As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 23, 2020.
Registration No. 333-249533
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-1
Amendment No. 1
Registration Statement Under
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
FORTITUDE GOLD Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
Colorado | 1040 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) | (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
85-2602691 |
2886 Carriage Manor Point, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80906 303-320-7708 |
|
(IRS Employer I.D. Number) |
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number including
area of principal executive offices) |
Jason Reid
President
2886 Carriage Manor Point
Colorado Springs, CO 80906
303-320-7708
(Name and address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies of all communications, including all communications sent
to the agent for service, should be sent to:
William T. Hart, Esq.
Hart & Hart
1624 Washington Street
Denver, Colorado 80203
(303) 839-0061
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC:
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box:
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box, and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box, and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ¨ |
Non-accelerated filer | x | Smaller reporting company | x |
Emerging growth company | x |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ¨
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Maximum | Proposed | |||||||||||||||
Amount to | Offering | Maximum | Amount of | |||||||||||||
Title of each Class | be | Price per | Aggregate | Registration | ||||||||||||
of Securities to be Registered | Registered (1) | Share (3) | Offer Price | Fee | ||||||||||||
Common Stock (1) | 20,000,000 | $ | 3.42 | $ | 68,400,000 | $ | 7,463 | |||||||||
Series A Rights (2) | 20,000,000 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 200,000 | $ | 22 | |||||||||
Series B Rights (2) | 20,000,000 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 200,000 | $ | 22 | |||||||||
$ | 7,507 |
(1) Represents shares to be distributed to the shareholders of Gold Resource Corporation.
(2) Represents rights distributed in connection with Issuer's Shareholder Rights Agreement.
(3) There is currently no market for the Issuer’s common stock. Estimated solely for the purpose of computing the amount of the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457 under the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The registrant hereby amends this Registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of l933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine
PROSPECTUS
FORTITUDE GOLD CORPORATION
Common Stock
This Prospectus is being furnished to you as a shareholder of Gold Resource Corporation (“GRC”) in connection with the planned distribution (the “Spin-Off” or the “Distribution”) by GRC to its shareholders of all the shares of the common stock of Fortitude Gold Corporation (the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” “FGC,” or the “Spin-Off”).
At the time of the Spin-Off, GRC will distribute all of our outstanding shares of common stock held by it (approximately 20,000,000 shares, subject to change prior to the record date of the Spin-Off) on a pro rata basis to the holders of GRC’s common stock. Each share of GRC’s common stock outstanding as of [____], Mountain Time, on [____], 2020, the record date for the Spin-Off (the “Record Date”), will entitle the holder to [__] shares of our common stock. The Distribution will be made in book-entry form by Computershare Trust Company, GRC’s Transfer Agent. Fractional shares of common stock will be distributed in connection with the Spin-Off.
The Spin-Off will be effective as of [___], Mountain Time, on [___], 2020. Immediately after the Spin-Off, we will be an independent public company.
The shareholders of GRC are not required to vote on or take any other action in connection with the Spin-Off. GRC shareholders will not be required to pay any consideration for the common stock they receive in the Spin-Off, and they will not be required to surrender or exchange their shares of GRC’s common stock or take any other action in connection with the Spin-Off.
GRC currently owns all of our outstanding shares of our common stock. Accordingly, there is currently no public market for our common stock. We have not sought to be traded on any exchange or on NASDAQ. However, we anticipate that our common stock will trade on the OTC Market Group platform shortly after the Spin-Off.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
In reviewing this Prospectus, you should carefully consider the matters described in the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4 of this Prospectus.
This Prospectus is not an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities.
The date of this Prospectus is [_______], 2020.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When used in this prospectus, the words “plan,” “target,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “expect” and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the statements regarding our strategy, future plans for development and production, future expenses and costs, future liquidity and capital resources, and future dividends. All forward-looking statements in this prospectus are based upon information available to us on the date of this prospectus, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Forward looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties and there can be no assurance that such statements will prove to be accurate. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in this prospectus. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the Risk Factors section of this prospectus.
In addition to the specific factors identified under the Risk Factors section of this prospectus, other uncertainties that could affect the accuracy of forward-looking statements include:
· | Commodity price fluctuations; |
· | Governmental and regulatory permit requirements and timing; |
· | Rock formations, faults and fractures, water flow or other unanticipated geological situations; |
· | Unexpected changes in business and economic conditions, including the rate of inflation; |
· | Changes in interest rates; |
· | Timing and amount of production; |
· | Technological changes in the mining industry; |
· | Our operating costs and other costs of doing business; |
· | Access to and availability of materials, equipment, supplies, labor and supervision, power and water; |
· | Results of current and future feasibility studies; |
· | The level of demand for our products; |
· | Changes in our business strategy, plans and goals; |
· | Interpretation of drill hole results and the geology, grade and continuity of mineralization; |
· | Litigation by private parties or regulatory action by governmental entities; |
· | Acts of God such as floods, earthquakes, and any other natural disasters; and |
· | The impact of the COVID-19 Coronavirus. |
This list, together with the factors identified in the Risk Factors section of this prospectus, is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect any of our forward-looking statements. You should read this prospectus completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. These forward-looking statements represent our beliefs, expectations, and opinions only as of the date of this prospectus. We do not intend to update these forward-looking statements except as required by law. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
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This summary highlights certain information about Fortitude Gold Corporation (the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” “FGC” or the “Spin-Off”) and information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider to fully understand the Spin-Off and its consequences to you. You should read this entire prospectus carefully.
This Prospectus is being furnished to you as a shareholder of Gold Resource Corporation (“GRC”) in connection with the planned Spin-Off by GRC to its shareholders of our of common stock. At the time of the Spin-Off, GRC will distribute all of our outstanding shares of common stock held by it (approximately 20,000,000 shares, subject to change prior to the record date of the Spin-Off) on a pro rata basis to the holders of GRC’s common stock. Each share of GRC’s common stock outstanding as of [____], Mountain Time, on [____], 2020, the record date for the Spin-Off (the “Record Date”), will entitle the holder to [__] shares of our common stock.
See the section of this prospectus captioned “The Spin-Off” for further information.
This Prospectus also pertains to the registration of Series A and Series B Rights which we issued to GRC, our sole shareholder. Following the date of this Prospectus, these rights will be distributed to the shareholders of GRC as part of the shares which will be issued in connection with the Spin-Off. See the section of this Prospectus captioned "Description of Securities- Shareholder Rights Agreement" for information concerning the Series A and Series B Rights.
Overview
Fortitude Gold Corporation is a mining company which pursues gold and silver projects that are expected to have both low operating costs and high returns on capital. We are presently focused on mineral production from our Isabella Pearl project in Nevada. Our processing facilities at the Isabella Pearl project produce doré from ore mined from an open-pit mine, which contains precious metals of gold and silver. We also continue exploration and evaluation work on our portfolio of other precious metal properties in Nevada and continue to evaluate other properties for possible acquisition.
Historically, GRC’s two mining units consisted of its Oaxaca Mining unit in Mexico and its Nevada Mining unit in the U.S.A. Each mining unit differs in jurisdiction, scale, processing facilities, and mine type. Separate strategic business plans are warranted for each mining unit going forward to best allow each unit to grow and add greater value in separate ways than a combined company would allow. The Oaxaca Mining unit plans to deploy more cashflow into operations for organic growth that may allow accretive merger and acquisition opportunities. The Nevada Mining unit targets the expansion of its gold production through the producing Isabella Pearl Mine and its portfolio of mining properties in the pipeline followed by potential future dividends targeting market appreciation through dividend yield. Following completion of the Spin-Off, each company is expected to be well-capitalized with a strong balance sheet, generating strong free cash flow and be well-positioned for future growth while pursuing different strategic business focuses. The potential benefits and the reason we pursued the Spin-Off includes, but are not limited to the following:
· | Allows the Nevada Mining unit to operate as a stand-alone company to employ a separate business strategy to maximize shareholder value. |
· | Allocation of capital and cashflow in a more efficient and effective manner for a business strategy targeting future dividends and potential market valuations based on yield. |
· | Unlock a value premium for the Nevada Mining unit through recognition of its operating location in one of the world’s premier mining jurisdictions. |
· | Optimize capital structure for specific business strategy. |
· | Allow company to focus on open-pit, heap leach operations in Nevada. |
The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board look to replicate the legacy GRC success as a dividend focused, yield play with a tight capital structure. After ramping up production, the Company targets strong, near term cash flow from the Isabella Pearl operation for the exploration and development of the Company’s highly prospective property portfolio in Nevada’s Walker Lane mineralized trend. The Company plans to explore along the mineralized trend where the Company’s Isabella Pearl operation is located and discover and delineate new mineralization on its other properties with the goal of putting additional projects into production.
We were formed as a Colorado corporation on August 11, 2020. Our principal executive offices are located at 2886 Carriage Manor Point, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80906. After the Spin-Off we will obtain a new telephone number and email address and we will establish a website.
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Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
We qualify as an emerging growth company as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or "JOBS Act.” An Emerging Growth Company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other burdens that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include:
· | a requirement for quarterly and annual reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) to have only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related management’s discussion and analysis; |
· | reduced disclosure concerning executive compensation arrangements; |
· | exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; and |
· | No non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements. |
We have utilized some of these exemptions in this prospectus, which are also available to us as a smaller reporting company as defined under Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company utilize the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) for complying with new or revised accounting standards. We are choosing to “opt out” of such extended transition period, and as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.
We could remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, or until the earliest of (i) the last day of the first fiscal year in which annual gross revenue equals or exceeds $1.07 billion, (ii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, or (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three-year period.
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The price of our common stock may be materially affected by a number of risk factors, including those summarized below:
Risks Relating to Our Company
Our results of operations, cash flows and the value of our properties are highly dependent on the market prices of gold and silver and these prices can be volatile. The profitability of our gold and silver mining operations and the value of our mining properties are directly related to the market price of gold and silver. The price of gold and silver may also have a significant influence on the market price of our common stock. The market price of gold and silver historically has fluctuated significantly and is affected by numerous factors beyond our control. These factors include supply and demand fundamentals, global or national political or economic conditions, expectations with respect to the rate of inflation, the relative strength of the U.S. dollar and other currencies, interest rates, gold and silver sales and loans by central banks, forward sales by metal producers, accumulation and divestiture by exchange traded funds, and a number of other factors.
We derive our revenue from the sale of gold and silver and our results of operations will fluctuate as the prices of these metals change. A period of significant and sustained lower gold and silver prices would materially and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows. The volatility of mineral prices represents a substantial risk which no amount of planning or technical expertise can fully eliminate. In the event mineral prices decline or remain low for prolonged periods of time, we may be unable to develop our existing exploration properties, which may adversely affect our results of operations, financial performance, and cash flows. An asset impairment charge may result from the occurrence of unexpected adverse events that impact our estimates of expected cash flows generated from our producing properties or the market value of our non-producing properties, including a material diminution in the price of gold or silver.
During 2019, the price of gold, as measured by the London P.M. fix, fluctuated from a low of $1,270 per ounce to a high of $1,546 per ounce while the price of silver fluctuated from a low of $14.38 per ounce to a high of $19.31 per ounce. As of October 31, 2020, gold and silver prices were $1,882 per ounce and $23.36 per ounce, respectively. The volatility in gold and silver prices is illustrated by the following table, which sets forth for each of the past five calendar years, the high, low, and average annual market prices in U.S. dollars per ounce of gold and silver based on the daily London P.M. fix:
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
Gold: | ||||||||||||||||||||
High | $ | 1,297 | $ | 1,366 | $ | 1,346 | $ | 1,355 | $ | 1,546 | ||||||||||
Low | $ | 1,049 | $ | 1,077 | $ | 1,151 | $ | 1,178 | $ | 1,270 | ||||||||||
Average | $ | 1,160 | $ | 1,251 | $ | 1,257 | $ | 1,268 | $ | 1,393 | ||||||||||
Silver: | ||||||||||||||||||||
High | $ | 18.23 | $ | 20.71 | $ | 18.56 | $ | 17.52 | $ | 19.31 | ||||||||||
Low | $ | 13.71 | $ | 13.58 | $ | 15.22 | $ | 13.97 | $ | 14.38 | ||||||||||
Average | $ | 15.68 | $ | 17.14 | $ | 17.04 | $ | 15.71 | $ | 16.21 |
Our production is currently limited to a single mine and any interruptions or stoppages in our mining activities would adversely affect our revenue. We are entirely dependent on revenues from a single mine to fund our operations. Any interruption in our ability to mine this location, such as a labor strike, natural disaster, or loss of permits would negatively impact our ability to generate revenue following such interruption. Additionally, if we are unable to economically develop additional mines, we will eventually deplete our reserves and will no longer generate revenue sufficient to fund our operations. A decrease in, or cessation of, our mining operations at this mine would adversely affect our financial performance and may eventually cause us to cease operations.
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If we are unable to achieve anticipated gold and silver production levels, our financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected. We have proceeded with the processing of ore from the Isabella Pearl mine at the Isabella Pearl project, based on estimates from our Proven and Probable Reserve report. However, risks related to reserve estimates, metallurgy, and/or mining dilution are inherent when working with extractable minerals. Sales of gold and silver that we realize from future mining activity will be less than anticipated if the mined material does not contain the concentration of gold and silver predicted by our geological exploration, studies, and reports. If sales of gold and silver are less than anticipated, we may not be able to recover our investment in our properties and our operations may be adversely affected. Our inability to realize production based on quarterly or annual projections may also adversely affect the price of our common stock.
Estimates of proven and probable reserves are uncertain and the volume and grade of ore actually recovered may vary from our estimates. The proven and probable reserves stated in this prospectus represent the amount of gold and silver we estimated, at December 31, 2019, that could be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of the reserve determination. Estimates of proven and probable reserves are subject to considerable uncertainty. Such estimates are, to a large extent, based on the prices of gold and silver, as well as interpretations of geologic data obtained from drill holes and other exploration techniques. These prices and interpretations are subject to change. If we determine that certain of our estimated reserves have become uneconomic, we may be forced to reduce our estimates. Actual production may be significantly less than we expect.
Any material changes in mineral estimates and grades of mineralization may affect the economic viability of our current operations, our decision to place a new property into production and/or such property’s return on capital. There can be no assurance that mineral recoveries in small scale laboratory tests will be duplicated in a large-scale on-site operation in a production environment. Extended declines in market prices for gold or silver may render portions of our mineralization estimates uneconomic and result in reduced reported mineralization or adversely affect the commercial viability of one or more of our properties. Any material reductions in estimates of mineralization, or of our ability to extract this mineralization, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and stock price.
Our current property portfolio is limited to one producing property and our ability to remain profitable over the long-term will depend on our ability to expand the known deposits on this property, and /or identify, explore and develop additional properties. Gold and silver producers must continually replace reserves depleted by production to maintain production levels over the long term and provide a return on invested capital. Depleted reserves can be replaced in several ways, including expanding known ore bodies, locating new deposits, or acquiring interests in reserves from third parties. Exploration is highly speculative in nature, capital intensive, involves many risks and is frequently unproductive. Our current or future exploration programs may not result in new mineral producing operations. Even if significant mineralization is discovered, it will likely take many years from the initial phases of exploration until commencement of production, during which time the economic feasibility of production may change.
From time to time, we may acquire mineral interests from other parties. Such acquisitions are based on an analysis of a variety of factors including historical exploration results, estimates of and assumptions regarding the extent of mineralized material, and/or reserves, the timing of production from such reserves and cash and other operating costs. In addition, we may rely on data and reports prepared by third parties (including the ability to permit and compliance with existing regulations) which may contain information or data that we are unable to independently verify or confirm. All of these factors are uncertain and may have an impact on our ability to develop the properties.
As a result of these uncertainties, our exploration programs and any acquisitions which we may pursue may not result in the expansion or replacement of our current production with new ore reserves or operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, results of operations and financial position and price of our common stock.
We may not be profitable. Metal prices have a significant impact on our profit margin and there is no assurance that we will be profitable in the future. Unexpected interruptions in our mining business may cause us to incur losses, or the revenue that we generate from production may not be sufficient to fund continuing operations including exploration and mine construction costs. Our failure to generate future profits may adversely affect the price of our common stock.
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We may require significant additional capital to fund our business plans. We may be required to expend significant funds to determine if mineralized material and proven and probable mineral reserves exist at any of our non-producing properties, to continue exploration, and if warranted, develop our existing properties and to identify and acquire additional properties to diversify our property portfolio. If we receive the necessary permits and make a positive development decision, we will require significant additional capital to bring the project into production. We have spent, and may be required to continue to expend, significant amounts of capital for drilling, geological and geochemical analysis, assaying, feasibility studies, engineering, mine construction and development, and mining and process equipment in connection with our exploration, development, and production activities.
Our ability to obtain necessary funding for these purposes, in turn, depends upon a number of factors, including our historical and prospective results of operations, the status of the national and worldwide economy, the price of gold, silver and other valuable metals, the condition of the debt and equity markets, and the costs associated with extracting minerals. We may not be successful in generating or obtaining the required financing, or if we can obtain such financing, such financing may not be on terms that are favorable to us. Failure to obtain such additional financing could result in delay or indefinite postponement of further mining operations or exploration and construction and the possible partial or total loss of our interest in our properties.
If we do not hedge our exposure to fluctuations in gold and silver prices, we may be subject to significant reductions in price. We do not use hedging transactions with respect to any of our gold and silver production and we do not expect to do so in the future. Accordingly, we are fully exposed to price fluctuations if precious and base metal prices decline. While the use of hedging transactions limits the downside risk of price declines, their use also may limit future revenues from price increases. Hedging transactions also involve the risk that the counterparty may be unable to satisfy its obligations.
Revenue from the sale of doré may be adversely affected by loss or damage during shipment and storage at our buyer’s facilities. We rely on third-party transportation companies to transport our doré to the buyer’s facilities for processing and further refining. The terms of our sales contracts with the buyers require us to rely on assay results from samples of our doré to determine the final sales value for our metals. Once the doré leaves our processing facility, we no longer have direct custody and control of these products. Theft, loss, road accidents, improper storage, fire, natural disasters, tampering or other unexpected events while in transit or at the buyer’s location may lead to the loss of all or a portion of our doré products. Such losses may not be covered by insurance and may lead to a delay or interruption in our revenue and as a result, our operating results may be adversely affected.
Exploration and, if deemed feasible, development of mineral properties is inherently risky and could lead to unproductive properties and/or capital investments. Our long-term success depends on our ability to identify additional mineral deposits on our properties and any other properties that we may acquire and to develop one or more of those properties into commercially viable mining operations. Mineral exploration is highly speculative in nature, involves many risks and is frequently unproductive. These risks include unusual or unexpected geologic formations and the inability to obtain suitable or adequate machinery, equipment, or labor. The success of gold exploration is determined in part by the following factors:
· | The identification of potential gold mineralization based on surface and drill analysis; |
· | Availability of government-granted exploration and construction permits; |
· | The quality of our management and our geological and technical expertise; and |
· | The capital available for exploration and development. |
Substantial expenditures are required to establish proven and probable reserves through detailed drilling and analysis, to develop metallurgical processes to extract metal and to develop the mining and processing facilities and infrastructure at any site chosen for mining. Whether a mineral deposit will be commercially viable depends on a number of factors, which include, without limitation, the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade, metallurgy, rock competency and proximity to infrastructure such as power, water and roads; metal prices, which fluctuate widely; and government regulations, including, without limitation, regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting of minerals, environmental protection and local and community support. We may invest significant capital and resources in exploration activities and abandon such investments if we are unable to identify commercially exploitable mineral reserves. The decision to abandon a project may have an adverse effect on the market value of our common stock and our ability to raise future financing.
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We may acquire additional exploration stage properties and our business may be negatively impacted if reserves are not located on acquired properties. We may in the future acquire exploration stage properties. There can be no assurance that reserves will be identified on any properties that we acquire. We may experience negative reactions from the financial markets if we successfully complete acquisitions of additional properties and reserves are not located on acquired properties. These factors may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock or our financial condition or results of operations.
To the extent that we seek to expand our operations and increase our reserves through acquisitions, we may experience issues in executing acquisitions or integrating acquired operations. From time to time, we examine opportunities to make selective acquisitions in order to provide increased returns to our shareholders and to expand our operations and reported reserves and, potentially, generate synergies. The success of any acquisition would depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to:
· | Identifying suitable candidates for acquisition and negotiating acceptable terms; |
· | Obtaining approval from regulatory authorities and potentially our shareholders; |
· | Implementing our standards, controls, procedures, and policies at the acquired business and addressing any pre-existing liabilities or claims involving the acquired business; and |
· | To the extent the acquired operations are in a country in which we have not operated historically, understanding the regulations and challenges of operating in that new jurisdiction. |
There can be no assurance that we will be able to conclude any acquisitions successfully, or that any acquisition will achieve the anticipated synergies or other positive results. Any material problems that we encounter in connection with such an acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position, or trading price of our common stock.
We rely on contractors to conduct a significant portion of our operations and construction projects. A significant portion of our operations and construction projects are currently conducted in whole or in part by third party contractors. As a result, our operations are subject to a number of risks, some of which are outside our control, including:
· | The difficulty and inherent delay in replacing a contractor and its operating equipment in the event that either party terminates the agreement; |
· | Reduced control and oversight over those aspects of operations which are the responsibility of the contractor; |
· | Failure of a contractor to perform under its agreement; |
· | Interruption of operations and construction or increased costs in the event that a contractor ceases its business due to insolvency or other unforeseen events; |
· | Injuries or fatalities on the job as a result of the failure to implement or follow adequate safety measures; |
· | Failure of a contractor to comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, to the extent it is responsible for such compliance; and |
· | Problems of a contractor with managing its workforce, labor unrest or other related employment issues. |
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In addition, we may incur liability to third parties as a result of the actions of our contractors. The occurrence of one or more of these risks could adversely affect our results of operation, financial position, or trading price of our common stock.
The facilities and development of our mine and operations are subject to all of the risks inherent in development, construction, and operations. These risks include potential delays, cost overruns, shortages of material or labor, construction defects, breakdowns and injuries to persons and property. We expect to engage subcontractors and material suppliers in connection with the continued mine activities at the Isabella Pearl project. While we anticipate taking all measures which we deem reasonable and prudent in connection with our facilities, construction of the mine and the operation of the processing facility, there is no assurance that the risks described above will not cause delays or cost overruns in connection with such construction or operation. Any delays would postpone our anticipated generation of revenue and adversely affect our operations, which in turn may adversely affect our financial position and the price of our common stock.
Construction of mine and process facilities is subject to all of the risks inherent in construction and start-up, including delays and costs of construction in excess of our projections. When applicable, many factors could delay or prevent the start or completion of, or increase the costs of, future projects or ongoing construction projects at our mine and process facility, including:
· | Design, engineering and construction difficulties or delays; |
· | Cost overruns; |
· | Our failure or delay in obtaining necessary legal, regulatory and other approvals; |
· | Interruptions in the supply of the necessary equipment, or construction materials or labor or an increase in their price; |
· | Injuries to persons and property; |
· | Opposition of local and or non-governmental-organization interests; and |
· | Natural disasters, accidents, political unrest, or unforeseen events. |
If any of the foregoing events were to occur, our financial condition could be adversely affected and we may be required to seek additional capital, which may not be available on commercially acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to complete such construction, we may not be able to recover any costs already incurred. Even if construction of a mine and processing facility is completed as scheduled, the costs could exceed our expectations and result in a materially adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
Our operations are subject to permitting requirements which could result in the delay, suspension, or termination of our operations. Our operations, including our ongoing exploration drilling programs and production, require permits from governmental authorities. If we cannot obtain or maintain the necessary permits or if there is a delay in receiving future permits, our timetable and business plan will be adversely affected. We have from time to time relied on third party environmental firms to assist in our efforts to obtain and remain current with required regulations and permits. While we attempt to manage and oversee third party firms, we are dependent on the firm to operate in a professional and knowledgeable manner.
Our ability to recognize the benefits of net losses is dependent on future cash flows and taxable income. We recognize deferred tax assets when the tax benefit is considered to be more likely than not of being realized; otherwise, a valuation allowance is applied against deferred tax assets. Assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets requires management to make significant estimates related to expectations of future taxable income. Estimates of future taxable income are based on forecasted cash flows from operations and the application of existing tax laws in each jurisdiction. To the extent that future cash flows and taxable income differ significantly from estimates, our ability to realize the deferred tax assets could be impacted. Additionally, future changes in tax laws could limit our ability to obtain the future tax benefits represented by our deferred tax assets. At December 31, 2019 GRC Nevada Inc. (our wholly owned subsidiary) had recorded a $2.1 million valuation allowance for our net deferred tax assets as a result of the net operating losses recorded to date.
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Our continuing reclamation obligations at our operations could require significant additional expenditures. We are responsible for the reclamation obligations related to disturbances located on all of our properties. We have a liability on our balance sheet to cover the estimated reclamation obligation. However, there is a risk that any reserve could be inadequate to cover the actual costs of reclamation when carried out. Continuing reclamation obligations will require a significant amount of capital. There is a risk that we will be unable to fund these additional obligations and further, that the regulatory authorities may increase reclamation requirements to such a degree that it would not be commercially reasonable to continue mining and exploration activities, which may adversely affect our results of operations, financial performance and cash flows.
Competition in the mining industry is intense, and we have limited financial and personnel resources with which to compete. Competition in the mining industry for desirable properties, investment capital and personnel is intense. Numerous companies headquartered in the United States (“U.S.”) and elsewhere throughout the world compete for properties and personnel on a global basis. We are a small participant in the gold mining industry due to our limited financial and personnel resources. We presently operate with a limited number of personnel and we anticipate operating in the same manner going forward. We compete with other companies in our industry to hire qualified personnel when needed to successfully operate our mine and processing facility. We may be unable to attract the necessary investment capital or personnel to fully explore and, if warranted, develop our properties and be unable to acquire other desirable properties. We believe that competition for acquiring mineral properties, as well as the competition to attract and retain qualified personnel, may continue to be intense in the future.
Our activities are subject to significant environmental regulations, which could raise the cost of doing business or adversely affect our ability to develop our properties. Significant state and federal environmental laws and regulations in the U.S. may hinder our ability to explore, develop, and operate. Federal laws that govern mining claim location and maintenance and mining operations on federal lands are generally administered by the Bureau of Land Management. Additional federal laws, governing mine safety and health, also apply. State laws also require various permits and approvals before exploration, development or production operations can begin. Among other things, a reclamation plan must typically be prepared and approved, with bonding in the amount of projected reclamation costs. The bond is used to ensure that proper reclamation takes place, and the bond will not be released until that time. Local jurisdictions may also impose permitting requirements (such as conditional use permits or zoning approvals).
The nature of mineral exploration and production activities involves a high degree of risk and the possibility of uninsured losses. Exploration for and the production of minerals is highly speculative and involves greater risk than many other businesses. Many exploration programs do not result in the discovery of mineralization, and any mineralization discovered may not be of sufficient quantity or quality to be profitably mined. Our operations are, and any future mining operations or construction we may conduct will be, subject to all of the operating hazards and risks normally incident to exploring for and mining of mineral properties, such as, but not limited to:
· | Fluctuation in production costs that make mining uneconomic; |
· | Labor disputes; |
· | Unanticipated variations in grade and other geologic problems; |
· | Environmental hazards; |
· | Water conditions; |
· | Difficult surface or underground conditions; |
· | Industrial accidents; |
· | Metallurgic and other processing problems; |
· | Mechanical and equipment performance problems; |
· | Unusual or unexpected rock formations; |
· | Personal injury, fire, flooding, cave-ins and landslides; and |
· | Global pandemics such as the COVID-19 Coronavirus. |
Any of these risks can materially and adversely affect, among other things, the development of properties, production quantities and rates, costs and expenditures, potential revenues and targeted production dates. We currently have limited insurance to guard against some of these risks. If we determine that capitalized costs associated with any of our mineral interests are not likely to be recovered, we would incur a write down of our investment in these interests. All of these factors may result in losses in relation to amounts spent which are not recoverable or result in additional expenses.
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Title to mineral properties can be uncertain. Our ability to explore and operate our properties depends on the validity of our title to that property. Our U.S. mineral properties include patented and unpatented mining claims. Unpatented mining claims provide only possessory title and their validity is often subject to contest by third parties or the federal government, which makes the validity of unpatented mining claims uncertain and generally riskier. Uncertainties inherent in mineral properties relate to such things as the sufficiency of mineral discovery, proper posting and marking of boundaries, assessment work and possible conflicts with other claims not determinable from public record. There may be valid challenges to the title to our properties which, if successful, could impair development and/or operations.
We are dependent upon information technology systems, which are subject to disruption, damage, failure, and risks associated with implementation and integration. We are dependent upon information technology systems in the conduct of our operations. Our information technology systems are subject to disruption, damage, or failure from a variety of sources, including, without limitation, computer viruses, security breaches, cyber-attacks, natural disasters, and defects in design. Cybersecurity incidents, in particular, are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and the corruption of data. Various measures have been implemented to manage our risks related to information technology systems and network disruptions. However, given the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of information technology disruptions, we could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of our systems and networks or financial losses from remedial actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, competitive position, financial condition or results of operations.
We may also be adversely affected by system or network disruptions if new or upgraded information technology systems are defective, not installed properly or not properly integrated into our operations. If we are not able to successfully implement system upgrades or modifications, we may have to rely on manual reporting processes and controls over financial reporting that have not been planned, designed, or tested. Various measures have been implemented to manage our risks related to the system upgrades and modifications, but system upgrades and modification failures could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and could, if not successfully implemented, adversely impact the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.
We do not insure against all of the risks to which we may be subject in our operations and development. While we currently maintain general commercial liability, pollution and property insurance in Nevada, we may be subject to liability for certain environmental, pollution or other hazards associated with mineral exploration and mine construction, for which insurance may not be available, which may exceed the limits of our insurance coverage, or which we may elect not to insure against because of premium costs or other reasons. We may also not be insured against all interruptions to our operations. Losses from these or other events may cause us to incur significant costs which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and our ability to fund activities on our properties. A significant loss could force us to reduce or suspend our operations and development.
We depend upon a limited number of personnel and the loss of any of these individuals could adversely affect our business. Due to the relatively limited number of personnel that we employ, we are dependent on certain individuals to run our business. These individuals include our executive officer and other key employees. If any of these individuals were to die, become disabled or leave our company, we would be forced to identify and retain individuals to replace them. There is no assurance that we can find suitable individuals to replace them or to add to our employee base if that becomes necessary. We have no life insurance on any individual, and we may be unable to hire a suitable replacement on favorable terms should that become necessary.
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Risks Related to Our Common Stock
There currently exists no public trading market for our common stock and you will not be able to sell your shares of common stock if an active trading market does not develop. Although we expect that a public trading market will develop after the Spin-Off has been completed, there can be no assurance that a public trading market will develop at that time or be sustained in the future. Without an active public trading market, you may not be able to sell your shares without considerable delay, if at all. If a market does develop, the price for our common stock may be highly volatile and may bear no relationship to our actual financial condition or results of operations. Unless our common stock is listed on a national securities exchange, many brokerage firms may not be willing to sell our common stock on your behalf.
Our stock price may be volatile and as a result you could lose part or all of your investment. In addition to other risk factors identified and due to volatility associated with equity securities in general, our stock prices could decline due to the impact of numerous factors, including:
· | Changes in the worldwide price for gold and/or silver; |
· | Adverse results from our exploration, development, or production efforts; |
· | Producing at rates lower than those targeted; |
· | Political and regulatory risks; |
· | Weather conditions, including unusually heavy rains; |
· | Failure to meet our revenue or profit goals or operating budget; |
· | Decline in demand for our common stock; |
· | Downward revisions in securities analysts’ estimates or changes in general market conditions; |
· | Technological innovations by competitors or in competing technologies; |
· | Investor perception of our industry or our prospects; |
· | Lawsuits; |
· | Actions by government or central banks; and |
· | General economic trends. |
Stock markets in general have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations and the market prices of individual securities have been highly volatile. These fluctuations are often unrelated to operating performance and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. As a result, you may be unable to sell your shares at a desired price.
Issuances of our stock in the future could dilute existing shareholders and adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Our Directors have the authority to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of common stock, 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, and to issue options and warrants to purchase shares of our common stock without shareholder approval. Upon completion of the Spin-Off, we will have approximately 20,000,000 outstanding shares of common stock (subject to change prior to the record date of the Spin-Off) and no outstanding shares of preferred stock. Future issuances of our securities could be at prices substantially below the price paid for our common stock by our current shareholders. The issuance of a significant amount of our common stock may have a disproportionately large impact on our share price compared to larger companies.
Awards of our shares and stock options to employees may not have their intended effect. A portion of our total compensation program for our executive officers and key personnel will include the award of shares and options to buy shares of our common stock. If the price of our common stock performs poorly, such performance may adversely affect our ability to retain or attract critical personnel. In addition, any changes made to our stock option policies or to any other of our compensation practices which are made necessary by governmental regulations or competitive pressures could affect our ability to retain and motivate existing personnel and recruit new personnel.
Our directors and officers may be protected from certain types of lawsuits. The laws of Colorado provide that our directors will not be liable to us or our shareholders for monetary damages for all but certain types of conduct as directors of the company. Our bylaws permit us to indemnify our directors and officers against all damages incurred in connection with our business to the fullest extent provided or allowed by law. The exculpation provisions of these items may have the effect of preventing shareholders from recovering damages against our directors caused by their negligence, poor judgment, or other circumstances. The indemnification provisions may require us to use our limited assets to defend our directors and officers against claims, including claims arising out of their negligence, poor judgment, or other circumstances.
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We may issue shares of preferred stock that would have a liquidation preference to our common stock. Our Articles of Incorporation currently authorize the issuance of 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Our board of directors have the power to issue shares without shareholder approval, and such shares can be issued with such rights, preferences, and limitations as may be determined by our board of directors. The rights of the holders of common stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of any holders of preferred stock that may be issued in the future.
Although we presently have no commitments or agreements to issue any additional shares of preferred stock, authorized and unissued preferred stock could delay, discourage, hinder or preclude an unsolicited acquisition of our Company, could make it less likely that shareholders receive a premium for their shares as a result of any such attempt, and could adversely affect the market prices of, and the voting and other rights, of the holders of our shares of common stock.
Our Shareholder Rights Agreement may not be in the best interest of our shareholders. On October 15, 2020, we adopted a Shareholders Rights Agreement, commonly called a "Poison Pill", and declared a dividend of one Series A Right and one Series B Right, or collectively the Rights, for each share of our common stock which was outstanding on October 15, 2020. The Rights have certain anti-takeover effects and will cause substantial dilution to a person or group that attempts to acquire us on terms not approved by our Board of Directors. The effect of the Rights may be to discourage a third party from attempting to obtain a substantial position in our common stock or seeking to obtain control of us. To the extent any potential acquisition is deterred by the Rights, the Rights may make the removal of management difficult even if the removal would be considered beneficial to our shareholders generally and may have the effect of limiting shareholder participation in certain transactions such as mergers or tender offers if these transactions are not favored by our management.
You may have difficulty depositing your shares with a broker or selling shares of our common stock which you received in this offering. Many securities brokers will not accept securities for deposits and will not sell securities which trade in the over-the-counter market.
Further, for a securities broker which will accept deposit and agree to sell such securities in the over-the-counter market under certain circumstances, such broker may first require the customer to complete a questionnaire detailing how the customer acquired the shares, provide the securities broker with an opinion of an attorney concerning the ability of the shares to be sold in the public market, and pay a “legal review” fee which in some cases can exceed $1,000.
For these reasons, shareholders may have difficulty selling shares of our common stock.
We are an Emerging Growth Company, subject to less stringent reporting and regulatory requirements of other publicly held companies and this status may have an adverse effect on our ability to attract interest in our common stock. We are an Emerging Growth Company as defined in the JOBS Act. As long as we remain an Emerging Growth Company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and regulatory requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive if we choose to rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result of any choices to reduce future disclosure, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.
The occurrence of the COVID- 19 pandemic may negatively affect our operations depending on the severity and longevity of the pandemic. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a respiratory disease caused by a new novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a pandemic.
Precious metal mining is considered essential to support critical infrastructure under guidelines from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the State of Nevada. As a result, the Isabella Pearl Mine in Nevada has continued to operate at full capacity.
As of the date of this prospectus, there have been no significant impacts, including impairments, to our operations and financial statements. However, the long-term impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak and related advisories and restrictions. These developments and the impact of COVID-19 on the financial markets and the overall economy are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. If the financial markets and/or the overall economy are impacted for an extended period, our results of operations, financial position and cash flows may be materially adversely affected. We are not able to estimate the duration of the pandemic and potential impact on our business if disruptions or delays in business developments and shipments of product occur. In addition, a severe prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to our business, including a decreased ability to raise capital when and if needed on acceptable terms, if at all.
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Risks Relating to Our Spin-Off
We may be unable to make the changes necessary to achieve the perceived benefits of the Spin-Off and operate as an independent entity or we may incur greater costs, which could prevent us from operating profitably. Following the spin-off, GRC will have no obligation (beyond what is provided in the Separation Agreement and Management Services Agreement) to provide financial, operational, or organizational assistance to us. As a consequence, we may not be able to successfully implement the changes necessary to operate independently. We may also incur additional costs relating to operating independently that would cause our available cash resources to decline. These costs may include, but are not limited to, board of director fees, salaries for personnel, investor relations, accounting and auditing services, legal fees, and shareholder and transfer agent costs. We cannot guarantee that once we become a stand-alone company we will be profitable.
There could be significant liability if the distribution is determined to be a taxable transaction. There is no guarantee that the requirements for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Code will be satisfied with respect to the Spin-Off transaction. We have evaluated the requisite criteria, however, determination of taxability relies on certain facts, assumptions, representations and undertakings from the Company and Spin-Off regarding the past and future conduct of the companies’ respective businesses and other matters and the IRS may disagree with ours and our advisors’ assessments. If any of these facts, assumptions, representations, or undertakings is determined to be incorrect or not satisfied, the Company and its shareholders could be subject to significant tax liabilities following the distribution. We have not requested and do not intend to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of tax counsel that the distribution will qualify as a tax-free spin-off under U.S. tax laws.
We could have an indemnification obligation to GRC if the Spin-Off were determined not to qualify for non-recognition treatment. If, due to the breach of any of our covenants in the Separation Agreement with GRC, it were determined that the Spin-Off did not qualify for non-recognition of gain and loss, we could be required to indemnify GRC for the resulting taxes and related expenses. In addition, Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), generally creates a presumption that the Spin-Off would be taxable to GRC, if we or our shareholders were to engage in transactions that result in a 25% or greater change by vote or value in the ownership of our common stock during the two-year period beginning on the date that begins after the date of this Prospectus, unless it were established that such transactions and the Spin-Off were not part of a plan or series of related transactions giving effect to such a change in ownership. If the Spin-Off were taxable to GRC due to such 25% or greater change in the ownership of our common stock, GRC would recognize gain in an amount up to the fair market value of our common stock held by it immediately before the Spin-Off, and we generally would be required to indemnify GRC for the tax on such gain and related expenses. See “Relationship with Gold Resource Corporation After the Spin-Off- Separation Agreement” for more information.
We have agreed to numerous restrictions in the Separation Agreement with GRC to preserve the non-recognition treatment of the Spin-Off which restriction may limit our operating flexibility. We have agreed in the Separation Agreement with GRC to covenants that address compliance with Section 355(e) of the Code. These covenants may limit our ability to pursue strategic transactions or engage in new businesses or other transactions that might maximize the value of our business, and could discourage or delay transactions that our shareholders may consider favorable. See “Relationship with Gold Resource Corporation After the Spin-Off- Separation Agreement” for more information.
While our Board of Directors does anticipate authorizing the payment of cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, the determination to pay dividends will depend on many factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, general business conditions, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects, restrictions on the payment of dividends under Colorado law, and any other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant.
OUR CORPORATE REORGANIZATION AND CAPITALIZATION
We were organized under the laws of the State of Colorado on August 11, 2020. On August 18, 2020, GRC transferred all of the 10,000 issued and outstanding common stock shares of its wholly-owned subsidiary GRCN to us in exchange for 20,000,000 shares of Fortitude’s common stock. With the share transfer, GRCN became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fortitude and Fortitude became a wholly-owned subsidiary of GRC. Our audited financial statements as of August 15, 2020 and the unaudited financial statements as of September 30, 2020 are included in the Financial Statement section of this prospectus. Additionally, the audited financial statements of GRC Nevada Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are included in the Financial Statement section of this prospectus.
GRC will contribute $10 million in capital to the Company. This contribution will occur prior to the effective date of the Spin-Off. This capital contribution does not have to be repaid.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Fortitude Gold Corporation was incorporated in Colorado on August 11, 2020. On August 18, 2020 GRC transferred all of the issued and outstanding shares of GRCN to us. GRCN owns all of GRC’s former Nevada properties, including the Isabella Pearl project.
GRCN is a mining company which pursues gold and silver projects that are expected to have both low operating costs and high returns on capital. GRCN presently focuses on mineral production and exploration at our properties in Nevada, U.S.A. Our Isabella Pearl open pit mine produces gold and silver doré.
The following discussion summarizes the results of operations of GRCN and its subsidiaries for the two fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and for Fortitude Gold Corporation’s nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. GRCN became our wholly-owned subsidiary on August 18, 2020. It also analyzes GRCN’s financial condition at December 31, 2019 and our financial condition at September 30, 2020 with a particular emphasis on September 30, 2020.
Since our inception, we, as a stand-alone entity, have not had any operations. As a result, the following discussion pertains only to our wholly owned subsidiary, GRCN.
Consolidated Results of Operations – Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2018
Sales, net. For the year ended December 31, 2019, consolidated sales, net were $15.1 million as compared to nil for the same period in 2018. The increase is attributable to the Isabella Pearl operations commencing production and sales in May 2019 and selling 10,272 gold ounces in 2019.
Mine gross profit. For the year ended December 31, 2019, mine gross profit totaled $0.5 million compared to nil for the same period in 2018. The increase is attributable to the Isabella Pearl Mine commencing production and sales in May 2019. Production costs, depreciation and amortization and reclamation and remediation costs likewise commenced with the production of gold ounces. Gross profit in 2019 was decreased by a net realizable value inventory adjustment of $2.9 million related to lower grade ore mined during the initial start-up of the Isabella Pearl Mine.
General and administrative. For the year ended December 31, 2019, general and administrative expenses of $2.4 million did not materially change from $2.3 million for the same period in 2018.
Exploration expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2019, property exploration expenses totaled $0.9 million as compared to $2.3 million for the same period of 2018. The decrease of $1.4 million was the direct result of the 2018 focus being on the release of our maiden Proven and Probable mineral reserve estimate for the Isabella Pearl project totaling 192,600 gold ounces at an average grade of 2.22 g/t and the 2019 focus being on achieving commercial production.
Other expense, net. For the year ended December 31, 2019, other expense, net of $0.2 million did not materially change from $0.2 million for the same period in 2018.
Net loss. For the year ended December 31, 2019 we recorded a net loss of $3.0 million compared to net loss of $4.8 million in the corresponding period for 2018. The decrease is due to the changes in our consolidated results of operations as discussed above.
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Consolidated Results of Operations – Nine-months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Nine-months Ended September 30, 2019
Sales, net. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we sold 17,205 and 21,046 gold and silver ounces, respectively, for net sales of $30.3 million as compared to 5,175 and 4,146 gold and silver ounces, respectively, for net sales of $7.5 million for the same period in 2019. The increase in 2020 is largely due to realizing a full nine months of production in 2020 as the Isabella Pearl Mine commenced production in May 2019 as well as higher grade ore mined in 2020.
General and administrative. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, general and administrative expenses of $1.8 million did not materially change from $1.8 million for the same period in 2019.
Mine gross profit. For the first nine months of 2020, mine gross profit totaled $4.4 million compared to $0.4 million for the same period in 2019. This increase in mining gross profit is a result of higher average realized prices for sales and increased sales volumes as a result of higher grade ore mined in 2020.
Other expense, net. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, other expense, net of $0.2 million did not materially change from $0.1 million for the same period in 2019.
Provision for income taxes. No income taxes were recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as we realized net operating losses. However, we recorded $0.7 million of Nevada Net Proceeds of Minerals Tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and nil for the same period in 2019.
Net income (loss). For the nine months September 30, 2020, we recorded net income of $0.4 million compared to net loss of $2.2 million in the corresponding period for 2019. The change is due to the changes in our consolidated results of operations as discussed above.
COVID-19 Pandemic
In March 2020, the World Health Organization classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic based on the rapid increase in global exposure. In response to the pandemic, many jurisdictions, including the United States, instituted restrictions on travel, public gatherings, and certain business operations.
Currently the mining industry is listed as an essential business in the state of Nevada, accordingly, we continue to operate the Isabella Pearl Mine while utilizing safety measures. In an effort to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and protect the health and safety of our employees, contractors, and communities, we have taken precautionary measures including specialized training, social distancing, screening workers before they enter facilities, a work from home mandate where possible, and close monitoring of national and regional COVID-19 impacts and governmental guidelines. Since our non-mining workforce is able to work remotely using various technology tools, we are able to maintain our operations and internal controls over financial reporting and disclosures.
We are not able to estimate the long-term impact of COVID-19 on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity for fiscal year 2020.
Factors Affecting Future Operating Results
The results of our operations depend in large part upon the market prices of gold and silver. Gold and silver prices fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond our control. The level of interest rates, the rate of inflation, the stability of exchange rates, the world supply of and demand for gold, silver, and other metals, among other factors, can all cause significant fluctuations in commodity prices. Such external economic factors are in turn influenced by changes in international investment patterns, monetary systems, and political developments. The prices of gold and silver have fluctuated widely in recent years, and future price declines could cause a mineral project to become uneconomic, thereby having a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and share price of our common stock. We have not entered into derivative contracts to protect the selling price for gold or silver. We may in the future more actively manage our exposure through derivative contracts or other commodity price risk management programs, although we have no intention of doing so in the near-term.
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In addition to adversely affecting our reserve estimates, results of operations and/or our financial condition, declining gold and silver prices could require a reassessment of the feasibility of a project. Even if a project is ultimately determined to be economically viable, the need to conduct such a reassessment may cause delays in the implementation of a project.
Other factors that will most significantly affect future operating results will be:
· | Ongoing production ramp up at the Isabella Pearl mine |
· | Mine contractor meeting contractual terms |
· | Operational execution and metallurgical recovery results |
· | Replacement of ore mined by expansion of known mineralization or new discoveries |
· | Permit requirements and timing |
· | Retaining experienced personnel |
· | Exploration results |
· | Inflation and costs of production |
Other than the foregoing we do not know of any trends, events or uncertainties that have had, or are reasonably expected to have, a material impact on our revenues or expenses.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
GRCN’s primary sources of liquidity during development, construction and ramp up stages has been through cash contributions from GRC. As production and sales from our Isabella Peal Mine continues to increase, so has our cash position. As of September 30, 2020, we had a cash position of $6.8 million, which subsequently increased significantly to $11.1 million as of October 31, 2020, without additional cash contributions from GRC. We expect our liquidity to continue to improve in the near-term, as our production and sales increase. In addition, GRC will contribute $10 million upon completion of the Spin-Off.
As of September 30, 2020, we had positive working capital of $17.4 million, consisting of current assets of $25.8 million and current liabilities of $8.4 million. This represents an increase of $19.9 million from the negative GRCN working capital balance of $2.5 million at December 31, 2019. Our working capital balance fluctuates as we use cash to fund our operations, financing and investing activities, including exploration, mine development and income taxes. With our working capital as of September 30, 2020 and the addition of the $10 million capital contribution by GRC upon spin-off (see Our Corporate Reorganization and Capitalization above), we believe that our liquidity and capital resources are adequate to fund our operations, exploration, capital, and corporate activities for the next twelve months.
GRCN sources and (uses) of cash for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and our sources and (uses) of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are shown below:
Year ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | (5,079 | ) | $ | (5,342 | ) | $ | 2,741 | $ | (8,047 | ) | |||||
Capital expenditures | $ | (22,538 | ) | $ | (16,028 | ) | $ | (6,368 | ) | $ | (15,673 | ) | ||||
Contributions from GRC (1) | $ | 29,635 | $ | 22,391 | $ | 10,567 | $ | 26,341 | ||||||||
Repayment of loans | $ | (812 | ) | $ | (596 | ) | $ | (656 | ) | $ | (597 | ) | ||||
Payment on finance leases | $ | (410 | ) | $ | (382 | ) | $ | (326 | ) | $ | (305 | ) |
(1) | Contributions from GRC are not expected to be repaid. |
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2019, we had a $6.7 million off-balance sheet arrangement consisting of a $9.2 million surety bond off-set by a $2.5 million Reclamation Liability for future reclamation obligations for Isabella Pearl.
Contractual Obligations
The following table represents a summary of our contractual obligations at December 31, 2019, except short-term purchase order commitments arising in the ordinary course of business:
(1) | We signed a 24-month Contract Mining Agreement with a contract miner on November 14, 2018 relating to mining activities at our Isabella Pearl project. We will be paying the contract miner operational costs in the normal course of business. These costs represent the remaining future minimum payments for the Contract Mining Agreement over the initial 24 months of the agreement. The future minimum payments are determined by rates within the Contract Mining Agreement, estimated tonnes moved and bank cubic yards for drilling and blasting. The Contract Mining Agreement contains a renewal option, which was exercised on October 28, 2020 for a one-year term. |
Accounting Developments
For a discussion of Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, please see Note 2 to the audited financial statements in the Financial Statement section of this prospectus.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities and contingencies at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. As a result, management is required to routinely make judgments and estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different conditions or assumptions. The following discussion pertains to accounting estimates management believes are most critical to the presentation of our financial position and results of operations that require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments.
Revenue
Dore sales are recognized upon the satisfaction of performance obligations, which occurs when control of the doré transfers to the customer and price and quantity are agreed upon. Transfer of control occurs once the customer takes possession of the doré. Dore sales are recorded using quoted metal prices, net of refining charges.
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Proven and Probable Reserves
Critical estimates are inherent in the process of determining our reserves. Our reserves are affected largely by our assessment of future metals prices, as well as by engineering and geological estimates of ore grade, accessibility, and production cost. Metals prices are estimated at three-year trailing averages. Our assessment of reserves occurs annually, and we may utilize external audits in the future. Reserves are a key component in the valuation of our property, equipment and mine development and related depreciation rates.
Reserve estimates are used in determining appropriate rates of units-of-production depreciation, with net book value of many assets depreciated over remaining estimated reserves. Reserves are also a key component in forecasts, with which we compare estimated future cash flows to current asset values in an effort to ensure that carrying values are reported appropriately. Reserves are a culmination of many estimates and are not guarantees that we will recover the indicated quantities of metals or that we will do so at a profitable level.
Depreciation and Amortization
Capitalized costs are depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method or unit-of-production (“UOP”) method at rates sufficient to depreciate such costs over the shorter of estimated productive lives of such assets or the useful life of the individual assets. Significant judgment is involved in the determination of the estimated life of the assets. Our estimates for reserves are a key component in determining our UOP rates. Our estimates of proven and probable ore reserves may change, possibly in the near term, resulting in changes to depreciation, depletion and amortization rates in future reporting periods. Productive lives range from 1 to 10 years, but do not exceed the useful life of the individual asset.
Please see Note 1 to the audited financial statements in the Financial Statement section of this prospectus for depreciation rates of major asset categories.
Carrying Value of Stockpiles
Stockpiles represent ore that has been extracted from the mine and is available for further processing. Stockpiles are measured by estimating the number of tonnes added and removed from the stockpile, the number of contained ounces (based on assay data), and the estimated metallurgical recovery rates. Stockpile ore tonnages are verified by periodic surveys. Costs are added to stockpiles based on current mining costs, including applicable overhead and depreciation and amortization relating to mining operations and removed at each stockpile’s average cost per recoverable unit as material is processed.
We record stockpiles at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value represents the estimated future sales price based on short-term and long-term metals price assumptions that are applied to expected short-term (12 months or less) and long-term sales from stockpiles, less estimated costs to complete production and bring the product to sale. We recorded write-downs to reduce the carrying value of our current open-pit stockpiles at our Isabella Pearl Mine to net realizable value of $0.7 million in 2019 as a component of Production Costs, primarily due to the realized ore grade during the ramp-up stage of the mining activities. No net realizable value write-downs occurred in 2018. The significant assumption in determining the stockpile net realizable value at December 31, 2019 the gold price of $1,515 per ounce at December 31, 2019.
Carrying Value of Ore on Leach Pad
Ore on the leach pad represents ore that has been mined and placed on the leach pad where a solution is applied to the surface of the heap to dissolve the gold. Costs are added to ore on the leach pad based on current mining costs, including applicable depreciation and amortization relating to mining operations. Costs are removed from ore on the leach pad as ounces are recovered based on the average cost per estimated recoverable ounce of gold on the leach pad. Estimates of recoverable ore on the leach pad is calculated from the quantities of ore placed on the leach pad (measured tonnes added to the leach pad), the grade of ore placed on the leach pad (based on assay data) and a recovery percentage (based on ore type). In general, the leach pad is estimated to recover between 60% and 81% of the contained ounces placed on the leach pad, depending upon whether run-of-mine or crushed ore is placed on the leach pad.
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The metallurgical balancing process is constantly monitored and estimates are refined based on actual results over time. Variations between actual and estimated quantities resulting from changes in assumptions and estimates that do not result in write-downs to net realizable value are accounted for on a prospective basis. We recorded write-downs to reduce the carrying value of leach pad inventory at our Isabella Pearl Mine to net realizable value of $2.2 million in 2019 as a component of Production Costs, primarily due to the expected lower realized ore grade during the ramp-up stage of the mining and processing activities. The significant assumption in determining the net realizable value for the leach pad inventory at December 31, 2019 the gold market price of $1,515 per ounce at December 31, 2019.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used, using a fair-value based approach when events and circumstances indicate that the related carrying amount of our assets may not be recoverable. The economic environment and commodity prices may be considered as impairment indicators for the purposes of these impairment assessments. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the carrying value of a long-lived asset or asset group is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flows from such asset or asset group is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss will be recorded in our consolidated statements of operations based on the difference between book value and the estimated fair value of the asset or asset group computed using discounted estimated future cash flows, or the application of an expected fair value technique in the absence of an observable market price. Future cash flows include estimates of recoverable quantities to be produced from estimated proven and probable mineral reserves, commodity prices (considering current and historical prices, price trends and related factors), production quantities, production costs, and capital expenditures, all based on life-of-mine plans and projections. In estimating future cash flows, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows exist that are largely independent of cash flows from other asset groups. It is possible that actual future cash flows will be significantly different than the estimates, as actual future quantities of recoverable minerals, gold and other commodity prices, production levels and costs and capital are each subject to significant risks and uncertainties.
Asset Retirement Obligation/Reclamation and Remediation Costs
Our mining and exploration activities are subject to various laws and regulations, including legal and contractual obligations to reclaim, remediate, or otherwise restore properties at the time the property is removed from service. Accounting for reclamation and remediation obligations requires management to make estimates of the future costs that we will incur to complete the work required to comply with existing laws and regulations. Actual costs may differ from the amounts estimated. Reclamation costs are allocated to expense over the life of the related assets and are periodically adjusted to reflect changes in the estimated present value resulting from the passage of time and revisions to the estimates of either the timing or amount of the reclamation and remediation costs. Also, future changes to environmental laws and regulations could increase the extent of reclamation and remediation work required.
Stock-based Compensation
We account for stock-based employee compensation plans under the fair value recognition and measurement provisions in accordance with applicable accounting standards, which require all stock-based payments to employees, including stock grants, and grants of stock options, to be measured based on the grant date fair value of the awards, with the resulting expense generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the period during which the employee is required to perform service in exchange for the award.
Stock-based compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures in our consolidated statements of operations and as such is recorded for only those stock-based awards that we expect to vest. We estimate the forfeiture rate based on historical forfeitures of equity awards and adjust the rate to reflect changes in facts and circumstances, if any. We will revise our estimated forfeiture rate if actual forfeitures differ from our initial estimates.
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Income Taxes
The calculation of income tax expense, deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities involve significant management estimation and judgment involving a number of assumptions. In determining these amounts, management interprets tax legislation and makes estimates of the expected timing of the reversal of future tax assets and liabilities. We also make assumptions about future earnings, tax planning strategies and the extent to which potential future tax benefits will be used. We are also subject to assessments by various taxation authorities which may interpret tax legislation differently, which could affect the final amount or the timing of tax payments.
On August 18, 2020, GRC transferred all of the issued and outstanding shares of GRCN to us. GRCN owns all of GRC’s former Nevada properties, including the Isabella Pearl project. All references to “us” include our wholly owned subsidiary, GRCN unless the context requires otherwise.
We own 100% of five properties in Nevada, totaling 1,419 unpatented mining claims covering approximately 26,900 acres, subject to the paramount title of the United States of America, under the administration of the Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”). Under the Mining Law of 1872, which governs the location of unpatented mining claims on federal lands, the owner (locator) has the right to explore, develop, and mine minerals on unpatented mining claims without payments of production royalties to the U.S. government, subject to the surface management regulation of the BLM. Currently, annual claim maintenance fees are the only federal payments related to unpatented mining claims. Annual maintenance fees of $251,607 were paid during 2020.
In addition to the unpatented claims, we also own or lease 28 patented mining claims and fee lands covering approximately 600 acres in Mineral County, Nevada. The patented claims and fee lands are subject to payment of annual property taxes made to the county where they are located. Annual property taxes on our patented claims and fee lands have been paid through June 30, 2021.
Our properties in Nevada are located in the Walker Lane Mineral Belt which is known for its significant and high-grade gold and silver production. Activities at our properties in Nevada range from exploration, mineral delineation, and production. We believe that our Nevada properties have excellent potential for additional discoveries of both bulk tonnage replacement-type and bonanza-grade vein-type gold deposits, similar to other gold deposits historically mined by other companies in the Paradise Peak, Borealis, Bodie, Tonopah, and Goldfield districts.
Properties Overview
Our primary focus is to discover, delineate and advance potential open pit heap leach gold operations in Nevada and commence production on all properties where we discover economic deposits. We believe that our property portfolio is highly prospective based on geology, surface samples, and drill results. Close proximity between producing and prospective properties (approximately 50 kilometers or 30 miles or less in radius) may allow for equipment sharing and synergies whereby we may move equipment and resources from one project to the next. Our properties are being explored at various stages at any given time. Our primary focuses in 2020 and 2021 for our drill programs include testing exploration targets along the mineralized trend and structural corridor where our Isabella Pearl mine is located, planned delineation drilling of the known mineralized zones at Golden Mile and initial exploration drilling at our East Camp Douglas property in late 2020.
Isabella Pearl project (Production and exploration phase): We produce gold and silver doré from our Isabella Pearl Mine, heap leach operation and associated processing plant. We expect annual gold production to continue to increase into 2021 as we mine the higher-grade material in the Pearl deposit. Our most recent Proven and Probable reserve report as of December 31, 2019 includes 220,100 ounces gold at 3.05 g/t average grade. We expect gold recoveries of approximately 81% for crushed ore and 60% for the run-of-mine (“ROM”) ore. The deposit has a 3% net smelter royalty (“NSR”) on production. The Isabella Pearl deposit sits along a mineralized structural corridor where at least 4 historic open pit heap leach operations operated to the southeast along trend. We have acquired an interest approximately 10 kilometers (6 miles) of this structural corridor to the northwest of the Isabella Pearl deposit and target future exploration and discovery of additional mineralized zones. The property covers a large district-size land position with an area of approximately 8,900 acres consisting of 496 unpatented claims.
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Golden Mile property (Delineation and exploration phase): On June 15, 2020, we acquired the Golden Mile property. The sellers retained a 3% NSR on future production from the property. We have the right to buy down 1% of the NSR for $1.5 million. Third-party drill highlights include 36.6 meters of 10.26 g/t gold and 6.10 meters of 46.53 g/t gold. The property covers a large district size land position with an area of approximately 9,300 acres. We target future drill programs to further delineate at least two known areas of mineralization and discover additional mineralized zones.
East Camp Douglas property (Exploration phase): A large district size land position of approximately 5,600 acres. The property has a 3% NSR on future production from the property. A lithocap associated with high grade gold indicates proximity to an intrusive center for potential to host significant mineralization. Third-party drill highlights include 22.86 meters of 13.55 g/t gold. We received BLM approval of our Notice of Intent granting permission to drill the lithocap area and an initial drill program commenced in Q3, 2020.
Mina Gold property (Exploration phase): Adjoining the northwest edge of the Golden Mile property, a mineralized zone has been identified with drill highlights including 15.24 meters of 3.86 g/t gold. The property has a 3% NSR on future production. Early metallurgical test work indicates the mineral is amenable to heap leaching. We have drilled on the patented claims and target testing the mineral extent on the unpatented claims. The Mina Gold property consists of approximately 1,200 acres.
County Line property (Exploration phase): Located 23 kilometers (14 miles) north of the Isabella Pearl project, County Line has historic open pits with potential for additional mineralization discovery. The property has a 3% NSR on future production. Third-party drill highlights include 9.15 meters of 3.86 g/t gold and third-party channel samples of 33.50 meters of 3.76 g/t gold in the historic pit. Numerous untested targets remain on the property. The property covers a land position with an area of approximately 2,400 acres.
The maps and charts below show the general location and gold grade highlights of our properties:
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Production Property
Isabella Pearl
Location and Access: The Isabella Pearl project is located in the Gabbs Valley Range in Mineral County, approximately 240 kilometers (150 miles) southeast of Reno, Nevada. Access to the project is by a paved road approximately 10-kilometer (6 miles) north of the town of Luning, Nevada. The project has good connections to the infrastructure of west-central Nevada, with access roads to the project site linking to Nevada state route 361 and U.S. Route 95, the main highway between Reno and Las Vegas, Nevada.
Geology and Mineralization: The Isabella Pearl project is located in the central portion of the Walker Lane Mineral Belt, a major northwest-trending zone on the western border of Nevada characterized by a series of closely spaced dextral strike-slip faults that were active throughout much of the middle to late Cenozoic period. Volcanic rocks of middle Tertiary age cover much of the property and include intermediate lava flows and ignimbrite ash-flow sheets. The volcanic rocks unconformably overlie Mesozoic strata including Triassic and Jurassic sedimentary units and Cretaceous and Jurassic igneous units. Within the regional Walker Lane tectonic setting, several major fault zones trend through the property and are dominated by various splays and offset branches that host the gold mineralization in the area.
The gold-silver mineralized zones mainly include the Isabella, Pearl, and Civit Cat deposits, collectively referred to as the Isabella Pearl deposit. Alteration and mineral assemblages at Isabella Pearl, including widespread argillic alteration and generally abundant alunite, indicate the deposits belong to the high-sulfidation class of epithermal mineral deposits. Potassium-Argon age determinations indicate the mineralization is about 19 Ma, some 7 to 10 million years younger than the age of the host rocks. This early Miocene age conforms to the age of other high-sulfidation epithermal precious-metal deposits in the Walker Lane (e.g., Goldfield and Paradise Peak).
Facilities: We were granted a positive Record of Decision (“ROD”) from the BLM on the Environmental Assessment (“EA”) for the Isabella Pearl project in May 2018. This final permit allowed us to move the project forward into development and construction. Construction progress in 2018 included the completion of haul roads, office and laboratory buildings, construction of and liner placement on the heap leach pad, the pregnant and barren solution ponds, and connection of the water well. In 2018, we began installation of the Adsorption, Desorption and Recovery (ADR) processing facility, installed our crushing facility and commenced mining and waste removal of the first of several benches of the lower grade Isabella portion of the deposit with its estimated average grade of ~1 g/t gold. We achieved first gold production approximately 10 months after breaking ground on the project. During the second quarter of 2020 our overburden removal reached the first benches in the high-grade Pearl portion of the deposit estimated at ~3.7 g/t average with a ~5.0 g/t gold core deeper.
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Operating Data: The following tables summarize certain information about our operations at our Isabella Pearl project for the periods indicated:
Year ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
Ore mined | ||||||||||||||||
Ore (tonnes)(1) | 934,723 | - | 490,620 | 770,446 | ||||||||||||
Gold grade (g/t) | 0.76 | - | 1.60 | 0.70 | ||||||||||||
Low-grade stockpile (tonnes) | ||||||||||||||||
Ore (tonnes) | 529,959 | - | 70,467 | 472,120 | ||||||||||||
Gold grade (g/t) | 0.51 | - | 0.52 | 0.52 | ||||||||||||
Pre-strip waste | 3,801,302 | 1,346,316 | 2,514,809 | |||||||||||||
Waste (tonnes) | 703,058 | - | 3,597,770 | 432,530 | ||||||||||||
Metal production (before payable metal deductions)(2) | ||||||||||||||||
Gold (ozs.) | 10,883 | - | 16,747 | 5,381 | ||||||||||||
Silver (ozs.) | 9,752 | - | 20,154 | 4,459 |
(1) | 2019 amounts include run-of-mine ore and initial over liner of the heap leach pad. |
(2) | The difference between what we report as "metal production" and "metal sold" is attributable to the difference between the quantities of metals contained in the doré we produce versus the portion of those metals actually paid for according to the terms of our sales contracts. Differences can also arise from inventory changes incidental to shipping schedules, or variances in ore grades and recoveries which impact the amount of metals contained in doré produced and sold. |
Year ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2019 | 2018 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||
Metal sold | ||||||||||||||||
Gold (ozs.) | 10,272 | - | 17,205 | 5,175 | ||||||||||||
Silver (ozs.) | 8,332 | - | 21,046 | 4,146 | ||||||||||||
Average metal prices realized (1) | ||||||||||||||||
Gold ($ per oz.) | 1,468 | - | 1,773 | 1, 455 | ||||||||||||
Silver ($ per oz.) | 17.04 | - | 19.86 | 17.19 | ||||||||||||
Total cash cost before by-product credits per gold ounce sold | $ | 1,054 | $ | - | $ | 1,182 | $ | 999 | ||||||||
Total cash cost after by-product credits per gold ounce sold | $ | 1,040 | $ | - | $ | 1,158 | $ | 985 | ||||||||
Total all-in sustaining cost per gold ounce sold | $ | 1,049 | $ | - | $ | 1,191 | $ | 1,002 |
(1) | Average metal prices realized vary from the market metal prices due to final settlement adjustments from our provisional invoices when they are settled. Our average metal prices realized will therefore differ from the market average metal prices in most cases. |
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Exploration Properties
Golden Mile
On June 15, 2020, we purchased a 100% interest in the Golden Mile property located in Nevada’s Walker Lane Mineral Belt. The property covers an area of approximately 9,300 acres consisting of 451 unpatented and 5 patented claims. Located in the Bell Mining District, Mineral County, Nevada, approximately 36 kilometers (22 miles) east of the town of Luning, Nevada. Mineralization at the property is intrusion related, with primary gold and copper mineralization associated with skarn style replacement in carbonate units. Secondary mineralization is associated with structurally controlled stockwork and breccia zones. The “Golden Mile Stock” quartz diorite-granodiorite body is believed to be responsible for the gold-copper skarn mineralization. The stock is only exposed on surface in three small areas because most of its northern extent is covered by Tertiary volcanics. In late 2020, we plan for an initial drill program to target one of the two known areas of mineralization for confirmation and delineation drilling. Numerous additional exploration targets exist. In 2021, we plan to evaluate the known mineralized zones among a much larger conceptual project plan of multiple open pits along a trend at Golden Mile to the northwest and onto the Mina Gold property. We are evaluating the potential of at least three pits feeding ore to a strategically located heap leach and process facility. The conceptualized process plant is being evaluated to take the gold to carbon stage and then haul the carbon for processing at our ADR facility at Isabella Pearl for final doré production. Base line and background studies are being evaluated and budgeted alongside exploration efforts to move this property forward.
East Camp Douglas
In January 2017, we purchased a 100% interest in the East Camp Douglas gold property located in Nevada’s Walker Lane Mineral Belt. The property covers an area of approximately 5,600 acres consisting of 289 unpatented claims, 16 patented claims and additional fee lands in Mineral County, Nevada. Precious metal epithermal mineralization at East Camp Douglas occurs as both widespread high sulfidation alteration areas and low sulfidation veins. Modern exploration by several mining and exploration companies has established modest gold resource potential in five separate areas on the property, with over 3,000 meters of drill core and a large exploration database. We believe this large property has numerous untested gold targets with open pit heap leach potential warranting an extensive exploration program. We continued our review of historical geological, exploration and mining data on the East Camp Douglas property during 2019. Field exploration activities included surface geologic mapping, rock chip sampling and collection of samples for spectral analysis in the vicinity of workings of the historic Kernick, Sunset, and Triumph mine areas. We also commenced initial 3D-modeling for the historic mine areas. These historic mines and the lithocap area continue to be evaluated for surface drilling in the future. We initiated our first drill program to begin testing the very large lithocap area near the south end of the property during the third quarter of 2020.
Mina Gold
In August of 2016, we purchased 100% interest in the Mina Gold property located in Nevada’s Walker Lane Mineral Belt. The property has the potential to be a future open pit heap leach gold operation. Mina Gold reported a historic third-party estimate of mineralized material totaling 1,606,000 tonnes grading 1.88 g/t gold. The property covers an area of approximately 1,200 acres consisting of 61 unpatented claims and 5 patented claims. During 2018, we completed an 11-hole reverse circulation drilling program totaling 885 meters on the Mina Gold property. This drilling targeted expansion along strike and to depth known surface high-grade gold mineralization on our patented claims. In 2019, we reviewed results from previous surface drilling to guide follow-up drilling planned and other exploration activities for Mina Gold. During 2019, we expanded our land position at Mina Gold by leasing an additional 18 unpatented lode mining claims. These claims will be evaluated along with our other claims at the Mina Gold property in preparation for future surface drilling programs. In 2020 and 2021, we plan to evaluate the known mineralized zone among a much larger conceptual plan of multiple open pits along a trend to the south east onto the Golden Mile property whereby feeding ore to a strategically located heap leach and process facility. The conceptualized process plant is being evaluated to take the gold to carbon stage and then haul the carbon for processing at our ADR facility at Isabella Pearl for final doré production. Base line and background studies are being evaluated and budgeted.
County Line
In March 2018, we purchased a 100% interest in the County Line property. The property is located close to our other Nevada properties in central Nevada’s Walker Lane Mineral Belt in Mineral and Nye counties. In addition, we staked additional unpatented claims around the property to strengthen the land position and exploration potential. The total land package is 2,400 acres consisting of 116 unpatented lode mining claims and 6 unpatented placer mining claims. During 2018, we reviewed historical geological, exploration and mining data along with conducting surface mapping and rock chip sampling at County Line in preparation for a future initial surface drilling program.
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Proven and Probable Reserves
The term “proven (measured) reserves” means reserves for which (a) quantity is computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, workings or drill holes, grade, and/or quality are computed from the results of detailed sampling; and (b) the sites for inspection, sampling and measurements are spaced so closely and the geologic character is sufficiently defined that the size, shape, depth and mineral content of reserves is well established. The term “probable (indicated) reserves” means reserves for which quantity and grade and/or quality are computed from information similar to that used for proven (measured) reserves, but the sites for inspection, sampling, and measurement are farther apart or are otherwise less adequately spaced. The degree of assurance, although lower than that for proven (measured) reserves, is high enough to assume continuity between points of observation.
As of December 31, 2019, our estimate of Proven and Probable (“P&P”) reserves, all of which pertain to the Isabella Pearl project, was:
Description | Tonnes |
Gold
g/t |
Silver
g/t |
Precious
Metal
Gold Equivalent g/t |
Gold
Ounces |
Silver
Ounces |
Precious
Metal Gold Equivalent Ounces |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Isabella Pearl Project | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proven | 893,300 | 5.39 | 35 | 5.82 | 154,800 | 998,000 | 167,300 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Probable | 1,354,100 | 1.50 | 7 | 1.59 | 65,300 | 312,700 | 69,200 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Isabella Pearl Project Total | 2,247,400 | 3.05 | 18 | 3.27 | 220,100 | 1,310,700 | 236,500 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 2,247,400 | 3.05 | 18 | 3.27 | 220,100 | 1,310,700 | 236,500 |
Notes to the 2019 P&P reserves:
1. | Metal prices used for P&P reserves were $1,306 per ounce of gold and $16.32 per ounce of silver. These prices reflect the three-year trailing average prices for gold and silver. | |
2. | Precious metal gold equivalent is 80.03:1 determined by taking gold ounces produced or sold, plus silver ounces produced or sold converted to precious metal gold equivalent ounces using the gold to silver average price ratio for the period. | |
3. | For the Isabella Pearl Mine, the quantities of material within the designed pits were calculated using a cutoff grade of 0.44 Au g/t. | |
4. | Mining, processing, energy, administrative and smelting/refining costs were based on 2019 actual costs for the Isabella Pearl Mine. | |
5. | Metallurgical gold recovery assumptions used for the Isabella Pearl project were 81% for crushed ore and 60% for ROM ore. These recoveries reflect predicted average recoveries from metallurgical test programs. | |
6. | Isabella Pearl P&P reserves are diluted and factored for expected mining recovery. | |
7. | Figures in tables are rounded to reflect estimate precision and small differences generated by rounding are not material estimates. |
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For comparison, at December 31, 2018, our estimate of P&P reserves was:
Description | Tonnes |
Gold
g/t |
Silver
g/t |
Precious
Metal Gold Equivalent g/t |
Gold
Ounces |
Silver
Ounces |
Precious
Metal Gold Equivalent Ounces |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Isabella Pearl Project | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proven | 719,800 | 5.65 | 35 | 6.10 | 130,700 | 801,600 | 141,300 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Probable | 2,214,600 | 1.18 | 5 | 1.25 | 84,100 | 375,100 | 89,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Isabella Pearl Project Total | 2,934,400 | 2.28 | 12 | 2.44 | 214,800 | 1,176,700 | 230,300 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 2,934,400 | 2.28 | 23 | 2.44 | 214,800 | 1,176,700 | 230,300 |
Notes to the 2018 P&P reserves:
1. | Metal prices used for P&P reserves were $1,258 per ounce of gold and $16.62 per ounce of silver. These prices reflect the three-year trailing average prices for gold and silver. |
2. | Precious metal gold equivalent is 75.69:1 determined by taking gold ounces produced or sold, plus silver ounces produced or sold converted to precious metal gold equivalent ounces using the gold to silver average price ratio for the period. |
3. | For the Isabella Pearl project, the quantities of material within the designed pits were calculated using a cutoff grade of 0.61 Au g/t for crushed ore and 0.38 Au g/t for Run-of-Mine (“ROM”) ore. |
4. | Mining, processing, energy, administrative and smelting/refining costs were based on 2018 cost estimates used for the Isabella Pearl project feasibility study. |
5. | Metallurgical gold recovery assumptions used for the Isabella Pearl project were 81% for crushed ore and 60% for ROM ore. These recoveries reflect predicted average recoveries from metallurgical test programs. |
6. | Silver is an economic mineral of interest but only a minor amount will be recovered. Silver recoveries were not considered in the Isabella Pearl project feasibility study. |
7. | Isabella Pearl P&P reserves are diluted and factored for expected mining recovery. |
8. | Figures in tables are rounded to reflect estimate precision and small differences generated by rounding are not material to estimates. |
Our P&P Reserve estimates were prepared by Gold Resource Corporation’s technical staff under the direction of Fred H. Brown, Senior Resource Geologist, and Barry Devlin, Vice President of Exploration. Mr. Brown graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology from New Mexico State University in 1987, obtained a Graduate Diploma in Engineering (Mining) in 1997 from the University of the Witwatersrand and a Master of Science in Engineering (Civil) from the University of the Witwatersrand in 2005. He is registered with the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia and as a Professional Geoscientist and the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration as a Registered Member. Mr. Devlin holds a Bachelor of Science degree with honors in Geology, 1981, and a Masters in Geology, 1987, from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. He is also a Professional Geologist registered with the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia.
For a description of the key assumptions, parameters and methods used to estimate Proven and Probable Reserves included in this prospectus, as well as data verification procedures and a general discussion of the extent to which the estimates may be affected by any known environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-political, marketing or other factors, investors may review the annual reserve report filed as Exhibit 99.2 to our registration statement on Form S-1, of which this prospectus is a part.
Future Exploration
During the twelve months ending September 30, 2021, we anticipate spending approximately $1.6 million for exploration activities. Exploration expenditures may be modified depending on exploration results, metal market conditions and available capital.
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Condition of Physical Assets and Insurance
Our business is capital intensive and requires ongoing investment for the replacement, modernization or expansion of equipment and facilities. We maintain insurance policies against property loss and business interruption and insure against risks that are typical in the operation of our business in amounts that we believe to be reasonable. Such insurance, however, contains exclusions and limitations on coverage, particularly with respect to property loss, environmental liability, and political risk. There can be no assurance that claims would be paid under such insurance policies in connection with a particular event.
Environmental Matters
We conduct our operations so as to protect the environment and believe our operations are in compliance with applicable laws and regulations in all material respects. Our operating mine has a reclamation plan in place that we believe meets all applicable legal and regulatory requirements. At September 30, 2020, $4.1 million was accrued on our consolidated balance sheet for reclamation costs relating to operating and development properties.
Competitive Business Conditions
The acquisition of gold and silver properties is subject to intense competition. Identifying and evaluating potential mining prospects is a costly and time-consuming endeavor. We may be at a competitive disadvantage compared to many other companies with regard to exploration and, if warranted, advancement of mining properties. We believe that competition for acquiring mineral prospects will continue to be intense in the future.
Government Regulations and Permits
In the U.S., an unpatented mining claim on unappropriated federal land may be acquired pursuant to procedures established by the Mining Law of 1872 and other federal and state laws. These acts generally provide that a citizen of the U.S. (including a corporation) may acquire a possessory right to develop and mine valuable mineral deposits discovered upon appropriate federal lands, provided that such lands have not been withdrawn from mineral location, e.g., national parks, military reservations and lands designated as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. The validity of all unpatented mining claims is dependent upon inherent uncertainties and conditions. These uncertainties relate to such non-record facts as the sufficiency of the discovery of minerals, proper posting and marking of boundaries, and possible conflicts with other claims not determinable from descriptions of record. Prior to discovery of a locatable mineral on an unpatented mining claim, a mining claim may be open to location by others unless the owner is in possession of the claim.
To maintain an unpatented mining claims in good standing, the claim owner must file with the Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”) an annual maintenance fee ($165 for each claim, which may change year to year), a maintenance fee waiver certification, or proof of labor or affidavit of assessment work, all in accordance with the laws at the time of filing which may periodically change.
In connection with mining, milling and exploration activities, we are subject to United States federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment, including laws and regulations relating to protection of air and water quality, hazardous waste management and mine reclamation as well as the protection of endangered or threatened species. The departments responsible for the environmental regulation include the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP), Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”) and the Nevada Department of Wildlife (“NDOW”). Any of these regulators have broad authority to shut down and/or levy fines against facilities that do not comply with their environmental regulations or standards. Potential areas of environmental consideration for mining companies, including ours, include but are not limited to, acid rock drainage, cyanide containment and handling, contamination of water sources, dust, and noise.
We have obtained the permits necessary to develop, construct, and operate our Isabella Pearl project. In connection with these permits and exploration activities in Nevada, we are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations governing protection of the environment, including, but not limited to, the Clean Air Act; the Clean Water Act; the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act; the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act; the Endangered Species Act; the Federal Land Policy and Management Act; the National Environmental Policy Act; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; and related state laws. These laws and regulations are continually changing and are generally becoming more restrictive.
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Customers
For the year ended December 31, 2019 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, one customer accounted for 100% and 94% of our revenue from our Isabella Pearl mine, respectively. In the event that our relationship with this customer is interrupted for any reason, we believe that we would be able to locate another entity to purchase our products. However, any interruption could temporarily disrupt the sale of our principal products and adversely affect our operating results. We periodically review our options for alternative sales outlets to mitigate the concentration of risk in case of any unforeseen disruptions.
Employees and Contractors
We have 56 full-time employees, one of which serves as our executive officer. These individuals devote all of their business time to our affairs.
We contract for the services of approximately 60 individuals employed by third parties in Nevada and also use various independent contractors for environmental permitting, mining, surface exploration drilling and trucking.
As discussed in the Relationship with Gold Resource Corp. Following the Spin-Off section of this prospectus, we will contract with GRC for the services described within the agreement.
Office Facilities
Our executive and administrative headquarters are located at 2886 Carriage Manor Point, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80906 under a renewable one-year lease at a cost of $4,000 per month.
Mine Safety Disclosure
The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included as Exhibit 99.1 to the registration statement on Form S-1, of which this prospectus is a part.
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Officers and Directors
Name | Age | Position | |||
Jason D. Reid | 47 | Chief Executive Officer, President and Director | |||
Bill M. Conrad | 64 | Chairman of the Board of Directors |
Our directors serve in such capacity until the next annual meeting of our shareholders and until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. Our officers serve at the discretion of our directors. Our officers devote substantially all of their time to our business.
Jason D. Reid was appointed as our CEO, President and Director on August 11, 2020. Upon completion of the Spin-Off from GRC. Mr. Reid will step down from GRC where he will have previously served for over 14 years including CEO, President and Director positions. Mr. Reid joined GRC in 2006 when it was a private company and helped take it public with a self-underwritten IPO. Mr. Reid was part of a management team that took GRC from an exploration stage company, to a development stage company, to a gold and silver dividend paying producer. Under his tenure as President, GRC achieved 9 consecutive years of profitability, over a decade of production, generated over $1 billion in revenue and returned over $114 million in dividends to shareholders. At GRC, he also co-created and initiated the first known cash to physical gold and silver dividend program whereby shareholders could take delivery of precious metals. As an entrepreneur prior to GRC, Mr. Reid was the founder and president of two successful businesses, he ran for 13 years. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Fort Lewis College.
Our Board of Directors believes that Mr. Reid’s experience founding and operating his own business, as well as over fourteen years of mining industry experience, and significant participation in the development of business strategy and decision-making for the Company provides him with the appropriate experience and qualifications to serve as a member of our Board.
Bill M. Conrad was appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors on August 11, 2020. He also serves on the Board of Directors of GRC. Since June 2006, Mr. Conrad has held several positions on the GRC Board of Directors including Lead Independent Director, Audit Committee Chairman, Compensation Committee Chairman, and Nominating and Governance Committee Chairman. He currently serves as the Chairman of GRC’s Board, a position he has held since January 2014.
Over the past 35 years, Mr. Conrad has held executive suite positions with several public and private companies. These positions include CEO, President, Vice President, and CFO. In 1990, Mr. Conrad cofounded MCM Capital Management, Inc. a private management consulting firm which assisted private and public companies with management, financial needs, mergers, acquisitions, public and private markets, and funding and finance sources. MCM ceased operations in 2012 so that the principals could pursue other activities.
From August 2008 until March 2017, Mr. Conrad was a Director of Synergy Resources Corp. (NYSE American: SYRG & SRCI), an oil and gas company operating in the DJ Basin of Colorado. Mr. Conrad was a member of the Audit Committee, member of the Nominating Committee and Chairman of the compensation committee during his tenure at SYRG. From September 2013 until June of 2020, Mr. Conrad was the Chairman of the Board of Petroshare Corp., a publicly traded E&P company located in Denver, Colorado.
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Our Board believes that the management and corporate finance experience developed by Mr. Conrad over 35 years serving as an executive officer and director of numerous private and publicly-traded companies, his extractive industry experience, as well as his familiarity with relevant accounting principles and financial statement presentation, qualifies Mr. Conrad to serve as a director.
Our Board of Directors has the ultimate responsibility to evaluate and respond to risks facing us. Our Board of Directors fulfills its obligations in this regard by meeting on a regular basis and communicating, when necessary, with our officers.
We have adopted a Code of Ethics which is applicable to our principal executive, financial, and accounting officers and persons performing similar functions. The Code of Ethics is filed as Exhibit 14 to our registration on Form S-1, of which this prospectus is a part.
Holders of our common stock can send written communications to our entire Board of Directors, or to one or more Board members, by addressing the communication to “the Board of Directors” or to one or more directors, specifying the director or directors by name, and sending the communication to our corporate office in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Communications addressed to the Board of Directors as whole will be delivered to each Board member. Communications addressed to a specific director (or directors) will be delivered to the director (or directors) specified.
A security holder communication not sent to the Board of Directors as a whole is not relayed to Board members which did not receive the communication.
Mr. Conrad is one of our two Directors and after this offering will continue as a Director of GRC. Although our operations are presently in Nevada and the operations of GRC are in Mexico, it is possible that some of our operations and those of GRC may in the future be in the same areas. Conflicts also may arise with respect to the Separation Agreement and the Management Services Agreement we have with GRC. In such a case, a conflict of interest may arise with respect to Mr. Conrad’s actions as our Director and a Director of GRC. If a conflict does arise, Mr. Conrad will recuse himself from voting as one of our Directors and as a Director of GRC.
Executive Compensation
Our executive officers are compensated through the following three components:
· | Base Salary |
· | Short-Term Incentives (cash bonuses) |
· | Long-Term Incentives (equity-based awards) |
· | Benefits |
These components provide a balanced mix of base compensation and compensation that is contingent upon our executive officer’s individual performance. A goal of the compensation program is to provide executive officers with a reasonable level of security through base salary and benefits. We want to ensure that the compensation programs are appropriately designed to encourage executive officer retention and motivation to create shareholder value. We believe that our shareholders are best served when we can attract and retain talented executives by providing compensation packages that are competitive but fair.
Base Salaries
Base salaries generally have been targeted to be competitive when compared to the salary levels of persons holding similar positions in other publicly traded mining companies of comparable size. The executive officer’s respective responsibilities, experience, expertise, and individual performance are considered.
Short-Term Incentives
Cash bonuses may be awarded at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors based upon a variety of factors that encompass both individual and company performance.
Long-Term Incentives
Equity incentive awards help to align the interests of our employees with those of our shareholders. Equity based awards are made under our Equity Incentive Plan. Options are granted with exercise prices equal to the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant and may be subject to a vesting schedule as determined by the Board of Directors who administer the plan.
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We believe that grants of equity-based compensation:
· | enhance the link between the creation of shareholder value and long-term executive incentive compensation; |
· | provide focus, motivation, and retention incentive; and |
· | provide competitive levels of total compensation |
In addition to cash and equity compensation programs, executive officers participate in the health and welfare benefit programs available to other employees.
Compensation Table
Since our inception on August 11, 2020, we have not compensated any person for acting as a director. The following table sets forth in summary form the compensation received by our Chief Executive Officer for each of the two fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 from GRC which, during the years presented, employed the person listed in the table. Following the Spin-Off, these persons will be employed by us and no longer compensated by GRC:
Name and
Principal Position |
Fiscal
Year |
Salary
(1) |
Bonus
(2) |
Stock
Awards (3) |
Option
Awards (4) |
Non-Equity
Incentive Plan Compensation (5) |
All
Other
Compensation (6) |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jason Reid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CEO & President | 2019 | $ | 630,000 | $ | 204,000 | $ | 378,548 | $ | 31,500 | 31,500 | $ | 9,727 | $ | 1,285,275 | ||||||||||||||||||
2018 | $ | 630,000 | - | $ | 157,499 | $ | 763,233 | 169,470 | $ | 9,508 | $ | 1,729,710 |
(1) | The dollar value of base salary (cash and non-cash) earned. |
(2) | The dollar value of bonus (cash and non-cash) earned. |
(3) | The value of all stock awarded during the periods covered by the table is calculated according to ASC 718-10-30-3 which represented the grant date fair value. |
(4) | The fair value of all stock options granted during the periods covered by the table are calculated on the grant date in accordance with ASC 718-10-30-3 which represented the grant date fair value. |
(5) | The dollar value of cash earned under the short-term incentive plan. |
(6) | All other compensation includes employer contributions to Mr. Reid’s 401(k) plan and the value of one gold and one silver round. |
Directors' Compensation
As of the date of this Prospectus, we have not established any standard compensation arrangement for our Directors. We nevertheless expect to pay Mr. Conrad $16,750 per month for acting as a Director. We do not expect to compensate Mr. Reid for acting as a Director.
Employment Agreement
We have entered into an employment agreement with Jason Reid which will become effective after the Spin-Off. During the term of the agreement, we will pay Mr. Reid an annual salary of $500,000 as well as any increases approved by the Board of Directors during the term of the employment agreement.
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During the employment term, Mr. Reid will be entitled to receive any other benefits which are provided to our executive officers or other full-time employees in accordance with our policies and practices and subject to satisfaction of any applicable conditions of eligibility.
If Mr. Reid resigns within ninety (90) days of the occurrence of any of the following events: (i) a reduction in base salary (ii) a relocation (or demand for relocation) of Mr. Reid’s place of employment to a location more than ten (10) miles from his current place of employment, (iii) a significant and material reduction in Mr. Reid’s authority, job duties or level of responsibility or the imposition of significant and material limitations on the Mr. Reid’s autonomy in his position, or (iv) a Change in Control, then the employment agreement will be terminated and Mr. Reid will be entitled to receive a lump-sum payment from us equal to 24 months’ base salary plus other cash bonuses paid in the preceding 24 months and the unvested portion of any stock options or stock awards shall immediately vest. For purposes of the employment agreement a change in the control means: (1) our merger with another entity if after such merger our shareholders do not own at least 50% of voting capital stock of the surviving corporation; (2) the sale of 40% or more of our assets during any twelve-month period; (3) the acquisition by any person of more than 50% of our common stock; or (4) a change in a majority of our directors which has not been approved by the incumbent directors.
The employment agreement will also terminate upon the willful misconduct, an act of fraud against us, or a breach of the employment agreement by Mr. Reid, or his death in which case he will be paid the salary provided by the employment agreement through the date of termination.
Equity Incentive Plan
Our Board of Directors has adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) that reserves five million shares of common stock for issuance to plan participants in the form of incentive and non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), and stock grants and units. Each stock option awarded allows the holder to purchase one share of our common stock.
The Plan is administered by our Board of Directors (or any committee subsequently appointed by the Board) and is vested with the authority to interpret the provisions of the Plan and supervise the administration of the Plan. In addition, the Board is empowered to select those persons who will participate in the Plan, to determine the number of shares subject to each award and to determine when, and upon what conditions, awards granted under the Plan will vest, terminate, or otherwise be subject to forfeiture and cancellation. The terms and conditions of any awards issued, including the price of the shares underlying each award are governed by the provisions of the Plan and any agreements with the Plan participants.
Incentive Stock Options
All of our employees are eligible to be granted incentive stock options pursuant to the Plan. Options granted pursuant to the Plan terminate at such time as may be specified when the option is granted.
The exercise price of each option cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock at the time of the granting of the option provided, however, if the optionee, at the time the option is granted, owns stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our stock, the purchase price of the option shall not be less than 110% of the fair market value of the stock at the time of the granting of the option.
The total fair market value of the shares of common stock (determined at the time of the grant of the option) for which any employee may be granted options which are first exercisable in any calendar year may not exceed $100,000.
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At the discretion of the Board of Directors, options granted pursuant to the Plan may include installment exercise terms for any option such that the option becomes fully exercisable in a series of cumulating portions. The Board may also accelerate the date upon which any option (or any part of any option) is first exercisable. However, no option, or any portion thereof may be exercisable until one year following the date of grant. In no event shall an option granted to an employee then owning more than 10% of our common stock be exercisable by its terms after the expiration of five years from the date of grant, nor shall any other option granted pursuant to the Plans be exercisable by its terms after the expiration of ten years from the date of grant.
Non-Qualified Stock Options
Our employees, directors and officers, and consultants or advisors are eligible to receive non-qualified stock options pursuant to the Plan, provided however that bona fide services must be rendered by such consultants or advisors and such services must not be in connection with a capital-raising transaction or promoting our common stock.
At the discretion of our Board of Directors options granted pursuant to the Plan may include installment exercise terms for any option such that the option becomes fully exercisable in a series of cumulating portions. The Board may also accelerate the date upon which any option (or any part of any option) is first exercisable.
Stock Appreciation Rights
SARs give the participant the right to receive the appreciation in value of one share of common stock of the Company. Appreciation is calculated as the excess of (i) the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of exercise over (ii) the base value fixed by the Board on the grant date, which may not be less than the fair market value of a share of common stock on the grant date. Payment for SARs shall be made in cash, stock, or a combination thereof. SARs are exercisable at the time and subject to the restrictions and conditions as the Board approves, provided that no SAR may be exercised more than ten (10) years following the grant date.
Restricted Stock
A restricted stock award gives the participant the right to receive a specified number of shares of common stock at a purchase price determined by the Board (including and typically zero). Restrictions limit the participant’s ability to transfer the stock and subject the stock to a substantial risk of forfeiture until specific conditions or goals are met. The restrictions will lapse in accordance with a schedule or other conditions as determined by the Board, which might include the achievement of specified performance targets and/or continued employment of the participant until a specified date. As a general rule, if a participant terminates employment when the restricted stock is subject to restrictions, the participant forfeits the unvested restricted stock.
Restricted Stock Units ("RSU")
An RSU award gives the participant the right to receive common stock, or a cash payment equal to the fair market value of common stock (determined as of a specified date), in the future, subject to restrictions and a risk of forfeiture. The restrictions typically involve the achievement of specified performance targets and/or the continued employment or service of the participant until a specified date. Participants holding restricted stock units have no rights as a shareholder with respect to the shares of stock subject to their restricted stock unit award prior to the issuance of such shares pursuant to the award.
Stock Grants
A stock grant award gives the participant the right to receive (or purchase at such price as determined by the Board) shares of stock, free of any vesting restrictions. The purchase price, if any, for a stock grant award shall be payable in cash or in any other form of consideration acceptable to the Board. A stock grant award may be granted or sold in respect of past services or other valid consideration, or in lieu of any cash compensation owed to a participant.
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Stock Units
A stock unit award gives the participant the right to receive shares of stock, or a cash payment equal to the fair market value of a designated number of shares, in the future, free of any vesting restrictions. A stock unit award may be granted or sold in respect of past services or other valid consideration, or in lieu of any cash compensation owed to a participant
Other Information Regarding the Plan
In the discretion of the Board, any option granted pursuant to the Plan may include installment exercise terms such that the option becomes fully exercisable in a series of cumulating portions. The Board may also accelerate the date upon which any option (or any part of any options) is first exercisable. Any shares issued pursuant to the Plan and any options granted pursuant to the Plan or will be forfeited if the "vesting" schedule established by the Board administering the Plan at the time of the grant is not met. For this purpose, vesting means the period during which the employee must remain as our employee or the period of time a non-employee must provide services to us. At the time an employee ceases working for us (or at the time a non-employee ceases to perform services for us), any shares or options not fully vested will be forfeited and cancelled. At the discretion of the Board payment for the shares of common stock underlying options may be paid through the delivery of shares of our common stock having an aggregate fair market value equal to the option price, provided such shares have been owned by the option holder for at least one year prior to such exercise. The exercise may be made through a "cashless" exercise or a combination of cash and shares of common stock at the discretion of the Board.
Awards are generally non-transferable except upon death of the recipient. Shares issued pursuant to the Plan will generally not be transferable until the person receiving the shares satisfies the vesting requirements imposed by the Board when the shares were issued.
Our Board of Directors may at any time, and from time to time, amend, terminate, or suspend one or more of the Plans in any manner it deems appropriate, provided that such amendment, termination or suspension will not adversely affect rights or obligations with respect to shares or options previously granted
As of the date of this prospectus, we have zero awards outstanding pursuant to this Plan.
The following table provides information with respect to the expected beneficial ownership of our Common Stock, following the distribution of our shares in connection with the Spin-Off, (i) each person or entity that we believe, based on the assumptions described below, will be a beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding Common Stock following the Spin-Off, (ii) each person who we expect will serve as a director following the Spin-Off and each named executive officer and (iii) all our expected directors and executive officers following the Spin-Off as a group. We based the share amounts on (i) an estimated 20,000,000 shares of our common stock (subject to change prior to the record date of the Spin-Off) being issued, (ii) each person or entity’s beneficial ownership of GRC common stock as of the date of this prospectus. The actual number of shares of our common stock outstanding following the Spin-Off will depend on the actual number of shares of GRC common stock outstanding on the Record Date.
To the extent our directors and officers own GRC common stock at the time of the Spin-Off, they will participate in the Spin-Off on the same terms as other shareholders of GRC stock. Each owner has sole voting and investment power over their shares of common stock.
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Name and Address of Beneficial Owner | Shares Owned |
Percent of
Outstanding Shares |
||||||
Jason Reid
2886 Carriage Manor Point Colorado Springs, CO 80906 |
345,507 | (1) | 1.73 | % | ||||
Bill M. Conrad
2886 Carriage Manor Point Colorado Springs, CO 80906 |
64,312 | 0.32 | % | |||||
BlackRock Inc.
55 East 52nd St. New York, NY 10055 |
1,109,848 | 5.55 | % | |||||
All officers and directors as a group (2 persons) | 409,819 | 2.05 | % |
(1) | Includes 153,373 shares owned indirectly by the reporting person. |
Shares received by the foregoing persons as a result of the Spin-Off are considered “control securities.” In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, a person who beneficially owns control securities may not sell within any three-month period a number of shares in excess of the greater of: (i) 1% of the then outstanding shares of our common stock; or (ii) the average weekly reported trading volume in our common stock during the four calendar weeks preceding the sale. Sales under Rule 144 by the foregoing persons will also be subject to restrictions relating to manner of sale, notice and the availability of current public information about us and may only be made through unsolicited brokers’ transactions.
On October 5, 2020, GRC announced its intention to spin-off its wholly owned subsidiary GRCN to its shareholders as a separate, publicly traded company named Fortitude Gold Corporation (“FGC”). The Spin-Off is subject to certain customary conditions, including the approval of Fortitude’s registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and final approval by the Company’s Board of Directors and is targeted to be completed by year-end 2020 or the first quarter of 2021. The potential benefits and the reasons GRC pursued the Spin-Off include, but are not limited to the following:
· | Allows GRCN to operate as a stand-alone company to employ a separate business strategy to maximize shareholder value. | |
· | Allocation of capital and cashflow in a more efficient and effective manner for a business strategy targeting future dividends and potential market valuations based on yield. | |
· | Unlock a value premium for GRCN through recognition of its operating location in one of the world’s premier mining jurisdictions. | |
· | Optimize capital structure for specific business strategy. | |
· | Allow GRCN to focus on open-pit, heap leach operations in Nevada |
A total of approximately 20,000,000 shares of our common stock (subject to change prior to the record date of the Spin-Off) will be distributed pro rata to the shareholders of Gold Resource Corporation (GRC) as a result of the Spin-Off. You will receive [___] shares of FGC for each share of GRC owned as of the record date. The shares to be distributed will represent 100% of our outstanding shares of common shares. Fractional shares of common stock will be distributed in connection with the Spin-Off.
No shareholder of GRC will be required to make any payment, exchange any shares or to take any other action in order to receive our shares.
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The record date for the distribution of our shares is [______], 2020. After the record date, GRC’s shares will trade "ex-dividend,” meaning that persons who buy GRC’s common shares after the ex-dividend date are not entitled to participate in the distribution.
All of our common stock will be delivered to Computershare, GRC’s transfer agent, on the record date. The distribution of our shares to the shareholders of GRC will be within 10 days following the record date. If you hold your GRC common shares in a brokerage account, your shares of our common stock will be credited to that account. If you hold GRC shares in a certificated form or in “book entry form” (shareholder does not receive a certificate, rather, their broker keeps a record of the owned security in their books), your shares will be held by Computershare in book entry form. While in book entry form your shares can be transferred electronically to your broker. You can also request Computershare to issue you a certificate for your shares.
Market for our Common Stock
There is currently no public market for our common stock. We do not expect a market for our common shares to develop until after the Spin-Off. Initially, our shares will not qualify for trading on any national or regional stock exchange or on the Nasdaq Stock Market. We have engaged R. F. Lafferty & Co., Inc. to serve as market-maker and quote our shares on the over-the-counter market maintained by the OTC Market Group. Eventually, we may apply for listing of our common stock on the NYSE American or Nasdaq. If a public trading market develops for our common stock, of which there can be no assurance, we cannot ensure that an active trading market will be available to you. Many factors will influence the market price of our common stock, including the depth and liquidity of the market which develops, investor perception of our business and growth prospects and general market conditions.
Tax Consequences of the Spin-Off
In connection with the Spin-Off, we expect that:
· | no gain or loss will be recognized by, or be includible in the income of, a U.S. Holder as a result of the Spin-Off; |
· | the aggregate tax basis of the GRC common stock and our common stock held by each U.S. Holder immediately after the Spin-Off will be the same as the aggregate tax basis of the GRC common stock held by the U.S. Holder immediately before the Spin-Off, allocated between GRC common stock and our common stock in proportion to their relative fair market values on the date of the Spin-Off; and |
· | the holding period of our common stock received by each U.S. Holder will include the holding period of their GRC common stock, provided that such GRC common stock is held as a capital asset on the date of the Spin-Off. |
U.S. Holders that have acquired different blocks of GRC common stock at different times or at different prices should consult their tax advisors regarding the allocation of their aggregate adjusted tax basis among, and the holding period of, shares of our common stock distributed with respect to such blocks of GRC common stock.
The foregoing does not address any U.S. state or local or foreign tax consequences of the Spin-Off.
We have not requested and do not intend to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of tax counsel that the distribution will qualify as a tax-free spin-off under the U.S. tax laws. As a result, the foregoing is not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or the courts, and we cannot assure you that the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position.
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If the Spin-Off was determined not to qualify for non-recognition of gain and loss, the above consequences would not apply and U.S. Holders could be subject to tax. In this case, each U.S. Holder who receives our common stock in the Spin-Off would generally be treated as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the fair market value of our common stock received, which would generally result in:
· | a taxable dividend to the U.S. Holder to the extent of that U.S. Holder’s pro rata share of GRC’s current and accumulated earnings and profits; and |
· | a reduction in the U.S. Holder’s basis (but not below zero) in the holder’s GRC common stock to the extent the amount received exceeds the holder’s share of GRC’s earnings and profits. |
RELATIONSHIP WITH GOLD RESOURCE CORPORATION AFTER THE SPIN-OFF
Following the Spin-Off, the Company and GRC will operate separately, with each as an independent public company. Prior to the Spin-Off, the Company will enter into a separation agreement with GRC, which is referred to in this prospectus as the “Separation Agreement.” The Separation Agreement will provide for the allocation between the Company and GRC of the assets, employees, liabilities and obligations (including investments, property and employee benefits and tax-related assets and liabilities) of the Company and its subsidiaries attributable to periods prior to, at and after the Spin-Off and will govern the relationship between the Company and GRC subsequent to the completion of the Spin-Off. The Company will also enter into a Management Services Agreement with GRC which is described below.
Separation Agreement
Transfer of Assets and Assumption of Liabilities
GRC transferred all of the outstanding shares of GRC Nevada Inc. to us on August 18, 2020. As the owner of all of the outstanding shares of GRCN, we indirectly own all of GRCN's assets, are responsible for all of GRCN's liabilities, and are a party to all of GRCN contracts. The Separation Agreement provides, that if we discover we are holding any assets belonging to GRC, we will transfer these assets to GRC and if GRC is liable on liabilities which are our responsibility, we will assume such liabilities. The same provisions apply to GRC with respect to assets held by GRC which belong to us and any of our liabilities which GRC will be required to assume.
The Separation Agreement will also provide for the allocation between the parties of rights and obligations under existing insurance policies with respect to occurrences prior to the distribution date and will set forth procedures for the administration of insured claims and certain other insurance matters.
Claims
In general, each party to the separation agreement will assume liability for all pending, threatened and unasserted legal matters related to its own business or its assumed or retained liabilities and will indemnify the other party for any liability to the extent arising out of or resulting from such assumed or retained legal matters.
Tax Matters
The Separation Agreement governs the respective rights, responsibilities and obligations of GRC and us after the Spin-Off with respect to all tax matters (including tax liabilities, tax attributes, tax returns and tax contests).
The Separation Agreement generally provides that we will indemnify GRC for (1) any taxes that are our liability. In addition, the Separation Agreement provides that we will be required to indemnify GRC for any taxes (and reasonable expenses) resulting from the failure of the Spin-Off and related internal transactions to qualify for their intended tax treatment under U.S. federal income tax law, where such taxes result from (1) breaches of covenants that we will agree to in connection with the Spin-Off (including covenants containing the restrictions described below that are designed to preserve the tax-free nature of the Spin-Off), (2) the application of certain provisions of U.S. federal income tax law to these transactions, or (3) any other actions that we know or reasonably should expect would give rise to such taxes.
As a member of GRC's consolidated U.S. federal income tax group, we may have (and will continue to have following the Spin-Off) joint and several liability with GRC to the IRS for the consolidated U.S. federal income taxes of the GRC group relating to the taxable periods in which we were part of the group.
The Separation Agreement imposes certain restrictions on us and our subsidiary, GRCN, including restrictions on share issuances, business combinations, and sales of assets and similar transactions which are designed to preserve the tax-free nature of the Spin-Off. These restrictions will apply for the two-year period after the Spin-Off. We may limit our ability to pursue strategic transactions or discourage or delay others from pursuing strategic transactions that our shareholders may consider favorable.
Other Matters
Other matters governed by the Separation Agreement include each party's access to the financial and other information of the other party, confidentiality, provision of records and treatment of outstanding guarantees and similar credit arrangements.
Termination
The Separation Agreement will provide that it may be terminated, and the Spin-Off may be modified or abandoned, at any time prior to the Spin-Off in the sole discretion of the directors of GRC. In the event of a termination of the Separation Agreement, no party, nor any of its directors, officers, or employees, will have any liability of any kind to the other party or any other person. After the Spin-Off, the Separation Agreement may not be terminated, except by an agreement in writing signed by both parties.
37
Management Services Agreement
We will enter into a management services agreement with GRC prior to the Spin-Off pursuant to which GRC and its subsidiaries will provide the following services:
· | Assistance with managerial and technical supervision, advisory and consultation with respect to mining operations and exploration; and consultation regarding environmental, safety and sustainability matters. |
· | Administrative, information technology, accounting and financial advisory services including: budgeting and forecasting; cash and treasury management policies and procedures; evaluation of potential corporate transactions; financial and managerial reporting preparation; implementation and oversight of internal controls and assistance with internal audit functions. |
· | Consultation regarding compliance with local, state and federal laws; review and consultation regarding third-party litigation and strategies; review and implementation of corporate governance policies and compliance programs. |
· | Assistance with Investor relations and shareholder communications; preparation of marketing or promotional materials; consultation and review of development of investor relations strategies; identification and review of corporate development opportunities. |
The agreed upon charges for services rendered are based on market rates that align with the rates that an unaffiliated service provider would charge for similar services. The Management Services Agreement will terminate on October 31, 2021, and year to year thereafter, unless cancelled upon 30 days written notice by one party to the other.
Common Stock
We are authorized to issue 200,000,000 shares of common stock. Holders of our common stock are each entitled to cast one vote for each share held of record on all matters presented to the shareholders. Cumulative voting is not allowed; hence, the holders of a majority of our outstanding common shares can elect all directors.
Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available and, in the event of liquidation, to share pro rata in any distribution of our assets after payment of liabilities. Our Board of Directors is not obligated to declare a dividend. It is not anticipated that dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future.
Holders of our common stock do not have preemptive rights to subscribe to additional shares if issued. There are no conversion, redemption, sinking fund or similar provisions regarding the common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable.
Preferred Stock
We are authorized to issue 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Shares of preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series as may be determined by our Board of Directors. The voting powers and preferences, the relative rights of each such series and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions of each series will be established by the Board of Directors. Our directors may issue preferred stock with multiple votes per share and dividend rights which would have priority over any dividends paid with respect to the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock with these rights may make the removal of management difficult even if the removal would be considered beneficial to shareholders generally, and will have the effect of limiting shareholder participation in transactions such as mergers or tender offers if these transactions are not favored by our management. As of the date of this prospectus, we had not issued any shares of preferred stock.
Shareholder Rights Agreement
The following pertains to what is commonly called a "Poison Pill."
On October 15, 2020, we declared a dividend of one Series A Right and one Series B Right, or collectively the Rights, for each share of our common stock which was outstanding on October 15, 2020. When the Rights become exercisable, each Series A Right will entitle the registered holder, subject to the terms of a Rights Agreement, to purchase from us one share of our common stock at a price equal to 20% of the market price of our common stock on the exercise date, although the price may be adjusted pursuant to the terms of the Rights Agreement. If after a person or group of affiliated persons has acquired 15% or more of our common stock or following the commencement of a tender offer for 15% or more of our outstanding common stock (i) we are acquired in a merger or other business combination and we are not the surviving corporation, (ii) any person consolidates or merges with us and all or part of our common shares are converted or exchanged for securities, cash or property of any other person, or (iii) 50% or more of our consolidated assets or earning power are sold, proper provision will be made so that each holder of a Series B Right will thereafter have the right to receive, upon payment of the exercise price of $100 (subject to adjustment), that number of shares of common stock of the acquiring company which at the time of such transaction has a market value that is twice the exercise price of the Series B Right.
38
The description and terms of the Rights are set forth in a Rights Agreement between the Company and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as Rights Agent.
Distribution of Rights
Initially, shareholders will not receive separate certificates for the Rights as the Rights will be represented by outstanding common stock certificates. Until the exercise date, the Rights cannot be bought, sold, or otherwise traded separately from the common stock. Certificates for common stock carry a notation that indicates that Rights are attached to the common stock and incorporate the terms of the Rights Agreement.
Separate certificates representing the Rights will be distributed as soon as practicable after the earliest to occur of:
· | 15 business days following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons has acquired beneficial ownership of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock, or | |
· | 15 business days (or such later date as may be determined by action of our board of directors prior to such time as any person or group of affiliated persons has acquired 15% or more of our common stock) following the commencement of, or announcement of an intention to make, a tender offer or exchange offer the consummation of which would result in the beneficial ownership by a person or group of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock. |
The earlier of such dates described above is called the “distribution date.”
Until the distribution date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights), the surrender for transfer of any certificates for common stock outstanding as of the record date, even without such notation, will also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with the common stock represented by such certificate. As soon as practicable following the distribution date, separate certificates evidencing the Rights will be mailed to holders of record of the common stock as of the close of business on the distribution date and such separate right certificates alone will evidence the Rights.
Exercise and Expiration
The holders of the Rights are not required to take any action until the Rights become exercisable. The Rights are not exercisable until the distribution date. Holders of the Rights will be notified by us that the Rights have become exercisable. The Rights will expire on October 15, 2025, unless the expiration date is extended or unless the Rights are earlier redeemed by us as described below.
As of the date of this prospectus no certificates representing the right have been distributed.
Redemption
At any time prior to the distribution date, our board of directors may redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.0001 per Right. Subject to the foregoing, the redemption of the Rights may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as our board of directors in its sole discretion may establish. Immediately upon any redemption of the Rights, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only entitlement of the holders of Rights will be to receive the redemption price.
39
Exchange Option
At any time after a person or group of affiliated persons has acquired 15% or more of our common stock or following the commencement of a tender offer for 15% or more of our outstanding common stock, and prior to the acquisition by such person of 50% or more of the outstanding common stock, our board of directors may exchange the Rights (other than Rights owned by such person or group which have become void), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one share of common stock per Right (subject to adjustment).
Other Provisions
The terms of the Rights may be amended by our board of directors without the consent of the holders of the Rights, except that from and after such time a person or group of affiliated persons has acquired 15% or more of our common stock no such amendment may adversely affect the interests of the holders of the Rights.
Until a Right is exercised, the holder of the Right, as such, will not have any rights as a shareholder, including, without limitation, the right to vote or to receive dividends.
The Rights may have certain anti-takeover effects. The Rights will cause substantial dilution to a person or group that attempts to acquire us on terms not approved by our board of directors. However, the Rights should not interfere with any merger or other business combination approved by a majority of our board of directors because the Rights may be redeemed by us at any time prior to the distribution date. Thus, the Rights are intended to encourage persons who may seek to acquire control of us to initiate such an acquisition through negotiations with our board of directors. However, the effect of the Rights may be to discourage a third party from making a partial tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain a substantial position in the equity securities of, or seeking to obtain control of, us. To the extent any potential acquisition is deterred by the Rights, the Rights may have the effect of preserving incumbent management in office.
Transfer Agent
Computershare
8742 Lucent Boulevard, Suite 225
Highlands Ranch, CO 80129
Phone: (303) 262-0625
Hart and Hart, LLC, of Denver, Colorado, has passed upon the validity of our common stock to be distributed by GRC.
Our Financial Statements as of August 15, 2020 and the financial statements of GRC Nevada Inc. as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and for the years then ended have been audited by Plante & Moran, PLLC, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report which is incorporated herein. Such financial statements have been incorporated herein in reliance on the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (together with all amendments and exhibits) under the Securities Act, as amended, with respect to the securities offered by this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information in the Registration Statement, certain parts of which are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. For further information, reference is made to the Registration Statement which may be read and copied at the Commission’s Public Reference Room.
40
The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The Public Reference Room is located at 100 F. Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.
Our Registration Statement is also available at www.sec.gov, the website of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The following terms used in this prospectus have the following meanings:
ADR | An adsorption, desorption, and refining (“ADR”) facility which recovers gold from the leached pregnant solution. |
Dore: | Composite gold and silver bullion usually consisting of approximately 90% precious metals that will be further refined to separate pure metals. |
Epithermal: | Used to describe gold deposits found on or just below the surface close to vents or volcanoes, formed at low temperature and pressure. |
Exploration: | Prospecting, sampling, mapping, diamond-drilling and other work involved in locating the presence of economic deposits and establishing their nature, shape, and grade. |
Grade: | The concentration of an element of interest expressed as relative mass units (percentage, ounces per ton, grams per tonne (“g/t”), etc.). |
Heap Leaching: | Consists of stacking crushed or run-of-mine ore on impermeable pads, where a weak cyanide solution is applied to the surface of the heap to dissolve the gold. The gold-bearing solution is then collected and pumped to process facilities to remove the gold by collection on carbon. |
Net Smelter Return (“NSR”): | The net revenue that the owner of a mining property receives from the sale of the mine's metal products less transportation and refining costs. As a royalty it refers to the fraction of net smelter return that a mine operator is obligated to pay the owner of the royalty agreement. |
Mineral Deposit: | Rocks that contain economic amounts of minerals in them and that are expected to be profitably mined. |
Patented Claim: | A mining claim for which the U.S. Federal Government has passed its title to the claimant, making it private land. A person may mine and remove minerals from a mining claim without a mineral patent. However, a mineral patent gives the owner exclusive title to the locatable minerals and in most cases, grants title to the surface. | |
Run-Off Mine ore: | Common lower grade ore in the deposit that does not warrant crushing. |
Ton: | One ton equals 2,000 pounds. |
Tonne: | One tonne equals 2,204.62 pounds. |
Unpatented Claim: | A particular parcel of U.S. Federal land, valuable or believed to be valuable for a specific mineral deposit or deposits. It is a parcel for which an individual has asserted a right of possession. The right is restricted to the extraction and development of a mineral deposit |
41
August 15, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | F-3 |
Balance Sheet at August 15, 2020 | F-4 |
Notes to Financial Statements | F-5 |
F-2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholder and Board of Directors of Fortitude Gold Corporation
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Fortitude Gold Corporation (the “Company”) as of August 15, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of August 15, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Plante & Moran, PLLC
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.
Denver, Colorado
November 20, 2020
F-3
BALANCE SHEET
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
August 15, | ||||
2020 | ||||
Current assets | $ | - | ||
Non-current assets | - | |||
Total assets | $ | - | ||
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | ||||
Current liabilities | $ | - | ||
Non-current liabilities | - | |||
Total liabilities | - | |||
Equity: | ||||
Preferred stock - $0.01 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized and nil outstanding | ||||
at August 15, 2020 | - | |||
Common stock - $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized and nil outstanding | ||||
at August 15, 2020 | - | |||
Total equity | - | |||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | - |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-4
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
August 15, 2020
1. Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations
Fortitude Gold Corporation (the “Company” or “Fortitude”) was organized under the laws of the State of Colorado on August 11, 2020. The Company intends to pursue gold and silver projects that are expected to have both low operating costs and high returns on capital.
Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The financial statements included herein are expressed in United States dollars and conform to United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The financial statements include the accounts of the Company. The Company has not engaged in any activities since inception and has not issued any shares of its authorized preferred or common stock. As a result, no statements of operations, equity or cash flows has been presented for the period August 11, 2020 (date of inception) to August 15, 2020.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management routinely makes judgments and estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain and bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Income Taxes
The Company is a C-Corporation for United States income taxes purposes. Income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial and tax reporting purposes and the effect of tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse.
2. COVID-19
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a respiratory disease caused by a new novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a pandemic.
As of the date of the issuance of these Financial Statements, there have been no significant impacts, including impairments, to the Company’s operations and financial statements. However, the long-term impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak and related advisories and restrictions. These developments and the impact of COVID-19 on the financial markets and the overall economy are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. If the financial markets and/or the overall economy are impacted for an extended period, the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows may be materially adversely affected. The Company is not able to estimate the duration of the pandemic and potential impact on its business if disruptions or delays in business developments and shipments of product occur. In addition, a severe prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to the business, including a decreased ability to raise additional capital when and if needed on acceptable terms, if at all. As the situation continues to evolve, the Company will continue to closely monitor market conditions and respond accordingly. The Company has completed various scenario planning analyses to consider potential impacts of COVID-19 on its business, including volatility in commodity prices, temporary disruptions and/or curtailments of operating activities (voluntary or involuntary). The Company believes that its operations will be sufficient for the foreseeable future, although there is no assurance that will be the case.
F-5
3. Subsequent Events
On August 18, 2020, Gold Resource Corporation (“GRC”) transferred all of the 10,000 issued and outstanding common stock shares of its wholly owned subsidiary GRC Nevada Inc. (“GRCN”) to Fortitude in exchange for 20 million shares of Fortitude’s common stock. GRCN owns and operates the Nevada properties included in GRC’s segment reporting filed with its third quarter report on Form 10-Q. With the share transfer, GRCN became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and Fortitude became a wholly-owned subsidiary of GRC. The GRCN assets, liabilities, and equity balances were recorded at historical amounts as the entities are under common control.
On October 5, 2020, GRC announced its intention to spin-off the Company to its to shareholders. The spin-off transaction is considered to be “Non-Monetary” transaction under U.S. GAAP, whereas GRC is spinning off one of its subsidiaries as an independent, publicly traded company by distributing common stock of the company to GRC's shareholders on a pro rata basis (i.e. Fortitude will no longer be a subsidiary of GRC). The separation is accounted for as a spin-off transaction at historically recorded amounts in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
The transaction is subject to certain conditions, including the final approval by GRC’s Board of Directors and the receipt of an effective date for the initial Form S-1 registration statement filed by Fortitude on October 19, 2020 with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The transaction is targeted to be completed by year-end 2020 or in the first quarter of 2021.
Subsequent to the completion of the transaction, the Company will be provided certain services under a management services agreement with GRC. The agreed upon charges for services rendered are based on market rates that align with the rates that an unaffiliated service provider would charge for similar services.
F-6
FORTITUDE GOLD CORPORATION
September 30, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
F-2
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
September 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2020 | 2019 | |||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 6,824 | $ | 866 | ||||
Accounts receivable | 1,599 | - | ||||||
Inventories | 16,993 | 10,624 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 336 | 319 | ||||||
Total current assets | 25,752 | 11,809 | ||||||
Property, plant and mine development, net | 57,302 | 60,017 | ||||||
Operating lease assets, net | 1,191 | 7,125 | ||||||
Other non-current assets | 5,506 | 4,985 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 89,751 | $ | 83,936 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY | ||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 4,483 | $ | 5,406 | ||||
Loans payable, current | 840 | 879 | ||||||
Finance lease liabilities, current | 456 | 438 | ||||||
Operating lease liabilities, current | 1,191 | 7,125 | ||||||
Income taxes payable | 675 | - | ||||||
Other current liabilities | 791 | 443 | ||||||
Total current liabilities | 8,436 | 14,291 | ||||||
Reclamation and remediation liabilities | 4,050 | 2,497 | ||||||
Loans payable, long-term | 165 | 782 | ||||||
Finance lease liabilities, long-term | 82 | 426 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 12,733 | 17,996 | ||||||
Shareholder's equity: | ||||||||
Preferred stock - $0.01 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized and nil outstanding at September 30, 2020 and nil shares authorized and outstanding at December 31, 2019 | - | - | ||||||
Common stock - $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized and 20,000,000 shares outstanding at September 30, 2020 and $0.001 par value, 10,000 shares authorized and outstanding at December 31, 2019 | 200 | - | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 88,550 | 78,083 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit | (11,732 | ) | (12,143 | ) | ||||
Total shareholder's equity | 77,018 | 65,940 | ||||||
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity | $ | 89,751 | $ | 83,936 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-3
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
2020 | 2019 | |||||||
Sales, net | $ | 30,284 | $ | 7,521 | ||||
Mine cost of sales: | ||||||||
Production costs | 19,698 | 5,087 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 6,157 | 1,961 | ||||||
Reclamation and remediation | 17 | 29 | ||||||
Total mine cost of sales | 25,872 | 7,077 | ||||||
Mine gross profit | 4,412 | 444 | ||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 1,781 | 1,781 | ||||||
Exploration expenses | 1,373 | 771 | ||||||
Other expense, net | 172 | 127 | ||||||
Total costs and expenses | 3,326 | 2,679 | ||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes | 1,086 | (2,235 | ) | |||||
Provision for income taxes | 675 | - | ||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 411 | $ | (2,235 | ) | |||
Net income (loss) per common share: | ||||||||
Basic and Diluted | $ | 0.02 | $ | (224 | ) | |||
Weighted average shares outstanding: | ||||||||
Basic and Diluted | 20,000,000 | 10,000 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-4
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Number of
Common Shares |
Par
Value of
Common Shares |
Additional Paid-
in Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total
Shareholders' Equity |
||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2018 (GRCN) | 10,000 | $ | - | $ | 48,448 | $ | (9,151 | ) | $ | 39,297 | ||||||||||
Capital contributions by Parent | - | - | 26,341 | - | 26,341 | |||||||||||||||
Net loss | - | - | - | (2,235 | ) | (2,235 | ) | |||||||||||||
Balance, September 30, 2019 (GRCN) | 10,000 | $ | - | $ | 74,789 | $ | (11,386 | ) | $ | 63,403 | ||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2019 (GRCN) | 10,000 | $ | - | $ | 78,083 | $ | (12,143 | ) | $ | 65,940 | ||||||||||
Capital contributions by Parent | - | - | 10,667 | - | 10,667 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of Fortitude shares to Parent | 20,000,000 | 200 | (200 | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||||
Transfer of GRCN shares from Parent to Fortitude | (10,000 | ) | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
Net income | - | - | - | 411 | 411 | |||||||||||||||
Balance, September 30, 2020 (Fortitude) | 20,000,000 | $ | 200 | $ | 88,550 | $ | (11,732 | ) | $ | 77,018 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-5
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
2020 | 2019 | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 411 | $ | (2,235 | ) | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash from operating activities: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 6,263 | 2,061 | ||||||
Other operating adjustments | 16 | 29 | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts receivable | (1,599 | ) | - | |||||
Inventories | (2,662 | ) | (6,663 | ) | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (17 | ) | 188 | |||||
Other non-current assets | (1,304 | ) | (2,880 | ) | ||||
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities | 958 | 1,453 | ||||||
Mining taxes payable | 675 | - | ||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 2,741 | (8,047 | ) | |||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | (6,368 | ) | (15,673 | ) | ||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (6,368 | ) | (15,673 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
Contributions from GRC | 10,567 | 26,341 | ||||||
Repayment of loans payable | (656 | ) | (597 | ) | ||||
Repayment of capital leases | (326 | ) | (305 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 9,585 | 25,439 | ||||||
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 5,958 | 1,719 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 866 | 70 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 6,824 | $ | 1,789 | ||||
Supplemental Cash Flow Information | ||||||||
Interest expense paid | $ | 72 | $ | 108 | ||||
Income and mining taxes paid | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
Non-cash investing activities: | ||||||||
Change in capital expenditures in accounts payable | $ | (1,532 | ) | $ | (434 | ) | ||
Change in estimate for asset retirement costs | $ | 1,404 | $ | 1,476 | ||||
Equipment purchased through loan payable | $ | - | $ | 330 | ||||
Equipment purchased under finance lease | $ | - | $ | 56 | ||||
Stock contributed from Parent | $ | 100 | $ | - |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-6
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2020
1. Basis of Presentation
Fortitude Gold Corporation (the “Company” or “Fortitude”) was organized under the laws of the State of Colorado on August 11, 2020. On August 18, 2020, Gold Resource Corporation (“GRC” or “Parent”) transferred all of the 10,000 issued and outstanding common stock shares of its wholly-owned subsidiary GRC Nevada Inc. (“GRCN”) to Fortitude in exchange for 20,000,000 shares of Fortitude’s common stock. With the share transfer, GRCN became a wholly-owned subsidiary Fortitude and Fortitude became a wholly-owned subsidiary of GRC. GRCN owns and operates the Nevada properties included in GRC’s segment reporting filed with its third quarter report on Form 10-Q. The assets and liabilities were recorded at historical cost as the entities are under common control. The Company is a mining company which pursues gold and silver projects that are expected to have both low operating costs and high returns on capital.
These interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (“interim financial statements”) are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2020 and the condensed consolidated statements of operations, shareholder’s equity and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiaries GRCN, Walker Lane Minerals Corp. (“Walker Lane”), County Line Holdings, Inc., and County Line Minerals Corp. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 and the condensed consolidated statements of operations, shareholder’s equity and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 include the accounts of GRCN, Walker Lane, County Line Holdings, Inc., and County Line Minerals Corp. As described above, Fortitude was incorporated on August 11, 2020 and was transferred all 10,000 of the issued and outstanding common stock shares of GRCN from GRC in exchange for 20,000,000 common stock shares of Fortitude on August 18, 2020. As a result of this share transfer and exchange, GRCN became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fortitude. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain information and footnote disclosures required by United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted as permitted by such rules, although the Company believes that the disclosures included are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The interim financial statements included herein are expressed in United States dollars. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) and disclosures necessary for a fair presentation of these interim financial statements have been included. The results reported in these interim financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be reported for the entire year. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of GRCN for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in the Audited Financial Statement section above. The year-end balance sheet data was derived from the audited financial statements. Unless otherwise noted, there have been no material changes to the footnotes from those accompanying the audited consolidated financial statements contained in Audited Financial Statement section above.
These interim statements have been prepared on a “carve-out” basis. The accompanying interim statements include allocations of certain expenses for human resources, accounting, and other services, plus share-based compensation allocated from its parent GRC. The expense allocations have been determined on bases that the Company and its Parent consider to be reasonable reflections of the utilization of services or the benefits provided. In addition, the assets and liabilities include only those assigned to the carve-out entities. The allocations and related estimates and assumptions are described more fully in Note 2, Related Party Transactions.
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2. Related Party Transactions
GRC provides human resources, information technology, accounting, legal, technical, and other services to the Company. The Company obtains it business insurance under GRC. The accompanying financial statements include allocations of all of these expenses. The allocation method calculates the appropriate share of overhead cost to the Company by using time spent by GRC employees. The Company believes the allocation methodology used is reasonable, has been consistently applied, and results in an appropriate allocation of costs incurred. However, these allocations may not be indicative of the cost had the Company been a stand-alone entity or of future services. GRC allocated $1.8 million and $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These costs were treated as capital contributions from Parent in the accompanying financial statements. In addition, the Company also receives cash contributions from its Parent to help fund its operations and mine development, which are not expected to be repaid and are treated as capital contributions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company received total capital contributions from GRC of $10.7 million and $26.3 million, respectively, inclusive of allocated costs described above.
3. Revenue
The following table presents the Company’s net sales disaggregated by source:
Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||
2020 | 2019 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Sales, net | ||||||||
Gold doré sales | $ | 30,507 | $ | 7,530 | ||||
Less: Refining charges | (223 | ) | (9 | ) | ||||
Total sales, net | $ | 30,284 | $ | 7,521 |
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4. Inventories
At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, current inventories consisted of the following:
2020 | 2019 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Stockpiles | $ | 571 | $ | 736 | ||||
Leach pad | 16,260 | 9,102 | ||||||
Doré | 49 | 742 | ||||||
Subtotal - product inventories | 16,880 | 10,580 | ||||||
Materials and supplies | 113 | 44 | ||||||
Total | $ | 16,993 | $ | 10,624 |
In addition to the inventory above, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company has $5.2 million and $4.7 million of low-grade ore stockpile inventory included in other non-current assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 the Company recorded $3.6 million in net realizable value (“NRV”) inventory adjustments, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded an NRV inventory adjustment of $1.6 million.
5. Income Taxes
The Company files a consolidated U.S. income tax return, as well as an annual Net Proceeds of Minerals tax return in the state of Nevada.
The Company had no current or deferred federal income tax expense from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and for the year ended December 31, 2019 mainly due to the net operating loss deferred tax assets (“NOLs”) of $1.3 million generated prior to 2020. Such NOLs were utilized to offset tax expense for the income generated through September 30, 2020. At the federal level, the Company’s income and losses in the U.S. are taxed at 21%, while a 5% net proceeds of minerals tax applies to the Company’s operations in Nevada. The Company had a net proceeds of minerals tax of $0.7 million the nine months ended September 30, 2020. No net proceeds tax was due in 2019 as the Company was in a loss position for purposes of the tax calculation.
The Company evaluates the evidence available to determine whether a valuation allowance is required on the deferred tax assets. The Company determined that its deferred tax assets were not "more likely than not" to be realized as a result of cumulative net operating losses to date and thus a full valuation allowance was recorded as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
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6. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:
2020 | 2019 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Prepaid insurance | $ | 231 | $ | 132 | ||||
Prepaid royalties | - | 127 | ||||||
Other current assets | 105 | 60 | ||||||
Total | $ | 336 | $ | 319 |
7. Property, Plant and Mine Development, net
At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, property, plant and mine development consisted of the following:
2020 | 2019 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Asset retirement costs | $ | 3,833 | $ | 2,429 | ||||
Construction-in-progress (1) | 184 | 9,545 | ||||||
Furniture and office equipment | 313 | 276 | ||||||
Leach pad and ponds | 5,649 | 5,649 | ||||||
Land | 13 | 13 | ||||||
Light vehicles and other mobile equipment | 435 | 432 | ||||||
Machinery and equipment | 14,225 | 14,048 | ||||||
Mill facilities and infrastructure | 7,669 | 7,555 | ||||||
Mineral interests and mineral rights | 18,878 | 18,228 | ||||||
Mine development (2) | 24,365 | 11,049 | ||||||
Software and licenses | 65 | 65 | ||||||
Subtotal (3) (4) | 75,629 | 69,289 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (18,327 | ) | (9,272 | ) | ||||
Total | $ | 57,302 | $ | 60,017 |
(1) | Includes Nevada construction-in-progress and pre-production stripping costs of $0.2 million and $9.6 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. |
(2) | Pearl deposit mine development of $13.3 million was put into service on April 1, 2020. |
(3) | Includes $1.8 million of assets recorded under finance leases. Please see Note 12 for additional information. |
(4) | Includes capital expenditures in accounts payable of $0.6 million and $2.1 at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded depreciation and amortization expense of $6.3 million and $2.1 million, respectively.
8. Other Current Liabilities
At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, other current liabilities consisted of the following:
2020 | 2019 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Accrued royalty payments | $ | 447 | $ | 126 | ||||
Accrued property taxes | 338 | - | ||||||
Sales and use tax payable | 6 | 317 | ||||||
Total | $ | 791 | $ | 443 |
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9. Reclamation and Remediation
The following table presents the changes in the Company’s reclamation and remediation obligations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and year ended December 31, 2019:
2020 | 2019 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Reclamation liabilities – balance at beginning of period | $ | 11 | $ | 93 | ||||
Changes in estimate | - | (82 | ) | |||||
Reclamation liabilities – balance at end of period | 11 | 11 | ||||||
Asset retirement obligation – balance at beginning of period | 2,486 | 703 | ||||||
Changes in estimate | 1,404 | 1,726 | ||||||
Accretion | 149 | 57 | ||||||
Asset retirement obligation – balance at end of period | 4,039 | 2,486 | ||||||
Total period end balance | $ | 4,050 | $ | 2,497 |
The Company’s undiscounted reclamation liabilities are related to exploration properties in Nevada.
As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had a $5.2 million and $6.7 million off-balance sheet arrangement, respectively, consisting of a $9.2 million surety bond off-set by a $4.0 million and $2.5 million asset retirement obligation at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, for future reclamation obligations for Isabella Pearl. The Company’s asset retirement obligations were discounted using a credit adjusted risk-free rate of 8%.
10. Loans Payable
The Company has financed certain equipment purchases on a long-term basis. The loans bear annual interest at rates ranging from 3% to 4.48%, are collateralized by the equipment, and require monthly principal and interest payments of $0.08 million. As of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, there was an outstanding balance of $1.0 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Scheduled remaining minimum repayments are $0.2 million in 2020, $0.7 million in 2021, and $0.1 million in 2022. One of the loan agreements is subject to a prepayment penalty of 1% of the outstanding loan balance at time of repayment. The fair value of the loans payable, based on Level 2 inputs, approximated the outstanding balance at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. See Note 19 for the definition of a Level 2 input.
11. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company has a Contract Mining Agreement with a mining contractor relating to mining activities at its Isabella Pearl project. Included in this Agreement is an embedded lease for the mining equipment for which the Company has recognized a right-of-use asset and corresponding operating lease liability. Please see Note 12 for more information. In addition to the embedded lease payments, the Company pays the contract miner operational costs in the normal course of business. These costs represent the remaining future contractual payments for the Contract Mining Agreement over its term. The contractual payments are determined by rates within the Contract Mining Agreement, estimated tonnes moved and bank cubic yards for drilling and blasting. As of September 30, 2020, total estimated contractual payments remaining, excluding embedded lease payments, are $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
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12. Leases
Operating Leases
Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases as incurred over the lease term. For leases beginning in 2019 and later, the Company accounts for lease components (e.g., fixed payments including rent, real estate taxes and insurance costs) separately from the non-lease components (e.g., common-area maintenance costs).
The depreciable life of assets are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. The weighted average remaining lease term for the Company’s operating leases as of September 30, 2020 is 0.08 years.
The discount rate implicit within the Company’s leases is generally not determinable and therefore the Company determines the discount rate based on its incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate for the Company’s leases is determined based on the lease term adjusted for impacts of collateral. The weighted average discount rate used to measure the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2020 was 4.48%.
There are no material residual value guarantees and no restrictions or covenants imposed by the Company’s leases.
The Company has an embedded lease in its Contract Mining Agreement. The Company’s lease payments for its mining equipment embedded lease are determined by tonnage hauled. This embedded lease is within a Contract Mining Agreement entered into for the mining activities at the Company’s Isabella Pearl Mine. The payments, amortization of the right-of-use asset, and interest vary immaterially from forecasted amounts due to variable conditions at the mine. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company capitalized variable lease costs of $4.6 million to Inventory and $1.5 million to Property, plant, and mine development, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company capitalized variable lease costs of $1.8 million to Inventory and $3.2 million to Property, plant, and mine development, respectively. On October 28, 2020, the Company extended the Contract Mining Agreement for a one-year term for its mining activities at the Isabella Pearl project.
F-12
Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2020 are as follows (in thousands)
Year Ending December 31: | ||||
2020 | $ | 1,196 | ||
2021 | - | |||
2022 | - | |||
2023 | - | |||
Thereafter | - | |||
Total lease payments | 1,196 | |||
Less imputed interest | (5 | ) | ||
Present value of minimum payments | 1,191 | |||
Less: current portion | (1,191 | ) | ||
Long-term portion of minimum payments | $ | - |
Finance Leases
The Company has finance lease agreements for certain equipment. The leases bear annual imputed interest of 4.48% to 5.95% and require monthly principal, interest, and sales tax payments of $0.04 million. The weighted average discount rate for the Company’s finance leases is 5.83%. Scheduled minimum annual payments as of September 30, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31: | ||||
2020 | $ | 119 | ||
2021 | 410 | |||
2022 | 13 | |||
2023 | 13 | |||
Thereafter | 3 | |||
Total minimum obligations | 558 | |||
Less: interest portion | (20 | ) | ||
Present value of minimum payments | 538 | |||
Less: current portion | (456 | ) | ||
Long-term portion of minimum payments | $ | 82 |
The weighted average remaining lease term for the Company’s finance leases as of September 30, 2020 is 1.32 years.
Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating and finance leases is as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:
Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||
2020 | 2019 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | ||||||||
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 4,565 | $ | 1,844 | ||||
Operating cash flows from finance leases | 30 | 47 | ||||||
Investing cash flows from operating lease | 1,452 | 3,162 | ||||||
Financing cash flows from finance leases | 326 | 305 |
F-13
13. Other Expense, Net
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, other expense, net consisted of the following:
Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||
2020 | 2019 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Interest expense | $ | 99 | $ | 112 | ||||
Charitable contributions | 81 | 18 | ||||||
Other income | (8 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||
Total | $ | 172 | $ | 127 |
14. Fair Value Measurement
Fair value accounting establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
Level 2 Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and
Level 3 Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).
As required by accounting guidance, assets are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following tables set forth certain of the Company’s assets measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
2020 | 2019 | Input Hierarchy Level | ||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 6,824 | $ | 866 | Level 1 | |||||
Accounts receivable | 1,599 | - | Level 2 | |||||||
Loans payable | $ | 1,005 | $ | 1,661 | Level 2 |
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument:
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash deposits and are valued at cost, which approximates fair value.
F-14
Accounts receivable include amounts due to the Company for deliveries of doré sold to customers.
Loans payable consist of obligations for equipment purchases financed on a long-term basis. Loans payable are recorded at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. See Note 10 for additional information.
15. Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation is included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expenses allocated from GRC, as described in Note 2, for options and restricted stock units granted under GRC’s equity incentive plan. Stock-based compensation charged to the Company from GRC was $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
16. COVID-19
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a respiratory disease caused by a new novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a pandemic. The Isabella Pearl Mine in Nevada has continued to operate at full capacity. Precious metal mining is considered essential to support critical infrastructure under guidelines from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the State of Nevada.
As of the date of the issuance of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, there have been no other significant impacts, including impairments, to the Company’s operations and financial statements. However, the long-term impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak and related advisories and restrictions. These developments and the impact of COVID-19 on the financial markets and the overall economy are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. If the financial markets and/or the overall economy are impacted for an extended period, the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows may be materially adversely affected. The Company is not able to estimate the duration of the pandemic and potential impact on its business if disruptions or delays in business developments and shipments of product occur. In addition, a severe prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to the business, including a decreased ability to raise additional capital when and if needed on acceptable terms, if at all. As the situation continues to evolve, the Company will continue to closely monitor market conditions and respond accordingly. The Company has completed various scenario planning analyses to consider potential impacts of COVID-19 on its business, including volatility in commodity prices, temporary disruptions and/or curtailments of operating activities (voluntary or involuntary). The Company believes that its operations will be sufficient for the foreseeable future, although there is no assurance that will be the case.
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17. Subsequent Event
On October 5, 2020, GRC announced its intention to spin-off the Company to its to shareholders. The spin-off transaction is considered to be “Non-Monetary” transaction under U.S. GAAP, whereas GRC is spinning off one of its subsidiaries as an independent, publicly traded company by distributing common stock of the company to GRC's shareholders on a pro rata basis (i.e. Fortitude will no longer be a subsidiary of GRC). The separation is accounted for as a spin-off transaction at historically recorded assets, liabilities, and equity balances in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
The transaction is subject to certain conditions, including the final approval by GRC’s Board of Directors and the receipt of an effective date for the initial Form S-1 registration statement filed by Fortitude on October 19, 2020 with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The transaction is targeted to be completed by year-end 2020 or in the first quarter of 2021.
Subsequent to the completion of the transaction, the Company will be provided certain services under a management services agreement with GRC. The agreed upon charges for services rendered are based on market rates that align with the rates that an unaffiliated service provider would charge for similar services.
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GRC Nevada Inc.
AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
F-2
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholder and Board of Directors of GRC Nevada Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of GRC Nevada Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related statements of operations, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
As discussed in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method for accounting for leases in 2019 due to the adoption of the new lease standard. The Company adopted the new lease standard using a modified retrospective approach.
Basis for Opinion
The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to
error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence
regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Plante & Moran, PLLC
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.
Denver, Colorado
June 23, 2020
F-3
GRC NEVADA INC.
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 866 | $ | 70 | ||||
Inventories | 10,624 | 721 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 319 | 507 | ||||||
Total current assets | 11,809 | 1,298 | ||||||
Property, plant and mine development, net | 60,017 | 45,243 | ||||||
Operating lease assets, net | 7,125 | - | ||||||
Other non-current assets | 4,985 | 319 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 83,936 | $ | 46,860 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY | ||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 5,406 | $ | 3,393 | ||||
Loans payable, current | 879 | 765 | ||||||
Finance lease liabilities, current | 438 | 404 | ||||||
Operating lease liabilities, current | 7,125 | - | ||||||
Other current liabilities | 443 | 13 | ||||||
Total current liabilities | 14,291 | 4,575 | ||||||
Reclamation and remediation liabilities | 2,497 | 796 | ||||||
Loans payable, long-term | 782 | 1,378 | ||||||
Finance lease liabilities, long-term | 426 | 814 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 17,996 | 7,563 | ||||||
Shareholder's equity: | ||||||||
Common stock - $0.001 par value, 10,000 shares authorized and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018 | - | - | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 78,083 | 48,448 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit | (12,143 | ) | (9,151 | ) | ||||
Total shareholder's equity | 65,940 | 39,297 | ||||||
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity | $ | 83,936 | $ | 46,860 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
GRC NEVADA INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
Sales, net | $ | 15,065 | $ | - | ||||
Mine cost of sales: | ||||||||
Production costs | 10,664 | - | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 3,884 | - | ||||||
Reclamation and remediation | 34 | - | ||||||
Total mine cost of sales | 14,582 | - | ||||||
Mine gross profit | 483 | - | ||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 2,375 | 2,271 | ||||||
Exploration expenses | 932 | 2,315 | ||||||
Other expense, net | 168 | 177 | ||||||
Total costs and expenses | 3,475 | 4,763 | ||||||
Loss before income taxes | (2,992 | ) | (4,763 | ) | ||||
Provision for income taxes | - | - | ||||||
Net loss | $ | (2,992 | ) | $ | (4,763 | ) | ||
Net loss per common share: | ||||||||
Basic and diluted | $ | (299 | ) | $ | (476 | ) | ||
Weighted average shares outstanding: | ||||||||
Basic and diluted | 10,000 | 10,000 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
GRC NEVADA INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY
for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share amounts)
Number of
Common Shares |
Par
Value of
Common Shares |
Additional Paid-
in Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total
Shareholders’ Equity |
||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2017 | 10,000 | $ | - | $ | 26,048 | $ | (4,388 | ) | $ | 21,660 | ||||||||||
Capital contributions | - | - | 22,400 | - | 22,400 | |||||||||||||||
Net loss | - | - | - | (4,763 | ) | (4,763 | ) | |||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2018 | 10,000 | $ | - | $ | 48,448 | $ | (9,151 | ) | $ | 39,297 | ||||||||||
Capital contributions | - | - | 29,635 | - | 29,635 | |||||||||||||||
Net loss | - | - | - | (2,992 | ) | (2,992 | ) | |||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2019 | 10,000 | $ | - | $ | 78,083 | $ | (12,143 | ) | $ | 65,940 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
Net loss | $ | (2,992 | ) | $ | (4,763 | ) | ||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operating activities: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 4,022 | 78 | ||||||
Other operating adjustments | 18 | - | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
Inventories | (6,490 | ) | (721 | ) | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 346 | (192 | ) | |||||
Other non-current assets | (3,600 | ) | 130 | |||||
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities | 3,617 | 126 | ||||||
Net cash used in operating activities | (5,079 | ) | (5,342 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | (22,538 | ) | (16,028 | ) | ||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (22,538 | ) | (16,028 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
Contributions from GRC | 29,635 | 22,391 | ||||||
Repayment of loans payable | (812 | ) | (596 | ) | ||||
Repayment of capital leases | (410 | ) | (382 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 28,413 | 21,413 | ||||||
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 796 | 43 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 70 | 27 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 866 | $ | 70 | ||||
Supplemental Cash Flow Information | ||||||||
Interest expense paid | $ | 139 | $ | 167 | ||||
Income and mining taxes paid | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
Non-cash investing activities: | ||||||||
Change in capital expenditures in accounts payable | $ | (1,174 | ) | $ | (2,865 | ) | ||
Change in estimate for asset retirement costs | $ | 1,726 | $ | 703 | ||||
Equipment contributed from GRC | $ | - | $ | 9 | ||||
Equipment purchased through loan payable | $ | 330 | $ | 526 | ||||
Equipment purchased under finance leases | $ | 56 | $ | - |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2019 and 2018
1. Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations
GRC Nevada Inc. (the “Company”) was organized under the laws of the State of Nevada on February 7, 2014 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Gold Resource Corporation (“GRC” or “Parent”). The Company is a producer of doré containing gold and silver from its Isabella Pearl open-pit mine and performs exploration work on its portfolio of precious metal properties in Nevada, United States of America and continues to evaluate other properties for possible acquisition. The Isabella Pearl open-pit mine commenced production in 2019.
Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
These financial statements have been prepared on a “carve-out” basis. The accompanying statements include allocations of certain expenses for human resources, accounting, and other services, plus share-based compensation allocated from GRC. The expense allocations have been determined on basis that the Company and its Parent consider to be reasonable reflections of the utilization of services or the benefits provided. In addition, the assets and liabilities include only those assigned to the carve-out entities. The allocations and related estimates and assumptions are described more fully in Note 2, Related Party Transactions.
The carve-out financial statements included herein are expressed in United States dollars, and conform to United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The carve-out financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiaries Walker Lane Minerals Corp. (“Walker Lane”), County Line Holdings, Inc., and County Line Minerals Corp. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Going Concern
The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which assumes the Company will be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. The Company has incurred a loss since inception resulting in an accumulated deficit of $12.1 million as of December 31, 2019 and further losses are anticipated in the development of its business.
The ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company generating profitable operations in the future and/or to obtain the necessary financing to meet its obligations and repay its liabilities arising from normal business operations when they come due. Management intends to finance operating costs over the next twelve months with capital contributions from GRC and cash flows from operations. Based upon projected cash flows, management expects cash flows to be sufficient to meet future commitments and cash flow requirements for the coming year.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not contain any adjustment to reflect possible future effects on the classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liability that may result should the Company be unable to continue as going concern.
F-8
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The more significant areas requiring the use of management estimates and assumptions relate to mineral reserves that are the basis for future cash flow estimates utilized in impairment calculations and units-of-production depreciation calculations; future metal prices; environmental remediation, reclamation and closure obligations; estimates of recoverable gold and other minerals in stockpile and leach pad inventories; estimates of fair value related to asset impairment assessments; write-downs of inventory, stockpiles and ore on leach pads to net realizable value; valuation allowances for deferred tax assets; provisional amounts related to income tax effects of newly enacted tax laws; and stock-based compensation. Management routinely makes judgments and estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain and bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of all cash balances and highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less when purchased and are carried at cost.
Inventories
The major inventory categories are set forth below:
Stockpile Inventories: Stockpile inventories represent ore that has been mined and is available for further processing. Stockpiles are measured by estimating the number of tonnes added and removed from the stockpile, an estimate of the contained metals (based on assay data) and the estimated metallurgical recovery rates. Costs are allocated to stockpiles based on relative values of material stockpiled and processed using current mining costs incurred, including applicable overhead, depreciation and amortization relating to mining operations. Material is removed at each stockpile’s average cost per ounce. Stockpiles are carried at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value represents the estimated future sales price of the product based on current and long-term metals prices, less the estimated costs to complete production and bring the product to sale. The current portion of stockpiles is determined based on the expected amounts to be processed within the next 12 months. Stockpiles not expected to be processed within the next 12 months are classified as long-term. As of December 31, 2019, $0.7 million of stockpiles were classified as current and $4.7 million were classified as long-term. As of December 31, 2018, all stockpiles were classified as current.
Doré Inventory: Doré inventories includes gold and silver doré bars held at the Company’s facility. Doré inventories are carried at the lower of cost of production or net realizable value based on current metals prices.
Leach Pad: Ore on leach pad represents ore that has been mined and placed on the leach pad where a solution is applied to the surface of the heap to extract the gold or silver. Costs are added to ore on leach pads based on current mining costs, including applicable depreciation and amortization relating to mining operations. Costs are removed from ore on leach pads as ounces are recovered based on the average cost per estimated recoverable ounce of gold or silver on the leach pad.
Estimates of recoverable ore on the leach pad are calculated from the quantities of ore placed on the leach pad (measured tonnes added to the leach pad), the grade of ore placed on the leach pad (based on assay data) and a recovery
percentage (based on ore type).
Although the quantities of recoverable ore placed on the leach pad are reconciled by comparing the grades of ore placed on pads to the quantities of metal actually recovered (metallurgical balancing), the nature of the leaching process inherently limits the ability to precisely monitor inventory levels. As a result, the metallurgical balancing process is constantly monitored and estimates are refined based on actual results over time. Changes in assumptions and estimates are accounted for on a prospective basis.
Materials and Supplies Inventories: Materials and supplies inventories consist of chemical reagents, fuels, and other materials and supplies. Cost includes applicable taxes and freight. Materials and supplies inventory is carried at lower of average cost or net realizable value.
F-9
Write-downs of inventory are charged to expense.
Property, Plant and Mine Development
Land and Mineral Rights: The costs of acquiring land and mineral rights are considered tangible assets. Administrative and holding costs to maintain an exploration property are expensed as incurred. If a mineable mineral deposit is discovered, such capitalized costs are amortized when production begins using the units of production (“UOP”) method. If no mineable mineral deposit is discovered or such rights are otherwise determined to have diminished value, such costs are expensed in the period in which the determination is made.
Mine Development: The costs include engineering and metallurgical studies, drilling and other related costs to delineate an ore body, the building of access ways, shafts, lateral access, drifts, ramps and other infrastructure. Costs incurred before mineralization is classified as proven and probable reserves are expensed and classified as exploration expenses. Capitalization of mine development project costs, that meet the definition of an asset, begins once mineralization is classified as proven and probable reserves.
Drilling costs incurred during the production phase for operational ore control are allocated to inventory costs and then included as a component of production costs. All other drilling and related costs are expensed as incurred.
Mine development costs are amortized using the UOP method based on estimated recoverable ounces in proven and probable reserves.
The cost of removing overburden and waste materials to access the ore body at an open pit mine prior to the production phase are referred to as “pre-stripping costs.” Pre-stripping costs are capitalized during the development of an open pit mine. Where multiple open pits exist at a mining complex utilizing common processing facilities, pre-stripping costs are capitalized at each pit. The removal, production, and sale of deminimis saleable materials may occur during the development phase of an open pit mine and are assigned incremental mining costs related to the removal of that material.
The production phase of an open pit mine commences when saleable minerals, beyond a de minimis amount, are produced. Stripping costs incurred during the production phase of a mine are variable production costs that are included as a component of inventory to be recognized in Costs applicable to sales in the same period as the revenue from the sale of inventory.
Property and Equipment: All items of property and equipment are carried at cost. Normal maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred while expenditures for major maintenance and improvements are capitalized. Gains or losses on disposition are recognized in other (income) expense.
Construction in Progress: Expenditures for new facilities or equipment are capitalized and recorded at cost. Once completed and ready for its intended use, the asset is transferred to property and equipment to be depreciated or amortized.
F-10
Depreciation and Amortization: Capitalized costs are depreciated or amortized using the straight-line or UOP method at rates sufficient to depreciate such costs over the shorter of estimated productive lives of such assets or the useful life of the individual assets. The estimates for mineral reserves are a key component in determining the UOP depreciation rates. The estimates of reserves may change, possibly in the near term, resulting in changes to depreciation and amortization rates in future reporting periods. The following are the estimated economic lives of depreciable assets:
Range of Lives | ||
Asset retirement costs | UOP | |
Furniture, computer and office equipment | 3 to 4 years | |
Light vehicles and other mobile equipment | 4 years | |
Machinery and equipment | UOP to 4 years | |
Plant facilities, leach pad, and related infrastructure | UOP to 7 years | |
Mine development and mineral interests | UOP |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Asset impairment is considered to exist if the total estimated future cash flows on an undiscounted basis are less than the carrying amount of the asset. If an impairment is indicated, a determination is made whether an impairment has occurred and any impairment losses are measured as the excess of carrying value over the total discounted estimated future cash flows, or the application of an expected fair value technique in the absence of an observable market price and are charged to expense on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. In estimating future cash flows, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of future cash flows from other asset groups.
Existing reserves and other mineralized material are included when estimating the fair value in determining whether the assets are impaired. The Company’s estimates of future cash flows are based on numerous assumptions including expected gold and other commodity prices, production levels, capital requirements and estimated salvage values. It is possible that actual future cash flows will be significantly different than the estimates, as actual future quantities of recoverable minerals, gold and other commodity prices, production levels and costs and capital requirements are each subject to significant risks and uncertainties.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The recorded amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, and loans payable approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.
Revenue Recognition
Doré sales are recognized upon the satisfaction of performance obligations, which occurs when control of the doré transfers to the customer and price and quantity are agreed upon. Transfer of control occurs once the customer takes possession of the doré. Doré sales are recorded using quoted metal prices, net of refining charges.
Production Costs
Production costs include labor and benefits, royalties, and doré shipping costs, mining subcontractors, fuel and lubricants, legal and professional fees related to mine operations, materials and supplies, repairs and maintenance, explosives, insurance, reagents, travel, medical services, security equipment, office rent, tools, and other costs that support mining operations.
Exploration Costs
Exploration costs are charged to expense as incurred. Costs to identify new mineral resources and to evaluate potential resources are considered exploration costs.
F-11
Reclamation and Remediation Costs
Reclamation costs are allocated to expense over the life of the related assets and are periodically adjusted to reflect changes in the estimated present value resulting from the passage of time and revisions to the estimates of either the timing or amount of the reclamation and remediation costs. Reclamation obligations are based in part on when the spending for an existing environmental disturbance will occur. The Company reviews, at least on an annual basis, the reclamation obligation.
Accounting for reclamation and remediation obligations requires management to make estimates unique to each mining operation of the future costs expected to be incurred to complete the reclamation and remediation work required to comply with existing laws and regulations. Actual costs incurred in future periods could differ from amounts estimated. Additionally, future changes to environmental laws and regulations could increase the extent of reclamation and remediation work required. Any such increases in future costs could materially impact the amounts charged to operations for reclamation and remediation.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial and tax reporting purposes and the effect of net operating losses using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are evaluated to determine if it is more likely than not that they will be realized. Please see Note 4 for additional information.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted income per share reflects the dilution that could occur if potentially dilutive securities, as determined using the treasury stock method, are converted into common stock. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation when their inclusion would be anti-dilutive, such as periods when a net loss is reported or when the exercise price of the instrument exceeds the average fair market value of the underlying common stock.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company has considered and assessed the credit risk resulting from its doré sales arrangements with its customers. In the event that the Company’s relationships with its customers are interrupted for any reason, the Company believes that it would be able to locate another entity to purchase its doré bars; however, any interruption could temporarily disrupt the Company’s sale of its products and adversely affect operating results.
The Isabella Pearl Mine in Nevada, U.S.A. accounted for 100% of the Company’s 2019 net sales with one customer accounting for all net sales.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02—Leases (Topic 842). In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a new standard related to leases to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. Most prominent among the changes in the standard is the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases. Under the standard, disclosures are required to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. Reporting entities are also required to recognize and measure leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented using a modified retrospective approach, with certain practical expedients available.
The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2019 and elected certain available practical expedients and implemented internal controls and key system functionality to enable the preparation of financial information on adoption.
The standard had a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets but did not have a material impact on its Consolidated Statements of Operations. The most significant impact was the recognition of ROU assets and the current and long-term components of lease liabilities for operating leases, while the Company’s accounting for finance leases remained substantially unchanged. See Note 12 for more information.
F-12
2. Related Party Transactions
GRC provides human resources, information technology, accounting, legal, technical, and other services to the Company. The Company obtains it business insurance under GRC. The accompanying financial statements include allocations of all of these expenses. The allocation method calculates the appropriate share of overhead cost to the Company by using time spent by GRC employees. The Company believes the allocation methodology used is reasonable, has been consistently applied, and results in an appropriate allocation of costs incurred. However, these allocations may not be indicative of the cost had the Company been a stand-alone entity or of future services. GRC allocated $2.4 million and $2.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. These costs were treated as capital contributions from Parent in the accompanying financial statements. In addition, the Company also receives cash contributions from its Parent to help fund its operations and mine development, which are not expected to be repaid and are treated as capital contributions. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received total capital contributions from GRC of $29.6 million and $22.4 million, respectively, inclusive of allocated costs described above.
3. Revenue
The following table presents the Company’s net sales disaggregated by source:
Year ended December 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Sales, net | ||||||||
Gold doré sales | $ | 15,084 | $ | - | ||||
Less: Refining charges | (19 | ) | - | |||||
Total sales, net | $ | 15,065 | $ | - |
4. Inventories
At December 31, 2019 and 2018, current inventories consisted of the following:
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Stockpiles | $ | 736 | $ | 345 | ||||
Leach pad | 9,102 | 376 | ||||||
Doré | 742 | - | ||||||
Subtotal - product inventories | 10,580 | 721 | ||||||
Materials and supplies | 44 | - | ||||||
Total | $ | 10,624 | $ | 721 |
In addition to the inventory above, as of December 31, 2019, the Company has $4.7 million of low-grade ore stockpile inventory included in other non-current assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded a net realizable value inventory adjustment of $2.9 million for inventories at its Isabella Pearl Mine.
F-13
5. Income Taxes
The Company files a consolidated U.S. income tax return. The Company does not file state income tax returns as all of its operations are in Nevada which does not have an income tax. For financial reporting purposes, net losses before income taxes is as follows:
Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
U.S. Operations | $ | (2,992 | ) | $ | (4,763 | ) | ||
Total income before income taxes | $ | (2,992 | ) | $ | (4,763 | ) |
The Company had no current or deferred income tax expense from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 due to the losses generated in those years. At the federal level, the Company’s losses in the U.S. are taxed at 21%, while a 5% net proceeds of minerals tax applies to the Company’s operations in Nevada. No net proceeds tax was due in 2019 as the Company was in a loss position for purposes of the tax calculation.
The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable United States statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income from operations as a result of the following differences:
Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Tax at statutory rates | $ | (628 | ) | $ | (1,000 | ) | ||
Change in valuation allowance | 656 | 997 | ||||||
Other | (28 | ) | 3 | |||||
Tax provision | $ | - | $ | - |
The following table sets forth deferred tax assets and liabilities:
At December 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Non-current deferred tax assets: | ||||||||
Tax loss carryforward - U.S. | $ | 1,328 | $ | 1,629 | ||||
Property and equipment | 214 | - | ||||||
Inventory | 521 | - | ||||||
Total deferred tax assets | 2,063 | 1,629 | ||||||
Valuation allowance | (2,063 | ) | (1,407 | ) | ||||
Deferred tax assets after valuation allowance | $ | - | $ | 222 | ||||
Deferred tax liability – Property and equipment | - | (222 | ) | |||||
Net deferred tax asset | $ | - | $ | - |
Other Tax Disclosures
The Company evaluates the evidence available to determine whether a valuation allowance is required on the deferred tax assets. The Company determined that its deferred tax assets were not "more likely than not" to be realized as a result of net operating losses to date and thus a full valuation allowance was recorded as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.
F-14
At December 31, 2019, the Company has federal loss carryforwards of $1.3 million with no expiration date related to net operating losses.
As of both December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company believes that it has no uncertain tax positions. If the Company were to determine there was an uncertain tax position, the Company would recognize the liability and related interest and penalties within income tax expense.
6. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
At December 31, 2019 and 2018, prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Prepaid insurance | $ | 132 | $ | 180 | ||||
Prepaid royalties | 127 | 295 | ||||||
Other current assets | 60 | 32 | ||||||
Total | $ | 319 | $ | 507 |
7. Property, Plant and Mine Development, net
At December 31, 2019 and 2018, property, plant and mine development consisted of the following:
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Asset retirement costs | $ | 2,429 | $ | 703 | ||||
Construction-in-progress | 9,545 | 21,679 | ||||||
Furniture and office equipment | 276 | 145 | ||||||
Leach pad and ponds | 5,649 | - | ||||||
Land | 13 | 13 | ||||||
Light vehicles and other mobile equipment | 432 | 403 | ||||||
Machinery and equipment | 14,048 | 3,832 | ||||||
Mill facilities and infrastructure | 7,555 | 761 | ||||||
Mineral interests and mineral rights | 18,228 | 17,958 | ||||||
Mine development | 11,049 | - | ||||||
Software and licenses | 65 | 65 | ||||||
Subtotal (1) (2) | 69,289 | 45,559 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (9,272 | ) | (276 | ) | ||||
Total | $ | 60,017 | $ | 45,283 |
(1) | Includes $1.8 and $1.7 million of assets recorded under finance leases at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Please see Note 12 for additional information. |
(2) | Includes capital expenditures in accounts payable of $2.1 million and $3.3 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. |
The Company recorded depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 of $4.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively.
8. Other Current Liabilities
At December 31, 2019 and 2018, other current liabilities consisted of the following:
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Sales and use tax payable | $ | 317 | $ | 13 | ||||
Accrued royalty payments | 126 | - | ||||||
Total | $ | 443 | $ | 13 |
F-15
9. Reclamation and Remediation
The following table presents the changes in the Company’s reclamation and remediation obligations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Reclamation liabilities – balance at beginning of period | $ | 93 | $ | 93 | ||||
Changes in estimate | (82 | ) | - | |||||
Reclamation liabilities – balance at end of period | 11 | 93 | ||||||
Asset retirement obligation – balance at beginning of period | 703 | - | ||||||
Changes in estimate | 1,726 | 703 | ||||||
Accretion | 57 | - | ||||||
Asset retirement obligation – balance at end of period | 2,486 | 703 | ||||||
Total period end balance | $ | 2,497 | $ | 796 |
The Company’s undiscounted reclamation liabilities are related to exploration properties in Nevada.
The Company’s asset retirement obligation was discounted using a credit adjusted risk-free rate of 8%. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded an asset retirement obligation of $2.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively, related to the Isabella Pearl project.
10. Loans Payable
The Company has financed certain equipment purchases. The loans bear annual interest at rates ranging from 3% to 4.48%, are collateralized by the equipment, and require monthly principal and interest payments of $0.07 million. As of December 31, 2019, there is an outstanding balance of $1.7 million which approximates fair value of the loans. Scheduled minimum repayments are $0.9 million in 2020, $0.7 million in 2021, and $0.1 million in 2022. One of the loan agreements is subject to a prepayment penalty of 1% of the outstanding loan balance at time of full repayment.
11. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company has a Contract Mining Agreement with a mining contractor relating to mining activities at its Isabella Pearl project. Included in this Agreement is an embedded lease for the mining equipment for which the Company has recognized a right-of-use asset and corresponding operating lease liability. Please see Note 12 for more information. In addition to the embedded lease payments, the Company pays the contract miner operational costs in the normal course of business. These costs represent the remaining future contractual payments for the Contract Mining Agreement over its term. The contractual payments are determined by rates within the Contract Mining Agreement, estimated tonnes moved and bank cubic yards for drilling and blasting. As of December 31, 2019, total estimated contractual payments remaining, excluding embedded lease payments, are $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
12. Leases
Operating Leases
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements (see "Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements"), the Company adopted the new lease accounting standard on January 1, 2019. Upon adoption, the Company recognized operating lease assets and corresponding operating lease liabilities totaling $13.7 million. The Company’s finance leases did not change from December 31, 2018.
F-16
Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases as incurred over the lease term. For leases beginning in 2019 and later, the Company accounts for lease components (e.g., fixed payments including rent, real estate taxes and insurance costs) separately from the non-lease components (e.g., common-area maintenance costs).
The depreciable life of assets are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. The weighted average remaining lease term for the Company’s operating leases as of December 31, 2019 is 0.83 years.
The discount rate implicit within the Company’s leases is generally not determinable and therefore the Company determines the discount rate based on its incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate for the Company’s leases is determined based on the lease term adjusted for impacts of collateral. The weighted average discount rate used to measure the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019 was 4.48%.
There are no material residual value guarantees and no restrictions or covenants imposed by the Company’s leases.
The Company has an embedded lease in its Contract Mining Agreement. The Company’s lease payments for its mining equipment embedded lease are determined by tonnage hauled. This embedded lease is within a Contract Mining Agreement entered into for the mining activities at the Company’s Isabella Pearl Mine. The payments, amortization of the right-of-use asset, and interest vary immaterially from forecasted amounts due to variable conditions at the mine. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company capitalized variable lease costs of $2.4 million to Inventory and $4.7 million to Property, plant, and mine development, respectively.
Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands)
Year Ending December 31: | ||||
2020 | $ | 7,257 | ||
2021 | - | |||
2022 | - | |||
2023 | - | |||
Thereafter | - | |||
Total lease payments | 7,257 | |||
Less imputed interest | (132 | ) | ||
Present value of minimum payments | 7,125 | |||
Less: current portion | (7,125 | ) | ||
Long-term portion of minimum payments | $ | - |
Future minimum lease payments, including both the future minimum lease payments and the other non-lease element payments for the Contract Mining Agreement, as of December 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31: | ||||
2019 | $ | 16,151 | ||
2020 | 14,765 | |||
2021 | - | |||
2022 | - | |||
Thereafter | - | |||
Total lease payments | $ | 30,916 |
F-17
Finance Leases
The Company has finance lease agreements for certain equipment. The leases bear annual imputed interest of 4.48% to 5.95% and require monthly principal, interest, and sales tax payments of $0.04 million. The weighted average discount rate for the Company’s finance leases is 5.86%. Scheduled minimum annual payments as of December 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31: | ||||
2020 | $ | 474 | ||
2021 | 410 | |||
2022 | 13 | |||
2023 | 13 | |||
Thereafter | 3 | |||
Total minimum obligations | 913 | |||
Less: interest portion | (49 | ) | ||
Present value of minimum payments | 864 | |||
Less: current portion | (438 | ) | ||
Long-term portion of minimum payments | $ | 426 |
Scheduled minimum annual payments as of December 31, 2018 were as follows (in thousands):
Year Ending December 31: | ||||
2019 | $ | 461 | ||
2020 | 461 | |||
2021 | 398 | |||
2022 | - | |||
Thereafter | - | |||
Total minimum obligations | 1,320 | |||
Less: interest portion | (102 | ) | ||
Present value of minimum payments | 1,218 | |||
Less: current portion | (404 | ) | ||
Long-term portion of minimum payments | $ | 814 |
The weighted average remaining lease term for the Company’s finance leases as of December 31, 2019 is 2.01 years.
Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating and finance leases is as follows for the year ended December 31, 2019:
F-18
13. Other Expense, Net
During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, other expense, net consisted of the following:
Year ended December 31, | ||||||||
2019 | 2018 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Interest expense | $ | 149 | $ | 169 | ||||
Charitable contributions | 19 | 7 | ||||||
Other expense | - | 1 | ||||||
Total | $ | 168 | $ | 177 |
14. Fair Value Measurement
Fair value accounting establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
Level 2 Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and
Level 3 Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity.)
As required by accounting guidance, assets are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following tables set forth certain of the Company’s assets measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:
2019 | 2018 | Input Hierarchy Level | ||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 866 | $ | 70 | Level 1 | |||||
Loans payable | $ | 1,661 | $ | 2,143 | Level 2 |
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument:
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash deposits and are valued at cost, which approximates fair value.
Loans payable consist of obligations for equipment purchases financed on a long-term basis. Loans payable are recorded at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. See Note 10 for additional information.
F-19
15. Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation is included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expenses allocated from GRC for options and restricted stock units granted under GRC’s equity incentive plan. Stock-based compensation charged to the Company from GRC was $0.4 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
16. Subsequent Events
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a respiratory disease caused by a new novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a pandemic. The Isabella Pearl Mine in Nevada has continued to operate at full capacity. Precious metal mining is considered essential to support critical infrastructure under guidelines from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the State of Nevada.
As of the date of the issuance of these Consolidated Financial Statements, there have been no other significant impacts, including impairments, to the Company’s operations and financial statements. However, the long-term impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak and related advisories and restrictions. These developments and the impact of COVID-19 on the financial markets and the overall economy are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. If the financial markets and/or the overall economy are impacted for an extended period, the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows may be materially adversely affected. The Company is not able to estimate the duration of the pandemic and potential impact on its business if disruptions or delays in business developments and shipments of product occur. In addition, a severe prolonged economic downturn could result in a variety of risks to the business, including a decreased ability to raise additional capital when and if needed on acceptable terms, if at all. As the situation continues to evolve, the Company will continue to closely monitor market conditions and respond accordingly. The Company has completed various scenario planning analyses to consider potential impacts of COVID-19 on its business, including volatility in commodity prices, temporary disruptions and/or curtailments of operating activities (voluntary or involuntary). The Company believes that its operations will be sufficient for the foreseeable future, although there is no assurance that will be the case.
F-20
PART II INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table shows the costs and expenses payable by the Company in connection with this registration statement.
SEC Filing Fee | $ | 7,507 | ||
Legal Fees and Expenses | 40,000 | |||
Accounting Fees and Expenses | 80,000 | |||
Miscellaneous Expenses | 7,493 | |||
Total* | $ | 135,000 |
*All expenses other than the SEC filing fee are estimated.
Item 14. | Indemnification of Officers and Directors |
The Colorado Business Corporation Act and the Company’s articles of Incorporation and Bylaws provide that the Company may indemnify any and all of its officers, directors, employees or agents or former officers, directors, employees or agents, against expenses actually and necessarily incurred by them, in connection with the defense of any legal proceeding or threatened legal proceeding, except as to matters in which such persons shall be determined to not have acted in good faith and in the Company’s best interest.
Our Bylaws authorize indemnification of a director, officer, employee or agent against expenses incurred by him in connection with any action, suit, or proceeding to which he is named a party by reason of his having acted or served in such capacity, except for liabilities arising from his own misconduct or negligence in performance of his duty. In addition, even a director, officer, employee, or agent found liable for misconduct or negligence in the performance of his duty may obtain such indemnification if, in view of all the circumstances in the case, a court of competent jurisdiction determines such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to our directors, officers, or controlling persons pursuant to these provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Item 15. | Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities. |
None.
II-1 |
Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
*Previously filed
^Filed with the amendment
Item 17. Undertakings
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
1) | To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: | |
i. | To include any prospectus required by Section l0 (a)(3) of the Securities Act: | |
ii. | To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events which, individually or together, represent a fundamental change in the information in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and |
II-2 |
iii. | To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement. | |
2) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Act”), each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. | |
3) | To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities that remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
4) | That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser: | |
i. | If the registrant is relying on Rule 430B: | |
A. | Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and | |
B. | Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or | |
ii. | If the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use. |
II-3
5) | That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities: |
The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
i. | Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; | |
ii. | Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; | |
iii. | The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and | |
iv. | Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser |
II-4
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of l933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Colorado Springs, CO on the 23rd day of November, 2020.
FORTITUDE GOLD CORPORATION | |
/s/ Jason D. Reid | |
By: Jason D. Reid, Chief Executive, Financial and Accounting Officer |
In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act of l933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
/s/ Jason D. Reid | Chief Executive Officer, President and Director | November 23, 2020 | |||
Jason D. Reid | (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||
/s/ Bill M. Conrad | Chairman of the Board of Directors | November 23, 2020 | |||
Bill M. Conrad |
II-5
Exhibit 3.2
BYLAWS
OF
FORTITUDE GOLD CORPORATION
(as amended)
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section l. Offices:
The principal office of the Corporation shall be determined by the Board of Directors, and the Corporation shall have other offices at such places as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.
ARTICLE II
STOCKHOLDER'S MEETINGS
Section l. Place:
The place of stockholders' meetings shall be the principal office of the Corporation unless another location shall be determined and designated from time to time by the Board of Directors.
Section 2. Annual Meeting:
The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation for the election of directors to succeed those whose terms expire, and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting, shall be held no later than one year after the end of the Corporation’s fiscal year on a date to be determined by the Board of Directors.
Section 3. Special Meetings:
Special meetings of the stockholders for any purpose or purposes may be called by the President, the Board of Directors, or the holders of ten percent (l0%) or more of all the shares entitled to vote at such meeting, by the giving of notice in writing as hereinafter described.
Section 4. Voting:
At all meetings of stockholders, voting may be viva vote; but any qualified voter may demand a stock vote, whereupon such vote shall be taken by ballot and the Secretary shall record the name of the stockholder voting, the number of shares voted, and, if such vote shall be by proxy, the name of the proxy holder. Voting may be in person or by proxy appointed in writing, manually signed by the stockholder or his or her duly authorized attorney-in-fact.
Each stockholder shall have such rights to vote as the Articles of Incorporation provide for each share of stock registered in his or her name on the books of the Corporation. The Corporation may establish a record date, not to exceed, in any case, 70 days preceding the meeting, for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote. The Secretary of the Corporation shall make, at least ten (l0) days before each meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting or any adjournment thereof, arranged in alphabetical order, with the address of and the number of shares held by each, which list, for a period of ten (l0) days prior to such meeting, shall be kept on file at the principal office of the Corporation and shall be subject to inspection by any stockholder at any time during usual business hours. Such list shall also be produced and kept open at the time and place of the meeting and shall be subject to the inspection of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting.
Beneficial owners of this Corporation’s common stock registered in the name of Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation or any other clearing organization will be recognized as stockholders entitled to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting provided that the following procedures are followed.
· | If the stockholder is voting at the meeting, the stockholder provides a valid government issued identification document and brokerage statement identifying the stockholder as the holder of shares of this Corporation’s common stock. |
· | If a person is voting on behalf of a stockholder at the meeting, the person provides a signed proxy card and brokerage statement identifying the stockholder voting by proxy as the holder of shares of this Corporation’s common stock. |
· | If the stockholder is voting by proxy, the stockholder sends a signed proxy card and brokerage statement identifying the stockholder as the holder of shares of this Corporation’s common stock. |
Each share of this Corporation’s common stock that is listed on any brokerage statement provided in person or by proxy will be entitled to one vote at any meeting.
Section 5. Order of Business:
The order of business at any meeting of stockholders shall be as follows, unless otherwise determined by the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer:
l. Call the meeting to order.
2. Report of a corporate officer as to the number of shares represented at the meeting and the existence or lack of a quorum.
3. Election of directors, if appropriate.
4. Reports of officers or committees, if any.
5. Old or new business.
6. Adjournment.
To the extent that these Bylaws do not apply, Roberts' Rules of Order shall prevail.
Section 6. Notices:
Written or printed notice stating the place, day, and hour of the meeting and, in case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be delivered not less than l0 nor more than 70 days before the date of the meeting, either personally or by mail, by or at the direction of the President, the Secretary, or the officer or persons calling the meeting, to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the shareholder at his or her address as it appears on the stock transfer books of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid.
Section 7. Quorum:
A quorum at any annual or special meeting shall consist of the representation in person or by proxy of 33 1/3% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting. In the event a quorum be not present, the meeting may be adjourned by those present for a period not to exceed sixty (60) days at any one adjournment; and no further notice of the meeting or its adjournment shall be required.
ARTICLE III
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section l. Organization and Powers:
The Board of Directors shall constitute the policy-making or legislative authority of the Corporation. Management of the affairs, property, and business of the Corporation shall be vested in the Board of Directors, which shall consist of not less than one nor more than ten members, who shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders by a plurality vote for a term of one (l) year, and shall hold office until their successors are elected and qualify. The number of directors shall be established from time-to-time by a resolution of the directors. Directors need not be stockholders. Directors shall have all powers with respect to the management, control, and determination of policies of the Corporation that are not limited by these Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation, or by statute, and the enumeration of any power shall not be considered a limitation thereof.
Section 2. Vacancies:
Any vacancy in the Board of Directors, however caused or created, shall be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, though less than a quorum of the Board, or at a special meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose. The directors elected to fill vacancies shall hold office for the unexpired term and until their successors are elected and qualify.
Section 3. Regular Meetings:
A regular meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held, without other notice than this Bylaw, immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders or any special meeting of stockholders at which a director or directors shall have been elected. The Board of Directors will meet quarterly.
Section 4. Special Meetings:
Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at the principal office of the Corporation, or such other place as may be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors for such purpose, at any time on call of the President or of any member of the Board, or may be held at any time and place without notice, by unanimous written consent of all the members, or with the presence and participation of all members at such meeting. A resolution in writing signed by all the directors shall be as valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a meeting of the directors duly called, constituted, and held.
Section 5. Notices:
Notices of both regular and special meetings, except when held by unanimous consent or participation, shall be sent by the Secretary to each member of the Board not less than three days before any such meeting and notices of special meetings may state the purposes thereof. No failure or irregularity of notice of any regular meeting shall invalidate such meeting or any proceeding thereat.
Section 6. Quorum and Manner of Acting:
A quorum for any meeting of the Board of Directors shall be a majority of the Board of Directors as then constituted. Any act of the majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. Any action of such majority, although not at a regularly called meeting, and the record thereof, if assented to in writing by all of the other members of the Board, shall always be as valid and effective in all respects as if otherwise duly taken by the Board of Directors.
Section 7. Order of Business:
The order of business at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors, unless otherwise prescribed for any meeting by the Board, shall be as follows:
l. Reading and disposal of any unapproved minutes.
2. Reports of officers and committees.
3. New business.
4. Adjournment.
To the extent that these Bylaws do not apply, Roberts' Rules of Order shall prevail.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 1. Officers:
The officers of the Corporation shall be those designated by the Board of Directors. The officers shall have the powers, responsibilities and duties as may be designed by the Board or the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer. In the discretion of the Board, one person may hold more than one office and two or more persons may serve in any one office.
Notwithstanding the above, the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary will have responsibility for the preparation and maintenance of minutes of the directors’ and shareholders’ meetings and other records and information required to be kept by the Corporation pursuant to C.R.S. 7-116-101 and for authenticating records of the Corporation.
Section 2. Vacancies or Absences:
If a vacancy in any office arises in any manner, the directors then in office may choose, by a majority vote, a successor to hold office for the unexpired term of the officer. If any officer shall be absent or unable for any reason to perform his or her duties, the Board of Directors, to the extent not otherwise inconsistent with these Bylaws, may direct that the duties of such officer during such absence or inability shall be performed by such other officer or subordinate officer as seems advisable to the Board.
ARTICLE V
STOCK
Section 1. Regulations:
The Board of Directors shall have power and authority to take all such rules and regulations as they deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer, and registration of certificates for shares of the capital stock of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may appoint a Transfer Agent and/or a Registrar and may require all stock certificates to bear the signature of such Transfer Agent and/or Registrar.
Section 2. Restrictions on Stock:
The Board of Directors may restrict any stock issued by giving the Corporation or any stockholder "first right of refusal to purchase" the stock, by making the stock redeemable or by restricting the transfer of the stock, under such terms and in such manner as the directors may deem necessary and as are not inconsistent with the Articles of Incorporation or by statute. Any stock so restricted must carry a stamped legend setting out the restriction or conspicuously noting the restriction and stating where it may be found in the records of the Corporation.
ARTICLE VI
DIVIDENDS AND FISCAL YEAR
Section l. Dividends:
Dividends may be declared by the directors and paid out of any funds legally available therefor, as may be deemed advisable from time to time by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. Before declaring any dividends, the Board of Directors may set aside out of net profits or earned or other surplus such sums as the Board may think proper as a reserve fund to meet contingencies or for other purposes deemed proper and to the best interests of the Corporation.
Section 2. Fiscal Year:
The Board of Directors by resolution shall determine the fiscal year of the Corporation.
ARTICLE VII
AMENDMENTS
These Bylaws may be altered, amended, or repealed by the Board of Directors by resolution of a majority of the Board.
ARTICLE VIII
INDEMNIFICATION
The Corporation shall indemnify any and all of its directors or officers, or former directors or officers, or any other person, to the fullest extent provided by the laws of Colorado.
ARTICLE IX
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
No contract or other transaction of the Corporation with any other persons, firms or corporations, or in which the Corporation is interested, shall be affected or invalidated by the fact that any one or more of the directors or officers of the Corporation is interested in or is a director or officer of such other firm or corporation; or by the fact that any director or officer of the Corporation, individually or jointly with others, may be a party to or may be interested in any such contract or transaction.
Exhibit 5.2
HART & HART, LLC
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
1624 Washington Street
Denver, CO 80203
William T. Hart, P.C. | __________ | harttrinen@aol.com |
Will Hart | (303) 839-0061 | Fax: (303) 839-5414 |
November 20, 2020
Fortitude Gold Corporation
2886 Carriage Manor Point,
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80906
This letter will constitute an opinion upon the legality of the issuance by Fortitude Gold Corporation (the "Company") of 20,000,000 Series A Rights and 20,000,000 Series B Rights, all as referred to in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
We have examined the Articles of Incorporation, the Bylaws, the minutes of the Board of Directors of the Company, the Shareholder Rights Agreement and the applicable laws of Colorado, all reported judicial decisions interpreting the same, and a copy of the Registration Statement.
In our opinion, subject to the following:
· | the 20,000,000 Series A Rights and 20,000,000 Series B Rights have been legally issued and represent binding obligations of the Company. |
· | the Shareholder Rights Agreement has been duly adopted by the Company and is the binding obligation of the Company. |
This opinion does not
address the determination a court of competent jurisdiction may make regarding whether the board of directors would be required
to redeem or terminate, or take other action with respect to, the rights at some future time based on the facts and circumstances
existing at that time;
Board members are assumed
to have acted in a manner consistent with their fiduciary duties as required under applicable law in adopting the Shareholder Rights
Agreement; and
This opinion addresses the rights and the Shareholder Rights Agreement in their entirety, and it is not settled whether the invalidity of any particular provision of the Shareholder Rights Agreement or of the rights issued thereunder would result in invalidating such rights in their entirety.
Very Truly Yours, | ||
HART & HART, LLC | ||
By | /s/ William T. Hart | |
William T. Hart |
Fortitude Gold Exhibit 5 Revised 11-20-20
Exhibit 23.2
CONSENT OF ATTORNEYS
Reference is made to the Registration Statement of Fortitude Gold Corporation on Form S-1 relating to the issuance of 20,000,000 Series A Rights and 20,000,000 Series B Rights pursuant to the Company's Shareholder Rights Agreement. Reference is also made to Exhibit 5 included in the Registration Statement relating to the validity of the Series A and Series B Rights and the Company's Shareholder Rights Agreement.
We hereby consent to the use of our opinion concerning the validity of the Series A and Series B Rights so issued and the Company's Shareholder Rights Agreement.
Very truly yours, | |
HART & HART, LLC | |
/s/ William T. Hart | |
William T. Hart | |
Denver, Colorado | |
November 20, 2020 |
Fortitude Gold Exh 23.1 Revised 11-20-20
Exhibit 23.3
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We hereby consent use in the Prospectus constituting part of this Registration Statement on Form S-1 Amendment No.1 of our report dated June 23, 2020 relating to the financial statements of GRC Nevada Inc. for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the prospectus, which is part of the registration statement.
/s/ PLANTE & MORAN, PLLC | |
Denver, Colorado | |
November 20, 2020 |
Exhibit 23.4
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We hereby consent use in the Prospectus constituting part of this Registration Statement on Form S-1Amendment No.1 of our report dated November 20, 2020 relating to the financial statements of Fortitude Gold Corporation as of August 15, 2020. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the prospectus, which is part of the registration statement.
/s/ PLANTE & MORAN, PLLC | |
Denver, Colorado | |
November 20, 2020 |
Exhibit 99.2
2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
REPORT ON THE ESTIMATE OF
MINERAL RESOURCES
and
MINERAL RESERVES
(as amended)
for the
ISABELLA PEARL MINE
MINERAL COUNTY, NEVADA
for
WALKER LANE MINERALS CORP.
(a wholly-owned subsidiary of Gold Resource Corp.)
Signed by:
FRED H. BROWN, PGeo
Senior Resource Geologist, GRC Nevada Inc.
J. RICARDO GARCIA, PEng
Corporate Chief Engineer, Gold Resource Corp.
BARRY D. DEVLIN, PGeo
Vice President, Exploration, Gold Resource Corp.
JOY L. LESTER, SME-RM
Chief Geologist, Gold Resource Corp.
Effective Date: | December 31, 2019 |
Report Date: | February 26, 2020 |
2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 | SUMMARY | 10 | ||||
1.1 | Introduction and Purpose | 10 | ||||
1.2 | Property Description and Ownership | 10 | ||||
1.3 | Geology and Mineralization | 11 | ||||
1.4 | Exploration and Mining History | 12 | ||||
1.5 | Metallurgical Testing and Process Design Criteria | 12 | ||||
1.6 | Mineral Resource Estimate | 14 | ||||
1.7 | Mineral Reserve Estimate | 15 | ||||
1.8 | Mining Methods | 16 | ||||
1.9 | Mineral Processing and Recovery Methods | 17 | ||||
1.10 | Mine Infrastructure | 17 | ||||
1.11 | Environmental Studies and Permitting | 17 | ||||
1.12 | Conclusions and Recommendations | 19 | ||||
2 | INTRODUCTION | 22 | ||||
2.1 | Terms of Reference and Purpose of Report | 22 | ||||
2.2 | Qualifications of Qualified Persons | 22 | ||||
2.3 | Details of Inspection | 23 | ||||
2.4 | Sources of Information | 24 | ||||
2.5 | Effective Date | 24 | ||||
2.6 | Units of Measure | 24 | ||||
3 | RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS | 25 | ||||
4 | PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION | 26 | ||||
4.1 | Property Location | 26 | ||||
4.2 | Mineral Titles | 28 | ||||
4.3 | Royalties, Agreements and Encumbrances | 29 | ||||
4.4 | Environmental Liabilities and Permitting | 30 | ||||
4.4.1 | Environmental Liabilities | 30 | ||||
4.4.2 | Required Permits and Status | 30 | ||||
4.5 | Other Significant Factors and Risks | 31 | ||||
5 | ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY | 32 | ||||
5.1 | Topography, Elevation and Vegetation | 32 | ||||
5.2 | Accessibility and Transportation to the Property | 32 |
1
2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
5.3 | Climate | 33 | ||
5.4 | Sufficiency of Surface Rights | 33 | ||
5.5 | Infrastructure Availability and Sources | 34 | ||
5.5.1 | Power | 34 | ||
5.5.2 | Water | 34 | ||
5.5.3 | Mining Personnel | 34 | ||
5.5.4 | Tailings Storage Area | 34 | ||
5.5.5 | Waste Disposal Area | 35 | ||
5.5.6 | Heap Leach Pad Area | 35 | ||
5.5.7 | Processing Plant Site | 35 | ||
6 | HISTORY | 36 | ||
6.1 | Prior Ownership and Ownership Changes | 36 | ||
6.2 | Exploration and Development Results of Previous Owners | 36 | ||
6.3 | Historical Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates | 37 | ||
6.4 | Historical Production | 38 | ||
6.5 | Isabella Pearl Mine Production | 38 | ||
7 | GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND MINERALIZATION | 39 | ||
7.1 | Regional Geology | 39 | ||
7.2 | Local and Property Geology | 41 | ||
7.2.1 | Lithology | 44 | ||
7.2.2 | Structural Geology | 44 | ||
7.2.3 | Alteration | 45 | ||
7.3 | Isabella Pearl Mineralized Zones | 47 | ||
7.3.1 | Extents and Continuity | 48 | ||
8 | DEPOSIT TYPE | 49 | ||
9 | EXPLORATION | 52 | ||
9.1 | Relevant Exploration Work | 52 | ||
9.1.1 | Exploration by TXAU | 52 | ||
9.1.2 | Exploration by WLMC | 52 | ||
9.2 | Significant Results and Interpretation | 53 | ||
9.3 | Exploration Potential Outside Mine Area | 54 | ||
10 | DRILLING | 56 | ||
10.1 | Type and Extent | 56 | ||
10.2 | Procedures | 58 |
2
2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
3
2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
14.2.3 | Measured Mineral Resource | 94 | |||
14.3 | Database | 94 | |||
14.3.1 | Drill Data | 95 | |||
14.4 | Bulk Density | 96 | |||
14.5 | Wireframe Modeling | 97 | |||
14.5.1 | Topography | 97 | |||
14.5.2 | Gridded Surfaces | 99 | |||
14.5.3 | Mineralization Envelopes | 99 | |||
14.6 | Compositing | 100 | |||
14.7 | Exploratory Data Analysis | 101 | |||
14.8 | Treatment of Extreme Values | 105 | |||
14.9 | Continuity Analysis | 107 | |||
14.10 | Block Model | 107 | |||
14.11 | Estimation and Classification | 108 | |||
14.12 | Mineral Resource Estimate | 110 | |||
14.13 | Mineral Resource Estimate Sensitivity | 111 | |||
14.14 | Opinion on Adequacy | 112 | |||
14.15 | Validation | 113 | |||
14.16 | Risk Factors | 115 | |||
15 | MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATE | 116 | |||
15.1 | Introduction | 116 | |||
15.2 | Mineral Reserve Definitions | 116 | |||
15.2.1 | Probable Mineral Reserve | 116 | |||
15.2.2 | Proven Mineral Reserve | 117 | |||
15.3 | Previous Mineral Reserve Estimates | 117 | |||
15.4 | Mineral Reserve Estimation | 117 | |||
15.5 | Mineral Reserve Estimate | 118 | |||
15.6 | Conversion of Mineral Resource to Mineral Reserve | 118 | |||
15.6.1 | Dilution | 118 | |||
15.6.2 | Cutoff Grade | 119 | |||
15.6.2.1 | Breakeven Cutoff Grade | 119 | |||
15.6.2.2 | Internal Cutoff Grade | 120 | |||
15.6.2.3 | Cut-Over Grade | 120 | |||
15.7 | Relevant Factors | 120 |
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16 | MINING METHODS | 121 | |||
16.1 | Mining Methods Summary | 121 | |||
17 | RECOVERY METHODS | 123 | |||
17.1 | Process Description Summary | 123 | |||
18 | MINE INFRASTRUCTURE | 126 | |||
18.1 | Mine Infrastructure Summary | 126 | |||
19 | MARKET STUDIES AND CONTRACTS | 130 | |||
19.1 | Contracts and Status | 130 | |||
20 | ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING AND SOCIAL OR COMMUNITY IMPACT | 131 | |||
20.1 | Required Permits and Status | 131 | |||
20.1.1 | Federal Permitting | 134 | |||
20.1.1.1 | BLM Exploration Notice of Intent (NOI) | 134 | |||
20.1.2 | State Permitting | 135 | |||
20.1.3 | Local Permitting | 135 | |||
20.2 | Environmental Study Results | 136 | |||
20.3 | Environmental Issues | 136 | |||
20.4 | Operating and Post-Closure Requirements and Plans | 137 | |||
20.5 | Post-Performance or Reclamation Bonds | 138 | |||
20.5.1 | Mine Closure Plan | 138 | |||
20.5.2 | Reclamation Measures During Operations and Mine Closure | 138 | |||
20.5.3 | Closure Monitoring | 139 | |||
20.5.4 | Reclamation and Closure Cost Estimate | 139 | |||
20.5.5 | 2019 Estimate of Current Closure Costs | 140 | |||
20.6 | Social and Community | 141 | |||
21 | ADJACENT PROPERTIES | 142 | |||
21.1 | Owner Properties | 142 | |||
21.2 | Third-Party Properties | 144 | |||
22 | OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION | 147 | |||
23 | INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS | 148 | |||
23.1 | Geology and Exploration | 148 | |||
23.2 | Mineral Resources | 148 | |||
23.3 | Mineral Reserves | 150 | |||
23.4 | Mining | 150 | |||
23.5 | Metallurgy and Processing | 151 |
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2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Drilling History at the Isabella Pearl Mine (1987 – 2019) | 12 |
Table 1.2 Summary Metallurgical Test Work Completed on Isabella Pearl Deposit | 13 |
Table 1.3 Gold Recovery Estimate | 14 |
Table 1.4 Mineral Resource Inventory for the Isabella Pearl Deposit | 15 |
Table 1.5 Mineral Reserve Statement for the Isabella Pearl Deposit | 16 |
Table 1.6 Summary of Costs for Optional Recommended Work | 21 |
Table 6.1 MDA’s Isabella Pearl Pit Optimization Parameters | 38 |
Table 6.2 Results of MDA’s November 2013 Mineral Reserve Estimate for the Isabella Pearl Project | 38 |
Table 6.3 Isabella Pearl Mine Production 2019 | 38 |
Table 7.1 Approximate Extents of Gold-Silver Deposits in the Isabella Pearl Mine Area | 48 |
Table 10.1 Drilling History at the Isabella Pearl Mine | 56 |
Table 10.2 Isabella Pearl Drill Hole Database Summary | 57 |
Table 10.3 Isabella Pearl Assay Database Summary | 57 |
Table 10.4 Significant Results 2018-2019 Drilling at Isabella Pearl | 62 |
Table 11.1 WLMC 2016 through 2018 QA/QC Results | 66 |
Table 11.2 WLMC 2019 Standard Reference Materials | 66 |
Table 11.3 2018 SRM Warnings | 67 |
Table 11.4 2019 Blank Material Warnings | 67 |
Table 13.1 Summary Metallurgical Test Work Completed on Isabella Pearl Deposit | 73 |
Table 13.2 Summary of Isabella Pearl Mine Core Composites Assays, KCA 2017 Program | 79 |
Table 13.3 Summary Direct Agitated Cyanidation (Bottle Roll) Gold Test Results, KCA 2017 Program | 79 |
Table 13.4 Summary Direct Agitated Cyanidation (Bottle Roll) Silver Test Results, KCA 2017 Program | 80 |
Table 13.5 Summary of Head Screen Analyses | 81 |
Table 13.6 Detailed Results of Head Screen Analysis | 82 |
Table 13.7 Summary of Mercury and Copper in Sample, KCA 2017 Program | 83 |
Table 13.8 Summary of Carbon and Sulfur Content, KCA 2017 Program | 84 |
Table 13.9 Comparison of Drain Down Values and % Slump | 85 |
Table 13.10 Summary Column Leach Test Results, KCA 2017 Program | 86 |
Table 13.11 Summary of All Bottle Roll Tests Completed on the Isabella Pearl Mine | 88 |
Table 13.12 Summary of All Column Leach Tests Completed on the Isabella Pearl Mine | 89 |
Table 13.13 Summary of NaCN and Lime Consumption for the Column Leach Tests | 90 |
Table 13.14 Bottle Roll Gold Recovery Estimate by Size Range | 91 |
Table 13.15 Column Leach Gold Recovery Estimation by Size Range | 91 |
Table 13.16 Gold Recovery Estimate | 92 |
Table 13.17 NaCN and Lime Consumption | 92 |
Table 14.1 Summary Assay Statistics | 96 |
Table 14.2 GCP Geolocation Errors | 98 |
Table 14.3 Constrained Composite Statistics | 102 |
Table 14.4 Capping Thresholds | 107 |
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Table 14.5 Experimental Semi-Variograms and Modeled Rotations | 107 |
Table 14.6 Block Model Setup | 108 |
Table 14.7 Mineral Resources Cutoff Calculation | 111 |
Table 14.8 Mineral Resource Inventory for the Isabella Pearl Deposit | 111 |
Table 14.9 Cutoff Grade Sensitivity for the Isabella Pearl Deposit | 112 |
Table 14.10 Validation Statistics | 113 |
Table 14.11 Estimation Risk Factors | 115 |
Table 15.1 Mineral Reserve Statement Isabella Pearl Deposit as of December 31, 2018 | 117 |
Table 15.2 Mineral Reserve Statement Isabella Pearl Deposit as of December 31, 2019 | 118 |
Table 15.3 Cutoff Grade Assumptions | 119 |
Table 18.1 Infrastructure Items and Specifications | 127 |
Table 20.1 Permits, Licenses and Issuing Authorities for the Isabella Pearl Mine | 131 |
Table 20.2 BLM Notice of Intent (NOI) Summary for the Isabella Pearl Mine | 134 |
Table 20.3 Mine Closure and Reclamation Cost Estimate for the Isabella Pearl Mine as of December 31, 2019 | 140 |
Table 24.1 Summary of Costs for Optional Recommended Work | 154 |
Table 24.2 Detailed Budget for Proposed Exploration Drilling Mine | 155 |
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4.1 General Location Map of the Isabella Pearl Mine | 27 |
Figure 4.2 Isabella Pearl Mineral Claims Map | 28 |
Figure 5.1 Isabella Pearl Mine Access | 33 |
Figure 7.1 Isabella Pearl Mine Regional Geologic Map | 40 |
Figure 7.2 Isabella Pearl Mine Stratigraphic Column | 42 |
Figure 7.3 Isabella Pearl Mine Geologic Map | 43 |
Figure 8.1 High Sulfidation Characteristics of the Isabella Pearl Mineralization | 49 |
Figure 8.2 Conceptual Model for Formation of the Isabella Pearl Deposit | 50 |
Figure 8.3 Idealized Stratigraphic Section Highlighting Mineralization Controls for Isabella Pearl | 51 |
Figure 9.1 3D Modeling of Mineralized Structures and Faults Northwest of Isabella Pearl Deposit | 54 |
Figure 9.2 WLMC’s Regional Land Status Highlighting Isabella Pearl and Other Important Mines and Prospects | 55 |
Figure 10.1 Isabella Pearl Drill Hole Location Map | 57 |
Figure 10.2 2018-2019 Drill hole Collar Locations Isabella Pearl | 61 |
Figure 11.1 2019 SRM Performance | 67 |
Figure 11.2 2019 Blank Material Performance | 68 |
Figure 11.3 2019 SRM Pulp Sample Rejects Reassays | 69 |
Figure 11.4 Au Field Duplicate Control Plot | 69 |
Figure 11.5 Au Min Max Field Duplicate Control Plot | 70 |
Figure 11.6 Cyanide Leach vs Fire Assay Comparison Plot | 70 |
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2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
Figure 13.1: Drill Hole Locations for 2017 WLMC Metallurgical Samples | 76 |
Figure 13.2 Plan View of TXAU & WLMC Metallurgical DDH Locations | 77 |
Figure 13.3 Section View of TXAU & WLMC Metallurgical DDH Locations (looking northwest) | 77 |
Figure 13.4 Plan and Section of Sample Locations for WLMC Test Program in Relation to Ore Zone | 78 |
Figure 13.5 Bottle Roll Tests Showing % Gold Extraction During Leach Period | 80 |
Figure 13.6 Bottle Roll Tests Showing % Silver Extraction During Leach Period | 80 |
Figure 13.7 Head Screen Analysis Showing Cumulative Weight Percent Passing Crush Size in Inches) | 83 |
Figure 13.8 Flow Sheet for Crushed Material for Column Leach Tests | 85 |
Figure 13.9 Column Leach Test Results Showing Cumulative Weight Percent Gold Extracted Over Days of Leach | 87 |
Figure 13.10 Summary of Bottle Roll Test Gold Recovery by Particle Size | 89 |
Figure 13.11 Column leach Gold Recovery Curves for Column Leach Tests Completed | 90 |
Figure 14.1 Isometric View Looking North at Mine Drill Holes | 95 |
Figure 14.2 Plot of RQD vs. Elevation | 97 |
Figure 14.3 Aerial Photometry with Ground Control Points | 98 |
Figure 14.4 Isometric View Looking North Showing Oxide Base (blue) and Granite (orange) Contacts | 99 |
Figure 14.5 Isometric View Looking North of Pearl (red), Civit Cat North (green), Isabella (blue) and Scarlet South (brown) Mineralization Domains | 100 |
Figure 14.6 Dot Plot of Constrained Assay Sample Lengths | 101 |
Figure 14.7 Log-Probability Plots of Au and Ag Composites | 103 |
Figure 14.8 RC vs. DDH Drilling Results | 104 |
Figure 14.9 Twin Hole Au Assay Grade Comparison | 105 |
Figure 14.10 Log-Probability Plots of Composite Capping Thresholds | 106 |
Figure 14.11 Typical Cross-section Looking NW Showing Gold Grades (g/t) and Classification | 109 |
Figure 14.12 Au Swath Plots | 114 |
Figure 15.1 Isabella Pearl Cut-Over Grade | 120 |
Figure 17.1 Simplified Schematic of Isabella Pearl Flowsheet | 125 |
Figure 18.1 General Site Arrangement | 129 |
Figure 21.1 Map of Properties in the Vicinity of the Isabella Pearl Mine | 146 |
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2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
1 | SUMMARY |
1.1 | Introduction and Purpose |
This is a technical report for Walker Lane Minerals Corporation (WLMC), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Gold Resource Corporation (GRC), on its 100%-controlled Isabella Pearl mine, a producing open pit gold heap leach operation in Mineral County, Nevada. The report provides a summary of the detailed assessments of mineral resources and mineral reserves and other relevant considerations of the Isabella Pearl mine.
Mineral Reserves, as defined by Industry Guide 7 promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), are that part of a mineral deposit which could be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of the reserve determination (SEC, 1992). The mineral reserves stated in this report are effective as of December 31, 2019.
On October 31, 2018, the SEC announced that it was adopting amendments to modernize the property disclosure requirements for mining registrants, and related guidance, under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Under the new rules (“New Rules”), a registrant with material mining operations must disclose specified information in Securities Act and Exchange Act filings concerning its mineral resources, in addition to its mineral reserves. The New Rules provide a two-year transition period so that a registrant is not required to comply with the New Rules until its first fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2021. The SEC states that a registrant may voluntarily comply with the New Rules prior to the compliance date, subject to the SEC’s completion of necessary EDGAR reprogramming changes. While WLMC has provided an estimate of mineral resources in this report, WLMC has decided to adopt the New Rules as required in 2021 and will not disclose the estimate of resources contained herein in any SEC filing.
WLMC has received all regulatory permit approvals from the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) and the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for the Isabella Pearl mine. Construction of the Isabella Pearl mine was completed during 2019 and reached commercial production levels in October.
1.2 | Property Description and Ownership |
The Isabella Pearl mine is located in the Gabbs Valley Range, approximately 10-kilometer (6 miles) north of the town of Luning in Mineral County, Nevada. The approximate centroid of the deposit areas is N39.60°, W118.18°. The mine has good connections to the infrastructure of west-central Nevada, with access roads to the mine site linking to Nevada state route 361 and U.S. Route 95, the main highway between Reno and Las Vegas. Elevations on the projectmine site range from a minimum of 1,597 m (5,240 ft) in the valley to a maximum of 1,777 m (5,829 ft) at the uppermost elevation. Typical high desert vegetation, controlled in part by elevation, is present in the area, including Pinion Pine and
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Juniper trees, wild rosebush and several varieties of sagebrush, cacti, and short grasses. The climate is dry, semi-arid, with annual precipitation of approximately 11.4 cm (4.5 in).
The mine area covers approximately 198 hectares (490 acres) and consists of 42 unpatented lode mining claims on land owned by the U.S. government, and administered by the BLM. WLMC controls 100% interest in the Isabella Pearl claims which includes ownership of an undivided fifty percent (50%) interest and leases the remaining fifty percent (50%) interest in the 10 Isabella claims (part of the 36 unpatented lode mining claims) from a group of 6 individuals from Las Vegas, Nevada, known collectively as the “Matkin-Hayes Lease”. These claims are subject to a 3% NSR royalty.
On October 23, 2018, Ely Gold Royalties Inc., through its wholly-owned subsidiary Nevada Select Royalty, Inc., entered into an agreement with a private individual to acquire 100% of all rights and interests in 0.75% (three quarters of one percent) of the 3% NSR royalty on the 10 Isabella claims controlled by the Matkin-Hayes Lease. The remaining 29 unpatented claims comprising the Isabella Pearl mine are subject to a 3% NSR royalty in favor of TXAU Investments Ltd. (TXAU).
On March 6, 2019, WLMC acquired 100% of all rights and interests in the TDG-1, 2 and 3 claims held by Gateway Gold (USA) Corporation (Gateway) subject to a reservation of a 3% NSR royalty and royalty agreement in favor of Gateway. These 3 claims are within the Isabella Pearl mine area.
WLMC also controls an additional 454 claims covering approximately 3,240 hectares (8,000 acres) along a nearly 30 km (19 mi) trend extending northwest of the Isabella Pearl mine.
1.3 | Geology and Mineralization |
The Isabella Pearl mine is located in the central portion of the Walker Lane, a major northwest-trending zone on the western border of Nevada characterized by a series of closely spaced dextral strike-slip faults that were active throughout much of the middle to late Cenozoic. It is a complex zone up to 100 km (63 mi) wide and 700 to 900 km (438 to 563 mi) long that lies on the western boundary of the Basin and Range Province.
Volcanic rocks of middle Tertiary age cover much of the property and include intermediate lava flows and ignimbrite ash flow sheets. The volcanic rocks unconformably overlie Mesozoic strata including Triassic and Jurassic sedimentary units and Cretaceous and Jurassic igneous units. Tectonic activity and erosion have left an irregular, dominantly buried surface of Mesozoic rocks. Within the regional Walker Lane tectonic setting, several major fault zones trend through the property and are dominated by various splays and off set branches. The Soda Springs Valley fault zone is a major host of mineralization in the area and particularly along the Pearl fault strand.
The gold-silver mineralized zones include the Isabella, Pearl, and Civit Cat North oxide deposits and the Pearl and Civit Cat North sulfide deposits, collectively referred to in this report as the Isabella Pearl deposit. Alteration and mineral assemblages at Isabella Pearl, including widespread argillic alteration and generally abundant alunite, indicate the deposits belong to the high-sulfidation class of epithermal
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mineral deposits. K-Ar age determinations indicate the mineralization is about 19 Ma, some 7 to 10 million years younger than the age of the host rocks. This early Miocene age conforms to the age of other high-sulfidation epithermal precious-metal deposits in the Walker Lane (e.g., Goldfield and Paradise Peak).
1.4 | Exploration and Mining History |
The Santa Fe Mining District, in which the Isabella Pearl mine is located, dates back to the late 19th century. No work was done at Isabella Pearl area until late 1970’s, when a small amount of crushed Isabella mineral resources from surface and underground workings was put onto a small pad with the intention of developing a heap-leach operation, but the venture was abandoned. No record of gold production from this heap leach operation is available.
Modern exploration of the general area around the Isabella Pearl mine began in the early 1970’s by various companies. From 1987 through 1990, Combined Metals Reduction Company (CMRC) drilled the Isabella Pearl area during its joint venture with Homestake Mining Company (Homestake). The joint venture drilled at least 175 reverse circulation (RC) and diamond drill (core) holes (DDH) before the joint venture was terminated. TXAU conducted a DDH drilling program in early 2007 that consisted of 19 holes. This drilling was designed primarily to provide material for metallurgical testing and confirm the historic assay and geological data collected by the CMRC-Homestake joint venture. In 2008, TXAU completed 7 DDH in the Pearl deposit in order to address some issues concerning assays and insufficient quality assurance/quality control measures from prior drilling. From 2016 through 2019, WLMC executed RC and DDH drilling programs to collect representative mineralized ore grade samples in the mine area in sufficient quantity to conduct metallurgical testing and expand resources. In addition, WLMC completed a 5-hole RC condemnation drill program to ensure no mineral resources occurred where the mine/plant facilities are located. The Isabella Pearl mine drilling history is summarized in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1 Drilling History at the Isabella Pearl Mine (1987 - 2019)
Company | Period | RC | DDH | Total | |||
No. | Meters | No. | Meters | No. | Meters | ||
Combined Metals-Homestake | 1987-1990 | 182 | 19,598.6 | 6 | 513.9 | 188 | 20,112.5 |
TXAU | 2007-2008 | na | Na | 26 | 2,315.7 | 26 | 2,315.7 |
WLMC* | 2016-2019 | 157 | 12,844.0 | 1 | 249.9 | 158 | 13,093.9 |
WLMC Met Holes | 2016-2017 | na | Na | 3 | 484.9 | 3 | 484.9 |
Water Wells | na | na | na | na | na | 4 | 800.0 |
Totals | 339 | 32,442.6 | 36 | 3,564.5 | 379 | 36,807.1 | |
* Includes 6 Air Track (AT) drill holes |
1.5 | Metallurgical Testing and Process Design Criteria |
The Isabella Pearl mine has been subjected to at least 9 separate programs of metallurgical test work, the most relevant being the CMRC-Homestake joint venture undertaken in 1989 and 1990, and TXAU
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commissioned in 2009. These 2 programs are considered most relevant as the work was performed on drill hole and bulk surface samples and tested for cyanide leachability. Cyanide leachability data from all test programs along with that completed by WLMC during 2017 was considered for the final process design criteria. A summary of metallurgical test work completed on the Isabella Pearl deposit is Table 1.2.
Table 1.2 Summary Metallurgical Test Work Completed on Isabella Pearl Deposit
The CMRC-Homestake joint-venture metallurgical test work focused on establishing preliminary design parameters for several process alternatives including heap leaching, conventional milling, flotation, roasting and carbon-in-pulp (CIP), and autoclave oxidation. The tests were conducted at Dawson Metallurgical Laboratories, lnc. (Dawson), McClelland Laboratories, lnc. (McClelland) and Hazen Research, lnc. (Hazen). Samples were made up from bulk samples from trenches, core composites, and intervals of chips recovered from RC drilling. Thirty-three individual composites were prepared to cover the 3 basic ore categories: Isabella oxides, Pearl oxides and Pearl sulfides.
The TXAU metallurgical program was completed on oxide and sulfide materials from DDH holes and bulk surface samples. The combined results of the bottle roll and column leach tests completed showed:
· | A very good repeatability between samples of any given particle size, |
· | Gold recovery for the finer size (200 Mesh) was between 86% and 95% except for one sample which had 2.7% contained sulfide, |
· | At coarser particle size (>10 mm) gold recovery ranged from 64% to 89%, and |
· | Column leach tests performed on P100 5/8 inch showed high gold recovery. |
In 2017, WLMC conducted a metallurgical test work program on PQ-size DDH samples from drill holes. The metallurgical samples were sent to Kappes, Cassidy & Associates (KCA) with the main purpose of confirming economic gold recovery of the high-grade core zone of the Pearl deposit as demonstrated in the earlier work. Cyanidation test work (bottle roll and column leach) also confirmed the close
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relationship between particle size and gold recovery with the greater the fines fraction the higher the gold recovery. Preliminary agglomeration and a single agglomerated column test coupled with clay identification test work confirmed that agglomeration is not required for IP ore.
Metallurgical studies indicate that total estimated gold recovery timeframes for ore leached on the heap can be expected over a four-month period. Mineral reserves above 0.61 grams per metric tonne (g/t) Au are crushed to P80 of 5/8 inch and material between 0.44 and 0.61 g/t Au is currently stored in a low-grade stockpile for either future crushing or direct placement on the heap as Run-of-Mine (ROM). Total predicted gold recovery for crushed ore is estimated at 81% and ROM material is estimated at 60% (Table 1.3). Cyanide consumption is expected to average 0.75 kg/t (1.50 lb/ton) of leach material and lime consumption is estimated to average 3.0 kg/t (6.0 lb/ton) of leach material.
Table 1.3 Gold Recovery Estimate
1.6 | Mineral Resource Estimate |
A mineral resource is a concentration or occurrence of material of economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality, and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for economic extraction.
The modeling and estimation of mineral resources utilized a portion of the drill hole database compiled by WLMC consisting of:
· | Air Track (AT): 6 drill holes for 82.0 m (269 ft) |
· | RC: 333 drill holes for 32,360.6 m (106,170 ft) |
· | Diamond Drill (Core) Hole (DDH): 36 drill holes for 3,564.5 m (11,695 ft) |
Mineral resource modeling was carried out on capped composites using Inverse Distance Cubed (“ID3”), Ordinary Kriging (“OK”) and Nearest Neighbor (“NN”) estimation methods. A minimum of three and a maximum of twelve composites were used for estimation, within a search ellipsoid oriented parallel with each defined structure and extending 120 m (394 ft) x 120 m (394 ft) x 30 m (98 ft). The major and semi-major axes approximate the average strike and dip directions of the mineralization in each of the three estimation areas. Both gold and silver were modeled and estimated.
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Mineral Resources at Isabella Pearl are further defined by WLMC as mineral resources within a constraining pit shell and above a defined cutoff value. The mineral resources reported herein have been constrained within a Lerchs-Grossman (LG) optimized pit shell and reported at a cutoff grade of 0.44 g/t Au (0.013 opst).
The Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources reported for Isabella Pearl contain 2.25 million tonnes (2.48 million short tons) at an average grade of 3.05 g/t Au (0.089 opst) and 18 g/t Ag (0.529 opst) (Table 1.4). Inferred Mineral Resources are estimated to be 497,100 tonnes (548,000 short tons) at an average gold grade of 1.41 g/t Au (0.041 opst) and 6 g/t Ag (0.181 opst).
Table 1.4 Mineral Resource Inventory for the Isabella Pearl Deposit, Mineral County, Nevada, USA (as of December 31, 20191 2 3 4 5)
Class | Tonnes |
Short Tons |
Au (g/t) |
Au (opst) |
Ag (g/t) |
Ag (opst) |
Au (oz) |
Ag (oz) |
Measured | 893,300 | 984,700 | 5.39 | 0.157 | 34.7 | 1.013 | 154,800 | 998,000 |
Indicated | 1,354,100 | 1,492,600 | 1.50 | 0.044 | 7.2 | 0.210 | 65,300 | 312,700 |
Measured & Indicated | 2,247,400 | 2,477,300 | 3.05 | 0.089 | 18.1 | 0.529 | 220,100 | 1,310,700 |
Inferred | 497,100 | 548,000 | 1.41 | 0.041 | 6.2 | 0.181 | 22,600 | 99,200 |
1) | Reported at a cutoff of 0.44 Au g/t (0.013 Au opst). |
2) | Whole block diluted estimates reported within an optimized pit shell. |
3) | Mineral resources do not have demonstrated economic viability. |
4) | Totals may not sum exactly due to rounding. |
5) | Mineral Resources reported are inclusive of Mineral Reserves. |
1.7 | Mineral Reserve Estimate |
The conversion of mineral resources to mineral reserves required accumulative knowledge achieved through LG pit optimization, detailed pit design, scheduling and associated modifying parameters. Detailed access, haulage, and operational cost criteria were applied in this process for each deposit (Isabella, Pearl and Civit Cat North, collectively known as the Isabella Pearl deposit). The mine was built in metric units and all metal grades are in g/t. The effective date of the mineral reserve estimate is December 31, 2019.
The orientation, proximity to the topographic surface, and geological controls of the Isabella Pearl mineral reserves support mining with open pit mining techniques. To calculate the mineral reserve, pits were designed following an optimized LG pit based on a $1,306/oz Au sales price. This price was chosen to create the primary guide surface based on a price sensitivity and subsequent profitability study that showed that the $1,306 pit maximized profitability while reducing capital requirements. The quantities of material within the designed pits were calculated using a cutoff grade of 0.44 g/t Au which is based on the three-year trailing average $1,306/oz Au sales price. The Isabella Pearl mine open pit Mineral Reserve Statement is presented in Table 1.5.
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The Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves reported for Isabella Pearl contain 2.25 million tonnes (2.48 million short tons) (Table 1.5) at an average gold grade of 3.05 g/t Au (0.089 opst) and 18 g/t Ag (0.529 opst).
Table 1.5 Mineral Reserve Statement for the Isabella Pearl Deposit, Mineral County, Nevada (as of December 31, 20191 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)
Class | Tonnes |
Short Tons |
Au (g/t) |
Au (opst) |
Ag (g/t) |
Ag (opst) |
Au (oz) |
Ag (oz) |
Proven | 893,300 | 984,700 | 5.39 | 0.157 | 35 | 1.013 | 154,800 | 998,000 |
Probable | 1,354,100 | 1,492,600 | 1.50 | 0.044 | 7 | 0.210 | 65,300 | 312,700 |
Proven & Probable | 2,247,400 | 2,477,300 | 3.05 | 0.089 | 18 | 0.529 | 220,100 | 1,310,700 |
1. | Metal prices used for P&P reserves were $1,306 per ounce of gold and $16.32 per ounce of silver. These prices reflect the three-year trailing average prices for gold and silver. |
2. | The quantities of material within the designed pits were calculated using a cutoff grade of 0.44 Au g/t. |
3. | Mining, processing, energy, administrative and smelting/refining costs were based on 2019 actual costs for the Isabella Pearl mine. |
4. | Metallurgical gold recovery assumptions used were 81% for Crushed ore and 60% for ROM ore. These recoveries reflect predicted average recoveries from metallurgical test programs. |
5. | P&P reserves are diluted and factored for expected mining recovery. |
6. | Figures in tables are rounded to reflect estimate precision and small differences generated by rounding are not material to estimates |
7. | 100% of the pit constrained Measured & Indicated mineral resources were converted to reserves. |
1.8 | Mining Methods |
Isabella Pearl is a disseminated gold and silver deposit with mineralization close to the surface at an average head grade of 3.05 g/t Au and 18 g/t Ag. It was determined that mining would be performed with an open pit truck/loader operation. Initial costs were estimated and a detailed feasibility study analysis performed to determine the optimum ultimate mining limit for the operation. Based on the results of the feasibility study, pit designs were prepared and a production schedule developed to target a mining sequence that would provide the highest NPV possible. Considerable adjustments were made to the access and waste mining strategy in order to reduce haulage requirements and operating costs, which significantly improved the overall economics of this deposit.
The mine design consists of one pit accessing the Isabella, Pearl and Civit Cat North deposits, collectively known as the Isabella Pearl deposit. Open pit mining is by conventional diesel-powered equipment, utilizing a combination of blasthole drills, wheel loaders, and 91-tonne (100-short ton) trucks to handle ore and waste. Support equipment including of graders, track dozers, and water trucks also aid in the mining. Higher-grade ore (>0.61 g/t Au) is hauled to the crushing area and crushed before being placed on the leach pad. Low-grade ore between 0.44 and 0.61 g/t Au is hauled directly to the low-grade stockpile. Waste rock is stored in the waste rock facility designed in close proximity to the pit to reduce haulage costs.
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1.9 | Mineral Processing and Recovery Methods |
Metallurgical testwork has validated that Isabella Pearl oxidized ores are amenable to gold and silver recovery by cyanidation. The most economically effective process has been identified as conventional heap leaching of crushed ore, and to a lesser extent ROM, followed by absorption/desorption recovery (ADR) and refining to produce doré bars.
Over the life of the mine, ore will be delivered from the open pit, the majority being trucked to the crusher, and then transported to the heap leach pad via an overland conveyor and stacked onto the heap leach pad by a radial stacker. A minor amount of ROM ore shall be placed directly on the heap leach pad by truck.
1.10 | Mine Infrastructure |
Access to most elements of the Isabella Pearl mine is provided by newly permitted or pre-existing gravel and paved roads. The main haulage road to the waste rock dump site and the ore preparation/heap leach site were designed to accommodate 91-tonne (100-short ton) capacity mine haulage trucks, requiring two-way traffic travel and safety berms.
Electric power for the mine issupplied by three diesel-powered electric generators, one 1500 kW generator is on-line, one 1500 kW generator is on standby, and another 200 kW generator is also on standby. The generators supply power to the ADR and leaching system, the screening and crushing plant, the truck shop, the administrative offices and warehouse and ADR shop building. The 200kW generator is located near production wells to generate power for the well pumps on an as-needed basis.
The water balance required for the mine is approximately 120 gpm. Industrial (non-potable) water is being supplied from three production water wells. Permits for the WLMC production water wells have been issued by the Nevada State Engineer.
General mine infrastructure at the Isabella Pearl mine includes:
· | Main Open Pit Mine and heap leach |
· | Crushing Process, administrative, and othersupport facilities |
· | Power supply and distribution |
· | Water supply |
1.11 | Environmental Studies and Permitting |
The Isabella Pearl mine is located on public lands administered by the U.S. Department of the Interior, BLM. As such, the operation requires all of the identified federal permits, the most important of which are approvals of the Plan of Operations (POO) and its subsequent National Environmental Policy Act
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Evaluation (NEPA) analyses. WLMC submitted the POO and Reclamation Permit applications and the Environmental Assessment (EA). The BLM has reviewed baseline data and deemed the POO “complete” and authorized processing of the EA of the operations. The NEPA analysis was completed and a Record of Decision (ROD) issued on May 15, 2018.
WLMC has acquired the following Federal Permits and Registrations:
· | EPA Hazardous Waste #NVR000092916 (BWM) |
· | Explosive Permit #9-NV-009-20-8K-00321 (Ledcor CMI Inc. contract mining) |
· | POO and Reclamation Plan #NVN86663 (BLM) |
The mine also required permits from various State of Nevada agencies including: Bureau of Air Pollution Control (BAPC), Bureau of Mining Regulation and Reclamation (BMRR), BWM, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR), NDEP and Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW).
The State of Nevada requires operational mining permits regardless of land status of the mine (i.e., private or public). The following are the state permits that are required for the Isabella Pearl mine:
· | Reclamation Permit #0387 (NDEP/BMRR) |
· | Hazardous Waste Generator #NVR000092916 (NDEP/BWM) |
· | Water Pollution Control Permit #NEV2009102 (NDEP/BMRR) |
· | Emergency Release, Response, and Contingency Plan (NDEP/BMRR) |
· | Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures Plan (NDEP/BMRR) |
· | National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit #NVG201000 (NDEP/BWPC) |
· | General Stormwater Permit #NVR300000 MSW-43292 (NDEP/BWPC) |
· | Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (NDEP/BWPC) |
· | Water Rights – #83484, 82498, 79096 and 83485 (changed to 89001T) (DCNR/NDWR); Permits to change the point of diversion and place of use of the water rights have been approved, for groundwater production wells |
· | Air Quality Class II Operating Permit #AP-1041-3853 (NDEP/BAPC) |
· | Air Quality Mercury Permit to Construct #AP-1041-3895 (NDEP/BAPC) |
· | Air Quality Class I Operating Permit to Construct #AP-1041-3897 (NDEP/BAPC) |
· | Industrial Artificial Pond Permit #467428 (NDOW) |
WLMC has obtained a Special Use Permit and Building Permits issued by Mineral County to construct buildings lat the Isabella Pearl mine including:
· | Mineral County Business License #17288 (Mineral County Sheriff’s Office) |
· | Special Use Permit #165957 (Mineral County Planning Commission) |
· | Septic Permit #7905 and 7906 (Mineral County Building Department) |
· | ADR Building Permit #5891 (Mineral County Fire Marshall) |
· | Office Building Permit #7888 (Mineral County Fire Marshall) |
· | Water Tank Building Permit #7921 (Mineral County Fire Marshall) |
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By virtue of the mine’s location and current land ownership, the mine operations were subject to reclamation financial surety requirements set by the BLM and State of Nevada. The cost associated with final reclamation and closure of the Isabella Pearl mine is currently set at $9.2 million.
1.12 | Conclusions and Recommendations |
Isabella Pearl is a producing gold mine with a favorable economic projection based on current operating costs and detailed life-of-mine mining and processing plan. The Isabella Pearl deposit has the grade and continuity required for on-going production.
The Isabella Pearl deposit geology is generally understood, and structural geology and alteration are the primary controls on mineralization. The core of the deposit is also relatively well-defined but recent infill and step-out drilling has materially changed the current mineral resource model, increasing the confidence level of the mineral resource estimate and allowing conversion of a significant portion of this material to mineral reserve. Drilling to the northwest of the deposit also has the potential to extend the mineral resources. In addition, reconnaissance geological mapping and rock chip sampling has delineated new, surface high-grade gold target areas further along strike to the northwest of the Isabella Pearl deposit.
Certain factors pose potential risks and opportunities, of greater or lesser degree, to the estimate as the mineral resources are based on currently available data. The highest risks associated with key estimation parameters were identified as:
· | Core Recovery: Rock Quality Designation (RQD) results show a wide range of recoveries, which may bias assay grades. |
· | Bulk Density: Significant voids may reduce recoverable tonnage (Specific gravity is not well constrained). |
All refractory sulfide material has been treated as waste for the Isabella Pearl estimate of mineral resources. In addition, the bottom of the optimized pit shell is designed to stay above the water table. The physical location of mineral resources is being confirmed at the mining scale using blast-hole drilling results and grade control modeling.
The conversion of mineral resources to mineral reserves required accumulative knowledge achieved through LG pit optimization, detailed pit design, scheduling and associated modifying parameters. The quantities of material within the designed pits were calculated using a cutoff grade of 0.44 g/t Au which is based on the three-year trailing average $1,306/oz Au sales price used for this mineral reserve estimate. The Proven and Probable mineral reserves as of December 31, 2019 reported for the Isabella Pearl mine, using diluted grades, is 2.25 million tonnes (2.48 million short tons) of material at an average gold grade of 3.05 g/t Au (0.089 opst) and 18 g/t Ag (0.530 opst) containing 220,100 ounces of gold and 1,310,700 ounces of silver. The mineral reserve estimate presented herein is based on technical data and information available as of December 31, 2019.
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Isabella Pearl is a disseminated gold and silver deposit with mineralization close to the surface. The mine design consists of one pit accessing the Isabella Pearl deposit. Open pit mining is by conventional diesel-powered equipment, utilizing a combination of blasthole drills, wheel loaders, and 91-tonne (100-short ton) trucks to handle ore and waste.
The Isabella Pearl oxide ore is amenable to heap leach cyanidation with a high relative recovery and fast leaching kinetics. Cyanidation test work (bottle roll and column leach), performed on representative mineral resources, confirms the close relationship between particle size and gold recovery. The greater the fines fraction the higher the gold recovery. Based on the metallurgical test work completed, total gold recovery is expected over a four-month period. Mineral resources above 0.61 g/t Au are being crushed to a P80 of 5/8 inch and placed directly on the heap. Mineral resources between 0.44 and 0.61 g/t Au are being stockpiled for either future crushing or placement on the heap as ROM. The total predicted gold recovery for crushed is 81% and 60% for ROM material. The gold recovery projection for crushed ore is based primarily on column leach test work and partly on benchmarking other heap leach operations.
The Isabella Pearl mine is economically viable at the 3-year trailing average gold price of $1,306 per ounce gold as well as at the current higher gold prices and has significant economic potential given the possibility for gold price increases in the future. Additionally, there is opportunity to expand the mineral reserve through additional drilling. Cost improvements and further optimizations are also possible.
The Isabella Pearl mine’s economic viability is generally at risk from changes in external factors which would lead to increased input costs (construction costs, operating costs), or a fall in the price of gold which would reduce revenue. A decrease in gold price would not only reduce revenue but would also reduce the amount of economically mineable ore as a decrease in metal prices could result in a higher cut-off grade. Under the current gold price environment, the mineral reserves are considered robust.
Environmental and future permitting risks include items being discovered on the mine site such as sensitive or endangered botany, or cultural artifacts, which would have the effect of extending schedules, increasing permitting costs, and potentially making permitting difficult at the Isabella Pearl mine. No environmental and permitting risks have currently been identified.
Internal risks, specific to the Isabella Pearl mine, include:
· | Current drill spacing is considered adequate but there is a low risk of a decrease in mineral resources due to additional drilling and subsequent re-modeling and re-estimations. |
· | Poor operational execution, with resultant cost and schedule over-runs, scope creep, and increased operating costs. This is mitigated by management overseeing production. |
· | Predicted gold recovery from the Isabella Pearl ore is based on the results of column-leach tests and actual results could be lower than expected. This risk is deemed to be low, given the numerous metallurgical tests that have been conducted on the Isabella Pearl mineral resources during the past 30 years. |
· | Geotechnical studies were preliminary at Isabella Pearl and additional drilling is recommended to raise the level of certainty for final pit slope angles. There is a risk that additional |
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geotechnical studies might result in flatter pit slopes than used in this study, which would have an adverse impact on costs and mineral reserves. | ||
· | Finding and keeping the skilled employees required to operate the Isabella Pearl mine has proven to be challenging, given its rural location. Inadequate staffing can increase operating costs by reducing operating efficiencies and increasing repair and maintenance costs. Recruiting costs might be higher than predicted. |
The qualified persons preparing this report for WLMC recommend continued open pit mining and processing the ore by screening, stacking, heap leaching and ADR to produce gold doré for sale.
Additional studies that may improve value include RC drilling to convert mineral resources to additional mineral reserves, including near-surface Isabella oxide mineralization, ddh (core) drilling for metallurgical studies of mixed oxide/sulfide mineralization, and additional geotechnical studies to optimize pit slopes. The recommendations for proposed mineral reserve, metallurgical and geotechnical drilling are shown in Table 1.6. The estimated cost for this optional work totals $1,987,000. The cost of this recommended work has not been included in the Isabella Pearl cash-flow model.
Table 1.6 Summary of Costs for Optional Recommended Work
Description | Cost |
RC Drilling for Mineral Reserves | $1,237,000 |
DDH Drilling & Metallurgical Study | $380,000 |
DDH Drilling & Geotechnical Study | $370,000 |
Total | $1,987,000 |
Additional optimization could include an ore control methodology implementation that further minimizes sulfide material being placed on the leach pad. This sulfide material, mainly located at or near the bottom of the pit, is refractory and will need to be treated as waste.
And finally, , the following test work should be considered:
· | Develop a geometallurgical model to further characterize mineral resources, |
· | Blasting fragmentation study, |
· | Additional metallurgical test work including: |
o | Large column test work and additional ROM testing; and |
o | Refine the relationship between gold recovery and particle size with additional crush size and column leach test work. |
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2 | INTRODUCTION |
2.1 | Terms of Reference and Purpose of Report |
This report was prepared as a technical report for WLMC, an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of GRC on the Isabella Pearl mine, an open pit gold heap leach operation located in Mineral County, Nevada.
The quality of information, conclusions, and estimates contained herein is consistent with the level of effort by the qualified persons, based on: 1) information available at the time of preparation, 2) data supplied by outside sources, and 3) the assumptions, conditions, and qualifications set forth in this report. The responsibility for this disclosure remains with WLMC.
This report provides mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates, and a classification of mineral reserves prepared in accordance with the SEC Industry Guide 7 ‘’Description of Property by Issuers Engaged or to be Engaged in Significant Mining Operations’’.
2.2 | Qualifications of Qualified Persons |
The qualified persons preparing this report are specialists in the fields of geology, exploration, mineral resource and mineral reserve estimation and classification, underground and surface mining, geotechnical, environmental, permitting, metallurgical testing, mineral processing, processing design, capital and operating cost estimation, and mineral economics.
The following individuals, by virtue of their education, experience and professional association, are considered Qualified Persons (QP) for this report and are members in good standing of appropriate professional institutions. The QPs are employees of either GRC or GRC Nevada Inc. (GRCN). Both GRCN and WLMC are wholly-owned subsidiaries of GRC, and therefore, the QPs are not independent of WLMC. QP certificates of authors are provided in Appendix A.
Mr. Brown graduated with a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree in Geology from New Mexico State University in 1987, obtained a Graduate Diploma in Engineering (Mining) in 1997 from the University of the Witwatersrand and a Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Engineering (Civil) from the University of the Witwatersrand in 2005. He is registered with the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia as a Professional Geoscientist and the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration as a Registered Member. Mr. Brown has also worked as an Underground Mine Geologist, Mineral Resource Manager, Resident Geologist and Chief Geologist at several mines in South Africa operated by Anglo American, Anglogold and De Beers. Since 2004, before joining GRC in 2017, Mr. Brown was a Consulting Geologist specializing in mineral resource and mineral reserve estimations and reporting.
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Mr. Garcia holds a Bachelor´s degree in Industrial Engineering from Universidad de Lima (2002) and a Master´s degree in Mining Engineering and Mineral Economics from McGill University (2006). He is a Professional Engineer registered with the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia. Mr. Garcia has over 15 years of practical experience in mining engineering and capital budgeting. He is the current Corporate Chief Engineer for Gold Resource Corp and is responsible for evaluating, improving and supporting engineering processes, systems and standards at all GRC´s operations and projects. Mr. Garcia has a robust operational background in diverse mining methods and commodities. He has held various roles in operations and all aspects of mining engineering at RPM Global (Canada), Teck’s Coal (Canada) and Copper (Chile) divisions, Hochschild Mining (Peru) and Newmont Mining Corporation (Peru).
Mr. Devlin holds a B.Sc. degree with honors in Geology, 1981, and a M.Sc., 1987, from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver Canada. He is also a Professional Geologist registered with the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia and is a Member of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration and the American Exploration and Mining Association. Mr. Devlin has worked more than 35 years in both exploration and mine production which includes working for several USA-companies, including US Borax and Chemical Corp., Hecla Mining Company and Gold Resource Corp.
Ms. Lester holds a B.Sc. in Geology and a M.Sc. in Geology from the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota. Ms. Lester’s industry experiences span more than 20 years and are rooted by traditional field techniques, best practices, and supplemented by modern technologies/research and includes extensive geologic mapping, hydrologic investigations, drill program design, interpretation and management, 3-D modeling, and scoping, prefeasibility, and resource and reserve reporting. Ms. Lester’s background in mining and exploration includes positions ranging from Independent Consultant, Exploration Geologist, Project Manager, and Chief Geologist for companies including Hecla Mining Company, Patagonia Gold S.A., and Gold Reserve Inc. For the past 6 years she has served as Chief Geologist for Gold Resource Corporation while overseeing exploration activities at their Oaxaca Mexico operations and exploration activities at their Nevada Mining Unit.
Technical data and information used in the preparation of this report also included some documents prepared by third party contractors. The authors sourced information from referenced documents as cited in the text and listed in References section of this report.
2.3 | Details of Inspection |
The Qualified Persons and other contributing authors referenced above and in Appendix A have visited the Isabella Pearl mine site on numerous occasions since 2016.
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2.4 | Sources of Information |
WLMC has relied on information and technical documents listed in the References section of this report which are assumed to be accurate and complete in all material aspects. While WLMC has carefully reviewed the available information provided, WLMC cannot guarantee its accuracy and completeness.
The reader is referred to earlier reports on mineral resources and reserves and the feasibility study for a more detailed description of the sources of information relied upon by the qualified persons of WLMC (Brown et al., 2018).
2.5 | Effective Date |
The effective date of this report is December 31, 2019.
2.6 | Units of Measure |
The metric system for weights and units has been used in this report with tons reported in metric tons (“tonnes”) consisting of 1,000 kilograms per tonne. Gold and silver ounces are reported in troy ounces converted using 31.1035 grams per troy ounce. All currency is in U.S. dollars (US$) unless otherwise stated.
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3 | RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS |
The opinions contained herein are based in part on information provided by consultants throughout the course of the investigations in support of this mineral resource and reserve report. The qualified persons used their experience to determine if the information from previous reports was suitable for inclusion in this report and adjusted information that required amending. This report includes technical information, which required subsequent calculations to derive subtotals, totals and weighted averages. Such calculations inherently involve a degree of rounding and consequently introduce a margin of error. Where these occur, the qualified persons do not consider them to be material.
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4 | property description and location |
This section addresses the mine land holdings, corporate agreements, existing environmental liabilities and the permitting process.
4.1 | Property Location |
The Isabella Pearl mine is located in the Gabbs Valley Range, approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of the town of Luning in Mineral County, Nevada. A mine location map is shown in Figure 4.1. The mine is located within all or portions of the following Townships, Ranges, and Sections relative to the Mount Diablo Baseline and Meridian:
· | Township 8 North, Range 34 East, Section 03; and |
· | Township 9 North, Range 34 East, Sections 26, 27, 34 and 35. |
The approximate center of the deposit areas is N39.60°, W118.18°. The mine has good connections to the infrastructure of west-central Nevada, with access roads to the mine site linking to Nevada state route 361 and US Route 95, the main highway between Reno and Las Vegas.
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Figure 4.1 General Location Map of the Isabella Pearl Mine
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4.2 | Mineral Titles |
The mine area covers approximately 198 hectares (490 acres) and consists of 42 unpatented lode mining claims on land owned by the U.S. government, and administered by the BLM. Mineral claims in the mine area are shown in Figure 4.2. To verify property boundaries and claim status, claim reviews and map preparation were done by Manuel Montoya Drafting and Plotting Services of Parker, Colorado and G.I.S. Land Services of Reno, Nevada in July 2016 and February 2017, respectively. Reports on mineral tenure and status was prepared by Erwin and Thompson LLP, in 2016 (Erwin, 2016), Pat Winmill, Esq., of the law firm Parsons Behle and Latimer, PLC, in Salt Lake City, in 2008 (Winmill, 2008) and Carr (2007). A list of claims within the mine boundary controlled by WLMC, its entities, or partners, is shown in Appendix B and is current as of September 2019.
There are no Tribal, State of Nevada or U.S. Forest Service lands within the mine area.
Figure 4.2 Isabella Pearl Mineral Claims Map
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4.3 | Royalties, Agreements and Encumbrances |
WLMC owns an undivided fifty percent (50%) interest and leases the remaining fifty percent (50%) interest in ten (10) claims from Natasha Matkin-Hayes et al. of Las Vegas, Nevada. This affects the following claims:
· | Isabella Claims 1, 2, 3, 12, 13, 14 and 15, and |
· | Isabella Fractions 16, 17, 19. |
The Matkin-Hayes lease, dated April 1, 1992, was recorded by memorandum dated June 15, 1992, in Book 146 OR, page 978 (Mineral County, Nevada), and executed by Sarah D. Narkus, Natasha Matkin-Hayes, William Longhurst, John Longhurst, Caroline Merrick, Marguerite Cole, and Combined Metals Reduction Company (CRMC). TXAU Investments Ltd. (TXAU), succeeded to CMRC’s interest in the lease pursuant to a Trustee’s Deed, dated August 13, 1999, recorded May 14, 2004, Doc # 131124, executed by First American Title Insurance Company in Favor of TXAU. WLMC purchased a 50% undivided interest in lessor’s interest in the lease including a 50% interest in a 6% gross receipts production royalty, and a 50% ownership of the subject property. WLMC received an assignment of the lessee’s interest in the lease. The assignment of the lessee’s interest in the lease transferred the benefit of advance royalty payments that had been paid lessors through August 2016, in the amount of $459,800.00.
On October 23, 2018, Ely Gold Royalties Inc., through its wholly-owned subsidiary Nevada Select Royalty, Inc., entered into a binding letter agreement with a private individual to acquire 100% of all rights and interests in 0.75% (three quarters of one percent) of the 3% NSR royalty on the 10 Isabella claims controlled by the Matkin-Hayes Lease.
WLMC owns 100% interest in the remaining 26 of the 36 claims comprising the Isabella Pearl mine subject to a reservation of a 3% net smelter return (NSR) royalty and royalty agreement in favor of TXAU. This affects the following claims:
· | Vulture Dog 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 22, |
· | Soda 8, 32, 36, 37, 38, 49, 50, 51 and 52, and |
· | Sodar 21, 33, 34, 35, 46, 47 and 48. |
On March 6, 2019, WLMC acquired 100% of all rights and interests in the TDG-1, 2 and 3 claims held by Gateway Gold (USA) Corporation (Gateway) subject to a reservation of a 3% NSR royalty and royalty agreement in favor of Gateway. These 3 claims are within the Isabella Pearl mine area.
The Isabella Pearl mine is subject to the Nevada Net Proceeds of Minerals tax, Nevada property and sales taxes, and U.S. income taxes. The Net Proceeds of Minerals tax is an “ad valorem property tax assessed on minerals when they are sold or removed from Nevada. The tax is levied on 100% of the value of the net proceeds (gross proceeds minus allowable deductions for tax purposes).” Calculation of this tax is made at 2-5%, depending on the percentage ratio of net proceeds to gross yield. Federal
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income tax is applied at 21%, allowing for depletion, depreciation, and amortization and other benefits as calculated under the federal rules for alternative minimum tax.
4.4 | Environmental Liabilities and Permitting |
4.4.1 | Environmental Liabilities |
Site investigations by Great Basin Ecology, Inc. (GBE), Elko, Nevada, in June 2009 and 2017 (Back, 2009; GBE, 2017) did not indicate any environmental liabilities or the presence of endangered plants or species.
Previous mining at the Isabella Pearl site was conducted in 1978 by a local resident, Mr. Joe Morris. A small heap leach facility was constructed with approximately 1,361 tonnes (1,500 short tons) of crushed material. All existing leach material and contaminated subgrade soil from the Joe Morris Heap Leach Pad has been placed on the WLMC heap leach pad as part of the 45.7 cm (18 in) of liner cover.
WLMC has conducted mineral exploration activities at the Isabella Pearl site and is currently liable for reclamation of the associated disturbances. Liabilities associated with the exploration activities have been incorporated into the Plan of Operations and approved by both the BLM and the State of Nevada.
4.4.2 | Required Permits and Status |
The Isabella Pearl mine is located approximately 8.4 km (5.2 mi) northwest of the town of Luning, at the west foot of the Gabbs Valley Range located in Mineral County, Nevada. The location and current land ownership position (i.e., public land ownership) mean that the mine is being held to permitting requirements that are determined to be necessary by Mineral County, the State of Nevada, and the U.S. Department of the Interior BLM, Stillwater District Office, Stillwater Field Office.
A comprehensive list of the required federal, state and local permits, licenses, and authorizations for the Isabella Pearl mine are presented in Section 20 of this report. To date, all of the primary permits for operation have been acquired. This includes the BLM 43 CFR § 3809 POO and State of Nevada, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR), NDEP, BMRR NAC 519A Reclamation Permit application. The BLM has deemed the POO complete and authorized the NEPA Environmental Assessment (EA) of the operations. The NEPA analysis was completed and WLMC received a Record of Decision (ROD) on May 15, 2018.
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4.5 |
Other Significant Factors and Risks |
Potential factors and risks that may affect access, title, or the right or ability to perform work on the property could include:
· | Unidentified cultural resources |
Considerable effort has been expended on conducting surface inventories within the Isabella Pearl mine boundary. For the most part, these surveys have focused on surface features and artifacts. Given the number of cultural and archeological resources in the region, it is possible for subsurface discoveries to be made during construction of the mine facilities. Such a discovery would require mitigation that could impact the mine.
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5 | ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY |
5.1 | Topography, Elevation and Vegetation |
The mine is within the Basin and Range province, a major physiographic region of the western United States. The region is typified by north-northeast trending mountain ranges separated by broad, flat alluvium filled valleys. Locally, the mountain ranges trend northwesterly, making this area rather anomalous in relation to typical Nevada physiography. Elevations on the mine site range from a minimum of 1,597 m (5,240 ft) in the valley to a maximum of 1,777 m (5,829 ft) at the uppermost elevation.
Typical high desert vegetation, controlled in part by elevation, is present in the area, including Pinion Pine and Juniper trees, wild rosebush and several varieties of sagebrush, cacti, and short grasses.
5.2 | Accessibility and Transportation to the Property |
The mine site is located in Mineral County and is accessible from Hawthorne, Nevada via well maintained paved roads and maintained dirt roads. From Hawthorne, travel east on U.S. Highway 95 a distance of 40 km (25 mi) to Nevada State Route 361 which is just west of the town of Luning. Turn north on State Route 361 and travel approximately 8.4 km (5.2 mi) to the county-maintained Rabbit Springs road that turns off to the west. The mine site lies about 1.6 km (1 mi) to the north along a dirt road that turns off approximately 1.6 km (1 mi) west of State Route 361. Drill roads provide access within the mine site and are passable by high clearance two-wheel drive vehicles. The mine area, encompassing about 198 hectares (490 acres) (see Figure 5.1), is located at the west foot of the Gabbs Valley Range in all or parts of Sections 27, 34 and 35 of Township 9 North, Range 34 East and Section 3 of Township 8 North, Range 34 East, Mount Diablo Baseline & Meridian (MDB&M).
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Figure 5.1 Isabella Pearl Mine Access
5.3 | Climate |
The climate is dry, semi-arid, with annual precipitation of approximately 11.4 cm (4.5 in), as documented at the nearby Mina Meteorological Station. Average temperatures range from -3° to 10° C (26° to 50° F) in the winter to highs exceeding 32° C (90° F) in the summer. Historically, the record low temperature, recorded in January 2003, is -19° C (-3° F), and the record high temperature, recorded in July 2002, is 42° C (108° F). The general area is drained by numerous stream channels originating in the mountains. These are typically dry but carry some runoff onto alluvial fans and into playas during summer thunderstorms.
5.4 | Sufficiency of Surface Rights |
All mineral resources and mineral reserves in this report is located on unpatented claims controlled by WLMC. As described elsewhere in this report, WLMC has secured and maintained the necessary permits for exploration and development of the Isabella Pearl mine.
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5.5 | Infrastructure Availability and Sources |
5.5.1 | Power |
Power is supplied by three diesel-powered electric generators. One 1500 kW generator is on-line, one 1500 kW generator is on standby and another 200 kW generator is on standby for the production wells to generate power for the well pumps if the need arises. The total connected force in the plant, including the crushers, is approximately 1,567 hp. WLMC has installed 4,160 volt direct burial power lines from the generator yard throughout the site and to the production wells, IPPW-1, IPPW-2 and IPPW-3. Fuel for the generators is stored in two above-ground tanks on graded areas with HDPE-lined floors and berms for secondary containment to provide emergency capture of 110-percent of the largest fuel tank/vessel volume.
5.5.2 | Water |
Industrial water is supplied from three production water wells. Production Well #2 (IPPW-2) was completed in September 2013 to a depth of 128 m (420 ft) and is upgradient from both the heap leach and open pit. Production Well #1 was installed in October 2016 to a depth of 396 m (1,300 ft) and is located south of the processing facility. Production Well #3 was installed in August 2019 to approximately the same depth as Well #1and is also located south of the processing facility. Permits for the production water wells and a maximum of 484 acre-feet of water annually (300 gpm 24/7) have been issued by the Nevada State Engineer.
5.5.3 | Mining Personnel |
There is considerable expertise in mining operations and management available from population centers within about 240 km (150 mi) of the mine. Nevada is an active mining state, with emphasis on open-pit gold operations. Mining personnel have been drawn from the cities of Reno/Sparks, Carson, Fernley and Fallon, the towns of Hawthorne and Yerington, as well as from other smaller communities in west-central Nevada. WLMC manpower currently totals 49 full-time and 4 temporary employees.
5.5.4 | Tailings Storage Area |
The current mine plan does not include any tailings. Spent ore from the heap leach pad is contained on the synthetic liner upon which it was constructed and closed in place.
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5.5.5 | Waste Disposal Area |
WLMC identified the primary waste-rock disposal area in the development of the mine plan. This waste disposal area was designed as valley fill.
5.5.6 | Heap Leach Pad Area |
The heap leach pad site a has sufficient capacity for the planned operation and potential expansion. It is also proximal to a water source and the mining areas to optimize operational efficiency.
5.5.7 | Processing Plant Site |
The location of the processing plant was considered when selecting a location for the heap leach pad. The plant site is adjacent to and down-gradient of the heap leach pad.
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6 | HISTORY |
The Isabella Pearl mine is in the Santa Fe Mining District which lies within the Walker Lane Mineral Belt. Although the district dates back to the late 19th century, no work on the Isabella Pearl mine area was done until the 1930’s when the Gilbert brothers completed a 120m (400ft) drift at Isabella. The brothers encountered up to one ounce of gold per ton in spots, but no economic material was produced. The Gilbert brothers then worked the Civit Cat mine, located about 1.6km (1mile) to the west (different than the Civit Cat North portion of the Isabella Pearl mineral resources and reserves discussed herein), and were rumored to have produced $80,000 worth of gold.
6.1 | Prior Ownership and Ownership Changes |
The Isabella mine was held by B. Narkaus until 1978 and was subsequently leased by Joe Morris the same year. Mr. Morris and three partners re-located some of the Isabella claims and subsequently leased them to the Combined Metals Reduction Company (Combined Metals). In 1987, Combined Metals entered into a joint-venture with Homestake Mining Company (Homestake) to explore and develop the Isabella claims and surrounding areas. The Combined Metals-Homestake joint venture was terminated in 1990. Combined Metals continued to maintain the claims but encumbered the property by borrowing over two million dollars from Repadre International Corporation (Repadre). Repadre initiated foreclosure action in 2002, and Combined Metals immediately filed for bankruptcy to forestall the foreclosure. In March 2004, the note held by Repadre was purchased by TXAU Investments Ltd. and TXAU Development Ltd., both Texas corporations (TXAU). The Combined Metals bankruptcy action was dismissed in May 2004, the note was foreclosed on, and the Isabella Pearl mine mining claims (including the 36 claims covering the Isabella, Pearl and Civit Cat deposits) were transferred to TXAU.
On August 12, 2016, Walker Lane Mineral Corp.’s (WLMC) parent company GRC acquired all of the outstanding stock of WLMC, a private entity held by TXAU, which controlled the Isabella Pearl mine, in exchange for 2,000,000 shares of GRC’s common stock valued at $13.1 million and cash of $152,885. At the time of acquisition by WLMC, the Isabella Pearl mine, a potential open pit heap leach mine, contained a third party Proven and Probable Mineral Reserve of 191,400 gold ounces at an average grade of 2.18 g/t Au and was in advanced stages of engineering and production permitting.
6.2 | Exploration and Development Results of Previous Owners |
In the early 1970's, Ventures West Minerals Ltd. and Brican Resources formed a joint venture for exploration of the general area around the Isabella Pearl mine. Later in the decade, the joint venture with Westley Explorations, Inc., successor to Ventures West, discovered low-grade gold mineralization in the Santa Fe Mine area, just south of and across the highway from the Isabella Pearl mine. In 1983, the Santa Fe property was joint ventured with Lacana Gold Inc., and later 100% interest was acquired by Lacana’s successor, Corona Gold Inc. The Calvada deposit, just to the east was explored by a CoCa
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Mines Inc. - Amax Gold Inc. joint venture prior to purchase by Corona Gold. The Santa Fe and Calvada mines, along with two other satellite deposits, were subsequently developed by Corona Gold as the Santa Fe open pit mine and heap leach operation. In 1992, Corona Gold was acquired by Homestake which completed mining at Santa Fe in December 1994. In late 2008, the Santa Fe property was acquired and further explored by Victoria Gold Corp., the current owners of the property.
In 1980, Fischer-Watt Mining Company acquired claims, northwestward from the Santa Fe mine property, for the purpose of exploring for bonanza gold-silver vein systems. They completed a stream sediment geochemical survey and a rock geochemical survey in portions of the property, fluid inclusion temperature determinations, some alteration mapping, and additional claim staking. Fischer-Watt subsequently joint-ventured the property with Ventures West Minerals, and additional work included geologic mapping at a scale of 1 inch = 500 feet, additional rock chip geochemistry, limited induced polarization and resistivity geophysical surveys, and nine rotary and DDH holes in the Copper Cliffs West exploration area. Although the drill holes did not encounter economic mineralization, Fischer-Watt concluded: “…the HY system clearly warrants further evaluation”. Combined Metals subsequently entered into a joint venture agreement with Fischer-Watt in 1982. That joint venture was dissolved during 1983 with Combined Metals acquiring Fischer-Watt’s interest in the claims. These claims, along with the acquisition of additional claims and leases, including the Isabella claim group assembled by Norsemont Mining Corporation in 1984, ultimately totaled more than 1,000 claims along the northwesterly trend.
Combined Metals drilled the Isabella deposit plus a limited number of exploration holes in a few of the other exploration areas during its joint venture with Homestake from 1988 through 1990. The joint venture drilled at least 175 RC and DDH holes before the joint venture was terminated. A historic mineral resource of approximately 360,751 ounces of gold and 3,202,991 ounces of silver was estimated at that time.
TXAU conducted a DDH drilling program in early 2007 that consisted of 19 holes for a total of 1,187 m (3,894 ft) of HQ-sized core. This drilling was designed primarily to provide material for metallurgical testing and confirm the historic assay and geological data collected by the Combined Metals- Homestake joint venture at Isabella and Pearl. In 2008, TXAU completed an additional 7 DDH holes for a total of 1,129 m (3,704 ft) in the Pearl deposit in order to address some issues concerning assays and insufficient quality assurance/quality control measures from prior drilling.
6.3 | Historical Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates |
Historical resource and reserve estimates were described in reports prepared by Mine Development Associates (MDA; Prenn & Gustin, 2008, 2011 & 2013). These resource and reserve estimates have been reviewed by WLMC and are considered reliable but not relevant to the updated mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates presented in this report.
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For reported mineral reserves, MDA optimized an open pit for the project using the estimated economic parameters shown in Table 6.1. The base case final pit was based on a $1,100/oz gold price. The mineral reserve estimate reported by MDA in 2013 is presented in Table 6.2.
Table 6.1 MDA’s Isabella Pearl Pit Optimization Parameters
Table 6.2 Results of MDA’s November 2013 Mineral Reserve Estimate for the Isabella Pearl Project
6.4 | Historical Production |
In the late 1970’s, Joe Morris placed a small amount of crushed material onto a small pad with the intention of developing a heap-leach operation, but the venture was abandoned (Diner, 1983). No record of gold production from this heap leach operation is available.
6.5 | Isabella Pearl Mine Production |
Since production commenced at the Isabella Pearl mine in 2019, a total of 1,464,682 tonnes of open pit ore has been mined to produce 10,883 ounces of gold and 9,752 ounces of silver (Table 6.3).
In May of 2019, WLMC began selling gold and silver doré from the Isabella Pearl mine. During the year ended December 31, 2019, WLMC sold 10,272 and 8,332 ounces of gold and silver, respectively.
Table 6.3 Isabella Pearl Mine Production 2019
Year | Ore Mined | Gold Produced | Silver Produced |
Tonnes | Oz | Oz | |
2019 | 1,464,682 | 10,883 | 9,752 |
Totals | 1,464,682 | 10,883 | 9,752 |
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7 | GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND MINERALIZATION |
The following description of geology and mineralization was mainly based on work by Ekrin and Byers (1985) with modifications and minor editing excerpts from Golden (2000), Hamm (2010) and Prenn & Gustin, 2008, 2011 & 2013). Select content was deleted from excerpted text in order to condense the information for the purpose of this report. Standardizations have been made to conform to the style and nomenclature of this document.
7.1 | Regional Geology |
The Isabella Pearl mine is located in the central portion of the Walker Lane, a major northwest- trending zone on the western border of Nevada characterized by a series of closely spaced dextral strike-slip faults that were active throughout much of the middle to late Cenozoic. It is a complex zone up to 100km (63mi) wide and 700 to 900km (438 to 563mi) long that lies on the western boundary of the Basin and Range Province.
Volcanic rocks of middle Tertiary age cover much of the property and include intermediate lava flows and ignimbrite ash flow sheets. The volcanic rocks unconformably overlie Mesozoic strata including Triassic and Jurassic sedimentary units and Cretaceous and Jurassic igneous units. Tectonic activity and erosion have left an irregular, dominantly buried surface of Mesozoic rocks. Within the regional Walker Lane tectonic setting, several major fault zones trend through the property and are dominated by various splays and off set branches. The Soda Springs Valley fault zone is a major host of mineralization in the area and particularly along the Pearl fault strand. The combined right-lateral, post-mineral displacement along the regional faults is in excess of 10km (6mi).
A regional geologic map is presented in Figure 7.1 showing the location of the Isabella Pearl mine. A regional cross section also demonstrates the rotation of blocks like the Isabella Pearl setting.
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Figure 7.1 Isabella Pearl Mine Regional Geologic Map
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7.2 | Local and Property Geology |
The Isabella Pearl deposit is situated in the central portion of the Walker Lane geologic belt, which is a major structural zone, 90-300 km (60 to 190 miles) wide, that separates the Sierra Nevada and the Great Basin structural provinces and which extends from the Las Vegas region northwestward, beyond Reno, for a total length of 800km (500 miles). The Walker Lane zone is documented to be at least as old as 28 Ma (million years), with initial extension in a north to north-northeast direction and characterized by west-northwest to northwest-trending strike-slip faults that are primary controls for mineralization. These Tertiary-age faults are thought to be reactivated older structures present in the basement rocks.
The known pre-Tertiary basement rocks in the area include the Triassic Luning Formation, which is composed of medium to thick-bedded limestones with some dolomite and siliciclastic rocks. This formation was intruded by stocks and dikes of Jurassic or Cretaceous diorite, porphyritic quartz monzonite, and granite. These basement rocks are overlain by a thick sequence of late Oligocene ash flow tuffs that exceeds 1km (3,300ft) in thickness and includes minor associated lavas and intrusive rocks. From oldest to youngest, these Oligocene units include: (1) the Lavas of Giroux Valley; (2) the Mickey Pass Tuff, the Singatse Tuff, and the Petrified Spring Tuff, which are members of the Benton Spring Group; and (3) the Blue Sphinx Tuff. These units are overlain by the early to middle Miocene Lavas of Mount Ferguson, and they are locally crosscut by associated rhyolitic intrusions. The volcanic rocks range in age from 16 to 29 Ma. Other precious-metal districts of the central Walker Lane are temporally and spatially related to volcanic rocks of similar ages. See Figure 7.2 for a stratigraphic column of the Isabella Pearl mine area and Figure 7.3 for a map of the local and property geology.
The most voluminous volcanism occurred 28-24 Ma and included tuff units that appear to be altered by the approximately 19 Ma mineralizing event(s). From youngest to oldest these locally hydrothermally altered units, which consequently are potential host rocks, are listed as follows:
• | Tbx brecciated tuff and lava unit Miocene or Oligocene Blue Sphinx Tuff Petrified Spring Tuff |
• | Singatse Tuff |
• | Mickey Pass Tuff |
• | Lavas of Giroux Valley |
The Lavas of Giroux Valley do not outcrop within the property boundaries.
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Figure 7.2 Isabella Pearl Mine Stratigraphic Column
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Figure 7.3 Isabella Pearl Mine Geologic Map
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7.2.1 | Lithology |
Lithology plays a role in ore control. Age dating suggests that any unit older than the Lavas of Mount Ferguson are potential host rocks. Altered and/or mineralized volcanic outcrop areas that have been recognized to date, listed from the youngest to the oldest rocks, are as follows:
Ÿ | The Singatse Tuff is present locally throughout the trend, and although it is not known to contain economic gold mineralization, it is commonly hydrothermally altered, particularly in the basal portion, and locally it may have acted as a cap for underlying mineralization. Alteration in this and the younger units described above may represent leakage of mineralization from the more receptive Guild Mine Member beneath. |
Ÿ | At the south end of the trend, the Isabella deposit is hosted within moderately to poorly welded tuff in the upper rhyolitic portion, and the Pearl deposit is hosted dominantly within densely welded tuff in the lower, rhyodacite portion of the Guild Mine Member of the Mickey Pass Tuff. |
Ÿ | The basal air fall tuff unit of the Guild Mine Member is a potentially favorable host rock. Fragments of carbon and organic trash contained within the unit could react with mineralizing fluids and precipitate precious metals in a manner very similar to the carbon circuit of a cyanide recovery plant. |
Ÿ | The Pearl and Civit Cat sulfide mineral resources are hosted in part by the Cretaceous "granite". |
7.2.2 | Structural Geology |
The Walker Lane zone is documented to be at least as old as 28 Ma (million years). The Walker Lane structures can be summarily described as consisting of numerous northwesterly trending strike-slip and normal faults, along with extensional oblique fractures and other faults that formed between the northwest striking faults, and dominantly pre-mineral detachment and associated listric normal faults. These structures provided both the ground preparation and the hydrothermal conduit systems necessary for economic mineralization.
Several regional and deep penetrating fault zones trend northwest through the area of interest including the Soda Springs fault. An example of the general density and trend of faulting is illustrated in Figure 7.3, which covers the area in the vicinity of the Isabella deposit. Many more faults are present than shown, but at all practical surface map scales individual faults and related fractures and joints are so numerous, and commonly obscured by alteration, that only the principal ones have been mapped. The importance of faults and fault zones for ore localization, particularly at intersections of and at bends along them cannot be over-emphasized.
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Beginning about 19-15 Ma, large magnitude east to southeast extension, characterized by multiple sets of closely spaced normal faults plus detachment faults in more deeply exposed terranes, occurred irregularly throughout much of the Great Basin. This SE-extension direction is 70-900 in a clockwise direction from the original north to north-northeast extension direction. West-Northwest-directed Basin and Range style deformation was superimposed on the region sometime about 17-16 Ma, a tilting event is dated at approximately 10 Ma, and peak extensional strain occurred 10-7 Ma. All of this tectonic activity and erosion resulted in an irregular, dominantly buried surface of considerable relief on the Mesozoic basement rocks, which now have the appearance of protruding into the overlying Tertiary volcanic rocks.
Detachment faults have been documented along the Walker Lane structural trend. These faults occur along the unconformity between the Tertiary volcanic and the older basement rocks as well as above and below this contact. The basement rocks are not tilted, so the detachment faulting is not related to large-scale crustal extension but rather has been described as "thin-skinned", and the associated listric normal faults do not penetrate into the basement rocks. In the Gabbs Valley Range, these listric faults are documented to repetitiously extend and tilt the Tertiary strata and merge into the detachment fault at the Tertiary-Cretaceous unconformity. Listric faults are common in rocks dated approximately 29-22 Ma but uncommon in younger rocks dated about 19-15 Ma. It is concluded (literature) that the detachment and listric normal faulting occurred as a consequence of strike-slip faulting dated 24-19 Ma.
Geologists who have worked in mineralized areas along the trend have observed the following: both pre-mineral and post-mineral faults are present, which respectively have structurally prepared the host rocks and displaced mineralization; post mineral faults are commonly characterized by unconsolidated breccias rather than by slickensides; tectonic, hydrothermal, and crackle breccias are present locally; and multiple episodes of breaking and healing are documented. At least some mineralization is reported to occur along the flanks of grabens and half-grabens formed by second and third order structures.
7.2.3 | Alteration |
In the mine area, argillized rocks have been described as dominantly an illite-montmorillonite assemblage, with kaolinite generally restricted to narrow bands up to a few yards wide around silicified zones. Weakly argillized rocks are variably bleached and locally contain areas of less altered, propylitized rock. These weakly argillized rocks are weakly incompetent and, although the feldspars are altered, the tuffaceous groundmass is recognizable; weathered surfaces are generally rough and pitted due to the loss of feldspars; and pyrite is present at least locally. Strongly to intensely argillized rocks are white and very incompetent, weather down readily, and the original rock type is unrecognizable in the field; pyrite is generally abundant, and where oxidized the rocks are yellowish to greenish in color. Argillized rocks contain no silicification other than single quartz veinlets. Light pink alunite is present locally as replacements in feldspar sites. In some areas, this strong argillic alteration may be underlain by propylitic alteration. There may be a relationship between alteration features and the intrusions of rhyolite dikes and plugs.
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At the Isabella deposit, weak to strong argillic alteration is pervasive in the upper, poorly to moderately welded ash flow tuff, while the lower, more densely welded tuff generally appears relatively "fresh" although varying degrees of propylitic alteration are common. In the upper, less welded tuff, narrow, structurally-controlled zones of silica-pyrite, as well as the more pervasive, near-horizontal, blanket-like silica replacement bodies, cut across the tilted host rock and generally grade outward into silica-kaolinite, with local alunite envelopes, and then into pervasive illite-montmorillonite zones. This alteration assemblage is also present in the lower, densely welded tuff but there it is tightly confined around the silicification. The illite-montmorillonite zone generally grades into propylitized rocks within 0-20m (0-65 ft.); within this interval mafic minerals are altered to clusters of iron oxides around their margins and plagioclase is altered to clay minerals (possibly montmorillonite).
Calcite, an alteration product of plagioclase, is present locally as pods and veinlets. Near silicified fault zones epidote is present as small granules both in plagioclase phenocrysts and in the groundmass.
Noteworthy is the fact that silicification and argillization features overlying the Isabella deposit are essentially identical to the alteration features present elsewhere along the structural trend.
Alunite is also commonly present in silicified areas, and silicified rocks generally grade outward into argillized and then into propylitically-altered rocks. Silicification is localized by fault and shear zones, and in many areas, silica has replaced large masses of both the volcanic and granitic rocks. Gold and silver are associated with this silicification and occurs primarily within the Guild Mine Member of the Mickey Pass Tuff.
Geologic records indicate that, in many or most areas, the quartz-alunite mineral assemblage caps argillic alteration. It has been hypothesized that this assemblage may have resulted from a strong acid leaching stage originating in a vapor-dominated hydrothermal system. These silicified outcrops locally stand in bold relief as knobs and irregular ledges, and silicification can cover hundreds of square yards.
Silicified cap rocks are reddish to purplish in less altered areas and white (no sulfides) in the most intensely altered areas. They are commonly rounded, very dense and without fabric, which has been attributed to pervasive recrystallization from opaline silica to quartz. No specific conclusions have been reached regarding the relationship, if any, of this silica cap rock to gold mineralization other than to note that there is a spatial correlation between quartz-alunite alteration, faults, and localities where economic to sub-economic amounts or gold are known to be present.
Other geologic data distinguish two types of silicification that have been described: (1) strong to intense silicification is pervasive, with the rock matrix partially to completely replaced by silica and with the rock texture partially to completely destroyed; iron oxides are common, and alunite and occasional barite may be present, and (2) weak to moderate silicification described as “irregular”, with "case hardened", goethite-stained rocks that form ledges in which the feldspars are bleached. Both types of silicification may indicate concealed faults.
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7.3 | Isabella Pearl Mineralized Zones |
The gold-silver mineralized zones discussed in this report include the Isabella, Pearl, and Civit Cat oxide deposits and the Pearl and Civit Cat sulfide deposits, collectively referred to in this report as the Isabella Pearl deposit. Alteration and mineral assemblages at Isabella Pearl, including widespread argillic alteration and generally abundant alunite, indicate the deposits belong to the high-sulfidation class of epithermal mineral deposits. K-Ar age determinations indicate the mineralization is about 19 Ma, some 7 to 10 million years younger than the age of the host rocks. This early Miocene age conforms to the age of other high-sulfidation epithermal precious-metal deposits in the Walker Lane (e.g., Goldfield and Paradise Peak).
Silicification generally grades outward into argillization, which then grades into propylitically altered rocks. Silicification is localized by faults and shears, and in many areas, silica has replaced large masses of both the volcanic and granitic rocks. Gold is associated with this silicification, occurring primarily within the Guild Mine Member in the lower part of the Mickey Pass Tuff. This alteration assemblage is also present in the lower, more densely welded tuff characteristic of the Pearl deposit, but it is tightly confined around the core of silicification that is mineralized.
The Isabella mineralization is moderately argillized to highly siliceous, contains numerous vugs in former feldspar and pumice sites (vuggy-silica textures), and typically lacks any evidence of cross-cutting veinlets. Narrow, structurally controlled zones of silica-pyrite, as well as the more pervasive silica replacement bodies, generally grade outward into silica-kaolinite with local alunite envelopes, which in turn grade into pervasive illite-montmorillonite zones. The iron oxide minerals goethite, jarosite, and hematite are present in the siliceous groundmass. Gold occurs as very small (<10 microns) liberated particles in cavities and along fracture surfaces. Rare secondary minerals include barite, cinnabar, and scorodite. A near-horizontal zone of pervasive argillic and advanced-argillic alteration occurs above the Isabella deposit in the upper, poorly to moderately welded rhyolitic ash-flow tuff of the Guild Mine Member. Within this altered zone, alunite occurs as pseudomorphs after potassium feldspar phenocrysts and as replacements of pumice fragments.
The Pearl deposit is hosted by the lower, densely welded portion of the Guild Mine Member and, to a lesser extent, by Cretaceous granite. Mineralization is largely controlled by the northwest-striking, northeast-dipping contact zone between the granitic basement and the overlying Tertiary volcanic units. This contact may be partially or entirely faulted; this report assumes the contact is marked by the fault. Strong silicification accompanies gold mineralization and is associated with fracture fillings and replacement of the welded tuff. The mineralization is usually associated with strong brecciation. Multiple stages of fracturing and brecciation with associated silicification have been observed in drill core.
Sulfide minerals at Pearl commonly exceed ten percent (by volume) and are composed primarily of crystalline grains and aggregates of pyrite, colloform banded “melnikovite”-type pyrite, and bladed marcasite (or pyrite after marcasite) in dark microcrystalline quartz. This quartz has replaced both the
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volcanic and intrusive host rocks. In the granite, alteration has resulted in the complete leaching of feldspars and ferromagnesian silicates, and pyrite and marcasite have filled the voids left by the silicate dissolution. Rare sulfide minerals observed in thin and polished sections include arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, polybasite, and pyrargyrite. Other minerals include very minor magnetite, zircon, monazite, and rutile. Native gold has not been observed in the sulfide mineralization.
The oxidation boundary is depressed over and immediately around the Pearl deposit, with oxide mineralization extending to more than 150m (500ft) below the surface. Goethite, jarosite, and manganese oxide are common, and barite and chlorargyrite occur rarely in the siliceous groundmass. Gold within the oxide mineralization occurs both as locked and liberated particles, as well as electrum. Particles range in size from 2 to 34 microns, averaging 14 microns. The liberated particles occur as small wire-like grains in cavities, while the locked gold is encapsulated by silica or goethite.
The Civit Cat mineralization, which is relatively minor and poorly defined by drilling, lies to the northeast of Pearl and is associated with the northwest-striking, southwest-dipping Civit Cat fault. The control on mineralization by the Pearl and Civit Cat faults, which have similar strikes but opposing dips, results in northwest-trending, roughly lens-shaped zones of mineralization that flank both sides of a graben-like structural trough.
7.3.1 | Extents and Continuity |
Within the Isabella Pearl mine area, three gold deposits have been modeled: Isabella, Pearl and Civit Cat North. The approximate extents of each are summarized in Table 7.1. Each deposit shows internal geological and grade continuity, with a consistent direction of mineralization. The approximate dimensions of each deposit are based on grade shells constructed at a nominal 0.3 g/t Au (0.009 opst) used to limit grade interpolation in the 3D block model.
Table 7.1 Approximate Extents of Gold-Silver Deposits in the Isabella Pearl Mine Area
Tonnage | Strike Length | Dip Length | |
Civit Cat North | 3.4 million tonnes | 290 m | 250 m |
Isabella | 7.1 million tonnes | 570 m | 20 m |
Pearl | 4.0 million tonnes | 400 m | 280 m |
Scarlet | 0.5 million tonnes | 110 m | 80 m |
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8 | DEPOSIT TYPE |
Alteration and mineral assemblages throughout the deposit are represented by widespread argillic alteration, generally abundant alunite, and the presence of minor amounts of base metals, all of which indicate the ore deposits to belong to the high sulfidation (acid sulfate) class of epithermal mineral deposits. Fluid inclusion data indicates the solutions that deposited the coarse-grained quartz were dilute, with a salinity of 1-2 weight percent NaCl and temperatures ranging 200 to 300° C. Temporal relationships and the thickness of the tuff units suggest that the depth of formation was more than 900m. In Figure 8.1 a red circle highlights the high sulfidation characteristics of the Isabella Pearl ore classification including the Na-rich, moderate temperature, and acid phase minerals. The geometry of the deposit is controlled by two dominant geologic features; favorable stratigraphic horizon, and structural connectivity to mineralizing fluids. In high sulfidation environments the fluids ascend via structural feeders and under acid attack particularly replaces more favorable units; in the case of Isabella Pearl the Guild Mine member of the Mickey pass Tuff was this unit. Figure 8.2 demonstrates a conceptual ore deposit model.
Figure 8.1 High Sulfidation Characteristics of the Isabella Pearl Mineralization
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Figure 8.2 Conceptual Model for Formation of the Isabella Pearl Deposit
A local stratigraphic section shown in Figure 8.3 illustrates a more specific model for mineralization at the Isabella deposit and elsewhere along the Walker Lane trend, where numerous fault zones provided the conduits necessary for hydrothermal fluids to transport gold into environments favorable for gold mineralization. The uppermost, Isabella-type deposit occurs in the upper portion of the Guild Mine Member tuff host rock. This deposit type is relatively large and of lower average grade because the tuff is less welded and consequently relatively porous, allowing the mineralizing fluids to spread beneath the overlying Singatse Tuff, which served as a relatively impermeable barrier (only the lower portion of the Singatse Tuff is altered in the vicinity of the Isabella Pearl deposit.
The stratigraphically lower Pearl-type deposit is limited to faults and fractures and is controlled in part by the basement rock contact with the overlying volcanic rocks. The deep sulfide and Pearl-type deposits are relatively high-grade because these environments were the first favorable environments encountered by ascending, mineralized, hydrothermal fluids.
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Figure 8.3 Idealized Stratigraphic Section Highlighting Mineralization Controls for Isabella Pearl
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9 | EXPLORATION |
9.1 | Relevant Exploration Work |
9.1.1 | Exploration by TXAU |
TXAU conducted two DDH drilling programs that were managed by HB Engineering. The first program was designed primarily to provide material for metallurgical testing, as well as to attempt to confirm the historic assay and geological data collected by the Combined Metals-Homestake joint venture. A total of 19 holes (1,187m (3,894ft)) were drilled in early 2007, including four holes into the Pearl deposit and the remaining holes into the Isabella deposit. Two holes, P-6 and P-16, were lost in bad ground and were re-drilled. P-16 recovered core to 10m (33ft), which was split and sampled; no core from P-6 was sampled.
The 2007 drill data were incorporated into the project database, and MDA was contracted to complete a 43-101-compliant Mineral Resource estimate, as well as an economic scoping study (Prenn and Gustin, 2008). These studies led to the identification of a number of deficiencies that precluded the classification of any of the resources as Measured. In order to address these deficiencies and lower project risk, TXAU completed the 2008 drill program, which consisted of 7 DDH holes for a total of 1,129m of drilling (3,704ft). Since the Pearl deposit contributes approximately 75% of the total oxide resources at Isabella Pearl, and essentially all of the sulfide resources, the 2008 drilling concentrated on the Pearl deposit.
The 2008 program included an industry standard QA/QC program, down-hole surveys were conducted on all holes, care was taken during drilling and the removal of core from the core barrel in order to maximize sample recoveries, and further specific gravity determinations were obtained from samples of the drill core. Additional QA/QC work was also completed on the 2007 drill samples, and geologic mapping of portions of the Isabella-Pearl resource area was completed.
In addition to the drilling programs, TXAU commissioned McClelland Laboratories, Inc. (McClelland) to complete metallurgical testing on a bulk surface sample and DDH composites in 2007 and 2008. The results of this test work are summarized in Section 13.
9.1.2 | Exploration by WLMC |
WLMC executed a DDH drill program in 2016 to collect representative mineralized ore grade samples in the mine area in sufficient quantity to conduct metallurgical testing.
The 735 m (2,411 ft) DDH drill program managed by WLMC in 2016 incorporated three PQ size core holes which were sent to the Kappes, Cassidy & Associates (KCA) facility in Reno, Nevada for metallurgical testing and one HQ size core drill hole which was analyzed for gold, silver and a multi-element suite at ALS Laboratory (ALS) in Reno, Nevada. The purpose of the three PQ core drill holes was
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to collect enough mineral resources from the Isabella and Pearl deposits to perform bulk metallurgical tests. The HQ DDH (IPDD-002 is a twin of the first PQ DDH (IPDD-001) drilled to confirm relative elemental values of the material sent for metallurgical testing over 5-foot intervals versus wider composites for metallurgical tests.
In addition to the DDH drilling WLMC, also completed six (6) shallow AT drill holes totaling 82m (269 ft) targeting shallow oxide mineralization in the Isabella Pearl mine area. Holes were completed to maximum depth 30m (99 ft.).
WLMC also conducted extensive rock-chip sampling and geological mapping adjacent to the current Isabella and Pearl deposits to the northwest of the deposits as well as minor sampling south of the Pearl deposit. A total of 196 rock chip samples were taken by WLMC in 2017 in the Scarlet anomaly immediately northwest of Isabella and Pearl deposits and analyzed by Inspectorate - Bureau Veritas Minerals Laboratory (Bureau Veritas) in Sparks, Nevada. Rock chip samples were analyzed for gold, silver and a multi-element suite. A total of 67 of the 196 rock chip samples returned greater than 0.30 ppm Au and 22 of the 196 samples returned greater than 1.000 ppm Au with a high of 9.278 ppm Au.
Several anomalous zones were delineated from the rock chip sampling and mapping including the Scarlet trend, and 3D modeling and interpretation of the data utilized Surpac software to identify additional targets. Historical drilling was widely spaced with favorable results that were not offset with additional drilling, and WLMC plans to offset these historical drill intercepts as well as test highly anomalous rock chip samples and targets generated in modeling.
9.2 | Significant Results and Interpretation |
The TXAU 2008 and WLMC 2016 - 2019 drill information allowed for the refinement in the modeling of the high-grade portions of the Pearl deposit, as well as the oxidized/unoxidized boundary and the contact between Tertiary volcanic and granitic rocks. These refinements are critical to the confidence in the resource estimation at Pearl. Down-hole surveys conducted on the 2008 holes indicated only minor deviations, which alleviated concerns related to the lack of down-hole survey data in the pre-2008 holes. The confirmatory drilling ultimately led to the definition of mineral reserves within the Pearl deposit.
Recent exploration by WLMC included 3D modeling created with Surpac using historical mapping, sampling and drilling as well as new gathered WLMC data (Figure 9.1). This synergy of data resulted in the definition of a high potential to develop significant targets in the “TS-37 Solid”, “Scarlet Oxide Solid” and the “TS-32 Solid” which are situated immediately northwest of the Isabella and Pearl deposits. The colored planes in the figure represent the local interpretations of major mapped fault zones in the area. The high-grade portion of the Pearl deposit is included for spatial reference.
The minor rock chip sampling south of the Pearl deposit also returned several anomalous gold assays. WLMC has also planned several drill holes to test this shallow mineralization as well.
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Figure 9.1 3D Modeling of Mineralized Structures and Faults Northwest of Isabella Pearl Deposits
9.3 | Exploration Potential Outside Mine Area |
WLMC also controls an additional 454 claims covering 3,240 hectares (8,000 acres) along a nearly 30 km (19 mi) trend extending northwest of the Isabella Pearl mine. Figure 9.2 highlights this current land position and significant prospects for targeting. At least twenty-four gold prospect sites have been defined by previous operators (TXAU, CMRC, Homestake and others) along the northwest trend. At least twelve are considered high priority prospective target areas under current examination by WLMC within the entire Isabella Pearl claim area.
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Figure 9.2 WLMC’s Regional Land Status Highlighting Isabella Pearl and Other Important Mines and Prospects
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10 | DRILLING |
10.1 | Type and Extent |
The Mineral Reserves reported herein were estimated using a drill hole database compiled by WLMC, as described below. The final mine database includes a total of 379 holes drilled by Combined Metals-Homestake, TXAU and WLMC at Isabella Pearl through 2019, including 339 RC, 33 DDH, three metallurgical DDH drill holes and four water wells. Metallurgical drill holes were submitted in their entirety for metallurgical testing and do not have individual assay results. The Isabella Pearl mine drilling history is summarized in Table 10.1, which includes drill holes shown in Figure 10.1. The Isabella Pearl drill hole and assay databases are summarized in Tables 10.2 and 10.3, respectively.
Most of the pre-TXAU and WLMC drilling was completed between 1987 and 1990 by the Combined Metals-Homestake joint venture (Golden, 2000). It should be noted that the database used by Sierra Mining reportedly included 178 Combined Metals-Homestake holes (Golden, 2000), three more than the MDA database; holes IC-34, 35, 37, and 175 are possibilities for missing holes in the MDA data based on the drill hole numbering sequence (Prenn & Gustin, 2008, 2011 & 2013).
Topographic surveying of collars was undertaken by registered professional surveyors from Nevada. All plots were delivered as stamped referenced plats along with corresponding digital data files. Verification of field locations were also validated with registered air photographs. The TXAU 2007 - 2013 drill hole collar locations were surveyed by David Rowe of Winnemucca, Nevada. Rowe also surveyed the collar locations of 100 Combined Metals-Homestake holes that could be accurately located on the ground. The WLMC 2016 - 2018 drill holes were surveyed by Kevin Haskew of Reno, Nevada. The 2019 drill hole collars were surveyed by the Isabella Pearl mine survey department.
Table 10.1 Drilling History at the Isabella Pearl Mine
Company | Period | RC | DDH | Total | |||||
No. | Meters | No. | Meters | No. | Meters | ||||
Combined Metals-Homestake | 1987-1990 | 182 | 19,598.6 | 6 | 513.9 | 188 | 20,112.5 | ||
TXAU | 2007-2008 | na | na | 26 | 2,315.7 | 26 | 2,315.7 | ||
WLMC* | 2016-2019 | 157 | 12,844.0 | 1 | 249.9 | 158 | 13,093.9 | ||
WLMC Met Holes | 2016-2017 | na | na | 3 | 484.9 | 3 | 484.9 | ||
Water Wells | na | na | na | na | na | 4 | 800.0 | ||
Totals | 339 | 36,422.6 | 36 | 3,564.4 | 379 | 36,807.1 | |||
* Includes 6 AT drill holes | |||||||||
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Figure 10.1 Isabella Pearl Drill Hole Location Map
Table 10.2 Isabella Pearl Drill Hole Database Summary
Description | DDH | RC | AT | H2O | Total |
Number of drill holes | 36 | 333 | 6 | 4 | 379 |
Total Length (m) | 3,564 | 32,361 | 82 | 800 | 36,807 |
Average Length (m) | 99.0 | 92.2 | 13.6 | 200 | 97.1 |
Meters Assayed | 1,951 | 30,300 | 82 | 0 | 32,333 |
Drill Holes with Downhole Surveys | 8 | 134 | 6 | 0 | 148 |
Table 10.3 Isabella Pearl Assay Database Summary
Assay Summary | DDH | RC | AT | Total |
Number of Assays | 1,119 | 19,882 | 54 | 21,055 |
Total Length (m) | 1,950.6 | 30,300.2 | 82.0 | 32,332.8 |
Average Length (m) | 1.74 | 1.52 | 1.52 | 1.54 |
Average Au g/t | 2.30 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.37 |
Average Ag g/t | 12 | 3 | 1.04 | 3.39 |
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10.2 | Procedures |
10.2.1 | RC Drilling |
MDA extracted the following information concerning the Combined Metals-Homestake RC drilling exclusively from the drill hole logs, which unsystematically include references to drilling contractors, rig types, and drill bits. Logs are available for all historic holes in the sequence IC-38 through IC-178, except IC-54. All historic holes are believed to have been completed by RC drill rigs, with the exception of DDHholes IC-136 through IC-141.
The first notation of drill-rig type is for hole IC-38, which notes a T-4 drill. This rig type was also identified in 90 of the following holes through to hole IC-135. Hole IC-49 notes that a T-4 rig was used to drill the first 91m (299ft) of the hole, with a TH-100 drilling the bottom 151m (495ft). No references to drilling company are made until hole IC-99, which is noted as being drilled by Hackworth. Hackworth is identified as the drill contractor on 21 logs within the sequence of holes from IC-99 through IC-132. Nine of these logs suggest that holes IC-99 through IC-132 were drilled in 1989.
Drilling Services is identified as the drill contractor for 33 of the holes in the sequence from IC-142 through IC-174. A total of 43 logs from holes in this sequence note the drill type as being TH100 or TH100A. Holes IC-142 to IC-156 are noted as being drilled in 1989, while holes IC-158 through IC- 174 were drilled in 1990.
Hackworth is again noted as the drill contractor for holes IC-176 through IC-178, the latest Combined Metals-Homestake holes in the database (IC-175 is not in the database). These holes were drilled in 1990 using a TH60 rig.
Drill-bit diameters are identified on 128 of the RC logs, which indicate 5.125, 5.25, 5.5, and 6in. bit sizes. Most of the Hackworth holes were drilled with 5.5in. bits, while most Drilling Services holes were drilled with 5.25in. bits. Both drill contractors used hammer and tri-cone bits
WLMC 2016 - 2019 RC drilling was performed on diurnal shifts by New Frontier Drilling LLC (Frontier) Fallon, Nevada. Drilling equipment consisted of an RC track mounted Foremost MPD drill capable of drilling angle holes to 500m (1,500 ft). Drill was equipped with an air compressor capable of delivering sufficient free air at high enough pressure for drilling with a dual-tube drill pipe. The setup was complete with cyclone assembly with discharge through a rotary wet splitter. Drill bit size was 13.3 cm (5.25 in). The drill pipe was 10.2 cm (4 in) diameter in 3.04m (10 ft) lengths. The method employed utilized the double wall drill pipe, interchange hammer, and hammer bits to drill and sample the geologic formations. The samples were recovered through the center of the double walled pipe and the sample discharged via a cyclone. Water/fluid was injected into the airflow on an intermitted to continuous basis to assist with recovery of the sample through the wet rotating splitter. Appropriate sample bags were provided by WLMC and they were collected and bagged and tagged under geologist supervision during the drilling. The contractor conducted all operations to industry standard practices.
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In 2017, WLMC also utilized New Frontier Drilling to complete a 1,356 m (4,450 ft) RC condemnation drill program to ensure no mineral resources occurred where mine/plant facilities are currently located. The program consisted of 5 RC drill holes drilled to depths of up to 366 m (1,200 ft).
The AT drilling was completed by Merritt Construction Mina, NV utilizing an Atlas Copco portable blast hole rig modified to 4.5 inches for shallow drilling (less than 30m (99 ft)). The drill rig is supported by compressed air at a rate of 825 cubic feet per minute, with compressed air forced down the center of the rod and hammered materials returned up the outside of the rod. This drilling method was restricted to vertical hole orientation. The drilling method was dry, samples were taken for each 1.5m (5 ft), and the recovered chips were collected in 5-gallon pails and split with a portable riffle splitter. Samples were bagged at the site and transported to company’s secure storage location until submittal to ALS. The AT holes were not surveyed down-hole.
10.2.2 | DDH (Core) Drilling |
Combined Metals-Homestake completed a six-hole DDH drilling program in 1989. No further details concerning this program are available.
TXAU conducted a 19-hole DDH drilling program in 2007 and drilled an additional seven DDH holes in 2008. HB Engineering managed the drilling programs for TXAU. Leroy Kay Drilling Co., Inc. of Yerington, Nevada (Kay Drilling) was the drilling contractor for the 2007 program. All recovered core was HQ size (2.5 in).
The drilling contractor for the 2008 program was Sierra Madre Exploration of West Point, California (Sierra Madre). Sierra Madre used a track-mounted Longyear Casa Grande C5S rig, made in Italy specifically for drilling long DDH holes from underground. The rig is capable of drilling HQ core to depths of greater than 600m (2,000ft) and can drill angle holes on very small drill pads, which was important for the 2008 campaign. Drilling was conducted during one or two 12-hour shifts per day, depending on the availability of personnel. All holes were collared and cased to 3.05m (10ft) by tri-cone drilling, with no recovery of these intervals. Core drilling was all HQ in size and was generally completed using a 3.05m (10ft) core barrel. To help increase recovery in loose, difficult drilling conditions, a Longyear’s HQ3 system was used instead of a standard core barrel. Water pressure was used to pump the core out of the core barrel (as opposed to jarring it out with hammer blows) onto a half-pipe tray, and the core was then boxed in standard wax-coated cardboard boxes.
KB Drilling Company (KB) of Mound House, Nevada provided services for the 2016 metallurgical DDH drilling program. Two sizes of DDH drill core were utilized: a large diameter “PQ” 8.5 cm (3.35 in) for metallurgical testing, and a smaller “HQ” 63.5mm (2.5 in) for core sample and routine laboratory analyses. The 24-hr 7 days shift DDH drilling was performed with a truck mounted UDR 1500 drill capable of DDH depth penetration to 500m (1500ft), utilizing traditional mud-lubricated drilling methods. Casing utilized was 12.7 cm (5 in) and was utilized generally 10-20ft for collar stability, however in some cases hole stabilization required up to 30 ft of casing. Occasionally overburden was tri-cone
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drilled. Core was pressure removed when possible (in fractured ground) otherwise handled traditionally with rubber mallet percussion to remove. Core was place in wax treated boxes. Depth, rod change, and loss zones were noted on wood blocks in place with the drill core. Core was shipped to a WLMC locked storage in Hawthorne, Nevada twice daily at drilling shift change. After drilling holes were surveyed with the Reflex tool (described in next section) and logged paper copies of the measurements were retained by the drill site geologist. The contractor conducted all operations to industry standard practices.
10.2.3 | Downhole Surveying |
The database contains down-hole survey data for the 11 DDH holes (including metallurgical drill holes), 5 RC holes and 6 AT holes as listed in Table 10.2. The remaining drill holes are limited to collar surveys only.
Seven DDH holes drilled by TXAU in 2008 were surveyed by the drillers upon completion of each hole using a Reflex EZ-SHOT tool. The holes tended to steepen by 1 to 2.5 degrees and change azimuth unsystematically up to 5.5 degrees. If the pre-2008 drill holes, which do not have down-hole survey data, deviated at similar magnitudes as the 2008 holes, the lack of surveys would have no material impact on the mineralization model.
The WLMC 2016 DDH program under KB utilized a Reflex EZ-shot camera and surveys were taken at approximately 50 ft intervals as per industry standard. The data was reviewed by the competent geologist and approved for entry into the company database.
The 2017 condemnation RC drilling program utilized the Reflex EZ- Gyro and surveys were taken every 15.2 m (50 ft) as per industry standard and included a QA/QC multi-shot optimization at approximately each 30.5 m (100 ft). This data was reviewed by competent geologist and approved for entry into the company database. No extreme or unusual deviation was noted with the survey results from either campaign.
10.3 | WLMC Exploration Drilling Programs |
The WLMC 2017 condemnation RC drilling program sterilized all near-surface ground in the areas tested with drill holes consisting of mainly alluvium or uneconomic mineralization to final drill hole depths.
During 2018 and 2019, WLMC completed 146 in-fill and step-out RC drill holes to expand mineral resources at the Isabella Pearl mine. The drilling program utilized the New Frontier Drilling RC drill and the same industry accepted down hole Reflex surveying and laboratory analytical methods as previously. The campaign successfully intercepted additional mineralization both along known structures and increased confidence in other infill areas. Results included up to 8.574 g/t Au over 83.82m including 22.826 g/t Au over 24.38m in Hole IPRC-090 and 18.042 g/t Au over 25.91m including 28.588 g/t Au over
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6.10m in Hole IPRC-091. Figure 10.2 below highlights the collar locations, and Table 10.4 below summarizes significant results. All of the information gained will be included in the resource updates.
Figure 10.2 2018-2019 Drill Hole Collar Locations at Isabella Pearl
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Table 10.4 Significant Results 2018-2019 Drilling at Isabella Pearl
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10.4 | Interpretation and Relevant Results |
The Isabella Pearl database (Table 10.3) indicates that the mean gold grades of the DDH holes are significantly higher than the RC holes. The Combined Metals-Homestake and TXAU DDH were drilled primarily to collect metallurgical samples and verify important mineralized zones defined by previously drilled RC holes. The DDH therefore drilled a higher percentage of mineral resources than the RC holes, especially in the high-grade Pearl deposit. In addition, sampling of the DDH was primarily restricted to suspected mineralized intervals, while the RC holes were sampled over their entire lengths.
Drill hole logs are available for all holes except IC-1 through 37 (the earliest holes in the database) and IC-54, as well as copies of assay certificates for 147 of the holes, including all TXAU holes. A significant amount of information was collected from the drill logs and entered into spreadsheets and, where appropriate, the mine database, including the depth to water table, intervals drilled while injecting water, the amount of water returning with the RC sample cuttings, qualitative descriptions of RC sample recoveries, any comments regarding possible RC down-hole contamination noted on the drill logs, other comments written on the drill logs that pertain to water and recovery, alteration (degree of silicification), lithology (overburden, welded and overlying unwelded Mickey Pass Tuff, granite), drill bit types and diameters, drill contractors, year of drilling, rig type, assay laboratory, analytical methods, and analytical detection limits. Although the database included oxidation codes, many of these codes were derived from the coding of the drill samples by an interpreted three-dimensional surface that conflicted with the oxidation notes in the drill logs in some cases. Oxidation data (oxide-mixed-sulfide) were therefore extracted from the drill logs and incorporated into the MDA digital database.
QA/QC data were also compiled by MDA from the paper copies of the Combined Metals-Homestake assay certificates. These data include internal laboratory check analyses of the original pulps and analyses of new pulps prepared from preparation rejects or duplicate samples. The QA/QC samples are discussed further in Section 12.
An audit of the assay database by MDA led to the identification of data in the assay certificates that were not included in the TXAU database. Two RC holes, which had been re-entered and deepened sometime after the original holes were drilled, did not have the re-entry assay data in the database. Several intervals of other holes were also missing assay data. All missing assay data identified by MDA were added to the mine database.
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11 | SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSIS AND SECURITY |
11.1 | Historic Security Measures and Sample Preparation |
Historic security measures and sample preparation were reported by MDA (Prenn & Gustin, 2013). This includes descriptions excerpted from Sierra Mining (Golden, 2000) for drilling programs conducted at Isabella Pearl before TXAU took control of the project. For more details, the reader is referred to earlier reports on mineral resources and reserves and the feasibility study for the Isabella Pearl mine (Brown et al., 2018).
11.2 | WLMC (2016 to Present) |
11.2.1 | Security Measures |
Sample security procedures for WLMC sample materials were established according to industry standards and included (from generation of sample at the site) secured sample transport to a local locked storage facility for holding and/or directly shipped via secured transport to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were shipped by cargo truck in lots loaded into bins with top closures, enclosed trailer, or stacked and covered and secured to the bed of transport truck (in the case of whole DDH drill hole boxes). Chain of custody forms accompanied the shipments to the reception at the assigned laboratory. No breaches of the security were reported.
11.2.2 | Sample Preparation and Analysis |
For the WLMC 2016 drilling program, continuous sampling was done on 1.52 m (5 ft) intervals, contingent on drilling conditions. All assay samples were processed at ALS, with additional work carried out at ALS in Vancouver, BC, Canada. WLMC has no business relationship with ALS beyond being a customer for analytical services. ALS is an accredited ISO/IEC 17025 facility.
For the WLMC 2017 - 2019 drilling programs, continuous sampling was again done on 1.52 m (5 ft) intervals, contingent on drilling conditions. However, all assay samples during the 2017 – 2019 drilling programs were processed at Bureau Veritas. WLMC has no business relationship with Bureau Veritas beyond being a customer for analytical services. Bureau Veritas is an accredited ISO/IEC 17025 facility. The umpire laboratory used for check assaying is ALS and this sampling program is currently ongoing.
All assay samples were analyzed using a 30 g FA with an AAS finish for gold (ALS code AU-AA23; Bureau Veritas code FA430)). This technique has a lower detection limit of 0.005 ppm and an upper detection
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limit of 10.00 ppm. Samples with greater than 10.00 ppm Au were re-analyzed using a 30 g FA with a gravimetric finish (ALS code Au-GRA21; Bureau Veritas code FA530).
All assay samples were also analyzed using a 0.5 g sample with aqua regia for silver (ALS code Ag-AA45; Bureau Veritas code AQ-400). This technique has a lower detection limit of 0.1 ppm for silver and an upper detection limit of 200 ppm for silver.
11.2.3 | Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures |
The 2016 through 2018 WLMC drilling program consisted of 6 AT exploration drill holes, 5 RC condemnation drill holes, 36 RC in-fill and step-out drill holes, one DDH exploration drill hole and 3 DDH metallurgical drill holes. Condemnation drill holes were only sampled if the presence of visible mineralization was noted. All Standard Reference Materials (SRM) and blanks used for the QA/QC program were obtained from Shea Clark Smith / MEG, Inc., Reno, Nevada.
The variation from the SRM mean value defines the QA/QC variance and is used to determine acceptability of the standard sample assay. Approximately 60 g of sample material was submitted per QA/QC sample. For the 2016 through 2018 WLMC drilling programs, the criteria for failure were as follows.
a. | Assay value within 95% Confidence Interval (CI): Pass | |
b. | Assay value outside 95% Confidence Interval: Failure | |
c. | Blank value greater than 5 times the lower detection limit (0.025 g/t Au): Failure |
For the AT drilling program two blanks, one field duplicate and one SRM standard were inserted with the 54 samples collected. For the DDH drill hole, 3 SRM standards and 3 blanks were inserted with the 131 samples collected. For the RC drill holes, 5 SRM standards and 5 blanks were inserted with the 222 samples collected. No issues were noted with regards to the QA/QC results (Table 11.1).
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Table 11.1 WLMC 2016 through 2018 QA/QC Results
Sample | Drill Hole | SRM Standard | Au g/t | SRM g/t | 95% CI |
845340 | IPAT-010 | MEG-Blank.14.01 | <0.005 | 0.003 | |
845375 | IPAT-016 | MEG-Au.10.01 | 0.02 | 0.022 | 0.016 - 0.027 |
845390 | IPAT-016 | MEG-Blank.14.01 | <0.005 | 0.003 | |
869075 | IPDD-002 | MEG-Au.11.17 | 2.87 | 2.693 | 2.457 - 2.928 |
869125 | IPDD-002 | MEG-Au.12.13 | 0.947 | 0.879 | 0.761 - 0.997 |
869025 | IPDD-002 | MEG-Au.13.01 | 0.322 | 0.308 | 0.279 - 0.337 |
869026 | IPDD-002 | MEG-Blank.14.01 | <0.005 | 0.003 | |
869076 | IPDD-002 | MEG-Blank.14.01 | 0.009 | 0.003 | |
869126 | IPDD-002 | MEG-Blank.14.01 | 0.005 | 0.003 | |
2970975 | IPRC-004 | MEG-Au.10.03 | 0.053 | 0.056 | 0.044 - 0.068 |
2970990 | IPRC-004 | MEG-Blank.14.01 | <0.005 | 0.003 | |
2976025 | IPRC-005 | MEG-Au.11.19 | 0.114 | 0.12 | 0.093 - 0.146 |
2976175 | IPRC-005 | MEG-Au.12.20 | 0.484 | 0.499 | 0.456 - 0.541 |
2976125 | IPRC-005 | MEG-Au.12.21 | 0.14 | 0.143 | 0.124 - 0.162 |
2976075 | IPRC-005 | MEG-Au.13.01 | 0.337 | 0.308 | 0.279 - 0.337 |
2976040 | IPRC-005 | MEG-Blank.14.01 | <0.005 | 0.003 | |
2976090 | IPRC-005 | MEG-Blank.14.01 | <0.005 | 0.003 | |
2976140 | IPRC-005 | MEG-Blank.14.01 | <0.005 | 0.003 | |
2976190 | IPRC-005 | MEG-Blank.14.01 | <0.005 | 0.003 | |
845360 | IPAT-017 | 10-15 ft | 0.611 | ||
845361 | IPAT-017 | Field Duplicate | 0.600 |
The 2019 WLMC drilling program consisted of 110 RC in-fill and step-out drill holes. All SRM samples were obtained from Shea Clark Smith / MEG, Inc., Reno, Nevada (Table 11.2). Blank material was sourced as “Lava Rock” (pumice) from Oxborrow Landscaping, Sparks, Nevada.
Table 11.2 WLMC 2019 Standard Reference Materials
Standard | Au ppm | Au SD |
MEG-Au.10.03 | 0.056 | 0.006 |
MEG-Au.11.17 | 2.693 | 0.118 |
MEG-Au.12.11 | 1.465 | 0.081 |
MEG-Au.12.13 | 0.879 | 0.059 |
MEG-Au.12.20 | 0.499 | 0.021 |
MEG-Au.12.21 | 0.143 | 0.009 |
MEG-Au.12.32 | 0.616 | 0.017 |
MEG-Au.13.01 | 0.308 | 0.014 |
MEG-Au.17.01 | 0.381 | 0.015 |
MEG-Au.17.02 | 0.511 | 0.030 |
MEG-Au.17.21 | 1.107 | 0.062 |
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For the SRM, a warning was defined as an assay result outside 3 times the SRM standard deviation. For the 306 SRM samples submitted, a total of five warnings were returned (Table 11.3). Performance of the remaining assays was acceptable (Figure 11.1).
Table 11.3 2019 SRM Warnings
Sample | DHID | SRM | Au | Criteria |
3084920 | IPRC-122 | MEG-Au.12.20 | 0.433 | < 0.436 |
3085080 | IPRC-125 | MEG-Au.12.20 | 0.571 | > 0.562 |
3084460 | IPRC-114 | MEG-Au.12.32 | 0.564 | < 0.565 |
3084480 | IPRC-114 | MEG-Au.12.32 | 0.549 | < 0.565 |
3084660 | IPRC-118 | MEG-Au.12.32 | 0.563 | < 0.565 |
Figure 11.1 2019 SRM Performance
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For the blank material a warning was defined as an assay that exceeded five times the detection limit of 0.003 ppm (Figure 11.2). Of the 310 blanks submitted, a total of five warnings were received (Table 11.4). A check on the corresponding SRM sample results for these intervals indicated no issues associated with the individual assays. Adjacent SRM pulp sample rejects were submitted to ALS, and returned similar assay grades (Figure 11.3). There is insufficient sample material remaining for re-assaying.
Figure 11.2 2019 Blank Material Performance
Table 11.4 2019 Blank Material Warnings
Sample | DHID | BLANK | Au | Criteria |
3082241 | IPRC-089 | Lava Blank | 0.018 | > 0.015 |
3082361 | IPRC-090 | Lava Blank | 0.196 | > 0.015 |
3082381 | IPRC-090 | Lava Blank | 0.024 | > 0.015 |
3082521 | IPRC-091 | Lava Blank | 0.113 | > 0.015 |
3082541 | IPRC-091 | Lava Blank | 0.033 | > 0.015 |
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Figure 11.3 2019 SRM Pulp Sample Rejects Reassays
11.3 | Check Assays |
For the 2019 drilling campaign, a total of 307 field duplicates were taken and submitted for assay at the same laboratory as the primary sample. There is a strong correlation between the primary and secondary assays, and no issues were noted (Figures 11.4 & 11.5)
Figure 11.4 Au Field Duplicate Control Plot
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Figure 11.5 Au Min Max Field Duplicate Control Plot
For the 2019 drilling campaign, a total of 488 coarse rejects from samples that assayed above 0.20 ppm were submitted for cyanide leach assay. Cyanide leach assay results from samples within the oxide zone demonstrated an average recovery of 88% percent compared to the corresponding fire assay results. Cyanide leach assay results from samples within the sulfide zone demonstrated an average recovery of 10% percent compared to the corresponding fire assay results (Figure 11.6).
Figure 11.6 Cyanide Leach vs Fire Assay Comparison Plot
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11.4 | Opinion on Adequacy |
WLMC considers that the 2016 - 2019 drilling programs and the historical drilling information as reported by MDA (Prenn & Gustin, 2013), meet industry standards and have been reviewed and confirmed in sufficient detail to permit inclusion of the information in the Isabella Pearl mine database.
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12 | DATA VERIFICATION |
WLMC has relied heavily on information and technical documents prepared by MDA for the Data Verification sections with regards to the historical drilling programs at Isabella Pearl. For more details, the reader is referred to earlier reports on mineral resources and reserves and the feasibility study for the Isabella Pearl mine (Brown et al., 2018).
12.1 Opinion on Data Adequacy
Investigations of all aspects of current and historical data quality indicates that the quality of the information is suitable for mineral reserve estimation.
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13 | MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING |
13.1 | Metallurgical Overview |
This summary of metallurgical test work results and applications was prepared to provide an overview of the metallurgical understanding of the Isabella Pearl mine. This section provides a description of Isabella Pearl mineralization and metallurgical characterization of the deposit including:
· | Mineralogy and metallurgical ore types | |
· | Review of previous test programs with emphasis on cyanide leachability | |
· | WLMC metallurgical test program and results | |
· | Metal recovery and recovery rate predictions, and | |
· | The basis of the process design criteria. |
The Isabella Pearl mine has been subjected to nine separate programs of modern metallurgical test work, the most relevant being the Combined Metals-Homestake joint venture undertaken in 1990, and TXAU in 2009. These two programs are considered of particular interest as the work was performed on drill hole samples and tested for cyanide leachability. There were many other programs where the work focused principally on alternative recovery methods such as flotation. Nonetheless, all cyanide leachability data from all test programs along with that completed by WLMC during 2017 was considered in the conclusions presented herein.
A breakdown of the test work, including a study commissioned by WLMC in 2017, are summarized in Table 13.1 below:
Table 13.1 Summary Metallurgical Test Work Completed on Isabella Pearl Deposit
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Seventy five percent of the oxide contained gold in the Isabella Pearl deposit is located below the 1,646 m bench in the Pearl Pit, and this material represents thirty five percent of all mineral resources considered in the mine plan presented herein. The importance of determining the metallurgical properties of this material cannot be overstated. The premise of the WLMC metallurgical test program undertaken by KCA in February 2017 (KCA, 2017) was twofold:
1. | Confirm previous cyanide leach test work results and viability of Heap Leach, Carbon Adsorption/desorption and Electrowinning gold recovery process to the Oxide mineral resources. | |
2. | Establish that the high-grade core of the Pearl deposit would indeed yield previously determined, gold recovery levels. |
The results of the cyanide leach test work demonstrate the straightforward and consistent nature of the Isabella Pearl metallurgy.
· | The economic minerals of interest are gold and to a minor degree silver. | |
· | The results are not dependent on deposit lithology or zoning; The deposit will be mined only above the water table and so refractory sulfide material below the water table is not an issue. | |
· | A single simple cyanidation process can be used to recover gold and to a lesser degree silver. | |
· | Fast leaching kinetics. | |
· | Economics improve by two-stage crushing of plus 1-gram gold to ½ inch. Further test work required to develop particle size gold recovery relationship. |
13.2 | Mineralogy and Metallurgical Ore Types |
The mineral resources of the mine include the Civit Cat North, Isabella and Pearl oxide deposits, collectively referred to as the Isabella Pearl deposits. The origin of all these deposits is similar, widespread argillic alteration and generally abundant alunite indicate the deposits are high-sulfidation epithermal mineral deposits. K-Ar age determinations demonstrate that the mineralization is about 19 Ma. Oxide mineralization at Isabella Pearl extends over 150 meters below the surface and it should be noted that only oxidized ore is included in economics of the mine plan.
The gold-silver mineralization is closely associated with silicification, which generally grades outward into argillization, which then into propylitically altered rocks. Silicification is localized by faults and shears, and in many areas, silica has replaced large masses of both the volcanic and granitic rocks. Gold occurs as very small (<10 microns) liberated particles in cavities and along fracture surfaces. Jarosite, goethite and hematite are present in the siliceous groundmass.
In the Isabella deposit, gold in mineral resources occur as very small (<10 microns) liberated particles in cavities and along fracture surfaces and iron oxide minerals jarosite, limonite and goethite.
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In the Pearl deposit, mineralization is very siliceous, and similar in mineralization to the Isabella material. The silver/gold ratio is higher than Isabella. The gold is contained both as locked and free particles, as native and electrum in an average size of 14 micron. The mineralization is associated with goethite, limonite, jarosite and psilomelane (manganese). Sulfide mineralization occurs beneath the Pearl oxide and mixed mineral resources. The underlying sulfide material contains pyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and silver as polybasite and pyrargyrite.
Natural weathering and fracture-controlled oxidation of sulfide mineralization causes formation of oxide ore (with low sulfide mineral). Gold is present as free gold, residing in iron oxide minerals or quartz, and adsorbed on clay minerals. Metallurgical test work has determined that gold is amenable to cyanidation and that the oxidized portion of these mineral deposits are metallurgically the same and will yield similar metal recovery results when processed.
13.3 | Previous Metallurgical Test Work Programs |
For details of previous metallurgical test work programs, the reader is referred to earlier reports on mineral resources and reserves and the feasibility study for the Isabella Pearl mine (Brown et al., 2018). The most relevant results of these programs were those completed by Combined Metals-Homestake joint-venture and TXAU, both of which tested for the application of Heap Leach and the ADR process to Isabella Pearl mineral resources. The TXAU metallurgical program was completed on DDH and a bulk surface sample. A complete description of this test work can be found in the report by MDA (Prenn and Gustin (2013). The combined results of all the bottle roll tests and column tests completed, it can be concluded that:
· | There is very good repeatability between samples of any given particle size. | |
· | Gold recovery for the finer size (200 mesh) was between 86% and 95% except for one sample which had 2.7% contained sulfide. | |
· | At coarser particle size (>10 mm) gold recovery ranged from 64% to 89%. | |
· | Column leach tests performed on P100 5/8 inch showed high gold recovery. |
13.4 | WLMC Metallurgical Ore Characterization Test Work Programs |
13.4.1 | Location of WLMC Metallurgical Test Drill Hole Samples |
In 2017, WLMC conducted a metallurgical test work program on PQ-size core samples from drill holes completed in 2016. The purpose was to evaluate process requirements to recover gold using conventional heap leaching technology. The location of metallurgical holes drilled at the Isabella Pearl deposit by WLMC in 2016 are shown in Figure 13.1. The location of the WLMC, and previous TXAU, DDH holes used in the respective metallurgical test programs are provided in Figures 13.2 and 13.3. The
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location of these drill holes in relation to the mineralized ore zones verifies the representativeness of the samples for both metallurgical test programs.
Figure 13.1: Drill Hole Locations for 2017 WLMC Metallurgical Samples
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Figure 13.2 Plan View of TXAU & WLMC Metallurgical DDH Locations (Magenta Line is Section shown in Figure 13.3)
Figure 13.3 Section View of TXAU & WLMC Metallurgical DDH Locations (looking northeast)
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13.4.2 | Results of WLMC Metallurgical Test Drill Hole Samples |
As previously stated, the premise of the WLMC metallurgical test program was twofold:
1. | Confirm previous cyanide leach test work results and viability of heap leach carbon adsorption/desorption and electrowinning gold recovery process. |
2. | Establish that the high-grade core of the Pearl deposit would indeed yield previously determined, gold recovery levels. |
In October and November of 2016, WLMC completed a PQ size DDH program consisting of 4 holes, totaling 735 meters. Four samples for metallurgical testing were taken from 3 of these holes: IPDD-001 (2 sample intervals), IPDD-003 (1 sample interval) and IPDD-004 (1 sample interval). The metallurgical samples were sent to the KCA metallurgical testing facility in Reno. The main purpose of the test work program was to confirm that the high-grade core zone of the Pearl deposit indicates economic gold recovery as demonstrated in earlier work by others. Two holes intercepted the Pearl deposit and one was drilled in the Isabella deposit. Figure 13.4 presents the plan and section of the DDH holes completed by WLMC in late 2016 (Note: Hole IPDD-002 was a twin hole of IPDD-001 drilled for geology and assay information). Table 13.2 below presents the results the gold and silver values of the composites used in the metallurgical test program.
Figure 13.4 Plan and Section of Sample Locations for WLMC Test Program in Relation to Ore Zone
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Table 13.2 Summary of Isabella Pearl Mine Core Composites Assays, KCA 2017 Program
13.4.2.1 | Cyanide Bottle Roll Tests |
A total of 61 boxes of uncut DDH core representing 1,439 kilograms of material was delivered to KCA laboratories in Reno for sample preparation and testing. The work completed consisted of head analysis (including, whole rock and QXRD), screen analysis by size fraction, comminution, bottle roll, agglomeration and column leach testing.
Table 13.3 and 13.4 present the gold and silver recovery results of the four 96-hour bottle roll tests completed on 1,000-gram samples that were pulverized to a p80 size of 200 mesh Tyler. Figures 13.5 and 13.6 show the graphical results of gold and silver extraction during the leach period for the metallurgical test samples.
In all samples tested leach kinetics were rapid, samples IPDD-003 and IPDD-004 achieved plus 93% of the total metal recovery in 2 hours. Sample IPDD-001 #1 had a low gold head grade of, 0.025 g/t Au and is therefore classified as waste. Sample IPDD-001 #2 contained 2.47% sulfides, its gold recovery did not surpass 62%.
Table 13.3 Summary Direct Agitated Cyanidation (Bottle Roll) Gold Test Results, KCA 2017 Program
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Figure 13.5 Bottle Roll Tests Showing % Gold Extraction During Leach Period
Table 13.4 Summary Direct Agitated Cyanidation (Bottle Roll) Silver Test Results, KCA 2017 Program
Figure 13.6 Bottle Roll Tests Showing % Silver Extraction during Leach Period
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13.4.2.2 | Head Screen Analysis |
Head screen analysis was carried out on portions of each of the four sample composites at the as received crush sizes. The objective of the head screen analysis was to determine assay grade values from select crush size fractions. Each sample was initially wet screened at 200 mesh. The minus 200 mesh material was filtered and dried. The oversized material was dried and then dry screened at ⅝, ½, ⅜ and ¼ inches, 10, 20, 35, 65, 100 and 200 mesh Tyler. The dry screened minus 200 mesh material was then combined with the wet screened material. Each separate size fraction was then weighed, and the weights reported. Each size fraction was then crushed to a nominal size of 10 mesh Tyler, as necessary.
A summary of the head screen analyses is presented in Table 13.5. The head screen analyses detail is presented in Table 13.6 and shown graphically in Figure 13.7.
Table 13.5 Summary of Head Screen Analyses
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Table 13.6 Detailed Results of Head Screen Analysis
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Figure 13.7 Head Screen Analysis Showing Cumulative Weight Percent Passing Crush Size (in inches)
In summary, the head screen analysis on the four samples exhibit similar distribution curves. The highest-grade sample IPDD-003 contained the most gold in the finest fraction as compared to the others.
Head analyses for mercury were also conducted utilizing cold vapor/atomic absorption methods. Total copper analyses were conducted utilizing inductively coupled argon plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer (ICAP-OES) as well as by fire assay – atomic adsorption (FA-AA) methods.
The results of the mercury and copper analyses are presented Table 13.7.
Table 13.7 Summary of Mercury and Copper in Sample, KCA 2017 Program
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Head analyses for carbon and sulfur were also conducted utilizing a LECO CS 230 unit. In addition to total carbon and sulfur analyses, speciation for organic and inorganic carbon, and speciation for sulfide and sulfate sulfur, were conducted. The results of the carbon and sulfur analyses are presented in Table 13.8.
Table 13.8 Summary of Carbon and Sulfur Content, KCA 2017 Program
13.4.2.3 | Column Leach Test Work |
The crushed material split out for column test work was blended with lime or agglomerated with cement as necessary and then loaded into a 4-inch diameter plastic column (Figure 13.8). Alkaline cyanide solution was continuously distributed onto the material through Tygon tubing. The flow rate of solution dripping onto the material was controlled with a peristaltic pump to 0.004 to 0.005 gallons per minute per square foot of column surface area.
The solution exiting each leach column was collected in the bottom (floor - PLS) tank. Leach solution was checked each cycle for pH, NaCN, Au and Ag. Copper was checked periodically. The solution was then passed through a bottle of granular activated carbon over a period of 24 hours to extract the gold and silver in solution. After passing through the bottle of activated carbon, the solution was re-assayed for pH, NaCN, Au and Ag. Sodium cyanide was then added, if necessary, to maintain the solution at "target" levels (discussed in the Test History section). The leach solution was then recycled to the material for another 24-hour leach period. Two (2) batches of leach solution were used so that while one batch was applied to each column, the other was run through carbon.
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|
|
Figure 13.8 Flow Sheet for Crushed Material for Column Leach Tests in 4-inch Diameter Plastic Column
Preliminary agglomeration test work was conducted on portions of the crushed material. For the test work, the material was agglomerated with various additions of lime or cement. In the preliminary agglomeration testing, the agglomerated material was placed in a column with no compressive load and then tested for permeability. The purpose of the percolation tests was to examine the permeability of the material under various cement agglomeration levels. The percolation tests were conducted in small (3 inch inside diameter) columns at a range of cement levels with no compressive load applied. Two (2) tests (KCA Test Nos. 77513 F and 77513 J) failed the parameters utilized by KCA due to excessive pellet breakdown. All other tests passed the KCA parameters. However, it should be noted that the IPDD-001, 320.5’ to 469.5’ sample (KCA Sample No. 76585 B) showed overall low pH values. Once the agglomeration test work was complete, it was decided that the IPDD-003, 219.5’ to 422.0’ material should be agglomerated with cement (KCA Test No. 77517). However, a second column was run with the same material without cement agglomeration (KCA Test No. 77565). The flow rates and percent (%) slump observed in the non- agglomerated column were similar to the agglomerated column. A comparison of the drain down values and % slumps of the column leach tests on IPDD-003, 219.5’ to 422.0’ material is presented in Table 13.9.
Table 13.9 Comparison of Drain Down Values and % Slump
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Three (3) column leach tests were conducted utilizing material crushed to 100% passing ⅝ inches (IPDD-001, 320.5’ to 469.5’, IPDD-003, 219.5’ to 422.0 and IPDD-004, 0.0’ to 211.0’). During testing, the material was leached for 46 days with a sodium cyanide solution. Additionally, a column leach test was conducted utilizing material crushed to 100% passing ⅝ inches. During testing, the material was leached for 28 days with a sodium cyanide solution. The material in the column was then washed for 30 days.
The column leach test results exhibited rapid leach kinetics. The highest-grade sample IPD-003 grading 9.3 g/t Au was tested twice, first under agglomeration and then without agglomeration, both results achieved gold recovery of 88% and 89% in 46 and 28 days respectively. Sample IDD-001 grading 1.25 g/t Au and 2.47% sulfide reached a gold recovery of 62% after 46 days. Sample IPDD-004 grading 0.74 g/t Au achieved 76% recovery after 46 days. The results of the column leach test work are presented in Table 13.10 and shown graphically in Figure 13.9.
Table 13.10 Summary Column Leach Test Results, KCA 2017 Program
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Figure 13.9 Column Leach Test Results Showing Cumulative Weight Percent Gold Extracted Over Days of Leach
13.5 | Discussion of Metallurgical Test Gold Recovery Curves |
13.5.1 | Discussion of Bottle Roll Test Gold Recovery Curves |
Table 13.11 is a summary of all bottle roll tests completed on Isabella Pearl mine. These results are presented in Figure 13.10 where it is observed the very strong relationship between gold recovery and nominal particle size that is subjected to cyanidation. The relationship clearly demonstrates that the more work that is done on the mineral resources that is to be leached, i.e. crushing and grinding the greater the fines fraction, the greater the quantity of economic minerals to be liberated the greater the recovery and faster the recovery rate. This may be attributed to their very fine nature of the mineral grains and their encapsulation of gold within silica and weathering or oxidation resistant gangue minerals.
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Table 13.11 Summary of All Bottle Roll Tests Completed on the Isabella Pearl Mine
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Figure 13.10 Summary of Bottle Roll Test Gold Recovery by Particle Size
13.5.2 | Discussion of Column Leach Test Gold Recovery Curves |
All 6 column leach tests performed on core samples from the Isabella Pearl mine are summarized in Table 13.12. The NaCN and Lime Consumption during the column leach tests are summarized in Table 13.13. Figure 13.11 presents column leach gold recovery curves for the 6 column leach tests.
The nature of the fast leach kinetics was recorded on every test, with 80 to 90 percent of total recovery occurring in the first 10 days of leaching.
Table 13.12 Summary of All Column Leach Tests Completed on the Isabella Pearl Mine
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Table 13.13 Summary of NaCN and Lime Consumption for the Column Leach Tests
Figure 13.11 Column Leach Gold Recovery Curves for Column Leach Tests Completed
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13.6 | Process Selection and Design Parameters |
Cyanidation test work (bottle roll and column leach), performed on representative mineral resources, confirms the close relationship between particle size and gold recovery. The greater the fines fraction the higher the gold recovery. The results of all bottle roll and column leach tests performed are summarized by size fraction and presented in Tables 13.14 and 13.15 below.
Table 13.14 Bottle Roll Gold Recovery Estimate by Size Range
Table 13.15 Column Leach Gold Recovery Estimation by Size Range
Interpreting these results, it was observed that:
· | A high level of gold recovery (plus 90 percent) could be achieved using a grinding and milling process. The capital cost and economics of milling, however, is prohibitive given the limited amount of mineral resources, leaving the most viable option to be a heap leach process with a carbon absorption/desorption and electrowinning given low silver to gold ratio. |
· | There exists a marked increase in gold recovery by decreasing the average size fraction of the mineral resources. Review of the combined gold recovery by bottle roll and column leach testing, determined that sizing the material to a p100 of 5/8 inch could reasonably expect a 25% increase in gold recovery (60 to 85%) over ROM size material. The tradeoff of the extra cost of crushing to gold recovery is explained in Section 17 of this document. |
Based on the metallurgical test work completed, the recoveries presented in Table 13.16 are being used for the mine. Total gold recovery is expected over a four-month period. Considering the economic parameters used in the feasibility study, mineral resources above 0.61 g/t Au are currently being crushed to P80 of 5/8 inch and material between 0.44 and 0.61 g/t Au is being sent to a low-grade stockpile for either future crushing or direct placement on the heap as ROM. Total predicted gold recovery is 81% for crushed and 60 % for ROM material.
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Table 13.16 Gold Recovery Estimate
Cyanide consumption is expected to average 0.75 kg/t (1.50 lb/ton) of leach material and lime consumption is estimated to average 3.0 kg/t (6.0 lb/ton) of leach material (Table 13.17).
Table 13.17 NaCN and Lime Consumption
Material |
Gold
Recovery |
NaCN
Consumption |
Lime
Consumption |
ROM | 60 % | 0.75 kg/t | 6.0 kg/t |
5/8 Crush | 81 % | 0.75 kg/t | 6.0 kg/t |
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14 | MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATE |
14.1 | Introduction |
On October 31, 2018, the SEC announced that it was adopting amendments to modernize the property disclosure requirements for mining registrants, and related guidance, under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (SEC, 2018a, 2018b). Under the New Rules, a registrant with material mining operations must disclose specified information in Securities Act and Exchange Act filings concerning its Mineral Resources, in addition to its Mineral Reserves. The New Rules provide a two-year transition period so that a registrant will not be required to begin to comply with the new rules until its first fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2021. The SEC states that a registrant may voluntarily comply with the new rules prior to the compliance date, subject to the SEC’s completion of necessary EDGAR reprogramming changes. WLMC has decided to adopt the New Rules for SEC reporting purposes in 2021 as required.
The modeling and estimation of Mineral Resources presented herein is based on technical data and information available as of December 31, 2019. WLMC models and estimates Mineral Resources from available technical information prior to the generation of Mineral Reserves.
The modeling and Mineral Resource estimation work reported herein was mainly carried out by Fred H. Brown, P.Geo., a Qualified Person by reason of education, affiliation with a professional association and past relevant work experience as described in Section 2.2. Mr. Brown is employed as a Senior Resource Geologist by GRCN and is not independent of WLMC.
Modeling and estimation of mineral resources were carried out using the commercially available Maptek Vulcan software program, version 12.
Any statements and opinions expressed in this document are given in good faith and in the belief that such statements and opinions are not false and misleading as of the effective date of this report.
14.2 | Mineral Resource Definitions |
The SEC is adopting the Combined Reserves International Reporting Standards Committee (CRIRSCO) framework for reporting Mineral Resources (Miskelly, 2003). According to CRIRSCO, a Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of material of intrinsic economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust (a deposit) in such form, grade or quality, and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge. Mineral Resources are sub-divided, in order of increasing geological confidence, into Inferred, Indicated and Measured categories. Portions of a deposit that do not have reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction must not be included in a Mineral Resource.
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Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no guarantee that all or any part of the mineral resource will be converted into mineral reserve. Confidence in the estimate of Inferred Mineral Resources is insufficient to allow the meaningful application of technical and economic parameters.
14.2.1 | Inferred Mineral Resource |
An Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a low level of confidence. It is inferred from geological evidence and assumed but not verified geological and/or grade continuity. It is based on information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes which is limited or of uncertain quality and/or reliability. An Inferred Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to an Indicated Mineral Resource.
14.2.2 | Indicated Mineral Resource |
An Indicated Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a reasonable level of confidence. It is based on exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings, and drill holes. The locations are too widely or inappropriately spaced to confirm geological continuity and/or grade continuity but are spaced closely enough for continuity to be assumed. An Indicated Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to a Measured Mineral Resource but has a higher level of confidence than that applying to an Inferred Mineral Resource.
14.2.3 | Measured Mineral Resource |
A Measured Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a high level of confidence. It is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings, and drill holes. The locations are spaced closely enough to confirm geological and/or grade continuity.
14.3 | Database |
Mineral Resources described in this report are gold and silver bearing material that has been physically delineated by one or more of a number of methods including drilling and surface mapping and other types of sampling. This material has been found to contain a sufficient amount of mineralization of an average grade to have potential that warrants further exploration evaluation. This material is reported
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as Mineral Resources only if the potential exists for reclassification into the Mineral Reserves category. Mineral Resources cannot be classified in the Mineral Reserves category until technical, economic and legal factors have been evaluated.
The modeling and estimation reported herein utilized the drill hole database compiled by WLMC. Drill holes with assay samples within the immediate mine area were imported into a Maptek Vulcan database. The extracted drill hole database contains 379 unique collar records (Figure 14.1) and 21,055 assay records, broken down by drilling type as:
· | AT: 6 drill holes for 82.0 m (269 ft) |
· | RC: 333 drill holes for 32,360.6 m (106,170 ft) |
· | DDH: 36 drill holes for 3,564.5 m (11,695 ft) |
Industry standard validation checks of the database were carried out with minor corrections made where necessary. The database was interrogated for inconsistencies in naming conventions or analytical units, duplicate entries, interval, length or distance values less than or equal to zero, blank or zero-value assay results, out-of-sequence intervals, intervals or distances greater than the reported drill hole length, inappropriate collar locations, and missing interval and coordinate fields. No significant discrepancies with the data were noted.
14.3.1 | Drill Data |
Drill hole distance units are reported in meters and grade units are reported as ppm. The collar coordinates were provided in the WGS 1984 UTM Zone 11N coordinate system.
The average minimum collar distance within the mine area is 19.7 m (65 ft). Summary assay statistics were tabulated for the assay data (Table 14.1).
Figure 14.1 Isometric View Looking North at Mine Drill Holes
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Table 14.1 Summary Assay Statistics
Assay Data | Length m | Au ppm | Ag ppm |
Mean | 1.536 | 0.37 | 3.39 |
Median | 1.524 | 0.007 | 0.2 |
Mode | 1.524 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
Standard Deviation | 0.198 | 2.31 | 21.77 |
CoV | 7.74 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
Minimum | 0.609 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
Maximum | 7.925 | 106.5 | 1214.1 |
Count | 21,055 | 21,055 | 20,597 |
14.4 | Bulk Density |
MDA reported an average bulk density value of 2.20 tonnes per cubic meter (tonnage factor 14.6) for oxidized units and 2.40 tonnes per cubic meter (tonnage factor 13.4) for non-oxidized units (Prenn & Gustin, 2013).
A total of 38 bulk density measurements were collected by HB Engineering from TXAU geotechnical DDH core, with values ranging from 1.58 tonnes per cubic meter (tonnage factor 20.5) to 3.20 tonnes per cubic meter (tonnage factor 10.0), with a median of 2.21 tonnes per cubic meter (tonnage factor 14.5) and an average value of 2.20 tonnes per cubic meter (tonnage factor 14.6). For the current update a conservative bulk density of 2.20 tonnes per cubic meter (tonnage factor 14.6) was assigned to the model for all units.
RQD data collected by HB Engineering from TXAU geotechnical DDH drill holes also suggests the presence of multiple zones of poor recovery, fractures and voids (Figure 14.2). An additional factor may be required to accommodate the presence of voids and fractured rocks.
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Figure 14.2 Plot of RQD vs. Elevation
14.5 | Wireframe Modeling |
14.5.1 | Topography |
A topographic model covering portions of Isabella Pearl was created by WLMC staff using aerial photogrammetry collected on December 31, 2019. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) collected 1,352 high resolution aerial photographs over the Isabella Pearl active pit and Scarlet areas at a nominal elevation of 106 m above ground level (AGL) (Figure 14.3) and a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 1.33-inches per pixel. Cloud based processing was used to generate a high resolution orthomosaic, 3D reconstruction, a dense point cloud, and a digital elevation model (DEM). The point cloud was converted to a 3D topographic surface for modeling.
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Figure 14.3 Aerial Photometry with Ground Control Points
On board the UAV global navigation satellite system (GNSS) an electronic compass, barometric sensor, and inertial measurement unit (IMU) were used to estimate photograph geolocation. Surveyed ground control points (GCP) were used for indirect georeferencing to WGS84. Table 14.2 lists the GCP geolocation errors.
Table 14.2 GCP Geolocation Errors
GCP | X Error (in) | Y Error (in) | Z Error (in) |
GCP1023 | 0.3228 | 0.0748 | 0.689 |
GCP1029 | -0.1299 | 0.4213 | -0.3031 |
GCP1028 | 0.0315 | -0.3976 | 0.1378 |
GCP1025 | 0.0472 | 0.2913 | -0.0157 |
GCP1027 | -0.1575 | -0.5906 | -0.6535 |
GCP1026 | -0.2283 | 0.4449 | -0.2559 |
DDH1 | -0.2559 | 0.2165 | 0.3386 |
DDH2 | -0.1535 | -0.3465 | -0.1024 |
DDH3 | 0.0669 | 0.2598 | 0.3071 |
DDH4 | 0.3228 | -0.1181 | -0.1575 |
DDH5 | 0.1339 | -0.248 | 0.0118 |
Total RMSE | 0.1947 | 0.3415 | 0.3468 |
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14.5.2 | Gridded Surfaces |
Gridded surfaces were developed for a water, oxidation floor and lower granite contact based on logged water and lithology contacts (Figure 14.4).
14.5.3 | Mineralization Envelopes |
A number of geological structures directly influence the Isabella Pearl mineralization. Vein solids and fault traces were digitized and imported into Vulcan software. Three-dimensional surfaces of the Pearl and Civit Cat faults, which separate the Mickey Pass Tuff and granitic basement, were created using the digitized fault traces and lithologic drill-hole data. The Civit Cat North, Isabella, Scarlet South and Pearl domains were modeled based on nominal 0.30 g/t Au (0.009 opst) grade shells using close spaced polygons snapped directly to drill hole assay intervals. In order to maintain zonal consistency, lower grade assay intervals were incorporated into the modeled domains where appropriate. The interpreted polygons were then consolidated into three-dimensional triangulated wireframes, which were clipped to the updated topographic surface. Modeling of the Isabella domain also incorporated blasthole results and geological features exposed during mining, and the Pearl domain has been split into a lower grade “Vein” and higher grade “Main” sub-domain. The resulting mineralization domains were used to back-tag assay and composite intervals and provide reasonable volume constraints (Figure 14.5).
Figure 14.4 Isometric View Looking North Showing Oxide Base (blue) and Granite (orange) Contacts
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Figure 14.5 Isometric View Looking North of Pearl (red), Civit Cat North (green), Isabella (blue) and Scarlet South (brown) Mineralization Domains
14.6 | Compositing |
The average length of assays intervals within the defined mineralization domains is 1.540 m (5.05 ft), with a mode of 1.524 m (5.00 ft) and a median length of 1.524 m (5.00 ft). A total of 95% of the constrained assays are 1.524 m (5.00 ft) in length (Figure 14.6). Assays were therefore composited to 1.524 m (5.00 ft) within the defined domains. Residual composite lengths less than 0.762 m (2.50 ft) were merged with the adjacent interval. A small number of missing intervals were treated as nulls.
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Figure 14.6 Dot Plot of Constrained Assay Sample Lengths
14.7 | Exploratory Data Analysis |
Summary statistics were calculated for the composite sample populations (Table 14.3). The Civit Cat North and Isabella sample populations demonstrate similar gold distributions as compared to the higher-grade Pearl mineralization. The highest average silver grade also occurs in the Pearl domain, followed by the Civit Cat North mineralization and the Isabella mineralization (Figure 14.7).
The correlation between gold and silver composite grades was also examined for each sample population. The Civit Cat North displays a moderate level of correlation with a Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (PCC) of 0.352, while the Isabella displays a lower level of correlation with a PCC of 0.254. The Pearl (PE) Main displays a PCC of 0.224, and the PE Veins domain displays a PCC of 0.131. There are insufficient samples at this time to determine the correlation at Scarlet South.
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Table 14.3 Constrained Composite Statistics
Au | Civit Cat North | Isabella | Pearl | Pearl Veins | Scarlet South |
Mean | 0.68 | 0.54 | 4.82 | 1.12 | 0.71 |
St Dev | 0.67 | 0.79 | 8.73 | 2.58 | 0.87 |
CV | 0.99 | 1.47 | 1.81 | 2.29 | 1.22 |
Median | 0.54 | 0.31 | 1.96 | 0.45 | 0.51 |
Minimum | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.027 |
Maximum | 5.78 | 12.62 | 92.16 | 29.25 | 7.65 |
Count | 250 | 2415 | 1155 | 436 | 110 |
Ag | Civit Cat | Isabella | Pearl | Pearl Veins | Scarlet |
Mean | 8.05 | 2.31 | 37.51 | 6.89 | 3.01 |
St Dev | 16.54 | 9.10 | 82.45 | 14.73 | 6.08 |
CV | 2.05 | 3.94 | 2.20 | 2.14 | 2.02 |
Median | 3.83 | 0.80 | 10.39 | 2.10 | 1.30 |
Minimum | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.05 |
Maximum | 147.79 | 411.40 | 1214.10 | 129.89 | 51.30 |
Count | 250 | 2415 | 1155 | 436 | 110 |
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Figure 14.7 Log-Probability Plots of Au and Ag Composites
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The gold sample distributions for RC and DDH composites were also examined for evidence of bias in the Isabella and Pearl mineralization domains. The results suggest that RC drilling has in general slightly undervalued the DDH (DH) drilling at Pearl (Figure 14.8), which may be due in part to the observed clustering of DDH drilling in the vicinity of the high-grade portion of the Pearl domain.
Figure 14.8 RC vs. DDH Drilling Results
A single true twin is available for grade comparison and analysis: IC-145 (a vertical RC drill hole) and IP-DD-002 (a vertical DDH). The separation between collars is 5.97 m (19.58 ft). Both drill holes penetrate the center of the Pearl domain.
Visual comparison of the composite grades between the two drill holes suggests the presence of localized downhole contamination below the oxide base, with elevated grades observed in the RC drill hole compared to the DDH drill hole (Figure 14.9). Potential contamination in RC drill holes appears to be limited to beneath the oxide base; in order to accommodate for a potential bias during estimation more restrictive estimation constraints were imposed on the Pearl model.
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Figure 14.9 Twin Hole Au Assay Grade Comparison
14.8 | Treatment of Extreme Values |
The potential influence of extreme values during estimation was evaluated by grade capping analysis on the tagged and composited grade intervals in order. The presence of high-grade outliers was identified by disintegration analysis of the upper tails and examination of histograms and log-probability plots (Figure 14.10). Composite grades were reduced to the selected threshold prior to estimation. The Pearl capping threshold was then iteratively refined in order to minimize the relative difference between the resulting average Nearest Neighbor model and block grade estimates (Table 14.4). For the Pearl deposit an additional range restriction of 40 m (131 ft) was placed on composites equal to or greater than 50% of the capping threshold.
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Figure 14.10 Log-Probability Plots of Composite Capping Thresholds
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Table 14.4 Capping Thresholds
Au | Ag | |||||||
Cap g/t |
Number
Capped |
Capped
Mean |
Percent
Contribution |
Cap g/t |
Number
Capped |
Capped
Mean |
Percent
Contribution |
|
Civit Cat North | 4 | 2 | 0.67 | 1% | 100 | 2 | 7.8 | 3% |
Isabella | 10 | 2 | 0.54 | 0% | 100 | 1 | 2.2 | 6% |
Pearl Main | 50 | 11 | 4.67 | 3% | 250 | 15 | 33.9 | 11% |
Pearl Veins | 10 | 4 | 1.00 | 12% | 100 | 2 | 6.8 | 2% |
Scarlet South | 2 | 4 | 0.64 | 12% | 100 | 0 | 3.0 | 0% |
14.9 | Continuity Analysis |
Continuity analysis was carried out on normal-score transformed variograms using composited grade intervals (Table 14.5). Only poorly defined experimental semi-variograms could be developed, but the variograms do provide information relevant to the definition of search ranges, anisotropy, and classification.
Table 14.5 Experimental Semi-Variograms and Modeled Rotations
Domain | Au | Ag |
Civit Cat North |
0.15 + 0.85 SPH (130, 130, 30) 235° -45° 180° |
0.40 + 0.60 SPH (130, 130, 30) 235° -45° 180° |
Isabella |
0.10 +0.90 SPH (120,120,30) 25° -15° 0° |
0.40 + 0.60 SPH (120,120,30) 25° -15° 0° |
Pearl |
0.13 + 0.87 SPH (70, 60, 25) 45° -35° 0° |
0.13 + 0.87 SPH (70, 60, 25) 45° -35° 0° |
Pearl Veins |
0.20 + 0.80 SPH (100, 80, 20) 55° -50° 0° |
0.20 + 0.80 SPH (100, 100, 20) 55° -50° 0° |
Scarlet South | NA | NA |
14.10 | Block Model |
A rotated block model was established across the mine with the block model limits selected so as to cover the extent of the mineral resources and accommodate a potential pit shell (Table 14.6). A parent block size of 5.0 m x 5.0 m x 6.0 m (16.4 ft x 16.4 ft x 19.7 ft) was selected as representative of the pit shell configuration and selective mining unit.
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Table 14.6 Block Model Setup
Origin | Offset | Block Size | Sub-Cell | |
X | 396588.043 | 1440 | 5 | 0.5 |
Y | 4273320.014 | 850 | 5 | 0.5 |
Z | 1400.000 | 420 | 6 | 0.5 |
Rotation | 125 degrees |
The block model contains variables for Au and Ag grade estimation, bulk density, classification, drill hole spacing and oxidation state. The modeled oxide floor was used to code blocks as either oxide or sulfide.
14.11 | Estimation and Classification |
Inverse Distance Cubed (“ID3”), Ordinary Kriging (“OK”) and Nearest Neighbor (“NN”) estimates were carried out using capped composites. A minimum of three and a maximum of twelve composites were used for estimation, within a search ellipsoid oriented parallel with each defined structure and extending 120 m (394 ft) x 120 m (394 ft) x 30 m (98 ft). The major and semi-major axes approximate the average strike and dip directions of the mineralization in each of the three estimation areas. Based on preliminary mining results and analysis of blasthole grades, the orientation of the Isabella search ellipse was adjusted to impart a slight anisotropy with the principle axis oriented 040 degrees. Both gold and silver were modeled and estimated.
In order to provide a whole block estimate suitable for open pit mine planning and reserve reporting, the block model was regularized after estimation to a 5.0 m (16.4 ft) x 5.0 m (16.4 ft) x 6.0 m (19.7 ft) whole block estimate by volume percent and diluted at zero grade. Due to the poor quality of the variograms the whole block diluted Inverse Distance Cubed estimates were used for reserve conversion.
Classification parameters were derived from the original MDA criteria (Prenn & Gustin, 2013). The most relevant factors used in the classification process were:
• | Drill hole spacing density |
• | Level of confidence in the geological interpretation |
• | Observed continuity of mineralization |
• | Direct proximity to a drill hole |
Parent blocks were classified algorithmically by drill hole spacing geometry as follows:
• | A block within 15.0 m (49.0 ft) of a 2008 series DDH drill hole, or the IP-DD-002 DDH drill hole, was classified as a Measured mineral resource. Only blocks within the modeled Pearl domain were classified as Measured mineral resources. |
• | A block was classified as an Indicated mineral resource if five or more composites from at least two drill holes were used for estimation and the nearest composite was within 25.0 m (82.0 ft). |
• | All other estimated blocks are classified as Inferred. |
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An example of a typical cross section showing the drill hole data and modeled mineral-domain envelopes in the most strongly mineralized portions of the Isabella, Pearl and Civit Cat deposits is in Figure 14.11.
WLMC is not aware of any environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-economic, marketing, political, or other issues that could materially affect the estimation of mineral resources at Isabella Pearl.
Figure 14.11 Typical Cross-Section Looking NW Showing Gold Grades (g/t) and Classification
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14.12 | Mineral Resource Estimate |
A Measured Mineral Resource is that part of a mineral resource for which quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of conclusive geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological certainty associated with a Measured Mineral Resource is sufficient to allow a qualified person to apply modifying factors in sufficient detail to support detailed mine planning and final evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. A Measured Mineral Resource has a higher level of confidence than the level of confidence of either an Indicated Mineral Resource or an Inferred Mineral Resource. It may be converted to a Proven Mineral Reserve or to a Probable Mineral Reserve.
An Indicated Mineral Resource is that part of a mineral resource for which quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of adequate geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological certainty associated with an Indicated Mineral Resource is sufficient to allow a qualified person to apply modifying factors in sufficient detail to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. An Indicated Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than the level of confidence of a Measured Mineral Resource and may only be converted to a Probable Mineral Reserve.
An Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a mineral resource for which quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of limited geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological uncertainty associated with an Inferred Mineral Resource is too high to apply relevant technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospects of economic extraction in a manner useful for evaluation of economic viability. An Inferred Mineral Resource has the lowest level of geological confidence of all mineral resources, which prevents the application of the modifying factors in a manner useful for evaluation of economic viability. An Inferred Mineral Resource, therefore, may not be converted to a mineral reserve.
Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no guarantee that all or any part of the mineral resource will be converted into mineral reserve. Confidence in the estimate of Inferred Mineral Resources is insufficient to allow the meaningful application of technical and economic parameters.
WLMC models and estimates mineral resources prior to establishing mineral reserves. Mineral resources at Isabella Pearl is further defined by WLMC as mineral resources within a constraining pit shell and above a defined cutoff value. Mineral resources reported herein has been constrained within a Lerchs-Grossman optimized pit shell and is reported at a cutoff grade of 0.44 g/t Au (0.013 opst), derived from the unit costs and recoveries listed in Table 14.7. The gold price is based on the three-year trailing average.
Measured and Indicated mineral resources reported for Isabella Pearl contain 2.25 million tonnes (2.48 million short tons) of material at an average gold grade of 3.05 g/t Au (0.089 opst) and 18 g/t Ag (0.529 opst) (Table 14.8).
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Table 14.7 Mineral Resources Cutoff Calculation
Description | Unit | Value | ||
Gold Price | $/oz | 1,306 | ||
Charges | % | 0.075 | ||
Royalty | % | 3.000 | ||
Selling Cost | $/oz | 40.2 | ||
Costs | Crushed | ROM | Waste | |
Mining | $/t | 2.76 | 2.99 | 2.83 |
Rehandling | $/t | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
Crushing | $/t | 3.03 | - | - |
Processing | $/t | 5.96 | 5.96 | - |
G&A and Energy | $/t | 5.26 | 5.26 | - |
Rehabilitation | $/t | - | - | 0.70 |
Processing Recovery | 81.0% | 60.0% | 0.0% |
Table 14.8 Mineral Resource Inventory for the Isabella Pearl Deposit, Mineral County, Nevada, USA (as of December 31, 20191 2 3 4 5))
Class | Tonnes | Short Tons | Au (g/t) | Au (opst) | Ag (g/t) | Ag (opst) |
Measured | 893,300 | 984,700 | 5.39 | 0.157 | 34.7 | 1.013 |
Indicated | 1,354,100 | 1,492,600 | 1.50 | 0.044 | 7.2 | 0.210 |
Meas + Ind | 2,247,400 | 2,477,300 | 3.05 | 0.089 | 18.1 | 0.529 |
Inferred | 497,100 | 548,000 | 1.41 | 0.041 | 6.2 | 0.181 |
1. | Reported at a cutoff of 0.44 Au g/t (0.013 Au opst). |
2. | Whole block diluted estimates reported within an optimized pit shell. |
3. | Mineral resources do not have demonstrated economic viability. |
4. | Totals may not sum exactly due to rounding. |
5. | Mineral Resources reported are inclusive of reserves. |
The mining method is by open pit extraction and all Measured and Indicated mineral resources within the design pit shell and above cutoff have been converted to mineral reserves.
All refractory sulfide mineralization is treated as waste for the Isabella Pearl estimate of mineral resources. In addition, the bottom of the optimized pit shell will not go below the water table.
14.13 | Mineral Resource Estimate Sensitivity |
The sensitivity of the mineral resources inventory to changes in cutoff grade was also examined by summarizing tonnes and grade within the pit shell at varying cutoff grades (Table 14.9). The results suggest that the mineral resource estimate is relatively insensitive to changes in cutoff grade.
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Table 14.9 Cutoff Grade Sensitivity for the Isabella Pearl Deposit
Measured | ||||||
Cutoff (g/t) | Tonnes | Short Tons | Au (g/t) | Au (opst) | Ag (g/t) | Ag (opst) |
0.30 | 921,500 | 1,015,800 | 5.24 | 0.153 | 33.8 | 0.987 |
0.40 | 902,100 | 994,400 | 5.34 | 0.156 | 34.5 | 1.006 |
0.44 | 893,300 | 984,700 | 5.39 | 0.157 | 34.7 | 1.015 |
0.50 | 881,800 | 972,000 | 5.45 | 0.159 | 35.1 | 1.026 |
0.60 | 862,800 | 951,100 | 5.56 | 0.162 | 35.8 | 1.045 |
Indicated | ||||||
Cutoff (g/t) | Tonnes | Short Tons | Au (g/t) | Au (opst) | Ag (g/t) | Ag (opst) |
0.30 | 1,851,700 | 2,041,100 | 1.19 | 0.035 | 5.6 | 0.164 |
0.40 | 1,482,700 | 1,634,400 | 1.41 | 0.041 | 6.7 | 0.195 |
0.44 | 1,354,100 | 1,492,600 | 1.50 | 0.044 | 7.2 | 0.210 |
0.50 | 1,222,200 | 1,347,200 | 1.61 | 0.047 | 7.8 | 0.227 |
0.60 | 995,200 | 1,097,000 | 1.86 | 0.054 | 9.1 | 0.265 |
Measured and Indicated | ||||||
Cutoff (g/t) | Tonnes | Short Tons | Au (g/t) | Au (opst) | Ag (g/t) | Ag (opst) |
0.30 | 2,773,200 | 3,056,900 | 2.54 | 0.074 | 15.0 | 0.437 |
0.40 | 2,384,700 | 2,628,800 | 2.90 | 0.085 | 17.2 | 0.502 |
0.44 | 2,247,400 | 2,477,300 | 3.05 | 0.089 | 18.1 | 0.530 |
0.50 | 2,104,000 | 2,319,200 | 3.22 | 0.094 | 19.2 | 0.562 |
0.60 | 1,858,000 | 2,048,100 | 3.58 | 0.105 | 21.5 | 0.627 |
14.14 | Opinion on Adequacy |
WLMC considers that the WLMC 2016 -2019 drilling program results meet industry standards for drilling and QA/QC measures. WLMC also considers that the historical drilling results have been reviewed and confirmed in sufficient detail to permit the generation of Measured and Indicated mineral resource estimates, and that sufficient technical information is available to convert mineral resources to Proven and Probable mineral reserves.
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14.15 | Validation |
The undiluted block model was validated visually by the inspection of successive section lines in order to confirm that the block models correctly reflect the distribution of high-grade and low-grade assay values. Cross sections showing block grade distribution and classification of mineral resources are in Appendix C.
The undiluted block model estimates were checked for global bias by comparing the average metal grades to nearest neighbor model means (Table 14.10). A nearest neighbor estimator produces a theoretically unbiased estimate of the average value when no cutoff grade is imposed and is a reasonable basis for checking the performance of different estimation methods (typically the target comparison should be less than 5%).
· | For Civit Cat North, global gold kriged grades averaged 1% higher than the Nearest Neighbor values and ID3 grades averaged within 1% of the Nearest Neighbor values. |
· | For Isabella, global gold kriged grades averaged 4% lower than the Nearest Neighbor values and ID3 grades averaged within 1% of the Nearest Neighbor values. |
· | For Pearl Veins, global gold kriged grades averaged 1% higher than the Nearest Neighbor values and ID3 grades averaged within 1% of the Nearest Neighbor values. |
· | For Pearl Main, global gold kriged grades averaged within 1% of the the Nearest Neighbor values and ID3 grades averaged 4% higher than the Nearest Neighbor values. |
Table 14.10 Validation Statistics
Civit Cat North | Isabella | Pearl Veins | Pearl Main | |
Au Uncapped Composite Mean (g/t) | 0.68 | 0.54 | 1.12 | 4.82 |
Au ID3 Block Mean (g/t) | 0.72 | 0.50 | 0.84 | 3.53 |
Au OK Block Mean (g/t) | 0.73 | 0.48 | 0.85 | 3.41 |
Au NN Block Mean(g/t) | 0.72 | 0.50 | 0.84 | 3.41 |
Ag Uncapped Composite Mean (g/t) | 8.1 | 2.3 | 6.9 | 37.6 |
Ag ID3 Block Mean (g/t) | 10.7 | 1.6 | 7.8 | 32.8 |
Ag OK Block Mean (g/t) | 10.4 | 1.6 | 8.2 | 32.4 |
Ag NN Block Mean (g/t) | 13.2 | 1.7 | 7.9 | 31.8 |
Swath plots were also generated as a check on potential local trends of the block estimates (Figure 14.12). This was done by plotting the mean values (with no cutoff) from the Nearest Neighbor average grade versus the average ID3 estimated grades in horizontal swaths aligned with the block model. The results demonstrate the trends are behaving within acceptable limits and indicate no significant abnormal trends in the estimates.
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Figure 14.12 Au Swath Plots
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14.16 | Risk Factors |
Relevant factors which may affect the estimation of mineral resources include changes to the geological, geotechnical and geometallurgical models, infill drilling to convert material to a higher classification, drilling to test for extensions to known mineral resources, collection of additional bulk density data and significant changes to commodity prices. It should be noted that these and other factors pose potential risks and opportunities, of greater or lesser degree, to the estimate as the model is based on currently available data. Risks associated with key estimation parameters are tabulated in Table 14.11.
Table 14.11 Estimation Risk Factors
Category | Description | Risk | Potential for Adverse Impact |
Database | Database Integrity | Assay database is compiled from historical data. | Very Low |
Drilling | Technique | 6 AT drill holes included in estimate. | Low |
Drilling | Technique | Infill drilling and mining have confirmed the model. | Low |
Drilling | Contamination | Infill drilling and mining have confirmed the model. | Low |
Drilling | Logging | Infill drilling and mining have confirmed the model. | Low |
Drilling | Recovery | RQD results show a wide range of recoveries, which may bias assay grades. | Moderate |
Drilling | Data Density | Drill hole spacing is ~ 19 m. | Low |
Drilling | Survey | Only 10% of drill holes have downhole surveys. | Low |
Geology | Geological Interpretation | Based on drill holes and field mapping. | Low |
Geology | Oxide Base | WLMC has completed targeted drilling to determine the base of the oxide zone | Low |
Geology | Oxide Zone | CN leach assays have quantified the impact of transitional material. | Low |
Model | Estimation | ID3 is used for estimation. | Very Low |
Model | Bulk Density | Significant voids may reduce recoverable tonnage. SG is not well constrained. | Moderate |
Model | Grade Continuity | Infill drilling and mining have confirmed the model. | Low |
Model | Economics | Reasonable cutoff grades have been applied. | Low |
Sampling | Predominantly 1.52 m (5 ft) samples | Sample size is based on RC drilling intervals. | Very Low |
Sampling | Quality of assay data | WLMC has relied on MDA for quality assessment of historical data. | Low |
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15 | MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATE |
15.1 | Introduction |
The Mineral Reserve estimates presented herein were prepared according to the requirements for calculation of Mineral Reserves as contained in Guide 7 (SEC, 2018 a, b).
The mineral reserve estimate for the Isabella Pearl mine is based on technical data and information available, mainly results of drill hole sampling, as of December 31, 2019. The current mineral reserve estimate was prepared by the QPs described in Section 2.2.
15.2 | Mineral Reserve Definitions |
The SEC is adopting the Combined Reserves International Reporting Standards Committee (CRIRSCO) framework of applying modifying factors to indicated or measured mineral resources in order to convert them to mineral reserves (Miskelly, 2003). According to CRIRSCO, a Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured or Indicated Mineral Resource. It includes diluting materials and allowances for losses which may occur when the material is mined. Appropriate assessments, which may include feasibility studies, have been carried out and include consideration of and modification by realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors. These assessments demonstrate at the time of reporting that extraction is reasonably justified. Mineral Reserves are subdivided in order of increasing confidence into Probable Mineral Reserves and Proven Mineral Reserves.
15.2.1 | Probable Mineral Reserve |
A Probable Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of an Indicated and, in some circumstances, Measured Mineral Resource. It includes diluting materials and allowances for losses which may occur when the material is mined. Appropriate assessments, which may include feasibility studies, have been carried out and include considerations of and modifications by realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors. These assessments demonstrate at the time of reporting that extraction is reasonably justified. A Probable Mineral Reserve has a lower level of confidence than a Proven Mineral Reserve.
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15.2.2 | Proven Mineral Reserve |
A Proven Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measure Mineral Resource. It includes diluting materials and allowances for losses which may occur when the material is mined. Appropriate assessments, which may include feasibility studies, have been carried out and include consideration of and modification by realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors. These assessments demonstrate at the time of reporting that extraction is reasonably justified.
15.3 | Previous Mineral Reserve Estimates |
A previous estimate of Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves was released by WLMC with an effective date of December 31, 2018 (Table 15.1); previous mineral reserves were based on a gold price of $1,258/oz Au. Mineral Reserves stated in the table below are contained within and engineered pit design following the $1,080/oz Au sales price Lerchs-Grossman pit.
Table 15.1 Mineral Reserve Statement Isabella Pearl Mine, Mineral County, Nevada, as of December 31, 2018
Class | Tonnes |
Short Tons |
Au (g/t) |
Au (opst) |
Ag (g/t) |
Ag (opst) |
Au (oz) |
Ag (oz) |
Proven | 720,000 | 793,000 | 5.65 | 0.165 | 35 | 1.010 | 130,700 | 801,600 |
Probable | 2,215,000 | 2,441,000 | 1.18 | 0.034 | 5 | 0.154 | 84,100 | 375,100 |
Proven & Probable | 2,934,000 | 3,235,000 | 2.28 | 0.066 | 12 | 0.364 | 214,800 | 1,176,700 |
15.4 | Mineral Reserve Estimation |
The conversion of mineral resources to mineral reserves required accumulative knowledge achieved through Lerchs-Grossmann (LG) pit optimization, detailed pit design, scheduling and associated modifying parameters. Detailed access, haulage, and operational cost criteria were applied in this process for each deposit (Isabella, Pearl and Civit Cat North). The mine was built in metric units and all metal grades are g/t.
The orientation, proximity to the topographic surface, and geological controls of the Isabella Pearl mineralization support mining of the mineral reserves with open pit mining techniques. To calculate the mineable reserve, pits were designed following an optimized LG pit based on a $1,306/oz Au sales price. This price was chosen to create the primary guide surface based on a price sensitivity and subsequent profitability study that showed that the $1,306 pit maximized profitability while reducing capital requirements. The quantities of material within the designed pits were calculated using a cutoff grade of 0.44 g/t Au which is based on the three-year trailing average $1,306/oz Au sales price observed at the time of this mineral reserve reporting.
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15.5 | Mineral Reserve Estimate |
The Isabella Pearl mine open pit Mineral Reserve Statement with an effective date of December 31, 2019 is presented in Table 15.2
The Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves reported for Isabella Pearl contain 2.25 million tonnes (2.48 million short tons) (Table 15.2) at an average gold grade of 3.05 g/t Au (0.089 opst) and 18 g/t Ag (0.529 opst). The mine mineral reserves are based on a gold price of $1,306/oz Au. Mineral Reserves stated in the table below are contained within and engineered pit design following the $1,306/oz Au sales price Lerchs-Grossman pit.
Table 15.2 Mineral Reserve Statement for the Isabella Pearl Deposit, Mineral County, Nevada, as of December 31, 20191 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Class | Tonnes |
Short Tons |
Au (g/t) |
Au (opst) |
Ag (g/t) |
Ag (opst) |
Au (oz) |
Ag (oz) |
Proven | 893,300 | 984,700 | 5.39 | 0.157 | 35 | 1.013 | 154,800 | 998,000 |
Probable | 1,354,100 | 1,492,600 | 1.50 | 0.044 | 7 | 0.210 | 65,300 | 312,700 |
Proven & Probable | 2,247,400 | 2,477,300 | 3.05 | 0.089 | 18 | 0.529 | 220,100 | 1,310,700 |
1. | Metal prices used for P&P reserves were $1,306 per ounce of gold and $16.32 per ounce of silver. These prices reflect the three-year trailing average prices for gold and silver. |
2. | The quantities of material within the designed pits were calculated using a cutoff grade of 0.44 Au g/t. |
3. | Mining, processing, energy, administrative and smelting/refining costs were based on 2019 actual costs for the Isabella Pearl mine. |
4. | Metallurgical gold recovery assumptions used were 81% for Crushed ore and 60% for ROM ore. These recoveries reflect predicted average recoveries from metallurgical test programs. |
5. | P&P reserves are diluted and factored for expected mining recovery. |
6. | Figures in tables are rounded to reflect estimate precision and small differences generated by rounding are not material to estimates |
7. | 100% of the pit constrained Measured & Indicated mineral resources were converted to reserves. |
15.6 | Conversion of Mineral Resource to Mineral Reserve |
15.6.1 | Dilution |
The block model created and used for the estimation of reserves explicitly models dilution. The minimum mining unit is a 5m x 5m x 6m (vertical) block and the Au grade of economically mineralized zones is diluted accordingly to the amount of uneconomic material present within each block.
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15.6.2 | Cutoff Grade |
In 2018, based on the estimated costs at the time, a gold cut-off grade of 0.38 g/t was defined for ROM and 0.44 g/t for Crushed. The cut-over grade was calculated at 0.61 g/t. The Cut-Over is the grade at which it is better to start crushing the material as the benefit of the extra gold recovered more than compensates the added cost of crushing.
For this reserve report, the gold cut-off grade for the deposit is estimated at 0.44 g/t based on 2019 actual costs and historical data. This is the cut-off grade that was applied to Measured and Indicated resources for conversion to Proven and Probable reserves. The internal or marginal gold cut-off grade estimated for Crushed is actually lower than the cut-off for ROM (Table 15.3). In this case, all material should be crushed. Operationally, the previously defined cut-over grade of 0.61 g/t Au will be maintained to prioritize high-grade ore going on to the heap leach pad. Ore that is between a gold grade of 0.44 g/t and 0.61 g/t Au will be sent to the low-grade stockpile for future processing.
Table 15.3 shows the cutoff grade assumptions used for the Mineral Reserve estimate.
Table 15.3 Cutoff Grade Assumptions
Material | Cutoff Grade (g/t Au) | ||
Break Even | Internal | Cut-Over | |
ROM | 0.627 | 0.48 | na |
Crushed | 0.55 | 0.44 | 0.32 |
In summary, ore, low grade and waste are currently being classified as follows:
Waste: | 0.00 – 0.43 g/t |
Low-Grade: | 0.44 – 0.61 g/t |
High-Grade: | > 0.61 g/t |
15.6.2.1 | Breakeven Cutoff Grade |
The lowest grade of material that can be mined and processed considering all applicable costs, without incurring a loss or gaining a profit. The break-even cut-off grade assumes that the block does not have to be mined and classifies the material as ore or waste to mine or ignore respectively.
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15.6.2.2 | Internal Cutoff Grade |
The internal cut-off grade assumes that the block in question must be mined and determines whether it should be processed or not. It may be used to decide whether material is treated as ROM or sent to the crusher. It should not be confused with break-even cut-offs, which include an allowance for the cost of stripping.
15.6.2.3 | Cut-Over Grade |
If more than one processing method is applicable to a particular rock-type, then the grade at which it is more favorable to change from one processing method to another is referred to as a cut-over, rather than a cut-off. Figure 15.1 shows this effect for Isabella Pearl, where it is more expensive to crush material, but the recovery fraction is higher.
Figure 15.1 Isabella Pearl Cut-Over Grade
15.7 | Relevant Factors |
The Qualified Persons are not aware of any environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-economic, marketing, political, or other issues that could materially affect the mineral reserves stated here.
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16 | MINING METHODS |
16.1 | Mining Methods Summary |
The Isabella Pearl mine design consists of one pit accessing the Isabella, Pearl and Civit Cat North deposits. Open pit mining is conducted by conventional diesel-powered equipment, utilizing a combination of blasthole drills, wheel loaders, and 91-tonne (100-short ton) trucks to define, and handle ore and waste. Support equipment includes graders, track dozers, and water trucks. Higher-grade ore (>0.61 g/t Au) is hauled to the crushing area and crushed before being placed on the leach pad. Low-grade ore between 0.44 and 0.61 g/t Au is hauled directly to the low-grade stockpile. Waste rock is stored in the waste rock facility located in close proximity to the pit to reduce haulage costs.
The final pit was designed using 6 m (20 ft) benches with a bench face angle of 68°, and an inter-ramp slope of 49.7° between a triple bench-catch of 8 m (26 ft). Haul roads were designed to 14 m (46 ft) widths for one-way traffic and 24 m (79 ft) widths for two-way traffic. These widths included an external safety berm in compliance with Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) regulations. The final location of the ramps was optimized in order to reduce the overall pit slopes in areas where the pit slope was required to be less than 50°.
All ore and waste is hauled utilizing a 91-tonne (100-short ton) truck fleet. Low-grade ROM ore was initially placed on the heap leach pad with only lime addition on pad areas protected by a minimum of four feet of cover over the leach pad liner and collector piping system. Most of this material was placed in interior portions of the heap leach to minimize the difficulty of re-grading for reclamation. Currently, high-grade ore is hauled to the crusher pad stockpile to then fed to the crusher by a front-end loader. The crushed ore is then delivered to the heap by a stacker conveyor system. Low-grade ore is currently being stored in the low-grade stockpile for either future crushing or direct placement on the heap as ROM.
The mine pits will generate an estimated total of 15.8 million tonnes (17.4 million short tons) of waste rock. The dump face is at the estimated 40° angle of repose of the material. The Pearl dump is being built from the south toe upward, with the outer slopes concurrently graded to 3(Horizontal):1(Vertical). The outer faces of the graded waste are being contoured, compacted, overlain with growth medium and re-vegetated when it is practical. Contouring and re-vegetation of the top of the dump will occur during post-production reclamation.
Isabella Pearl mining operations are being conducted by a contractor. Isabella Pearl production is scheduled to mine up to 600,000 tonnes (661,400 short tons) of material (ore and waste) per month from a 2-phase pit. The Pearl zone is mined in 2 phases (Pearl Phase 1 & 2) in order to balance the high strip ratio of the upper benches and maintain an adequate cash flow balance. The current plan targets WLMC to process an approximate average of 54,400 tonnes (60,000 short tons) of ore per month over the life-of-mine. Major mining equipment currently includes one Caterpillar D8 dozer, one Caterpillar
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D9 dozer, two Caterpillar 14M motor graders, two 769 Caterpillar water trucks, two lube trucks and two mechanic’s trucks.
The mine is currently in operation 12 hours per day, 7 days per week (12/7). During production, mining operations require two crews operating on twelve-hour rotating shifts.
During mining operations, blasthole samples are collected and assayed to provide control for ore and waste segregation. The resulting information is used to assign a material type to the blocks representing the active benches. Each block is assigned a destination code based on classification of the material (high-grade ore, low-grade ore, and waste). Following assay and ore/waste designation, visual identification of waste is made by the site geologist and compared to the mine block model. The tonnage of this material is tracked by WLMC geologists and the mine production reporting system.
The reader is referred to earlier reports on mineral resources and reserves and the feasibility study for a more detailed description of the mining methods utilized at the Isabella Pearl mine (Brown et al., 2018). Specific topics covered in earlier reports include:
· | Pit Slope Geotechnical Evaluation |
· | Pit Optimization |
· | Mine Design |
· | Waste Rock Storage Design |
· | Haulage |
· | Mine Production Schedule |
· | Mining Operations |
· | Ancillary Mining Operations |
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17 | RECOVERY METHODS |
17.1 Process Description Summary
Metallurgical test work has validated that Isabella Pearl oxidized ores are amenable to gold and silver recovery by cyanidation. The most economically effective process has been identified as conventional heap leaching of crushed ore, and to a lesser extent ROM, followed by absorption/desorption recovery (ADR) and refining to produce doré bars. The estimated recovery of gold from crushed ore is 81%. The estimated gold recovery of ROM material placed on the heap leach is 60%.
The general layout consists of the heap leach pad area which covers about 114,000 m2 (1.5 million ft2) and provides containment for 3.1 million tonnes (3.4 million short tons) of ore. The leach pad is a modified valley fill with a double liner system. A berm ranging from 1 to 5 m (3.3 to 16.4 ft) has been constructed along the sides and downstream (south) edge of the pad. The ADR plant consists of five 2 m (7 ft) diameter vertical adsorption towers in series with a carbon screen on the barren discharge; a 2.7 tonne (3 short ton) carbon-stripping plant with a carbon conditioning and sizing screen; and barren and pregnant solution tanks. The ADR plant design flowrate is 1,400 gpm. Electro-winning is done in a 150-ft3 electrolytic cell. Smelting is done in a T-200 melt furnace.
Figure 17.1 shows a simplified schematic of the Isabella Pearl mine flowsheet. Ore is delivered from the open pit to the crusher and then transported to the heap leach pad via a series of jump/stacker conveyors and stacked onto the heap leach pad by a radial stacker. Isabella Pearl high-grade ore above the 0.61 g/t Au cutoff is crushed using a two-stage portable crushing plant with a 250-tonne (276-short ton) per hour capacity. High-grade ore is first trucked from the open pit to a stockpile located close to the primary crushing circuit. A front-end loader then feeds the high-grade ore to the crushing circuit. Ore is then placed into a stationary grizzly located above the hopper that prevents oversized material from making its way into the crusher cavity. A 1.2 m (4 ft) x 6.1 m (20 ft) vibrating grizzly feeder draws ore into the jaw crusher. The minus 5 cm (2 in) grizzly feeder undersize material bypasses the crusher and combines with crusher product on the crusher discharge belt conveyor.
Primary crushed ore, (approximately 80 percent passing 8 cm (3 in)), is conveyed to a vibrating, inclined, triple deck screen. The design of the crushing circuit is to handle a nominal 227 tonnes per hour (250 short tons per hour). The undersize fraction from the screen bypasses the secondary circuit and reports to the fine crushing product belt conveyor. Screen oversize material is conveyed to the secondary cone crusher. Secondary crushed ore, (approximately 80 percent passing 1.6 cm (5/8 in)) is returned via conveyor to the triple deck screen. The undersize fraction from the screen becomes the product of the fine crushing circuit, and reports to the fine crushing product belt conveyor. The product of the fine crushing circuit is either conveyed and stacked in a crushed ore stockpile or transported by a series of stacker conveyors to the heap leach pad. The final conveyor on the leach pad is a radial-type mobile stacker that places ore in lifts, up to 7.6 m (25 ft) in height. At its peak, the pyramidal heap will be 30 m (100 ft) high and the mean heap height will be approximately 16 m (53 ft). Lime addition is added at the
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first stacker conveyor by means of silo and screw feeder. Water sprays are utilized for dust suppression at the crusher feed hopper and at transfer points for the screened undersize material.
The pad liner system consists of 15 cm (6 in) of prepared subgrade overlain by a geomembrane sandwiched clay liner (GCL) which in turn is covered by a 60-mil high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane. The heap distribution (leaching solution) system consists of two 1400 gpm pumps with variable speed controllers and a network of 15 cm (6 in), 8 cm (3 in) and 1.3 cm (½ in) piping connected to drip emitters. The ore is leached via emitters at a solution application rate of 0.005 gpm/ft2. The leachate flows by gravity through the heap and is gathered in collector piping and exits each side of the leach pad through 25.4 cm (10 in) solid HDPE pipes resting in double-lined exit notches (ditches). The primary 60-mil HDPE upper liner in the ditch is welded to the leach pad primary liner. GCL installed for secondary containment beneath the leach pad overlaps the secondary liner of the exit notches by a minimum of 6 m (20 ft). Any seepage collected between the leach pad primary and secondary liners reports to the pregnant pond or the barren/stormwater pond via the pipe containment ditches. The upper 60 mil geomembrane is covered with a minimum of 45.7 cm (18 in) of permeable ore to protect against puncture and rupture. Pregnant solution trickling through the heap is collected by 20.3 cm (8 in) HDPE piping resting on the upper geomembrane, the solution flows by gravity to solid HDPE outlet pipes resting in HDPE double-lined ditches in notches through the perimeter berm and enters shunt valve boxes located between the heap leach pad and the ponds. Pregnant solution is conveyed via the closed-circuit pregnant solution pipeline to the pregnant tank at the ADR processing plant.
The pregnant cyanide solution is pumped from the pregnant tank to a feed box in the carbon-in-column (CIC) circuit where it is contacted with activated carbon completing the extraction of the gold via carbon adsorption. The CIC circuit consists of five columns in a series. Solution from the last column overflows to the barren tank where liquid sodium cyanide, fresh water and anti-scalant is added on an as needed basis prior to the solution returning to the heap leach pad for additional leaching of the ore. The heap design allows for direction of pregnant solution to the pregnant pond or from either the pregnant pond or the barren/stormwater pond to the barren tank or between the ponds through a 0.9 m (3 ft) weir should the need arise. The pregnant strip solution is electrolyzed at the on-site facility and the cathode sludge dried, blended with fluxes, and melted to produce doré bullion for shipment to a refiner.
The reader is referred to earlier reports on mineral resources and reserves and the feasibility study for a more detailed description of the recovery methods employed at the Isabella Pearl mine (Brown et al., 2018). Specific topics covered in earlier reports include:
· | Run-of-Mine (ROM) Processing |
· | Primary Crushing & Fine Crushing |
· | Heap Leach Pad & Solution Ponds |
· | Adsorption-Desorption-Recovery (ADR) Facility |
· | Major Process Equipment List |
· | Assay Laboratory |
· | Consumable Requirements |
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Figure 17.1 Simplified Schematic of Isabella Pearl Mine Flowsheet
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18 | MINE INFRASTructure |
18.1 Mine Infrastructure Summary
Access to most elements of the Isabella Pearl mine is provided by pre-existing gravel and paved roads. The main haulage road to the waste rock dump site and the ore preparation/heap leach site were designed to accommodate 91-tonne (100-short ton) capacity mine haulage trucks, requiring two-way traffic travel and safety berms.
The ADR plant, where gold and silver are stripped from pregnant solutions, are housed in a pre-engineered 21 m (69 ft) x 39 m (128.33 ft) structure consisting of steel ribs (struts) covered by insulation and tin siding, erected on a concrete slab. Two electric generators (plus fuel tanks) are in the ADR area. The west end of the ADR area is occupied by the ADR processing plant building. Pregnant solution and barren/stormwater ponds were designed to be near the center of the ADR area. The entire ADR area is enclosed by cyclone fencing.
An assay laboratory and preparation facilities are located are located east of the barren/stormwater pond. Nearby office trailers house on-site administrative staff including the general manager, mine, environmental and safety managers as well as accounting, engineering, geology, metallurgy and surveying staff. Contractors utilize a site north of the ore preparation area on which they have placed their own shop. A septic system with a leach field services the ADR plant, laboratory and offices. A second septic system services the ore preparation area, mine and contractor’s shop. A pipeline with industrial water from a non-potable water storage tank services the ADR plant, laboratory, office and contractor’s shop. Potable water for drinking is being supplied from bottles.
Power is supplied by three diesel-powered electric generators. One 1500 kW generator is on-line, one 1500 kW generator is on standby, and one 200 kW generator is on standby for the water production wells to generate power for the well pumps on an as-needed basis. The total connected electrical force in the plant, including the crushers, is approximately 1,567 hp. WLMC has installed 4,160 volt direct burial power lines from the generator yard throughout the site and to the production wells. Fuel for the generators is stored in two above-ground tanks on graded areas with HDPE-lined floors and berms for secondary containment to provide emergency capture of 110-percent of the largest fuel tank/vessel volume.
Industrial water is supplied from three production water wells. Production Well #2 (IPPW-2) was completed in September 2013 to a depth of 128 m (420 ft) and is upgradient from both the heap leach and open pit. Production Well #1 (IPPW-1) was installed in October 2016 to a depth of 396 m (1,300 ft) and is located south of the processing facility. A third production water well (Well #3) was installed in 2019, about 400 meters southwest of Well #1. Permits for the WLMC production water wells and a maximum of 484-acre feet of water annually (300 gpm 24/7) have been issued by the Nevada State
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Engineer. A 757,000 to 946,250 liter (200,000 to 250,000 gallon) non-potable water tank is located near contractor’s yard. The tank is approximately 13.4 m (44 ft) in diameter and 6.1 m (20 ft) high.
Specifications for the mine infrastructure are provided in Table 18.1. Figure 18.1 shows the general site arrangement layout of the facilities including location of the ADR plant to the heap leach pad, pit and waste dumps, and references to infrastructure items in Table 18.1.
The reader is referred to earlier reports on mineral resources and reserves and the feasibility study for a more detailed description of the mine infrastructure at the Isabella Pearl mine (Brown et al., 2018). Specific topics covered in earlier reports included:
· | Haulage roads |
· | Mine operations and support facilities |
· | Process support facilities |
· | Additional support facilities |
· | Power supply and distribution |
· | Water supply |
Table 18.1 Infrastructure Items and Specifications
Mine Component (1) |
Acres Existing
Disturbance |
Acres Proposed
New Disturbance |
Total Acres
Disturbance |
Roads | |||
Exploration Roads, Pads and Sumps Outside of Mine Pit | 26.6(2) | 15.0(3) | 41.6 |
Main Project Entrance, R-1 | 0 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Main Ore Haulage(4), R-3 | 0 | 3.3 | 3.3 |
Haulage Road South Terminus(4), R-4 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Contractors’ Yard Road, R-5 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Operating Area Access, R-6 | 0 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
Crusher to Pad Road, R-7 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Well Access, R-8 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Raw Water Storage Tank, R-9 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Existing Access North, R-10(5) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.7 |
Leach Pad Perimeter Road, R-11 | 0 | 6.6 | 6.6 |
DG Stockpile Off-haul Road(4), R-12 | 0 | 3.9 | 3.9 |
Subtotals | 27.4 | 34.4 | 61.8 |
Leach Pad, Mine Pits, Waste Rock Dump, Borrows and Stockpiles | |||
Pearl Dump, D-1 | 0 | 94.8 | 94.8 |
Heap Leach Pad | 0 | 28.1 | 28.1 |
Disturbance in Mine Pit Area(7) | 24.1 | 24.2 | 48.3 |
Pit Perimeter Berm | 0 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
Growth Medium Borrow, B-1 (6) | 0 | 8.8 | 8.8 |
DG/Granite Stockpile, BQ-1 | 0 | 4.9 | 4.9 |
DG/Granite Borrow/Quarry, Q-1 | 0 | 9.3 | 9.3 |
Subtotals | 24.1 | 172.9 | 197 |
Yards | |||
Ore Preparation Area, Y-1 | 0 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
Contractors’ Yard, Y-2 | 0 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
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ADR Plant Area, Y-3 | 0 | 10.8 | 10.8 |
Employee/Visitor Parking, Y4 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Blasting Media Storage, Y-5 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Raw Water Storage Tank, Y-6 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Utility Corridor from Production Well IPPW-1 to IPPW-2, Y-7 | 0.4 | 3.7 | 4.1 |
Water Lines to Crusher and Dust Suppression Loading, Y-8 | 0 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Contingent Water Lines, Y-9 | 2.2 | 0 | 2.2 |
Power Line & Water Line to Crusher, Y10 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Subtotals | 2.6 | 23.8 | 26.4 |
Sediment & Drainage Control | |||
Permanent Principal Drainage, D-1(8) | 0 | 3.4 | 3.4 |
Haul Road Drainage Diversion, D-2 | 0 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
East Pad Diversion, D-3 | 0 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
Ore Prep Area Diversions, D-4(9) | 0 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Southeast ADR Pad Diversion, D-5 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Growth Media Borrow Post-reclamation Drainage, D-6 | 0 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Subtotals | 0 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
Grand Total | 54.1 | 238.8 | 292.9 |
Table 18.1 Notes
1) | R-1, R-3, A-1, A-2 etc. are SRCE ID codes. |
2) | Includes 24.11 acres of pre-existing exploration disturbance and 2.5 acres of recent extra-pit exploration disturbance by WLMC under BLM Notice-of-Intent (NOI) Case Number NVN 081762. |
3) | For contingent future exploration outside of proposed mine pit. |
4) | Haulage road disturbance areas include safety berms. |
5) | Existing public access road northward will be reclaimed. A permanent public bypass will be constructed to avoid long-term drainage channel crossing maintenance. |
6) | 8.84 acre expansion of 5.60 acre Ore Preparation Area to 14.44 acres Growth Media Borrow excavation. |
7) | Includes 21.61 acres of pre-existing disturbance and 2.5 acres of TXAU exploration disturbance in pit footprint. |
8) | This feature to remain permanently after reclamation. |
9) Drainage diversions will be removed during excavation of reclamation stage borrow
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Figure 18.1 General Site Arrangement
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19 | MARKET STUDIES AND CONTRACTS |
The process facility for this operation produces doré bars between 50-55% gold content. Gold bars are being weighed and assayed at the mine to establish value. The bars are shipped regularly to a commercial refiner where their value is verified. Sale prices are obtained based on world spot or London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) pricing and are easily transacted.
19.1 | Contracts and Status |
A market study for the gold product was not undertaken for this study. Gold is sold through commercial banks and market dealers. The gold market is stable in terms of gold sale outlets and investment interest.
This study assumes a static price curve for the gold market price. In the economic evaluations, the gold price was set at $1,306/oz based on the SEC’s guidance of using a 3-year trailing average price. This price was slightly lower than the London PM Fix Price of $1,520 on December 31, 2019, the effective date of this mineral resource and reserve estimate.
Terms for an off-take and smelting agreement are likely to be based on refinery agreements established with highly respected, internationally accredited, precious metals refineries and mints located throughout the world.
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20 | ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, PERMITTING AND SOCIAL OR community IMPACT |
20.1 | Required Permits and Status |
The Isabella Pearl mine is located approximately 8.4 km (5.2 mi) north of the town Luning, at the west foot of the Gabbs Valley Range in Mineral County, Nevada. The location and current land ownership position results in the mine being held to permitting requirements that are determined to be necessary by Mineral County, the State of Nevada, and the U.S. Department of the Interior, BLM: Carson City District Office and Stillwater Field Office.
As of December 31, 2019, all applicable environmental permits to conduct open pit mining and beneficiation activities at the Isabella Pearl mine have been approved and are in good standing. Table 20.1 below lists the environmental permits that are applicable to the Isabella Pearl mine.
Table 20.1 Permits, Licenses and Issuing Authorities for the Isabella Pearl Mine
Permit/Approval | Issuing Authority | Permit Purpose | Status |
Federal Permits Approval and Registrations | |||
Mine Plan of Operations/NEPA Analysis and ROD | BLM | Prevent unnecessary or undue degradation of public lands; Initiate NEPA analysis to disclose and evaluate environmental impacts and project alternatives. | REQUIRED. Plan of Operations submitted to the BLM and subsequent NEPA analysis has been initiated. |
Rights-of-Way (RoW) across public lands | BLM | Authorization grant to use a specific piece of public land for a certain project, such as roads, pipelines, transmission lines, and communication sites | NOT REQUIRED. No Rights-of-Ways are for operation. |
Explosives Permit | U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms | Storage and use of explosives | REQUIRED of all mining operations in Nevada that store and use explosives. |
EPA Hazardous Waste ID No. | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | Registration as a small-quantity generator of wastes regulated as hazardous | REQUIRED of all mining operations in Nevada that generates regulated hazardous wastes (e.g., lab wastes, etc.) |
Notification of Commencement of Operations | Mine Safety and Health Administration | Mine safety issues, training plan, mine registration | REQUIRED of all mining operations in Nevada. |
Biological Opinion and Consultation | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service | Only if project Threatened or Endangered Species is determined present during the NEPA analysis of the project. | REQUIRED during the BLM EA due to Raptor status in area. Bird and Bat Conservation Plan (BBCP) may also be part of this; To be decided during NEPA analysis. |
Federal Communications Commission Permit | Federal Communications Commission (FCC) | Frequency registrations for radio/microwave communication facilities | MAYBE, if WLMC intends to use business radios to transmit on their own frequency |
State Permits, Authorizations and Registrations | |||
Nevada Mine Registry | Nevada Division of | Required operations registration | REQUIRED of all mining |
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20/20 height or impoundment thresholds. |
Potable Water System Permit | Nevada Bureau of Safe Drinking Water | Water system for drinking water and other domestic uses (e.g., lavatories) | NOT REQUIRED. WLMC will supply bottled drinking water. |
Septic Treatment Permit Sewage Disposal System Permit | NDEP/BWPC | Design, operation, and monitoring of septic and sewage disposal systems | REQUIRED for the septic systems at the mine site. |
Dredging Permit | NDOW | Protection of Nevada waterways | NOT REQUIRED. No dredging. |
Industrial Artificial Pond Permit | NDOW | Regulate artificial bodies of water containing chemicals that threaten wildlife | REQUIRED of all mining operations in Nevada that utilize open process water ponds. |
Wildlife Protection Permit | NDOW | Stream and watershed wildlife habitat protection | NOT REQUIRED. No stream or watershed modification. |
Hazardous Materials Permit | Nevada Fire Marshall | Store a hazardous material in excess of the amount set forth in the International Fire Code, 2006 | REQUIRED for storage of fuels and lubricant at the Isabella Pearl site. |
License for Radioactive Material | Nevada State Health Division, Radiological Health Section | Radioactive material licensing | MAYBE, if WLMC intends to use a densitometer or similar device at site. |
Encroachment Permit | Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) | Permits for permanent installations within State rights-of-way and in areas maintained by the State | NOT REQUIRED. No installations within State rights-of-way by operations. |
Temporary Permit to Work in Waterways | NDEP/BWPC | Covers temporary working or routine maintenance in surface waters of the State, such as channel clearing and minor repairs to intake structures. | NOT REQUIRED. No work in waterways by operations. |
State Business License | Nevada Secretary of State | License to operate in the state of Nevada | REQUIRED of all entities conducting business in the State of Nevada. |
Retail Sales Permit or Exemption Certificate | Nevada State Department of Taxation | Permit to buy wholesale or sell retail | NOT REQUIRED. No wholesale purchasing or retail selling for operation. |
Local Permits for Mineral County | |||
Building Permits Mineral County Building Planning Department | Mineral County Building Planning Department | Ensure compliance with local building standards/requirements | REQUIRED for construction of buildings and septic systems. |
Special Use Permit | Mineral County Building Planning Department | Provided as necessary under applicable zoning ordinances | REQUIRED for construction of Isabella Pearl project. |
County Road Use and Maintenance Permit/Agreement | Mineral County Building Planning Department | Use and maintenance of county roads | NOT REQUIRED. WLMC will maintain their own roads. |
Business License | Mineral County Building Planning Department | License for the engagement of business activities | REQUIRED for operating a business in Mineral County. |
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20.1.1 Federal Permitting
A number of federal permits and authorizations are required for mining operations located on public land administered by a federal land management agency, including, but not limited to the BLM, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Forest Service, and the National Parks Service. In the case of Isabella Pearl, the mine is located on public lands administered by the BLM. As such, the operation requires all of the identified federal permits, the most important of which are approvals of the 43 CFR § 3809 POO and its subsequent NEPA analyses. WLMC submitted the POO and Reclamation Permit application and the NEPA analysis was completed and a ROD was issued on May 15, 2018.
WLMC has acquired the following Federal Permits and Registrations:
· | EPA Hazardous Waste #NVR000092916 (BWM) |
· | Explosive Permit #9-NV-009-20-8K-00321 (Ledcor CMI Inc. contract mining) |
· | POO and Reclamation Plan #NVN86663 (BLM) |
20.1.1.1 BLM Exploration Notice of Intent (NOI)
Upon completion of the POO and issuance of the ROD by the BLM, the existing exploration permit that was within the mine plan boundary was closed. The reclamation cost estimated for surface disturbance associated with ongoing exploration within the mine plan boundary is covered by the bond for the Isabella Pearl mine. This allows WLMC to continue its exploration activities within the mine plan boundary while active mining is in progress.
Surface disturbance associated with proposed exploration drilling to be conducted outside the mine plan bounday (the permitted mine area) is currently authorized under a separate BLM Notice of Intent, a summary of which, including the obligated bond amounts for reclamation, is provided in Table 20.2.
Table 20.2 BLM Notice of Intent Summary for the Isabella Pearl Mine
Area | Serial Number | Name | Total Acres | Bond Amount Obligated |
Scarlet Prospect | NVN-98794 | GRC Reclamation Cost Estimate | 1.66 | $11,724 |
Total | 1.66 | $11,724 |
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20.1.2 State Permitting
The State of Nevada requires operational mining permits regardless of land status of the mine (i.e., private or public). The following are the state permits that are required for the Isabella Pearl mine:
· | Reclamation Permit #0387 (NDEP/BMRR) |
· | Hazardous Waste Generator #NVR000092916 (NDEP/BWM) |
· | Water Pollution Control Permit #NEV2009102 (NDEP/BMRR) |
· | Emergency Release, Response, and Contingency Plan (NDEP/BMRR) |
· | Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures Plan (NDEP/BMRR) |
· | National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit #NVG201000 (NDEP/BWPC) |
· | General Stormwater Permit #NVR300000 MSW-43292 (NDEP/BWPC) |
· | Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (NDEP/BWPC) |
· | Water Rights – #83484, 82498, 79096 and 83485 (changed to 89001T) (DCNR/NDWR); Permits to change the point of diversion and place of use of the water rights have been approved, for groundwater production wells |
· | Air Quality Class II Operating Permit #AP-1041-3853 (NDEP/BAPC) |
· | Air Quality Mercury Permit to Construct #AP-1041-3895 (NDEP/BAPC) |
· | Air Quality Class I Operating Permit to Construct #AP-1041-3897 (NDEP/BAPC) |
· | Industrial Artificial Pond Permit #467428 (NDOW) |
The State of Nevada has issued the above permits, which are all in good standing as of December 31, 2019.
20.1.3 Local Permitting
WLMC has obtained the necessary Building Permits and a Special Use Permit issued by Mineral County. These permits authorized WLMC to construct the buildings located at the Isabella Pearl mine.
The following are the Mineral County permits that are required for the Isabella Pearl mine:
· | Mineral County Business License #17288 (Mineral County Sheriff’s Office) |
· | Special Use Permit #165957 (Mineral County Planning Commission) |
· | Septic Permit #7905 and 7906 (Mineral County Building Department) |
· | ADR Building Permit #5891 (Mineral County Fire Marshall) |
· | Office Building Permit #7888 (Mineral County Fire Marshall) |
· | Water Tank Building Permit #7921 (Mineral County Fire Marshall) |
The Special Use Permit was approved when the ROD was issued by BLM in May 2018. Mineral County has issued the remaining permits, which are all in good standing as of December 31, 2019.
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20.2 | Environmental Study Results |
The reader is referred to earlier reports on mineral resources and reserves and the feasibility study for a more detailed description of environmental study results at the Isabella Pearl mine (Brown et al., 2018, 2019). Specific topics covered in earlier reports included:
· | Mine Waste Characterization and Management |
· | Waste Rock Management Plan |
· | Groundwater Characterization |
o | Groundwater Quality |
· | Surface Water Characterization |
· | Cultural Resources Inventory |
o | Native American Religious Concerns |
· | Biological Resources Inventory |
o | Vegetation |
o | Mammals |
o | Reptiles |
o | Migratory Birds |
o | Sensitive Species |
§ | BLM |
§ | State of Nevada |
20.3 | Environmental Issues |
Following submission by TXAU of the plan of operations in 2010, public scoping was conducted from March 15 through April 15, 2011. In five letters and four telephone calls received by the BLM, the following issues and concerns were identified:
· | Wildlife—Potential disturbance of habitat for mule deer, pronghorn antelope, and desert bighorn sheep; |
· | Special status species—Proximity of disturbance to a known prairie falcon nest; |
· | Springs—The impact of mining on springs and associated wildlife; |
· | Public access and vested rights-of-way—The status of public access to surrounding areas for recreation; |
· | Level of NEPA analysis—What criteria were used to determine that the preparation of an EA would be appropriate, as opposed to a full environmental impact statement; |
· | Transportation of ore—Plans to evaluate the impacts of the transportation of ore on off-site facilities; |
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· | Water resources—Waste and ore rock characterization and potential impacts on Waters of the United States; |
· | Cultural resources—Request for complete examination of the site for archaeological and cultural resources; |
· | Water rights—Two claims of vested water rights for stockwater use in the area; and |
· | Recreation—Requests by various off-road race organizers to control cross traffic during race day. |
Issues originally identified from the agency comments were concern for water quality, wildlife (including special status species), habitat, recreation, nearby spring monitoring, and quantity and quality reporting. Each of these concerns has been addressed or mitigated by the design of the project, or the implementation of Operator Committed Environmental Protection Measures and Practices (Section 2.5 of the Isabella Pearl mine POO (Welsh Hagen, 2018).
20.4 | Operating and Post-Closure Requirements and Plans |
As part of both the Nevada Water Pollution Control Permit (WPCP) and the BLM POO, WLMC has submitted a detailed plan for monitoring designed to demonstrate compliance with the approved POO and other Federal or State environmental laws and regulations, to provide early detection of potential problems, and to supply information that will assist in directing corrective actions, should they become necessary. The plan includes discussion on water quality in the area; monitoring locations, analytical profiles, and sampling/reporting frequency. Examples of monitoring programs which may be necessary include surface- and ground-water quality and quantity, air quality, revegetation, stability, noise levels, and wildlife mortality.
The BMRR also requires a process fluid management plan as part of the WPCP. This plan describes the management of process fluids, including the methods to be used for the monitoring and controlling of all process fluids. The plan also provides a description of the means to evaluate the conditions in the fluid management system, to be able to quantify the available storage capacity for meteoric waters and to define when and to what extent the designed containment capacity may been exceeded. The management of non-process (non-contact) stormwater around and between process facilities is a necessary part of the Nevada General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Industrial Activity from metals Mining Activities (NVR300000) and is typically detailed in the site-wide Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). These documents were prepared in conjunction with the WPCP.
WLMC has the following plans in place: environmental management plan, waste rock management plan, weed management plan, water management plan, emergency response plan, spill prevention, control and counter measure plan, spring monitoring plan, groundwater monitoring plan and stormwater pollution prevention plan.
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20.5 | Post-Performance or Reclamation Bonds |
The Isabella Pearl project’s location and current land ownership mean that the mine operations will be subject to reclamation financial surety requirements set by the state and federal agencies. Any operator who conducts mining operations in the State of Nevada under an approved BLM POO and/or state Reclamation Permit must file a surety with the NDEP-BMRR or federal land management agency, as applicable, to ensure that reclamation will be completed on privately owned and federal land. The surety may be: a trust fund; a bond; an irrevocable letter of credit; insurance; a corporate guarantee; or any combination thereof. The existing reclamation bond(s) associated with the exploration Notice-of-Intent (NOI) will be incorporated into the overall mine reclamation bond as part of the final authorization process. The surety will be released when all of the requirements of the permit have been fulfilled, including, but not limited to reclamation of disturbances, regrading of lands, and revegetation, as defined by the approved reclamation plan.
20.5.1 | Mine Closure Plan |
Both the BLM’s 43 CFR § 3809.401(b)(3) and State of Nevada’s mining regulations (NAC 519A et seq.) require closure and reclamation of mining and mineral development projects in the State of Nevada. In addition, any operator who conducts mining operations under an approved BLM POO or State Reclamation Permit must furnish a bond in an amount sufficient for stabilizing and reclaiming all areas disturbed by the operations.
After operations cease, residual process solution in the heap leach pad will be recirculated until the rate of flow from these facilities can be passively managed through evaporation from the lined process ponds or a combination of evaporation and infiltration (depending on final water quality). The waste rock dump will be re-graded and revegetated, pursuant to the approved reclamation plan. Buildings and facilities not identified for a post-mining use will be removed from the site during the salvage and site demolition phase. Reclamation and closure activities may be conducted concurrently, to the extent practical, to reduce the overall reclamation and closure costs, minimize environmental liabilities, and limit bond exposure.
The revegetation release criteria for reclaimed areas are presented in the Guidelines for Successful Revegetation for the NDEP, BLM, and U.S.D.A. Forest Service (BLM, 1998). The revegetation goal is to achieve the permitted plant cover as soon as possible.
20.5.2 | Reclamation Measures During Operations and Mine Closure |
In general, the reclamation plan outlined in the Isabella Pearl mine POO and submitted to both the BLM and the NDEP includes a description of the equipment, devices, and practices that WLMC proposes to use including, where applicable, plans for:
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i. | Drill hole plugging and abandonment; |
ii. | Regrading and reshaping; |
iii. | Mine reclamation, including information on pit backfilling that details economic, environmental, and safety factors; |
iv. | Riparian mitigation; |
v. | Wildlife habitat rehabilitation; |
vi. | Topsoil handling; |
vii. | Revegetation; |
viii. | Isolation and control of acid forming, toxic, or deleterious materials; |
ix. | Removal or stabilization of buildings, structures and support facilities; and |
x. | Post-closure management. |
In addition, the WPCP includes a plan for the permanent closure of the facility which describes the procedures, methods and schedule for stabilizing spent process materials. The plan will include:
a. | Procedures for characterizing spent process materials as they are generated; and |
b. | The procedures to stabilize all process components with an emphasis on stabilizing spent process materials and the estimated cost for the procedures. |
20.5.3 | Closure Monitoring |
Monitoring the mine facilities after closure will ensure continued compliance with reclamation requirements and preservation of the State and Federal natural resources. Applicable monitoring programs may include, and are not limited to, the following:
· | Surface water and groundwater, quality and quantity; |
· | Revegetation monitoring; and |
· | Slope stability for reclaimed mine facilities. |
Long-term environmental monitoring of facilities like the heap leach pad and waste rock disposal areas is not anticipated after closure and reclamation are completed.
20.5.4 | Reclamation and Closure Cost Estimate |
Conceptual reclamation and closure methods were used to evaluate the various components of the project to estimate final closure costs. Version 1.4.1.017 of the Standardized Reclamation Cost Estimator (SRCE) was used to prepare this estimate. The SRCE uses first principles methods to estimate quantities, productivities and work hours required for various closure tasks based on inputs from the user. The physical layout, geometry and dimensions of the project components were based on the current understanding of the site plan and facilities layout. These included current designs for the main project components including the open pit(s), infrastructure, waste rock dumps, haul and access roads,
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heap leach pad, utilities, and process ponds. Equipment and labor costs were conservatively estimated using State and BLM-approved costs.
The costs associated with final reclamation and closure of the Isabella Pearl project are currently estimated to be $9.2 million. This total is an undiscounted internal cost to reclaim and close the facilities associated with the mining and processing project.
20.5.5 | 2019 Estimate of Current Closure Costs |
WLMC maintains a quarterly review of its environmental obligations as well as any updates of information related to either new regulations.
WLMC considers two levels of care in preparation of its mine closure plan for the possible future abandonment of the Isabella Pearl mine. In compliance with environmental obligations, WLMC considers two levels of care:
· | Works and actions that are specifically identified in the current environmental regulations, or in case of modifications or new regulations arising and, |
· | Those particular terms and conditions listed in the permissions, registers or certificates, as established in the authorization in terms of environmental impact and although not specifically identified in any order, are the result of case-specific analysis. |
A Mine Closure Plan and Reclamation Budget has been prepared based on Nevada Standardized Reclamation Cost Estimator and Cost Data File provided by BLM to calculate reclamation bonding requirements for Isabella Pearl mine.
The mine closure and reclamation cost estimate for the Isabella Pearl Mine as of December 31, 2019 is presented in Table 20.3
Table 20.3 Mine Closure and Reclamation Cost Estimate for the Isabella Pearl Mine as of December 31, 2019
Activity | Cost |
Earthwork/Recontouring | |
Exploration | $6,526 |
Exploration Roads & Drill Pads | $220,715 |
Roads | $32,932 |
Well Abandonment | $95,837 |
Pits | $2,972 |
Process Ponds | $5,762 |
Heaps | $160,367 |
Waste Rock Dumps | $267,024 |
Foundation and Buildings Areas | $5,468 |
Yards, etc. | $75,433 |
Drainage & Sediment Control | $49,404 |
Mob/Demob | $137,385 |
Revegetation/Stabilization |
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Exploration Roads & Drill Pads | $14,317 |
Roads | $10,617 |
Pits | $7,644 |
Process Ponds | $187 |
Heaps | $14,997 |
Waste Rock Dumps | $12,746 |
Foundation and Buildings Areas | $307 |
Yards, etc. | $17,143 |
Drainage & Sediment Control | $1,203 |
Detoxification/Water Treatment/Disposal of Wastes | |
Solid Waste - Off Site | $1,510 |
Hazardous Materials | $14,991 |
Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils | $3,176 |
Other** - IFM + PFS + Evaporation | $1,322,363 |
Structure, Equipment and Facility Removal, and Misc. | |
Foundation & Buildings Areas | $168,006 |
Equipment removal | $220,077 |
Fence removal | $66,719 |
Fence installation | $161,735 |
Monitoring | |
Reclamation Monitoring and Maintenance | $64,824 |
Ground and Surface Water Monitoring | $173,039 |
Vacate & Backfill Septic Tanks | $7,340 |
20 gpm forced evaporation system | $4,798 |
12 months Telemetering, Labor & Equipment | $77,500 |
Construction Management & Support | |
Construction Management | $211,503 |
Construction Support | $22,383 |
Road Maintenance | $126,447 |
Total | $3,785,397 |
20.6 | Social and Community |
Hawthorne, which is approximately 40 km (25 mi) west of the project, has a population of approximately 3,023 (Nevada State Demographer, 2017). It has sufficient resources to provide general amenities, housing, and services. It is the home of the Hawthorne Army Ammunition Plant, which provides much of the employment in the area.
The small town of Luning is about 10 km (6 mi) to the south of the project area. The population estimate is 98 (Nevada State Demographer, 2017) and the town provides minimal services and amenities.
Mineral County’s estimated population for 2016 was 4,449 (US Census Bureau, 2017). Based on the 2010 Census, there were 2,830 housing units in Mineral County, 590 of which were vacant. In October 2017, the Mineral County labor force was 2,104 individuals, with an unemployment rate of 5.1 percent (Nevada Department of Employment Training and Rehabilitation, 2017).
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21 | ADJACENT PROPERTIES |
21.1 | Owner Properties |
WLMC, either directly or through GRCN, a related subsidiary of parent company GRC, controls additional claims adjoining the Isabella Pearl project and several properties within a 30 km (18 mi) radius which include: Mina Gold, East Camp Douglas and County Line.
Acquisition of the WLMC unpatented lode mining claims acquired from TXAU in 2016 included an additional 305 claims along the Isabella Pearl mineralized trend to the northwest. This is in addition to the 36 claims that cover the Isabella Pearl deposit and planned mine area. The land position acquired from TXAU totals 341 unpatented lode mining claims covering approximately 2,751 hectares (6,800 acres), with 83 claims having a 3% NSR royalty and the balance having a 1% NSR royalty.
In January 2017, WLMC acquired 153 additional unpatented lode mining claims to consolidate the mineralized area surrounding of the Isabella Pearl mine. The claims were acquired from Nevada Select Royalty Inc. (Nevada Select), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ely Gold and Minerals Inc. WLMC purchased the claims from Nevada Select for $460,000, which included shares of restricted common stock valued at $300,000, and cash of $100,000, plus a one-time advanced royalty cash payment of $60,000. Nevada Select retained a 2.5% NSR royalty on the claims. WLMC also retained the right to buy down 0.5% percent of the NSR royalty on the claims for $500,000. The newly acquired mining claims brings the total number of unpatented lode mining claims in the Isabella Pearl area to 494, covering approximately 3,642 hectares (9,000 acres). The claims extend exploration potential to the northwest along a geologic trend with mineralized outcrops and historic mine workings.
GRCN purchased the Mina Gold property from Nevada Select in August 2016. The property is located approximately 25 km (15 mi) from the Isabella Pearl project and covers an area of approximately 333 hectares (825 acres) consisting of 43 unpatented lode mining claims and 5 patented claims. Gold mineralization at Mina Gold is hosted by epithermal quartz veins occurring along fault zones in volcanic host rock outcropping at the surface. Mina Gold has been explored by over 313 historic exploration drill holes which encompass more than 16,246 m (53,300 ft) of drilling. Historic drill intercepts encountered gold at shallow depths (<60 m; 196 ft) including 7.4 g/t (0.22 opst) gold over 12.2 m (40 ft), 11.8 g/t (0.34 opst) gold over 4.6 m (15 ft) and 5.0 g/t (0.15 opst) gold over 6.1 m (20 ft). Historic metallurgical reports completed by Legend Metallurgical Laboratory, Inc. Reno, NV, includes column leach tests at minus 15 cm (6 in) rock returned 80% gold recovery in 60 days. Minus 1.3 cm (1/2 in) rock returned 75% gold recovery in 2 days. The best gold recoveries will likely require particle agglomeration prior to heap leaching. GRCN acquired 100% of the Mina Gold property from Nevada Select for $1,000,000, which included shares of restricted common stock valued at $850,000 and cash of $150,000 representing a one-time advanced royalty payment. Nevada Select retained a 3% NSR royalty on the patented claims and 2% NSR
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royalty on the unpatented claims. GRCN retained the right to buy down 1% of the NSR royalty on the patented claims for $1,000,000 and 0.5% of the NSR royalty on the unpatented claims for $500,000.
In January 2017, GRCN purchased the East Camp Douglas gold property from Diversified Inholdings, LLC. (DVI). The property is located approximately 30 km (18 mi) south of Isabella Pearl. The East Camp Douglas property covers an area of approximately 2,144 hectares (5,300 acres) consisting of 277 unpatented claims, 12 patented claims and an additional 80 hectares (200 acres) of fee lands. Precious metal epithermal mineralization at East Camp Douglas occurs as both widespread high sulfidation alteration areas and low sulfidation veins. Gold was first discovered at East Camp Douglas in low sulfidation quartz-adularia veins in 1893. Gold mining flourished in the district until 1902, with intermittent production through the 1980’s. Historic district gold production is estimated at approximately 100,000 ounces. Modern exploration (post 1960’s) by several mining and exploration companies has established modest gold targets in five separate areas in the district, with over 3,000 m (9,842 ft) of DDH core and a large exploration database. Historic drilling highlights include 22.86 m (75 ft) of 13.55 g/t (0.40 opst) gold (from 4.6 m (15 ft) down hole) and 23.86 m (78 ft) of 1.99 g/t (0.06 opst) gold (starting from surface). GRCN acquired 100% of the East Camp Douglas property from DVI for $2,000,000, which consisted of shares of restricted common stock valued at $1,000,000 and cash of $1,000,000. DVI retained a 3% NSR royalty on unpatented claims and fee lands and 1% NSR royalty on patented claims. The patented claims have an existing 2% NSR royalty to an unrelated third party.
GRCN purchased of the County Line gold property from Nevada Select in March 2018. The property is located approximately 23 km (14 mi) northeast of the Isabella Pearl project and covers an area of approximately 429 hectares (1,060 acres) consisting of 53 unpatented lode mining claims and one unpatented placer mining claim. GRCN also staked 63 additional unpatented claims around the property to strengthen the land position and exploration potential. The total land package consists of 939 hectares (2,320 acres). The County Line property is part of the Paradise Peak collection cluster of high sulfidation epithermal deposits. The district historically produced a total of 1.5 million ounces of gold and 38.9 million ounces of silver. The County Line open pit historically produced approximately 81,000 ounces of gold and 760,000 ounces silver. The Porphyry (East) Pit, located approximately 762 m (2,500 ft) southeast of the County Line pit, produced approximately 7,400 ounces of gold and 8,000 ounces silver. While both open pits represent exploration targets, other targets include “Newman Ridge” and the “Jackpot Zone”. GRCN rock chip samples obtained from the bottom of the County Line pit averaged 2.2 g/t (0.06 opst) gold with cyanide bottle-roll tests on those samples yielded an average of 94.5% gold recovery in approximately two hours. GRCN acquired 100% interest in the County Line property from Nevada Select for total cash compensation of $300,000. Nevada Select retained a 3% NSR royalty on the property claims. GRCN retained the right to buy down 1% of the NSR royalty on the claims for $1,000,000.
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21.2 | Third-Party Properties |
The Isabella Pearl project is situated along strong structural controls and alignments within the Walker Lane mineral belt which hosts numerous significant epithermal gold and silver deposits. The closest (<50 km; 31 mi) and most significant third-party properties include Santa Fe, Paradise Peak, Denton-Rawhide, Candelaria and Borealis. Other significant mines and mining districts located along the Walker Lane mineralized trend include Aurora, Bodie, Bullfrog, Comstock, Goldfield, Silver Peak (Mineral Ridge) and Tonopah.
The Santa Fe property, located just southeast and across the highway from the Isabella Pearl project, was mined in the early 1990’s. The Santa Fe mine reportedly produced 345,499 ounces of gold and 710,629 ounces of silver from four deposits averaging about 1.16 g/t (0.034 opst) gold and 8.6 g/t (0.25 opst) silver. This property is currently owned and being offered for sale by Victoria Gold Corp.
The Paradise Peak Mine, located about 23 km (14 mi) to the east, was mined by FMC Corp. (FMC) in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. This mine reportedly produced 1,614,084 ounces of gold and 24,100,000 ounces of silver from six deposits at an average grade of around 3.4 g/t (0.1 opst gold-equivalent) of gold per tonne. Paradise Peak is currently on care-and-maintenance and being offered for sale by owner, Ward Enterprises Inc.
The Denton-Rawhide Mine, located about 40 km (25 mi) to the north, was opened by Kennecott-Plexus in 1990. This open-pit heap-leach mine reportedly produced 1,320,380 ounces of gold and 10,343,130 ounces of silver through 2002 with some after-mine leaching continuing for several more years. The property is currently owned by Rawhide Mining LLC, a private company, which has recently re-started open-pit and heap-leaching operations at Rawhide.
The Candelaria Mining District is located about 48 km (30 mi) to the south, just off the paved highway 95, which connects Reno with Las Vegas. The district developed into one of the richest silver districts in the state of Nevada, following discovery of high-grade veins in 1864. From 1864 until 1954, the district produced 22 million ounces of silver. Open pit mining between 1980 and 1999 resulted in the production of an additional 47 million ounces of silver. Total historical production for the property is estimated to be at least 69 million ounces of silver with a minimum of 100,000 ounces of gold also being recovered. Mineralization within the district is confined to the Candelaria Shear with high-grade veins formed along contacts of intrusive dikes within the host volcanics. Lower grade, bulk tonnage mineralization extends as a halo from the veins into the surrounding shear zone. The main orebodies vary in width from 24 m (78 ft) to 37 m (121 ft) averaging 109 to 128 g/t (3.2 to 3.7 opst) silver. In January 2017, owners SSR Mining Inc. (SSR) optioned 100% interest in the Candelaria project to Silver One Resources Inc. To exercise the option, Silver One was required to issue $1.0 million in Silver One shares upon signing, three additional annual instalments of $1.0 million in Silver One shares and assume reclamation obligations.
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The Borealis Mine, located about 56 km (35 mi) to the southwest of Isabella Pearl, was mined in the early 1900s and intermittently through the 1930s. The modern-day Borealis deposit was discovered in 1978 by Houston Oil and Minerals Co. (Houston; later bought out by Tenneco). Houston constructed an open-pit operation and began production in 1981, which continued through 1986, when Echo Bay Minerals purchased Borealis. Production continued through mine closure in 1990 with a total of 635,000 ounces of gold being produced from eight deposits at Borealis. From 1990 to 2003, the property was explored by Santa Fe Gold, Cambior and Golden Phoenix, mainly targeting the high-grade sulfide gold mineralization at depth. In 2003, the property was optioned to Borealis Mining Company LLC., a subsidiary of Gryphon Gold Corporation (Gryphon). By the end of 2004, Gryphon had earned a 70% position in the property, with Golden Phoenix retaining 30%. In January 2005, Golden Phoenix sold its remaining 30% interest to Gryphon. In February 2005, Gryphon announced a gold reserve totaling of 3.9 million tonnes (4.3 million short tons) averaging 1.16 g/t (0.034 opst) gold at Borealis. In September 2011, Gryphon began heap leaching at the Borealis mine. In January of 2013, Gryphon entered into agreement with Waterton Global Value L.P. (Waterton) on the ownership of the Borealis mining project. Efforts at the Borealis mine were not economically successful reportedly due to the falling price of gold. In 2015, operations were suspended and Waterton took control of Borealis and the property is currently on care-and-maintenance.
The most important owner and third-party adjacent properties within a 50 km (31 mi) radius of the Isabella Pearl mine are shown on Figure 21.1.
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Figure 21.1 Map of the Properties in the Vicinity of the Isabella Pearl Mine
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22 | OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION |
There are no other relevant data and information or explanation necessary to make the technical report understandable and not misleading.
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23 | INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS |
Isabella Pearl is a producing gold mine with a favorable economic projection based on actual operating costs and a detailed mining and processing plan.
23.1 | Geology and Exploration |
Precious-metal mineralization in the Isabella Pearl mine area occurs in a thick sequence of Oligocene ash flow tuffs that overlies Triassic sedimentary rocks intruded by Jurassic or Cretaceous stocks and dikes. Welded and unwelded portions of the Guild Mine Member of the Mickey Pass Tuff host several gold-silver deposits that are the focus of this report.
The Isabella is an oxide deposit that contains very small particles of gold in cavities and along fracture surfaces in poorly to moderately welded tuff. This deposit is very siliceous with pervasive silica replacement and structurally controlled zones of silica and iron oxide minerals. Both oxide and sulfide mineralization are found in the Pearl deposit, which occurs in a lower, more densely welded tuff and granite. The Pearl mineralization is associated with strong brecciation and silicification as fracture fillings and replacement of the tuff. The Civit Cat deposit is relatively minor and poorly defined by drilling. The Isabella, Pearl and Civit Cat deposits are known collectively as the Isabella Pearl deposit.
Since WLMC acquired the project in 2016, 161 holes have been drilled in the deposit for further mineral delineation and additional metallurgical testing. This included 4 holes totaling 735 meters of DDH drilling and 12,844 meters in 158 holes of RC drilling. The RC drilling total also included 5 condemnation holes totaling 1,356 m in the heap leach area and two additional ~400 m deep water wells to supply the mine’s future water needs for gold production.
The Isabella Pearl deposit geology is generally understood and structural geology and alteration are the primary controls on mineralization. The core of the deposit is also relatively well-defined but infill drilling can be expected to materially change the current mineral resource model, increasing the confidence level of the mineral resource estimate and to convert a significant portion of this material to mineral reserve. Drilling along the periphery of the deposit also has the potential to extend the mineral resources to the northwest. In addition, reconnaissance geological mapping and rock chip sampling has delineated new, surface high-grade gold target areas located along strike to the northwest of the Pearl deposit currently in production.
23.2 | Mineral Resources |
WLMC uses the term “mineral resources” to describe mineralization that does not constitute “mineral reserves” under U.S. reporting requirements as governed by SEC Industry Guide 7. Mineral resources are used to describe a mineralized body that has been delineated by appropriate drilling and/or
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sampling to establish continuity and supports an estimate of tonnage and an average grade of the selected metals.
Mineral resources at Isabella Pearl is further defined by WLMC as mineral resources within a constraining pit shell and above a defined cutoff value. Mineral resources reported herein has been constrained within a Lerchs-Grossman optimized pit shell and are reported at a cutoff grade of 0.44 g/t Au (0.013 opst).
Measured and Indicated mineral resources reported for Isabella Pearl contain 2.25 million tonnes (2.48 million short tons) of material at an average gold grade of 3.05 g/t Au (0.089 opst) and 18 g/t Ag (0.529 opst). Inferred Mineral Resources are estimated to be 497,100 tonnes (548,000 short tons) at an average gold grade of 1.41 g/t Au (0.041 opst) and 6 g/t Ag (0.181 opst).
The modeling and estimation of mineral resources presented herein is based on technical data and information available as of December 31, 2019. WLMC has evaluated and performed verification of the Isabella Pearl drill hole database and considers the assay data to be adequate for the estimation of the mineral resources. The extracted drill hole database contains 379 unique collar records and 21,055 assay records, broken down by drilling type as:
· | AT: 6 drill holes for 82.00 m (269.0 ft) |
· | RC: 333 drill holes for 32,360.6m (106,170 ft) |
· | DDH: 36 drill holes for 3,564.5 m (11,695 ft) |
It should be noted that certain factors pose potential risks and opportunities, of greater or lesser degree, to the estimate as the model is based on currently available data. The highest risks associated with key estimation parameters were identified as:
· | Base of Oxidation: Distribution of oxide and non-oxide mineral resources in the deposit is very complex, |
· | Downhole Contamination: Contamination below the water table is common in RC drilling. A portion of the Pearl and Civit Cat North deposits lie near or below the water table. |
All refractory, non-cyanide-leachable sulfides were treated as waste for the Isabella Pearl estimate of mineral resources. In addition, the bottom of the optimized pit shell will not go below the water table.
The physical location of mineral resources are being confirmed at the mining scale using blast-hole drilling results and grade control modeling.
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23.3 | Mineral Reserves |
The conversion of mineral resources to mineral reserves required accumulative knowledge achieved through LG pit optimization, detailed pit design, scheduling and associated modifying parameters. Detailed access, haulage, and operational cost criteria were applied in this process for Isabella Pearl deposit.
The orientation, proximity to the topographic surface, and geological controls of the Isabella Pearl mineralization support mining of the mineral reserves with open pit mining techniques. To calculate the mineable reserve, pits were designed following an optimized LG pit based on a $1,306/oz Au sales price. This price was chosen to create the primary guide surface based on a price sensitivity and subsequent profitability study that showed that the $1,306 pit maximized profitability while reducing capital requirements. A pit design below market price ensures the mine will be viable even if gold prices fall to as low as $1,306 assuming there are no other major changes to the project economics. Deposit modeling at a lower gold price than the current gold price also demonstrates a positive economic upside for the project.
The quantities of material within the designed pits were calculated using a cutoff grade of 0.61 g/t Au for Crushed ore and material grading between 0.44 and 0.61 g/t Au being sent to a low-grade stockpile for either future crushing or direct placement on the heap as ROM ore. The three-year trailing average $1,306/oz Au sales price was observed at the time of this mineral reserve estimate.
The proven and probable mineral reserves reported for the Isabella Pearl project, using diluted grades, is 2.25 million tonnes (2.48 million short tons) of material at an average gold grade of 3.05 g/t Au (0.089 opst) and 18 g/t Ag (0.529 opst) containing 220,100 ounces of gold and 1,310,700 ounces of silver.
23.4 | Mining |
Isabella Pearl is a disseminated gold and silver deposit with mineralization close to the surface. The mine design consists of one pit accessing the Isabella Pearl deposit. Open pit mining is undertaken with conventional diesel-powered equipment, utilizing a combination of blasthole drills, wheel loaders, and 91-tonne (100-short ton) trucks to handle ore and waste. The 100-short ton mining fleet was selected as it allowed a lower mining cost. Support equipment including graders, track dozers, and water trucks aid the mining. Higher-grade ore (>0.61 g/t Au) is currently being hauled to the crushing area and crushed before being placed on the leach pad. Low-grade ore between 0.44 and 0.61 g/t Au is being sent to a low-grade stockpile and will eventually be hauled either to the crusher or directly to the leach pad depending on economic considerations. Waste rock is being stored in the waste rock facility designed in close proximity to the pit to reduce haulage costs.
The final pit was designed using 6 m (20 ft) benches, a bench face angle of 68° and an inter-ramp slope of 49.7° between a triple bench-catch of 8 m (26 ft). Haul roads were designed to 14 m (46 ft) widths for one-way traffic and 24 m (79 ft) widths for two-way traffic. These widths included an external berm.
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The final location of the ramps was optimized in order to reduce the overall pit slopes in areas where the pit slope was required to be less than 50°.
23.5 | Metallurgy and Processing |
The Isabella Pearl oxide ore is amenable to heap leach cyanidation with a high relative recovery and fast leaching kinetics. Cyanidation test work (bottle roll and column leach), performed on representative mineral resources, confirms the close relationship between particle size and gold recovery. The greater the fines fraction the higher the gold recovery.
Based on the metallurgical test work completed, total gold recovery is expected over a four-month period. Mineral reserves above 0.61 g/t Au are currently being crushed to a P80 of 5/8 inch and placed on the heap leach pad. During 2019, most of the ore was crushed but some lower grade material was placed on the heap as ROM. In the future, WLMC may decide to place additional ROM material, between 0.44 and 0.61 g/t Au, directly on the heap if warranted to do so. The total predicted gold recovery for crushed ore is 81% and ROM is 60%. The gold recovery projection of 81% for crushed ore is based primarily on column leach test work and partly on benchmarking other heap leach operations.
A high level of gold recovery (plus 90 percent) could be achieved using a grinding and milling process. The capital cost and economics of milling, however, is prohibitive given the current mineral reserves, leaving the most viable option to be a heap leach process with a carbon absorption/desorption and electrowinning to gold doré production given the low silver to gold ratio.
Any un-oxidized high-grade, refractory material, at or near the bottom of the pit, which is poorly amenable to cyanidation, will not be placed on the heap with the oxide ore and instead be treated as waste rock.
Processing the Isabella Pearl ore through screening, stacking, heap-leaching and ADR are basic, conventional and well understood processes that have been successfully and extensively employed throughout Nevada and worldwide.
Operating costs were based on actual costs realized during the first year of production at the Isabella Pearl mine. There is potential upside for consumable pricing through long term purchase agreements for cyanide, cement and diesel. There is also upside potential of lower maintenance and material cost in the early years of production when the equipment is new.
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23.6 | Infrastructure |
Electric power is being supplied by three diesel-powered electric generators, one 1500 kW generator is on-line, one 1500 kW generator is on standby, and another 200 kW generator will also be on standby. The generators are being used to supply power to the ADR and leaching system, the screening and crushing plant, the truck shop, the administrative offices,laboratory and ADR shop building. The 200kW generator is located near production wells to generate power for the well pumps if the need arises.
The use of line power supplied by NV Energy was investigated. However, permitting requirements and other uncertainties were likely to delay initial mine construction, so diesel-generated power was chosen.
The water balance required for the project is currently projected to be 120 gpm. Industrial (non-potable) water is being supplied from three production water wells. Permits for the WLMC production water wells and a maximum of 484-acre feet of water annually (300 gpm 24/7) have been issued by the Nevada State Engineer.
23.7 | Foreseeable Impacts of Risks |
The Isabella Pearl mine’s economic viability is generally at risk from changes in external factors which would lead to increases in input costs (eg. operating costs), or a fall in the price of gold which would reduce revenue. A decrease in gold price would not only reduce revenue but could also reduce the amount of economically mineable ore as a decrease in metal prices would result in a higher cut-off grade. Under the current gold price environment, the mineral reserves are considered robust.
Typical environmental risks include items being discovered on the mine site such as sensitive or endangered botany, or cultural artifacts, which could affect potential expansion and make additional permitting difficult at the Isabella Pearl mine. No environmental and permitting risks were identified and the BLM has issued all regulatory permits to operate the mine. Internal risks, specific to the mine include:
· | Current drill spacing is considered adequate but there is a low risk of a decrease in mineral resources due to additional drilling and subsequent re-modeling and re-estimations. |
· | Predicted gold recovery from the Isabella Pearl ore is based on the results of column-leach tests and expected results could be lower than expected. This risk is deemed to be low, given the numerous metallurgical tests that have been conducted on the Isabella Pearl mineral resources during the past 30 years. |
· | Should the metallurgical efficiencies and reagent consumption rates assumed in previous studies not be generally achieved, the mine may not achieve the predicted economic performance. |
· |
Geotechnical studies were preliminary at Isabella Pearl and additional drilling is recommended to raise the level of certainty for final pit slope angles. There is a risk that additional
|
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geotechnical studies might result in flatter pit slopes than used in previous studies, which would have an adverse impact on costs and mineral reserves. |
· | Finding and keeping the skilled employees required to operate the Isabella Pearl mine has proven to be challenging, given its rural location. Inadequate staffing could potentially increase operating costs by reducing operating efficiencies and increasing repair and maintenance costs. Recruiting costs might be higher than predicted. |
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24 | RECOMMENDATIONS |
The qualified persons preparing this report for WLMC recommend that the Isabella Pearl mine continue with open pit mining and processing the ore by screening, stacking, heap leaching, ADR and doré production. Some additional studies are recommended that may improve value and optimizations including additional drilling to convert mineral resources to mineral reserves, and additional geotechnical studies to possibly steepen pit slopes.
Recommendations for mineral reserve, metallurgical and geotechnical drilling at the Isabella Pearl mine are shown in Table 24.1. The estimated costs of the recommendations total $1,987,000. The cost of this recommended work has not been included in the Isabella Pearl cash-flow model.
Table 24.1 Summary of Costs for Optional Recommended Work
Description | Cost |
RC Drilling for Reserves | $1,237,000 |
DDH Drilling & Metallurgical Study | $380,000 |
DDH Drilling & Geotechnical Study | $370,000 |
Total | $1,987,000 |
24.1 | RC Drilling for Mineral Reserves |
The Isabella Pearl mine will benefit from additional drilling to the northwest of the Pearl deposit, mainly on the Scarlet structures. There is already potential identified for mineral reserve expansion in this area. Once exploration drilling is completed, mineral reserve estimates will be updated, and the mine plan modified in order to incorporate any new mineral reserves. The proposed budget for 7,000 m of exploration RC drilling is shown in Table 24.2. The estimated cost of the recommended exploration drilling program is $1,237,000.
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Table 24.2 Detailed Budget for Proposed Exploration Drilling at Isabella Pearl Mine
Description | Total Cost (USD) |
Salaries and Wages | 140,000 |
Health Insurance | 16,000 |
401K Expense | 2,000 |
Payroll Taxes Employer | 6,000 |
Contractors Drilling (RC) - 7,000 m | 560,000 |
Contractors Services | 40,000 |
Material Used by Contractors | 10,000 |
Topographical Studies | 4,800 |
Geophysical Studies | 200,000 |
Laboratory Assays - 6,100 samples | 152,500 |
Maintenance Vehicles | 200 |
Consulting Services | 11,500 |
Lodging | 12,000 |
Meals | 2,800 |
Auto Rental and Other Transport | 800 |
Other Travel Expenses | 4,800 |
Gasoline | 1,600 |
Cleaning Supplies | 200 |
Hardware, Paint and Other | 200 |
Field Supplies and Materials | 6,000 |
Courier Services | 1,200 |
Machinery and Equipment Rent | 2,400 |
Allocation of Labor Costs | 62,000 |
Total | 1,237,000 |
24.2 | DDH (Core) Drilling & Metallurgical Study |
It is recommended that WLMC conduct further metallurgical test work on PQ-size core samples from holes to be drilled in Isabella Pearl deposit. The main purpose of this program is mainly column test work for:
· | additional testing on near-surface Isabella ROM oxide mineralization; and |
· | confirm viability of Heap Leach, Carbon Adsorption/desorption and Electrowinning gold recovery of mixed oxide/sulfide mineral resources in the Pearl deposit. |
The proposed budget for 600 m of metallurgical core drilling and related studies is $380,000.
24.3 | DDH (Core) Drilling & Geotechnical Study |
The qualified persons deem the current open pit and dump designs to be adequate being similar to those proposed in earlier studies. Further review of the geotechnical requirements may not be necessary. However, previous geotechnical studies have only been preliminary at Isabella Pearl and
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additional drilling is recommended as an option to raise the level of certainty for final pit slope angles. This will ensure that the most optimal pit slopes are utilized and that proper setbacks are applied to the dump toes near the final pit crest. A more detailed geotechnical study will serve to further de-risk the project and could also lead to improvements, especially if steeper slopes can be achieved in the Pearl deposit mining area. The highest-grade portion of the mineral reserve is concentrated in a very small volume of ore located at or near the bottom of the ultimate pit.
Once DDH core drilling and the geotechnical study have been completed, the open pit and dump designs should be reviewed and modified, if necessary, to reflect the new geotechnical information. The proposed budget for 900 m of geotechnical DDH core drilling and related studies is $370,000.
24.4 | Other Recommendations |
Once construction has finished, it is recommended that an ore control methodology be implemented that minimizes sulfide materials being placed on the leach pad. This sulfide material, also located at or near the bottom of the pit, is refractory and should be treated as waste.
In addition, the following test work should be considered:
· | Develop a geometallurgical model to further characterize the mineral resources in the Isabella Pearl deposit, |
· | Blasting fragmentation study, |
· | Additional metallurgical test work including: |
o | Large column test work, additional ROM testing. |
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25 | REferences |
Back, G. N., 2009, Isabella-Pearl Project Biological Baseline Survey prepared by Great Basin Ecology, Inc.
Brown, F. H., Garcia, J. R., Devlin, B. D., and Lester, J. L., 2018, Report on the estimate of mineral resources and mineral reserves for the Isabella Pearl Project, Mineral County, Nevada for Walker Lane Minerals Corp.; Gold Resource Corporation Company report, p. 251.
Carr, J., 2007, Preliminary Review of Selected Unpatented Mining Claims, Sections 26, 26, 34 and 35, T9N, R34E and Section 3, T8N, R34E, Mineral County, Nevada, 25p. plus attachments.
Diner, Y. A., 1983, The HY precious metals lode prospect, Mineral County, Nevada: Master’s thesis submitted to the Department of Applied Science, Stanford University.
Ekrin, E. B. and Byers, F.M. Jr., 1985, Geologic Map of the Gabbs Mountain, Mount Ferguson, Luning, and Sunrise Flat Quadrangles.
Erwin, T. P., 2016, Mineral Status Report Mina Project Mineral County Nevada: Confidential Legal Advice provide to Gold Resource Corporation, 34p.
Great Basin Ecology, Inc., 2017, Isabella Pearl Project Biological Survey
Golden, J., 2000, Walker Lane Property, Level I Feasibility Report for the Isabella Mine: report prepared for Combined Metals Reduction Company by Sierra Mining & Engineering, LLC, 40p. and appendices.
Hamm, J. C., 2010, Technical Report on the Walker Lane Property: report prepared for Tesoro Gold Company, 103p.
Hedenquist, J., 2017a, Exploration for Lithocap-Hosted Epithermal Deposits: private presentation to Gold Resource Corp., Nevada: August 2017
Hedenquist, J., 2017b, Observations after brief visit to Isabella Pearl property, Nevada: private report for Walker Lane Minerals Corp., 4p
Kappes, Cassiday & Associates, 2017, Isabella Pearl Project Report of Metallurgical Test Work July 2017, 178p.
Miskelly, N., 2003 Progress on International Standards for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Reserves by Norman Miskelly, Chairman, Combined Reserves International Reporting Standards Committee (CRIRSCO) dated September 20, 2003; 22 pgs.
Nevada Department of Employment, Training and Rehabilitation, 2017, www.nvdetr.org
Nevada State Demographer, 2017, www.nvdemography.org
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Prenn, N. B., and Gustin, M .M., 2008, Resource Report and Scoping Study, Isabella-Pearl Deposits, Gabbs Valley Project, Mineral County, Nevada: report prepared for TXAU Investments, Inc. by Mine Development Associates, 78p.
Prenn, N. B., and Gustin, M. M., 2011 & 2013, Pre-Feasibility Study and Updated Resource Report, Isabella-Pearl Deposits, Mineral County, Nevada: unpublished report prepared for Isabella Pearl LLC (“TXAU”), Inc. by Mine Development Associates, 127p.
SEC, 1992, Industry Guide 7: Description of property by issuers engaged or to be engaged in significant mining operations. Release No. FR-39, July 30, 1992, effective August 13, 1992, 57 Federal Register 36442.
SEC, 2018a, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 17 CFR Parts 229, 230, 239, and 249, RIN 3235-AL81, Modernization of Property Disclosures for Mining Registrants, Final Rule; 453 pgs.
SEC, 2018b, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Adopts Rules to Modernize Property Disclosures Required for Mining Registrants, Press Release (Release Nos. 33-10570; 34-84509; File No. S7-10-16) Dated October 31, 2018; 3 pgs.
US Census Bureau, 2017, www.census.gov
Welsh Hagen Associates, 2018, Plan of Operations and Reclamation Plan Isabella Pearl Project Luning, NV prepared for Walker Lane Minerals Corp., 81p.
Winmill, P. J., 2008, Title opinion on certain unpatented mining claims Mineral County, Nevada: private report prepared for HB Engineering Group for the benefit of TXAU Investments, 21p.
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26 | GLOSSARY |
26.1 | Definition of Terms |
The following terms used in this report shall have the following meanings:
Adit: | A more or less horizontal drive (walk-in mine) into a hill that is usually driven for the purpose of intersecting or mining an ore body. An adit may also be driven into a hill to intersect or connect a shaft for the purpose of dewatering. Adits were commonly driven on a slight incline to enable loaded mine trucks to have the advantage of a downhill run out, while the empty (lighter) truck was pushed uphill back into the hill. The incline also allows water to drain out of the adit. An adit only becomes a tunnel if it comes out again on the hill somewhere, like a train tunnel. |
Andesite: | An extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture characteristic of subduction zones (eg. western margin of South America). |
Doré: | Unrefined gold and silver bars usually containing more than 90% precious metal. |
Epithermal: | Used to describe gold deposits found on or just below the surface close to vents or volcanoes, formed at low temperature and pressure. |
Gram:
Gold Institute Production Cost Standard: |
A metric unit of weight and mass, equal to 1/1000th of a kilogram. One gram equals .035 ounces. One ounce equals 31.103 grams.
To improve the reporting practices within the gold mining industry, the gold industry in 1996 adosted The Gold Institute Production Cost Standard, a uniform format for reporting production costs on a per-ounce basis. The purpose of the Standard is to provide analysts and other market observers with a means to make more-reliable financial comparisons of companies and their operations. |
Hectare: | Another metric unit of measurement, for surface area. One hectare equals 1/200th of a square kilometer, 10,000 square meters, or 2.47 acres. A hectare is approximately the size of a soccer field. |
Kilometer: | Another metric unit of measurement, for distance. The prefix “kilo” means 1000, so one kilometer equals 1,000 meters, one kilometer equals 3,280.84 feet, which equals 1,093.6 yards, which equals 0.6214 miles. |
Mineral Resources: | Mineralization that does not constitute “mineral reserves” under U.S. reporting requirements as governed by SEC Industry Guide 7. Mineral Resources are described as a mineralized body that has been delineated by appropriate drilling and/or underground sampling to establish continuity and support an estimate of tonnage and an average grade of the selected metal(s). Mineral resources do not have demonstrated economic viability. The SEC only permits issuers to report mineral resources in tonnage and average grade without reference to contained ounces or quantities of other metals. |
Net Smelter Return Royalty: |
A share of the net revenue generated from the sale of metal produced by the mine. Usage-based payments made by one party (the “licensee”) to another (the “licensor”) for the right to ongoing use of an asset, sometimes called an intellectual property. Typically agreed upon as a percentage of gross or net revenues derived from the use of an asset or a fixed price per unit sold. |
Ore or Ore Deposit: | Rocks that contain economic amounts of minerals in them and that are expected to be profitably mined. |
Probable Reserves | Probable (Indicated) Reserves are those for which quantity and grade and/or quality are computed from information similar to that used for proven (measured) reserves, but the sites for inspection, sampling, and measurement are farther apart or are otherwise less adequately |
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spaced. The degree of assurance, although lower than that for proven (measured) reserves, is high enough to assume continuity between points of observation. | |
Proven Reserves | Proven (Measured) Reserves are those for which (a) quantity is computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, workings or drill holes, grade and/or quality are computed from the results of detailed sampling and (b) the sites for inspection, sampling and measurement are spaced so closely and the geologic character is so well defined that size, shape, depth and mineral content of reserves are well - established. |
Silicified: | Is combined or impregnated with silicon or silica. |
SurpacTM | Surpac-Gemcom software for geological modeling, mine planning, design, and surveying. |
Tonne: | A metric ton. One tonne equals 1000 kg. It is approximately equal to 2,204.62 pounds. |
US GAAP: | United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles |
Volcanic domes: | These are mounds that form when viscous lava is erupted slowly and piles up over the vent, rather than moving away as lava flow. The sides of most domes are very steep and typically are mantled with unstable rock debris formed during or shortly after dome emplacement. Most domes are composed of silica-rich lava which may contain enough pressurized gas to cause explosions during dome extrusion. |
Volcanogenic | Of volcanic origin |
VulcanTM: | Maptek-Vulcan 3D geology and mining modeling software program |
Conversion Table | |
Metric System | Imperial System |
1 meter (m) | 3.2808 feet (ft) |
1 kilometer (km) | 0.6214 mile (mi) |
1 square kilometer (km2) | 0.3861 square mile (mi2) |
1 square kilometer (km2) | 100 hectares (has) |
1 hectare (ha) | 2.471 acres (ac) |
1 gram (g) | 0.0322 troy ounce (oz) |
1 kilogram (kg) | 2.2046 pounds (lbs) |
1 tonne (t) | 1.1023 short tons (T) |
1 gram/tonne (g/t) | 0.0292 ounce/ton (oz/t) |
Unless stated otherwise, all measurements reported here are metric and currencies are expressed in constant U.S. dollars.
26.2 | Abbreviations |
Other common abbreviations encountered in the text of this report are listed below:
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˚C | degree Centigrade |
AA | atomic absorption |
AAL | American Assay Laboratories, Inc. |
AAS | Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy |
Ag | silver |
ALS | ALS Chemex and/or ALS USA Inc. |
Au | gold |
AuEq | Precious Metal Gold Equivalent (unless otherwise noted) |
BAPC | Bureau of Air Pollution Control |
BCY | bank cubic yard |
BLM | Bureau of Land Management |
BMMR | Bureau of Mining Regulation and Reclamation |
BWM | Bureau of Waste Management |
BWPC | Bureau of Water Pollution Control |
Cfm | cubic feet per minute |
Chemex | ALS Chemex and./or ALS USA Inc. |
CIM | Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy, and Petroleum |
CIP | Carbon-in-Pulp |
cm | centimeter |
CMRC | Combined Metals Reduction Company |
Combined Metals | Combined Metals Reduction Company |
core | diamond core-drilling method |
Cu | copper |
Dawson | Dawson Metallurgical Laboratories, Inc. |
DCNR | Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |
DDH | Diamond Drill (Core)Hole |
dmt | dry metric tonne |
EA | Environmental Assessment |
EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
FA-AA | fire assay with an atomic absorption finish |
ft or (‘) | feet = 0.3048 metre |
g/t | gram/tonne |
gpt | gram/tonne |
g Au/t | grams of gold per metric tonne |
g | gram(s) = 0.001 kg |
GIS | Geographic Information System |
gpm | gallons per minute |
GPS | Global Positioning System |
GRC | Gold Resource Corporation |
GRCN | GRC Nevada Inc. |
ha | hectare(s) |
Hazen | Hazen Research Inc. |
HB Engineering | HB Engineering Group |
Homestake | Homestake Mining Company |
hp | horsepower |
in or (“) | inch, 2.54 cm = 25.4 mm |
IRR | Internal Rate-of-Return |
Kay Drilling | Leroy Kay Drilling Co. |
K-Ar | Potassium-Argon (referring to age date technique) |
KCA | Kappes, Cassiday & Associates |
kg | kilogram, or kg/t (kilogram per tonne) |
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km | kilometer |
Kva | Kilovolt-amps |
Kw | Kilowatt |
lb | pound |
l | liter |
LOM | Life-of-Mine |
m | meter |
Ma | million years age |
masl | meters above sea level |
McClelland | McClelland Laboratories Inc. |
MDA | Mine Development Associates |
mean | arithmetic average of group of samples |
μm | microns |
mi | mile |
mm | millimeter |
MSHA | Mine Safety and Health Administration |
Mw | Megawatt |
NDEP | Nevada Division of Environmental Protection |
NDOW | Nevada Department of Wildlife |
NDWR | Nevada Division of Water Resources |
NEPA | National Environmental Policy Act |
NI 43-101 | Canadian Securities Administrators’ National Instrument 43-101 |
NOI | Notice-of-Intent |
NPV | Net Present Value |
NSR | Net Smelter Return |
Opst | Ounces per short ton |
Ounce | Troy ounce, or 31.1035 g |
oz. | ounce |
P80 3/4” | 80% passing a ¾” screen |
P100 3/8” | 100% passing a 3/8” screen |
Pb | lead |
POO | Plan of Operations |
ppb | parts per billion |
ppm | parts per million = g/t |
psi | pounds per square inch |
RC | reverse-circulation drilling method |
Repadre | Repadre International Corporation |
ROD | Record of Decision |
ROM | Run-of-Mine |
RQD | Rock Quality Designation |
QA/QC | Quality Assurance/Quality Control |
QP | Qualified Person |
SEC | Securities Exchange Commission |
Sierra Mining | Sierra Mining & Engineering, LLC |
SRCE | Standardized Reclamation Cost Estimator |
SRM | Standard Reference Material |
t, tonne | metric tonne = 1.1023 short tons |
TXAU | TXAU Investments, Inc./TXAU Development Ltd./Isabella Pearl LLC |
T, Ton | Imperial or short ton |
Tpd, or tpd | tonnes per day |
WLMC | Walker Lane Minerals Corporation |
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WPCP | Water Pollution Control Permit |
wt | weight |
Zn | zinc |
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Appendix A: Certificates of Qualified Persons
FRED H. BROWN, P.GEO.
I, Fred H. Brown, do hereby certify that:
1. I have worked as a geologist continuously since my graduation from university in 1987.
2. This certificate applies to the technical report titled “Report on the Estimate of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves for the Isabella Pearl Project, Mineral County, Nevada” (the “Technical Report”), with an effective date of December 31, 2018.
3. I graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology from New Mexico State University in 1987. I obtained a Graduate Diploma in Engineering (Mining) in 1997 from the University of the Witwatersrand and a Master of Science in Engineering (Civil) from the University of the Witwatersrand in 2005. I am registered with the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia as a Professional Geoscientist (#171602) and the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration as a Registered Member (#4152172).
4. I am currently employed as Senior Resource Geologist with GRC Nevada Inc., a Nevada corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Gold Resource Corporation, a Colorado corporation.
5. I certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional organization and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a “qualified person”.
My relevant experience for the purpose of the Technical Report is:
Underground Mine Geologist, Freegold Mine, AAC | 1987-1995 |
Mineral Resource Manager, Vaal Reefs Mine, Anglogold | 1995-1997 |
Resident Geologist, Venetia Mine, De Beers | 1997-2000 |
Chief Geologist, De Beers Consolidated Mines | 2000-2004 |
Consulting Geologist | 2004-2017 |
Senior Resource Geologist, GRCN | Present |
6. I am a co-author of this technical report and specifically responsible for part of Section 6 and Sections 11, 12 and 14.
Effective Date: December 31, 2019
{SIGNED}
[Fred H. Brown]
_______________________________
Fred H. Brown, P.Geo
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J. RICARDO GARCIA, P.ENG.
I, Ricardo Garcia, do hereby certify that:
1. I have worked as an engineer continuously since my graduation from university in 2002.
2. This certificate applies to the technical report titled “Report on the Estimate of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves for the Isabella Pearl Project, Mineral County, Nevada” (the “Technical Report”), with an effective date of December 31, 2018.
3. I graduated in 2002 with a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Industrial Engineering from Universidad de Lima, Lima Peru. I obtained in 2006 a Master of Engineering degree in Mining Engineering and Mineral Economics from McGill University, Montreal Canada. I am registered with the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia as a Professional Engineer (#152677).
4. I am currently employed as Corporate Chief Engineer with Gold Resource Corporation, a Colorado corporation.
5. I certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional organization and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a “qualified person”.
My relevant experience for the purpose of the Technical Report is:
Business Analyst, Hochschild Mining | 2002-2003 |
Education Assistant, Engineering and Economics, McGill University | 2004-2006 |
Mining Engineer, Teck Resources | 2006-2012 |
Senior Mining Engineer, RPM Global | 2012-2016 |
Corporate Chief Engineer, Gold Resource Corp. | Jan 2016-Present |
I am a co-author of this technical report and specifically responsible for Section 15 and parts of Sections 16, 17, 18, 19, 21 and 22.
Effective Date: December 31, 2019
{SIGNED}
[J. Ricardo Garcia]
_______________________________
J. Ricardo Garcia, P.Eng
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BARRY D. DEVLIN, P.GEO.
I, Barry D. Devlin, do hereby certify that:
1. I have worked as a geologist continuously since my graduation from university in 1981.
2. This certificate applies to the technical report titled “Report on the Estimate of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves for the Isabella Pearl Project, Mineral County, Nevada” (the “Technical Report”), with an effective date of December 31, 2018.
3. I graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree with honors in Geology in 1981 and a Masters in Geology, 1987, from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver Canada. I am registered with the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia as a Professional Geoscientist (#109658).
4. I am currently employed as Vice President, Exploration with Gold Resource Corporation, a Colorado corporation.
5. I certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional organization and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a “qualified person”.
My relevant experience for the purpose of the Technical Report is:
Project Geologist, U.S. Borax & Chemical Corp. | 1981-1984 |
Project Geologist, Derry, Michener, Booth & Wahl/Dolly Varden Minerals | 1985-1986 |
Chief Mine Geologist, Total Erickson Resources Ltd. | 1987 |
Senior Project Geologist, Welcome North Mines Ltd. | 1988-1989 |
Chief Mine Geologist/District Geologist/Exploration Manager, Hecla Mining Company | 1990-April 2007 |
Vice President, Exploration, Endeavour Silver Corp. | May 2007-Dec 2012 |
Vice President, Exploration, Gold Resource Corp. | Jan 2013-Present |
6. I am a co-author of this technical report and specifically responsible for Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 23, 24, 25 and 26.
Effective Date: December 31, 2019
{SIGNED}
[Barry D. Devlin]
_______________________________
Barry D. Devlin, P.Geo
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JOY L. LESTER, SME-RM
I, Joy L. Lester, do hereby certify that:
1. I have worked as a geologist continuously since my graduation from university in 1996.
2. This certificate applies to the technical report titled “Report on the Estimate of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves for the Isabella Pearl Project, Mineral County, Nevada” (the “Technical Report”), with an effective date of December 31, 2018.
3. I graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology from the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology in 1996. I obtained a Master of Science degree in Geology from the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology in 2004.
4. I am registered with the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration; Registered Member #4119722RM.
5. I am currently employed as Chief Geologist with Gold Resource Corporation, a Colorado corporation.
6. I certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional organization, and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a “qualified person”.
My relevant experience for the purpose of the Technical Report is:
Exploration Geologist, Gold Reserve Inc. Km 88, Venezuela, Exploration site | 1996-1999 |
Exploration Geologist, Hecla Venezuela, La Camorra Mine | 2002-2004 |
Exploration Geologist, Patagonia Gold S.A, Lomada Leiva and Cap Oeste Mines | 2004-2008 |
Senior Exploration Geologist/Project Manager Landore Resources Ltd., Ontario, Canada | 2008-2012 |
Consultant Geologist, Exploration, Gold Resource Corp. El Aguila Mine, Oaxaca Mex | 2013-2014 |
Chief Geologist, Gold Resource Corp., Nevada and El Aguila Mine Oaxaca Mexico | 2014-Present |
6. I am a co-author of this technical report and specifically responsible for Sections 7, 8 and 9 and part of Section 10.
Effective Date: December 31, 2019
{SIGNED}
[Joy L. Lester]
_______________________________
Joy Lester, P.Geo
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Appendix B: List of Mineral Claims
Claim
Name & No. |
Type |
BLM
Serial No. |
Loc Date |
Mineral
Cnty Doc |
Owner | Status | Acquisition History |
NEVADA CROWN # 1 | Unpat Lode | NMC56909 | 5/20/1944 | 36629 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
NEVADA CROWN # 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC56910 | 5/27/1944 | 36625 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
NEVADA CROWN # 5 | Unpat Lode | NMC56911 | 5/27/1944 | 36626 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
NEVADA CROWN # 6 | Unpat Lode | NMC56912 | 5/27/1944 | 36627 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
NEVADA CROWN # 7 | Unpat Lode | NMC56913 | 5/27/1944 | 36628 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
NEVADA CROWN # 10 | Unpat Lode | NMC56914 | 6/10/1944 | 36630 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
NEVADA CROWN # 11 | Unpat Lode | NMC56915 | 10/5/1971 | 12021 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
NEVADA CROWN 13 | Unpat Lode | NMC56917 | 10/6/1971 | 12023 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
NEVADA JUNEAU # 12 | Unpat Lode | NMC56919 | 10/5/1971 | 12017 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
NEVADA JUNEAU # 13 | Unpat Lode | NMC56920 | 10/5/1971 | 12018 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
NEVADA JUNEAU # 14 | Unpat Lode | NMC56921 | 10/5/1971 | 12019 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
NEVADA JUNEAU # 15 | Unpat Lode | NMC56922 | 10/5/1971 | 12020 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 1 | Unpat Lode | NMC84621 | 7/17/1979 | 39154 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC84622 | 7/17/1979 | 39155 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 3 | Unpat Lode | NMC84623 | 7/17/1979 | 39156 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 4 | Unpat Lode | NMC84624 | 7/17/1979 | 39157 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 5 | Unpat Lode | NMC84625 | 7/17/1979 | 39158 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 6 | Unpat Lode | NMC84626 | 7/17/1979 | 39159 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 7 | Unpat Lode | NMC84627 | 7/17/1979 | 39160 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 8 | Unpat Lode | NMC84628 | 7/17/1979 | 39161 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 9 | Unpat Lode | NMC84629 | 7/17/1979 | 39162 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 10 | Unpat Lode | NMC84630 | 7/17/1979 | 39163 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 11 | Unpat Lode | NMC84631 | 7/17/1979 | 39164 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 12 | Unpat Lode | NMC84632 | 7/17/1979 | 39165 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 13 | Unpat Lode | NMC84633 | 7/17/1979 | 39166 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 14 | Unpat Lode | NMC84634 | 7/17/1979 | 39167 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 15 | Unpat Lode | NMC84635 | 7/17/1979 | 39168 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 16 | Unpat Lode | NMC84751 | 7/17/1979 | 39169 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
CIVIT CAT # 1 | Unpat Lode | NMC117958 | 3/4/1973 | 16289 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
CIVIT CAT # 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC117959 | 3/4/1973 | 16290 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
CIVIT CAT # 3 | Unpat Lode | NMC117960 | 3/4/1973 | 16291 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
CIVIT CAT # 4 | Unpat Lode | NMC117961 | 3/4/1973 | 16292 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
CIVIT CAT # 5 | Unpat Lode | NMC117962 | 3/4/1973 | 16293 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
RLE # 3 | Unpat Lode | NMC133570 | 9/18/1979 | 41132 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
RLE # 4 | Unpat Lode | NMC133571 | 9/18/1979 | 41133 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
RLE # 5 | Unpat Lode | NMC133572 | 9/18/1979 | 41134 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
RLE # 6 | Unpat Lode | NMC133573 | 9/18/1979 | 41135 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY #203 | Unpat Lode | NMC151215 | 2/23/1980 | 44010 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY #204 | Unpat Lode | NMC151216 | 2/23/1980 | 44011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY #205 | Unpat Lode | NMC151217 | 2/23/1980 | 44012 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY #206 | Unpat Lode | NMC151218 | 2/23/1980 | 44013 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY #207 | Unpat Lode | NMC151219 | 2/23/1980 | 44014 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY #208 | Unpat Lode | NMC151220 | 2/23/1980 | 44015 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY #209 | Unpat Lode | NMC151221 | 2/23/1980 | 44016 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY #210 | Unpat Lode | NMC151222 | 2/23/1980 | 44017 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY #211 | Unpat Lode | NMC151223 | 2/23/1980 | 44018 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY #212 | Unpat Lode | NMC151224 | 2/23/1980 | 44019 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY #213 | Unpat Lode | NMC151225 | 2/23/1980 | 44020 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ISLAND # 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC218088 | 7/6/1981 | 53070 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ISLAND # 4 FRAC | Unpat Lode | NMC218090 | 7/7/1981 | 53072 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ISLAND # 5 | Unpat Lode | NMC218091 | 7/7/1981 | 53073 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ISLAND # 6 | Unpat Lode | NMC218092 | 7/8/1981 | 53074 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ISLAND # 10 | Unpat Lode | NMC218096 | 7/8/1981 | 53078 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ISLAND # 11 | Unpat Lode | NMC218097 | 7/8/1981 | 53079 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ISLAND # 12 | Unpat Lode | NMC218098 | 7/8/1981 | 53080 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 61 | Unpat Lode | NMC223041 | 9/1/1981 | 53915 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 66 | Unpat Lode | NMC223046 | 9/1/1981 | 53920 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 67 | Unpat Lode | NMC223047 | 9/1/1981 | 53921 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 68 | Unpat Lode | NMC223048 | 9/1/1981 | 53922 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 69 | Unpat Lode | NMC223049 | 9/1/1981 | 53923 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 70 | Unpat Lode | NMC223050 | 9/1/1981 | 53924 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 71 | Unpat Lode | NMC223051 | 9/1/1981 | 53925 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
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HY # 76 | Unpat Lode | NMC223056 | 9/1/1981 | 53930 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 109 | Unpat Lode | NMC223089 | 9/2/1981 | 53963 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 110 | Unpat Lode | NMC223090 | 9/2/1981 | 53964 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 115 | Unpat Lode | NMC223095 | 9/2/1981 | 53969 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 116 | Unpat Lode | NMC223096 | 9/2/1981 | 53970 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 122 | Unpat Lode | NMC223102 | 9/2/1981 | 53976 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 123 | Unpat Lode | NMC223103 | 9/2/1981 | 53977 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 124 | Unpat Lode | NMC223104 | 9/2/1981 | 53978 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 125 | Unpat Lode | NMC223105 | 9/2/1981 | 53979 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 126 | Unpat Lode | NMC223106 | 9/2/1981 | 53980 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 127 | Unpat Lode | NMC223107 | 9/2/1981 | 53981 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 128 | Unpat Lode | NMC223108 | 9/2/1981 | 53982 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 129 | Unpat Lode | NMC223109 | 9/2/1981 | 53983 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 132 | Unpat Lode | NMC223112 | 9/2/1981 | 53986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 134 | Unpat Lode | NMC223114 | 9/3/1981 | 53988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 135 | Unpat Lode | NMC223115 | 9/3/1981 | 53989 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 136 | Unpat Lode | NMC223116 | 9/3/1981 | 53990 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 137 | Unpat Lode | NMC223117 | 9/3/1981 | 53991 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 138 | Unpat Lode | NMC223118 | 9/3/1981 | 53992 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 139 | Unpat Lode | NMC223119 | 9/3/1981 | 53993 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 142 | Unpat Lode | NMC223122 | 9/3/1981 | 53996 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 143 | Unpat Lode | NMC223123 | 9/3/1981 | 53997 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 144 | Unpat Lode | NMC223124 | 9/3/1981 | 53998 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 145 | Unpat Lode | NMC223125 | 9/3/1981 | 53999 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 146 | Unpat Lode | NMC223126 | 9/3/1981 | 54000 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 147 | Unpat Lode | NMC223127 | 9/3/1981 | 54001 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 148 | Unpat Lode | NMC223128 | 9/3/1981 | 54002 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 149 | Unpat Lode | NMC223129 | 9/3/1981 | 54003 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 150 | Unpat Lode | NMC223130 | 9/3/1981 | 54004 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 151 | Unpat Lode | NMC223131 | 9/3/1981 | 54005 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 152 | Unpat Lode | NMC223132 | 9/3/1981 | 54006 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 153 | Unpat Lode | NMC223133 | 9/3/1981 | 54007 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 154 | Unpat Lode | NMC223134 | 9/3/1981 | 54008 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 214 | Unpat Lode | NMC223143 | 9/1/1981 | 53901 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 215 | Unpat Lode | NMC223144 | 9/1/1981 | 53902 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 216 | Unpat Lode | NMC223145 | 9/1/1981 | 53903 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 502 | Unpat Lode | NMC223147 | 9/2/1981 | 53905 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 505 | Unpat Lode | NMC223150 | 9/2/1981 | 53908 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 506 | Unpat Lode | NMC223151 | 9/2/1981 | 53909 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 508 | Unpat Lode | NMC223153 | 9/2/1981 | 53911 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 510 | Unpat Lode | NMC223155 | 9/2/1981 | 53913 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 511 | Unpat Lode | NMC223156 | 9/2/1981 | 53914 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
BROWN DERBY # 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC255811 | 11/18/1982 | 60125 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
BROWN DERBY # 3 | Unpat Lode | NMC255812 | 11/18/1982 | 60126 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HARD YAKKA # 1 | Unpat Lode | NMC298881 | 1/19/1984 | 65073 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HARD YAKKA # 3 | Unpat Lode | NMC298883 | 1/19/1984 | 65075 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HARD YAKKA # 5 | Unpat Lode | NMC298885 | 1/19/1984 | 65077 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HARD YAKKA # 6 | Unpat Lode | NMC298886 | 1/19/1984 | 65078 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
VULTURE DOG # 22 | Unpat Lode | NMC315752 | 6/21/1984 | 68277 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
HY # 300 | Unpat Lode | NMC319119 | 7/26/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 301 | Unpat Lode | NMC319120 | 7/26/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 302 | Unpat Lode | NMC319121 | 7/26/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 303 | Unpat Lode | NMC319122 | 7/26/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 304 | Unpat Lode | NMC319123 | 7/26/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 305 | Unpat Lode | NMC319124 | 7/26/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 306 | Unpat Lode | NMC319125 | 8/2/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 307 | Unpat Lode | NMC319126 | 8/2/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 308 | Unpat Lode | NMC319127 | 8/2/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 309 | Unpat Lode | NMC319128 | 8/2/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 310 | Unpat Lode | NMC319129 | 8/2/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 311 | Unpat Lode | NMC319130 | 8/2/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 600 | Unpat Lode | NMC319131 | 7/27/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 603 | Unpat Lode | NMC319134 | 7/27/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 609 | Unpat Lode | NMC319140 | 7/28/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 609 FRACTION | Unpat Lode | NMC319141 | 7/28/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 612 | Unpat Lode | NMC319144 | 7/30/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 615 | Unpat Lode | NMC319147 | 7/30/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
169
2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
HY # 616 | Unpat Lode | NMC319148 | 7/30/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 617 | Unpat Lode | NMC319149 | 8/1/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 618 | Unpat Lode | NMC319150 | 8/1/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 619 | Unpat Lode | NMC319151 | 8/1/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 622 | Unpat Lode | NMC319154 | 8/1/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 625 | Unpat Lode | NMC319157 | 8/1/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 626 | Unpat Lode | NMC319158 | 7/31/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 627 | Unpat Lode | NMC319159 | 7/31/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 628 | Unpat Lode | NMC319160 | 7/31/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 629 | Unpat Lode | NMC319161 | 7/31/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 630 | Unpat Lode | NMC319162 | 7/31/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 631 | Unpat Lode | NMC319163 | 7/31/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 633 | Unpat Lode | NMC319165 | 7/31/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 634 | Unpat Lode | NMC319166 | 7/31/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 635 | Unpat Lode | NMC319167 | 7/31/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 636 | Unpat Lode | NMC319168 | 8/2/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 639 | Unpat Lode | NMC319171 | 8/2/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 640 | Unpat Lode | NMC319172 | 8/2/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 641 | Unpat Lode | NMC319173 | 8/2/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY # 642 | Unpat Lode | NMC319174 | 8/2/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
RLE L# 7 | Unpat Lode | NMC329930 | 9/27/1984 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
CIVIT CAT # 6 | Unpat Lode | NMC340103 | 5/10/1985 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
CIVIT CAT # 7 | Unpat Lode | NMC340104 | 5/10/1985 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
CIVIT CAT # 8 | Unpat Lode | NMC340105 | 5/10/1985 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #651 | Unpat Lode | NMC366936 | 2/24/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #652 | Unpat Lode | NMC366937 | 2/24/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #653 | Unpat Lode | NMC366938 | 2/24/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #654 | Unpat Lode | NMC366939 | 2/24/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #655 | Unpat Lode | NMC366940 | 2/24/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #656 | Unpat Lode | NMC366941 | 2/24/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #657 | Unpat Lode | NMC366942 | 2/24/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #658 | Unpat Lode | NMC366943 | 2/24/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #659 | Unpat Lode | NMC366944 | 2/24/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #660 | Unpat Lode | NMC366945 | 2/24/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #661 | Unpat Lode | NMC366946 | 2/24/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #662 | Unpat Lode | NMC366947 | 2/24/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #679 | Unpat Lode | NMC381694 | 9/3/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #680 | Unpat Lode | NMC381695 | 9/3/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY 689 | Unpat Lode | NMC381704 | 9/3/1986 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
ARO # 1 | Unpat Lode | NMC392308 | 11/6/1986 | 79054 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ARO # 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC392309 | 11/6/1986 | 79055 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ARO # 3 | Unpat Lode | NMC392310 | 11/6/1986 | 79056 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ARO # 4 | Unpat Lode | NMC392311 | 11/6/1986 | 79057 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ARO # 6 | Unpat Lode | NMC392313 | 11/6/1986 | 79059 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ARO # 7 | Unpat Lode | NMC392314 | 11/6/1986 | 79060 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ARO # 8 | Unpat Lode | NMC392315 | 11/6/1986 | 79061 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ARO # 9 | Unpat Lode | NMC392316 | 11/6/1986 | 79062 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ARO # 10 | Unpat Lode | NMC392317 | 11/6/1986 | 79063 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ARO # 11 | Unpat Lode | NMC392318 | 11/6/1986 | 79064 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ARO # 12 | Unpat Lode | NMC392319 | 11/6/1986 | 79065 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ARO # 13 | Unpat Lode | NMC392320 | 11/6/1986 | 79066 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
ARO # 14 | Unpat Lode | NMC392321 | 11/6/1986 | 79067 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 6 | Unpat Lode | NMC405057 | 2/27/1987 | 79813 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 7 | Unpat Lode | NMC405058 | 2/27/1987 | 79814 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 8 | Unpat Lode | NMC405059 | 2/27/1987 | 79815 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 9 | Unpat Lode | NMC405060 | 2/27/1987 | 79816 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 10 | Unpat Lode | NMC405061 | 2/27/1987 | 79817 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 11 | Unpat Lode | NMC405062 | 2/27/1987 | 79818 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 12 | Unpat Lode | NMC405063 | 2/27/1987 | 79819 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 13 | Unpat Lode | NMC405064 | 2/27/1987 | 79820 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 19 | Unpat Lode | NMC405070 | 2/27/1987 | 79826 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 23 | Unpat Lode | NMC405074 | 2/27/1987 | 79830 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 24 | Unpat Lode | NMC405075 | 2/27/1987 | 79831 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 25 | Unpat Lode | NMC405076 | 2/27/1987 | 79832 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 26 | Unpat Lode | NMC405077 | 2/27/1987 | 79833 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 36 | Unpat Lode | NMC405087 | 2/27/1987 | 79843 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 49 | Unpat Lode | NMC405100 | 2/27/1987 | 79856 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
170
2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
SODA # 50 | Unpat Lode | NMC405101 | 2/27/1987 | 79857 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 51 | Unpat Lode | NMC405102 | 2/27/1987 | 79858 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
SODA # 52 | Unpat Lode | NMC405103 | 2/27/1987 | 79859 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
BEN # 8 | Unpat Lode | NMC419911 | 4/28/1987 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
BEN # 13 | Unpat Lode | NMC419916 | 4/29/1987 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
BEN # 14 | Unpat Lode | NMC419917 | 4/29/1987 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #739 | Unpat Lode | NMC470073 | 1/6/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #740 | Unpat Lode | NMC470074 | 1/6/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #741 | Unpat Lode | NMC470075 | 1/6/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #742 | Unpat Lode | NMC470076 | 1/6/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #743 | Unpat Lode | NMC470077 | 1/6/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #744 | Unpat Lode | NMC470078 | 1/6/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #745 | Unpat Lode | NMC470079 | 1/6/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #746 | Unpat Lode | NMC470080 | 1/6/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #747 | Unpat Lode | NMC470081 | 1/6/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #748 | Unpat Lode | NMC470082 | 1/6/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY #749 | Unpat Lode | NMC470083 | 1/6/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 4 | Unpat Lode | NMC470986 | 1/12/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 5 | Unpat Lode | NMC470987 | 1/12/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 14 | Unpat Lode | NMC470988 | 1/12/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 15 | Unpat Lode | NMC470989 | 1/12/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #119 | Unpat Lode | NMC472828 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #120 | Unpat Lode | NMC472829 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #121 | Unpat Lode | NMC472830 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #122 | Unpat Lode | NMC472831 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #124 | Unpat Lode | NMC472833 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #126 | Unpat Lode | NMC472835 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #127 | Unpat Lode | NMC472836 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #128 | Unpat Lode | NMC472837 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #129 | Unpat Lode | NMC472838 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #130 | Unpat Lode | NMC472839 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #131 | Unpat Lode | NMC472840 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #132 | Unpat Lode | NMC472841 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #133 | Unpat Lode | NMC472842 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #134 | Unpat Lode | NMC472843 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #136 | Unpat Lode | NMC472844 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #135 | Unpat Lode | NMC472845 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #137 | Unpat Lode | NMC472846 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #138 | Unpat Lode | NMC472847 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #139 | Unpat Lode | NMC472848 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #140 | Unpat Lode | NMC472849 | 2/4/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #103 | Unpat Lode | NMC476566 | 2/19/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #104 | Unpat Lode | NMC476567 | 2/19/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #105 | Unpat Lode | NMC476568 | 2/19/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #106 | Unpat Lode | NMC476569 | 2/19/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #107 | Unpat Lode | NMC476570 | 2/15/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #108 | Unpat Lode | NMC476571 | 2/15/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #109 | Unpat Lode | NMC476572 | 2/15/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #110 | Unpat Lode | NMC476573 | 2/15/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #111 | Unpat Lode | NMC476574 | 2/15/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #112 | Unpat Lode | NMC476575 | 2/15/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #113 | Unpat Lode | NMC476576 | 2/15/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #114 | Unpat Lode | NMC476577 | 2/15/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #115 | Unpat Lode | NMC476578 | 2/15/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #116 | Unpat Lode | NMC476579 | 2/15/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #141 | Unpat Lode | NMC476580 | 2/15/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #142 | Unpat Lode | NMC476581 | 2/15/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #203 | Unpat Lode | NMC505509 | 5/24/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #204 | Unpat Lode | NMC505510 | 5/24/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #205 | Unpat Lode | NMC505511 | 5/23/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #206 | Unpat Lode | NMC505512 | 5/23/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #219 | Unpat Lode | NMC505516 | 5/23/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #220 | Unpat Lode | NMC505517 | 5/23/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #221 | Unpat Lode | NMC505518 | 5/23/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #222 | Unpat Lode | NMC505519 | 5/23/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #223 | Unpat Lode | NMC505520 | 5/23/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #224 | Unpat Lode | NMC505521 | 5/24/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU |
171
2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
GL #226 | Unpat Lode | NMC505523 | 5/24/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #227 | Unpat Lode | NMC505524 | 5/24/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #228 | Unpat Lode | NMC505525 | 5/24/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #229 | Unpat Lode | NMC505526 | 5/24/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #230 | Unpat Lode | NMC505527 | 5/24/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 344 | Unpat Lode | NMC520617 | 9/13/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 355 | Unpat Lode | NMC520628 | 9/13/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 370 | Unpat Lode | NMC520641 | 9/13/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 378 | Unpat Lode | NMC520649 | 7/26/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 379 | Unpat Lode | NMC520650 | 7/26/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 380 | Unpat Lode | NMC520651 | 7/26/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 381 | Unpat Lode | NMC520652 | 7/26/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 385 | Unpat Lode | NMC520655 | 8/30/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 386 | Unpat Lode | NMC520656 | 8/30/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 387 | Unpat Lode | NMC520657 | 8/30/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 390 | Unpat Lode | NMC520660 | 8/30/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 392 | Unpat Lode | NMC520662 | 9/1/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 393 | Unpat Lode | NMC520663 | 9/1/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 394 | Unpat Lode | NMC520664 | 9/1/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL # 395 | Unpat Lode | NMC520665 | 9/1/1988 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #396 | Unpat Lode | NMC559377 | 4/13/1989 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #397 | Unpat Lode | NMC559378 | 4/13/1989 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #398 | Unpat Lode | NMC559379 | 4/13/1989 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #399 | Unpat Lode | NMC559380 | 4/13/1989 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #400 | Unpat Lode | NMC559381 | 4/13/1989 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #401 | Unpat Lode | NMC559382 | 4/17/1989 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #402 | Unpat Lode | NMC559383 | 4/17/1989 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
GL #403 | Unpat Lode | NMC559384 | 4/17/1989 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
YO HO | Unpat Lode | NMC602526 | 7/11/1990 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SODA 37 | Unpat Lode | NMC602527 | 5/10/1990 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SODA 38 | Unpat Lode | NMC602528 | 5/10/1990 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SODA 5 | Unpat Lode | NMC636629 | 9/18/1991 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SODA 32 | Unpat Lode | NMC636630 | 9/18/1991 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
HY 632 | Unpat Lode | NMC673880 | 10/4/1992 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
NEW 644 | Unpat Lode | NMC814799 | 2/4/2000 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
NEW COPPER CLIFFS 1 | Unpat Lode | NMC842885 | 11/13/2002 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
NEW COPPER CLIFFS 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC842886 | 11/13/2002 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
NEW COPPER CLIFFS 3 | Unpat Lode | NMC842887 | 11/13/2002 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
NEW COPPER CLIFFS 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC842888 | 11/13/2002 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
(a/k/a NEW COPPER CLIFFS 4) | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | ||||
NEW COPPER CLIFFS 5 | Unpat Lode | NMC842889 | 11/13/2002 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 1 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053898 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053899 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 3 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053900 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 4 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053901 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 5 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053902 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 6 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053903 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 7 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053904 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 8 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053905 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 9 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053906 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 10 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053907 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 11 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053908 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 12 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053909 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 13 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053910 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 14 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053911 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 15 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053912 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 16 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053913 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 17 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053914 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SOD 18 | Unpat Lode | NMC1053915 | 8/2/2011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From TXAU | |
SODAR 20 | Unpat Lode | NMC1185560 | 11/16/2018 | 170004 | WLMC | 100% Owned |
Acq
From TXAU
(WLMC reloc of SODA claims) |
SODAR 21 | Unpat Lode | NMC1185561 | 11/16/2018 | 170005 | WLMC | 100% Owned | same |
SODAR 22 | Unpat Lode | NMC1185562 | 11/16/2018 | 170006 | WLMC | 100% Owned | same |
SODAR 33 | Unpat Lode | NMC1185563 | 11/16/2018 | 170007 | WLMC | 100% Owned | same |
SODAR 34 | Unpat Lode | NMC1185564 | 11/16/2018 | 170008 | WLMC | 100% Owned | same |
SODAR 35 | Unpat Lode | NMC1185565 | 11/16/2018 | 170009 | WLMC | 100% Owned | same |
SODAR 46 | Unpat Lode | NMC1185566 | 11/16/2018 | 170010 | WLMC | 100% Owned | same |
172
2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
SODAR 47 | Unpat Lode | NMC1185567 | 11/16/2018 | 170011 | WLMC | 100% Owned | same |
SODAR 48 | Unpat Lode | NMC1185568 | 11/16/2018 | 170012 | WLMC | 100% Owned | same |
ISABELLA # 12 | Unpat Lode | NMC170214 | 9/1/1980 | 45607 | WLMC |
WLMC 50% Own
WLMC 50% Lse |
Acq From TXAU
(WLMC 50% - Hayes et al 50%) |
ISABELLA # 13 | Unpat Lode | NMC170215 | 9/1/1980 | 45608 | WLMC | same | Acq From TXAU |
ISABELLA # 14 | Unpat Lode | NMC170216 | 9/1/1980 | 45609 | WLMC | same | Acq From TXAU |
ISABELLA # 15 | Unpat Lode | NMC170217 | 9/1/1980 | 45610 | WLMC | same | Acq From TXAU |
ISABELLA # 16 FRAC | Unpat Lode | NMC170218 | 9/1/1980 | 45611 | WLMC | same | Acq From TXAU |
ISABELLA # 17 FRAC | Unpat Lode | NMC170219 | 9/21/1980 | 45612 | WLMC | same | Acq From TXAU |
ISABELLA # 19 FRAC | Unpat Lode | NMC170221 | 9/28/1980 | 45614 | WLMC | same | Acq From TXAU |
ISABELLA # 1 | Unpat Lode | NMC235711 | 1/30/1982 | 56931 | WLMC | same | Acq From TXAU |
ISABELLA # 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC235712 | 1/30/1982 | 56932 | WLMC | same | Acq From TXAU |
ISABELLA # 3 | Unpat Lode | NMC235713 | 1/30/1982 | 56933 | WLMC | same | Acq From TXAU |
IS 1 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130461 | 9/2/2016 | 164174 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130462 | 9/2/2016 | 164175 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 3 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130463 | 9/2/2016 | 164176 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 4 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130464 | 9/2/2016 | 164177 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 5 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130465 | 9/2/2016 | 164178 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 6 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130466 | 9/2/2016 | 164179 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 7 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130467 | 9/2/2016 | 164180 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 8 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130468 | 9/2/2016 | 164181 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 9 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130469 | 9/2/2016 | 164182 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 10 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130470 | 9/2/2016 | 164183 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 11 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130471 | 9/4/2016 | 164184 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 12 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130472 | 9/4/2016 | 164185 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 13 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130473 | 9/4/2016 | 164186 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 14 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130474 | 9/4/2016 | 164187 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 15 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130475 | 9/4/2016 | 164188 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 16 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130476 | 9/4/2016 | 164189 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 17 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130477 | 9/4/2016 | 164190 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 18 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130478 | 9/4/2016 | 164191 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 19 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130479 | 9/4/2016 | 164192 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 20 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130480 | 9/4/2016 | 164193 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 21 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130481 | 9/4/2016 | 164194 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 22 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130482 | 9/4/2016 | 164195 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 23 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130483 | 9/4/2016 | 164196 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 24 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130484 | 9/4/2016 | 164197 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 25 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130485 | 9/4/2016 | 164198 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 26 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130486 | 9/4/2016 | 164199 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 27 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130487 | 9/4/2016 | 164200 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 28 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130488 | 9/4/2016 | 164201 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 29 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130489 | 9/4/2016 | 164202 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 30 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130490 | 9/4/2016 | 164203 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 31 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130491 | 9/4/2016 | 164204 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 32 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130492 | 9/4/2016 | 164205 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 33 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130493 | 9/4/2016 | 164206 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 34 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130494 | 9/4/2016 | 164207 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 35 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130495 | 9/4/2016 | 164208 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 36 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130496 | 9/4/2016 | 164209 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 37 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130497 | 9/4/2016 | 164210 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 38 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130498 | 9/4/2016 | 164211 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 39 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130499 | 9/4/2016 | 164212 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 40 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130500 | 9/4/2016 | 164213 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 41 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130501 | 9/12/2016 | 164214 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 42 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130502 | 9/12/2016 | 164215 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 43 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130503 | 9/12/2016 | 164216 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 44 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130504 | 9/12/2016 | 164217 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 45 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130505 | 9/12/2016 | 164218 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 46 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130506 | 9/12/2016 | 164219 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 47 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130507 | 9/12/2016 | 164220 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 48 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130508 | 9/12/2016 | 164221 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 49 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130509 | 9/12/2016 | 164222 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 50 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130510 | 9/12/2016 | 164223 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 51 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130511 | 9/12/2016 | 164224 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 52 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130512 | 9/12/2016 | 164225 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 53 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130513 | 9/12/2016 | 164226 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 54 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130514 | 9/12/2016 | 164227 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
173
2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
IS 55 | Unpat Lode | NMC1130515 | 9/12/2016 | 164228 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136485 | 12/10/2016 | 164811 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 4 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136486 | 12/10/2016 | 164812 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 56 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136487 | 9/26/2016 | 164815 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 57 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136488 | 9/26/2016 | 164816 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 59 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136489 | 9/26/2016 | 164817 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 60 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136490 | 9/26/2016 | 164818 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 61 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136491 | 9/26/2016 | 164819 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 62 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136492 | 9/26/2016 | 164820 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 63 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136493 | 9/26/2016 | 164821 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 65 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136494 | 9/26/2016 | 164822 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 66 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136495 | 9/26/2016 | 164823 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 67 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136496 | 9/26/2016 | 164824 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 98 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136497 | 9/27/2016 | 164825 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 99 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136498 | 9/27/2016 | 164826 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 100 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136499 | 9/27/2016 | 164827 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 101 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136500 | 9/27/2016 | 164828 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 102 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136501 | 9/27/2016 | 164829 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 103 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136502 | 9/27/2016 | 164830 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 104 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136503 | 9/27/2016 | 164831 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 105 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136504 | 9/27/2016 | 164832 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 113 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136505 | 9/29/2016 | 164833 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 114 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136506 | 9/29/2016 | 164834 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 115 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136507 | 9/29/2016 | 164835 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 116 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136508 | 9/29/2016 | 164836 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 117 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136509 | 9/29/2016 | 164837 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 118 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136510 | 9/29/2016 | 164838 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 120 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136511 | 9/30/2016 | 164839 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 122 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136512 | 9/30/2016 | 164840 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 124 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136513 | 9/30/2016 | 164841 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 126 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136514 | 9/30/2016 | 164842 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 128 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136515 | 9/30/2016 | 164843 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 130 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136516 | 9/30/2016 | 164844 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 132 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136517 | 9/30/2016 | 164845 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 134 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136518 | 9/30/2016 | 164846 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 200 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136519 | 12/10/2016 | 164813 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IS 201 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136520 | 12/10/2016 | 164814 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 1 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136521 | 10/14/2016 | 164847 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136522 | 10/14/2016 | 164848 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 3 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136523 | 10/14/2016 | 164849 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 4 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136524 | 10/14/2016 | 164850 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 5 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136525 | 10/14/2016 | 164851 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 6 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136526 | 10/14/2016 | 164852 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 7 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136527 | 10/14/2016 | 164853 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 8 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136528 | 10/14/2016 | 164854 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 9 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136529 | 10/14/2016 | 164855 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 10 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136530 | 10/14/2016 | 164856 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 12 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136531 | 10/14/2016 | 164857 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 14 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136532 | 10/14/2016 | 164858 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 29 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136533 | 12/8/2016 | 164859 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 30 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136534 | 12/8/2016 | 164860 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 31 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136535 | 12/8/2016 | 164861 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 32 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136536 | 10/13/2016 | 164862 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 33 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136537 | 10/13/2016 | 164863 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 34 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136538 | 10/13/2016 | 164864 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 35 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136539 | 10/13/2016 | 164865 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 36 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136540 | 10/13/2016 | 164866 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 37 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136541 | 10/13/2016 | 164867 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 39 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136542 | 10/13/2016 | 164868 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 41 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136543 | 10/13/2016 | 164869 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 43 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136544 | 10/13/2016 | 164870 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 48 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136545 | 12/9/2016 | 164871 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 49 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136546 | 12/9/2016 | 164872 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 50 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136547 | 12/9/2016 | 164873 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 51 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136548 | 12/9/2016 | 164874 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 52 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136549 | 10/13/2016 | 164875 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 53 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136550 | 10/13/2016 | 164876 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
174
2020 REPORT ON THE MINERAL RESOURCE & RESERVE ESTIMATE FOR THE ISABELLA PEARL MINE, NEVADA |
IW 54 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136551 | 10/13/2016 | 164877 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 55 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136552 | 10/13/2016 | 164878 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 56 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136553 | 10/13/2016 | 164879 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 57 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136554 | 10/13/2016 | 164880 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 58 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136555 | 10/13/2016 | 164881 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 59 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136556 | 10/13/2016 | 164882 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 60 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136557 | 10/13/2016 | 164883 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 61 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136558 | 10/13/2016 | 164884 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 62 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136559 | 12/10/2016 | 164885 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 63 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136560 | 12/10/2016 | 164886 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 64 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136561 | 12/10/2016 | 164887 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
IW 65 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136562 | 12/10/2016 | 164888 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 15 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136563 | 10/1/2016 | 164889 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 16 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136564 | 10/1/2016 | 164890 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 17 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136565 | 10/1/2016 | 164891 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 18 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136566 | 10/1/2016 | 164892 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 19 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136567 | 10/1/2016 | 164893 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 20 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136568 | 10/1/2016 | 164894 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 21 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136569 | 10/1/2016 | 164895 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 22 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136570 | 10/1/2016 | 164896 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 23 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136571 | 10/1/2016 | 164897 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 24 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136572 | 10/1/2016 | 164898 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 25 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136573 | 10/1/2016 | 164899 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 26 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136574 | 10/1/2016 | 164900 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 27 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136575 | 10/1/2016 | 164901 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 28 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136576 | 10/1/2016 | 164902 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 43 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136577 | 10/1/2016 | 164903 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 44 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136578 | 10/1/2016 | 164904 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 45 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136579 | 12/7/2016 | 164905 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 46 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136580 | 12/7/2016 | 164906 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 82 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136581 | 12/7/2016 | 164907 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
WH 83 | Unpat Lode | NMC1136582 | 12/7/2016 | 164908 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From NV Select Royalty |
TDG 1 | Unpat Lode | NMC989539 | 03/23/2008 | 146107 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From Gateway Gold (USA) Corp. |
TDG 2 | Unpat Lode | NMC989540 | 03/23/2008 | 146108 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From Gateway Gold (USA) Corp. |
TDG 3 | Unpat Lode | NMC989541 | 03/23/2008 | 146109 | WLMC | 100% Owned | Acq From Gateway Gold (USA) Corp. |
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Appendix C: Cross Sections
Plan map showing location of 50 m – spaced cross sections for the Isabella Pearl deposit.
Codes for Section Au Grade and Block Classification (as shown on cross sections E through N below)
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