payment Withdrawal Instruction”), withdraw from the Trust Account and distribute to the Company the amount of interest earned on the Property requested by the Company to cover any tax obligation owed by the Company as a result of assets of the Company or interest or other income earned on the Property, which amount shall be delivered directly to the Company by electronic funds transfer or other method of prompt payment, and the Company shall forward such payment to the relevant taxing authority, as applicable; providedhowever, that to the extent there is not sufficient cash in the Trust Account to pay such tax obligation, the Trustee shall liquidate such assets held in the Trust Account as shall be designated by the Company in writing to make such distribution so long as there is no reduction in the principal amount initially deposited in the Trust Account; providedfurtherhowever that if the tax to be paid is a franchise tax, the written request by the Company to make such distribution shall be accompanied by a copy of the franchise tax bill from the State of Delaware for the Company and a written statement from the principal financial officer of the Company setting forth the actual amount payable (it being acknowledged and agreed that any such amount in excess of interest income earned on the Property shall not be payable from the Trust Account). The written request of the Company referenced above shall constitute presumptive evidence that the Company is entitled to said funds, and the Trustee shall have no responsibility to look beyond said request;

 

(k) Upon written request from the Company, which may be given from time to time in a form substantially similar to that attached hereto as Exhibit D (a “Stockholder Redemption Withdrawal Instruction”), the Trustee shall distribute to the Company the amount requested by the Company to be used to redeem shares of Common Stock from Public Stockholders properly submitted in connection with a stockholder vote to approve an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to redeem 100% of its public Common Stock if the Company has not consummated an initial Business Combination within such time as is described in the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation. The written request of the Company referenced above shall constitute presumptive evidence that the Company is entitled to distribute said funds, and the Trustee shall have no responsibility to look beyond said request;

 

(l) Only release the Property in accordance with a written instruction, signed by an Authorized Representative (as such term is defined below) of the Company substantially in the form attached as Exhibit ABC or D, as applicable, attached hereto (each, a “Written Direction” and collectively, the “Written Direction”); and

 

(m) Not make any withdrawals or distributions from the Trust Account other than pursuant to Section 1(i)(j) or (k) above.

 

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2. Agreements and Covenants of the Company. The Company hereby agrees and covenants to:

 

(a) Give all instructions to the Trustee hereunder in writing, signed by an Authorized Representative (as such term is defined below) of the Company. In addition, except with respect to its duties under Sections 1(i)1(j) or 1(k) hereof, the Trustee shall be entitled to rely on, and shall be protected in relying on, any verbal or telephonic advice or instruction which it, in good faith and with reasonable care, believes to be given by any one of the persons authorized above to give written instructions, provided that the Company shall promptly confirm such instructions in writing;

 

(b) Subject to Section 4 hereof, hold the Trustee harmless and indemnify the Trustee from and against any and all out-of-pocket expenses, including reasonable outside counsel fees and disbursements, or losses suffered by the Trustee in connection with any action taken by it hereunder and in connection with any action, suit or other proceeding brought against the Trustee involving any claim, or in connection with any claim or demand, which in any way arises out of or relates to this Agreement, the services of the Trustee hereunder, or the Property or any interest earned on the Property, except for expenses and losses resulting from the Trustee’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. Promptly after the receipt by the Trustee of notice of demand or claim or the commencement of any action, suit or proceeding, pursuant to which the Trustee intends to seek indemnification under this Section 2(b), it shall notify the Company in writing of such claim (hereinafter referred to as the “Indemnified Claim”), provided, that no failure or delay by the Trustee to so notify the Company shall relieve the Company from its obligations under this Agreement, except as and to the extent it is found, in a final, unappealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction, that such failure or delay actually and materially prejudiced the Company. The Trustee shall have the right to conduct and manage the defense against such Indemnified Claim; provided that the Trustee shall obtain the consent of the Company with respect to the selection of counsel, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. The Trustee may not agree to settle any Indemnified Claim without the prior written consent of the Company, which such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. The Company may participate in such action with its own counsel and at its sole cost and expense;

 

(c) Pay the Trustee the fees set forth on Schedule A hereto, which fees shall be subject to modification by the parties from time to time. It is expressly understood that the Property shall not be used to pay such fees unless and until it is distributed to the Company pursuant to Sections 1(i) through 1(k) hereof. The Company shall pay the Trustee the initial acceptance fee and the first annual administration fee at the consummation of the Offering. The Company shall not be responsible for any other fees or charges of the Trustee except as set forth in this Section 2(c)Schedule A and as may be provided in Section 2(b) hereof;

 

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(d) In connection with any vote of the Company’s stockholders regarding any merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other similar business combination involving the Company and one or more businesses (a “Business Combination”), provide to the Trustee an affidavit or certificate of the inspector of elections for the stockholder meeting verifying the vote of such stockholders regarding such Business Combination;

 

(e) Provide the Representative with a copy of any Termination Letter(s) and/or any other correspondence that is sent to the Trustee with respect to any proposed withdrawal from the Trust Account promptly after it issues the same;

 

(f) Expressly provide in any Instruction Letter (as defined in Exhibit A) delivered in connection with a Termination Letter in the Form of Exhibit A that the Deferred Discount be paid directly to the account or accounts directed by Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC.

 

(g) Instruct the Trustee to make only those distributions that are permitted under this Agreement, and refrain from instructing the Trustee to make any distributions that are not permitted under this Agreement;

 

(h) Designate, on an incumbency certificate delivered to Trustee on the date hereof (the “Incumbency Certificate”), its authorized representatives for purposes of this Agreement (each such individual, an “Authorized Representative” of the Company), which shall certify that the title, contact information and specimen signature of each such Authorized Representative as set forth therein is true and correct; and

 

(i) Amend, at any time, the Incumbency Certificate by signing and submitting to the Trustee an amended Incumbency Certificate, which shall be effective upon receipt by the Trustee of such amendment.

 

3. Limitations of Liability. The Trustee shall have no responsibility or liability to:

 

(a) Imply obligations, perform duties, inquire or otherwise be subject to the provisions of any agreement or document other than this Agreement and that which is expressly set forth herein;

 

(b) Take any action with respect to the Property, other than as directed in Section 1 hereof, and the Trustee shall have no liability to any third party except for liability arising out of the Trustee’s gross negligence or willful misconduct;

 

(c) Institute any proceeding for the collection of any principal and income arising from, or institute, appear in or defend any proceeding of any kind with respect to, any of the Property unless and until it shall have received instructions from the Company given as provided herein to do so and the Company shall have advanced or guaranteed to it funds sufficient to pay any expenses incident thereto;

 

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(d) Refund any depreciation in principal of any Property;

 

(e) Assume that the authority of any person designated by the Company to give instructions hereunder shall not be continuing unless provided otherwise in such designation, or unless the Company shall have delivered a written revocation of such authority to the Trustee;

 

(f) The other parties hereto or to anyone else for any action taken or omitted by it, or any action suffered by it to be taken or omitted, in good faith and in the Trustee’s best judgment, except for the Trustee’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. The Trustee may rely conclusively and shall be protected in acting upon any Written Direction, order, notice, demand, certificate, opinion or advice of counsel (including counsel chosen by the Trustee, which counsel may be the Company’s counsel), statement, instrument, report or other paper or document (not only as to its due execution and the validity and effectiveness of its provisions, but also as to the truth and acceptability of any information therein contained) which the Trustee believes, in good faith and with reasonable care, to be genuine and to be signed or presented by the proper person or persons. The Trustee shall be deemed to be acting with reasonable care with respect to any Written Direction if it takes such action in conformity with its standard procedures for confirming instructions for wires applicable to the Company. The Trustee shall not be bound by any notice or demand, or any waiver, modification, termination or rescission of this Agreement or any of the terms hereof, unless evidenced by a written instrument delivered to the Trustee, signed by the proper party or parties and, if the duties or rights of the Trustee are affected, unless it shall give its prior written consent thereto;

 

(g) Verify the accuracy of the information contained in the Registration Statement or any other filings made by the Company with the SEC;

 

(h) Provide any assurance that any Business Combination entered into by the Company or any other action taken by the Company is as contemplated by the Registration Statement;

 

(i) File information returns with respect to the Trust Account with any local, state or federal taxing authority or provide periodic written statements to the Company documenting the taxes payable by the Company, if any, relating to any interest income earned on the Property;

 

(j) Prepare, execute and file tax reports, income or other tax returns and pay any taxes with respect to any income generated by, and activities relating to, the Trust Account, regardless of whether such tax is payable by the Trust Account or the Company, including, but not limited to, income tax obligations, except pursuant to Section 1(j) hereof; or

 

(k) Verify calculations, qualify or otherwise approve the Company’s written requests for distributions pursuant to Sections 1(i)1(j) or 1(k) hereof.

 

The Company also agrees that the Trustee will only be responsible for direct damages, and not for any type of indirect, special, consequential, or punitive damages, even if the Trustee is aware of the potential for such damages.

 

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4. Trust Account Waiver. The Trustee has no right of set-off or any right, title, interest or claim of any kind (“Claim”) to, or to any monies in, the Trust Account, and hereby irrevocably waives any Claim to, or to any monies in, the Trust Account that it may have now or in the future. In the event the Trustee has any Claim against the Company under this Agreement, including, without limitation, under Section 2(b) or Section 2(c) hereof, the Trustee shall pursue such Claim solely against the Company and its assets outside the Trust Account and not against the Property or any monies in the Trust Account.

 

5. Termination. This Agreement shall terminate as follows:

 

(a) If the Trustee gives written notice to the Company that it desires to resign under this Agreement, the Company shall use its reasonable efforts to locate a successor trustee, pending which the Trustee shall continue to act in accordance with this Agreement. At such time that the Company notifies the Trustee that a successor trustee has been appointed and has agreed to become subject to the terms of this Agreement (whether following the Trustee giving notice that it desires to resign under this Agreement or the Company otherwise electing to replace the Trustee under this Agreement), the Trustee shall transfer the management of the Trust Account to the successor trustee, including but not limited to the transfer of copies of the reports and statements relating to the Trust Account, whereupon this Agreement shall terminate; providedhowever, that in the event that the Company does not locate a successor trustee within ninety (90) days of receipt of the resignation notice from the Trustee, the Trustee may submit an application to have the Property deposited with any court in the State of New York or with the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and upon such deposit, the Trustee shall be immune from any liability whatsoever; or

 

(b) At such time that the Trustee has completed the liquidation of the Trust Account and its obligations in accordance with the provisions of Section 1(i) hereof and distributed the Property in accordance with the provisions of the Termination Letter, this Agreement shall terminate except with respect to Section 2(b).

 

(c) If the Offering is not consummated within ten (10) business days of the date of this Agreement, in which case any funds received by the Trustee from the Company or GS DC Sponsor I LLC, as applicable, shall be returned promptly following the receipt by the Trustee of written instructions from the Company.

 

6. Miscellaneous.

 

(a) The Company and the Trustee each acknowledge that the Trustee will follow the security procedures set forth herein with respect to funds transferred from the Trust Account. The Company and the Trustee will each restrict access to confidential information relating to such security procedures to authorized persons. Each party must notify the other party immediately if it has reason to believe unauthorized persons may have obtained access to such confidential information, or of any change in its authorized personnel. In executing funds transfers, the Trustee shall rely upon all information supplied to it by the Company, including, account names, account numbers, and all other identifying information relating to a Beneficiary, Beneficiary’s bank or intermediary bank. Except for any liability arising out of the Trustee’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, the Trustee shall not be liable for any loss, liability or out-of-pocket expense resulting from any error in the information or transmission of the funds.

 

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(b) This Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. This Agreement may be executed in several original or facsimile counterparts, each one of which shall constitute an original, and together shall constitute but one instrument.

 

(c) This Agreement contains the entire agreement and understanding of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof. Except for Section 1(i) through (m) (which sections may not be modified, amended or deleted without the affirmative vote of sixty-five percent (65%) of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock and Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company voting together as a single class; provided that no such amendment will affect any stockholder of the Company who has validly elected to redeem his, her or its Common Stock in connection with a stockholder vote sought to amend this Agreement), this Agreement or any provision hereof may only be changed, amended or modified (other than to correct a typographical error) by a writing signed by each of the parties hereto.

 

(d) The parties hereto consent to the jurisdiction and venue of any state or federal court located in the City of New York, State of New York, for purposes of resolving any disputes hereunder. AS TO ANY CLAIM, CROSS-CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, EACH PARTY WAIVES THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.

 

(e) Any notice, consent or request to be given in connection with any of the terms or provisions of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be sent by express mail or similar private courier service, by certified mail (return receipt requested), by hand delivery, by facsimile transmission or by email:

 

if to the Trustee, to:

 

Wilmington Trust, National Association

1100 North Market Street

Rodney Square North

Wilmington, DE 19890

Attn: Corporate Trust Administration

FAX (302) 636-4149

dyoung@wilmingtontrust.com

 

in each case, with copies to:

 

Winston & Strawn LLP

200 Park Avenue

New York, New York 10166

Attn: Bart Pisella and Joel Rubinstein

 

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if to the Company, to:

 

GS Acquisition Holdings Corp

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

 

in each case, with copies to:

 

GS DC Sponsor I LLC

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

and

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

300 South Grand Avenue, Suite 3400

Los Angeles, California 90071

Attn: Gregg A. Noel and Jonathan Ko

 

(f) This Agreement may not be assigned by the Trustee without the prior consent of the Company, which such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.

 

(g) Each of the Company and the Trustee hereby represents that it has the full right and power and has been duly authorized to enter into this Agreement and to perform its respective obligations as contemplated hereunder. The Trustee acknowledges and agrees that it shall not make any claims or proceed against the Trust Account, including by way of set-off, and shall not be entitled to any funds in the Trust Account under any circumstance.

 

(h) Each of the Company and the Trustee hereby acknowledges and agrees that the Representative, on behalf of the Underwriters, is a third party beneficiary of this Agreement.

 

(i) Except as specified herein, no party to this Agreement may assign its rights or delegate its obligations hereunder to any other person or entity.

 

(j) In the event that any Property shall be attached, garnished or levied upon by any court order, or the delivery thereof shall be stayed or enjoined by an order of a court, or any order, judgment or decree shall be made or entered by any court order affecting the Property, the Trustee is hereby expressly authorized, in its reasonable discretion, to comply with all writs, orders or decrees so entered or issued, or which it is advised by legal counsel of its own choosing is binding upon it. In the event that the Trustee obeys or complies with any such writ, order or decree it shall not be liable to any of the Parties or to any other person, firm or corporation, should, by reason of such compliance notwithstanding, such writ, order or decree be subsequently reversed, modified, annulled, set aside or vacated.

 

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(k) The Trustee shall not be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligation under this Agreement arising out of or caused, directly or indirectly, by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without limitation, acts of God; earthquakes; fire; flood; wars; acts of terrorism; civil or military disturbances; sabotage; epidemic; riots; interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, computer (hardware or software) or communications services; accidents; labor disputes; acts of civil or military authority or governmental action (any such event, a “Force Majeure Event”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, for purposes of all services provided pursuant to this Agreement (the “Services”), Trustee shall continuously maintain business continuity and disaster recovery plans (including regular updates) that are consistent with then-current industry standards applicable to similarly situated providers of services comparable to the Services. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the business continuity and/or disaster recovery plans will cover the computer software, computer hardware, telecommunications capabilities and other similar or related items of automated, computerized, software system(s) and network(s) or system(s) and will be designed, among other things, to permit the ongoing operation and functionality of the Services on a continuous basis and/or to facilitate the continuation and/or resumption of, the Services. In the event of disruption in the Services for any reason including the occurrence of a Force Majeure Event that causes Trustee to be required to allocate limited resources between or among Trustee’s affected customers, Trustee shall not do so in a manner that is intended to treat the Company less favorably than other similarly situated affected customers generally. In addition, in the event Trustee has knowledge that there is, or has been, an incident affecting the integrity or availability of Trustee’s business continuity and disaster recovery system (the “System”), Trustee shall endeavor to notify the Company in writing, as promptly as practicable, of the incident.

 

(l) The Trustee shall be entitled to consult with legal counsel in the event that a question or dispute arises with regard to the construction of any of the provisions hereof, and shall incur no liability and shall be fully protected in acting in accordance with the advice or opinion of such counsel.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have duly executed this Investment Management Trust Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

  GS Acquisition Holdings Corp
   
  By:  /s/ David M. Cote
    Name:  David M. Cote
    Title: Chief Executive Officer, President and Secretary
       
  TRUSTEE:
   
  Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee
   
  By:  /s/ David Young
    Name:  David Young
    Title: Vice President

 

 

 

 

SCHEDULE A

Annual administrative fee of $6500, all-in.

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT A

 

[Letterhead of Company]

 

[Insert date]

Wilmington Trust, National Association

1100 North Market Street

Rodney Square North

Wilmington, DE 19890

 

  Re: Trust Account No.                Termination Letter

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Pursuant to Section 1(i) of the Investment Management Trust Agreement between GS Acquisition Holdings Corp (the “Company”) and Wilmington Trust, National Association (the “Trustee”), dated as of June 7, 2018 (the “Trust Agreement”), this is to advise you that the Company has entered into an agreement with                                          (the “Target Business”) to consummate a business combination with Target Business (the “Business Combination”) on or about [insert date]. The Company shall notify you at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance of the actual date (or such shorter time period as you may agree) of the consummation of the Business Combination (the “Consummation Date”). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Trust Agreement.

 

In accordance with the terms of the Trust Agreement, we hereby authorize you to commence to liquidate all of the assets of the Trust Account on [insert date], and to transfer proceeds to the account of the paying agent specified by the Company to the effect that, on the Consummation Date, all of the funds held in the Trust Account will be immediately available for transfer to the account or accounts that Goldman Sachs & Co. (the “Representative”) (with respect to the Deferred Discount) and the Company shall direct on the Consummation Date. It is acknowledged and agreed that while the funds are on deposit in the trust account at [•] awaiting distribution, neither the Company nor the Representative will earn any interest or dividends.

 

On the Consummation Date (i) counsel for the Company shall deliver to you written notification that the Business Combination has been consummated, or will be consummated substantially, concurrently with your transfer of funds to the accounts as directed by the Company (the “Notification”) and (ii) the Company shall deliver to you (a) [an affidavit] [a certificate] of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, which verifies that the Business Combination has been approved by a vote of the Company’s stockholders, if a vote is held, and (b) joint written instruction signed by the Company and the Representative with respect to the transfer of the funds held in the Trust Account, including payment of the Deferred Discount from the Trust Account (the “Instruction Letter”). You are hereby directed and authorized to transfer the funds held in the Trust Account immediately upon your receipt of the Notification and the Instruction Letter, in accordance with the terms of the Instruction Letter. In the event that certain deposits held in the Trust Account may not be liquidated by the Consummation Date without penalty, you will notify the Company in writing of the same and the Company shall direct you as to whether such funds should remain in the Trust Account and be distributed after the Consummation Date to the Company. Upon the distribution of all the funds, net of any payments necessary for reasonable unreimbursed expenses related to liquidating the Trust Account, your obligations under the Trust Agreement shall be terminated.

 

 

 

 

In the event that the Business Combination is not consummated on the Consummation Date described in the notice thereof and we have not notified you on or before the original Consummation Date of a new Consummation Date, then upon receipt by the Trustee of written instructions from the Company, the funds held in the Trust Account shall be reinvested as provided in Section 1(c) of the Trust Agreement on the business day immediately following the Consummation Date as set forth in the notice as soon thereafter as possible.

 

  Very truly yours,
     
  GS Acquisition Holdings Corp
     
  By:  
    Name:  
    Title:    

 

cc: Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

 

 

 

EXHIBIT B

 

[Letterhead of Company]

 

[Insert date]

 

Wilmington Trust, National Association

1100 North Market Street

Rodney Square North

Wilmington, DE 19890

 

  Re: Trust Account No.                Termination Letter

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Pursuant to Section 1(i) of the Investment Management Trust Agreement between GS Acquisition Holdings Corp (the “Company”) and Wilmington Trust, National Association (the “Trustee”), dated as of         , 2018 (the “Trust Agreement”), this is to advise you that the Company has been unable to effect a business combination with a Target Business (the “Business Combination”) within the time frame specified in the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as described in the Company’s Registration Statement relating to the Offering. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Trust Agreement.

 

In accordance with the terms of the Trust Agreement, we hereby authorize you to liquidate all of the assets in the Trust Account on                      and to await distribution to the Public Stockholders. The Company has selected [•] as the record date for the purpose of determining the Public Stockholders entitled to receive their share of the liquidation proceeds. Upon the distribution of all the funds, your obligations under the Trust Agreement shall be terminated, except to the extent otherwise provided in Section 1(i) of the Trust Agreement.

 

  Very truly yours,
     
  GS Acquisition Holdings Corp
     
  By:  
    Name:  
    Title:    

 

 

cc: Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT C

 

[Letterhead of Company]

 

[Insert date]

 

Wilmington Trust, National Association

1100 North Market Street

Rodney Square North

Wilmington, DE 19890

 

  Re: Trust Account No.                Tax Payment Withdrawal Instruction

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Pursuant to Section 1(j) of the Investment Management Trust Agreement between GS Acquisition Holdings Corp (the “Company”) and Wilmington Trust, National Association (the “Trustee”), dated as of June 7, 2018 (the “Trust Agreement”), the Company hereby requests that you deliver to the Company $                     of the interest income earned on the Property as of the date hereof. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Trust Agreement.

 

The Company needs such funds to pay for the tax obligations as set forth on the attached tax return or tax statement. In accordance with the terms of the Trust Agreement, you are hereby directed and authorized to transfer (via wire transfer) such funds promptly upon your receipt of this letter to the Company’s operating account at:

[WIRE INSTRUCTION INFORMATION]

 

  Very truly yours,
     
  GS Acquisition Holdings Corp
     
  By:  
    Name:  
    Title:    

 

cc: Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT D

 

[Letterhead of Company]

 

[Insert date]

 

Wilmington Trust, National Association

1100 North Market Street

Rodney Square North

Wilmington, DE 19890

 

  Re: Trust Account No.                Stockholder Redemption Withdrawal Instruction

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Pursuant to Section 1(k) of the Investment Management Trust Agreement between GS Acquisition Holdings Corp (the “Company”) and Wilmington Trust, National Association (the “Trustee”), dated as of June 7, 2018 (the “Trust Agreement”), the Company hereby requests that you deliver to the Company $                     of the principal and interest income earned on the Property as of the date hereof. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Trust Agreement.

 

The Company needs such funds to pay its Public Stockholders who have properly elected to have their shares of Common Stock redeemed by the Company in connection with a stockholder vote to approve an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to redeem 100% of its public Common Stock if the Company has not consummated an initial Business Combination within such time as is described in the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation. As such, you are hereby directed and authorized to transfer (via wire transfer) such funds promptly upon your receipt of this letter to the redeeming Public Stockholders in accordance with your customary procedures.

 

  Very truly yours,
     
  GS Acquisition Holdings Corp
     
  By:  
    Name:  
    Title:    

 

cc: Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 10.13

 

GS Acquisition Holdings Corp

200 West Street

New York, New York 10282

 

Re:    Initial Public Offering

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

This letter (this “Letter Agreement”) is being delivered to you in accordance with the Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) entered into or proposed to be entered into by and between GS Acquisition Holdings Corp, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, as the representative of the several underwriters (each an “Underwriter” and collectively, the “Underwriters”), relating to an underwritten initial public offering (the “Public Offering”), of 69,000,000 of the Company’s units (including up to 9,000,000 units that may be purchased to cover the Underwriters’ option to purchase additional units, if any) (the “Units”), each comprised of one share of Class A common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class A Common Stock”), and one-third of one warrant (each, a “Warrant”). Each whole Warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of Class A Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment. The Units shall be sold in the Public Offering pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 and prospectus (the “Prospectus”) filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”). Certain capitalized terms used herein are defined in paragraph 11 hereof.

 

In order to induce the Company and the Underwriters to enter into the Underwriting Agreement and to proceed with the Public Offering and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, GS DC Sponsor I LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”), each of the undersigned members of the Sponsor (each, a “Member” and together, the “Members”) and the other undersigned persons (each, such other undersigned persons, an “Insider” and collectively, the “Insiders”), hereby agrees with the Company as follows:

 

1. The Sponsor, each Member and each Insider agrees that if the Company seeks shareholder approval of a proposed Business Combination, then in connection with such proposed Business Combination, it, he or she shall (i) vote any Shares owned by it, him or her in favor of any proposed Business Combination and (ii) not redeem any Shares owned by it, him or her in connection with such shareholder approval.

 

 

 

 

2. The Sponsor, each Member and each Insider hereby agrees that in the event that the Company fails to consummate a Business Combination within 24 months from the closing of the Public Offering, or such later period approved by the Company’s shareholders in accordance with the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the Sponsor, each Member and each Insider shall take all reasonable steps to cause the Company to (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten (10) business days thereafter, subject to lawfully available funds therefor, redeem 100% of the Class A Common Shares sold as part of the Units in the Public Offering (the “Offering Shares”), at a per share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest (which interest shall be net of taxes payable and less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding Offering Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish all Public Shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the Company’s remaining shareholders and the Company’s board of directors, dissolve and liquidate, subject in each case to the Company’s obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and other requirements of applicable law. The Sponsor, each Member and each Insider agrees to not propose any amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation that would affect the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to redeem 100% of the Offering Shares if the Company does not complete a Business Combination within 24 months from the closing of the Public Offering, unless the Company provides its Public Shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their Offering Shares upon approval of any such amendment at a per share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest (which interest shall be net of taxes payable), divided by the number of then outstanding Offering Shares.

 

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The Sponsor, each Member and each Insider acknowledges that it, he or she has no right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the Trust Account or any other asset of the Company as a result of any liquidation of the Company with respect to the Founder Shares held by it. The Sponsor, each Member and each Insider hereby further waives, with respect to any Shares held by it, him or her, if any, any redemption rights it, he or she may have in connection with the consummation of a Business Combination, including, without limitation, any such rights available in the context of a shareholder vote to approve such Business Combination or in the context of a tender offer made by the Company to purchase Class A Common Shares (although the Sponsor, the Members and the Insiders shall be entitled to redemption and liquidation rights with respect to any Offering Shares it or they hold if the Company fails to consummate a Business Combination within 24 months from the date of the closing of the Public Offering.

 

3. Notwithstanding the provisions set forth in paragraphs 7(a) and (b) below, during the period commencing on the effective date of the Underwriting Agreement and ending 180 days after such date, the Sponsor, each Member and each Insider shall not, without the prior written consent of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, (i) offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of (or enter into any transaction that is designed to, or might reasonably be expected to, result in the disposition (whether by actual disposition or effective economic disposition due to cash settlement or otherwise)), directly or indirectly, or establish or increase a put equivalent position or liquidate or decrease a call equivalent position within the meaning of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder, with respect to, any Units, Shares, Warrants or any securities convertible into, or exercisable, or exchangeable for, Class A Common Stock, (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of any Units, shares of Common Stock, Warrants or any securities convertible into, or exercisable, or exchangeable for, shares of Common Stock owned by it, him or her, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of such securities, in cash or otherwise, or (iii) or publicly announce an intention to effect any such transaction. Each of the Insiders and Members and the Sponsor acknowledges and agrees that, prior to the effective date of any release or waiver, of the restrictions set forth in this paragraph 3 or paragraph 7 below, the Company shall announce the impending release or waiver by press release through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver. Any release or waiver granted shall only be effective two business days after the publication date of such press release. The provisions of this paragraph will not apply if (i) the release or waiver is effected solely to permit a transfer of securities that is not for consideration and (ii) the transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this Letter Agreement to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer.

 

4. In the event of the liquidation of the Trust Account, the Sponsor (which for purposes of clarification shall not extend to any other shareholders, members or managers of the Sponsor) agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever (including, but not limited to, any and all legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, whether pending or threatened, or any claim whatsoever) to which the Company may become subject as a result of any claim by (i) any third party (other than the Company’s independent accountants) for services rendered or products sold to the Company or (ii) a prospective target business with which the Company has discussed entering into an acquisition agreement (a “Target”); providedhowever, that such indemnification of the Company by the Sponsor shall apply only to the extent necessary to ensure that such claims by a third party for services rendered (other than the Company’s independent public accountants) or products sold to the Company or a Target do not reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below (i) $10.00 per share of the Offering Shares or (ii) such lesser amount per share of the Offering Shares held in the Trust Account due to reductions in the value of the trust assets as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, in each case, net of the amount of interest earned on the property in the Trust Account which may be withdrawn to pay taxes, except as to any claims by a third party who executed a waiver of any and all rights to seek access to the Trust Account and except as to any claims under the Company’s indemnity of the Underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. In the event that any such executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against such third party, the Sponsor shall not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third party claims. The Sponsor shall have the right to defend against any such claim with counsel of its choice reasonably satisfactory to the Company if, within 15 days following written receipt of notice of the claim to the Sponsor, the Sponsor notifies the Company in writing that it shall undertake such defense.

 

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5. To the extent that the Underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase up to an additional 9,000,000 Units within 45 days from the date of the Prospectus (and as further described in the Prospectus), the Sponsor agrees that it shall forfeit, at no cost, a number of Founder Shares in the aggregate equal to 2,250,000 multiplied by a fraction, (i) the numerator of which is 9,000,000 minus the number of Units purchased by the Underwriters upon the exercise of their option to purchase additional Units, and (ii) the denominator of which is 9,000,000. All references in this Letter Agreement to Founder Shares of the Company being forfeited shall take effect as a contribution of such Founder Shares to the Company’s capital as a matter of Delaware law. The forfeiture will be adjusted to the extent that the option to purchase additional Units is not exercised in full by the Underwriters so that the Initial Shareholders will own an aggregate of 20.0% of the Company’s issued and outstanding Shares after the Public Offering. The Initial Shareholders further agree that to the extent that the size of the Public Offering is increased or decreased, the Company will effect a capitalization or share repurchase or redemption, as applicable, immediately prior to the consummation of the Public Offering in such amount as to maintain the ownership of the Initial Shareholders prior to the Public Offering at 20.0% of the Company’s issued and outstanding Shares upon the consummation of the Public Offering. In connection with such increase or decrease in the size of the Public Offering, then (A) the references to 9,000,000 in the numerator and denominator of the formula in the first sentence of this paragraph shall be changed to a number equal to 15.0% of the number of Class A Common Shares included in the Units issued in the Public Offering and (B) the reference to 2,250,000 in the formula set forth in the immediately preceding sentence shall be adjusted to such number of Founder Shares that the Sponsor would have to return to the Company in order to hold (with all of the Initial Shareholders) an aggregate of 20.0% of the Company’s issued and outstanding Shares after the Public Offering.

 

6. (a) The Sponsor and each Insider who is an officer and/or director of the Company have agreed not to participate in the formation of, or become an officer or director of, any other special purpose acquisition company with a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, until the Company has entered into a definitive agreement regarding its initial Business Combination or it has failed to complete its initial Business Combination within 24 months after the closing of the Public Offering.

 

(b) The Sponsor, each Member and each Insider hereby agrees and acknowledges that: (i) the Underwriters and the Company would be irreparably injured in the event of a breach by such Sponsor, Member or Insider of its, his or her obligations under paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7(a), 7(b), and 9 of this Letter Agreement (ii) monetary damages may not be an adequate remedy for such breach and (iii) the non-breaching party shall be entitled to seek injunctive relief, in addition to any other remedy that such party may have in law or in equity, in the event of such breach.

 

7. (a) The Sponsor, each Member and each Insider agrees that it, he or she shall not Transfer (as defined below) any Founder Shares (or Class A Common Shares issuable upon conversion thereof) until the earlier of (A) one year after the completion of the Company’s initial Business Combination and (B) subsequent to the Business Combination, (x) if the last reported sale price of the Class A Common Stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after the Company’s initial Business Combination or (y) the date following the completion of the Company’s initial Business Combination on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, share exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction that results in all of the Company’s shareholders having the right to exchange their Class A Common Shares for cash, securities or other property (the “Founder Shares Lock-up Period”).

 

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(b) The Sponsor, each Member and each Insider agrees that it, he or she shall not Transfer any Private Placement Warrants (or Class A Common Shares issued or issuable upon the conversion or exercise of the Private Placement Warrants), until 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination (the “Private Placement Warrants Lock-up Period”, together with the Founder Shares Lock-up Period, the “Lock-up Periods”).

 

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions set forth in paragraphs 7(a) and (b), Transfers of the Founder Shares, Private Placement Warrants and Class A Common Shares issued or issuable upon the exercise or conversion of the Private Placement Warrants or the Founder Shares and that are held by the Sponsor, any Member or any Insider or any of their permitted transferees (that have complied with this paragraph 7(c)), are permitted (a) to the Company’s officers or directors, any affiliates or family members of any of the Company’s officers or directors, any members of the Sponsor, or any affiliates of the Sponsor, (b) in the case of an individual, by gift to a member of the individual’s immediate family or to a trust, the beneficiary of which is a member of the individual’s immediate family or an affiliate of such person, or to a charitable organization; (c) in the case of an individual, by virtue of laws of descent and distribution upon death of the individual; (d) in the case of an individual, pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order; (e) by private sales or transfers made in connection with the consummation of the Company’s Business Combination at prices no greater than the price at which the securities were originally purchased; (f) in the event of the Company’s liquidation prior to the Company’s completion of an initial Business Combination; (g) by virtue of the laws of Delaware or the Sponsor’s limited liability company agreement, as amended, upon dissolution of the Sponsor; or (h) in the event of the Company’s completion of a liquidation, merger, stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction which results in all of the Company’s public stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Class A Common Stock for cash, securities or other property subsequent to the Company’s completion of an initial Business Combination; provided, however, that in the case of clauses (a) through (e) these permitted transferees must enter into a written agreement with the Company agreeing to be bound by the transfer restrictions in this Agreement.

 

8. The Sponsor, each Member and each Insider represents and warrants that it, he or she has never been suspended or expelled from membership in any securities or commodities exchange or association or had a securities or commodities license or registration denied, suspended or revoked. Each Insider’s biographical information furnished to the Company, if any (including any such information included in the Prospectus), is true and accurate in all respects and does not omit any material information with respect to such Insider’s background. The Sponsor, each Member and each Insider’s questionnaire furnished to the Company, if any, is true and accurate in all respects. The Sponsor, each Member and each Insider represents and warrants that: it is not subject to or a respondent in any legal action for, any injunction, cease-and-desist order or order or stipulation to desist or refrain from any act or practice relating to the offering of securities in any jurisdiction; it has never been convicted of, or pleaded guilty to, any crime (i) involving fraud, (ii) relating to any financial transaction or handling of funds of another person, or (iii) pertaining to any dealings in any securities and it is not currently a defendant in any such criminal proceeding.

 

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9. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, neither the Sponsor nor any Member or Insider nor any affiliate of the Sponsor, any Member or any Insider, nor any director or officer of the Company, shall receive from the Company any finder’s fee, reimbursement, consulting fee, monies in respect of any repayment of a loan or other compensation prior to, or in connection with any services rendered in order to effectuate the consummation of the Company’s initial Business Combination (regardless of the type of transaction that it is), other than the following, none of which will be made from the proceeds held in the Trust Account prior to the completion of the initial Business Combination: (i) repayment of a loan and advances up to an aggregate of $300,000 made to the Company by an affiliate of the Sponsor; (ii) payment to an affiliate of the Sponsor for office space, administrative and secretarial support for a total of $10,000 per month; (iii) payment of customary fees for financial advisory services; (iv) reimbursement for any reasonable out-of-pocket expenses related to identifying, investigating and consummating an initial Business Combination; and (v) repayment of loans, if any, and on such terms as to be determined by the Company from time to time, made by the Sponsor or any of the Company’s officers or directors to finance transaction costs in connection with an intended initial Business Combination, provided, that, if the Company does not consummate an initial Business Combination, a portion of the working capital held outside the Trust Account may be used by the Company to repay such loaned amounts so long as no proceeds from the Trust Account are used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into warrants at a price of $1.50 per warrant at the option of the lender. Such warrants would be identical to the Private Placement Warrants, including as to exercise price, exercisability and exercise period.

 

10. The Sponsor, each Member and each Insider has full right and power, without violating any agreement to which it is bound (including, without limitation, any non-competition or non-solicitation agreement with any employer or former employer), to enter into this Letter Agreement and, as applicable, to serve as an officer and/or a director on the board of directors of the Company and hereby consents to being named in the Prospectus as an officer and/or a director of the Company.

 

11. As used herein, (i) “Business Combination” shall mean a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination, involving the Company and one or more businesses; (ii) “Shares” shall mean, collectively, the Class A Common Shares and the Founder Shares; (iii) “Class A Common Shares” shall mean shares of Class A Common Stock; (iv) “Founder Shares” shall mean the 17,250,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, issued and outstanding immediately prior to the consummation of the Public Offering; (v) “Initial Shareholders” shall mean the Sponsor and any Insider that holds Founder Shares; (vi) “Private Placement Warrants” shall mean the Warrants to purchase up to 9,333,333 Class A Common Shares of the Company (or 10,533,333 Class A Common Shares if the over-allotment option is exercised in full) that the Sponsor has agreed to purchase for an aggregate purchase price of $14,000,000 in the aggregate (or $15,800,000 if the over-allotment option is exercised in full), or $1.50 per Warrant, in a private placement that shall occur simultaneously with the consummation of the Public Offering; (vii) “Public Shareholders” shall mean the holders of securities issued in the Public Offering; (viii) “Trust Account” shall mean the trust fund into which a portion of the net proceeds of the Public Offering shall be deposited; and (ix) “Transfer” shall mean the (a) sale or assignment of, offer to sell, contract or agreement to sell, hypothecate, pledge, grant of any option to purchase or otherwise dispose of or agreement to dispose of, directly or indirectly, or establishment or increase of a put equivalent position or liquidation with respect to or decrease of a call equivalent position within the meaning of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder with respect to, any security, (b) entry into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of any security, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of such securities, in cash or otherwise, or (c) public announcement of any intention to effect any transaction specified in clause (a) or (b).

 

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12. This Letter Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and understanding of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior understandings, agreements, or representations by or among the parties hereto, written or oral, to the extent they relate in any way to the subject matter hereof or the transactions contemplated hereby. This Letter Agreement may not be changed, amended, modified or waived (other than to correct a typographical error) as to any particular provision, except by a written instrument executed by the Sponsor and each Member and Insider that is the subject of any such change, amendment modification or waiver.

 

13. No party hereto may assign either this Letter Agreement or any of its rights, interests, or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the other parties. Any purported assignment in violation of this paragraph shall be void and ineffectual and shall not operate to transfer or assign any interest or title to the purported assignee. This Letter Agreement shall be binding on the Sponsor, each Member and each Insider and their respective successors, heirs and assigns and permitted transferees.

 

14. Nothing in this Letter Agreement shall be construed to confer upon, or give to, any person or corporation other than the parties hereto any right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Letter Agreement or of any covenant, condition, stipulation, promise or agreement hereof. All covenants, conditions, stipulations, promises and agreements contained in this Letter Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the parties hereto and their successors, heirs, personal representatives and assigns and permitted transferees.

 

15. This Letter Agreement may be executed in any number of original or facsimile counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

 

16. This Letter Agreement shall be deemed severable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of any term or provision hereof shall not affect the validity or enforceability of this Letter Agreement or of any other term or provision hereof. Furthermore, in lieu of any such invalid or unenforceable term or provision, the parties hereto intend that there shall be added as a part of this Letter Agreement a provision as similar in terms to such invalid or unenforceable provision as may be possible and be valid and enforceable.

 

17. This Letter Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. The parties hereto (i) all agree that any action, proceeding, claim or dispute arising out of, or relating in any way to, this Letter Agreement shall be brought and enforced in the courts of New York City, in the State of New York, and irrevocably submit to such jurisdiction and venue, which jurisdiction and venue shall be exclusive and (ii) waive any objection to such exclusive jurisdiction and venue or that such courts represent an inconvenient forum.

 

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18. Any notice, consent or request to be given in connection with any of the terms or provisions of this Letter Agreement shall be in writing and shall be sent by express mail or similar private courier service, by certified mail (return receipt requested), by hand delivery or facsimile transmission.

 

19. Each party hereto shall not be liable for any breaches or misrepresentations contained in this Letter Agreement by any other party to this Letter Agreement (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Member or Insider with respect to any other Member or Insider), and no party shall be liable or responsible for the obligations of another party, including, without limitation, indemnification obligations and notice obligations.

 

20. This Letter Agreement shall terminate on the earlier of (i) the expiration of the Lock-up Periods or (ii) the liquidation of the Company; providedhowever, that this Letter Agreement shall earlier terminate in the event that the Public Offering is not consummated and closed by December 31, 2018; provided further that paragraph 4 of this Letter Agreement shall survive such liquidation.

 

[Signature Page follows]

 

8 

 

 

  Sincerely,
   
  GS DC SPONSOR I LLC
     
  By: GS Sponsor LLC
       
    By: /s/ Raanan A. Agus  
      Name: Raanan A. Agus
      Title: President
     
  By: Cote SPAC 1 LLC
       
    By: /s/ David M. Cote  
      Name: David M. Cote
      Title: Member
   
  GS SPONSOR LLC
     
  By: /s/ Raanan A. Agus  
    Name: Raanan A. Agus
    Title: President
   
  COTE SPAC 1 LLC
       
By: /s/ David M. Cote  
    Name: David M. Cote
    Title: President

 

  /s/ David M. Cote  
  David Cote
   
  /s/ Raanan A. Agus  
  Raanan A. Agus
   
  /s/ James Albaugh  
  James Albaugh
   
  /s/ Roger Fradin  
  Roger Fradin
   
  /s/ Steven S. Reinemund  
  Steven S. Reinemund

 

Acknowledged and Agreed:

 

   
GS ACQUISITION HOLDINGS CORP
   
By: /s/ David M. Cote  
  Name: David M. Cote
  Title: Chief Executive Officer, President and Secretary

 

[Signature Page to Letter Agreement]

 

 

 

Exhibit 23.1

 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” and to the use of our report dated March 11, 2020, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Vertiv Holdings, LLC in the Post Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement (Form S-1) and related Prospectus of Vertiv Holdings Co dated August 5, 2020.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 

Grandview Heights, Ohio

 

August 5, 2020