|
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) |
| |
6770
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number) |
| |
61-1991323
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number) |
|
|
Simon Luk
Winston & Strawn LLP 42nd Floor Bank of China Tower 1 Garden Road Central, Hong Kong Tel: +852 2292 2000 |
| |
Michael J. Blankenship
Winston & Strawn LLP 800 Capitol Street, Suite 2400 Houston, Texas 77002 Tel: (713) 651-2600 |
| |
Mitchell S. Nussbaum
Giovanni Caruso Loeb & Loeb LLP 345 Park Avenue New York, New York 10154 Telephone: (212) 407-4000 |
|
| Large accelerated filer ☐ | | | Accelerated filer ☐ | | | Non-accelerated filer ☒ | | |
Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company ☒ |
|
| | |
Per Unit
|
| |
Total
|
| ||||||
Public offering price
|
| | | $ | 10.00 | | | | | $ | 100,000,000 | | |
Underwriting discounts and commissions(1)
|
| | | $ | 0.20 | | | | | $ | 2,000,000 | | |
Proceeds, before expenses, to RF Acquisition Corp.
|
| | | $ | 9.80 | | | | | $ | 98,000,000 | | |
| | |
Page
|
| |||
| | | | 1 | | | |
| | | | 10 | | | |
| | | | 29 | | | |
| | | | 30 | | | |
| | | | 32 | | | |
| | | | 68 | | | |
| | | | 69 | | | |
| | | | 72 | | | |
| | | | 73 | | | |
| | | | 75 | | | |
| | | | 76 | | | |
| | | | 81 | | | |
| | | | 107 | | | |
| | | | 115 | | | |
| | | | 118 | | | |
| | | | 120 | | | |
| | | | 135 | | | |
| | | | 143 | | | |
| | | | 149 | | | |
| | | | 149 | | | |
| | | | 150 | | | |
| | | | F-1 | | |
| | |
September 30, 2021
|
| |||||||||
| | |
Actual
|
| |
As Adjusted
|
| ||||||
Balance Sheet Data:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Working capital (deficiency)(1)
|
| | | $ | (328,027) | | | | | $ | 749,012 | | |
Total assets(2)
|
| | | $ | 347,388 | | | | | $ | 102,009,381 | | |
Total liabilities(3)
|
| | | $ | 328,027 | | | | | $ | 260,369 | | |
Value of Class A common stock subject to possible redemption(4)
|
| | | $ | — | | | | | $ | 101,000,000 | | |
Stockholders’ equity(5)
|
| | | $ | 19,361 | | | | | $ | 749,012 | | |
| | |
Without
Over-allotment Option |
| |
Over-allotment
Option Exercised |
| ||||||
Gross proceeds | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross proceeds from units offered to public(1)
|
| | | $ | 100,000,000 | | | | | $ | 115,000,000 | | |
Gross proceeds from private placement warrants offered in the private placement to the sponsor
|
| | |
$
|
4,550,000
|
| | | | $ | 5,000,000 | | |
Total gross proceeds
|
| | | $ | 104,550,000 | | | | | $ | 120,000,000 | | |
Estimated offering expenses(2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Underwriting commissions (2.0% of gross proceeds from units offered to
public) |
| | | $ | 2,000,000 | | | | | $ | 2,300,000 | | |
Legal fees and expenses
|
| | | | 300,000 | | | | | | 300,000 | | |
Printing and engraving expenses
|
| | | | 25,000 | | | | | | 25,000 | | |
Accounting fees and expenses
|
| | | | 40,000 | | | | | | 40,000 | | |
SEC/FINRA Expenses
|
| | | | 60,093 | | | | | | 60,093 | | |
Nasdaq listing and filing fees
|
| | | | 55,000 | | | | | | 55,000 | | |
Miscellaneous
|
| | | | 79,907 | | | | | | 79,907 | | |
Total offering expenses (other than underwriting commissions)
|
| | | $ | 560,000 | | | | | $ | 560,000 | | |
Proceeds after estimated offering expenses
|
| | | $ | 101,990,000 | | | | | $ | 117,140,000 | | |
Held in trust account
|
| | | $ | 101,000,000 | | | | | $ | 116,150,000 | | |
% of public offering size
|
| | | | 101% | | | | | | 101% | | |
Not held in trust account
|
| | | $ | 990,000 | | | | | $ | 990,000 | | |
| | |
Amount
|
| |
% of Total
|
| ||||||
Legal, accounting, due diligence, travel, and other expenses in connection with any business combination(4)
|
| | | $ | 250,000 | | | | | | 25.2% | | |
Legal and accounting fees related to regulatory reporting obligations
|
| | | | 75,000 | | | | | | 7.6% | | |
Nasdaq and other regulatory fees
|
| | | | 55,000 | | | | | | 5.6% | | |
Payment for office space, secretarial and administrative services
|
| | | | 210,000 | | | | | | 21.2% | | |
Directors and Officers insurance premiums
|
| | | | 300,000 | | | | | | 30.3% | | |
Consulting, travel and miscellaneous expenses incurred during search for initial business combination target
|
| | | | 45,000 | | | | | | 4.5% | | |
Working capital to cover miscellaneous expenses
|
| | | | 55,000 | | | | | | 5.6% | | |
Total
|
| | | $ | 990,000 | | | | | | 100.0% | | |
| | |
Without
Over-allotment |
| |
With
Over-allotment |
| ||||||
Public offering price(1)
|
| | | $ | 9.09 | | | | | $ | 9.09 | | |
Net tangible book deficit before this offering
|
| | | | (0.11) | | | | | | (0.11) | | |
Increase attributable to public shares
|
| | | $ | 0.31 | | | | | $ | 0.34 | | |
Pro forma net tangible book value after this offering and the private placements
|
| | | $ | 0.20 | | | | | $ | 0.23 | | |
Dilution to public stockholders
|
| | | $ | 8.89 | | | | | $ | 8.86 | | |
Percentage of dilution to public stockholders
|
| | | | 97.8% | | | | | | 97.5% | | |
| | |
Shares Purchased
|
| |
Total Consideration
|
| |
Average
Price per Share |
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| | |
Number
|
| |
Percentage
|
| |
Amount
|
| |
Percentage
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
Class B common stock
|
| | | | 2,500,000(1) | | | | | | 18.2% | | | | | $ | 25,000 | | | | | | 0.02% | | | | | $ | 0.01 | | |
EBC founder shares
|
| | | | 200,000 | | | | | | 1.5% | | | | | $ | 20 | | | | | | 0.00% | | | | | $ | 0.0001 | | |
Public stockholders units
|
| | | | 11,000,000(2) | | | | | | 80.3% | | | | | $ | 100,000,000 | | | | | | 99.98% | | | | | $ | 9.09 | | |
Total
|
| | | | 13,700,000 | | | | | | 100% | | | | | $ | 100,025,020 | | | | | | 100% | | | | | | | | |
| | |
Without
Over-allotment |
| |
With
Over-allotment |
| ||||||
Numerator: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net tangible book deficit before this offering
|
| | | $ | (328,027) | | | | | $ | (328,027) | | |
Net proceeds from this offering and the private placements, net of expenses(1)
|
| | | $ | 101,990,000 | | | | | $ | 117,140,000 | | |
Net proceeds from EBC founder shares
|
| | | $ | 20 | | | | | $ | 20 | | |
Plus: Offering costs paid in advanced, excluded from tangible book value before this offering
|
| | | $ | 347,388 | | | | | $ | 347,388 | | |
Less: Over-allotment liability
|
| | | $ | 260,369 | | | | | | | | |
Less: Proceeds held in trust subject to redemption(2)
|
| | | $ | 101,000,000 | | | | | $ | 116,150,000 | | |
| | | | $ | 749,012 | | | | | $ | 1,009,381 | | |
Denominator: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class B common stock outstanding prior to this offering (founders shares)
|
| | | | 2,875,000 | | | | | | 2,875,000 | | |
Class B common stock forfeited if over-allotment is not exercised
|
| | | | (375,000) | | | | | | — | | |
Class A common stock included in the units offered
|
| | | | 10,000,000 | | | | | | 11,500,000 | | |
Class A common stock underlying the rights to be included in the public units
|
| | | | 1,000,000 | | | | | | 1,150,000 | | |
Class A EBC founder shares
|
| | | | 200,000 | | | | | | 200,000 | | |
Less: Shares subject to redemption
|
| | | | 10,000,000 | | | | | | 11,500,000 | | |
| | | | | 3,700,000 | | | | | | 4,225,000 | | |
| | |
September 30, 2021
|
| | |||||||||||
| | |
Actual
|
| |
As Adjusted (1)
|
| | ||||||||
Notes payable and due to related party(2)
|
| | | $ | — | | | | | $ | — | | | | ||
Over-allotment liability
|
| | | | | | | | | | 260,369 | | | | ||
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption: 0 and 10,000,000 shares, actual and as adjusted, respectively(4)
|
| | |
|
—
|
| | | | | 101,000,000 | | | | ||
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding,
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | ||
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value, 380,000,000 shares authorized;
200,000 shares issued and outstanding (excluding 10,000,000 shares subject to possible redemption), actual and as adjusted, respectively(4) |
| | | | 20 | | | | | | 20 | | | | ||
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized; 2,875,000 and 2,500,000 shares issued and outstanding, actual and as adjusted, respectively(3)
|
| | | | 288 | | | | | | 250 | | | | ||
Class B common stock subscriptions receivable
|
| | | | (5,000) | | | | | | — | | | | ||
Additional paid-in capital
|
| | | | 24,712 | | | | | | 749,401 | | | | ||
Accumulated deficit
|
| | | | (659) | | | | | | (659) | | | | ||
Total Stockholders’ equity (deficit)
|
| | | $ | 19,361 | | | | | $ | 749,012 | | | | ||
Total capitalization
|
| | | $ | 19,361 | | | | | $ | 102,009,381 | | | |
TYPE OF TRANSACTION
|
| |
WHETHER
STOCKHOLDER APPROVAL IS REQUIRED |
| |||
Purchase of assets
|
| | | | No | | |
Purchase of stock of target not involving a merger with the company
|
| | | | No | | |
Merger of target into a subsidiary of the company
|
| | | | No | | |
Merger of the company with a target
|
| | | | Yes | | |
| | | |
Redemptions in Connection
with our Initial Business Combination |
| |
Other Permitted Purchases of
Public Shares by our Affiliates |
| |
Redemptions if we fail to
Complete an Initial Business Combination |
|
|
Calculation of redemption price
|
| |
Redemptions at the time of our initial business combination may be made pursuant to a tender offer or in connection with a stockholder vote. The redemption price will be the same whether we conduct redemptions pursuant to a tender offer or in connection with a stockholder vote. In either case, our public stockholders may redeem their public shares for cash equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the initial business combination (which is initially anticipated to be $10.10 per share), including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes, divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, subject to the limitation that no redemptions will take place if all of the redemptions would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001.
|
| |
If we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination, our initial stockholders, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates may purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either prior to or following completion of our initial business combination. There is no limit to the prices that our initial stockholders, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates may pay in these transactions. If they engage in such transactions, they will be restricted from making any such purchases when they are in possession of any material nonpublic information not disclosed to the seller or if such purchases are prohibited by Regulation M under the Exchange Act. We do not currently anticipate that such purchases, if any, would constitute a tender offer subject to the tender offer rules under the Exchange Act or a going-private transaction subject to the going-private rules under the Exchange Act; however, if the purchasers determine at the time of any such purchases that the purchases are subject to such rules, the purchasers will comply with such rules.
|
| |
If we are unable to complete our initial business combination within 12 months , or if we decide to extend the period of time to consummate our business combination up to two times by an additional three months each time, at $0.10 per extension, for a total of $0.20 aggregate in trust, within 18 months, from the closing of this offering, we will redeem all public shares at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount, then on deposit in the trust account (which is initially anticipated to be $10.10 per share), including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses) divided by the number of then outstanding public shares. In the event the Company decides to exercise the Extension Option, investors will not have voting rights nor redemption rights in connection with such additional three-month extensions.
|
|
| | | |
Redemptions in Connection
with our Initial Business Combination |
| |
Other Permitted Purchases of
Public Shares by our Affiliates |
| |
Redemptions if we fail to
Complete an Initial Business Combination |
|
|
Impact to remaining stockholders
|
| |
The redemptions in connection with our initial business combination will reduce the book value per share for our remaining stockholders, who will bear the burden of interest withdrawn in order to pay our taxes (to the extent not paid from amounts accrued as interest on the funds held in the trust account).
|
| |
If the permitted purchases described above are made, there would be no impact to our remaining stockholders because the purchase price would not be paid by us.
|
| |
The redemption of our public shares if we fail to complete our initial business combination will reduce the book value per share for the shares held by our initial stockholders, who will be our only remaining stockholders after such redemptions.
|
|
| | | |
Terms of Our Offering
|
| |
Terms Under a Rule 419 Offering
|
|
|
Escrow of offering proceeds
|
| |
$101,000,000 of the net proceeds of this offering and private placements will be deposited into a trust account located in the United States with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acting as trustee.
|
| |
Approximately $88,200,000 of the offering proceeds, representing the gross proceeds of this offering, would be required to be deposited into either an escrow account with an insured depositary institution or in a separate bank account established by a broker-dealer in which the broker-dealer acts as trustee for persons having the beneficial interests in the account.
|
|
|
Investment of net proceeds
|
| |
$101,000,000 of the net proceeds of this offering and the private placements held in trust will be invested only in U.S. government treasury obligations with a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations.
|
| |
Proceeds could be invested only in specified securities such as a money market fund meeting conditions of the Investment Company Act or in securities that are direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed as to principal or interest by, the United States.
|
|
|
Receipt of interest on escrowed funds
|
| |
Interest on proceeds from the trust account to be paid to stockholders is reduced by (i) any taxes paid or payable and (ii) in the event of our liquidation for failure to complete our initial business combination within the allotted time, up to $100,000 of net interest that may be released to us should we have no or insufficient working capital to fund the costs and expenses of our dissolution and
|
| |
Interest on funds in escrow account would be held for the sole benefit of investors, unless and only after the funds held in escrow were released to us in connection with our completion of a business combination.
|
|
| | | |
Terms of Our Offering
|
| |
Terms Under a Rule 419 Offering
|
|
| | | | liquidation. | | | | |
|
Limitation on fair value or net assets of target business
|
| |
We must complete one or more initial business combinations having an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the value of the assets held in the trust account at the time of our signing a definitive agreement in connection with our initial business combination.
|
| |
The fair value or net assets of a target business must represent at least 80% of the maximum offering proceeds.
|
|
|
Trading of securities issued
|
| |
The units are expected to begin trading on or promptly after the date of this prospectus. The Class A common stock, rights, and warrants comprising the units will begin separate trading on the 90th day following the date of this prospectus unless EarlyBirdCapital informs us of its decision to allow earlier separate trading, subject to our having filed the Current Report on Form 8-K described below and having issued a press release announcing when such separate trading will begin. We will file the Current Report on Form 8-K promptly after the closing of this offering, which closing is anticipated to take place three business days from the date of this prospectus. If the over-allotment option is exercised following the initial filing of such Current Report on Form 8-K, a second or amended Current Report on Form 8-K will be filed to provide updated financial information to reflect the exercise of the over- allotment option.
|
| |
No trading of the units or the underlying Class A common stock, rights, and warrants would be permitted until the completion of a business combination. During this period, the securities would be held in the escrow or trust account.
|
|
|
Exercise of the warrants
|
| |
The warrants cannot be exercised until the 30 days after the completion of our initial business combination.
|
| |
The warrants could be exercised prior to the completion of a business combination, but securities received and cash paid in connection with the exercise would be deposited in the escrow or trust account.
|
|
|
Election to remain an investor
|
| |
We will provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their public shares for cash at a per share price equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes, divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, upon the completion of our initial business combination, subject to the limitations described herein. We may not be required
|
| |
A prospectus containing information pertaining to the business combination required by the SEC would be sent to each investor. Each investor would be given the opportunity to notify the company in writing, within a period of no less than 20 business days and no more than 45 business days from the effective date of a post-effective amendment to the company’s registration statement, to decide if he, she or it elects to remain a stockholder of the company or require the return of his, her or its investment. If the company has not received the notification by the end of the 45th business day, funds
|
|
| | | |
Terms of Our Offering
|
| |
Terms Under a Rule 419 Offering
|
|
| | | |
by law to hold a stockholder vote. If we are not required by law and do not otherwise decide to hold a stockholder vote, we will, pursuant to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, conduct the redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules of the SEC and file tender offer documents with the SEC which will contain substantially the same financial and other information about the initial business combination and the redemption rights as is required under the SEC’s proxy rules. If, however, we hold a stockholder vote, we will, like many blank check companies, offer to redeem shares in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to the proxy rules and not pursuant to the tender offer rules. If we seek stockholder approval, we will complete our initial business combination only if a majority of the shares of common stock voted are voted in favor of the business combination. Additionally, each public stockholder may elect to redeem their public shares irrespective of whether they vote for or against the proposed transaction.
|
| |
and interest or dividends, if any, held in the trust or escrow account are automatically returned to the stockholder. Unless a sufficient number of investors elect to remain investors, all funds on deposit in the escrow account must be returned to all of the investors and none of the securities are issued.
|
|
|
Business combination deadline
|
| |
If we are unable to complete an initial business combination within 12 months, or if we decide to extend the period of time to consummate our business combination up to two times by an additional three months each time, at $0.10 per extension, for a total of $0.20 aggregate in trust, within 18 months, from the closing of this offering, we will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem 100% of the public shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our taxes (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if
|
| |
If an acquisition has not been completed within 18 months after the effective date of the company’s registration statement, funds held in the trust or escrow account are returned to investors.
|
|
| | | |
Terms of Our Offering
|
| |
Terms Under a Rule 419 Offering
|
|
| | | |
any), and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of our remaining stockholders and our board of directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject in each case to our obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and in all cases subject to the requirements of other applicable law.
|
| | | |
|
Release of funds
|
| |
Except for the withdrawal of interest to pay our taxes, none of the funds held in trust will be released from the trust account until the earliest of (i) the completion of our initial business combination, (ii) the redemption of our public shares if we are unable to complete our initial business combination within 12 months, or if we decide to extend the period of time to consummate our business combination up to two times by an additional three months each time, at $0.10 per extension, for a total of $0.20 aggregate in trust, within 18 months, from the closing of this offering, subject to applicable law, and (iii) the redemption of our public shares properly submitted in connection with a stockholder vote to approve an amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to modify the substance or timing of our obligation to redeem 100% of our public shares if we have not consummated an initial business combination within 12 months, or if we decide to extend the period of time to consummate our business combination up to two times by an additional three months each time, at $0.10 per extension, for a total of $0.20 aggregate in trust, within 18 months, from the closing of this offering or with respect to any other material provisions relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial business combination activity.
|
| |
The proceeds held in the escrow account are not released until the earlier of the completion of a business combination or the failure to effect a business combination within the allotted time.
|
|
|
Delivering stock certificates in connection with the exercise of redemption rights
|
| |
We intend to require our public stockholders seeking to exercise their redemption rights, whether they are record holders or hold their shares in “street name,” to, at the holder’s option, either deliver their stock certificates to our transfer agent or deliver their shares to our transfer agent electronically using The Depository Trust Company’s DWAC (Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian)
|
| |
Many blank check companies provide that a stockholder can vote against a proposed business combination and check a box on the proxy card indicating that such stockholder is seeking to exercise its redemption rights. After the business combination is approved, the company would contact such stockholder to arrange for delivery of its share certificates to verify ownership.
|
|
Name
|
| |
Age
|
| |
Position
|
|
Tse Meng Ng | | |
46
|
| | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | |
Han Hsiung Lim | | |
46
|
| |
Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer and Director Nominee
|
|
Benjamin Waisbren | | |
63
|
| | Independent Director | |
Simon Eng Hock Ong | | |
55
|
| | Independent Director Nominee | |
Vincent Yang Hui | | |
33
|
| | Independent Director Nominee | |
|
Individual
|
| |
Entity
|
| |
Entity’s Business
|
| |
Affiliation
|
|
| Tse Meng Ng | | | Ruifeng Wealth Management Pte Ltd | | |
Finance and Investing
|
| | CEO and Co-Founder | |
| Benjamin Waisbren | | |
Vistas Media Acquisition Corp.
|
| | Media | | | Independent director | |
| | | | Virtually There Holdings LLC d/b/a Ben Waisbren & Associates | | | Consulting | | | Principal | |
| Han Hsiung Lim | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Simon Eng Hock Ong
|
| |
Rich Capital Holdings Limited
|
| |
Finance and Investing
|
| | Chief Financial Officer | |
| | | | Asiaphos Limited | | | Mining | | | Director | |
| Vincent Yang Hui | | | abComo eCommerce Pte Ltd | | | Online Shopping | | | Founder and Chief Executive Officer | |
| | |
BEFORE OFFERING
|
| |
AFTER OFFERING
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
NAME AND ADDRESS OF
BENEFICIAL OWNER(1) |
| |
NUMBER OF
SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED(2)(4) |
| |
APPROXIMATE
PERCENTAGE OF OUTSTANDING COMMON STOCK |
| |
NUMBER
OF SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED(2) |
| |
APPROXIMATE
PERCENTAGE OF OUTSTANDING COMMON STOCK |
| ||||||||||||
RF Dynamic LLC (our sponsor)(4)(3)
|
| | | | 2,875,000 | | | | | | 93.5% | | | | | | 2,500,000 | | | | | | 19.7% | | |
Tse Meng Ng(4)
|
| | | | 2,875,000 | | | | | | 93.5% | | | | | | 2,500,000 | | | | | | 19.7% | | |
Benjamin Waisbren
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | |
Han Hsiung Han
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | |
Simon Eng Hock Ong | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Vincent Yang Hui | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
All executive officers and directors as a group
|
| | | | 2,875,000 | | | | | | 93.5% | | | | | | 2,500,000 | | | | | | 19.7% | | |
EarlyBirdCapital, Inc.(5)
|
| | | | 200,000 | | | | | | 6.5% | | | | | | 200,000 | | | | | | 1.6% | | |
Underwriter
|
| |
Number of Units
|
| |||
EarlyBirdCapital, Inc.
|
| | | | | | |
Total
|
| | | | 10,000,000 | | |
| | |
Per Unit
|
| |
Without
Over-allotment |
| |
With
Over-allotment |
| |||||||||
Public offering price
|
| | | $ | 10.00 | | | | | $ | 100,000,000 | | | | | $ | 115,000,000 | | |
Discount
|
| | | $ | 0.20 | | | | | $ | 2,000,000 | | | | | $ | 2,300,000 | | |
Proceeds before expenses(1)
|
| | | $ | 9.80 | | | | | $ | 98,000,000 | | | | | $ | 112,700,000 | | |
| | |
PAGE
|
| |||
Financial Statements of RF Acquisition Corp.: | | | | | | | |
| | | | F-2 | | | |
| | | | F-3 | | | |
| | | | F-4 | | | |
| | | | F-5 | | | |
| | | | F-6 | | | |
| | | | F-7 | | |
| | |
September 30, 2021
(unaudited) |
| |
February 2,
2021 |
| ||||||
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred offering costs
|
| | | $ | 347,388 | | | | | $ | 198,020 | | |
TOTAL ASSETS
|
| | | $ | 347,388 | | | | | | 198,020 | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accrued expenses
|
| | | $ | 659 | | | | | $ | 659 | | |
Accrued offering costs
|
| | | | 327,368 | | | | | | 178,000 | | |
Total Current Liabilities
|
| | | | 328,027 | | | | | | 178,659 | | |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Stockholders’ Equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none outstanding
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | |
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 380,000,000 shares authorized;
200,000 issued and outstanding(2) |
| | | | 20 | | | | | | 20 | | |
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 2,875,000 shares issued and outstanding(1)
|
| | | | 288 | | | | | | 288 | | |
Additional paid in capital
|
| | | | 24,712 | | | | | | 24,712 | | |
Class B common stock subscription receivable
|
| | | | (5,000) | | | | | | (5,000) | | |
Accumulated deficit
|
| | | | (659) | | | | | | (659) | | |
Total Stockholders’ Equity
|
| | | | 19,361 | | | | | | 19,361 | | |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
| | | $ | 347,388 | | | | | $ | 198,020 | | |
| | |
For the period
from January 11, 2021 (inception) through September 30, 2021 (unaudited) |
| |
For the period
from January 11, 2021 (inception) through February 2, 2021 |
| ||||||
Formation costs and other operating expenses
|
| | | $ | 659 | | | | | $ | 659 | | |
Net loss
|
| | | $ | (659) | | | | | $ | (659) | | |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding(1)
|
| | | | 2,700,000 | | | | | | 2,700,000 | | |
Basic and diluted net loss per share
|
| | | $ | (0.00) | | | | | $ | (0.00) | | |
| | |
Class A
Common Stock |
| |
Class B
Common Stock |
| |
Additional
Paid-in Capital |
| |
Accumulated
Deficit |
| |
Class B
Common Stock Subscription Receivable |
| |
Total
Shareholders’ Equity |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| | |
Shares
|
| |
Amount
|
| |
Shares
|
| |
Amount
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balances at January 11, 2021 (inception)
|
| | | | — | | | | | $ | — | | | | | | — | | | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | — | | |
Issuance of Class B common stock to Sponsor(1)
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | 2,875,000 | | | | | | 288 | | | | | | 24,712 | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | 25,000 | | |
Issuance of Class A common stock to EarlyBirdCapital, Inc.
|
| | | | 200,000 | | | | | | 20 | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | 20 | | |
Class B Common Stock Subscriptions receivable
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | (5,000) | | | | | | (5,000) | | |
Net loss for the period
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | (659) | | | | | | — | | | | | | (659) | | |
Balances at February 2, 2021 (audited)
|
| | | | 200,000 | | | | | $ | 20 | | | | | | 2,875,000 | | | | | $ | 288 | | | | | $ | 24,712 | | | | | $ | (659) | | | | | | (5,000) | | | | | $ | 19,361 | | |
Net loss
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | | | | | — | | |
Balances at September 30, 2021 (unaudited)
|
| | | | 200,000 | | | | | $ | 20 | | | | | | 2,875,000 | | | | | $ | 288 | | | | | $ | 24,712 | | | | | $ | (659) | | | | | $ | (5,000) | | | | | $ | 19,361 | | |
| | |
For the period
from January 11, 2021 (inception) through September 30, 2021 (unaudited) |
| |
For the period
from January 11, 2021 (inception) through February 2, 2021 |
| ||||||
Cash flow from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss
|
| | | $ | (659) | | | | | $ | (659) | | |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accrued offering expenses
|
| | | | 659 | | | | | | 659 | | |
Net cash used in operating activities
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | |
Net change in cash
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | |
Cash at the beginning of the period
|
| | | | — | | | | | | — | | |
Cash at the end of the period
|
| | | $ | — | | | | | $ | — | | |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred offering costs included in accrued offering costs
|
| | | $ | 327,368 | | | | | $ | 178,000 | | |
Deferred offering costs paid by sponsor in exchange for issuance of Class B common stock
|
| | | $ | 20,000 | | | | | $ | 20,000 | | |
Issuance of Class B common stock subscription receivable
|
| | | $ | 5,000 | | | | | $ | 5,000 | | |
|
SEC/FINRA expenses
|
| | | $ | 60,093 | | |
|
Accounting fees and expenses
|
| | | $ | 40,000 | | |
|
Printing and engraving expenses
|
| | | $ | 25,000 | | |
|
Legal fees and expenses
|
| | | $ | 300,000 | | |
|
Nasdaq listing and filing fees
|
| | | $ | 55,000 | | |
|
Miscellaneous
|
| | | $ | 79,907 | | |
|
Total
|
| | | $ | 560,000 | | |
|
Exhibit
No. |
| |
Description
|
|
|
1.1*
|
| | | |
|
3.1*
|
| | | |
|
3.2
|
| | | |
|
3.3*
|
| | | |
|
4.1*
|
| | | |
|
4.2*
|
| | | |
|
4.3*
|
| | | |
|
4.4*
|
| | | |
|
4.5*
|
| | | |
|
4.6*
|
| | | |
|
5.1*
|
| | | |
|
10.1*
|
| | | |
|
10.2*
|
| | | |
|
10.3*
|
| | | |
|
10.4*
|
| | | |
|
10.5*
|
| | | |
|
10.6*
|
| | | |
|
10.7*
|
| | | |
|
10.8*
|
| | | |
|
10.9*
|
| | | |
|
10.10*
|
| | | |
|
10.11*
|
| | | |
|
14*
|
| | | |
|
23.1
|
| | | |
|
23.2*
|
| | | |
|
24*
|
| | | |
|
99.1*
|
| | | |
|
99.2*
|
| | | |
|
99.3*
|
| | | |
|
99.4*
|
| | |
| | | | RF ACQUISITION CORP. | |
| | | |
By:
/s/ Tse Meng Ng
Tse Meng Ng
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
Name
|
| |
Position
|
| |
Date
|
|
|
/s/ Tse Meng Ng
Tse Meng Ng
|
| |
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer) |
| |
January 28, 2022
|
|
|
/s/ Han Hsiung Lim
Han Hsiung Lim
|
| |
Chief Financial Officer and Chief
Operating Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
| |
January 28, 2022
|
|
|
/s/ Benjamin Waisbren
Benjamin Waisbren
|
| |
Director
|
| |
January 28, 2022
|
|
| | | |
By:
/s/ Donald J. Puglisi
Name: Donald J. Puglisi
Title: Managing Director, Puglisi & Associates |
|
Exhibit 3.2
AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
RF ACQUISITION CORP.
[●], 2022
RF Acquisition Corp., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “Corporation”), DOES HEREBY CERTIFY AS FOLLOWS:
1. The name of the Corporation is “RF Acquisition Corp.”. The original certificate of incorporation of the Corporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on January 11, 2021 (the “Original Certificate”).
2. This Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Amended and Restated Certificate”), which both restates and amends the provisions of the Original Certificate, was duly adopted in accordance with Sections 228, 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended from time to time (the “DGCL”).
3. This Amended and Restated Certificate shall become effective on the date of filing with Secretary of State of Delaware.
4. The text of the Original Certificate is hereby restated and amended in its entirety to read as follows:
ARTICLE I
NAME
The name of the corporation is RF Acquisition Corp. (the “Corporation”).
ARTICLE II
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the DGCL. In addition to the powers and privileges conferred upon the Corporation by law and those incidental thereto, the Corporation shall possess and may exercise all the powers and privileges that are necessary or convenient to the conduct, promotion or attainment of the business or purposes of the Corporation, including, but not limited to, effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination, involving the Corporation and one or more businesses (a “Business Combination”).
ARTICLE III
REGISTERED AGENT
The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the State of Delaware is 1209 Orange Street, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware, 19801 and the name of the Corporation’s registered agent at such address is Corporation Trust Center.
ARTICLE IV
CAPITALIZATION
Section 4.1 Authorized Capital Stock. The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share, which the Corporation is authorized to issue is 401,000,000 shares, consisting of (a) 400,000,000 shares of common stock (the “Common Stock”), including (i) 380,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock (the “Class A Common Stock”), and (ii) 20,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock (the “Class B Common Stock”), and (b) 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock (the “Preferred Stock”). The number of authorized shares of the Class A Common Stock or Preferred Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL (or any successor provision thereto), and no vote of the holders of any of the Class A Common Stock or the Preferred Stock voting separately as a class shall be required therefor, unless a vote of any such holder is required pursuant to this Amended and Restated Certificate (including any certificate of designation relating to any series of Preferred Stock). The holders of Class B Common Stock are entitled to vote as a separate class to increase the authorized number of shares of Class B Common Stock.
Section 4.2 Preferred Stock. Subject to Article IX of this Amended and Restated Certificate, the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board”) is hereby expressly authorized to provide out of the unissued shares of the Preferred Stock for one or more series of Preferred Stock and to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series and to fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional, special and other rights, if any, of each such series and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, as shall be stated in the resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board providing for the issuance of such series and included in a certificate of designation (a “Preferred Stock Designation”) filed pursuant to the DGCL, and the Board is hereby expressly vested with the authority to the full extent provided by law, now or hereafter, to adopt any such resolution or resolutions.
Section 4.3 Common Stock.
(a) Voting.
(i) Except as otherwise required by law or this Amended and Restated Certificate (including any Preferred Stock Designation), the holders of the Common Stock shall exclusively possess all voting power with respect to the Corporation.
(ii) Except as otherwise required by law or this Amended and Restated Certificate (including any Preferred Stock Designation), the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each such share on each matter properly submitted to the stockholders of the Corporation on which the holders of the Common Stock are entitled to vote.
-2-
(iii) Except as otherwise required by law or this Amended and Restated Certificate (including any Preferred Stock Designation), at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, holders of the Class A Common Stock and holders of the Class B Common Stock, voting together as a single class, shall have the exclusive right to vote for the election of directors and on all other matters properly submitted to a vote of the stockholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise required by law or this Amended and Restated Certificate (including any Preferred Stock Designation), holders of shares of any series of Common Stock shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Amended and Restated Certificate (including any amendment to any Preferred Stock Designation) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock or other series of Common Stock if the holders of such affected series of Preferred Stock or Common Stock, as applicable, are entitled exclusively, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to this Amended and Restated Certificate (including any Preferred Stock Designation) or the DGCL.
(b) Class B Common Stock.
(i) Shares of Class B Common Stock shall be convertible into shares of Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis (the “Initial Conversion Ratio”) automatically on the closing of the Business Combination.
(ii) Notwithstanding the Initial Conversion Ratio, in the case that additional shares of Class A Common Stock, or Equity-linked Securities (as defined below), are issued or deemed issued in excess of the amounts sold in the Corporation’s initial public offering of securities (the “Offering”) and related to the closing of the initial Business Combination, all issued and outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock shall automatically convert into shares of Class A Common Stock at the time of the closing of the initial Business Combination at a ratio for which:
the numerator shall be equal to the sum of (A) 25% of all shares of Class A Common Stock issued or issuable (upon the conversion or exercise of any Equity-linked Securities or otherwise) by the Corporation, related to or in connection with the consummation of the initial Business Combination (excluding any securities issued or issuable to any seller in the initial Business Combination, any private placement warrants issued to RF Dynamic LLC (the “Sponsor”) or its affiliates upon conversion of loans to the Corporation plus (B) the number of shares of Class B Common Stock issued and outstanding prior to the closing of the initial Business Combination; and the denominator shall be the number of shares of Class B Common Stock issued and outstanding prior to the closing of the initial Business Combination.
-3-
As used herein, the term “Equity-linked Securities” means any securities of the Corporation which are convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, (i) the foregoing adjustment to the Initial Conversion Ratio may be waived as to any particular issuance or deemed issuance of additional shares of Class A Common Stock or Equity-linked Securities by the written consent or agreement of holders of a majority of the shares of Class B Common Stock then outstanding consenting or agreeing separately as a single class in the manner provided in Section 4.3(b)(iii), and (ii) in no event shall the Class B Common Stock convert into Class A Common Stock at a ratio that is less than one-for-one.
The foregoing conversion ratio shall also be adjusted to account for any subdivision (by stock split, subdivision, exchange, stock dividend, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse stock split, exchange, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) or similar reclassification or recapitalization of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock into a greater or lesser number of shares occurring after the original filing of this Amended and Restated Certificate without a proportionate and corresponding subdivision, combination or similar reclassification or recapitalization of the outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock.
Each share of Class B Common Stock shall convert into its pro rata number of shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to this Section 4.3(b). The pro rata share for each holder of Class B Common Stock will be determined as follows: Each share of Class B Common Stock shall convert into such number of shares of Class A Common Stock as is equal to the product of one (1) multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the total number of shares of Class A Common Stock into which all of the issued and outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock shall be converted pursuant to this Section 4.3(b) and the denominator of which shall be the total number of issued and outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock at the time of conversion.
(iii) Voting. Except as otherwise required by law or this Amended and Restated Certificate (including any Preferred Stock Designation), for so long as any shares of Class B Common Stock shall remain outstanding, the Corporation shall not, without the prior vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the shares of Class B Common Stock then outstanding, voting separately as a single class, amend, alter or repeal (1) any provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, if such amendment, alteration or repeal would alter or change the powers, preferences or relative, participating, optional or other or special rights of the Class B Common Stock or (2) without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any provision of Article IV or V of this Amended and Restated Certificate or Section 9.15 of the Amended and Restated Bylaws. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the holders of Class B Common Stock may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of the outstanding Class B Common Stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares of Class B Common Stock were present and voted and shall be delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which minutes of proceedings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to the Corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Prompt written notice of the taking of corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent of the holders of Class B Common Stock shall, to the extent required by law, be given to those holders of Class B Common Stock who have not consented in writing and who, if the action had been taken at a meeting, would have been entitled to notice of the meeting if the record date for notice of such meeting had been the date that written consents signed by a sufficient number of holders of Class B Common Stock to take the action were delivered to the Corporation.
-4-
(c) Dividends. Subject to applicable law, the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the Preferred Stock and the provisions of Article IX hereof, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive such dividends and other distributions (payable in cash, property or capital stock of the Corporation) when, as and if declared thereon by the Board from time to time out of any assets or funds of the Corporation legally available therefor and shall share equally on a per share basis in such dividends and distributions.
(d) Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up of the Corporation. Subject to applicable law, the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the Preferred Stock and the provisions of Article IX hereof, in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, after payment or provision for payment of the debts and other liabilities of the Corporation, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive all the remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders, ratably in proportion to the number of shares of Class A Common Stock (on an as converted basis with respect to the Class B Common Stock) held by them.
Section 4.4 Rights and Options. The Corporation has the authority to create and issue rights, warrants and options entitling the holders thereof to acquire from the Corporation any shares of its capital stock of any class or classes, with such rights, warrants and options to be evidenced by or in instrument(s) approved by the Board. The Board is empowered to set the exercise price, duration, times for exercise and other terms and conditions of such rights, warrants or options; provided, however, that the consideration to be received for any shares of capital stock issuable upon exercise thereof may not be less than the par value thereof.
ARTICLE V
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 5.1 Board Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by, or under the direction of, the Board. In addition to the powers and authority expressly conferred upon the Board by statute, this Amended and Restated Certificate or the Bylaws of the Corporation (“Bylaws”), the Board is hereby empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation, subject, nevertheless, to the provisions of the DGCL, this Amended and Restated Certificate, and any Bylaws adopted by the stockholders of the Corporation; provided, however, that no Bylaws hereafter adopted by the stockholders of the Corporation shall invalidate any prior act of the Board that would have been valid if such Bylaws had not been adopted.
-5-
Section 5.2 Number, Election and Term.
(a) The number of directors of the Corporation, other than those who may be elected by the holders of one or more series of the Preferred Stock voting separately by class or series, shall be fixed from time to time exclusively by the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by three-quarters (3/4) of the Board.
(b) The Board shall be divided into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible and designated Class I, Class II and Class III. The Board is authorized to assign members of the Board already in office to Class I, Class II or Class III; provided that the Chairman of the Board shall be a Class III Director. The term of the initial Class I Directors shall expire at the first annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation following the effectiveness of this Amended and Restated Certificate, the term of the initial Class II Directors shall expire at the second annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation following the effectiveness of this Amended and Restated Certificate and the term of the initial Class III Directors shall expire at the third annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation following the effectiveness of this Amended and Restated Certificate. At each succeeding annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, beginning with the first annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation following the effectiveness of this Amended and Restated Certificate, each of the successors elected to replace the class of directors whose term expires at that annual meeting shall be elected for a three-year term or until the election and qualification of their respective successors in office, subject to their earlier death, resignation or removal. If the number of directors that constitute the Board is changed, any increase or decrease shall be apportioned by the Board among the classes so as to maintain the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, but in no case shall a decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board shorten the term of any incumbent director. Subject to the rights of the holders of one or more series of Preferred Stock, voting separately by class or series, to elect directors pursuant to the terms of one or more series of Preferred Stock, the election of directors shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon. The Board is hereby expressly authorized, by resolution or resolutions thereof, to assign members of the Board already in office to the aforesaid classes at the time this Amended and Restated Certificate (and therefore such classification) becomes effective in accordance with the DGCL. (c) A director shall hold office until the annual meeting for the year in which his or her term expires and until his or her successor has been elected and qualified, subject, however, to such director’s earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal.
(c) Unless and except to the extent that the Bylaws shall so require, the election of directors need not be by written ballot. The holders of shares of Common Stock shall not have cumulative voting rights with regard to election of directors.
-6-
Section 5.3 Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies. Newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal or other cause may be filled solely and exclusively by a majority vote of the remaining directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director (and not by stockholders), and any director so chosen shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors to which the new directorship was added or in which the vacancy occurred and until his or her successor has been elected and qualified, subject, however, to such director’s earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal.
Section 5.4 Removal. Any or all of the directors may be removed from office at any time, but only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class; provided, however, for so long as any shares of Class B Common Stock shall remain outstanding, a director may not be removed for cause without the affirmative vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the shares of Class B Common Stock then outstanding, voting separately as a single class. For purposes of this Section 5.4, “cause” shall mean (i) a director’s conviction of a felony under United States federal law which the Board reasonably believes had or will have a detrimental effect on the Company’s reputation or business or otherwise would materially interfere with such director’s ability to fulfill his or her material duties as a director of the Company or (ii) continued nonperformance of such director’s material duties for a period of thirty (30) days after there has been delivered to such director a written demand for performance from the Company which describes the basis for the Company’s belief that such director has not substantially performed his or her duties and fails to correct such nonperformance within thirty (30) days of delivery of such written demand.
ARTICLE VI
BYLAWS
In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred upon it by law, the Board shall have the power and is expressly authorized to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws. The affirmative vote of a majority of the Board shall be required to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws. The Bylaws also may be adopted, amended, altered or repealed by the stockholders; provided, however, that in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation required by law or by this Amended and Restated Certificate, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of all then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required for the stockholders to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the Bylaws; and provided, further, however, that no Bylaws hereafter adopted by the stockholders shall invalidate any prior act of the Board.
-7-
ARTICLE VII
SPECIAL MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS; ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT
Section 7.1 Special Meetings. Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the Preferred Stock, and to the requirements of applicable law, special meetings of stockholders of the Corporation may be called only by the Chairman of the Board or the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by three-quarters of the Board, and the ability of the stockholders of the Corporation to call a special meeting is hereby specifically denied. Except as provided in the foregoing sentence, special meetings of stockholders of the Corporation may not be called by another person or persons.
Section 7.2 Advance Notice. Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of directors and of business to be brought by stockholders before any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws.
Section 7.3 Action by Written Consent. Except as may be otherwise provided for or fixed pursuant to this Amended and Restated Certificate (including any Preferred Stock Designation) relating to the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock, subsequent to the consummation of the Offering, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be effected by a duly called annual or special meeting of such stockholders and may not be effected by written consent of the stockholders other than with respect to our Class B Common Stock with respect to which action may be taken by written consent.
ARTICLE VIII
LIMITED LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION
Section 8.1 Limitation of Director Liability. A director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL as the same exists or may hereafter be amended unless they violated their duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, acted in bad faith, knowingly or intentionally violated the law, authorized unlawful payments of dividends, unlawful stock purchases or unlawful redemptions, or derived improper personal benefit from their actions as directors. Any amendment, modification or repeal of the foregoing sentence shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation hereunder in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such amendment, modification or repeal.
-8-
Section 8.2 Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses.
(a) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, the Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless each person who is or was made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “proceeding”) by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, other enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (an “indemnitee”), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent, or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee or agent, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes and penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred by such indemnitee in connection with such proceeding. The Corporation shall to the fullest extent not prohibited by applicable law pay the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an indemnitee in defending or otherwise participating in any proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that, to the extent required by applicable law, such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking, by or on behalf of the indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section 8.2 or otherwise. The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses conferred by this Section 8.2 shall be contract rights and such rights shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee, or agent and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors, and administrators. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 8.2(a), except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses, the Corporation shall indemnify and advance expenses to an indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board.
(b) The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses conferred on any indemnitee by this Section 8.2 shall not be exclusive of any other rights that any indemnitee may have or hereafter acquire under law, this Amended and Restated Certificate, the Bylaws, an agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.
(c) Any repeal or amendment of this Section 8.2 by the stockholders of the Corporation or by changes in law, or the adoption of any other provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate inconsistent with this Section 8.2, shall, unless otherwise required by law, be prospective only (except to the extent such amendment or change in law permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights on a retroactive basis than permitted prior thereto), and shall not in any way diminish or adversely affect any right or protection existing at the time of such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent provision in respect of any proceeding (regardless of when such proceeding is first threatened, commenced or completed) arising out of, or related to, any act or omission occurring prior to such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent provision.
(d) This Section 8.2 shall not limit the right of the Corporation, to the extent and in the manner authorized or permitted by law, to indemnify and to advance expenses to persons other than indemnitees.
-9-
ARTICLE IX
BUSINESS COMBINATION REQUIREMENTS; EXISTENCE
Section 9.1 General.
(a) The provisions of this Article IX shall apply during the period commencing upon the effectiveness of this Amended and Restated Certificate and terminating upon the consummation of the Corporation’s initial Business Combination and no amendment to this Article IX shall be effective prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination unless approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-five percent (65%) of all then outstanding shares of the Common Stock.
(b) Immediately after the Offering, a certain amount of the net offering proceeds received by the Corporation in the Offering (including the proceeds of any exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option) and certain other amounts specified in the Corporation’s registration statement on Form S-1, as initially filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on December 20, 2021, as amended (the Registration Statement), shall be deposited in a trust account (the Trust Account), established for the benefit of the Public Stockholders (as defined below) pursuant to a trust agreement described in the Registration Statement. Except for the withdrawal of interest to pay taxes (less up to $100,000 interest to pay dissolution expenses), none of the funds held in the Trust Account (including the interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account) will be released from the Trust Account until the earliest to occur of (i) the completion of the initial Business Combination, (ii) the redemption of 100% of the Offering Shares (as defined below) if the Corporation is unable to complete its initial Business Combination within 12 months (of 18 months, as applicable) from the closing of the Offering or such later date as approved by holders of a majority of the voting power of the Corporation’s then outstanding Common Stock that are voted at a meeting to extend such date provided such change is treated as an amendment in accordance with Section 9.7 (or, if the Office of the Delaware Division of Corporations shall not be open for business (including filing of corporate documents) on such date the next date upon which the Office of the Delaware Division of Corporations shall be open (the “Deadline Date”) and (iii) the redemption of shares in connection with a vote seeking to amend any provisions of this Amended and Restated Certificate relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-initial Business Combination activity (as described in Section 9.7). Holders of shares of Common Stock included as part of the units sold in the Offering (the “Offering Shares”) (whether such Offering Shares were purchased in the Offering or in the secondary market following the Offering and whether or not such holders are the Sponsor or officers or directors of the Corporation, or affiliates of any of the foregoing) are referred to herein as “Public Stockholders.”
Section 9.2 Redemption Rights.
(a) Prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination, the Corporation shall provide all holders of Offering Shares with the opportunity to have their Offering Shares redeemed upon the consummation of the initial Business Combination pursuant to, and subject to the limitations of, Sections 9.2(b) and 9.2(c) (such rights of such holders to have their Offering Shares redeemed pursuant to such Sections, the “Redemption Rights”) hereof for cash equal to the applicable redemption price per share determined in accordance with Section 9.2(b) hereof (the “Redemption Price”); provided, however, that the Corporation will only redeem Offering Shares so long as (after such redemption), the Corporation’s net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a51-1(g)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) (or any successor rule)), or of any entity that succeeds the Corporation as a public company, will be at least $5,000,001 either immediately prior to or upon consummation of the initial Business Combination or any greater net tangible asset or cash requirement which may be contained in the agreement relating to the initial Business Combination (such limitation hereinafter called the “Redemption Limitation”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Amended and Restated Certificate, there shall be no Redemption Rights or liquidating distributions with respect to any warrant issued pursuant to the Offering. Such obligation to redeem Offering Shares is subject to the completion of the proposed initial Business Combination to which it relates.
-10-
(b) If the Corporation offers to redeem the Offering Shares other than in conjunction with a stockholder vote on an initial Business Combination with a proxy solicitation pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act (or any successor rules or regulations) and filing proxy materials with the SEC, the Corporation shall offer to redeem the Offering Shares upon the consummation of the initial Business Combination, subject to lawfully available funds therefor, in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.2(a) hereof pursuant to a tender offer in accordance with Rule 13e-4 and Regulation 14E of the Exchange Act (or any successor rule or regulation) (such rules and regulations hereinafter called the “Tender Offer Rules”) which it shall commence prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination and shall file tender offer documents with the SEC prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination that contain substantially the same financial and other information about the initial Business Combination and the Redemption Rights as is required under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act (or any successor rule or regulation) (such rules and regulations hereinafter called the “Proxy Solicitation Rules”), even if such information is not required under the Tender Offer Rules; provided, however, that if a stockholder vote is required by law to approve the proposed initial Business Combination, or the Corporation decides to submit the proposed initial Business Combination to the stockholders for their approval for business or other legal reasons, the Corporation shall offer to redeem the Offering Shares, subject to lawfully available funds therefor, in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.2(a) hereof in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to the Proxy Solicitation Rules (and not the Tender Offer Rules) at a price per share equal to the Redemption Price calculated in accordance with the following provisions of this Section 9.2(b). In the event that the Corporation offers to redeem the Offering Shares pursuant to a tender offer in accordance with the Tender Offer Rules, the Redemption Price per share of the Common Stock payable to holders of the Offering Shares tendering their Offering Shares pursuant to such tender offer shall be equal to the quotient obtained by dividing: (i) the aggregate amount on deposit in the Trust Account as of two business days prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination, including interest not previously released to the Corporation to pay its taxes, by (ii) the total number of then outstanding Offering Shares. If the Corporation offers to redeem the Offering Shares in conjunction with a stockholder vote on the proposed initial Business Combination pursuant to a proxy solicitation, the Redemption Price per share of the Common Stock payable to holders of the Offering Shares exercising their Redemption Rights shall be equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (a) the aggregate amount on deposit in the Trust Account as of two business days prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination, including interest not previously released to the Corporation to pay its taxes, by (b) the total number of then outstanding Offering Shares.
-11-
(c) If the Corporation offers to redeem the Offering Shares in conjunction with a stockholder vote on an initial Business Combination pursuant to a proxy solicitation, a Public Stockholder, together with any affiliate of such stockholder or any other person with whom such stockholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), shall be restricted from seeking Redemption Rights with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the Offering Shares without the prior written consent of the Corporation.
(d) In the event that the Corporation has not consummated an initial Business Combination by the Deadline Date, the Corporation shall (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter subject to lawfully available funds therefor, redeem 100% of the Offering Shares in consideration of a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (A) the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest not previously released to the Corporation to pay its taxes (less up to $100,000 of such net interest to pay dissolution expenses), by (B) the total number of then outstanding Offering Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish rights of the Public Stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the remaining stockholders and the Board in accordance with applicable law, dissolve and liquidate, subject in each case to the Corporation’s obligations under the DGCL to provide for claims of creditors and other requirements of applicable law.
(e) If the Corporation offers to redeem the Offering Shares in conjunction with a stockholder vote on an initial Business Combination, the Corporation shall consummate the proposed initial Business Combination only if (i) such initial Business Combination is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of the Common Stock that are voted at a stockholder meeting held to consider such initial Business Combination and (ii) the Redemption Limitation is not exceeded.
(f) If the Corporation conducts a tender offer pursuant to Section 9.2(b), the Corporation shall consummate the proposed initial Business Combination only if the Redemption Limitation is not exceeded.
Section 9.3 Distributions from the Trust Account.
(a) A Public Stockholder shall be entitled to receive funds from the Trust Account only as provided in Sections 9.2(a), 9.2(b), 9.2(d) or 9.7 hereof. In no other circumstances shall a Public Stockholder have any right or interest of any kind in or to distributions from the Trust Account, and no stockholder other than a Public Stockholder shall have any interest in or to the Trust Account.
(b) Each Public Stockholder that does not exercise its Redemption Rights shall retain its interest in the Corporation and shall be deemed to have given its consent to the release of the remaining funds in the Trust Account to the Corporation, and following payment to any Public Stockholders exercising their Redemption Rights, the remaining funds in the Trust Account shall be released to the Corporation.
-12-
(c) The exercise by a Public Stockholder of the Redemption Rights shall be conditioned on such Public Stockholder following the specific procedures for redemptions set forth by the Corporation in any applicable tender offer or proxy materials sent to the Public Stockholders relating to the proposed initial Business Combination, including the requirement that any Public Stockholder that holds Offering Shares beneficially must identify itself to the Corporation in connection with any redemption election in order to validly redeem such Offering Shares. Public Stockholders seeking to exercise their redemption rights will be required to either tender their certificates (if any) to the Company’s transfer agent or to deliver their shares to the transfer agent electronically using The Depository Trust Company’s DWAC (Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian) System, at the holder’s option, in each case up to two business days prior to the vote on the proposal to approve a Business Combination. Payment of the amounts necessary to satisfy the Redemption Rights properly exercised shall be made as promptly as practical after the consummation of the initial Business Combination.
Section 9.4 Share Issuances. Prior to the consummation of the Corporation’s initial Business Combination, the Corporation shall not issue any additional shares of capital stock of the Corporation that would entitle the holders thereof to receive funds from the Trust Account or vote on any initial Business Combination, on any pre-Business Combination activity or on any amendment to this Article IX.
Section 9.5 Transactions with Affiliates. In the event the Corporation enters into an initial Business Combination with a target business that is affiliated with the Sponsor, or the directors or officers of the Corporation, the Corporation, or a committee of the independent directors of the Corporation, shall obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions that such Business Combination is fair to the Corporation from a financial point of view.
Section 9.6 No Transactions with Other Blank Check Companies. The Corporation shall not enter into an initial Business Combination solely with another blank check company or a similar company with nominal operations.
Section 9.7 Additional Redemption Rights. If, in accordance with Section 9.1(a), any amendment is made to Section 9.2(d) to modify the substance or timing of the ability of Public Stockholders to seek redemption in connection with an initial Business Combination or the Corporation’s obligation to redeem 100% of the Offering Shares if the Corporation has not consummated an initial Business Combination by the Deadline Date, the Public Stockholders shall be provided with the opportunity to redeem their Offering Shares upon the approval of any such amendment, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest not previously released to the Corporation to pay its taxes, divided by the number of then outstanding Offering Shares; provided, however, that any such amendment will be voided, and this Article IX will remain unchanged, if any stockholders who wish to redeem are unable to redeem due to the Redemption Limitation.
Section 9.8 Minimum Value of Target. So long as the Corporation is listed on a national securities exchange, the Corporation’s initial Business Combination must occur with one or more target businesses that together have a fair market value of at least 80% of the assets held in the Trust Account (excluding the deferred underwriting discount held in, and taxes payable on the income earned on, the Trust Account) at the time of the agreement for the initial Business Combination.
-13-
ARTICLE X
CORPORATE OPPORTUNITY
To the extent allowed by law, the doctrine of corporate opportunity, or any other analogous doctrine, shall not apply with respect to the Corporation or any of its officers or directors, or any of their respective affiliates, in circumstances where the application of any such doctrine would conflict with any fiduciary duties or contractual obligations they may have as of the date of this Amended and Restated Certificate or in the future, and the Corporation renounces any expectancy that any of the directors or officers of the Corporation will offer any such corporate opportunity of which he or she may become aware to the Corporation, except, the doctrine of corporate opportunity shall apply with respect to any of the directors or officers of the Corporation with respect to a corporate opportunity that was offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the Corporation and (i) such opportunity is one the Corporation is legally and contractually permitted to undertake and would otherwise be reasonable for the Corporation to pursue and (ii) the director or officer is permitted to refer that opportunity to the Corporation without violating any legal obligation.
ARTICLE XI
AMENDMENT OF AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
The Corporation reserves the right at any time and from time to time to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Amended and Restated Certificate (including any Preferred Stock Designation), and other provisions authorized by the laws of the State of Delaware at the time in force that may be added or inserted, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by this Amended and Restated Certificate and the DGCL; and, except as set forth in Article VIII, all rights, preferences and privileges of whatever nature herein conferred upon stockholders, directors or any other persons by and pursuant to this Amended and Restated Certificate in its present form or as hereafter amended are granted subject to the right reserved in this Article XI; provided, however, that Article IX of this Amended and Restated Certificate may be amended only as provided therein.
-14-
ARTICLE XII
EXCLUSIVE FORUM FOR CERTAIN LAWSUITS; CONSENT TO JURISDICTION
Section 12.1 Forum. (a) Subject to clause (b) immediately below, and unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by the applicable law, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation, its directors, officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or this Amended and Restated Certificate or the Bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation, its directors, officers or employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine and, if brought outside of Delaware, the stockholder bringing the suit will be deemed to have consented to service of process on such stockholder’s counsel except any action (A) as to which the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination), (B) which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery, or (C) for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction. (b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the provisions of this Section 12.1 will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction and (ii) unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Section 12.2 Consent to Jurisdiction. If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of Section 12.1(a) immediately above is filed in a court other than a court located within the State of Delaware (a “Foreign Action”) in the name of any stockholder, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to (i) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located within the State of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce Section 12.1(a) immediately above (an “FSC Enforcement Action”) and (ii) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such FSC Enforcement Action by service upon such stockholder’s counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such stockholder. If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of Section 12.1(b) above is filed in a court other than a federal district court of the United States of America (a “Foreign Securities Act Action”) in the name of any stockholder (current, former or future), such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to: (x) the personal jurisdiction of the federal district courts of the United States of America in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce Section 12.1(b) above (a “Foreign Securities Act Enforcement Action”), and (y) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such enforcement action by service upon such stockholder’s counsel in the Foreign Securities Act Enforcement Action as agent for such stockholder.
Section 12.3 Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Article XII shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person or entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Article XII (including, without limitation, each portion of any sentence of this Article XII containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) and the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
-15-
Section 12.4 Deemed Notice. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in any security of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to this Article XII.
[Signature Page Follows]
-16-
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, RF Acquisition Corp. has caused this Amended and Restated Certificate to be duly executed and acknowledged in its name and on its behalf by an authorized officer as of the date first set forth above.
RF ACQUISITION CORP. | ||
By: | ||
Name: Tse Meng Ng | ||
Title: Chief Executive Officer |
Exhibit 23.1
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Consent
We consent to the inclusion in this Registration Statement of RF Acquisition Corp. (the “Company”) on Amendment No. 2 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-261765) of our report dated March 1, 2021, except for Note 8, as to which the date is December 20, 2021 and Note 9, as to which the date is January 25, 2022, which includes an explanatory paragraph as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, with respect to our audit of the financial statements of RF Acquisition Corp. as of February 2, 2021 and for the period from January 11, 2021 (inception) through February 2, 2021, which report appears in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to our Firm under the heading “Experts” in such Prospectus.
/s/ Marcum llp
Marcum llp
Boston, MA
January 28, 2022